Sistemas de notación musical alternativos (II)

MUSICOLOGÍA

penalver@uji.es
Sistemas de notación
musical alternativos (II)
Una aproximación a la grafía del ritmo duracional
| Alternative systems of musical notation (II):
An approach to the spelling of rhythm durational
Resumen
    


VLFD LPSOLFD XQ JUDGR GH GLÀFXOWDG FRQVL
     


PXVLFDORFFLGHQWDO6XÀQDOLGDGHVTXHHO

HÀFD]XQVLVWHPDHVSHFtÀFR\H[WHQGLGR
   

    



     
      

        




núm. 3 | 2012
L
< 48
MUSICOLOGÍA
Palabras clave
      

Abstract


      
GLIÀFXOW\ 7UDGLWLRQDO DSSURDFKHV WR PXVLF

      

DQGHIIHFWLYHDV\VWHPVSHFLÀFDQGH[WHQ
     

     

      


      
       
    
     



Keywords
      

Introducción
(QWHQGHPRVSRUQRWDFLyQPXVLFDOHOFRQ
MXQWR GH VLJQRV TXH WLHQHQ SRU REMHWR UH
SUHVHQWDUJUiÀFDPHQWHXQDUHDOLGDGVRQRUD
TXH PiV WDUGH HV VXVFHSWLEOH GH SRGHUVH
HMHFXWDUUHSURGXFLURLQWHUSUHWDU/DQRWD
FLyQ KD SHUPLWLGR SHUSHWXDU OD P~VLFD VLQ
HPEDUJR KD H[SHULPHQWDGR PXOWLWXG GH
PRGLÀFDFLRQHVDORODUJRGHOWLHPSRGHVGH
ODQRWDFLyQEDELOyQLFDSDUDHOLQVWUXPHQWLVWD
GHOLUDODQRWDFLyQDOIDEpWLFDJULHJDSDUDHO
HMHFXWDQWHGHDXORVODHVFULWXUDQHXPiWLFD
HQHOUHSHUWRULRJUHJRULDQRODQRWDFLyQFXD
GUDGD OD QRWDFLyQ JXLGRQLDQD OD QRWDFLyQ
GLDVWHPiWLFDDTXLWDQDODQRWDFLyQPHQVXUDO
TXHVXSXVRXQDYDQFHHQWRUQRDOULWPR\OD
GXUDFLyQ GHO VRQLGR HO VLVWHPD GH FRPSD
VHV\ODHYROXFLyQGHODSDXWDPXVLFDOKDVWD
DOFDQ]DU HO SHQWDJUDPD \ HO DFWXDO FyGLJR
XQLYHUVDO$Vt SXHV KR\ SRU KR\ XQD SLH]D
PXVLFDOSXHGHVHUOHtGDLQWHUSUHWDGD\GL
IXQGLGDSRUWRGRHOPXQGRVLHPSUH\FXDQGR
VHFLxDDOVLVWHPDGHHVFULWXUDEDVDGRHQHO

FDOHVUHTXLVLWRSDUDXQDSUHQGL]DMHPXVLFDO
VHULR \ RUWRGR[R HQ XQD HQVHxDQ]D IRUPDO
VRQSRFDVODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHQHOPXQGRTXH
HQVHxDQ P~VLFD H[FOXVLYDPHQWH GH RtGR
'HVGHHOSULPHUDxRGHHQWUHQDPLHQWREi
VLFDPHQWH OR SULPHUR TXH VH HQVHxD \ VH
LQFXOFD HV OD OHFWXUD \ HVFULWXUD PXVLFDO
3RU DQDORJtD FRQ OD HGXFDFLyQ KXPDQtVWLFD
ORSULPHURTXHVHQRVHQVHxDHQODHVFXHOD
HVDOHHU\HVFULELUHQQXHVWURSURSLRLGLRPD
SXHVGHRWURPRGRVHUtDLPSRVLEOHDYDQ]DU
HQ HO UHVWR GH ODV iUHDV GH QXHVWUD HGXFD
FLyQ&RQFUHWDPHQWHHQFXDQWRDODOHFWR
HVFULWXUD HO REMHWLYR SULQFLSDO GHO SURFHVR
GHDOIDEHWL]DFLyQPXVLFDOHVHVWDEOHFHUXQD
DVRFLDFLyQHQWUHODSHUFHSFLyQDXGLWLYD\VX
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiÀFDRYLVXDOTXHSHUPLWL
UiPiVDGHODQWHFRPSUHQGHU\GRPLQDUXQ
FyGLJRHVSHFtÀFRGHQRWDFLyQPXVLFDO






1R REVWDQWH VH SODQWHDQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV
FXHVWLRQHV¢(VDSURSLDGRHPSOHDUHOVLVWH
PDGHQRWDFLyQFRQYHQFLRQDOGHVGHHOSULQ
FLSLRHVGHFLUGHVGHODHWDSDGHLQLFLDFLyQ"
¢,QWHUHVDQ RWURV PHGLRV GH UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ
JUiÀFD"¢6HSXHGHQSUDFWLFDURWURVVLVWHPDV
TXH UHHPSODFHQ \ UHQXHYHQ HQ SDUWH DO
JXQRV DVSHFWRV GH OD HVFULWXUD WUDGLFLRQDO
HO FyGLJR PXVLFDO PiV H[WHQGLGR HQ 2FFL
GHQWH" 0L FXULRVLGDG \ HO LQWHUpV HQ RIUH
FHUQXHYDVSURSXHVWDVGLGiFWLFDVPHOOHYy
DGLVHxDURSUHVHQWDUFRQXQQXHYRHQIRTXH
UHFXUVRVDOWHUQDWLYRVSDUDODQRWDFLyQUtWPL
FDTXHSHUPLWtDQIDFLOLWDUODOHFWRHVFULWXUD
IDYRUHFtDQODDVRFLDFLyQHQWUHHOVRQLGR\VX
UHSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiÀFD\ODFRPSUHQVLyQGHO
OHQJXDMHPXVLFDO
sumario
núm. 3 | 2012
Dr. José María Peñalver Vilar
49 >
Notación alternativa
del ritmo musical

E6XPDGHSXOVDFLRQHVWHUQDULD
JUXSRVGH
Ritmo duracional o cuantitativo. Aproximación a las figuras
de nota

D ž RUGHQ GH VXEGLYLVLyQ GH OD SXOVD
FLyQ
$O LJXDO TXH HQ HO HMHPSOR DQWHULRU HO
     
GHHMHFXFLyQ\ORPHGLPRVHQSXOVDFLRQHV
3DUWLPRVGHODQHJUDFRPRUHIHUHQFLDSDUD
LQLFLDU D OD PpWULFD 'H HVWH PRGR HO VLV
WHPD DOWHUQDWLYR DQWHULRU YD DVRFLiQGRVH
SURJUHVLYDPHQWH D ORV VLJQRV JUiÀFRV FRQ

/DSXOVDFLyQSXHGHUHSUHVHQWDUVHHQSUL
PHUOXJDUSRUODQHJUD
EHURUGHQGHVXEGLYLVLyQGHODSXOVD
FLyQ

3XOVDFLyQžRUGHQGHVXEGLYLVLyQGHO

 žRUGHQGHVXEGLYLVLyQ

núm. 3 | 2012
žRUGHQGHVXEGLYLVyQ
< 50

MUSICOLOGÍA







D6XPDGHSXOVDFLRQHVELQDULD
JUXSRVGH
2EWHQHPRV HO UHVWR GH ÀJXUDV GH QRWD
SRUODVXEGLYLVLyQRODVXPDGHSXOVDFLRQHV
sumario
núm. 3 | 2012

WDQWH\UHJXODUFX\DFDUDFWHUtVWLFDHVODFRP
ELQDFLyQ\GLIHUHQFLDFLyQGHVRQLGRVGHGLV
WLQWDGXUDFLyQ(VFLHUWRTXHHQODLQLFLDFLyQ
PXVLFDO VH SUDFWLFD OD VHQVLELOL]DFLyQ UtWPL
FD D WUDYpV GH OD GLVFULPLQDFLyQ DXGLWLYD \
ODSUiFWLFDGHGLYHUVDVDFHQWXDFLRQHV(QOD
HVFULWXUD FRQYHQFLRQDO OD PpWULFD KDFH XVR
GHODVÀJXUDVGHQRWD\VLOHQFLRSDUDUHSUH
     
QHVGHOVRQLGR3DUDVXSHUDUODVGLÀFXOWDGHV
GH HVFULWXUD TXH SUHVHQWDQ GLFKRV PRGHORV
VHSODQWHDODVLJXLHQWHQRWDFLyQDOWHUQDWLYD
TXHSRUVXVHQFLOOH]\FODULGDGSHUPLWHWUD
EDMDUGHPRGRH[FOXVLYRORVDVSHFWRVUtWPL
FRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODGXUDFLyQ
51 >
   R ž RUGHQ GH VXEGLYLVLyQ
GHODSXOVDFLyQ




F2EWHQHPRVODEODQFDFRPRVXPDGH
SXOVDFLRQHV




H 3UHVHQWDPRV ODV HTXLYDOHQFLDV HQWUH
     
QRPEUHGHODVÀJXUDVGHQRWD









E/DVHPLFRUFKHDRHURUGHQGHVXEGL
YLVLyQGHODSXOVDFLyQ




G2EWHQHPRVODUHGRQGDFRPRVXPDGH
SXOVDFLRQHV









< 52
núm. 3 | 2012
núm. 3 | 2012


MUSICOLOGÍA
sumario
53 >
&RPRKHPRVSRGLGRFRPSUREDUODGXUD
FLyQGHOVRQLGR\GHOVLOHQFLRVRQSDUiPHWURV
TXH SXHGHQ UHSUHVHQWDUVH JUiÀFDPHQWH
/DV ÀJXUDV GH QRWD \ VLOHQFLR VRQ VtPERORV
JUiÀFRV TXH UHSUHVHQWDQ WDQWR OD GXUDFLyQ
       
GXUDFLRQHV HPSOHDGDV HQ QXHVWUD QRWDFLyQ
PXVLFDO VRQ UHODWLYDV \ SURSRUFLRQDOHV HV
GHFLUVXYDORUGHSHQGHGHODYHORFLGDGGH
HMHFXFLyQ \ SXHGHQ SUHVHQWDUVH FRPR XQD

SDUWHGHODUHGRQGDTXHHVODÀJXUDPD\RU
TXHVHHPSOHDHQODDFWXDOLGDG\TXHGXUD
WLHPSRVRSXOVRVSDUDHVWDEOHFHUODUHOD
FLyQ\ODVHTXLYDOHQFLDVHQWUHHOUHVWRGHÀ
JXUDV\HOQ~PHURGHHOODVTXHFRPSOHWDQVX
YDORU(OPRGRGHUHSUHVHQWDUODVUHODFLRQHV
HQWUHODVGLVWLQWDVÀJXUDVHVHOVLJXLHQWH
2EVHUYDPRV TXH WRGDV ODV ÀJXUDV HVWiQ
HQSURSRUFLyQRVXEGLYLVLyQELQDULDUHVSHFWR
DODUHGRQGDFRQORFXDOHVWDÀJXUDUHSUH
VHQWDUtD OD XQLGDG GH WLHPSR SULQFLSDO VR
EUHODTXHVHGHGXFLUtDQHOUHVWRGHÀJXUDV
&RPSOHWDPRVHOVLVWHPDDxDGLHQGRODVGRV
~OWLPDVÀJXUDVGHQRWDODIXVD\ODVHPLIX
VDHOVLVWHPDFRPSOHWRSRGUtDUHSUHVHQWDU
VHGHOVLJXLHQWHPRGR
 
núm. 3 | 2012


< 54
MUSICOLOGÍA







/DUHGRQGDRUHSUH
VHQWD OD ÀJXUD SULQFL

/DEODQFDRGHUH
GRQGDUHSUHVHQWDGRV
XQLGDGHVTXHFRPSOH



GRQGD UHSUHVHQWD XQLGDGHVTXHFRPSOH


/D FRUFKHD R GH
UHGRQGDUHSUHVHQWD
XQLGDGHVTXHFRPSOH


/D VHPLFRUFKHD R
GH UHGRQGD UH
  
TXH FRPSOHWDQ XQD


/DIXVDR

/DVHPLIXVD
núm. 3 | 2012
Las figuras de nota y silencio
sumario
55 >
Actividades
(VSRQGHR
Conclusiones

2EVHUYDPRVFyPRHQHVWHWLSRGHDFWLYLGD
GHVHODOXPQRHQSHUtRGRVGHLQLFLDFLyQ\VLQ
QRFLRQHVGHPpWULFDSXHGHLPSURYLVDUULWPRV
GXUDFLRQDOHVWHUQDULRV\ELQDULRVPHGLDQWHHO
HPSOHRGHVLJQRVJUiÀFRV6RPRVFRQVFLHQWHV
GHTXHODLPLWDFLyQHLPSURYLVDFLyQGHULWPRV
GXUDFLRQDOHVSRGUtDWUDEDMDUVHGLUHFWDPHQWH
GHVGHODREVHUYDFLyQHLPLWDFLyQVLQODQHFH
VLGDGGHHPSOHDUHVWHVLVWHPDGHVLJQRVVLQ
HPEDUJR HVWD QRWDFLyQ DOWHUQDWLYD SHUPLWH
GHVDUUROODUHQHODOXPQRXQJUDGRPiVGHFRQ
FLHQFLDFLyQTXHODVLPSOHLPLWDFLyQRUHSUR
GXFFLyQGHOPRGHORSURSXHVWRSRUHOPDHVWUR

PpWULFRVGHODSURVRGLDJULHJDSDUDUHDOL
]DU HMHUFLFLRV GH LPLWDFLyQ \ VHQVLELOL]DU
DO DOXPQR VREUH SDWURQHV UtWPLFRV GXUD
FLRQDOHV


7URTXHR<DPER
$QDSHVWR
(VWDEOHFHPRV XQ SDWUyQ UtWPLFR FRQ XQ
Q~PHUR GH SXOVDFLRQHV GHWHUPLQDGR HO
DOXPQRFRPELQDHQODLPSURYLVDFLyQORVULW
PRV ELQDULRV \ WHUQDULRV 'LFKR SDWUyQ UtW
PLFR FRQVWLWX\H HO OtPLWH GH DWDTXHV TXH
VHSXHGHQSURGXFLUHQODLPSURYLVDFLyQLQGL
YLGXDO\IDYRUHFHODFXDGUDWXUDHQODIRUPD

Bibliografía
'H HVWH PRGR SRGHPRV LPSURYLVDU VR
EUH XQ SDWUyQ UtWPLFR GH RFKR SXOVDFLRQHV
UHSUHVHQWDGR JUiÀFDPHQWH GHO VLJXLHQWH
PRGR\TXHVLUYHGHEDVHSDUDODLPSURYLVD
FLyQGHYDORUHVGXUDFLRQDOHV
/ySH] $    0D
GULG5HDO0XVLFDO
0HMtD3
0DGULG3HDUVRQ(GXFDFLyQ
3D\QWHU -   
0DGULG$NDO
6DQX\ 0 \ *RQ]iOH] / 
    0DGULG
8QLyQ0XVLFDO(VSDxROD
%XUURZV 7   
%DUFHORQD3DUUDJyQ
6DQX\ 0   0DGULG
0RUDWD
&KDSXLV-

(Q0Ô6,&$<
('8&$&,Ð1Qž
6FKDIHU50
%XHQRV$LUHV5LFRUGL
'H3HGUR'
0DGULG5HDO0XVLFDO
'iFWLOR
)UHJD $/   
%DUFHORQD*UDy
-RIUp-%DU
FHORQD5RELQERRN
:LOOHPV(
6XL]D3UR0XVLFD
:X\WDFN -   3DUtV






DOXPQR

< 56
núm. 3 | 2012
núm. 3 | 2012
7ULEUDTXLR
MUSICOLOGÍA
sumario
57 >