bosquejo examen parcial - Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico

UNIVERSIDAD INTERAMERICANA DE PUERTO RICO
DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMÁTICA
RECINTO DE BAYAMÓN
Literaria de la Información y Computadoras
1. The Abacus 3000 B.C. – The abacus is probable
considered the original mechanical counting device (it
has been traced back 5000 year). It is still used in
education to demonstrate the principles of counting
and arithmetic and in business for speedy calculation.
2. Blaise Pascal 1623-1662 The Pascaline
3. Charles Babbage 1793-1871 Babbage’s Difference and the
Analytical Engine 1842
4. Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace 1816-1852
5. Herman Hollerith 1860-1929 Hollerith’s Tabulating
Machine 1890
6. Dr. John V. Atanasoff, Clifford E. Berry ABCAtanasoff Berry Computer
7. The Electromechanical Mark I Computer- The first
electromechanical computer.
8. First Generation of Computers – use of vacuum tubes
9. The Electronic ENIAC Computer 1946 – (Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer). A thousand times
faster than its electromechanical predecessors, it
occupied 15,000 square feet of floor space and weighed
30 tons.
10.
UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) 1951 the
first commercially viable electronic digital computer,
developed by Mauchly and Eckert.
11.
The Honeywell 400 and the Second Generation of
Computers – The invention of the transistor signaled
the start of the second generation of computers (1959
– 1964). Honeywell established itself as a major
player in the second generation of computers.
12.
The Third Generation of Computers – The third
generation was characterized by computers built around
integrated circuits.
13.
Fourth Generation of Computers – That was the
year large-scale integration of circuit (more circuits
per unit of space) was introduced.
14.
The Apple II – Not until 1975 and the
introduction of the Altair 8800 personal computer was
computing made available to individuals and very small
companies. This event has forever changed how society
perceives computers. One prominent entrepreneurial
venture during the early years of personal computers
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was the Apple II computer (shown here). Two young
computer enthusiasts, Steven Jobs and Steve Wozniak
(then 21 and 26 years of age, respectively),
collaborated to create and build their Apple II
computer on a makeshift production line in Jobs’
garage.
15.
Bill Gates Microsoft 1975 – In 1968, seventh
grader Bill Gates and ninth grader Paul Allen were
teaching the computer to play monopoly and commanding
it to play millions of games to discover gaming
strategies. Seven years later, in 1975, they were to
set a course which would revolutionize the computer
industry. While Harvard, Gates and Allen developed a
BASIC programming language for the first commercially
available microcomputer, the MITS Altair. After
successful completion of the project, the two formed
Microsoft Corporation, now the largest and most
influential software company in the world. Microsoft
was given an enormous boost when its operating system
software, MS-DOS, was select for use by IBM PC.
16.
Computers- Dispositivo electrónico que acepta
datos los procesa y se obtiene información
17.
Hardware – Equipo Físico de la computadoras
18.
Software – de sistema, o comerciales
19.
Microcomputers – Personal Computers, Laptops
20.
Minicomputers – AS/400
21.
Mainframe - macrocomputadoras
22.
Supercomputers – computadoras más ponderosas que
existen en el Mercado y más costosas. Las utilizan
NASA y otras organizaciones grades que procesan muchos
datos
23.
Mobile Device – smart phone
24.
Data – el hecho material de la información
25.
Information – datos procesados
26.
Input Device (Dispositivos de Entrada)
27.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
28.
Arimethmetic-logic Unit
29.
Control Unit – controla el trafico de datos
dentro del CPU
30.
Register- A processor contains small high-speed
storage
locations, called register, that temporarily
hold data and instructions. Register are part of the
processor, not part of
memory or a permanent storage
device.
31.
Output Device (Dispositivos de Salida)
32.
Byte- 8 bits
33.
Bit- 0,1
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34.
Kilobyte – KB o K – 1 thousand bytes 1024 bytes
35.
Megabyte – MB o M – 1 Million bytes
36.
Gigabyte – GB o G – 1 billion bytes
37.
Terabyte – TB o T – 1 trillion bytes
38.
PetaByte - one quadrillion1 PB =
1,000,000,000,000,000 B = 10005 B = 1015
39.
Exabyte - one quintillion bytes 1 EB =
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 B = 1018
40.
Zetabyte – ZB one sextillion
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes = 10007 = 1021
41.
YottaByte – one septillion
1000000000000000000000000bytes = 10008 or 1024 bytes
42.
Secondary Storage - Memoria secundaria como los
flash drive o discos externos.
43.
Local Area Network (LAN)
44.
Internet
45.
Network
46.
Operating System – Controla todas las funciones
de las computadora.
47.
RAM- Memoria de escritura y lectura
48.
SRAM – is much faster
DRAM – is used for most personal computer memory
because of
its size and cost advantages.
49.
ROM – Memoria de lectura solamente
50.
ASCII – American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
51.
EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code
52.
Unicode – is a 16-bit code originally designed to
support
International languages like Chinese and
Japanese. Unicode can
represent more than 65,000
unique character symbole, enabling
it to
represent the alphabets of all modern languages and
all historic languages and notational systems.
53.
Motherboard – donde se conectan todos los
dispositivos.
54.
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
55.
DVD-Rom
56.
Backup Systems
57.
Computer Programmer – diseña los programas
58.
Modem – Convierte una señal de analoga a digital
y de digital a analoga.
59.
TCP/IP
60.
Linux – sistema operativo no propietrario libre
de costo.
61.
Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8
62.
Cd 650 MB to 1 GB Once the standard optical disc.
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63.
DVD 4.7 GB to 17 GB Current standard
64.
HD DVD 15 GB to 45 GB Hi def format, similar to
DVD
65.
Blu-Ray 25 GB to 50 GB Hi def format, large
capacity
66.
Computer Virus
67.
Redes Sociales
68.
Cloud
69.
OneDrive
70.
Base de datos
71.
Teléfonos Inteligentes
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Geic1010
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Dr. Rafael A. Nieves Rivera