La producción de energía hidroeléctrica en Extremadura

La producción de energía hidroeléctrica en Extremadura
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Dpto. Arte y Ciencias del Territorio, Universidad de Extremadura
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1. INTRODUCCIÓN
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2. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LAS ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES: LA ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA
2.1. Situación en Europa
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2.2.1. Potencia instalada
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Régimen Ordinario
MW
%
Hidráulica
Nuclear
Carbón
Fuel/gas
Ciclo combinado
Subtotal
66.669
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2.2.2. Producción y demanda de energía
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GWh
% (2006=100)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
100,00
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Régimen
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Especial
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31
Subtotal
Total (*)
Ordinario
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Subtotal R.E.
Total
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100
0
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
$*(1&,$(;75(0(f$'(/$(1(5*Ë$. Informe 2009KWWSZZZDJHQH[RUJ!
&20,6,Ï1(8523($Libro Blanco para una Estrategia Común y un
Plan de Acción para las Energías Renovables%UXVHODV
(63(-20$5Ë1&©/DHOHFWULFLGDGWpUPLFDHQOD5HJLyQGH0XUFLD
0HGLRVLJORGHFRQWULEXFLyQDOGHVDUUROORªEstudios de Desarrollo Regional.
8QLYHUVLGDGGH0XUFLDS
(63(-20$5Ë1&<*$5&Ë$0$5Ë1&©$JXD\HQHUJtDSURGXFFLyQKLGURHOpFWULFDHQ(VSDxDª,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV*HRJUi¿FDVS
*$5&Ë$=$5=$(©/DSURGXFFLyQHOpFWULFDFDFHUHxD,PSDFWRHFRQyPLFRªEstudios de Geografía. Homenaje a J.L. Cruz Reyes86DODPDQFD
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,167,7872 3$5$ /$ ',9(56,),&$&,Ï1<$+2552 '( /$ (1(5*Ë$
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0,1,67(5,2 '( ,1'8675,$< (1(5*Ë$ Plan de Fomento de las
Energía Renovables en España,QVWLWXWRSDUDOD'LYHUVL¿FDFLyQ\$KRUURGH
la Energía, Madrid.
0,1,67(5,2 '( ,1'8675,$ 785,602 < &20(5&,2 Plan de
Energías Renovables en España 2005-2010, Madrid.
0,1,67(5,2'(0(',2$0%,(17( Libro Blanco del Agua. SecreWDUtDGH(VWDGRGH$JXDV\&RVWDV'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH2EUDV+LGUiXOLFDV\
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5('(/e&75,&$'((63$f$El sistema eléctrico español. Informe
2009, Madrid.
²Comportamiento del sistema eléctrico español. Avance. Informe 2010,
Madrid.
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3(5,Ï',&2(;75(0$'85$\',$5,2+2<©Extremadura cubre por primera vez el 100% de la demanda eléctrica con fuentes renovables.
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Memoria Resumen, 31p.
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2007 por la que se aprueba el Documento de Referencia para la Evaluación
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del Plan Especial de La Zona de Actuaciones Logísticas e Industriales de Asturias (ZALIA),S
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de Asturias con horizonte al año 2012S
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6(&5(7$5Ë$*(1(5$/'(/$(1(5*Ë$3ODQL¿FDFLyQGHORVVHFtores de electricidad y gas 2002-2011. Revisión 2005-2011S
6(&5(7$5Ë$*(1(5$/'(/$(1(5*Ë$3ODQL¿FDFLyQGHORVVHFtores de electricidad y gas 2008-2016. Desarrollo de las redes de transporte,
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LAS FIGURAS DE ESTE ARTÍCULO
TIENEN POCA RESOLUCIÓN
El emplazamiento de las plantas fotovoltaicas y sus
repercusiones paisajísticas*
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Departamento de Geografía. Universidad de Málaga
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
$*(1&,$$1'$/8=$'(/$(1(5*Ë$Plan Andaluz de Sostenibilidad Energética 2007-2013 (PASENER).
$6,)Hacia la consolidación de la energía solar fotovoltaica.,QIRUPH
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0e5,'$52'5Ë*8(=0\/2%Ï10$57Ë15FRRUGVEstimación de impactos y propuestas de integración paisajística de las instalaciones
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0,1,67(5,2 '( ,1'8675,$ 785,602 < &20(5&,2 Plan de
Energías Renovables 2011-2020 (PANER).
5(<(6&255('(5$6Repercusiones territoriales y paisajísticas de
las instalaciones fotovoltaicas en Andalucía3UR\HFWR)LQGH0iVWHU8QLYHUsidades de Málaga-Granada. Inédito.
Las potencialidades de la biomasa forestal.
Galicia, el almacén forestal de España
ÈQJHO0LUDPRQWHV&DUEDOODGD
angelmiramontes@gmail.com
Departamento de Geografía y Geología, Universidad de León (Campus Ponferrada)
Mª Pilar Alonso Logroño
p.alonso@geosoc.udl.cat
Departamento de Geografía y Sociología, Universidad de Lleida
Resumen &DGDGtDODVIXHQWHVGHHQHUJtDUHQRYDEOHVVHYHQREOLJDGDVDRFXSDUXQSDSHOPiVGHVWDFDGRHQODSURGXFFLyQGHHOHFWULFLGDG(VWRVHH[SOLFDHQ
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Resumen /DVHQHUJtDVUHQRYDEOHVKDQDGTXLULGRXQUHOHYDQWHSDSHOHQ(VSDxDWDQWRSRUPRWLYRVHFRQyPLFRVFRPRGHWLSRVRFLDO\PHGLRDPELHQWDO([WUHPDGXUD QR KD SHUPDQHFLGR DMHQD DO DXJH GHO VHFWRU 6X SRWHQFLDO HQHUJpWLFR OD
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Palabras clave: HQHUJtDVUHQRYDEOHVHQHUJtDVRODUIRWRYROWDLFDKLGURHOHFWULFLGDGELRPDVD
Summary 5HQHZDEOHHQHUJLHVKDYHDFTXLUHGDSURPLQHQWUROHLQ6SDLQERWK
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Solar Fotovoltaica
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2005
0
0
0
2006
0
0
0
2007
0
0
0
2008
0
0
2009
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2010
Tecnología
Instalación
Directo
Solar Fotovoltaica
Solar Térmica BT
Solar Termoeléctrica
Biomasa
TOTAL
2.956
Operación y Mantenimiento
Indirecto
Directo
Indirecto
3
905
439
-
200
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2015
Tecnología
Operac. y Mant.2
Instalación
Directo
2020
Indir.
Directo
Indir.
Operac. y Mant. 2
Instalación
Directo
Indir.
Directo
Indir.
108
808
38
--
80
--
Eólica
131
Solar Termo- eléctrica
Biomasa
TOTAL
12.354
4.024
1.496
867
19.805
6.155
2.351
1.504
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Solar Térmica BT
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Tipo de residuo
Tm/año
Tipo de residuo
Tm/año
Paja de cereal
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$OSHUXMR
107.000
5HVLGXRGHJLUDVRO
110.000
7RPDWH
83.000
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100.000
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80.000
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11.000
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Residuos agrícolas
781.000
Residuos industriales
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710.000
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10.000
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170.000
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1.040.000
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354.500
50.300
2.405.800
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2.1. La carga ecológica:
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2.1.1. La Energía
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2.1.2. El agua
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2.1.3. Los residuos
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2.1.4. Ruido
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2.1.5. Movilidad
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
$<817$0,(172'($/&È=$5'(6$1-8$1DConvenio de colaboración entre el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Alcázar de San Juan y las empresas MANCHASOL I CENTRAL TERMOSOLAR UNO, S.L. Y MANCHASOL
II CENTRAL TERMOSOLAR 2, S.L., para el desarrollo del «PROYECTO
MANCHASOL»'RFXPHQWRLPSUHVR$OFi]DUGH6DQ-XDQ
$<817$0,(172'($/&È=$5'(6$1-8$1EConvenio de colaboración entre el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Alcázar de San Juan y las empresas ARIES SOLAR TERMOELÉCTRICA, S.L. y ETERIA ENERGÍA SOLAR,
S.L., para el desarrollo del «Proyecto de las centrales solares termoeléctricas
ASTE-1ª, ASTE 1B, ASTE-3 y ASTE-4»'RFXPHQWRLPSUHVR$OFi]DUGH6DQ
-XDQ
(63(-2&\*$5&Ë$5©/DHQHUJtDVRODUWHUPRHOpFWULFDHQ(VSDxDª
Anales de GeografíaYROQ~PS
)(51È1'(=$©/DGH¿QLFLyQGHOSUREOHPDGHODJXDHQ/D0DQFKD
+~PHGDªHQ99$$Reserva de la Biosfera de La Mancha Húmeda. Retos
y Oportunidades de Futuro -XQWD GH &RPXQLGDGHV GH &DVWLOOD/D 0DQFKD
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*HRJUDItD 7HUULWRULR \ 3DLVDMHª HQ 99$$ Reserva de la Biosfera de La
Mancha Húmeda. Retos y Oportunidades de Futuro-XQWDGH&RPXQLGDGHV
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3,//(7)\&$53,2-Las escalas de la geografía: del mundo al lugar.
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3.1. Energía solar
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3.3. Energía hídrica
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de ríos.
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tipo de energía.
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sistemas conectados a red
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4. CONCLUSIONES
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'20Ë1*8(=-La integración económica y territorial de las energías renoYDEOHV\ORVVLVWHPDVGHLQIRUPDFLyQJHRJUi¿FD8QLYHUVLGDG&RPSOXWHQVHGH0DGULG8&00DGULGS
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en Cuba.5HYLVWD&RPHUFLR([WHULRUGH0p[LFR
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de energía en la Isla de Cuba desde una perspectiva territorial. Estudio de
caso en el municipio de Guama a partir de un Geoportal. En fase de edición.
Análisis crítico del sistema eléctrico español.
Propuesta de alternativas
Sergi Saladié Gil
sergi.saladie@urv.cat
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2. ANÁLISIS DE LA DEMANDA DE ELECTRICIDAD EN EL ESTADO
ESPAÑOL
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económica tiene su traslación directa sobre la demanda energética, no sólo referida a la electricidad que consumen los hogares, sino también a la que mueve la
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no retornará a los crecimientos experimentados antes del estallido de la crisis
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3.3. Excedentario
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con el Estado francés.
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«La caída de la demanda ha dejado al descubierto otra realidad del sistema energético
español, que no es otra que la sobrecapacidad existente en el ámbito de la generación, que está
provocando que las centrales de ciclo combinado estén funcionando por debajo del umbral de un
óptimo rendimiento económicoª 3DODEUDV SURQXQFLDGDV SRU (GXDUGR *RQ]iOH] UHVSRQVDEOH GH
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«…con el actual escenario de demanda eléctrica, no hay hueco térmico para más potencia de
base, de modo que no resulta recomendable el desarrollo de más energía nuclearª ©De hecho,
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un exceso de electricidad que «habrá que verter si no se desplaza la demanda al valle©3DODEUDV
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3.4. Injusto socialmente
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¿QDOL]DFLyQGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHEXHQDSDUWHGHODFWXDOSDUTXHQXFOHDUFRQRFLGRFRPRMoratoria nuclearYDDFDUJRGHORVFRQVXPLGRUHVGHHOHFWULFLGDGD
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«Es conocido que en pleno proceso de transición democrática el sector público tuvo
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con las necesidades constatadas de la demanda eléctrica en España. La preferencia por la energía
nuclear contenida en aquellos planes puso en marcha la construcción de más grupos nucleares
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tipo, a la llamada moratoria nuclear a partir de 1982. Los costes de la paralización de proyectos
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los consumidores durante largos años, mediante recargos pagados en el recibo de la luz» -XDQ
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&1(Informe 5/2011 sobre la propuesta de orden por la que se revisan
los peajes de acceso a partir del 1 de abril de 2011 y las tarifas y primas de
determinadas instalaciones del régimen especial &RPLVLyQ 1DFLRQDO GH OD
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Geopolítica de la implantación eólica en Catalunya
Sergi Saladié Gil
sergi.saladie@urv.cat
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2. LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE LA
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(2/,&&$7 L’energia eòlica a Catalunya, EolicCat, Associació Eòlica
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La seguridad del suministro energético en el sur de Europa
occidental: el gas argelino como posible factor geopolítico
en la integración regional del espacio euromediterráneo
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salinaspalacios@gmail.com
Institut Français de Géopolitique, École Doctorale Sciences Sociales de Paris VIII
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1. GEOPOLÍTICA: TERRITORIO, ESPACIO Y RIVALIDADES DE PODER
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El geógrafo y fundador de la revista de geopolítica Herodote, Yves Lacoste, utiliza
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2. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL MERCADO DEL GAS EN EL ESPACIO
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2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
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2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,7
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-
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11,3
7,7
18,1
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3. LA DEPENDENCIA ARGELINA DE LOS HIDROCARBUROS
3.1. Una «palanca» para salir de la crisis de los años 1990
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las relaciones entre estos países y Argelia.
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1980
1985
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70.587
87.966
107.309
114.390
153.224
179.708
164.375
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68.043
83.978
88.846
124.125
145.274
121.949
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Gas
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GPL
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79,82%
77,35%
78,26%
77,67%
81,01%
80,84%
74,19%
Export / producción
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
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%5,7,6+3(752/(80Statistical Review of World Energy 2010.
0$fe (675$'$$ Argelia: ¿retorno al nacionalismo energético?,
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0$fe (675$'$$ \ /25&$ &255216$9 África del Norte:
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6(55$(Reinventing Global Security5HDO,QVWLWXWR(OFDQR$5,Qž
,6%(//3DXOEl nuevo escenario energético y sus implicaciones geopolíticas5HDO,QVWLWXWR(OFDQR'RFXPHQWRGHWUDEDMRQž