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QSFTDPMBSZVOJWFSTJUBSJBQFSPFOBNCPTDBTPTDPOOPUBCMFTTFTHPT TPDJBMFTFOFMJOHSFTPWnBTFUBCMB Tabla 1 Cobertura educativa según nivel de ingreso familiar. Encuesta CASEN 2000. Quintil de ingreso Familiar Quintil V Quintil IV Quintil III Quintil II Quintil I Educación Parvularia Educación Básica 50% 38% 32% 28% 26% 98% 98% 97% 96% 95% Educación Educación Media Superior 97% 95% 92% 87% 81% 65% 43% 28% 15% 8% 1PSPUSBQBSUFTPONVZTJHOJ¾DBUJWPTMPTBWBODFTFOMBDBMJEBEEF MBJOGSBFTUSVDUVSBZMPTFRVJQBNJFOUPTEFOVFTUSBTFTDVFMBTZMJDFPT BTrDPNPFMBVNFOUPFYQPOFODJBMFOFMO|NFSPEFUFYUPTFTDPMBSFT EJTUSJCVJEPTHSBUVJUBNFOUFZEFMBTSBDJPOBMFTBMJNFOUJDJBTFOUSFHB EBTFOMBTFTDVFMBTBMPTBMVNOPTNgTQPCSFTMBTDVBMFTTFIBONgT RVFEVQMJDBEPFOMPT|MUJNPTBvPTQBTBOEPEFBNgTEF EFSBDJPOFTEJBSJBT &OMBPUSBDBSBEFMBNPOFEBFTQPTJCMFBQSFDJBSRVFMBNJTNBDSJTJT FEVDBDJPOBMDPOTUBUBEBB¾OFTEFMPTBvPTWVFMWFBSFBQBSFDFSJO DMVTPBHVEJ[gOEPTFFOBMHVOPTBTQFDUPTJOFRVJEBEZTFHNFOUBDJwO 1BSBFOGSFOUBSFTUBDSJTJTZNPEJ¾DBSMPTQJMBSFTEFMTJTUFNBFEVDBUJWP FT RVF MPT FTUVEJBOUFT TFDVOEBSJPT DIJMFOPT QSPUBHPOJ[BO FM NBZPS NPWJNJFOUPTPDJBMEFM$IJMFEFQPTEJDUBEVSBZRVFNgTBEFMBOUFBOB MJ[BSFNPTDPOBMH|OEFUBMMF-PTFMFNFOUPTDFOUSBMFTEFFTUBDSJTJTMPT QPESrBNPTSFTVNJSFODVBUSPFMFNFOUPTFTUBODBNJFOUPEFMBDBMJEBE JOFRVJEBETFHNFOUBDJwOFEVDBUJWBZEFTDPOFYJwOFOUSFMPTQPTUVMB 3PESJHP$PSOFKP+VBO(PO[gMF[Z+VBO1$BMEJDIPVSZ EPTQFEBHwHJDP¾MPTw¾DPTEFMBSFGPSNBFEVDBUJWBZMBTQSgDUJDBTFT DPMBSFT/PTSFGFSJSFNPTBDBEBVOPEFFMMPTCSFWFNFOUF B &TUBODBNJFOUP EF MB DBMJEBE -PT SFTVMUBEPT EF BQSFOEJ[BKF NFEJEPTBUSBWnTEFM4*.$&ZPUSBTQSVFCBTFTUBOEBSJ[BEBTTFIBO NBOUFOJEPFTUBODBEPTBMPMBSHPEFUPEPTFTUPTBvPTBMNFOPTEFT EFRVFFTQPTJCMFEFDPNQBSBSMPTSFTVMUBEPTEFMBTEJTUJOUBTNFEJ DJPOFT5BMDPNPTFBQSFDJBFOFMHSg¾DPFTUFFTUBODBNJFOUPFO MPTSFTVMUBEPTFTDPN|OQBSBMPTDPMFHJPTNVOJDJQBMFTMPTQBSUJDVMB SFTTVCWFODJPOBEPTZMPTQBSUJDVMBSFTQBHBEPT Gráfico 1 Resultados SIMCE para 4° año básico por sistema de administración 350 100 86 85 90 86 80 80 74 70 63 60 50 40 54 73 71 70 64 65 292 298 298 255 256 254 238 238 235 300 puntaje IRT % resp. correct. Puntaje en series comparables y no comparables 250 68 200 56 49 150 30 100 20 50 10 Municipal 0 0 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1996 1999 2002 Privado subv. Privado no subv. Fuente: García Huidobro, 2004. -BTNFEJDJPOFT4*.$&BOUFSJPSFTBMBvPGVFSPOSFBMJ[BEBTDPOVOBNFUPEPMP HrBFTUBErTUJDBRVFIBDrBJNQPTJCMFTVDPNQBSBDJwO&OPUSBTQBMBCSBTIBCFSPCUFOJEPNgT QVOUPTFOFM4*.$&EFMBvPSFTQFDUPEFMBvPOPFSBVOJOEJDBEPSEFOBEB%JTUJOUPFTFM DBTPEFMBNFUPEPMPHrBVUJMJ[BEBQPSFM4*.$&EFTEFFMBvPDPOPDJEBDPNPEF²SFTQVFTUB BMrUFN³MBDVBMTrQFSNJUFDPNQBSBDJPOFTFOUSFTVTEJTUJOUBTWFSTJPOFT 1BSUJDJQBDJwOFJODJEFODJBEFMBTPDJFEBEDJWJMFMDBTPDIJMFOP C $SFDJFOUFJOFRVJEBE&TUPTNJTNPTSFTVMUBEPTTJHVFOQSFTFO UBOEPOPUPSJBTEJGFSFODJBTEFBDVFSEPDPOFMOJWFMTPDJPFDPOwNJDP EFMBTGBNJMJBTZMBTFTDVFMBTBMBTRVFBTJTUFOMPTFTUVEJBOUFT6OB GPSNBEFBQSFDJBSFTUBCSFDIBFTBOBMJ[BSMPTQVOUBKFT4*.$&FOSFMB DJwODPOFMÊOEJDFEF7VMOFSBCJMJEBE&EVDBUJWB*7& EFDBEBFTUBCMF DJNJFOUP&OFMHSg¾DPTFQVFEFBQSFDJBSFMQVOUBKF4*.$& EFCgTJDPFO-FOHVBKFZ.BUFNgUJDBTPCUFOJEPQPSDBEBVOPEF MPTFTUBCMFDJNJFOUPTDIJMFOPTDPOTJEFSBOEPTV*7&$BEBQFRVFvP DrSDVMPFTVOBFTDVFMBFOFMDVBESBOUFTVQFSJPSEFSFDIPTFVCJDBO MBTFTDVFMBTBMUBNFOUFWVMOFSBCMFTRVFPCUJFOFOQVOUBKFTTVQFSJP SFTBMQSPNFEJPOPBMDBO[BOBTFS Gráfico 2 Resultados SIMCE y Vulnerabilidad Educativa de las Escuelas Chilenas Fuente: Belleï, Muñoz, Pérez y Raczynski, 2004. &MÊOEJDFEF7VMOFSBCJMJEBE&EVDBUJWBFTVOJOEJDBEPSEFWVMOFSBCJMJEBETPDJPFDPOw NJDBZDVMUVSBMDPOTUSVJEPQPSMB+6/"&#PSHBOJTNPHVCFSOBNFOUBMRVFEFTBSSPMMBEJWFSTPT QSPHSBNBTEFBQPZPBMPTTFDUPSFTNgTEFTGBWPSFDJEPT4FUSBUBEFVOJOEJDBEPSEFBNQMJP VTPFOOVFTUSPTJTUFNBFTDPMBS 6OQSPGVOEPBOgMJTJTEFMPTSFTVMUBEPT4*.$&Z146TFH|OQSPDFEFODJBTPDJPFDP OwNJDBTFFODVFOUSBFO3FEPOEP%FDPVWJFSFTZ3PKBT 3PESJHP$PSOFKP+VBO(PO[gMF[Z+VBO1$BMEJDIPVSZ 1PEFNPTEFDJSFOUPODFTRVFMBHSBONBZPSrBEFOVFTUSPTOJvPT ZKwWFOFTUJFOFBDDFTPBMBFEVDBDJwOPCMJHBUPSJBQFSPOPUPEPTUJF OFOEFSFDIPBDPOUBSDPOVOBFEVDBDJwOEFDBMJEBE-BDBMJEBEQBSF DFFTUBSSFTFSWBEBQBSBRVJFOQVFEBQBHBSMB D $SJTJT EF TFHNFOUBDJwO TPDJBM FO MBT FTDVFMBT P ²BQBSUIFJE³ FEVDBUJWP%FMBNBOPEFMQSPDFTPEFDSFDJFOUFJOFRVJEBEBQBSFDF VOGFOwNFOPBCTPMVUBNFOUFOVFWPFOMBIJTUPSJBDIJMFOBMBTFHNFO UBDJwO TPDJBM EF MPT FTUBCMFDJNJFOUPT FEVDBDJPOBMFT -BT FTDVFMBT DIJMFOBTBUJFOEFOBBMVNOPTDBEBWF[NgTIPNPHnOFPTFOUnSNJ OPT EF TVT OJWFMFTTPDJPFDPOwNJDPZDBSBDUFSrTUJDBT TPDJPDVMUVSB MFTDPOMBTHSBWFTDPOTFDVFODJBTEFEFTJOUFHSBDJwOTPDJBMRVFFMMP DPOMMFWB &YJTUFOIPZFO$IJMFBMNFOPTDJODPTJTUFNBTDFSSBEPTZFYDMV ZFOUFTEFBENJOJTUSBDJwO » FMQBSUJDVMBSQBHBEPEPOEFBDVEFOMBTFMJUFTEFMQBrTFMEF MBNBUSJDVMB » FMQBSUJDVMBSTVCWFODJPOBEPDPO¾OBODJBNJFOUPDPNQBSUJEPEPO EF TF TFMFDDJPOBO FTUVEJBOUFT Z MPT QBESFT QBHBO DVPUBT NFO TVBMFTQBSBDPNQMFNFOUBSMBTVCWFODJwORVFEBFM&TUBEP » FMQBSUJDVMBSTVCWFODJPOBEPTJO¾OBODJBNJFOUPDPNQBSUJEPRVF SFDJCF TVCWFODJwO EFM &TUBEP Z OP MF DPCSB B MBT GBNJMJBT QFSP RVFUBNCJnOQVFEFTFMFDDJPOBSFTUVEJBOUFT » FMNVOJDJQBMEFDPNVOBTSJDBTDPONBZPSFTSFDVSTPTNVZQPDBT EPOEFFM.VOJDJQJPJOWJFSUFGPOEPTQSPQJPTQBSBDPNQMFNFOUBSMB TVCWFODJwORVFEBFM&TUBEP » FM NVOJDJQBM EF DPNVOBT QPCSFT EPOEF MPT FTUVEJBOUFT EFCFO FEVDBSTFTPMBNFOUFDPOMPTFTDBTPTSFDVSTPTRVFFOUSFHBMBTVC WFODJwO FTUBUBM &TUPT SFDVSTPT TFH|O UPEPT MPT FTUVEJPT TPO JOTV¾DJFOUFT &OMB5BCMBTFQVFEFBQSFDJBSDwNPMPTBMVNOPTEFGBNJMJBTDPO OJWFMFTTJNJMBSFTEFJOHSFTPTFIBOJEPBHSVQBOEPFOFTUBCMFDJNJFO UPTEFJHVBMUJQPEFBENJOJTUSBDJwOBMPMBSHPEFMBEnDBEBEFMPT 1BSUJDJQBDJwOFJODJEFODJBEFMBTPDJFEBEDJWJMFMDBTPDIJMFOP Tabla 2 Segmentación educativa por quintiles de ingreso y dependencia administrativa Q u in t ile s d e I n g r e s o I + II III IV + V 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 Pagado 21% 10% 13% 13% 66% 77% Pa rt. 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