UNIVERSIDAD INTERAMERICANA DE PUERTO RICO DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMÁTICA RECINTO DE BAYAMÓN Literaria de la Información y Computadoras 1. The Abacus 3000 B.C. – The abacus is probable considered the original mechanical counting device (it has been traced back 5000 year). It is still used in education to demonstrate the principles of counting and arithmetic and in business for speedy calculation. 2. Blaise Pascal 1623-1662 The Pascaline 3. Charles Babbage 1793-1871 Babbage’s Difference and the Analytical Engine 1842 4. Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace 1816-1852 5. Herman Hollerith 1860-1929 Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine 1890 6. Dr. John V. Atanasoff, Clifford E. Berry ABCAtanasoff Berry Computer 7. The Electromechanical Mark I Computer- The first electromechanical computer. 8. First Generation of Computers – use of vacuum tubes 9. The Electronic ENIAC Computer 1946 – (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). A thousand times faster than its electromechanical predecessors, it occupied 15,000 square feet of floor space and weighed 30 tons. 10. UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) 1951 the first commercially viable electronic digital computer, developed by Mauchly and Eckert. 11. The Honeywell 400 and the Second Generation of Computers – The invention of the transistor signaled the start of the second generation of computers (1959 – 1964). Honeywell established itself as a major player in the second generation of computers. 12. The Third Generation of Computers – The third generation was characterized by computers built around integrated circuits. 13. Fourth Generation of Computers – That was the year large-scale integration of circuit (more circuits per unit of space) was introduced. 14. The Apple II – Not until 1975 and the introduction of the Altair 8800 personal computer was computing made available to individuals and very small companies. This event has forever changed how society perceives computers. One prominent entrepreneurial venture during the early years of personal computers Page 1 of 4 Geic1010 23/01/2013 Dr. Rafael A. Nieves Rivera was the Apple II computer (shown here). Two young computer enthusiasts, Steven Jobs and Steve Wozniak (then 21 and 26 years of age, respectively), collaborated to create and build their Apple II computer on a makeshift production line in Jobs’ garage. 15. Bill Gates Microsoft 1975 – In 1968, seventh grader Bill Gates and ninth grader Paul Allen were teaching the computer to play monopoly and commanding it to play millions of games to discover gaming strategies. Seven years later, in 1975, they were to set a course which would revolutionize the computer industry. While Harvard, Gates and Allen developed a BASIC programming language for the first commercially available microcomputer, the MITS Altair. After successful completion of the project, the two formed Microsoft Corporation, now the largest and most influential software company in the world. Microsoft was given an enormous boost when its operating system software, MS-DOS, was select for use by IBM PC. 16. Computers- Dispositivo electrónico que acepta datos los procesa y se obtiene información 17. Hardware – Equipo Físico de la computadoras 18. Software – de sistema, o comerciales 19. Microcomputers – Personal Computers, Laptops 20. Minicomputers – AS/400 21. Mainframe - macrocomputadoras 22. Supercomputers – computadoras más ponderosas que existen en el Mercado y más costosas. Las utilizan NASA y otras organizaciones grades que procesan muchos datos 23. Mobile Device – smart phone 24. Data – el hecho material de la información 25. Information – datos procesados 26. Input Device (Dispositivos de Entrada) 27. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 28. Arimethmetic-logic Unit 29. Control Unit – controla el trafico de datos dentro del CPU 30. Register- A processor contains small high-speed storage locations, called register, that temporarily hold data and instructions. Register are part of the processor, not part of memory or a permanent storage device. 31. Output Device (Dispositivos de Salida) 32. Byte- 8 bits 33. Bit- 0,1 Page 2 of 4 Geic1010 23/01/2013 Dr. Rafael A. Nieves Rivera 34. Kilobyte – KB o K – 1 thousand bytes 1024 bytes 35. Megabyte – MB o M – 1 Million bytes 36. Gigabyte – GB o G – 1 billion bytes 37. Terabyte – TB o T – 1 trillion bytes 38. PetaByte - one quadrillion1 PB = 1,000,000,000,000,000 B = 10005 B = 1015 39. Exabyte - one quintillion bytes 1 EB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 B = 1018 40. Zetabyte – ZB one sextillion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes = 10007 = 1021 41. YottaByte – one septillion 1000000000000000000000000bytes = 10008 or 1024 bytes 42. Secondary Storage - Memoria secundaria como los flash drive o discos externos. 43. Local Area Network (LAN) 44. Internet 45. Network 46. Operating System – Controla todas las funciones de las computadora. 47. RAM- Memoria de escritura y lectura 48. SRAM – is much faster DRAM – is used for most personal computer memory because of its size and cost advantages. 49. ROM – Memoria de lectura solamente 50. ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange 51. EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 52. Unicode – is a 16-bit code originally designed to support International languages like Chinese and Japanese. Unicode can represent more than 65,000 unique character symbole, enabling it to represent the alphabets of all modern languages and all historic languages and notational systems. 53. Motherboard – donde se conectan todos los dispositivos. 54. Universal Serial Bus (USB) 55. DVD-Rom 56. Backup Systems 57. Computer Programmer – diseña los programas 58. Modem – Convierte una señal de analoga a digital y de digital a analoga. 59. TCP/IP 60. Linux – sistema operativo no propietrario libre de costo. 61. Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 62. Cd 650 MB to 1 GB Once the standard optical disc. Page 3 of 4 Geic1010 23/01/2013 Dr. Rafael A. Nieves Rivera 63. DVD 4.7 GB to 17 GB Current standard 64. HD DVD 15 GB to 45 GB Hi def format, similar to DVD 65. Blu-Ray 25 GB to 50 GB Hi def format, large capacity 66. Computer Virus 67. Facebook 68. Twitter Page 4 of 4 Geic1010 23/01/2013 Dr. Rafael A. Nieves Rivera