GOI_BACH_Units43-47.qxd - English for Bachillerato

GOI_BACH_Units43-47.qxd 5/2/06 9:13 AM Page 96
45
51 El estilo indirecto (1): say/tell
Utilizamos el estilo indirecto para contar lo que otras personas han dicho. Para ello, necesitamos un verbo
introductorio (por ejemplo: decir, contar, comunicar, etc.) que introduzca las palabras de la otra persona.
ESTILO DIRECTO
VERBO INTRODUCTORIO
CITA LITERAL
Mike says:
(Mike dice:
‘I’ve never been abroad.’
‘Yo nunca he estado en el extranjero’)
ESTILO INDIRECTO
VERBO INTRODUCTORIO
CONJUNCIÓN
CITA TRANSFORMADA
Mike says
that
he has never been abroad.
(Mike dice
que
él nunca ha estado en el extranjero.)
Fíjate que hemos tenido que modificar el pronombre, porque ya no habla la misma persona. En el estilo
indirecto no ponemos comillas, porque hemos transformado las palabras originales.
Los dos verbos introductorios más frecuentes en inglés son say (decir) y tell (decir, contar). Fíjate en su uso:
say
He said that he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
He said to me that he was hungry. (Él me dijo que tenía hambre.)
NO: He said me that he was hungry.
tell
He told me that she was coming. (Él me dijo que ella venía.)
NO: He told that she was coming.
Observa que pueden aparecer otros verbos introductorios, como explain (explicar) o declare (declarar),
aunque con menor frecuencia. Ambos utilizan las mismas estructuras que say.
Cuando narramos una conversación pasada, el verbo introductorio va en pasado (me dijeron que …) y eso
produce transformaciones importantes en los tiempos verbales que le siguen:
ESTILO DIRECTO
ESTILO INDIRECTO
EJEMPLOS
PRESENT:
PAST:
am/is
are
go/goes
am/is/are going
was
were
went
was/were going
Kim said:‘I’m going to the party.’
(Kim dijo:‘Voy a la fiesta’.)
Kim said that she was going to the party.
(Kim dijo que iba a la fiesta.)
PRESENT PERFECT:
PAST PERFECT:
has/have taken
had taken
PAST SIMPLE:
PAST PERFECT:
took
had taken
MODALS:
will
can
may
must
96 Bachillerato
would
could
might
had to
Gramática Oxford
Bart told me:‘I’ve seen a great film.’
(Bart me contó:‘He visto una gran película’.)
Bart told me that he had seen a great film.
(Bart me contó que había visto una gran
película.)
Mordechai said:‘I took a taxi.’
(Mordecai dijo:‘Tomé un taxi.’)
Mordechai said that he had taken a taxi.
(Mordecai dijo que había tomado un taxi.)
Christopher said:‘I’ll see you on Monday.’
(Christopher dijo:‘Te veré el lunes.’)
Christopher said that he would see me
on Monday.
(Christopher dijo que me vería el lunes.)
GOI_BACH_Units43-47.qxd 5/2/06 9:13 AM Page 97
Ejercicios
A
Report these statements, using says that.
0 Paul: ‘Atlanta is a wonderful city.’
Paul says that Atlanta is a wonderful city.
1 Ruth: ‘I go jogging every morning.’
Ruth
2 Anna: ‘Jenny isn’t studying for her exams.
3 Andrew: ‘I used to be really fat.
4 Jim: ‘I can’t swim.
B
Report these statements, using said.
0 ‘Mary works in a bank,’ Jane said. Jane said Mary worked in a bank.
1 ‘I’m staying with some friends,’ Jim said.
2 ‘I’ve never been to Russia,’ Mike said.
3 ‘Tom can’t use a computer,’ Ella said.
4 ‘Everybody must try to do their best,’ Jill said.
5 ‘Jane may move to a new flat,’ Rachel said.
C
Rewrite the sentences in brackets using tell instead of say.
0 (Norman said to Rosa that he would be late.)
Norman told Rosa that he would be late.
1 (She said to him that she liked his paintings.)
2 (You said to me that you liked that film.)
3 (Tom said to Ann that he felt ill.)
4 (She said to Bill that she was leaving.)
5 (I said to you that I couldn’t find it.)
D
Complete the following sentences, using reported speech.
0 Norman said: ‘Rosa, I love you.’
Later, Rosa said to her sister: Norman said that
he loved me.
1 Jenny said: ‘I like your paintings, Peter.’
Later, Jenny said to a friend: I said to Peter that
2 Anna said: ‘You can rely on me, Tom.’
Later, Tom said to his brother: Anna said that
3 Susan said: ‘Jane, your mother has been very kind.’
Later, Jane said to her mother: Susan said that
4 Mary said: ‘Jenny is staying with me, Peter.’
Later, Peter said to Jenny: Mary said that
5 Christina said: ‘I’ll help you with your homework, Angela.’
Later, Christina said to a friend: I said to Angela that
Gramática Oxford
Bachillerato 97