Who cares about childcare? Estimations of childcare use in Latin America and the Caribbean Mercedes Mateo Lourdes Rodriguez-Chamussy Education Division (SCL/EDU) TECHNICAL NOTE Nº 815 May 2015 Who cares about childcare? Estimations of childcare use in Latin America and the Caribbean Mercedes Mateo Lourdes Rodriguez-Chamussy * Andrea C. Atencio provided outstanding research assistance for this project. The authors would like to thank Emiliana Vegas, Hugo Ñopo, Javier Luque, and Maria Soledad Bos for their valuable comments and suggestions, and Elena Arias and her team for providing us with additional databases. All remaining errors are our own. May 2015 Cataloging-in-Publication data provided by the Inter-American Development Bank Felipe Herrera Library Mateo Diaz, Mercedes. Who cares about childcare?: estimations of childcare use in Latin America and the Caribbean / Mercedes Mateo, Lourdes Rodriguez-Chamussy. p. cm. — (IDB Technical Note ; 815) Includes bibliographic references. 1. Child care services—Latin America. 2. Child care services—Caribbean Area. I. Rodríguez-Chamussy, Lourdes. II. Inter-American Development Bank. Education Division. III. Title. IV. Series. IDB-TN-815 http://www.iadb.org Copyright © 2015 Inter-American Development Bank. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IDB and for any noncommercial purpose. No derivative work is allowed. Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license. 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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Household surveys Longitudinal surveys El Trinidad Chile Colombia Colombia Ecuador Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua and Uruguay (CASEN (ENCV (ENCV (ECV (EHPM (ENCOVI (ENCOVI (EMNV Tobago (ECH 2011) 2011) 2013) 2006) 2012) 2011) 2004) 2009) (SLC 2005) 2013) Topic Bolivia (ECH 2012) Brazil (PNAD 2012) Attenda nce to chi l dca re (Yes /No) X X X X* X X X X X X Type of i ns titution a ttended X X X X X X X X X X Hours of a ttenda nce X Da ys of a ttenda nce X X X X Chile Colombia Mexico (ELPI (ELCA (ENESS 2012) 2010) 2009) X X X X* X X X X* X X X X* X X X* Monthl y fee pa yments (l a s t month) X X X X X X Other pa yments (l a s t month) X X X X X X Tui tion pa yments (l a s t s chool yea r) X X X X X Other pa yments (l a s t s chool yea r) X X X X Servi ce i ncl udes food X X X X Progra m ha s a curri cul um Mea n of tra ns portation to chi l dca re X X X Ti me of tra ns portation to chi l dca re X X X X X Rea s ons for NOT a ttendi ng X X X X X X X Rea s ons for a ttendi ng Chi l d's ma i n ca regi ver X X X Chi l dca re fa ci l i ties a t pa rents ' work pl a ce X X X X X X* X X X Ava i l a bi l i ty of chi l dca re nea r home X Ava i l a bi l i ty of chi l dca re nea r work Identifi ca tion of chi l d's mother X X X X X X X X X X X 7 Household surveys Argentina (EPHC 2013) Costa Rica (ENAHO 2012) Mexico (ENIGH 2012) Peru (ENAHO 2012) Venezuela (EHM 2013) Attenda nce to chi l dca re (Yes /No) X X X X X Type of i ns ti tuti on a ttended X X X X Topic Hours of a ttenda nce Da ys of a ttenda nce Monthl y fee pa yments (l a s t month) X Other pa yments (l a s t month) X Tui ti on pa yments (l a s t s chool yea r) X Other pa yments (l a s t s chool yea r) X Servi ce i ncl udes food Progra m ha s a curri cul um Mea n of tra ns porta ti on to chi l dca re Ti me of tra ns porta ti on to chi l dca re Rea s ons for NOT a ttendi ng X X X Rea s ons for a ttendi ng Chi l d's ma i n ca regi ver Chi l dca re fa ci l i ti es a t pa rents ' work pl a ce Identi fi ca ti on of chi l d's mother X 8 9 10 11 80 70 60 50 % 40 30 20 % children 0 to 3 % children 3 to 5 10 0 12 % of children 3 to 5 years old enrolled in childcare or preschool 70 Denmark Netherlands 60 Iceland 50 France Malta Sweden Portugal United States United Kingdom Slovenia Spain Belgium New Zealand Australia 40 30 Uruguay Estonia 20 10 0 Norway Italy Latvia Chile Colombia Lithuania Brazil Romania Greece Bulgaria Hungary Poland Nicaragua Mexico Czech Republic Bolivia Costa Rica Slovak Republic Guatemala El Salvador Honduras 0 10000 20000 30000 Luxembourg Finland Ireland Japan Germany Austria 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 GDP per capita (US$ Constant 2005) 13 % of children 3 to 5 years old enrolled in childcare or preschool 100 Spain Malta Estonia Hungary Slovenia Portugal Latvia Czech Republic Uruguay Romania Slovak Republic Bulgaria 90 80 70 60 Peru Colombia Belgium Italy Netherlands Denmark Iceland Germany New ZealandUnited Kingdom Sweden Japan Luxembourg Austria Australia Ireland Finland United States Lithuania Mexico Poland Venezuela, RB Brazil Chile 50 Norway Greece 40 Nicaragua 30 Costa Rica El Salvador Bolivia Guatemala Honduras 20 10 0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 GDP per capita (US$ Constant 2005) 14 % of 0 to 5 year-olds that attend formal childcare 100 90 80 70 60 50 NGOs/Non profit (%) 40 Private subsidized (%) 30 Private (%) 20 Public (%) 10 0 15 16 Main reason why child attended education/care center between age (...) 70 60 50 % 40 30 20 Other reason School year started Learning and stimulation Socialization with other children Pediatrician's recommendation To look for a job/study Although I didn't work, I trusted childcare center Had to work 10 0 Child's age range 17 18 100 % 80 60 40 Formal childcare Mother/Father Other relative Non relatives Alone/with another minor/at… 20 0 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 Colombia 100 % 80 60 40 Formal childcare Mother/Father Other relative Non relatives Alone/with another minor/at… 20 0 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 Ecuador 100 % 80 60 40 Formal childcare Mother/Father Other relative Non relatives Alone/with another minor/at… 20 0 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 Honduras 19 20 60 50 % 40 30 20 10 0 Rural Urban 70 60 % 50 40 30 20 10 0 Income quintiles I II III IV V 21 25 20 % 15 10 5 0 Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Mother does not participate Nicaragua Uruguay Mother participates 30 25 % 20 15 10 5 0 Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador None Some basic Basic Intermediate Some superior Superior Nicaragua Uruguay Some intermediate 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56