Emergencia de las formas vivas: aspectos dinámicos de la biología

Emergencia de las formas vivas: aspectos
dinámicos de la biología evolutiva
Lorena Caballero
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
-7&2
Ciudad de México
CopIt ArXives
2008
CopIt ArXives
Ciudad de México Copyright © 2008 por Lorena Caballero
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Publicado 2008 por CopIt ArXives
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7=^B 89 A9HZ:CF5G ;9B[H=75G D5F5 @CG A975B=GACG 89@ 89G5FFC@@C
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@C 7CAC BI9GHFC A[HC8C 9LD@=75H=JC 9B7CBHF5F9ACG 9B @5 ;9B[H=75
BI9GHF5 9LD@=757=^B D9FC BC 8969ACG 89 5GIA=F@C 5 DF=CF= B= H5A
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9B F95@=858 6I9B5G F5NCB9G D5F5 7F99F EI9 @5 ;9B[H=75 G9 F98I79 5@
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=7 A9H5D<CFG :CF 89J9@CDA9BH5@ A97<5B=GAG H<CI;< GCA9 D9F<5DG A5BM 89J9@CDA9BH5@
A97<5B=GAG K=@@ =B8998 69 ;9B9H=7 A97<5B=GAG CH<9FG K=@@ 69 =FF98I7=6@9 HC ;9B9H=7 GI6
GHF5H9G !H A5M K9@@ HIFB CIH 9J9B =: K9 H5?9 89J9@CDA9BH 5G CIF 9LD@5B5B8IA H<5H
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" F57=5G 5 @5 =BPI9B7=5 89 D9BG58CF9G 7F\H=7CG 7CAC CI@8 M $9KCBH=B
M 9GD97=5@A9BH9 GI DFCDI9GH5 GC6F9 9@ 9EI=@=6F=C DIBHI58C 9B
8CB89 F97CBC79B @5 DCG=6=@=858 89 IB5 9JC@I7=^B BC @=B95@ 9AD=9N5 5 F9
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6=C@C;\5 89@ 89G5FFC@@C D5F5 7CADF9B89F DFC79GCG BC F9GI9@HCG DCF @5 ;9B[H=75
M @5 9JC@I7=^B M 89 5<\ @5 B979G=858 89 =B7CFDCF5F 5 @5 ;9B[H=75 5@ 89G5FFC@@C
M 5 @5 9JC@I7=^B 7CAC IB A=GAC DFC6@9A5 IB DFC6@9A5 89 HF9G 7I9FDCG 9G
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9A6F=^@C;CG 7CAD5F5H=JCG 89@ G=;@C 0!0 YGH5 BC 7CAC H9CF\5 :CFA5@ H=9B9
5BH97989BH9G 9B @5G =895G 89 F=GH^H9@9G M DCGH9F=CFA9BH9 9B 9@ G=;@C 0!0 9F5
D5FH9 =ADCFH5BH9 89 @5G =895G 89 J5F=CG =BJ9GH=;58CF9G 7CAC #5F@ FBGH .CB
59F FBGH 597?9@ %9?9@ +9FF9G 5@:CIF M 8IF5BH9 9@ G=;@C 00 %CF;5B
89 99F /588=B;HCB C@87<A=8H 'G6CFB CBB9F M 5FGH5B; 9BHF9 CHFCG
&C 9G <5GH5 7CB 9@ 89G7I6F=A=9BHC 89 ;FIDCG 89 ;9B9G 5GC7=58CG 7CB
G97I9B7=5G 89 65G9G G=A=@5F9G @5G @@5A585G 75>5G <CA9^H=75G CA9C6CL C
89 89G5FFC@@C M DF=B7=D5@A9BH9 9B F9@57=^B 5 @CG ;9B9G 89 @5 :5A=@=5 CL EI9
9GD97=O75B @5 G9;A9BH57=^B 9B =BG97HCG M D@5B9G 7CFDCF5@9G 9B J9FH96F58CG
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7CBC7=A=9BHC 7CAC D5FH9 =ADCFH5BH9 89BHFC 89 @5 7=9B7=5 AC89FB5 9B @5
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M 89G57H=J5F CHFCG 9B 9@ ACA9BHC 7CFF97HC += 6=9B 9G 7=9FHC EI9
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F9EI9F=ACG G=B 9A65F;C 5@;C AZG EI9 9GH5G 897@5F57=CB9G 56
GC@IH5A9BH9 J9F8589F5G 56GC@IH5A9BH9 J57\5GT +M8B9M F9B9F
9B *C69FH $5 =B79FH=8IA6F9 579F75 89 @CG A975B=GACG CBHC;[B=7CG M @5 A5B9F5 9B @5
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F9GI@H58C 89 @5 B979G=858 89 9B7CBHF5F D5HFCB9G ;9B9F5@9G 89BHFC 89 @5G F989G
7CAD@9>5G 89 @5 HF5M97HCF=5 CBHC;9B[H=75 M J9F 89BHFC 89 [GH5G @CG DFC79GCG
EI9 D9FA=H9B @5 9JC@I7=^B <57=5 CHF5G :CFA5G C =B7@IGC @5 7CBG9FJ57=^B 89
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89G5FFC@@C M @5 9JC@I7=^B G9 9GH56@979 7CB ;F5B :I9FN5 9B @CG D@5BH95A=9BHCG
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7=^B 89 BI9J5G 9GD97=9G C S&CJ98589G JC@IH=J5GT
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H5 D5F5 9BH9B89F 9@ AIB8C 89 @5G :CFA5G += 89BHFC 89 9GH9 DFC79GC 9B 9@
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75@5G 89 H=9ADC M 9GD57=C DCF H5BHC @CG DFC79GCG =BJC@I7F58CG 5D5F9BH9A9BH9
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89BHFC 89 9GH9 A5F7C @CG 8=:9F9BH9G 8=G7IFGCG 9A9F;9B 7CAC :CFA5G :57H=6@9G M
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M 5J5B79G 9BHFC 89 @CG D@5BH95A=9BHCG 89 9GH9 HF565>C D5FHC 89 @5 B979G=858
89 7CBG=89F5F 5 @5 H9CF\5 89 @5 7CAD@9>=858 M @CG G=GH9A5G 8=BZA=7CG M5 EI9
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9GH56@97=8C 89BHFC 89 @5 J=B7I@57=^B 9BHF9 @5 9JC@I7=^B M 89G5FFC@@C BCG G=FJ9
89 AC89@C 9B @5 6`GEI985 89 F9GDI9GH5G 5 @CG DFC6@9A5G :IB85A9BH5@9G 89 @5
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9B @5 8=J9FG=858 @5 :CFA5 9B @5 EI9 9A9F;9B 9JC@I7=CB5B M G9 9LH=B;I9B M
7^AC @CG A975B=GACG ACF:C;9B[H=7CG 7CBHFC@5B @CG 9GH58CG C 7CBO;IF57=CB9G
DCG=6@9G 89 @5G :CFA5G J=J5G 9 9GH9 AC8C @5 G=GH9AZH=75 DC8FZ 9@56CF5F
G=GH9A5G 89 7CBC7=A=9BHC M CF89B5A=9BHC 89 @5 8=J9FG=858 AZG 79F75BCG 5 @5G
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75A=B5B8C @C M5 5B858C DC8F9ACG 89 7=9FH5 A5B9F5 7CBH5F @5G A`@H=D@9G
<=GHCF=5G 89 @5 J=85DCFEI9 HC8C @C EI9 GIF;9 89BHFC 89 9@@5 BC DI989 G9F
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34 X@J5F9N IM@@5 @9B5 S$5 8=J9FG=858 89 @5G :CFA5G J9;9H5@9GT =9B7=5G
*9J=GH5 89 8=:IG=^B 57I@H58 89 =9B7=5G -&% %[L=7C 6F=@>IB=C
34 @J5F9N IM@@5 @9B5 % 9B\H9N 9@@9N5 <5CG GD=BCN5+CHC
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34 9@8589 (5HF=7=5 #99G #CCDG M (5I@ % F5?9GO9@8 S%C8I@5F=
HM =B8=J=8I5@=HM 5B8 9JC89JC =B 6IHH9FPM K=B;GT (&+ .C@ 34 9B\H9N #9=BF58 %5F=5B5 ,9G=G 89 A59GHF\5 *989G ;9B[H=75G M 89H9F
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34 GD=BCG5+CHC 5F@CG(56@C (58=@@5$CB;CF=5 M @9B5 * @J5F9NIM@@5
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34 9FF5H9F %CF5 "CG[ =77=CB5F=C 89 O@CGC:\5 @=5BN5 8=HCF=5@
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34 %=F5ACBH9G (98FC S(5=G5>9G 9A6F=C@^;=7CG M ;9B9GT =9B7=5G *9
J=GH5 89 8=:IG=^B 57I@H58 89 7=9B7=5G -&% %[L=7C B9FCA5FNC
34 %CF=B 8;5F @ A[HC8C $5 B5HIF5@9N5 89 @5 B5HIF5@9N5 ZH98F5
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757=^B 89 @5G 5J9G IB5 BI9J5 J=G=^B 9B &`]9N5F:ZB " M $ ;I=5FH9
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34 &=7C@=G !BHFC8I7H=CB HC BCB@=B95F G7=9B79 5A6F=8;9 -B=J9FG=HM
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34 (@5H^B =Z@C;CG 8=HCF=5@ (CFF`5 + %[L=7C 34 (=BHCCFF9=5 @5F5 ,<9 CJ5FM C: J9 ;; 5B8 +D9FA 5B8 (F9:CFA5
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