*D\DQD%RW&RPXQLFDFLyQEUHYH *D\DQD%RW ,661 35(6(1&,$'(ROMULEA ROSEA/(&./,5,'$&($( &52&2,'($($'9(17,&,$(1&+,/((,19$/,'$&,Ï1'( CALYDOREA CHILENSIS 008f2= THE PRESENCE OF 5208/($526($ (L.) ECKL. (IRIDACEAE: CROCOIDEAE) ADVENTICIOUS IN CHILE, AND INVALIDATION OF &$/<'25($&+,/(16,6M.MUÑOZ *HUPiQ5RLWPDQ10pOLFD0XxR]6FKLFN0DUtD7(\]DJXLUUH &iWHGUDGH-DUGLQHUtD)DFXOWDGGH$JURQRPtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH%XHQRV$LUHV$Y6DQ0DUWtQ%XHQRV $LUHV$UJHQWLQD0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDO&DVLOOD6DQWLDJR&KLOH)XQGDFLyQ5$3KLOLSSLGH (VWXGLRV1DWXUDOHV(VWRULOR¿FLQD/DV&RQGHV6DQWLDJR&KLOH roitman@agro.uba.ar 1 $%675$&7 Romulea rosea,ULGDFHDH&URFRLGHDHDVSHFLHVRULJLQDORI6RXWK$IULFDLVFLWHGIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHIRU&KLOH7KH VSHFLHV LV GHVFULEHG DQG WKHUHIRUH Calydorea chilensis 00XxR] SXEOLVKHG UHFHQWO\ LV UHGXFHG WR QRPHQFODWXUDO synonym. /D IDPLOLD ,ULGDFHDH HV XQ JUXSR PRQR¿OpWLFR SHUWHQHFLHQWHDORUGHQ$VSDUDJDOHVFRQWLHQHFHUFD GHHVSHFLHVGLVWULEXLGDVHQDOUHGHGRUGHD JpQHURV5HHYHVet al.*ROGEODWW6H FDUDFWHUL]DSRUODSUHVHQFLDGHKRMDVLVRELODWHUDOHV HO RYDULR tQIHUR \ ODV ÀRUHV FRQ WUHV HVWDPEUHV (V GH GLVWULEXFLyQ FRVPRSROLWD \ VX FHQWUR GH UDGLDFLyQHVWiHQÈIULFDGRQGHWLHQHFHUFDGH HVSHFLHVPXFKDVGHODVFXDOHVHVWiQUHVWULQJLGDVDO VXUGHOFRQWLQHQWH*ROGEODWWet al. (O SULPHU DQiOLVLV ¿ORJHQpWLFR GH OD IDPLOLD *ROGEODWW HV OD EDVH GH OD PiV UHFLHQWH FODVL¿FDFLyQ HQ OD FXDO VH UHFRQRFHQ FXDWUR VXEIDPLOLDV ,VRSK\VLGRLGHDH FRQ XQ JpQHUR PRQRHVSHFt¿FR 1LYHQLRLGHDH JpQHURV FRQ HVSHFLHV,ULGRLGHDHJpQHURVFRQHVSHFLHV \&URFRLGHDHLQFOX\H,[LRLGHDHJpQHURVFRQ 875 especies. /D VXEIDPLOLD ,ULGRLGHDH GH DPSOLD GLVWULEXFLyQKDVLGRVXEGLYLGLGDHQFXDWURWULEXV OD WULEX 6LV\ULQFKLHDH FRQ HVSHFLHV HQ HO 1XHYR 0XQGR \ HQ HO 3DFt¿FR ODV WULEXV 7ULPH]LHDH \ 7LJULGLHDHUHVWULQJLGDVD$PpULFD\ODWULEX,ULGHDH SULQFLSDOPHQWHGHO9LHMR0XQGRSHURFRQDOJXQDV HVSHFLHVHQ1RUWHDPpULFD*ROGEODWWet al (Q HO VXU GH 6XGDPpULFD VH KDQ FLWDGR UHFLHQWHPHQWH JpQHURV HVSHFLHV QDWLYDV HVSHFLHV GH HOODV HQGpPLFDV WRGDV GH OD VXEIDPLOLD ,ULGRLGHDH \ HVSHFLHV DGYHQWLFLDV dos pertenecientes a la subfamilia Iridoideae y ocho HVSHFLHVGHODVXEIDPLOLD&URFRLGHDH5RLWPDQet al 3DUD &KLOH VH KDQ PHQFLRQDGR HVSHFLHV \ WD[RQHVLQIUDHVSHFt¿FRVQDWLYDVHQGpPLFDV \ GRV LQWURGXFLGDV &URFRVPLD [ FURFRVPLLÀRUD /HPRLQH H[ %XUELGJH HW 'HDQ 1(%U H Iris pseudacorus/5RGUtJXH]0DUWLFRUHQD Durante la preparación del manuscrito para el &DWiORJR GH OD )ORUD GHO &RQR 6XU GH OD IDPLOLD GH ODV ,ULGDFHDH 5RLWPDQ et al. HO SULPHU DXWRU SXGR REVHUYDU TXH XQ HMHPSODU GH KHUEDULR SURYHQLHQWH GH OD 5HJLyQ GHO 0DXOH HQ &KLOH \ descrito como una nueva especie de Calydorea SDUD &KLOH 0XxR]6FKLFN DSDUHQWHPHQWH SHUWHQHFtD DO JpQHUR Romulea ,ULGDFHDH &URFRLGHDH2EVHUYDFLRQHVGHIRWRVGHLQGLYLGXRV HQ FXOWLYR \ QXHYDV REVHUYDFLRQHV HQ WHUUHQR SHUPLWLHURQ FRQ¿UPDU TXH VH WUDWD GH Romulea Romulea roseaDGYHQWLFLDHQ&KLOHROITMAN*ET AL. rosea / (FNO HVSHFLH RULJLQDULD GH 6XGiIULFD 'H 9RV 0DQQLQJ *ROGEODWW TXH habita en pastizales secos y rocosos. (Q DJRVWR GHO DxR OD WHUFHUD DXWRUD HQFRQWUy XQD SREODFLyQ FUHFLHQGR HQ VXHORV DUHQRVRVHQ4XLQWD\OXJDUFRVWHURGHOD5HJLyQGH 9DOSDUDtVR)LJHOORVXPDGRDOSULPHUHQFXHQWUR FRQ OD HVSHFLH LQGLFDUtD TXH HV GH LQWURGXFFLyQ relativamente reciente. Romulea HV XQ JpQHUR GH ,ULGDFHDH FHUFD GH Crocus TXH FRPSUHQGH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH HVSHFLHVFRQGRVFHQWURVGHGLVWULEXFLyQ2HVWHGH (XURSD\6XG$IULFD'H9RV%U\DQ /DSULPHUDPHQFLyQGHXQDHVSHFLHGHHVWHJpQHUR para Chile corresponde a Romulea macowanii %DNHU 3KLOLSSL SHUR KDVWD HO PRPHQWR QR KD\ UHIHUHQFLDV GH TXH VH KD\D HVFDSDGR GH cultivo. FIGURA 1$&RUPRFRQGLHQWHVHQHOiSLFH6*2%'HWDOOHGHOIUXWRHQIRUPDFLyQGHSODQWDVFXOWLYDGDVHQ OD8QLYHUVLGDGGH7DOFD)RWRV$GH60RUHLUD%GH6+DKQ FIGURE 1.$&RUPZLWKOLWWOHWHHWKVDWWKHDSH[6*2%'HWDLORIWKHLPPDWXUHIUXLWFXOWLYDWHGDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\ RI7DOFD3KRWRJUDSKV$IURP60RUHLUD%IURP6+DKQ /D SUHVHQWH FRQWULEXFLyQ DGHPiV GH DJUHJDU una nueva especie adventicia a esta región de 6XGDPpULFDUHGXFHDODVLQRQLPLDXQDHVSHFLHGH Calydorea descrita recientemente. Se concluye HQWRQFHV TXH HQ &KLOH H[LVWH XQD VROD HVSHFLH de Calydorea, C. xiphioides 3RHSS (VSLQRVD (VSLQRVD Romulea rosea / (FNO 7RSRJU 9HU] 3ÀDQ]HQVDPPO(FNORQ %DVLyQLPRIxia rosea/6\VW1DW Calydorea chilensis 00XxR] *D\DQD %RW 3ODQWDKHUEiFHDJHy¿WDGHDFPGH DOWRFRUPRUHGRQGHDGRFRQORVFDWi¿ORVWHUPLQDGRV HQ¿QRVGLHQWHVGHPPGHODUJR)LJ $+RMDVDEDVDOHV¿OLIRUPHVDQJRVWDPHQWH WHWUiJRQDVFDQDOLFXODGDVGHDFPGHODUJRSRU DPPGHDQFKR(VFDSRXQLÀRURFRQEUiFWHD H[WHULRU FRQ HO PDUJHQ PHPEUDQiFHR DQJRVWR \ OD LQWHULRU FRQ PDUJHQ DQFKR PHPEUDQiFHR \ GH FRORUFDVWDxR)ORUHVFDPSDQXODGDVURVDGDVURMDV R EODQFDV XVXDOPHQWH FRQ XQDV UD\DV SXUS~UHDV VREUHHOWXERTXHHVDPDULOORYHUGRVRGHWDPDxR EDVWDQWHYDULDEOHFRQWpSDORVGHDPPGH ORQJLWXG (VWDPEUHV FRQ ORV ¿ODPHQWRV HUHFWRV *D\DQD%RW FDQDOLFXODGRV HQ OD FDUD LQWHUQD GH D PP GH ODUJROLEUHVHQWUHVtLQVHUWRVHQHOWXERGHOSHULJRQLR DQWHUDVGHDPPGHODUJRIRUPDQGRXQWXER (VWLOR ¿OLIRUPH DSHQDV H[HUWR R PiV FRUWR TXH HO WXERHVWDPLQDOFRQUDPDVFRUWDVHVWLJPiWLFDVHQ la mitad de su parte libre3HG~QFXORÀRUDOFXUYRDO FRPLHQ]R)LJ%HUHFWRDODPDGXUH]GHOIUXWR )UXWRFiSVXODWULORFXODUGHKLVFHQWHSRUORVGHVX ORQJLWXG6HPLOODVUHGRQGHDGDVGHDPPGH GLiPHWURGHFRORUFDVWDxRFODUR 2 &URVD FRP SHUV 7DPELpQ H[LVWHQ GDWRV GH HVWDU QDWXUDOL]DGD HQ (XURSD 1XHYD =HODQGLD \ &DOLIRUQLD HQ ((88 GRQGH OD OODPDQ ³URV\ VDQGFURFXV´ X ³RQLRQ JUDVV´ KWWSHQZLNLSHGLD RUJZLNL5RPXOHDBURVHD MATERIAL ESTUDIADO &+,/( 9,, 5HJLyQ GHO 0DXOH 3URYLQFLD 7DOFD &XUHSWR 9,,, ) 6FKLDSSDFDVVH VQ 6*2 +RORWLSR GH Calydorea chilensis 9 5HJLyQ GH 9DOSDUDtVR 4XLQWD\9,,,07(\]DJXLUUHVQ6*2 9,,,07(\]DJXLUUHVQ6*2 5HJLyQ GH 9DOSDUDtVR DFFHVR VXSHULRU D 3OD\D&KLFDGH4XLQWD\¶´6¶´ :,;00XxR]6*2 2EVHUYDFLRQHV(VXQDHVSHFLHGHDVSHFWRYDULDEOH HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ OR TXH UHVSHFWD DO WDPDxR HQ JHQHUDO\DOFRORUGHVXVÀRUHV(Q&KLOHWDQWRHQ 0DXOHFRPRHQOD]RQDGH4XLQWD\ODVÀRUHVVRQ URVDGDV)LJDEUHQHQJHQHUDOHQWUHODV\ K\SXHGHGDUKDVWDÀRUHVSRUSODQWD$OSULQFLSLR HOSHG~QFXORÀRUDOHVWHQGLGRSHURDPHGLGDTXH DEUH OD ÀRU VH YD SRQLHQGR HUHFWR 6XHOH FUHFHU HQ VXHORV DUHQRVRV /DV ÀRUHV VH YXHOYHQ D]XOHV OXHJRGHVHUSUHQVDGDVSDUDKHUEDULR/DSREODFLyQ REVHUYDGDHQ4XLQWD\HQXQDIUDQMDDQJRVWDGH mVHHQFXHQWUDHQXQOXJDUGHHVWDFLRQDPLHQWRGH YHKtFXORVRSHUWHQHFHDXQVLWLRVLQKDELWDUSRUOR cual no se le ve un futuro muy estable. 'LVWULEXFLyQ(QHOVXUGH6XGiIULFDHQOD5HJLyQ del Cabo. Ha sido encontrada asilvestrada en $XVWUDOLD0DQQLQJ*ROGEODWW\HQ8UXJXD\ Se entrega la siguiente clave para diferenciar las especies de Calydorea y Romulea citadas en Chile. FIGURA 2. Población de Romulea rosea4XLQWD\DJRVWR\GHWDOOHGHÀRU)RWRGH07(\]DJXLUUH FIGURE 2. Population of Romulea rosea4XLQWD\$XJXVWDQGÀRZHUGHWDLO3KRWRJUDSKE\07(\]DJXLUUH (QODGHVFULSFLyQGHCalydorea chilensisVHLQFOX\HQHVTXHPDVGHODSRVLFLyQ\IRUPDGHHVWDPEUHV\HVWLJPDVVHJ~Q*ROGEODWW +HQULFKGHGLIHUHQWHVHVSHFLHVGHCalydorea\FRLQFLGHFRQXQDTXHDOOtHVLQGLFDGDFRPRCalydorea sp. 0XxR](QHVH PRPHQWRQRVHSHUFDWyODDXWRUDGHODUWtFXORTXHDOJXQDVHVSHFLHVGHOJpQHURRomuleaWDPELpQSUHVHQWDQGHODPLVPDPDQHUDGLFKDV HVWUXFWXUDVTXHVRQXQDGHODVFODYHVSDUDGLIHUHQFLDUORVJpQHURV$OSDUHFHURomulea roseaHVXQDGHODVHVSHFLHVGHÀRUHVFKLFDV cuyos estigmas no sobrepasan a los estambres. Romulea roseaDGYHQWLFLDHQ&KLOHROITMAN*ET AL. 3ODQWDVSURYLVWDVGHEXOERVWXQLFDGRVGHFDWi¿ORVSURORQJDGRVSRUHOWDOOR,QÀRUHVFHQFLDHUHFWDFRQ ÀRUDV7pSDORVPX\GHOLFDGRVGHPPGHODUJRSRUPPGHDQFKR5DPDVGHOHVWLORGHD PPGHODUJROLEUHVHQFDVLODPLWDGGHVXODUJRDYHFHVEt¿GRVHQHOiSLFHCalydorea xiphioides 3ODQWDVSURYLVWDVGHFRUPRVFRQFDWi¿ORVFRUWRV\WHUPLQDGRVHQ¿QRVGLHQWHV,QÀRUHVFHQFLDXQLÀRUD FRQWpSDORV¿UPHV )ORUHVDPDULOODVDQDUDQMDGDVHQODJDUJDQWDFRQHOWXERÀRUDOGHPiVGHPPGHODUJR .....……………………………………………................................................……Romulea macowanii )ORUHVYLROiFHDVURVDGDVURMDVREODQFDVFRQODJDUJDQWDDPDULOODSURYLVWDGHOtQHDVSXUS~UHDVFRQ WXERÀRUDOGHPHQRVGHPPGHODUJR«««««««««««««Romulea rosea $*5$'(&,0,(1726 $O 'U -RKQ 0DQQLQJ HVSHFLDOLVWD PXQGLDO GHO 6RXWK$IULFDQ1DWLRQDO%LRGLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWHSRUVX FRPHQWDULRVREUHHVWDHVSHFLH$6HUJLR0RUHLUDSRU VXFRODERUDFLyQHQWHUUHQR\D6WHIIHQ+DKQ\3HUV\ *yPH]SRUVXFRODERUDFLyQHQLQIRUPDFLyQ\IRWRV GHODHVSHFLHFXOWLYDGDHQOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH7DOFD %,%/,2*5$),$ BRYAN, J. 2002. %XOEV7LPEHU3UHVV2UHJRQSS DE VOS 03 %\GUDH WRW GLH PRUSKRORJLH HQ anatomie van Romulea'LHNQRO-RXUQDORI 6RXWK$IULFDQ%RWDQ\ DE VOS, 037KHJHQXVRomulea in South Africa. -RXUQDORI6RXWK$IULFDQ%RWDQ\6XSSO ESPINOSA 0 'RV SODQWDV FKLOHQDV GH EXOERV FRPHVWLEOHV5HYLVWD&KLOHQDGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDO WI GOLDBLATT, 3 3K\ORJHQ\ DQG FODVVL¿FDWLRQ RI ,ULGDFHDH $QQDOV RI WKH 0LVVRXUL %RWDQLFDO *DUGHQ GOLDBLATT3,ULGDFHDH,Q)ORUDRI1RUWK$PHULFD 2[IRUG8QLY3UHVV1HZ<RUN GOLDBLATT, P., J. C. MANNING & P. RUDALL ,ULGDFHDH ,Q . .XELW]NL HG )DPLOLHV DQG *HQHUD RI )ORZHULQJ 3ODQWV 9RO 6SULQJHU9HUODJ+HLGHOEHUJ MANNING, J.C. & P. GOLDBLATT $ V\QRSWLF review of Romulea ,ULGDFHDH &URFRLGHDH LQ VXE6DKDUDQ$IULFD WKH$UDELDQ 3HQLQVXOD DQG 6RFRWUDLQFOXGLQJQHZVSHFLHVELRORJLFDOQRWHV DQGDQHZLQIUDJHQHULFFODVVL¿FDWLRQ$GDQVRQLD MUÑOZ-SCHICK07UHVQXHYDVPRQRFRWLOHGyQHDV GHVFXELHUWDVHQ&KLOHAlstroemeria mollensis0 0XxR] HW %ULQFN $OVWURHPHULDFHDH Miersia chilensis var. bicolor 00XxR] *LOOLHVLDFHDH y Calydorea chilensis 00XxR] ,ULGDFHDH *D\DQD%RWiQLFD PHILIPPI ) /LVWD GH ODV SODQWDV LQFRUSRUDGDV DO -DUGtQ %RWiQLFR GHVGH HO GH PD\R GH KDVWD HO GH PD\R GH $QDOHV GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDGGH&KLOH REEVES G., M. W. CHASE, P. GOLDBLATT, P. RUDALL, M. F. FAY, A. V. COX, B. LEJEUNE & T. SOUZACHIES0ROHFXODUV\VWHPDWLFVRI,ULGDFHDH HYLGHQFH IURP IRXU SODVWLG '1$ UHJLRQV $PHULFDQ-RXUQDORI%RWDQ\ RODRÍGUEZ, R. & C. MARTICORENA &RPHQWDULRV WD[RQyPLFRV HQ ,ULGDFHDH FKLOHQDV *D\DQD %RWiQLFD ROITMAN, G., A. CASTILLO & I. MAZA. 2008. Iridaceae. (Q)2=XORDJD0%HOJUDQR20RUURQH HGV &DWiORJR GH ODV 3ODQWDV 9DVFXODUHV GHO &RQR 6XU 9RO 0RQRJUDSKV LQ 6\VWHPDWLF %RWDQ\IURPWKH0LVVRXUL%RWDQLFDO*DUGHQ KWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL5RPXOHDBURVHD 5HFLELGR $FHSWDGR