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s ( 2: =(,( 2( (@( (+@ (:( ( @ :( , ( @ @ + (4,(( ( (@ !"#"$%# -( A 7#(" )( @ ((2:@@(( (( (@(:((, ( = @ ( =@ 1( , ( (=+(( (:( @(,((( @(C ( =(( @:( ( ( 4, ( ( ( : (( ( ( ( (, ( ( @ ( ( , - ( ( , (( ( , ((,((( (@ (( 1( ( @ (( ( @ ( @ ( ( ( (( ( @ @ 2!%A* "+#( D+./( 1()015& @ ' ((( , =@ ( ++ ,- @@ 2((0B5<?&07G L (((=@(@ @ 1 @, @ ( : ( (= ( @ () @ ( ( 1E @= ( =@ : 1 (@( =( (=@=@( 1 ( @ ((:2(1 (( ( @ : G151 @ -? 1A?!1 '('(:2(( = : (@:( : @ , 1( @ ( @( 015& @ @( @ C ( 5 H"I 4 (( ' , : ( ( ( (+ ( (2( '(0("D@ : !"#"$%# " A 7#(" )(-( 4, 2 L (:(4L( C< &:,, 0 <(; 7 $2@ 7 W @( 7L@ :@3 .. A@( W L "P### # J% ## D J ; D%J " %# %;7((D%<E 6 ,--0C 0 @ 010 7@@ -5 ;(LW 1C2 (LW 1C2 , @ 0C2 02(u 2 @(@ .7 @@L@ #W "#> "P JP;,Q J#;,Q P> D% %,Q>W2 DJ8Q;, &;2(+CD%<E -@(( A@ - 2 -QA@ 1C@ &1Q& -@(( (@!@@ !(!( ?@L η@ #" ""#% JD "#@ # J# S #;(7()(D%< 015& () @ :( ( @+ ( @@( : - E 1" "E(: ((@ 1 E0 ((@ 1D E0 ( -@((C@( ( ((( (,( 4,D@ (:(((@ ((@( (, (( @ ( @ ((015& !"#"$%# -( A 7#(" )( Engine Power (MW) Ship Speed(knots) 30 Ship Ship Ship Ship Ship Ship 27 24 Speed S1 Speed S2 Speed S3 Power S1 Power S2 Power S3 21 18 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 07 Time of Day (hh) 2!&;(+.#(((D%<E Fuel Flow (kg/s) 1.2 Fuel Flow S1 Fuel Flow S2 Fuel Flow S3 TET S1 TET S2 TET S3 0.9 1650 1550 0.6 1450 0.3 0 Turbine Entry Temperature (K) 1750 1.5 1350 11 14 17 20 23 02 Time of Day (hh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ears Case Case Case Case A: Reference B: Emission C: Fuel D: O&M 2!4;25(5,(((D%%EFD%&E 4 ., # @ ( ( '( ' () @ @( , ( @( .= ( 3( & ( ! 3&! ( : @( ( @ : = ( @( () 3&! B v J ( DR = ( @( = ( 3&!@ :@(PR 2!8;H(( ,#(D%%EFD%&E B+( 4@@(((@( @ (:2((( @ @ ()@@@ ( & @ ( '( ( 5 H"D "%I = ( @ =40;s @::( ,:,"::( (1@ () ( ( ( ( : @ (( ( @ ( ( 4( ()@((=( ( ' ( (( ( @ = ( :( 4, () @ ( ( = ( @ (,@((( , =@'(, ( !"#"$%# # A 7#(" )(-( 4.,J @(@ ( s ( !?C= ( (,@+( ( :( & ( @( ( :() ( @( ( ( @: ( ( @ : 0 @ ( ( ( @:=() @((, , ( @ @ ' (: @() 2 ( 5@('@@( 2!5;"6I4$++#'++#&+(+:=#5.# D, L.D%#E I+/(.(+# B ( ( @( 015& = ( ( ' @ @ ) s @ @ ) + @ (, ( ( @ @( 0 @ @ (, @ ) @ @((@@ ( 4 ., ( ( @ ) @ ( : (, H"#I 1 @ ( @+ :(0. (@751 @ ()@ +:&7 .U"(H( 2(@ :(,(@'C@,@C % &7 .U @ : : @, @C &7 .(@(((@(::@ (( :4 ( @@( ∆.W0 E § 7 ( 75 − 7 ( 0. · ¸¸ ∆.W0 = "¨¨ 7 ( 0. © ¹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`,) @8" H%I B() -( - K& ( 7( 0 L 2 7 AC$&, & W;, .(M & 1 -@ J$60$D%# <,2 B> 8 "J g 8( 1,,60-L3(""8(" H#I B() -( - KG(, ( 7( 60 W 2 & 7 AC$ &,W;,.(M& 1-@$60$D%@(B &8"g& 1 8(1,,, @L:("D8( HJI @ 2 ?, ?0 ,2 5 t@:, -L -( &:(( 02,2 &: 1, A, 02=t -, 2 ( 8 -L6 78%$J-2C&`B & HI `L; & -( - KA, 1 7760 -( -E - E 07(7@ A, 1 M& 18(1,, 60^-L3("#8(D HPI 6(( 5 ,2 5 K1 &( !L 6 0 7 7( L 2 1 7 ACM & 1 8( 1,, 60-L3("D# HI ,2 5 -( - 8; & 8 < 7 ! & W2(( W K> @ 7?& E60M5@ 21&? " H"I -@>>!0(;&-(-tG0657(7(60-( &(E ?@ g - @ L 2 G 6 M 60 $$D"%J & 1 0B5<? 1_-? E 4 & 8 DZJ & 02 ! 2( H"I 0 1 -( - ( K& & 2 6 0 -@( M&1 74 H""I 6 K02(1& (60 ( M 02 2(1,,7(B: "J H"I 6 KA,A @@ 77( 2M-2( 02 2(1,,7(B: "P H"DI 4A(=4 G ,25K& , @@2 2@ G,2 &( !?C 1 & 2 & @2M ( @ & ( 02(, & 0nJ 8 %$ "J 8; @@"D"$"D H"%I 4 A(= K( & 1, A, .(,2 5 & @2-(( M-2A02 2(1,,7(B: "P H"#I W2(( W K( @( ?@ &$, , 6 &(, 2-(A,0( P !"#"$%#