(VWXGLRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRV FRPR VLVWHPDV GH EOLQGDMH DQWH OD LQFLGHQFLD GH FDPSRV PDJQpWLFRV FHUFDQRV GH EDMD IUHFXHQFLD 6WXG\PDWHULDOVVXFKDVPHWDOOLFDQGPDJQHWLFVKLHOGLQJV\VWHPV WRWKHLQFLGHQFHRIPDJQHWLF¿HOGVQHDUWKHORZIUHTXHQF\ 0$5,2 $52'5Ë*8(=% 0DHVWURHQ&LHQFLDVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD,QJHQLHUR(OHFWUL FLVWDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD6XH[SHULHQFLDODERUDOLQFOX\HHO /DERUDWRULRGH(QVD\RV,QGXVWULDOHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD/$%( FRLQYHVWLJDGRUHQHO*UXSRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQHQ3URWHFFLRQHV\6LVHPDVGH3XHVWDD7LH UUD*,3<7GHODPLVPDXQLYHUVLGDG$FWXDOPHQWHHV3URIHVRU$VLVWHQWHGHOD8QLYHU VLGDG'LVWULWDO)UDQFLVFR-RVpGH&DOGDV%RJRWi±&RORPELD'LULJHGHO*UXSRGH,Q YHVWLJDFLyQHQ&RPSDWLELOLGDG(OHFWURPDJQpWLFD&(0\SDUWLFLSDFRPRLQYHVWLJDGRUHQ ODViUHDVGHGLVHxR\FRQVWUXFFLyQGHHTXLSRVGHSUXHEDVGHFRPSDWLELOLGDGHOHFWURPDJ QpWLFDPHGLGDVHQDOWDWHQVLyQ\VLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHFRQWUDFDPSRVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFRV &RUUHRHOHFWUyQLFRPDURGULJXH]E#XGLVWULWDOHGXFR $/(-$1'526È1&+(= 6 &DQGLGDWRDOWtWXORGH0DHVWURHQ&LHQFLDVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD,Q JHQLHUR(OHFWULFLVWDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD6XH[SHULHQFLDODER UDOLQFOX\HOD(PSUHVDGHGLVWULEXFLyQ\FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGHHQHUJtDHOpFWULFDGH%RJRWi &2'(16$6$HQFDOLGDGGHFRQWUDWLVWD\OD&HUYHFHUtD%$9$5,$6$HQFDOLGDG GHFRQWUDWLVWD$FWXDOPHQWHHV3URIHVRU$VLVWHQWHGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG'LVWULWDO)UDQFLVFR -RVpGH&DOGDV%RJRWi±&RORPELD)RUPDSDUWHGHO*UXSRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQHQ&RPSD WLELOLGDG(OHFWURPDJQpWLFD&(0\SDUWLFLSDFRPRLQYHVWLJDGRUHQODViUHDVGHGLVHxR \FRQVWUXFFLyQGHHTXLSRVGHSUXHEDVGHFRPSDWLELOLGDGHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDPHGLGDVHQ DOWDWHQVLyQ\VLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHFRQWUDFDPSRVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFRV&RUUHRHOHFWUyQLFR DVDQFKH]V#XGLVWULWDOHGXFR &ODVLÀFDFLyQGHODUWtFXORUHÁH[LyQUHFUHDFLRQHV )HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHDJRVWRGH )HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHQRYLHPEUHGH 3DODEUDVFODYHV&RPSDWLELOLGDGHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFD QRV UHFUHDFLRQHV .H\ZRUGV(OHFWURPDJQHWLFFRPSDWLELOLW\VKLHOGLQJHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIPDJQHWLF¿HOGVQHDUE\ 5(680(1 $%675$&7 (O HVWXGLR GH PDWHULDOHV PHWiOLFRV \ PDJQpWLFRV FRPRVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHFRQWUDFDPSRVHOHFWUR PDJQpWLFRV HV XQR GH ORV SULQFLSDOHV WHPDV TXH DERUGD OD FRPSDWLELOLGDG HOHFWURPDJQpWLFD (Q &RORPELDVHKDQUHDOL]DGRSRFRVHVWXGLRVWHyULFR H[SHULPHQWDOHV HQ HVWD iUHD 3RU WDQWR HO *UXSR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ HQ &RPSDWLELOLGDG (OHFWURPDJ QpWLFD GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG 'LVWULWDO )UDQFLVFR -RVp &DOGDV &(0 VH SURSXVR FRPR XQR GH VXV RE MHWLYRVGHVDUUROODUHOHVWXGLRWHyULFRH[SHULPHQWDO GHEOLQGDMHVFRQWUDFDPSRVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFRVFHU FDQRV\OHMDQRVGHEDMD\DOWDIUHFXHQFLD(OSUH VHQWH DUWtFXOR PXHVWUD ORV UHVXOWDGRV GHO HVWXGLR H[SHULPHQWDOVREUHODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMHTXH RIUHFHQGRVPDWHULDOHVHVSHFt¿FRVDOXPLQLR\KLH UURFRQGLIHUHQWHVHVSHVRUHVDQWHODLQFLGHQFLDGH FDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD 7KHVWXG\RIPDJQHWLFPDWHULDOVVXFKDVPHWDODQG VKLHOGLQJV\VWHPVDJDLQVWHOHFWURPDJQHWLF¿HOGVLV RQHRIWKHPDLQLVVXHVDGGUHVVHGE\WKH(0&,Q &RORPELDWKHUHKDYHEHHQIHZWKHRUHWLFDOVWXGLHV H[SHULPHQWDOLQWKLVDUHD7KHUHIRUHWKHUHVHDUFK JURXSLQ(0&DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\'LVWULWDO)UDQFLV FR-RVpGH&DOGDV&(0ZDVSURSRVHGDVRQH RILWVREMHFWLYHVWRGHYHORSWKHWKHRUHWLFDODQGH[ SHULPHQWDOVWXG\RIVKLHOGLQJDJDLQVWHOHFWURPDJ QHWLF¿HOGVQHDUDQGIDUORZDQGKLJKIUHTXHQF\ 7KLVDUWLFOHVKRZVWKHUHVXOWVRIH[SHULPHQWDOVWX G\ RQ WKH VKLHOGLQJ HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WZR VSHFL¿F PDWHULDOVRIIHUHGDOXPLQXPDQGVWHHOZLWKGLIIH UHQW WKLFNQHVVHV ZLWK WKH LQFLGHQFH RI PDJQHWLF ¿HOGVQHDUWKHORZIUHTXHQF\ ,QWURGXFFLyQ 'HVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHODFRPSDWLELOLGDGHOHFWUR PDJQpWLFDWRGRVORVHTXLSRVHOpFWULFRV\HOHFWUy QLFRVVRQVXVFHSWLEOHVHQPD\RURPHQRUPHGLGD DLQWHUIHUHQFLDVHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDVTXHSXHGHQVHU GHWLSRUDGLDGRLQGXFLGRRFRQGXFLGR'HQWURGH ODV IXHQWHV GH LQWHUIHUHQFLD PiV FRPXQHV VH HQ FXHQWUDQODVGHVFDUJDVHOpFWULFDVDWPRVIpULFDVVH xDOHV GH EDMD IUHFXHQFLD GHO VLVWHPD GH SRWHQFLD \VHxDOHVGHDOWDIUHFXHQFLDGHVLVWHPDVGHFRPX QLFDFLyQ/DWHRUtDHOHFWURPDJQpWLFDRIUHFHKHUUD PLHQWDVSDUDHOPRGHODPLHQWRGHHVWRVIHQyPHQRV GH DFRSODPLHQWR HOHFWURPDJQpWLFR \ OD IRUPD GH DWHQXDUORVRHOLPLQDUORV2WW>@GH¿QHODHIHFWL YLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH6DSDUWLUGHODVHFXDFLRQHV \ E S = 20Log 0 (1) E1 H 4 = 20Log 0 (2) H1 'RQGH 6(IHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH>G%@ (,QWHQVLGDGGHFDPSRHOpFWULFRLQFLGHQWH (,QWHQVLGDGGHFDPSRHOpFWULFRWUDQVPLWLGR +LQWHQVLGDGGHFDPSRPDJQHWLFRLQFLGHQWH +LQWHQVLGDGGHFDPSRPDJQHWLFRWUDQVPLWLGR 3DUDHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUGHFDPSRHOHFWURPDJQpWL FROHMDQRODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMHHVWiGH¿QLGD SRUWUHVWpUPLQRVSpUGLGDVSRUUHÀH[LyQSpUGLGDV SRUDEVRUFLyQ\RWURVHIHFWRVGHELGRVDP~OWLSOHV UHÀH[LRQHV\WUDQVPLVLRQHV(QODHFXDFLyQVH PXHVWUDODFRQWULEXFLyQGHFDGDXQDGHODVFRPSR QHQWHVDODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH 7HFQXUD DxR 1R VHJXQGRVHPHVWUHGH UHFUHDFLRQHV S = R + A + M (3) 'RQGH 6(IHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH>G%@ 53pUGLGDVSRUUHÀH[LyQ>G%@ $3pUGLGDVSRUDEVRUFLyQ>G%@ 0 (IHFWRV DGLFLRQDOHV GHELGRV D P~OWLSOHV UH ÀH[LRQHV\WUDQVPLVLRQHV>G%@ (Q HO FDVR GHO FDPSR HOHFWURPDJQpWLFR FHUFDQR ODJHRPHWUtDGHORVFDPSRVHOpFWULFR\PDJQpWLFR HV PiV FRPSOHMD TXH OD XWLOL]DGD SDUD HO FDPSR HOHFWURPDJQpWLFROHMDQRHQHOFXDOHODQiOLVLVUHD OL]DGRFRQVLGHUDORVFDPSRVHOpFWULFR\PDJQpWL FR FRPR RQGDV SODQDV 3RU WDQWR ODV HFXDFLRQHV XWLOL]DGDVHQHOFiOFXORGHODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQ GDMH PHGLDQWH ODV HFXDFLRQHV HVSHFL¿FDGDV SDUD HO FDVR GH FDPSR OHMDQR VRQ DSUR[LPDFLRQHV GHO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR UHDO GHO FDPSR HOHFWURPDJQpWL FRFHUFDQR>@3DUDHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUGHOFDPSR PDJQpWLFRFHUFDQRGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLDVHHQFXHQ WUDTXHODVSpUGLGDVSRUUHÀH[LyQ5\DEVRUFLyQ$ VRQPX\SHTXHxDV(QFRQVHFXHQFLD&OD\WRQ>@ SODQWHDGRVPpWRGRVSDUDODDWHQXDFLyQGHOFDPSR PDJQpWLFRFHUFDQRGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD(OSULPHUR FRQVLVWHHQURGHDUODUHJLyQTXHVHSUHWHQGHEOLQ GDUFRQPDWHULDOHVGHDOWDSHUPHDELOLGDGD¿QGH JHQHUDUFDPLQRVGHEDMDUHOXFWDQFLDSDUDHOÀXMR PDJQpWLFR(OVHJXQGRFRQVLVWHHQXELFDUDQLOORV FRQGXFWRUHV HQ FRUWRFLUFXLWR HQ OD UHJLyQ TXH VH SUHWHQGH EOLQGDU (O REMHWLYR HV TXH VH JHQHUHQ FRUULHQWHVFLUFXODQWHVHQORVDQLOORVODVFXDOHVJH QHUDUiQXQFDPSRPDJQpWLFRTXHLQWHUDFW~DFRQHO FDPSRPDJQpWLFRLQFLGHQWHUHGXFLHQGRHOFDPSR PDJQpWLFRHQODUHJLyQEOLQGDGD(OSUHVHQWHDUWt FXORPXHVWUDORVUHVXOWDGRVH[SHULPHQWDOHVVREUH ODHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHTXHRIUHFHQEOLQGDMHVGH DOXPLQLR\KLHUURFRQXQDGHODVFRQ¿JXUDFLRQHV JHRPpWULFDVSURSXHVWDVSRU&OD\WRQ>@DQWHODLQ FLGHQFLDGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMD IUHFXHQFLD+] &LUFXLWRGHSUXHED 6HFRQVWUX\yXQDIXHQWHGHFDPSRPDJQpWLFRSDU WLHQGRGHXQDHVWUXFWXUDIRUPDGDSRUXQVROHQRLGH ODUJR FRQ Q~FOHR GH DLUH /D UHODFLyQ ORQJLWXG GLiPHWUROGHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHLJXDOD(O VROHQRLGHVHDOLPHQWyFRQXQDIXHQWHGHFRUULHQWH DOWHUQDGH+]¿OWUDGDPHGLDQWHXQFLUFXLWRUH VRQDQWHHQSDUDOHORD¿QGHHOLPLQDUHOFRQWHQLGR DUPyQLFRGHODIXHQWH/DWHRUtDHOHFWURPDJQpWLFD >@SHUPLWHFDOFXODUODGHQVLGDGGHÀXMRPDJQpWL FRJHQHUDGRHQHOFHQWURGHXQVROHQRLGHODUJRFRQ Q~FOHRGHDLUHDSDUWLUGHODHFXDFLyQ n in B= 0 (4) l 'RQGH % 'HQVLGDG GH ÀXMR PDQpWLFR HQ HO LQWHULRU GHO VROHQRLGH>7@ ȝ3HUPHDELOLGDGGHODLUH>+P@ L&RUULHQWHTXHFLUFXODDWUDYpVGHOFRQGXFWRUTXH IRUPDHOVROHQRLGH>$@ Q1~PHURGHYXHOWDVGHOVROHQRLGH O/RQJLWXGGHOVROHQRLGH /DV GLPHQVLRQHV GHO VROHQRLGH FRQVWUXLGR FRQ YXHOWDVGHFRQGXFWRUGHFREUH1R$:* VRQGLiPHWURFP\ORQJLWXGGHP/DV GHQVLGDGHV GH ÀXMR PDJQpWLFR JHQHUDGDV SRU OD IXHQWHGHLQWHUIHUHQFLDFRQVWUXLGDHVWiQXQUDQJR HQWUHP7\P73DUDORJUDUHVWDVGHQVLGDGHV GHÀXMRPDJQpWLFRVHLQ\HFWyFRUULHQWHDOWHUQDDO VROHQRLGHFRQYDORUHVH¿FDFHVHQWUH$\$/D PHGLFLyQGHOFDPSRPDJQpWLFRHQHOLQWHULRUGHO VROHQRLGH VH UHDOL]y PHGLDQWH VHQVRUHV GH HIHFWR +DOO UHIHUHQFLD $ FRQ DQFKR GH EDQGD GH N+]\VHQVLELOLGDG97 6HFRQVWUX\HURQGRVVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMH(OSUL PHURHQFRQ¿JXUDFLyQJHRPpWULFDSODQDFRQVLV WLy HQ OiPLQDV FXDGUDGDV GH FP GH ODGR FRQV WUXLGDV HQ DOXPLQLR \ KLHUUR ³&ROG 5ROOHG´ FRQ HVSHVRUHVGHPPPP\PP(OVHJXQGR HQFRQ¿JXUDFLyQJHRPpWULFDF~ELFDFRQVLVWLyHQ FDMDV F~ELFDV GH FP GH ODGR FRQVWUXLGDV HQ DOXPLQLR\KLHUUR³&ROG5ROOHG´FRQHVSHVRUHVGH PPPP\PP(OHVTXHPDGHOFLUFXLWRGH SUXHED\HOPRQWDMHH[SHULPHQWDOVHPXHVWUDQHQ ODV¿JXUDV\ (VWXGLRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRVFRPRVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHDQWHOD LQFLGHQFLDGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD 0DULR$5RGUtJXH]%$OHMDQGUR6iQFKH]6 UHFUHDFLRQHV )LJXUD (VTXHPDGHOFLUFXLWRGHSUXHED )LJXUD0RQWDMHH[SHULPHQWDO 0RQWDMHH[SHULPHQWDO HOFDWiORJRGHOIDEULFDQWH &DOLEUDFLyQ GHO VHQVRU GH HIHFWR +DOO 3URFHGLPLHQWR H[SHULPHQWDO SDUD GHWHUPLQDUODHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGD MH 3DUDFDOLEUDUHOVHQVRUGHHIHFWR+DOOVHFRQVWUX\y XQVROHQRLGHGHYXHOWDV\UHODFLyQOGLJXDOD (OSURFHVRGHFDOLEUDFLyQVHUHDOL]yFRQIXHQ WHV GH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD \ DOWHUQD VLQXVRLGDO D +] /RV UHVXOWDGRV HQ OD VHQVLELOLGDG WXYLHURQ XQD GLIHUHQFLD SRUFHQWXDO Pi[LPD GHO FRQ UHVSHFWRDOYDORUGHVHQVLELOLGDGSURSRUFLRQDGRHQ 8QDYH]FRQVWUXLGDODIXHQWHGHLQWHUIHUHQFLDVH SURFHGLy D LQWURGXFLU ORV VLVWHPDV GH EOLQGDMH OiPLQDV \ FDMDV F~ELFDV GHQWUR GH OD IXHQWH GH LQWHUIHUHQFLD 3DUD GHWHUPLQDU OD HIHFWLYLGDG GH EOLQGDMHVHXELFDURQGRVVHQVRUHVGHHIHFWR+DOO XQRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH\RWURGHVSXpVGHOEOLQGD MHHQHOFDVRGHODVOiPLQDVRGHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH 7HFQXUD DxR 1R VHJXQGRVHPHVWUHGH UHFUHDFLRQHV HQHOFDVRGHODVFDMDVF~ELFDV3RVWHULRUPHQWHVH WRPDURQ ORV UHJLVWURV VLPXOWiQHRV GH ODV VHxDOHV SURSRUFLRQDGDVSRUORVVHQVRUHVGHHIHFWR+DOO(O UHJLVWURVHHIHFWXyFRQXQRVFLORVFRSLRGLJLWDOFRQ DQFKRGHEDQGD0+] 5HVXOWDGR %OLQGDMH GH FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ JHRPp WULFDSODQDOiPLQDV 'HDFXHUGRFRQORVFiOFXORVGHHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQ GDMHUHDOL]DGRVSRU&OD\WRQ\2WW>@>@ORVEOLQ GDMHVHQIRUPDGHOiPLQDFRQPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV \ PDJQpWLFRV RIUHFHQ XQD HIHFWLYLGDG GH EOLQGD MHPX\EDMD3DUDFRPSUREDUHVDLQIRUPDFLyQVH LPSOHPHQWDURQ EOLQGDMHV GH IRUPD SODQD FRQ ORV PDWHULDOHV \ HVSHVRUHV GH¿QLGRV /RV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV IXHURQ ORV VLJXLHQWHV VH HQFRQWUy XQD HIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHGHG%DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH SDUDWRGRVORVPDWHULDOHV\HVSHVRUHVGH¿QLGRV(Q OD¿JXUDVHPXHVWUDQORVUHJLVWURVREWHQLGRVSDUD HOEOLQGDMHGHDOXPLQLRFRQHVSHVRUPP(QOD ¿JXUDVHPXHVWUDQORVUHJLVWURVREWHQLGRVSDUD HOEOLQGDMHGHKLHUURFRQHVSHVRUPP/DWDEOD UHVXPHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMH SDUDORVEOLQGDMHVGHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQSODQDSDUDORV WLSRV\HVSHVRUHVGHPDWHULDOGH¿QLGRV )LJXUD 5HJLVWURV GHO VHQVRU XELFDGR DQWHV GHO EOLQGDMH$\GHVSXpVGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDOiPLQD GHKLHUURFRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMR PDJQpWLFRGHP7 %OLQGDMHGHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQJHRPp WULFDF~ELFDFDMDV 'DGDODEDMDHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHRIUHFLGDSRU ORVEOLQGDMHVHQIRUPDGHOiPLQDVHQEDMDIUHFXHQ FLD&OD\WRQ\2WW>@>@SURSRQHQXWLOL]DUXQEOLQ GDMHTXHHQFLHUUHFRPSOHWDPHQWHODUHJLyQGRQGH VHSUHWHQGHHYDOXDUODHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMH3RU WDQWRVHLPSOHPHQWDURQEOLQGDMHVGHIRUPDF~ELFD FRQORVPDWHULDOHV\HVSHVRUHVGH¿QLGRV /RV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV IXHURQ ORV VLJXLHQWHV ORVEOLQGDMHVGHDOXPLQLR\FREUHSDUDWRGRVORV HVSHVRUHVRIUHFLHURQXQDHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMH GHG%DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH(QOD¿JXUDVHPXHV WUDQORVUHJLVWURVREWHQLGRVSDUDHOEOLQGDMHGHDOX PLQLR FRQ HVSHVRU GH PP 3RU RWUR ODGR ORV EOLQGDMHV GH KLHUUR RIUHFLHURQ DOWDV HIHFWLYLGDGHV GHEOLQGDMH(QODV¿JXUDVDVHPXHVWUDQORV UHJLVWURVREWHQLGRVSDUDORVEOLQGDMHVGHKLHUURHQ WRGRVORVHVSHVRUHV/DWDEODUHVXPHORVUHVXOWD GRVGHHIHFWLYLGDGGHOEOLQGDMHSDUDORVEOLQGDMHV GHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQF~ELFDSDUDORVWLSRV\HVSHVRUHV GHPDWHULDOGH¿QLGRV )LJXUD 5HJLVWURVGHOVHQVRUXELFDGRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH $\GHVSXpVGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDOiPLQDGHDOXPLQLR FRQ HVSHVRU GH PP \ GHQVLGDG GH ÀXMR PDJQpWLFR GHP7 (VWXGLRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRVFRPRVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHDQWHOD LQFLGHQFLDGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD 0DULR$5RGUtJXH]%$OHMDQGUR6iQFKH]6 UHFUHDFLRQHV )LJXUD 5HJLVWURV GHO VHQVRU XELFDGR DQWHV GHO EOLQGDMH$\GHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDFDMDF~ELFD GH$OXPLQLRFRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMR PDJQpWLFRGHP7 )LJXUD5HJLVWURVGHOVHQVRUXELFDGRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH $\GHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDFDMDF~ELFDGHKLHUUR FRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMRPDJQpWLFRGH P7 )LJXUD5HJLVWURVGHOVHQVRUXELFDGRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH $\GHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH%SDUDFDMDF~ELFDGHKLHUUR FRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMRPDJQpWLFRGH P7 )LJXUD5HJLVWURVGHOVHQVRUXELFDGRDQWHVGHOEOLQGDMH %\GHQWURGHOEOLQGDMH$SDUDFDMDF~ELFDGHKLHUUR FRQHVSHVRUGHPP\GHQVLGDGGHÀXMRPDJQpWLFRGH P7 &RQFOXVLRQHV (OXVRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRVHQORVHVSHVRUHV HVSHFL¿FDGRV FRPR VLVWHPDV GH EOLQGDMH FRQWUD FDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLDQRHVDGH FXDGRSRUTXHVXHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHHVSUiF WLFDPHQWHQXOD /RV PDWHULDOHV PDJQpWLFRV RIUHFHQ XQ H[FHOHQWH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR FRPR EOLQGDMH FRQWUD FDPSRV PDJQpWLFRV GH EDMD IUHFXHQFLD HQ FRPSDUDFLyQ FRQORVPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRVGDGRTXHVXHIHFWL YLGDGGHEOLQGDMHHVPX\DOWR(VWDFRQFOXVLyQQR VH GHEH JHQHUDOL]DU SRUTXH ORV PDWHULDOHV PDJ QpWLFRVSXHGHQSUHVHQWDUVDWXUDFLyQSRUWDQWROD HIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHSXHGHUHGXFLUVH /DHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRV FHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLDHQHOFDVRGHOKLHUUR HVPD\RUHQODPHGLGDTXHVHDXPHQWHHOHVSHVRU GHOEOLQGDMH 7HFQXUD DxR 1R VHJXQGRVHPHVWUHGH UHFUHDFLRQHV 6H FRPSUREDURQ ORV SUHVXSXHVWRV WHyULFRV HQ FXDQWRDODEDMDHIHFWLYLGDGGHEOLQGDMHGHORVPD WHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRVHQIRUPDGHOiPL QD3RUORWDQWRVLVHSUHWHQGHEOLQGDUXQVLVWHPD TXH DFW~H FRPR YtFWLPD R IXHQWH FRQWUD FDPSR PDJQpWLFRFHUFDQRGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLDGHEHHQFH UUDUVHWRWDOPHQWHODUHJLyQFRQPDWHULDOHVPDJQp WLFRVGHDOWDSHUPHDELOLGDG 5HIHUHQFLDV >@ :+D\WDQG-%XFN³(QJLQHHULQJHOHF WURPDJQHWLFV´WK(G0F*UDZ+LOO1HZ <RUNS >@ 53 &OD\WRQ ³,QWURGXFWLRQ WR HOHFWUR PDJQHWLF FRPSDWLELOLW\´ QG (G :LOH\ 1HZ<RUNS >@ +:2WW³1RLVHUHGXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVLQ HOHFWURQLF V\VWHPV´ QG (G :LOH\ 1HZ <RUN (VWXGLRGHPDWHULDOHVPHWiOLFRV\PDJQpWLFRVFRPRVLVWHPDVGHEOLQGDMHDQWHOD LQFLGHQFLDGHFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRVFHUFDQRVGHEDMDIUHFXHQFLD 0DULR$5RGUtJXH]%$OHMDQGUR6iQFKH]6