5HVHDUFKQHWZRUNVDQGVFLHQWLÀF production in Economics: The recent Spanish Experience Las redes de investigación y la producción científica en economía: La experiencia española reciente Juan Carlos Duque* Raúl Ramos** Vicente Royuela*** Fecha de recepción: Fecha de aceptación: * ** *** 06F HQ (FRQRPtD \ (PSUHVD 8QLYHUVLGDG 3RPSHX )DEUD \ 3K' HQ (VWXGLRV (PSUHVDULDOHV8QLYHUVLGDGGH%DUFHORQD5HVHDUFKLQ6SDWLDO(FRQRPLFV5L6( 'HSDUWPHQWRI(FRQRPLFV($),78QLYHUVLW\0HGHOOtQ&RORPELD GXTXHF#HDÀWHGXFR 3K'HQ(FRQRPtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH%DUFHORQD*UXSG·$QjOLVL4XDQWLWDWLYD5HJLRQDO $45,5($8QLYHUVLWDWGH%DUFHORQD%DUFHORQD(VSDxD UDPRV#XEHGX 3K'HQ(FRQRPtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH%DUFHORQD*UXSG·$QjOLVL4XDQWLWDWLYD5HJLRQDO $45,5($8QLYHUVLWDWGH%DUFHORQD(VSDxD YUR\XHOD#XEHGX ISSN 1657-4206 I Año 15 I No. 32 I enero-junio 2011 I pp. 121-132 I Medellín-Colombia 122 5HVHDUFKQHWZRUNVDQGVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQ(FRQRPLFV7KHUHFHQW6SDQLVK([SHULHQFH -8$1&$5/26'848( 5$Ó/5$026 9,&(17(52<8(/$ Abstract 7KLV SDSHU VWXGLHV 6SDQLVK VFLHQWLÀF SURGXFWLRQ LQ (FRQRPLFV IURP WR ,W focuses on aspects that have received little attention in other bibliometric studies, such DV WKH LPSDFW RI UHVHDUFK DQG WKH UROH RI VFLHQWLÀF FROODERUDWLRQV LQ WKH SXEOLFDWLRQV SURGXFHG E\ 6SDQLVK XQLYHUVLWLHV 2XU UHVXOWV VKRZ WKDW QDWLRQDO UHVHDUFK QHWZRUNV KDYHSOD\HGDIXQGDPHQWDOUROHLQWKHLQFUHDVHLQ6SDQLVKVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQWKLV GLVFLSOLQH 7KH RXWFRPH RI WKLV UHVHDUFK LV DQ LQYLWDWLRQ WR XQLYHUVLWLHV LQ GHYHORSLQJ countries to encourage and stimulate the practice of academic co-authorships since WKH\LQFUHDVHWKHOHYHOTXDOLW\LPSDFWDQGGLIIXVLRQRIVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQ Key words %LEOLRPHWULFWHFKQLTXHVVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQ(FRQRPLFVUHVHDUFKQHWZRUNV Resumen (VWH DUWtFXOR HVWXGLD OD SURGXFFLyQ FLHQWtÀFD HVSDxROD HQ HFRQRPtD GHVGH KDVWD6HHQIRFDHQDVSHFWRVTXHKDQUHFLELGRSRFDDWHQFLyQHQRWURVHVWXGLRV bibliométricos, como lo son el impacto de la investigación y el rol de las colaboraciones FLHQWtÀFDVHQODVSXEOLFDFLRQHVKHFKDVSRUXQLYHUVLGDGHVHVSDxRODV1XHVWURVUHVXOWDGRV muestran que las redes nacionales de investigación han tenido un rol fundamental en HODXPHQWRGHODSURGXFFLyQFLHQWtÀFDHVSDxRODHQHVWDGLVFLSOLQD(OUHVXOWDGRGHHVWD investigación es una invitación para que las universidades en países en vía de desarrollo estimulen y apoyen estos proyectos ya que de esta manera se incrementa el nivel, la FDOLGDG\HOLPSDFWRGHODSURGXFFLyQFLHQWtÀFD Palabras clave $QiOLVLVELEOLRPpWULFRSURGXFFLyQFLHQWtÀFDHQHFRQRPtDUHGHVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ &ODVLÀFDFLyQ-(/ $$$ 123 Ecos de Economía Universidad EAFIT 1$xRHQHURMXQLR ,QWURGXFWLRQ $FFRUGLQJ WR GDWD IURP WKH ,QVWLWXWH IRU 6FLHQWLÀF ,QIRUPDWLRQ ,6, LQ 6SDQLVK UHVHDUFK LQ (FRQRPLFV UHSUHVHQWHG RI ZRUOGZLGH SURGXFWLRQ 7KLV ÀJXUH URVH WR E\ 3UHYLRXV VWXGLHV KDYH QRWHG 6SDLQ·V XSZDUG WUHQG LQ HFRQRPLF SURGXFWLRQ%HUJDQWLQyVHWDO9LOODU'RODGRHWDO5R\XHODHWDO 5RGUtJXH]6XULxDFKD1 but few have analysed the impact of WKLVUHVHDUFKDQGLWVGHWHUPLQDQWV5DPRVHWDO6XULxDFKHWDOE 7KH PDLQ DLP RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR DQDO\VH WKH UROH RI VFLHQWLÀF FROODERUDWLRQV RQ UDWHV RISXEOLFDWLRQ7RGRVRZHÀUVWSURYLGHQHZHYLGHQFHRQWKHLPSDFWRIWKHVFLHQWLÀF SURGXFWLRQE\6SDQLVKXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGWKHQWHVWWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIUHVHDUFKQHWZRUNVLQ WKLVDFWLYLW\2XUFODLPLVWKDWUHVHDUFKQHWZRUNVQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOKDYHSOD\HG DNH\SDUWLQWKHLQFUHDVHLQ6SDQLVKVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQ(FRQRPLFV 7RWHVWRXUFODLPZHFROOHFWHGLQIRUPDWLRQRQDUWLFOHVSXEOLVKHGE\DXWKRUVDIÀOLDWHGWR 6SDQLVKXQLYHUVLWLHVEHWZHHQDQGDQGRQWKHFLWDWLRQVUHFHLYHGE\WKHVH DUWLFOHV7KHGDWDZHUHREWDLQHGIURPWKH,6,:HERI.QRZOHGJH,QSDUWLFXODUZHIRFXVHG on refereed articles published in journals that have appeared in at least one year of our SHULRGLQWKH6RFLDO6FLHQFH&LWDWLRQ,QGH[GDWDEDVHXQGHUDWOHDVWRQHRIWKHIROORZLQJ FDWHJRULHV RI WKH ´DLP DQG VFRSHVµ VHFWLRQ GHPRJUDSK\ HFRQRPLFV HQYLURQPHQWDO studies, geography, planning and development, transportation and urban studies, and ZKHUHDWOHDVWRQHFRDXWKRUUHSRUWHGDQDIÀOLDWLRQWRRQHRIWKH6SDQLVKXQLYHUVLWLHV RIIHULQJGHJUHHVLQ(FRQRPLFVRU0DQDJHPHQWSURJUDPV:HWKXVREWDLQHGDGDWDVHW RIDUWLFOHVIURPRIWKHXQLYHUVLWLHV,QWKLVSHULRGRIWKHVHDUWLFOHV ZHUH FLWHG E\ RWKHU DUWLFOHV 7KLV PHDQV WKDW 6SDQLVK VFLHQWLÀF SURGXFWLRQ LQ (FRQRPLFVUHFHLYHGFLWDWLRQVSHUSXEOLVKHGDUWLFOHDÀJXUHVRPHZD\EHORZWKH ZRUOGZLGHDYHUDJHRIFLWDWLRQVSHUDUWLFOHLQWKLVSHULRG ,Q WKH IROORZLQJ VHFWLRQ ZH SURYLGH HYLGHQFH RI WKH LPSDFW DQG GLIIXVLRQ RI 6SDQLVK UHVHDUFKLQ(FRQRPLFVEHWZHHQDQG7KHWKLUGVHFWLRQIRFXVHVRQWKHUROHRI UHVHDUFKQHWZRUNVDVRQHRIWKHSRWHQWLDOH[SODQDWRU\IDFWRUVRIWKHLQFUHDVHLQ6SDQLVK UHVHDUFK 6HH )LJOLR .DODLW]LGDNLV DQG 7RPED]RV IRU VLPLODU VWXGLHV DW RWKHU JHRJUDSKLFDOVFDOHV 124 5HVHDUFKQHWZRUNVDQGVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQ(FRQRPLFV7KHUHFHQW6SDQLVK([SHULHQFH -8$1&$5/26'848( 5$Ó/5$026 9,&(17(52<8(/$ 7KHLPSDFWRIVSDQLVKUHVHDUFKLQHFRQRPLFV $VZHQRWHGLQWKHLQWURGXFWLRQWKHLPSDFWRI6SDQLVKUHVHDUFKPHDVXUHGDVWKHQXPEHU RI FLWDWLRQV SHU SXEOLVKHG SDSHU LPSURYHG EHWZHHQ DQG EXW LW ZDV VWLOO EHORZLQWHUQDWLRQDOVWDQGDUGV+RZHYHUWKHLPSDFWRIUHVHDUFKFDQDOVREHHVWLPDWHG XVLQJRWKHULQGLFDWRUV)LUVWWREURDGHQRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHFLWDWLRQVJHQHUDWHGE\ 6SDQLVKSXEOLFDWLRQVIRUHDFK\HDUZHFDOFXODWHGimmediacy – the average year when the articles started to be cited – and life of the article – the average year when the DUWLFOHVJHQHUDWHGWKHLUODVWFLWDWLRQ7KHUHVXOWVDUHVKRZQLQÀJXUH Figure 1 Publication year and average year when the DUWLFOHVUHFHLYHWKHLUÀUVWDQGODVWFLWDWLRQ Note: The lower end of the vertical line indicates the publication year, the lower edge of the rectangle indicates the average year when the contributions start generating citations, and the upper edge of the rectangle indicates the average last year in which the contributions generate WKHODVWFLWDWLRQ 7ZR LQWHUHVWLQJ ÀQGLQJV HPHUJH IURP WKLV ÀJXUH )LUVW WKH WLPH EHWZHHQ WKH \HDU RI publication and the moment when the article starts to generate citations fell dramatically over the period analysed, from around three years in the mid-nineteen nineties to less 125 Ecos de Economía Universidad EAFIT 1$xRHQHURMXQLR WKDQKDOID\HDUE\WKHHQG7KHUHare many factors that might explain this trend; the large-scale development of communication media such as the Internet; the availability of articles in electronic format before they are published on paper; and the increase in WKHQXPEHURIGDWDEDVHVWKDWIDFLOLWDWHDFFHVVWRSXEOLFDWLRQVDOORYHUWKHZRUOG7KH VHFRQGÀQGLQJLVWKDWWKHWLPHEHWZHHQWKHÀUVWDQGWKHODVWFLWDWLRQWHQGVWREHVKRUWHU It is clear that articles published in recent years are at a disadvantage with respect to DUWLFOHVSXEOLVKHGDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHSHULRGDQDO\VHG,QRUGHUWRUHGXFHWKHHIIHFWV RIWKHFXWWLQJ\HDUZHLQFOXGHGDUWLFOHVSXEOLVKHGXQWLODQGFLWDWLRQVUHFHLYHGXQWLO A second indicator of the impact and diffusion of the research is the geographical origin RIFLWDWLRQV:HDQDO\VHGWKHFRXQWU\RIWKHLQVWLWXWLRQVLQFOXGHGLQWKHDUWLFOHV WKDWKDYHFLWHGDWOHDVWRQH6SDQLVKFRQWULEXWLRQSXEOLVKHGEHWZHHQDQG (LJKW\WKUHHFRXQWULHVKDYHFLWHG6SDQLVKFRQWULEXWLRQVEHWZHHQDQG6L[W\ VL[SHUFHQWRIWKHFLWDWLRQVDUHFRQFHQWUDWHGLQWKUHHFRXQWULHVRIWKHFLWDWLRQV DUH JHQHUDWHG E\ LQVWLWXWLRQV LQ WKH 86 E\ 6SDQLVK LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG E\ %ULWLVK LQVWLWXWLRQV )LJXUH VKRZV WKH FRXQWULHV FDWHJRUL]HG E\ OHYHO RI FLWDWLRQV Figure 2 &RXQWULHVWKDWKDYHFLWHG6SDQLVKFRQWULEXWLRQV 7KHDQDO\VLVRIFLWDWLRQVRYHUWLPHSURYLGHVLQWHUHVWLQJUHVXOWV7KHOLVWRIFRXQWULHVWKDW FLWH6SDQLVKFRQWULEXWLRQVLQFUHDVHGIURPEHWZHHQDQGWREHWZHHQ 126 5HVHDUFKQHWZRUNVDQGVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQ(FRQRPLFV7KHUHFHQW6SDQLVK([SHULHQFH -8$1&$5/26'848( 5$Ó/5$026 9,&(17(52<8(/$ DQGDQGWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIFLWDWLRQVPRUHWKDQGRXEOHGEHWZHHQ DQGDQGEHWZHHQDQG 6XPPDUL]LQJWKHUHVXOWVLQWKLVVHFWLRQLQGLFDWHWKDW6SDQLVKUHVHDUFKLQ(FRQRPLFVKDV LQFUHDVHGERWKIURPDTXDQWLWDWLYHSRLQWRIYLHZLHPRUHDUWLFOHVDQGIURPDTXDOLWDWLYH SHUVSHFWLYH LH PRUH FLWDWLRQV KLJKHU LPPHGLDF\ DQG EURDGHU JHRJUDSKLFDO VFRSH 7KHUROHRIUHVHDUFKQHWZRUNV &ROODERUDWLYHQHWZRUNVUHSUHVHQWDQLPSRUWDQWFRPSRQHQWLQWKHSURFHVVRIVFLHQWLÀF SURGXFWLRQ $UWLFOHV GHULYHG IURP LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ FRRSHUDWLRQ WHQG WR LQFUHDVH WKH TXDOLW\LPSDFWDQGGLIIXVLRQRIDVWXG\)RUH[DPSOH6XWWHUDQG.RFKHUDQDO\VH the effects of collaborations with other institutions in departments of Economics in $PHULFDQXQLYHUVLWLHVDQG6DXHULQ(XURSHERWKVWXGLHVFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHVH FROODERUDWLRQVKDYHDVLJQLÀFDQWLPSDFWRQVFLHQWLÀ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ÀF SURGXFWLRQ E\ 6SDQLVK XQLYHUVLWLHV FDQ EH DWWULEXWHG WR D KLJKHU SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ UHVHDUFK QHWZRUNV ZH estimated a panel data model with the number of published articles per university DQGSHULRGDVWKHHQGRJHQRXVYDULDEOH7RDYRLGH[FHVVLYHYDULDWLRQLQ\HDUO\GDWDZH HVWLPDWHGWKHSDQHODJJUHJDWLQJWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLQWRIRXUVXESHULRGV DQG7KHPRGHOZDVVSHFLÀHGDVIROORZV Yij = E Xij + D1 U1 + D U + J1 Y + + J Y + Vij 127 Ecos de Economía Universidad EAFIT 1$xRHQHURMXQLR Table 1 Descriptive statistics of research collaborations 1994-2004 1994-1999 2000-2004 Published articles Co-authored articles International collaborations &ROODERUDWLRQVZLWKRWKHU6SDQLVKLQVWLWXWLRQV Collaborations within the same institution where Yij is the number of published articles by university i in each subperiod j, Xij is the number of co-authored articles produced by university i in subperiod jZLWKLQWKHVDPH LQVWLWXWLRQRUZLWKRWKHU6SDQLVKRULQWHUQDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQVDQGUi and Yj are dummies DFFRXQWLQJUHVSHFWLYHO\IRUXQLYHUVLW\DQGWLPHÀ[HGHIIHFWV)LQDOO\Vij includes all nonREVHUYDEOH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV 7KH 2/6 HVWLPDWHV RI PRGHO DUH VKRZQ LQ WDEOH $V ZHVHHLQFROXPQRIWDEOHWKHFRHIÀFLHQWDVVRFLDWHGZLWKFRDXWKRUHGDUWLFOHVLV SRVLWLYHDQGVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQW7KHUHVXOWVLQFROXPQVKRZWKHUHODWLYHLPSRUWDQFH RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO FROODERUDWLRQV DQG FROODERUDWLRQV ZLWK RWKHU 6SDQLVK LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG ZLWKLQ WKH VDPH LQVWLWXWLRQ 7KH DVVRFLDWHG FRHIÀFLHQWV DUH DJDLQ SRVLWLYH DQG VWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQW,QDOOFDVHVWKHFRHIÀFLHQWVDUHVLJQLÀFDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQRQH7KH results obtained with this model show that the positive impact of collaborations varies depending on the type: collaborations between different universities have a greater LPSDFWRQWKHSURGXFWLRQOHYHOWKDQWKRVHFDUULHGRXWZLWKLQWKHVDPHXQLYHUVLW\ Table 2 3DQHOHVWLPDWHVRIPRGHO 6KDUHRIFRDXWKRUHGDUWLFOHV 6KDUHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOFROODERUDWLRQs 6KDUHRIFROODERUDWLRQVZLWKRWKHU6SDQLVKLQVWLWXWLRQV 6KDUHRIFROODERUDWLRQVZLWKLQWKHVDPHLQVWLWXWLRQ $GMXVWHG5 Published articles (VWLPDWHGFRHIÀFLHQWVDQGVWDQGDUGHUURUVLQSDUHQWKHVHV$OOPRGHOVLQFOXGHWLPHDQGXQLYHUVLW\ À[HGHIIHFWV 128 5HVHDUFKQHWZRUNVDQGVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQ(FRQRPLFV7KHUHFHQW6SDQLVK([SHULHQFH -8$1&$5/26'848( 5$Ó/5$026 9,&(17(52<8(/$ Collaborations with other 6SDQLVK XQLYHUVLWLHV KDYH WKH KLJKHVW FRHIÀFLHQW LQ WKH GLVDJJUHJDWHGPRGHO,WLVSDUWLFXODUO\LQWHUHVWLQJWRORRNDWWKHVKDSHRIWKHVHQHWZRUNV )LJXUHVDQGGHVFULEHWKHQHWZRUNVZLWKQRGHVUHSUHVHQWLQJXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGOLQNV LQGLFDWLQJ FROODERUDWLRQV LQ PRUH WKDQ WZR DUWLFOHV EHWZHHQ DQG ÀJXUH DQGIRUWKHVXESHULRGVDQGÀJXUHVDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\ )RXUXQLYHUVLWLHVVWDQGRXWLQÀJXUHDVLPSRUWDQW´FROODERUDWLYHQRGHVµ8QLYHUVLGDG &DUORV ,,, GH 0DGULG 8&0 8QLYHUVLWDW $XWzQRPD GH %DUFHORQD 8$% 8QLYHUVLGDG &RPSOXWHQVHGH0DGULG8&0DQG8QLYHUVLWDW3RPSHX)DEUD83)6RPHOLQNVWKDWVKRZ a strong relationship between pairs of universities, for example between Universidad GH=DUDJR]D81,=$5DQG8QLYHUVLGDG3~EOLFDGH1DYDUUD831ZLWKMRLQWDUWLFOHV EHWZHHQ8QLYHUVLGDG3RPSHX)DEUD83)DQG8QLYHUVLGDG&DUORV,,,8&0ZLWK DQG EHWZHHQ 8QLYHUVLGDG &RPSOXWHQVH GH 0DGULG 8&0 DQG 8QLYHUVLGDG &DUORV ,,, 8&0ZLWKWHQ $FRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQÀJXUHVDQGLQGLFDWHVWKDWWKHVHFROODERUDWLRQVZHUHPRUH LQWHQVHGXULQJWKHSHULRG%HWZHHQDQGRQO\HLJKWXQLYHUVLWLHV SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ FROODERUDWLYH SXEOLFDWLRQV 8QLYHUVLGDG 3~EOLFD GH 1DYDUUD 831 DQG 8QLYHUVLGDGGH=DUDJR]D81,=$5DUHWKHPRVWSUROLÀFRYHUDOOZLWKHLJKWFROODERUDWLRQV 7KH QHWZRUN ORRNV YHU\ GLIIHUHQW IRU WKH SHULRG ZKHUH WKH UHODWLRQVKLSV between universities become more intricate and intense; however the universities which VWRRGRXWLQLWLDOO\PDLQWDLQWKHLUSUHGRPLQDQWSRVLWLRQV7KLVUHLQIRUFHVWKHDUJXPHQWRI WKHNH\UROHRIFROODERUDWLRQVLQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIVFLHQWLÀFDUWLFOHV 129 Ecos de Economía Universidad EAFIT 1$xRHQHURMXQLR Figure 3 &RDXWKRUVKLSQHWZRUNVRIVFLHQWLÀFFROODERUDWLRQV EHWZHHQ6SDQLVKXQLYHUVLWLHV Figure 4 &RDXWKRUVKLSQHWZRUNVRIVFLHQWLÀFFROODERUDWLRQV EHWZHHQ6SDQLVKXQLYHUVLWLHV 130 5HVHDUFKQHWZRUNVDQGVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQ(FRQRPLFV7KHUHFHQW6SDQLVK([SHULHQFH -8$1&$5/26'848( 5$Ó/5$026 9,&(17(52<8(/$ Figure 5 &RDXWKRUVKLSQHWZRUNVRIVFLHQWLÀFFROODERUDWLRQV EHWZHHQ6SDQLVKXQLYHUVLWLHV &RQFOXVLRQV %HWZHHQDQG6SDQLVKUHVHDUFKLQ(FRQRPLFVH[SHULHQFHGDQRXWVWDQGLQJ JURZWK7KLVXSZDUGWUHQGZDVIROORZHGE\DQLQFUHDVHLQWKHQXPEHURIFLWDWLRQDURXQG WKHZRUOG7KHHVWLPDWLRQRIDSDQHOGDWDPRGHOVKRZVWKDWUHVHDUFKQHWZRUNVZLWKLQ WKHVDPHLQVWLWXWLRQRUZLWKRWKHU6SDQLVKRULQWHUQDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQVDUHDNH\IDFWRU WRGULYH6SDLQ·VXSZDUGWUHQGLQHFRQRPLFSURGXFWLRQ7KHRXWFRPHRIWKLVUHVHDUFKLVDQ invitation to universities in developing countries to encourage and stimulate the practice of academic co-authorships since they increase the level, quality, impact and diffusion RIVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQ )LQDOO\DQRWKHULQWHUHVWLQJÀQGLQJLQWKLVVWXG\LVWKDWUHPDUNDEOHVSHHGWRZKLFKWKH OLIHRIDQDUWLFOHLVVKRUWHQLQJ7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOIDFWRUVWKDWFRXOGH[SODLQWKLVWUHQG 131 Ecos de Economía Universidad EAFIT 1$xRHQHURMXQLR the Internet, the appeDUDQFHRIRQOLQHÀUVWDUWLFOHVWKHDFFHVVLELOLW\WRELJGDWDEDVHV DPRQJRWKHUV7KHTXDQWLÀFDWLRQRIWKHLPSDFWRIWKHVHIDFWRUVZLOOEHPDWWHURIIXUWKHU LQYHVWLJDWLRQ $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV $XWKRUV ZLVK WR WKDQN -RUGL 6XULxDFK IRU KLV KHOSIXO VXJJHVWLRQV DQG FRPPHQWV 7KH XVXDO GLVFODLPHU DSSOLHV 7KH UHVXOWV SUHVHQWHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ ZHUH SDUWLDOO\ REWDLQHG ZLWKLQ WKH IUDPHZRUN RI WKH SURMHFW ´7KH LPSDFW RI 6SDQLVK VFLHQWLÀF SXEOLFDWLRQV RQ (FRQRPLFV DQG %XVLQHVV $ ELEOLRPHWULF DQDO\VLVµ ($ E\ WKH 6SDQLVK 0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQDQG6FLHQFH5D~O5DPRVDQG9LFHQWH5R\XHODDOVRDFNQRZOHGJH WKH VXSSRUW RI WKH 6SDQLVK 0LQLVWU\ RI 6FLHQFH WKURXJK WKH SURMHFW (&2 5HIHUHQFHV %HUJDQWLQyV * 'D 5RFKD - 0 3RORPp 3 /D LQYHVWLJDFLyQ HVSDxROD HQ HFRQRPtDInvestigaciones Económicas;;9, 'RODGR - - *DUFtD5RPHUR $ =DPDUUR * 3XEOLVKLQJ 3HUIRUPDQFH LQ (FRQRPLFV6SDQLVK5DQNLQJVSpanish Economic Review, 5 )LJOLR'7UHQGVLQWKH3XEOLFDWLRQRI(PSLULFDO(FRQRPLFVJournal of Economic Perspectives, 8, .DODLW]LGDNLV30DPXQDHDV736WHQJRV7(XURSHDQ(FRQRPLFV$Q$QDO\VLV %DVHG2Q3XEOLFDWLRQVLQWKH&RUH-RXUQDOVEuropean Economic Review, 43 .DODLW]LGDNLV30DPXQDHDV736WHQJRV7Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics >'LVFXVVLRQ3DSHU@8QLYHUVLW\RI&<3586'HSDUWPHQW RI(FRQRPLFV 5DPRV 5 5R\XHOD 9 6XULxDFK - $Q DQDO\VLV RI WKH GHWHUPLQDQWV LQ (FRQRPLFV DQG %XVLQHVV SXEOLFDWLRQV E\ 6SDQLVK 8QLYHUVLWLHV EHWZHHQ DQG Scientometrics, 71 5RGUtJXH] ' 3XEOLVKLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH RI 6SDQLVK $FDGHPLFV Spanish Economic Review, 8, 132 5HVHDUFKQHWZRUNVDQGVFLHQWLÀFSURGXFWLRQLQ(FRQRPLFV7KHUHFHQW6SDQLVK([SHULHQFH -8$1&$5/26'848( 5$Ó/5$026 9,&(17(52<8(/$ 5R\XHOD95DPRV5'XTXH-&/DSURGXFFLyQFLHQWtÀFDHQHOiPELWRGH la Economía y Empresa en las universidades españolas: producción, productividad, FDOLGDGHLPSDFWRHQHOSHUtRGREstudios de Economía Aplicada, 24 6DXHU5'(VWLPDWHVRIWKH5HWXUQVWR4XDOLW\DQG&RDXWKRUVKLSLQ(FRQRPLF $FDGHPLDJournal of Political Economy, 96 6XWWHU0.RFKHU03DWWHUQVRIFRDXWKRUVKLSDPRQJHFRQRPLFVGHSDUWPHQWV LQWKH86$Applied Economics, 36, 6XULxDFK-'XTXH-&5DPRV55R\XHOD9/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQUHJLRQDOHQ (VSDxD8QDQiOLVLVELEOLRPpWULFRInvestigaciones Regionales, 1, BBBBBD/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQUHJLRQDOHQ(VSDxD5DQNLQJVGHSDtVHVLQVWLWXFLRQHV \DXWRUHVHQFLHQFLDUHJLRQDO\XUEDQDSDUDHOSHUtRGRInvestigaciones Regionales, 5, BBBBBE/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQFLHQFLDVHFRQyPLFDV\HPSUHVDULDOHVHQ(VSDxD un análisis bibliométrico [Informe elaborado dentro del Programa de Estudios y $QiOLVLV@UHI($ 6XULxDFK-'XTXH-&5R\XHOD93DWURQHVGHSXEOLFDFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDO VVFLGHORVDXWRUHVDÀOLDGRVDXQLYHUVLGDGHVHVSDxRODVHQHOiPELWRHFRQyPLFR HPSUHVDULDOEstudios de Economía Aplicada, 25 7RPED]RV&*$5HYLVLRQLVW3HUVSHFWLYHRI(XURSHDQ5HVHDUFKLQ(FRQRPLFV European Economic Review, 49 9LOODU$/DHYDOXDFLyQGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQHFRQRPtDRevista Valenciana de Economía y Hacienda, 8