DENG XIAOPING AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA*

62
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
DENG XIAOPING AND THE
TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA*
(]UD)9RJHO
%HONQDS3UHVVRI+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
(VWH OLEUR SUHVHQWD SRVLEOHPHQWH OD PiV FRPSOHWD ELRJUDItD TXH VH KD
HVFULWR VREUH 'HQJ ;LDRSLQJ HV XQR GH ORV PiV UHFLHQWHV WUDEDMRV GHO
FRQRFLGRVLQyORJRSURIHVRUHPpULWRGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH+DUYDUG(]UD
)9RJHO6HWUDWDGHXQWUDEDMRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQPHWLFXORVRDPSOLDPHQWH
GRFXPHQWDGR\PX\ELHQHVFULWRTXHRIUHFHXQDFRPSOHWDGHVFULSFLyQ
GHO OtGHU TXH IXH FDSD] GH WUDQVIRUPDU D &KLQD HQ OR SROtWLFR HQ OR
HFRQyPLFR\HQORVRFLDO$UURMDVLQGXGDPXFKDVOXFHVVREUHODKLVWRULD
UHFLHQWHGH&KLQDHQWUHRWUDVODVGLItFLOHVUHODFLRQHVFRQ0DRODJXHUUD
FRQWUD 9LHWQDP HO HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR GH UHODFLRQHV GLSORPiWLFDV FRQ ORV
(VWDGRV8QLGRVHOLQFLGHQWHHQOD3OD]DGH7LDQDQPHQ\HOYLDMHGH'HQJ
DOVXUGH&KLQDHQSDUDLPSXOVDUODUHIRUPD\ODDSHUWXUD8QOLEUR
LQGLVSHQVDEOHSDUDFRPSUHQGHUOD&KLQDDFWXDO
63
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
ON CHINA*
+HQU\.LVVLQJHU
3HQJXLQ3UHVV
(O OLEUR HVFULWR SRU TXLHQ FRPR DVLVWHQWH GHO SUHVLGHQWH 1L[RQ WXYR D VX FDUJR
HO DFHUFDPLHQWR GH ORV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV FRQ &KLQD TXH D OD SRVWUH FRQGXMR DO
HVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHUHODFLRQHVGLSORPiWLFDVHQWUHORVGRVSDtVHVHVXQH[WHQVRWUDEDMR
TXH GHVFULEH OD SROtWLFD LQWHUQD \ H[WHUQD GH &KLQD HVSHFLDOPHQWH GXUDQWH OD HUD
GH 0DR /RV SULPHURV FDStWXORV GHO OLEUR HVWiQ GHGLFDGRV D SUHVHQWDU XQ UHVXPHQ
KLVWyULFRGH&KLQDTXHOHSHUPLWDDOOHFWRUFRPSUHQGHUPHMRUXQDGHODVPiVDQWLJXDV
FLYLOL]DFLRQHVGHOPXQGRTXHIXHEUXWDOPHQWHKXPLOODGDSRU2FFLGHQWHGXUDQWHHOVLJOR
;,;/DVHFFLyQGHOOLEURGHGLFDGDDODVHQWUHYLVWDVTXHHODXWRUFLQFRHQWRWDOWXYRFRQ
0DRVRQPX\LOXVWUDWLYDV$GHPiVHOOLEURSUHVHQWDXQSDQRUDPDJHQHUDOGHODSROtWLFD
H[WHULRUGH&KLQDGXUDQWHODpSRFDGH0DR\ORVFRQÁLFWRVTXHWXYRFRQVXVYHFLQRV
FRPRODJXHUUDFRQ&RUHDODFULVLVFRQOD,QGLD\ODVWHQVLRQHVFRQOD8QLyQ6RYLpWLFD
8QOLEURVLQGXGDYDOLRVRSDUDDPSOLDU\SURIXQGL]DUORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVVREUH&KLQD
* Libros recomendados por Pablo
Echavarría Toro, director del
Centro de Estudios Asia Pacífico
de la Universidad EAFIT y el
Instituto Confucio de Medellín.
E-mail: pechavar@eafit.edu.co
64
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
KOREAN NEW YEAR’S DAY
O㍺⋶Vῂ㩫6HROODOE\:RR-LQ+DQ
.RUHDQ1HZ<HDU·V'D\LVFHOHEUDWHGRQWKHÀUVWGD\RIWKHOXQDUFDOHQGDUIRUWKH\HDU
LWZRXOGEHWKHUGRI-DQXDU\RIWKHVRODUFDOHQGDU,Q.RUHDQLWLVFDOOHG6HROODO
RU*XMHRQJ,WLVJHQHUDOO\DWKUHHGD\KROLGD\DQGLQIDFWLWLVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDQG
FHOHEUDWHGWUDGLWLRQDOKROLGD\LQ.RUHD7KHUHIRUHRQ6HROODOWKHUHDUHVSHFLÀFGUHVVHV
WR EH ZRUQ JDPHV WR EH SOD\HG IRRG WR EH VHUYHG FXVWRPVWUDGLWLRQ WR EH GRQH
6HROODOLVDIDPLO\RULHQWHGKROLGD\WKXVXVXDOO\WKHZKROHIDPLO\LQFOXGLQJDOOFRXVLQV
DUHJDWKHUHGLQWKHKRXVHRIWKHHOGHVWVRQWKLVPHDQVWKHKRXVHRIWKHIDPLO\XQLWZLWK
WKHIDWKHUZKRLVWKHHOGHVWVRQDQGJHQHUDOO\WKHZLYHVZLOOEHFHOHEUDWLQJLWZLWKWKHLU
KXVEDQGV·IDPLO\7KHFHOHEUDWLRQRIWKH1HZ<HDU·V'D\LQ.RUHDLVYHU\GLVWLQFWIURP
RWKHU$VLDQFRXQWULHVVXFKDV&KLQDDQG9LHWQDPZKLFKFHOHEUDWHVLWRQWKHVDPH
GDWH-DSDQKRZHYHUVLQFH0HLML5HVWRUDWLRQLQGRHVQRWFHOHEUDWHLWRQWKHÀUVW
GD\RIWKHOXQDUFDOHQGDUEXWUDWKHUWKHÀUVWGD\RIWKHVRODURUWKH:HVWHUQFDOHQGDU
'XULQJ WKH -DSDQHVH FRORQL]DWLRQ \HDUV XQGHU WKH -DSDQHVH SROLF\ RI
´FXOWXUDO DQQLKLODWLRQµ FHOHEUDWLQJ 6HROODO ZDV RIÀFLDOO\ IRUELGGHQ DQG .RUHDQV ZHUH
IRUFHGWRFHOHEUDWHWKH1HZ<HDU·V'D\RQWKHÀUVWGD\RIWKHVRODUFDOHQGDU,WZDVRQO\
UHVWRUHGDVDQRIÀFLDOQDWLRQDOKROLGD\LQWKH\HDURI
(VWXGLDQWHGH.\XQJ+HH8QLYHUVLW\\($),7$VLVWHQWHGHO&HQWURGH(VWXGLRV$VLD3DFtÀFR
(PDLOLL[GUZRR[LL#KRWPDLOFRP
65
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
'UHVVHV6HROELP
6HROELPVLPSO\PHDQVQHZQHZO\ERXJKW.RUHDQWUDGLWLRQDOGUHVV+DQERNWKDWLV
ZRUQE\HYHU\RQH,WLVXVXDOO\D.RUHDQWUDGLWLRQDOGUHVVZLWKIDQF\FRORUVDQGLWLV
ZRUQXQWLO'DHERUHXPRUWKHÀUVWIXOOPRRQRIWKH\HDUE\WKHOXQDUFDOHQGDU
Games and Entertainments
7KH UDSLG LQGXVWULDOL]DWLRQ DQG PRGHUQL]DWLRQ RI 6RXWK .RUHD KDV
FKDQJHGWKHJDPHVWKDWDUHSOD\HGGXULQJWKH.RUHDQ1HZ<HDU)RU
H[DPSOHLQVWHDGRIIDPLO\JDWKHULQJVRPHIDPLOLHVSUHIHUWRJRDIDPLO\
WULS WR -HMX ,VODQG +RZHYHU PDQ\ RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO JDPHV DUH VWLOO
HQMR\HGE\PDQ\DQGWKH\DUH<XWQRUL1HROWZLJL.LWHÁ\LQJ-HJLFKDJL
3DHQJLFKLJLDQG7RRKR2XWRIWKLV<XWQRULLVSUREDEO\WKHPRVWSRSXODU
,WLVDJDPHZLWKDERDUGPDODQGIRXU\XWVVWLFNVWKDWVHUYHVDVGLFHV
EXWRQO\KDVWZRVLGHVNeolttwigiLVDQRXWGRRUJDPHSOD\HGE\JLUOV
DQGZRPHQE\MXPSLQJRQHDFKHQGRIDZRRGHQORQJERDUG,WLVYHU\
VLPLODUWRVHHVDZ,WLVWUDGLWLRQDOO\FUHDWHGE\WKHZRPHQLQWKHKRXVH
ZKR ZHUH VHOGRP DOORZHG WR OHDYH WKHLU OLYLQJ FRPSRXQG H[FHSW DW
QLJKWWLPHWRVHHRYHUWKHZDOOGXULQJWKHGD\WLPH-HJLFKDJLLVDQRWKHU
SRSXODURXWGRRUJDPHZKLFKLVSOD\HGYHU\VLPLODUO\WRDKDFN\VDFN
JDPHRUWKHIRRWEDJJDPH3DHQJLFKLJLLVDOPRVWH[DFWO\VDPHDVWKH
ZHVWHUQJDPHVSLQQLQJWRSEXWXVXDOO\VSDQRQIUR]HQZDWHU7XKR is a
JDPHRIWKURZLQJDQDUURZLQWRDYDVH
7KHUH·V D SRSXODU PRGHUQ DOWKRXJK SOD\HG IRU PDQ\ \HDUV FDUG
JDPH SOD\HG RQ WKH 1HZ <HDU·V 'D\ ZKLFK LV FDOOHG +ZDWRR ZKLFK
OLWHUDOO\PHDQVDEDWWOHRIWKHÁRZHUV,WLVRULJLQDOO\D-DSDQHVHJDPH
FDUG7KLVJDPHLVGRQHE\DGXOWVRIWKHIDPLO\DQGLWLV DOVRSOD\HG
LQRWKHULPSRUWDQWFHUHPRQLHVVXFKDVIXQHUDODQG&KXVHRN.RUHDQ
7KDQNVJLYLQJ )LUHZRUNV ZHUH DOVR HQMR\HG D ORW E\ FKLOGUHQ DQG
SDUHQWVDWWKHORFDOSOD\JURXQGVDQGSDUNVEXWEHFDXVHRIGHFUHDVLQJ
RXWGRRUDFWLYLWLHVE\FKLOGUHQDQGORFDOJRYHUQPHQW·VÀUHFRQWUROLWLVQRW
YHU\HDV\WRREVHUYHWKHPDQ\PRUHLQWKHWRZQ
66
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
)RRGDQG'ULQNV6HFKDQ6HMX
)RRGLVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWSDUWVRIFHOHEUDWLQJ6HROODO
7KH PDLQ IRRG WKDW LV VHUYHG WR WKH IDPLO\ PHPEHUV FRXVLQV
UHODWLYHV QHLJKERUV DQG IULHQGV LV D VRXS FDOOHG 'GXFNJRRN
ZKLFKOLWHUDOO\PHDQV5LFHFDNH6RXS$ZKLWHDQGORQJF\OLQGHU
VKDSHGULFHFDNHLVFXWLQWRWKLQSLHFHVDQGDGGHGWRDVRXS
XVXDOO\PDGHZLWKEHHIYHJHWDEOHVDQGRWKHUVSLFHV1RUPDOO\
WKLVVSHFLÀFVRXSLVRQO\VHUYHGGXULQJWKH6HROODOKROLGD\VDQG
LWKDVDVSHFLDOPHDQLQJZKHQ\RXHDWDERZORI'GXFNJRRN
\RXDJHRQH\HDU2WKHUWUDGLWLRQDOIRRGVWKDWDUHHDWHQGXULQJ
6HROODO DUH 0DQGXJRRN GXPSOLQJ VRXS -HRQ 1DPRRO
-DSFKDH .RUHDQ 1RRGOH ZLWK YHJHWDEOHV DQG PHDW .LPFKL
DQGIUXLWV7KHUHDUHDOVREHYHUDJHVDQGGULQNVWKDWDUHVHUYHG
ZKLFK DUH 6LNK\H VZHHW ULFH EHYHUDJH 6XMHRQJJZD IUXLW
SXQFKDQG0DNJHROOLULFHDOFRKROLFGULQN
&XVWRPV&KDU\H6HEDH
7KHUHDUHWZRPRVWLPSRUWDQWFXVWRPVWKDWLVSUDFWLFHGDWHDFK
KRXVHLQ.RUHDGXULQJ6HROODODQGWKH\DUHFDOOHG&KDU\HDQG
6HEDH%RWKRIWKHPDUHVWLOOGRQHE\PRVWRIWKH.RUHDQVOLYLQJ
LQ.RUHDDQGDOVRRXWVLGH.RUHDGXULQJWKH6HROODOVHDVRQDQGLW
LVFRQVLGHUHGWREHWKHFRUHRIWKH6HROODOFHOHEUDWLRQ
67
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
Charye
&KDU\H LV D W\SH RI PHPRULDO ULWXDOV IRU WKH DQFHVWRUV
VSHFLÀFDOO\ GRQH LQ 6HROODO ,W LV XVXDOO\ GRQH E\ HYHU\ .RUHDQ
IDPLO\ QRUPDOO\ DW WKH HOGHVW VRQ·V KRXVH 7KH SXUSRVH RI
WKLV FXVWRP LV WR UHPHPEHU WKH RQHV ZKR KDYH SDVVHG DZD\
DQG LW LV SUDFWLFHG ZLWK D SURSHU WDEOH ZLWK VSHFLÀF IRRG DQG
GULQNV ZLWK H[DFW VHW UXOHV DQG V\VWHPV 7KH WDEOH LV VHW ZLWK
IRRGVDQGRWKHUWUDGLWLRQDOHOHPHQWVDQGWKHPHQRIWKHIDPLO\
LQFOXGLQJ WKH OLWWOH FKLOGUHQ SHUIRUPV MHRO ZKLFK LV FRQVLGHUHG
WR EH WKH PRVW IRUPDO DQG UHVSHFWIXO ERZ WRZDUGV WKH WDEOH
2ULJLQDOO\LWLVEHOLHYHGE\WKH.RUHDQSHRSOHWKDWWKHVRXOVRI
WKHDQFHVWRUVZLOOFRPHWRWKHFHUHPRQ\DQGHQMR\WKHIRRG,Q
DQH[FKDQJHWKHOLYLQJIDPLO\PHPEHUVZLVKWRWKHVRXOVRIWKH
DQFHVWRUV WR ORRN DIWHU WKHP IRU VDIHW\ ZHDOWK DQG SURVSHULW\
IRUWKH1HZ<HDU)RUWKLVUHDVRQ3URWHVWDQW&KULVWLDQVLQ6RXWK
.RUHD ZKLFK LV WKH PRVW EHOLHYHG UHOLJLRQ LQ .RUHD GRHV QRW
SUDFWLFH &KDU\H +RZHYHU %XGGKLVWV DQG &DWKROLF &KULVWLDQV
WKH VHFRQG DQG WKLUG PRVW EHOLHYHG VWLOO SUDFWLFH LW 7KHUH DUH
RWKHUW\SHVRIDQFHVWUDOULWXDOVWKDWDUHSUDFWLFHGUHJXODUO\EXW
WKHPRVWFRPPRQRQHZRXOGEHJLMHVDRUMHVDZKLFKLVGRQH
RQ WKH DQQLYHUVDU\ RI WKH GHDG IDPLO\ PHPEHUV +RZHYHU WKH
GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ&KDU\HDQGMHVDLVWKDWLQ&KDU\HLWLVPRUH
IRFXVHGRQZLVKLQJWKHVDIHW\RIWKHIDPLO\PHPEHUVIRUWKH1HZ
<HDUZKHUHDVJesaLVIRFXVHGRQUHVSHFWLQJUHPHPEHULQJDQG
PLVVLQJWKHGHDGIDPLO\PHPEHUWKXVWKHDWPRVSKHUHRIWKH
ULWXDOLVPXFKOHVVHQWKXVLDVWLFRUMR\IXO
Sebae
6HEDHOLWHUDOO\PHDQVWKH´1HZ<HDUV%RZµ,WLVDOVRDW\SHRIMHRO
EXWSHUIRUPHGGLIIHUHQWO\IURPWKHRQHIRUWKH&KDU\HRU-HVDVLQFH
LWLVIRUWKHOLYLQJHOGHUVLQVWHDGRIGHDGDQFHVWRUV7KLV1HZ<HDU·V
JUHHWLQJLVGRQHE\WKHFKLOGUHQRIWKHIDPLO\WRWKHHOGHUVDQGROG
DGXOWVRIWKHIDPLO\WRZLVKWKHPJRRGIRUWXQHORQJOLIHDQGKHDOWK
7KH VSHFLÀF SKUDVH WKDW FKLOGUHQ XVH DV WKH\ ERZ LV ´6DH KDH
ERNPDQQLEDGHXVDH\RµZKLFKPHDQV´,ZLVK\RXWRKDYHJRRG
IRUWXQHIRUWKHQHZ\HDUµ7KLVLVWKHPRVWSRSXODUDQGHQMR\DEOH
SUDFWLFH GXULQJ WKH 6HROODO +ROLGD\V HVSHFLDOO\ IRU WKH FKLOGUHQ
EHFDXVH JHQHUDOO\ WKH\ UHFHLYH SRFNHW PRQH\ LQ UHWXUQ 7KXV
WKH JRDO RI WKH FKLOGUHQ LV WR ÀQG DV PDQ\ UHODWLYHV DV SRVVLEOH
WRJLYHERZVDQGUHFHLYHPRUHPRQH\7KHNLGVXVXDOO\FRPSDUH
ZLWK WKHLU FRXVLQV DQG IULHQGV WKH DPRXQW RI SRFNHW PRQH\ WKH\
KDYH UHFHLYHG +RZHYHU XVXDOO\ WKH PRPV RI WKH FKLOGUHQ NHHS
WKH PRQH\ UHFHLYHG E\ WKH FKLOGUHQ DQG EX\ WKHP D WR\ RU RWKHU
WKLQJVWKDWGRHVQRWUHDOO\PDWFKWKHDPRXQWRIPRQH\WKH\KDYH
WDNHQ DZD\ $IWHU WKH ERZ DQG EHIRUH UHFHLYLQJ WKH PRQH\ WKH
ERZUHFHLYLQJ HOGHUV JLYH 'HRNGDP WR WKH ERZHUV ZKLFK LV D
ZLVHWHDFKLQJVDQGDGYLFHVWRWKHFKLOGUHQDQG\RXQJHURQHVWKDW
FRPHVWKHOLIHH[SHULHQFH6HEDHLVDOVRSHUIRUPHGE\DGXOWVWRWKH
HOGHUVEXWWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHPRQH\LVUDWKHUWRZDUGVWKHHOGHUV
IURPWKH\RXQJHUDGXOWV6HEDHLVWKHPRPHQWZKHUHHYHU\IDPLO\
PHPEHUJDWKHUVDQGLWLVWKHPRVWHQMR\DEOHFHUHPRQ\ZLWKIXOORI
ODXJKWHUDQGLQWHJULW\RIWKHIDPLO\
68
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
Daemok
'DHPRN LV XVXDOO\ D ZHHN EHIRUH WKH 1HZ <HDU·V 'D\ DQG LW
LV WKH UXVK KROLGD\ VHDVRQ IRU WKH VKRSSHUV 7KH VKRSSLQJ LV
FRQFHQWUDWHGLQWUDGLWLRQDOPDUNHWVELJVKRSSLQJFHQWHUVDQG
JURFHU\ PDUNHWV IRU EX\LQJ LQJUHGLHQWV IRU IRRG SUHVHQWV IRU
SDUHQWVFKLOGUHQQHLJKERUVDQGHVSHFLDOO\LPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDO
FRQQHFWLRQVVXFKDVSURIHVVRUVSDVWWHDFKHUVEXVLQHVVFOLHQWV
ERVVIURPZRUNEX\HUVLPSRUWDQWSROLWLFDOÀJXUHVDQGRWKHUV
2IÀFLDO OHWWHUV DUH VHQW DORQJ ZLWK WKH SUHVHQWV ZLWK SLFWXUHV
RU SDLQWLQJ RI FUDQH RQH RI WKH 6KLSMDQJVDHQJ HOHPHQWV DQG
DQLPDOVRIHDUWKWKDWKDVORQJOLYHV7KHUHIRUHWKLVLVWKHVHDVRQ
ZKHQ LW LV WKH EXVLHVW LQ WKH VKRSSLQJ GLVWULFWV DQG WUDGLWLRQDO
PDUNHWV LQ .RUHD DQG ZKHQ SHRSOH VSHQG D KXJH DPRXQW RI
PRQH\LQDVLQJOHZHHN
7UDIÀF
7KH FDU WUDIÀF GXULQJ WKH 6HROODO KROLGD\ LV FRQVLGHUHG RQH RI
WKH ZRUVW 7KLV LV EHFDXVH PDQ\ SHRSOH WUDYHO RXWVLGH 6HRXO
0HWURSROLWDQ DUHD FRPPRQO\ FDOOHG JRK\DQJ KRPHWRZQ
RU VKLJRO FRXQWU\VLGH WR YLVLW WKHLU ROG SDUHQWV 7KXV PDQ\
SHRSOH EX\ WUDLQ WLFNHWV EXV WLFNHWV DQG HWF 7KRXVDQGV DQG
WKRXVDQGVRIFDUVSDVVWKURXJKWKH6HRXOWROOJDWHDQGWKHWUDIÀF
ZLOOQRWPRYHVRPHWLPHVIRUKRXUV7KXVVRPHIDPLOLHVYLVLWWKHLU
JRK\DQJDZHHNEHIRUHWRDYRLGWKHKHDY\WUDIÀFRQWKHKLJKZD\
Misión TICs a Corea del Sur
El Centro de Estudios Asia Pacífico de la Universidad EAFIT llevará a cabo entre el 12 y el 23 de Mayo
del 2012 una misión empresarial a Corea del Sur con la participación de companías de Medellín,
Bogotá y Manizales. La visita a Corea se organizó en colaboración con Proexport, Ruta N y el Cluster
TICs de la Cámara de Comercio de Medellín. La misión busca que los empresarios del sector de las
TICS, particularmente aquellos interesados en el desarrollo de aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles. La
misión busca que los empresarios puedan conocer las últimas tecnologías en el sector, visitar el Cluster
de Daejeon conocido con el Silicon Valley de Corea y comprender los esquemas de asociatividad en el
sector de modo que pueda fortalecerse la cooperación entre las empresas locales. Esta misión es de
gran importancia considerando la negociación del tratado de libre comercio con Corea y la relevancia que
el gobierno nacional le ha dado a este sector al incluirlo como una de las actividades promovidas por el
Programa de Transformación Productiva.
Mayor información:
Centro de Estudios Asia Pacífico
Teléfono: 261 9500 ext. 9832
www.eafit.edu.co/asiapacifico
69
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
KOREAN FAIRS
1RYHPEHU²0D\
2011 UniversityIndustry Cooperation
Expo.
QG1RY
WK1RY
&2(;6HRXO
KWWSZZZXLFH[SR
RUJLQGH[KWP
Exposition of new technologies
and inventions from Universities in
.RUHDDQGVWXGHQWHQWUHSUHQHXUV
The 9th Gyeonggi
International Travel
Mart 2011
8th Dec. 2011
11th Dec. 2011
.,17(;*R\DQJ
KWWSZZZJLWPRUNU
Business space for exhibition of
tourism products from Gyeonggi
Province.
International Energy
Saving Expo &
Conference
15th Feb.2012
17th Feb. 2012
.,17(;*R\DQJ
KWWSZZZ
VDYHHQHUJ\H[SRFRP
Expo Solar
15th Feb. 2012
17th Feb. 2012
.,17(;*R\DQJ
KWWSH[SRVRODURUJ
$VLD·VODUJHVWVRODUHQHUJ\
exhibition
International Textile
Fair 2012
7th Mar. 2012
9th Mar. 2012
(;&2'DHJX
KWWSZZZSUHYLHZLQFRP
International Fair on textile
industry and business.
International Green
Energy Expo Korea
2012
28th Mar. 2012
30th Mar. 2012
(;&2'DHJX
KWWSZZZHQHUJ\H[SR
FRNUHQJ
Exposition on renewable, PV, and
Wind Power.
World IT Show 2012
15th May 2012
18th May 2012
&2(;6HRXO
KWWSZZZZRUOGLWVKRZ
FRNU
The premier event where
worldwide IT corporations come
together to present their latest
products and services.
2012 Seoul Changup
Biz Expo
31th May 2012
2nd Jun. 2012
SETEC, Seoul
KWWS\HVH[SRFRNU
Exposition for new entrepreneurs.
2012 Yeosu Expo
12th May 2012
12th Aug. 2012
1HZ3RUWDUHD
in Yeosu
KWWSHQJH[SRNU
main.html
International Expo on function and
value of the ocean and coast.
Exposition and conference about
energy saving and clean and
renewable technologies.
70
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
EVENTOS CULTURALES
EN AUSTRALIA
Sídney, Nueva Gales del Sur
6H SXHGH GLVIUXWDU GH OD HQHUJtD \ HVWLOR ~QLFRV GH OD FLXGDG DVt FRPR GH REUDV
WHDWUDOHVDFWXDFLRQHVPXVLFDOHVGDQ]D\DUWHVYLVXDOHVHQHO)HVWLYDOGH6tGQH\HQ
HQHUR (O YDULDGR SURJUDPD GH WUHV VHPDQDV GH GXUDFLyQ FRPLHQ]D FRQ OD SULPHUD
QRFKH GHO IHVWLYDO )HVWLYDO )LUVW 1LJKW XQD ÀHVWD FDOOHMHUD EXOOLFLRVD FHOHEUDGD HQ
YDULDVLQVWDODFLRQHV\HVFHQDULRV6HSXHGHDVLVWLUDDOJXQDVGHODVDFWXDFLRQHVGH
ORV QXPHURVRV DUWLVWDV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV \ DXVWUDOLDQRV HQ ORV OXJDUHV UHSUHVHQWDWLYRV
GHODFLXGDGHQWUHORVTXHHVWiQHO7HDWURGH6tGQH\&DUULDJH:RUNVHO&LW\5HFLWDO
+DOO\ODÐSHUDGH6tGQH\'XUDQWHHVWHIHVWLYDOVHUHDOL]DQFLHQWRVGHHYHQWRVHQWUH
ORVTXHVHLQFOX\HQFRQFLHUWRVVLQIyQLFRV\GHMD]]JUDWXLWRVDODLUHOLEUHHQHO'RPDLQ
\ IXQFLRQHV WRGDV ODV QRFKHV HQ HO +\GH 3DUN %DUUDFDV )HVWLYDO %DU DGHPiV GHO
)HVWLYDOGH(VFULWRUHVGH6tGQH\HQPD\R\GLVIUXWHGHODPHMRUJDVWURQRPtD\GHODUWH
DODLUHOLEUHHQ&UDYHHQHOPHVGHRFWXEUH
Melbourne, Victoria
(VWDFLXGDGSHUPLWHGLVIUXWDUGHXQDPiJLFDLQPHUVLyQFXOWXUDOHQHO)HVWLYDOGHO$UWH
,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH0HOERXUQHTXHVHFHOHEUDDORODUJRGHGLHFLVLHWHGtDVHQRFWXEUH9HU
DFWXDFLRQHVDODLUHOLEUH\HVFXFKDUFyPRODVFDPSDQDVGHODFLXGDGWDxHQDODYH]
HQODÀHVWDGHLQDXJXUDFLyQTXHFRQVWDGHWUHVSDUWHV\VHFHOHEUDGXUDQWHHOÀQGH
VHPDQD6HSXHGHDVLVWLUDHVWUHQRVDXVWUDOLDQRVHLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHREUDVGHWHDWUR
GDQ]DP~VLFDySHUDDUWHVYLVXDOHV\SUHVHQWDFLRQHVPXOWLPHGLD/RVOXJDUHVGRQGH
VHSRGUiGLVIUXWDUGHHVWRVHYHQWRVVRQGLYHUVRV\DTXHDEDUFDQGHVGHORV-DUGLQHV
%RWiQLFRVGH0HOERXUQHKDVWDORVWHDWURVSHTXHxRVGH)LW]UR\HO&HQWURGHODV$UWHV
GH6RXWKEDQN\ODLPSUHVLRQDQWH)HGHUDWLRQ6TXDUH(QPDU]RODFLXGDGVHHQWUHJD
DORVSODFHUHVJDVWURQyPLFRVHQHO)HVWLYDOGH*DVWURQRPtD\(QRORJtDGH0HOERXUQH
'LVIUXWDUGHXQDFHQDHQODVFDOOHV\D]RWHDVSDUWLFLSDUHQODFRPLGDPiVSURORQJDGD
GHOPXQGR\DVLVWLUDXQDFODVHPDJLVWUDOGHFRFLQDSRUQRPEUDUDOJXQRVGHORV
HYHQWRVTXHHVWHIHVWLYDORIUHFHGXUDQWHGLHFLVpLVGtDV
71
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
Brisbane, Queensland
%ULVEDQH SHUPLWH D VXV YLVLWDQWHV FRQWHPSODU ODV FRORULGDV HVWHODV GH ORV IXHJRV
DUWLÀFLDOHV TXH VH GLVSDUDQ HQ HO 6WRU\ %ULGJH FRQ PRWLYR GH OD LQDXJXUDFLyQ GHO
)HVWLYDOGH%ULVEDQHTXHVHFHOHEUDGHVGHPHGLDGRVGHVHSWLHPEUHKDVWDSULQFLSLRV
GHRFWXEUH(VWDQVRORXQRGHORVHYHQWRVGHVWDFDGRVGHXQSURJUDPDUHSOHWRGH
DFWLYLGDGHV HQ ORV FLHORV WHDWURV MDUGLQHV \ ULEHUDV GH OD FLXGDG GH %ULVEDQH 3RU
OD QRFKH SHUPLWH DVLVWLU D OD ÀHVWD GH LQDXJXUDFLyQ TXH WLHQH OXJDU HQ OD FDUSD GH
4XHHQVODQG $OWHUQD HQWUH DFWXDFLRQHV FLUFHQVHV \ SUHVHQWDFLRQHV PXOWLPHGLD HQ
SDQWDOODV GH SODVPD \ ODV SURGXFFLRQHV PiV UHFLHQWHV GHO %DOOHW GH 4XHHQVODQG
DGHPiVGHGLVIUXWDUGHDFWXDFLRQHVGHFDQWDQWHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVFRPR&KULV,VDDN
RUHFRUUHUHOIHVWLYDOGRQGHSRGUiHQFRQWUDUHVSHFWiFXORVGHFRPHGLDFDEDUHWPDJLD
\UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGHOIHVWLYDODOWHUQDWLYR(QWUHORVUHFLQWRVGRQGHWHQGUiQOXJDUODV
DFWXDFLRQHVVHLQFOX\HQORV-DUGLQHV%RWiQLFRVGHODFLXGDGOD3RZHUKRXVHHQ1HZ
)DUP\HO&HQWUR&XOWXUDOGH4XHHQVODQGHQ6RXWK%DQN
Adelaida, Australia Meridional
'HVSHUWDUORVVHQWLGRVDUWtVWLFRVHQOD%LHQDOGH$GHODLGDTXHVHFHOHEUDGHVGHHO
GHIHEUHURKDVWDHOGHPDU]RGHFDGDDxR'HVGHVXSULPHUDHGLFLyQHQOD
%LHQDOHVXQRGHORVHYHQWRVGHGLFDGRVDODUWHPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHOPXQGRFRQXQD
DUUDLJDGDWUDGLFLyQGHLQQRYDFLyQ3RUODQRFKHEDLODUDOULWPRGHODVFDQFLRQHVTXH
SLQFKDQ ORV '- HQ OD JUDQ ÀHVWD GH LQDXJXUDFLyQ R HQ HO FOXE QRFWXUQR GHO IHVWLYDO
'LVIUXWDU GH REUDV GH WHDWUR \ H[SRVLFLRQHV GH DUWH DFWXDFLRQHV GH FDQWDQWHV \
FRQFLHUWRVVLQIyQLFRVHVSHFWiFXORVGHGDQ]D\SUR\HFFLRQHVGHSHOtFXODV6HGHEH
SUHVHQFLDUFyPRHOFLUFRLQYDGHODFLXGDGGH$GHODLGD\DTXHPDODEDULVWDVPDJRV
DFUyEDWDVHVFDSLVWDVWUDSHFLVWDV\FyPLFRVWRPDQOLWHUDOPHQWHODVFDOOHV$VLVWLUD
IRURVGHDXWRUHVHQOD6HPDQDGHORV(VFULWRUHVGH$GHODLGDHOHYHQWROLWHUDULRPiV
LPSRUWDQWHGHOPXQGR(VWHIHVWLYDOVHFHOHEUDHQUHFLQWRVFXELHUWRV\DODLUHOLEUHHQ
ORVDOUHGHGRUHVGHO$GHODLGH)HVWLYDO&HQWUH\HQORVSDUTXHVGHODFLXGDG
Perth, Australia Occidental
9LYLUHOYHUDQRHQHO)HVWLYDOGHO$UWH,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3HUWKHVXQDH[FHOHQWHRSFLyQ
GHVGHHOGHIHEUHURKDVWDHOGHPDU]RGH(OIHVWLYDOUH~QHDORVSULQFLSDOHV
DUWLVWDVGH$XVWUDOLD\DDUWLVWDVGHUHQRPEUHLQWHUQDFLRQDOHQUHFLQWRVGHODFLXGDG
/DVREUDVGHWHDWURPRGHUQR\GDQ]DFRQWHPSRUiQHDREUDVGHWHDWURFOiVLFR\EDOOHW
FOiVLFR(VFXFKDUVLQIRQtDVRGLVIUXWDUGHODP~VLFDGHJUXSRVHQYLYRHQHOEDUGHO
IHVWLYDOTXHDEUHSRUODQRFKH6HSXHGHDVLVWLUDFKDUODVGHDUWLVWDV\FRQWHPSODUXQ
JUDQQ~PHURGHH[SRVLFLRQHVGHDUWHVYLVXDOHVHQJDOHUtDVFXELHUWDV\DODLUHOLEUH9HU
SHOtFXODVEDMRODVHVWUHOODVRGLVIUXWDUGHODSDVLyQSRUODHVFULWXUDODQDUUDFLyQ\HO
LQWHUFDPELRGHLGHDVHQHO)HVWLYDOGH(VFULWRUHVGH3HUWK(OSURJUDPDGHXQDVHPDQD
GHGXUDFLyQFXHQWDFRQPiVGHFLHQHYHQWRVOLWHUDULRVHQWUHORVTXHVHLQFOX\HXQGtD
GHGLFDGRDORVQLxRV
72
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
Darwin, Territorio del Norte
&HOHEUDUHOFDORUGHOYHUDQRHQLQYLHUQRHQHO)HVWLYDOGH'DUZLQXQIHVWLYDO
GHGLFDGRDYDULDVDUWHVTXHVHFHOHEUDHQDJRVWRGXUDQWHGLHFLRFKRGtDV
(VWHIHVWLYDOUH~QHDDUWLVWDVGHWRGRVORVULQFRQHVGHOPXQGRHQORVWHDWURV
\ORVMDUGLQHVWURSLFDOHVGH'DUZLQGRQGHSRGUiGLVIUXWDUGHP~VLFDGDQ]D
WHDWURFRPHGLDFDEDUHWSHOtFXODV\DUWHVYLVXDOHV3HUPLWHGLVIUXWDUGHOFRQFLHUWRGHP~VLFDDODLUHOLEUHGHEDMRGHORViUEROHVLOXPLQDGRVFRQIDUROHVGH
ORV-DUGLQHV%RWiQLFRVGH*HRUJH%URZQ(FKDUXQYLVWD]RDORVOLHQ]RVFRPELQDGRVGHDUWLVWDVSURFHGHQWHVGHOD7LHUUDGH$UKQHPODV,VODVGHOHVWUHFKR
GH7RUUHV\.LPEHUOH\HQODIHULDGHODUWHDERULJHQ6HSXHGHJR]DUHQJUDQGH
FRQODVDFWXDFLRQHVGHFyPLFRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV\REVHUYDUGLVWLQWRVHVWLORVGH
GDQ]DGHWRGRVORVULQFRQHVGHOPXQGR3UREDUODVHVSHFLDOLGDGHVGHORVPHMRUHVUHVWDXUDQWHVGH'DUZLQGLVIUXWDUGHODVREUDVGUDPiWLFDVPiVLQWHQVDV
\GHDFWXDFLRQHVVXJHUHQWHVGHMD]]FDEDUHW\HVSHFWiFXORVGHYDULHGDGHV
Canberra, Territorio de la Capital Australiana
5HFLELUHODxRFRQHQWXVLDVPRHQHO6XPPHUQDWV&DU)HVWLYDOGH&DQEHUUDGHO
DOGHHQHURGHFDGDDxRHVXQDRSFLyQSDUDORVYLVLWDQWHVXQDH[SRVLFLyQ
GH DOWR FLOLQGUDMH GH DXWRPyYLOHV GH FDUUHUDV SHTXHxRV DXWRPyYLOHV
GHSRUWLYRVDXWRPyYLOHVGHDOWRUHQGLPLHQWR\RWURVYHKtFXORVHVSHFLDOHV9HU
GHFHUFDODVUXHGDVHQDFFLyQHQHO%XUQRXW0DVWHUV\FRQRFHUODSRWHQFLD
GH ORV DXWRPyYLOHV HQ XQ FHQWUR GH UHSDUDFLyQ HVSHFLDO GH YHKtFXORV 6HU
WHVWLJRGHODSUHVHQWDFLyQGHRFKRVDXWRPyYLOHVGHpOLWHQXHYRVGXUDQWHOD
HQWUHJDGHORVSUHPLRV6WUHHW0DFKLQH&DURIWKH<HDU&HOHEUDUODGLYHUVLGDG
PXOWLFXOWXUDO GH $XVWUDOLD HQ HO )HVWLYDO 1DFLRQDO 0XOWLFXOWXUDO GH &DQEHUUD
TXHVHFHOHEUDHQIHEUHURGXUDQWHGLH]GtDV
/RVGHSRUWHVVRQDOJRYHUGDGHUDPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHHQ$XVWUDOLD0HOERXUQH
HVVXHSLFHQWURHQHVWHOXJDUVHUHDOL]DQGRVHYHQWRVGHLPSRUWDQFLDPXQGLDO
HQHQHURVHSXHGHSUHVHQFLDUHO´$XVWUDOLDQ2SHQµGHWHQLV\HOJUDQSUHPLR
GHIyUPXODXQRHQPDU]R
73
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
EVENTOS CULTURALES
EN SINGAPUR
‡ Marzo 9 al 1 de abril de 2012
'LVIUXWHGHXQGHVSOLHJXHGHOXFHVHQHOFRPSOHMR0DULQD%D\
‡ Marzo de 2012
9LYD OD H[SHULHQFLD GHO 0RVDLFR 0XVLF )HVWLYDO TXH UH~QH DUWLVWDV GH GLYHUVRV
JpQHURVPXVLFDOHV
'LVIUXWHGHOPXVLFDO´:LFNHGµDFODPDGDREUDGH%URDGZD\VREUHODVEUXMDVGH
2]HQHOWHDWURGH0DULQD%D\VDQGV
‡ Marzo 16 al 29 de abril de 2012
'LVIUXWHGHXQRGHORVHYHQWRVPDVLPSRUWDQWHVGHOPXQGRGHODPRGDGXUDQWH
VHLVVHPDQDVFRQR]FDODVXOWLPDVWHQGHQFLDVGHODWHPSRUDGDSULPDYHUDYHUDQR
74
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
‡ Abril 25 al 8 de mayo de 2012
'LVIUXWHGHODFRPLGDJRXUPHWHQHOHQFXHQWURGHFKHIVDQXDOGHFKHIV
‡ Junio 6 de 2012
(OGHMXQLRREVHUYHODFDUUHUDGHERWHVGHGUDJRQHV
([KLELFLyQGHORVJXHUUHURVGH7HUUDFRWDHQVXSULPHUDJLUDSRUHOVXGHVWH
DVLiWLFR
‡
Octubre 29 de 2011 al 1 de abril de 2012
Titanic: The Artifact Exhibition
'HVSXpVGHFDVLDxRVGHKDEHUQDXIUDJDGRVHH[KLELUiQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDUWHIDFWRVGHO7LWDQLFTXHIXHURQUHVFDWDGRVGHODVSURIXQGLGDGHVGHO$WOiQWLFRQRUWHGHHOORVQXQFDDQWHVYLVWRV3RGUiDSUHFLDUVHHQHO$UW6FLHQFH0XVHXPHQ0DULQD%D\6DQGV
Más información en:
KWWSDSSZZZVJHYHQWVDVS[
KWWSZZZ\RXUVLQJDSRUHFRPFRQWHQWWUDYHOOHUHQEURZVHZKDWVRQKWPO
75
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
LAS QUEMADURAS PROVOCADAS
POR EL IMPERIO DEL SOL
3RU
Susana Ramírez Ortiz*
Resumen
(OVLJXLHQWHHQVD\REDVDGRHQODQRYHOD´/DVRUTXtGHDVURMDVGH6KDQJKDLµ
REUDGHODHVFULWRUD\SHULRGLVWDIUDQFHVD-XOLHWWH0RULOORWSUHWHQGHH[SOLFDU
SRUTXpODVTXHPDGXUDVSURYRFDGDVSRUHOLPSHULRGHOVROQDFLHQWHVRQKHULGDVGLItFLOHVGHGHVYDQHFHUGHODPHPRULDGHORVSDtVHVTXHFD\HURQEDMR
HO\XJRQLSyQ
Palabras Claves
-DSyQ,PSHULR&RUHD&KLQD6XGHVWH$VLiWLFR*XHUUD
'HVSXpVGHPiVGHGRVVLJORVGHSD]HDLVODPLHQWRYROXQWDULRSRUSDUWHGH
-DSyQHVWpDUFKLSLpODJRHPHUJHFRQODUHVWDXUDFLyQGHOHPSHUDGRU0HLMLHQ
HQFRQWUDQGRDXQPXQGRGRPLQDGRSRUODVSRWHQFLDVFRORQL]DGRUDV
GH RFFLGHQWH 'HVGH HQWRQFHV -DSyQ FRPLHQ]D XQ FUHFLHQWH SURFHVR GH
PRGHUQL]DFLyQSDUDVHUUHFRQRFLGRFRPRODSRWHQFLDDVLiWLFDPiVLPSRUWDQWH(QODJXHUUD6LQR-DSRQHVDPDUFDHOLQLFLRGHXQDVDQJULHQWD
FDPSDxDLPSHULDOTXHVHH[WLHQGHKDVWDFXDQGRWHUPLQDOD6HJXQGD
*XHUUD0XQGLDO$PiVGHVHVHQWDDxRVGHWHUPLQDGDODRIHQVLYD-DSyQQR
KDORJUDGRUHFXSHUDUODFRQÀDQ]DGHVXVYHFLQRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHGH&RUHD\
&KLQDDSHVDUGHDOJXQRVHVIXHU]RVGLSORPiWLFRV
* (VWXGLDQWHGH1HJRFLRV,QWHUQDFLRQDOHV
de la Universidad EAFIT con énfasis en
internacionalización de la empresa
E-mail: sramir27@eafit.edu.co
76
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
(OVLJXLHQWHHQVD\RSUHWHQGHUHYHODUDWUDYpVGHXQUHFRUULGRSRUODYLGD
GH.LP6DQJPLSURWDJRQLVWDGHODQRYHOD´/DVRUTXtGHDVURMDVGH6KDQJKDLµ
REUDGH-XOLHWWH0RULOORWHVFULWRUD\SHULRGLVWDIUDQFHVDFRQJUDQH[SHULHQFLD
HQWHPDVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQ&RUHDTXLHQQRVUHODWDXQDFUXHOKLVWRULDVREUH
ODVKXPLOODFLRQHV\HOSURFHVRGHFRORQL]DFLyQTXHYLYLy&RUHDHQPDQRVGH
-DSyQHQWUHORVDxRV\
6DQJPL QDFLy HQ HQ XQD &RUHD GRPLQDGD SRU -DSyQ TXH GHVGHTXHORJUyODDQH[LyQGHHVWDSHQtQVXODDVXWHUULWRULRHQ0DU]RGH
´SURFHGLyDORJUDUODVXERUGLQDFLyQGH&RUHDHQWRGRVORVRUGHQHVGHODYLGD
SROtWLFDHFRQyPLFD\VRFLDOµ/HyQUHDOL]DQGRDFWRVKXPLOODQWHVH
LQDFHSWDEOHVSRUORVFXDOHVDOLJXDOTXHPLOORQHVGHFRUHDQRVVXDEXHORIXH
SDUWLFLSHGHXQDJUDQPDQLIHVWDFLyQHOGH0DU]RGHRUJDQL]DGDSRU
HOPRYLPLHQWR0DQVHLTXHUHFODPDEDODLQGHSHQGHQFLDGHHVWHSDtV\TXHD
SHVDUGHKDEHUIUDFDVDGROHJHQHUDEDQXQSURIXQGRVHQWLPLHQWRGHRUJXOORD
6DQJPLTXLpQDGRSWyODPLVPDSHUVRQDOLGDGYDOHURVDGHVXDEXHOR'XUDQWH
ORVSULPHURVDxRVGHVXYLGDHOODYLYLyWUDQTXLODHQVXKRJDUFRQVXDPRURVD
DEXHODVXPDGUHLQGLIHUHQWHVXVKHUPDQRV\VXSDGUHTXLHQJHQHUDOPHQWH
HVWDEDDXVHQWH\TXHDOFRQWUDULRGHVXDEXHORHUDXQPpGLFRFRQJUDFLDGR
FRQORVLQYDVRUHV6DQJPLUHFLELyXQDH[FHOHQWHHGXFDFLyQ\SURQWRDSUHQGLyDKDEODUGLIHUHQWHVLGLRPDV6LQHPEDUJRVXH[LVWHQFLDWXYRXQFDPELR
LQHVSHUDGRHOGtDTXHYLRDVXSDGUHFRQXQDMRYHQSURVWLWXWD\FHJDGDSRUHO
GHVSUHFLRTXHOHSURGXFtDDTXHOKRPEUHGHFLGLyDWDFDUDODPXMHU
3DUD QR TXHEUDQWDU OD UHSXWDFLyQ GH VX IDPLOLD 6DQJPL IXH HQYLDGD D
0RN·SRDYLYLUFRQXQRVIDPLOLDUHVOHMDQRV$OOtQRVRORSRUVXLQWHOLJHQFLDVLQR
WDPELpQSRUVXVRMRVUHODWLYDPHQWHJUDQGHVVXHVWDWXUD\ODYROXSWXRVLGDG
GHVXFXHUSRUDVJRVTXHFRPSUHQGLyFXDQGRVXDEXHOROHGHYHOyTXHVX
YHUGDGHURSDGUHHUDIUDQFpV\KHFKRTXHIXHVXHVSHUDQ]DHQORVGXURVPRPHQWRVGHVXYLGDVHGHVWDFyHQWUHODVRWUDVDOXPQDVSRUORFXDOHOSURIHVRU
MDSRQpVGHDSHOOLGR1DJDWDHORJLyVXVLQIRUPHVHVFRODUHV\HOHMHUFLWRMDSRQpVODVHOHFFLRQyFRPRXQDEXHQDFDQGLGDWDSDUDXQLUVHDO´VHUYLFLRSDWULyWLFRµ'HVSXpVGHVXp[LWRHQ0DQFKXULD´-DSyQVHKDOODEDDODV
SXHUWDVGH&KLQDµ0RULOORW\ORVFRUHDQRVFRPRV~EGLWRVGHOLPSHULRQLSyQGHEtDQFRRSHUDUFRQVXFDXVD6DQJPLDOQRSDUWLFLSDUYROXQWDULDPHQWHIXHUDSWDGD\OOHYDGDD0XNGHQGRQGHHQXQFOXESULYDGRSDUDRÀFLDOHVOODPDGRHOFénix de OroIXHYLRODGDSRUSULPHUDYH]SRUHOFRPDQGDQWH
77
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
)XMLZDUDTXLpQVHFRQYHUWLUtDHQVXSHRUHQHPLJRGHVSXpVGHTXH6DQJPL
ORJROSHDUDHQPHGLRGHXQUHVWDXUDQWHFXDQGRHODEXVDEDQXHYDPHQWHGH
HOODGHODQWHGHRWURVKRPEUHVTXHUHtDQFRQHODFWR7UDVVHUDSDOHDGDEHVWLDOPHQWHODMRYHQIXHLQFDSDFLWDGDSDUDWUDEDMDU\IXHHQWRQFHVFXDQGRVH
GLRFXHQWDGHODIXQFLyQTXHGHVHPSHxDEDHOODDOLJXDOTXHFLHQWRVGHPXMHUHVQRHUDPiVTXHXQELHQGHFRQVXPRSDUDODVÀODVGHOHMHUFLWRMDSRQpV
\VXODERUHUDFRQVRODU\FDOPDUODDQVLHGDGGHORVVROGDGRVQLSRQHVTXHHQ
\DKDEtDQFRQTXLVWDGRODFLXGDGGH6KDQJKDLKDEtDQVDTXHDGR1DQNLQ\DYDQ]DEDQH[LWRVDPHQWHSRUODFRVWD&KLQD6DQJPLTXLHQDKRUDVROR
HUDFRQRFLGDSRUVXQRPEUHMDSRQpV²1DRPLIXHHQYLDGDD6KDQJKDLGRQGH
ODRFXSDFLyQVHH[WHQGtDDWRGDODSDUWHFKLQDGHODFLXGDG\DTXH´ORVEODQFRVGH6KDQJKDLQRVHPH]FODEDQFRQ&KLQD«DTXHOODGHVFRQRFLGDGHOD
TXH~QLFDPHQWHFRGLFLDEDQHOGLQHURµ0RULOORW)XHXELFDGDHQ/D
FDVD:XOLHQXQHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHSURVWLWXWDVHQODTXHWXYRTXHFRPSODFHU
GLDULDPHQWHORVGHVHRVLQHVFUXSXORVRVGHGHFHQDVGHVROGDGRV(QHOWLHPSROLEUH6DQJPL\VXVFROHJDVKDFtDQORVRÀFLRVGHODFDVDTXHHQWUHRWURV
LQFOXtDQODGHVDJUDGDEOHWDUHDGHODYDUORVSUHVHUYDWLYRV8QRGHHVRVUXWLQDULRVGtDVXQDGHVXVFRPSDxHUDVOODPDGD)XVKLHQFRPHWLyXQDWHQWDGRFRQWUDXQFRPDQGDQWHDFWRTXHOHFRVWyODYLGDDHOOD\DODGXHxDGHODFDVD
GDGRTXHDSDUWLUGHHVHKHFKRGHVFXEULHURQTXHHOODKDFLDSDUWHGHODUHVLVWHQFLD FRUHDQD TXH KDEtD KXLGR GH &RUHD /DV WRUWXUDURQ KDVWD PRULU 3RU
HVWR6DQJPLFRQFOX\yTXH\DTXHQRWHQtDQDGDVROROHTXHGDEDXVDUVX
FXHUSRFRPRKHUUDPLHQWDSDUDPHMRUDUDXQTXHIXHUDXQSRFRVXVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGD$OFLHUUHGH/DFDVD:XOLHQ6DQJPLVHUHHQFRQWUyFRQHOSURIHVRU1DJDWDTXLHQODWUDVODGyDRWURODGRGHODFLXGDGGRQGHHQOD&RWWRQ0LOO
0DQVLRQIXHFXLGDGDSRUXQDDGRUDEOHDQFLDQDFKLQDTXHDWHQGtDODUHVLGHQFLDGHVGHTXHVXVGXHxRVIXHURQGHVSOD]DGRV3RUXQWLHPSRVXVIXQFLRQHV
FDPELDURQJUDFLDVDODLQÁXHQFLDGHOSURIHVRU\DVXVDPSOLRVFRQRFLPLHQWRVWUDGXFtDGRFXPHQWRV\HVFULWRVHQLGLRPDVH[WUDQMHURV6HFRQYLUWLyHQOD
DPDQWHGH1DJDWD\YLYLyXQFRUWRSHUtRGRGHDSDUHQWHSD]SHURXQGtDODV
IXQFLRQHVGHVXSURWHFWRUFDPELDURQ\QHFHVLWyGHXQDDFRPSDxDQWHTXHOR
D\XGDUDDHVSLDUHQODVHOHJDQWHVÀHVWDVDORVFKLQRV\H[WUDQMHURVSDUDLGHQWLÀFDUFXDOTXLHULQIRUPDFLyQLPSRUWDQWH6DJPLYROYLyHQWRQFHVDVXVODERUHV
FRQYLUWLpQGRVHHQXQDSURVWLWXWDGHOXMRR´6KDQJKDL%XWWHUÁ\µ'HVSXpVGH
XQDGHHVDVQRFKHVGHÀHVWDRSLR\RWUDVGURJDV6DQJPLGHVSHUWyFRQXQ
1
Pilotos entrenados que realizaron misiones
suicidas.
78
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
CULTURAL
IXHUWHFyOLFRSDUDGDUVHFXHQWDTXHVXDPDQWHOHKDEtDLQGXFLGRXQDERUWR\MDPiVSRGUtDVHUPDGUH1XQFDSXGRYROYHUDYHULJXDODHVHKRPEUHTXHGHVFRQRFtD\IXHOLEHUDGDSRUHOGHMiQGRODQXHYDPHQWHDPHUFHGGHFXDOTXLHUD)XH
HQWRQFHV FXDQGR FRPHQ]y D WUDEDMDU HQ HO FOXE OXJDU GRQGH )XMLZDUD OD
HQFRQWUyGHQXHYRpOHVWDEDDFRPSDxDGRSRU2NLXQDJHLVKDTXHKDEtDOLEHUDGR\SRUTXLpQ6DQJPLVLQWLyXQSURIXQGRDPRU)XMLZDUDQRKDEtDROYLGDGRVX
RIHQVD\FRPRXQDFWRGHYHQJDQ]DOHKL]RDODFRUHDQDXQDFLFDWUL]HQODSLHUQD
FRQHOQ~PHURHOFXDOODLGHQWLÀFDEDFRPRLQVXPRGHJXHUUD\ODHQYLyD
+DUELQ D ORV FDPSRV GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH 3LQJIDQ GHVWLQDGRV D ´HOLPLQDU ODV
VXEUD]DVDVLiWLFDVµ0RULOORW(Q+DUELQ6DQJPLFRQRFLyD(VSDGDGH
-DGHXQDFKLQDDFXVDGDGHFRODERUDUFRQHOSDUWLGRFRPXQLVWDODFXDOPXULy
YLFWLPDGHXQRGHORVDEVXUGRVH[SHULPHQWRVSUDFWLFDGRVSRUPpGLFRVMDSRQHVHV\DOHPDQHV$OHVFDSDUGHHVHOXJDU6DQJPLODVXSODQWy\GHFLGLyPDWULFXODUVHFRQVXKHUPDQRHQODVIXHU]DVGHOVXUGHODJXHUULOODURMDGH0DR=HGRQJ
HPSUHQGLHQGRMXQWRVXQODUJRYLDMH/DVIXHU]DVQDFLRQDOLVWDVGH&KLDQJ.DLVKHN
\HOSDUWLGRFRPXQLVWDGH0DR=HGRQJVHKDEtDQXQLGRSDUDH[SXOVDUDORVMDSRQHVHV\DSHVDUGHTXHGLFKDDOLDQ]DQRHVWDEDVLHQGRPX\HIHFWLYD\DTXH´ORV
QDFLRQDOLVWDVHVWDEDQLQYLUWLHQGRUHFXUVRVHQODFRQWHQFLyQGHORVFRPXQLVWDV
HQ OXJDU GH FHQWUDUVH H[FOXVLYDPHQWH HQ -DSyQ PLHQWUDV TXH ORV FRPXQLVWDV
WUDEDMDEDQHQIRUWDOHFHUVXLQÁXHQFLDHQODVRFLHGDGUXUDOµ86'HSDUWPHQWRI
6WDWHHVWiVGRVIXHU]DVGHFRQWHQFLyQHVWDEDQLPSLGLHQGRHODYDQFHGHORVMDSRQHVHV 5iSLGDPHQWH 6DQJPL VH HQDPRUy GH /DR %DQ SHUR HVWH PRULUtD DO
FRQWDJLDUVHGHODSHVWHQHXPyQLFDTXHKDEtDVLGRSURYRFDGDSRUORVMDSRQHVHV
DODUURMDUFRSRVGHDOJRGyQLPSUHJQDGRVGH*LHPVD7UDVVXPXHUWH6DQJPLVH
HQFRQWUDEDVRODQXHYDPHQWH\PLHQWUDVVHWUDVODGDEDFRQXQRVFDPSHVLQRVD
&KRQJTLQJIXHFDSWXUDGDQXHYDPHQWH\GHSRUWDGDDODLVODGH+DLQDQTXH´LQ-
79
MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO
81,9(56,'$'($),7
YDGLGDSRUODVWURSDVMDSRQHVDVHQIHEUHURGHVHKDEtDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQD
SRGHURVDEDVHPLOLWDUDpUHD\QDYDOµ0RULOORWS$OOtHQXQFRPLHQ]R
VLUYLyFRPR~OWLPRFRQVXHORSDUDORV.DPLND]H1\PiVDGHODQWHGDGRTXH-DSyQ
LQFXUULyHQODLQGRFKLQDIUDQFHVDHQVXVFRQRFLPLHQWRVIXHURQVROLFLWDGRV
QXHYDPHQWH\6DQJPLWUDEDMyFRPRWUDGXFWRUDSHURHVWDYH]GHDVXQWRVPiV
LPSRUWDQWHV \D TXH -DSyQ WUDEDMDED HQ HO SUR\HFWR GHO DWDTXH D 3HDUO +DUERU
PRPHQWRKLVWyULFRTXHGHVDWDUtDOD*XHUUDGHO3DFLÀFR/RVMDSRQHVHVVH
H[SDQGtDQSRUWRGRHO6XGHVWH$VLiWLFR\6DQJPLDYDQ]yFRQODVWURSDVSRUOD
SHQtQVXODPDOD\DFRQGHVWLQRD6LQJDSXUSHURVHHQFRQWUDEDHQIHUPD\ODH[SHGLFLyQQRFRQWDEDFRQPHGLFLQDVVXÀFLHQWHVDVtTXHODDEDQGRQy0LODJURVDPHQWH2NLHQFRQWUyD6DQJPL\OHVDOYyODYLGD&XDQGR2NLWXYRTXHYROYHUDO
ODGR GH )XMLZDUD 6DQJPL FRQVLJXLy WUDEDMR HQ XQD PDQXIDFWXUD GH Wp GRQGH
FRQYLYLyDLVODGDFRQPXMHUHVGHOD,QGLDKDVWDTXH2NLHQYLyDODOHPiQ5DOI'DEHULW] D DYLVDUOH TXH )XMLZDUD VH KDEtD HQWHUDGR QXHYDPHQWH GH VX SDUDGHUR
&RQODD\XGDGH'DEHULW]6DQJPLOOHJyD6LQJDSXUSDtVTXHHQKDEtDFDtGR
WDPELpQ EDMR HO LPSHULDOLVPR \ VH UHXQLy QXHYDPHQWH FRQ 1DJDWD TXLpQ SDUD
VDOYDUODGHODSHUVHFXFLyQGH)XMLZDUDODHQYLyDOFDPSRGH.HQVRUHQ%DWDYLD
SURPHWLpQGROHTXHQRWHQGUtDTXHVHUHVFODYDVH[XDOQXHYDPHQWH\TXHODUHSDWULDUtDD-DSyQ)LQDOPHQWHHQIHEUHURGHIXHUHXELFDGDHQXQDIiEULFDGH
DUPDPHQWRVLWXDGDDODVDIXHUDVGH+LURVKLPD(QVXYLDMHKDFLD-DSyQUHFLELy
XQDFDUWDGH1DJDWDRWUDGH2NL\XQSDTXHWHHQYXHOWRFRQXQGHGRGH2NLTXH
OOHYDEDXQDQLOORJUDEDGRFRQHOQRPEUH)XMLZDUD+DVWDHVDIiEULFDIXHDYLVLWDUOD 'DEHULW] TXLHQ VH FRQYLUWLy HQ VX DPLJR \ TXLpQ OH D\XGR D LGHQWLÀFDU D VX
SDGUH*UHVQLHU9DUDW/RVGtDVGH6DQJPLWUDQVFXUUtDQVLQTXHHOODWXYLHUDDOJXQDHVSHUDQ]DSHURSDUDGyMLFDPHQWHHQFRQWUyODOLEHUWDGHOGH$JRVWRGH
FRQODERPEDDWyPLFDGH+LURVKLPD(VHPLVPRGtDHQFRQWUyDXQDEHEpTXH
KDEtDQDFLGREDMRODOX]QXFOHDU\ODDGRSWyFRPRVXKLMD6DQJPLVHKL]RSDVDU
SRUIUDQFHVD\ÀQDOPHQWHVHFDVy\VHIXHDYLYLUD$OHPDQLDFRQ'DEHULW]/D
JXHUUDGH&RUHDWHUPLQyFRQODGLYLVLyQGH&RUHDGHO1RUWH\&RUHD
GHO6XUSRUHOSDUDOHOR\FXDQGR6DQJPLUHJUHVyDVXSDtVWUDVODPXHUWHGH
VXHVSRVRQRSXGRYLVLWDUODWXPEDGHVXDEXHORTXHTXHGyHQODSDUWH1RUWH
5HFRUULyODVFDOOHVGHODFLXGDGGHVXLQIDQFLD\IXHWDPELpQDYLVLWDU-DSyQ\HQ
HO WHPSOR GH $VKLUD DWHQWy FRQWUD )XMLZDUD 'HVSXpV GH HVWR UHJUHVD D YLYLU D
3DUtVFRQVXKLMD.LPLNRTXLHQPXHUHGHXQDOHXFHPLDSUREDEOHPHQWHDGTXLULGD
SRUODUDGLDFLyQTXHODYLRQDFHU'DGRTXHVXKLMDVLHPSUHODLPSXOVyDFRQWDUVX
KLVWRULD 6DQJPL UHYHOy DO PXQGR SRU TXp VX SXHEOR DO LJXDO TXH OD SREODFLyQ
FKLQD VH QLHJDQ D ROYLGDU HO VXIULPLHQWR FDXVDGR SRU ORV MDSRQHVHV TXLHQHV
FXHQWDQ OD KLVWRULD FRQ XQD VXWLOH]D TXH HOORV QR SXHGHQ WROHUDU -DSyQ YLROy
WRUWXUyH[SHULPHQWRHLQWHQWyLPSRQHUVXFXOWXUDVREUHHOFRQWLQHQWHDVLiWLFR\OD
YHUVLyQGHODVYLFWLPDVGHEHVHUUHFRQRFLGDSRUHOORVSDUDTXHHVWRVSDtVHVFLFDWULFHQODVTXHPDGXUDVGHMDGDVSRUHOLPSHULRGHOVROQDFLHQWH
Bibliografía
‡
‡
‡
/HyQ0DQUtTXH]-RVp/XLVHistoria Minima de Corea. Primera Edición. México,D.F.: El colegio de México: Centro de Estudios de
Asia y África.
0RULOORW-XOLHWWHLas orquídeas rojas de Shanghai*UXSRHGLWRULDO5DQGRP+RXVH0RQGDGRUL6/%DUFHORQD
86'HSDUWPHQWRI6WDWHOffice of the Historian. “The Chinese Revolution of 1949”. Disponible en: KWWSKLVWRU\VWDWHJRY
PLOHVWRQHV&KLQHVH5HY. [Consultado el 18 de Octubre de 2011]
79