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Increasing risk of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution. Nature 8²8 (VSLQR]D-&)UDL]\3*X\RW-/2UGRxH]-3RPERVD55RQFKDLO-/DYDULDELOLWpGHVGpELWVGXULR$PD]RQDVDX3pURX&OLPDWH9DULDELOLW\DQG&KDQJH+\GURORJLFDOLPSDFWV ,$+63XEO² (VSLQR]D-&5RQFKDLO-*X\RW-/&RFKHQHDX*)LOL]ROD1/DYDGR:'H2OLYHLUD E., Pombosa, R., Vauchel, P. 2009a. Spatio-Temporal rainfall variability in the Amazon Basin &RXQWULHV%UD]LO3HUX%ROLYLD&RORPELDDQG(FXDGRU,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&OLPDWRORJ\ 1574–1594. 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Interannual variability of surface climate in the Amazon basin. International -RXUQDORI&OLPDWRORJ\² 0DUHQJR-7RPDVHOOD-8YR&/RQJ²WHUPVWUHDPÁRZDQGUDLQIDOOÁXFWXDWLRQLQWURSLFDO6RXWK$PHULFD$PD]RQLDHDVWHUQ%UD]LODQGQRUWKZHVW3HUX-RXUQDORI*HRSK\VLFDO5HVHDUFK² Marengo, J., Nobre, C., Tomasella, J., Oyama, M., de Oliveira, G., de Oliveira, R., Camargo, H., $OYHV/7KHGURXJKWLQ$PD]RQLDLQ-RXUQDORI&OLPDWH² 0DUHQJR-$7RPDVHOOD-$OYHV/06RDUHV:55RGULJXH]'$D7KHGURXJKWRI LQWKHFRQWH[WRIKLVWRULFDOGURXJKWVLQWKH$PD]RQUHJLRQ*HRSK\VLFDO5HVHDUFK/HWWHUV GRL*/ 0DUHQJR-$7RPDVHOOD-6RDUHV:5$OYHV/01REUH&E([WUHPHFOLPDWLFHYHQWV LQWKH$PD]RQEDVLQ7KHRUHWLFDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\GRLV Poveda, G., Waylen, PR., Pulwarty, RS. 2006. Annual and inter-annual variability of the present climate in northern South America and southern Mesoamerica. Palaeogeography, PalaeoclimaWRORJ\3DODHRHFRORJ\² Ronchail, J., Cochonneau, G., Molinier, M., Guyot, JL., Goretti de Miranda Chaves, A., Guimarães, V., de Oliveira, E. 2002. Rainfall variability in the Amazon Basin and SSTs in the tropical 3DFLÀFDQG$WODQWLFRFHDQV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&OLPDWRORJ\ 5RQFKDLO - *X\RW -/ (VSLQR]D -& )UDL]\ 3 &RFKRQQHDX * GH 2OLYHLUD ( )LOL]ROD 13 2UGRxH] *iOYH] -- ,PSDFW RI WKH$PD]RQ WULEXWDULHV RQ PDMRU ÁRRGV DW ÐELGRV WK )5,(1' :RUOG &RQIHUHQFH &OLPDWH YDULDELOLW\ DQG FKDQJH +\GURORJLFDO LPSDFWV ,$+6 /D+DYDQH&XED 8YR&5HSHOOL&=HELDN6.XVKQLU<7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWURSLFDOSDFLÀFDQG DWODQWLF667DQGQRUWKHDVW%UD]LOPRQWKO\SUHFLSLWDWLRQ-RXUQDORI&OLPDWH² 8YR&7ROOH8%HUQGWVVRQ5)RUHFDVWLQJGLVFKDUJHLQ$PD]RQXVLQJDUWLÀFLDOQHXUDO QHWZRUNV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&OLPDWRORJ\² 9HUD&+LJJLQV:$PDGRU-$PEUL]]L7*DUUHDXG5*RFKLQ'*XW]OHU'/HWWHQPDLHU '0DUHQJR-0HFKRVR&1RJXHV3DHJOH-6LOYD'LD]3/=KDQJ&7RZDUGVD XQLÀHGYLHZRIWKH$PHULFDQ0RQVRRQ6\VWHP-RXUQDORI&OLPDWH² :LOOLDPV($'DOO·$QWRQLD9'DOO·$QWRQLD-GH$OPHLGD)6XDUH]%/LHEPDQQ$0DOKDGR 7KHGURXJKWRIWKHFHQWXU\LQWKH$PD]RQEDVLQ$QDQDO\VLVRIWKHUHJLRQDOYDULDWLRQRI rainfall in South America in 1926. Acta Amazonica, 35 (2), 231–238. Xu, L., Samanta, A., Costa, M., Ganguly, S., Nemani, R., Myneni, R. 2011. Widespread decline in greenness of Amazonian vegetation due to the 2010 drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L07402, GRL*/ <RRQ-+=HQJ+$Q$WODQWLFLQÁXHQFHRQ$PD]RQUDLQIDOO&OLP'\Q Zeng, N., Yoon, J., Marengo, J., Subramaniam, A., Nobre, C., Mariotti, A., and Neelin, J. 2008. &DXVHVDQGLPSDFWRIWKH$PD]RQGURXJKW(QYLURQPHQWDO5HVHDUFK/HWWHUVSS 20 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD ECOLOGÍA, BIOLOGÍA Y PESQUERÍAS 21 LA DIVERSIDAD, MIGRACIÓN, PESQUERIAS Y PISCICULTURA EN EL ECUADOR 1 Ramiro Barriga S . ,QVWLWXWR GH &LHQFLDV %LROyJLFDV (VFXHOD 3ROLWpFQLFD 1DFLRQDO UDPLUREDUULJD#HSQ edu.ec INTRODUCCIÓN /DULTXH]DGHHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVGHDJXDGXOFHGHO(FXDGRUVHVXVWHQWDHQODLQIRUPDFLyQ GH OD FROHFFLyQ GH SHFHV GHO ,QVWLWXWR GH &LHQFLDV %LROyJLFDV GH OD (VFXHOD 3ROLWpFQLFD1DFLRQDO(31/DVHVSHFLHVKDQVLGRFODVLÀFDGDVHQ=RQDV,FWLRKLGURJUiÀFDVGHDFXHUGRDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHFDGDFXHQFDFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHIDFWRUHV ELRJHRJUiÀFRVKLVWyULFRVTXHGHWHUPLQDURQODGLVSHUVLyQ\HODLVODPLHQWRJHRJUiÀFR /DSUHVHQFLDGHODVPRQWDxDVFRVWHUDVODVFRUGLOOHUDV$QGLQDV\ODWHUFHUDFRUGLOOHUD 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HODxRGHORVSHVFDGRUHVSURIHVLRQDOHVHUDQVHLV\HQHODxROOHJDQD PLHPEURV7DEOD Tabla 1.(YROXFLyQGHYRO~PHQHVGHSHVFDFRPHUFLDOHQ3WR)UDQFLVFRGH2UHOODQD (coca) 24 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD (QOD7DEODVHDSUHFLDHOFRVWRGHO.JGHSHVFDGRGHVGHKDVWDFXDQGR ODPRQHGDQDFLRQDOHUDHO6XFUHFX\DHTXLYDOHQFLDRVFLOyHQWUH\VXFUHVSRU XQGyODUDPHULFDQR (OYDORUGHOSHVFDGRHVH[FOXVLYRSDUDODVHVSHFLHVGHFXDWURJUXSRVGHSHFHVFRPHUFLDOHVORVPiVDSUHFLDGRVSRUHOFRQVXPLGRUHVHOEDJUHOHFKHURBrachyplatystoma ÀODPHQWRVXP) y el bagre plateado (%UDFK\SODW\VWRPDURXVVHDX[LL/HVHFXQGDQHOUDyado (%UDFK\SODW\VWRPD MXUXHQVH), baboso (Brachyplatystoma platynemum), marmoteado (Leiarius marmoratus), cebra (Merodontotus tigrinus), negro (Zungaro zungaro), guacamayo (Phractocephalus hemiliopterus 0LHQWUDV TXH XQ WHUFHU JUXSR UH~QH D los peces de escama que tienen un menor valor con relación a los primeros grupos de SHFHV/DVSULQFLSDOHVHVSHFLHVVRQFRUYLQDPlagioscion squamosissimus), el llorón 3RWDPRUKLQDDOWDPD]RQLFDHOERFDFKLFRProchilodus nigricans), los peces llamados UDWRQHV/HSRULQXVIDVFLDWXV\/HSRULQXVIULGHULFLLHOZLOOLHoplaerythrinus unitaeniatus), el guachiche (Hoplias malabaricusHOViEDORBrycon melanopterus), palometa (Mylossoma duriventris), la gamitana (Colossoma macropomum) y el paco o cachama (Piaractus brachypomus (Q HO FXDUWR JUXSR VH HQFXHQWUD HO SH] SDLFKH R SLUDUXF~ (Arapaima gigasFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRHOSH]GHPHMRUFDOLGDG(OYDORUSRU.JVXSHUDDO GHOSULPHUJUXSR7DEOD /DVODERUHVGHSHVFDVRQUHDOL]DGDVWUHVRFXDWURYHFHVDODVHPDQD/DFDSWXUDGH EDJUHVJLJDQWHV\DOJXQDVHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVGHHVFDPDVHHIHFW~DQGHVGHHOPHVGH IHEUHURDOPHVGHMXOLR\HQODVpSRFDVGHWUDQVLFLyQGHDJRVWRDRFWXEUH(QORVPHVHV GHYHUDQRGHQRYLHPEUHDHQHURSHVFDQORVSHFHVGHHVFDPDGHPHGLDQRWDPDxR como peces ratones (Leporinus fridericci y Schizodon fasciatus /DPHQWDEOHPHQWH DOJXQRV SHVFDGRUHV LQGtJHQDV \ FRORQRV UHDOL]DQ DFWLYLGDGHV GH pesca indiscriminada y no respetan tallas medias que son aptas para la pesca y conVXPR&RQIUHFXHQFLDXVDQH[SORVLYRV\XVXDOPHQWHGLOX\HQHOEDUEDVFRHQHODJXD Tabla 2.$QiOLVLVGHYDULDFLyQHQWUHHOSURGXFWRU393NJ\HOFRQVXPLGRU39&NJ /DSREODFLyQDPD]yQLFDGHDFXHUGRDOFHQVRQDFLRQDOGHODxRDOFDQ]D KDELWDQWHVTXHGLUHFWDPHQWHHLQGLUHFWDPHQWHFRQVXPHQHOUHFXUVRSHVTXHURÁXYLDO (OHVSHMRGHDJXDTXHFRQWLHQHHOUHFXUVRSHVTXHURGHDJXDGXOFHHQOD$PD]RQLDHV GH.PHVWDiUHDFRUUHVSRQGHDODEDMD$PD]RQLDHFXDWRULDQD(QODViUHDV EDMDVXELFDGDVFHUFDGHODVFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDVWLHQHKD.P/DSREODFLyQTXH GHSHQGHGLDULDPHQWHGHOSHVFDGRGHUtRDOFDQ]DORVKDELWDQWHV\FRQVXPHQ DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH WRQHODGDV DO DxR (VWD FDQWLGDG FRUUHVSRQGH DO DXWRFRQsumo ya que no pueden pescar con mayor intensidad porque los distintos grupos de LQGtJHQDVYLYHQDJUDQGHVGLVWDQFLDVHQWUHORVFDVHUtRV\GHXQDHWQLDDRWUD7DEOD Tabla 3. La pesca anual de autoconsumo en las provincias amazónicas del Ecuador LA PISCICULTURA /RVSHFHVXWLOL]DGRVHQODSLVFLFXOWXUDVRQIRUiQHRVFRPRODWLODSLDOreochromis niloticus y Oreochromis mossambique/DFDUSDFRP~QCyprinus carpio(OFXOWLYRGH SHFHVQDWLYRVVHUHDOL]DHQODVSURYLQFLDVGH1DSR0RURQD6DQWLDJR\=DPRUDDWUDYpVGHRUJDQLVPRVVHFFLRQDOHVFRPRHO&5($\35('(685DPiVGHORV&RQVHMRV 3URYLQFLDOHVFXOWLYDQGRFDFKDPDPiaractus brachypomusViEDORBrycon melanopterus(Q6XFXPELRV\3DVWD]DGRVODERUDWRULRVSULYDGRVSURGXFHQHQWUH\ DOHYLQHVDOPHV /D SURGXFFLyQ SLVFtFROD GH OD FDUSD Cyprinus carpio) es utilizada por el mismo pisFLFXOWRU /D FDFKDPD Piaractus brachyopomum) es consumida en el mercado de la $PD]RQLD(OViEDORBrycon melanopterus), tiene una producción que es utilizada en HODXWRFRQVXPRGHQDWLYRV\FRORQRV De acuerdo a la opinión de los piscicultores, la tilapia es apetecida a nivel nacional e LQWHUQDFLRQDO /D WLODSLD Oreochromis sp VH KD FRQYHUWLGR HQ OD ~QLFD HVSHFLH TXH KD OOHJDGR FRQ JUDQ p[LWR DO PHUFDGR LQWHUQDFLRQDO /D SURGXFFLyQ DPD]yQLFD HQ OD DFWXDOLGDGHVHOSULQFLSDOSURYHHGRUGHÀOHWHIUHVFRDORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVGLVWULEXLGDV GHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUD(FXDGRU&RVWD5LFD+RQGXUDVRWURV &iPDUD1DFLRQDOGH$FXLFXOWXUD/DSURGXFFLyQGHWLODSLDVHKDFRQYHUWLGR HQXQDGHODVLQGXVWULDVGHPD\RUFUHFLPLHQWRHQODHFRQRPtDORFDO\HQORVPHUFDGRV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV (Q HO DxR GH VH H[SRUWy WRQHODGDV GH WLODSLD \ JHQHUy PLOORQHVGHGRODUHV1HJRFLRVGLDULR(O&RPHUFLR\)LVKHULHV6WDWLFVDQG (FRQRPLFV'LYLVLRQ 'LIHUHQWHVRUJDQLVPRVQDFLRQDOHVFRPRHO2,6(2UJDQL]DFLyQ6HFR\DGHO(FXDGRU HQFRODERUDFLyQFRQHO,6,6,QVWLWXWRGH&LHQFLD\(VWXGLRV,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULRVGH0DVVDFKXVVHWV86$KDQSURPRYLGRSURJUDPDVSLVFtFRODVFRQHVSHFLHVQDWLYDV\WLODStD $GHPiVWLHQHQSUR\HFWRVGHSHFHVGHFXOWLYRÀQDQFLDGRVSRUHO&HQWUR/LDQDVGHFLHQ ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD FLD\FXOWXUD(QODHWQLD&RIiQVHHVWiQSURPRYLHQGRSURJUDPDVDFXtFRODVFRQODRULHQWDFLyQWpFQLFDGHO)LHOG0XVHRGH&KLFDJR86$HQHOTXHVHWRPDHQFXHQWDHOFXOWLYR GHODFKDUDSDHOERFDFKLFRODWLODSLD(QHOFXUVRDOWRGHOUtR1DSRFRPXQLGDGHV .LFKZDVSDWURFLQDGDVSRUODIXQGDFLyQ6DFKD&DXVDLHVWiQSURPRYLHQGRHOGHVDUUROOR SLVFtFRODFRQHVSHFLHVQDWLYDV\IRUiQHDV (OGHVDUUROORGHODSLVFLFXOWXUD\ORVSURGXFWRVDJURIRUHVWDOHVHOJUXSR6KXDUHVWiQUHFLELHQGRODD\XGDGHO&HQWUR$QGLQRGH'HVDUUROOR&$)2/,6\)XQGDFLyQ*UXSR$SR\R ÔOWLPDPHQWHVHKDÀUPDGRXQFRQYHQLRGHQRPLQDGR3ODQ%LQDFLRQDOGH'HVDUUROORGH OD5HJLyQ)URQWHUL]D3HU~(FXDGRUFX\RREMHWLYRHVFRQWULEXLUDPHMRUDUHOQLYHOGHYLGD GHODVFRPXQLGDGHVXELFDGDVDOQRUHVWHGHO3HU~FRPRVRQODVHWQLDVDZDM~QDJXDUXQDV\ZDPSLVKXDPELVDV/DFRQWUDSDUWHHFXDWRULDQDHVWiFRQIRUPDGDSRUODVHWQLDV TXHYLYHQHQODVSURYLQFLDVGH3DVWD]D0RURQD6DQWLDJR\=DPRUD&KLQFKLSH(QWUH ORVGLIHUHQWHVWHPDVTXHDERUGDUDGHOPHQFLRQDGRDFXHUGRELQDFLRQDOFRQVWDHOGHOD SLVFLFXOWXUD(VWRVSUR\HFWRVKDQVLGRÀQDQFLDGRVSRUOD81,&() RECOMENDACIONES AL MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DE LA PESCA Y LA PISCICULTURA DE LA ALTA AMAZONIA ECUATORIANA. (VQHFHVDULRTXHHOUHGXFLGRJUXSRGHSHVFDGRUHVSURIHVLRQDOHVVHRUJDQLFHQ\VHDQ JXLDGRVSRUWpFQLFRVQDFLRQDOHV\H[WUDQMHURVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVHQUHFXUVRVSHVTXHURV /DDVLVWHQFLDSURIHVLRQDOPDUFKDUiHQEHQHÀFLRGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVSHVTXHUDVFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ \ FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH OD FRPXQLGDG GH SHFHV FRPHUFLDOHV /RV SHVFDGRUHV SURIHVLRQDOHVTXHODERUDQSRUPiVGHDxRVRSLQDQTXHODVSREODFLRQHVGHSHFHV PLJUDWRULRVKDQVXIULGRXQLPSDFWRGHELGRDODSHVFDLQGLVFULPLQDGD\VREUHSHVFD/D LQIRUPDFLyQPHQFLRQDGDFRQFXHUGDFRQORVGDWRVREWHQLGRVSRUORVPRQLWRUHVSHVTXHURV/RVSHFHVPLJUDWRULRVKDQPHUPDGR\DTXHHQODpSRFDGHVXELHQGDHQORVUtRV GHDJXDVFODUDVWLHQHQGLÀFXOWDGHQVXVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRV3RUORWDQWRHVSULRULWDULDOD UHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWXGLRVLFWLROyJLFRVGHFRRSHUDFLyQWpFQLFDHQWUHORVSDtVHVTXHFRPSDUWHQ ODV PLVPDV FXHQFDV KLGURJUiÀFDV FRQ HO SURSyVLWR GH SUHFDXWHODU OD ULTXH]D pesquera amazónica REFERENCIAS Álvarez, M. 2006 Informe sobre el desarrollo de la Acuicultura en el Ecuador. Escuela 6XSHULRU3ROLWpFQLFDGH*XD\DTXLO3S Barriga R, 1986. Anotaciones sobre los Osteoglosiformes en el Ecuador. 3ROLWpFQLFD Barriga, R. 1986. Estudio de la Ictiofauna del Nororiente y Proyecciones en la piscicultura. PRONAREG-MAG %DUULJD 5 /LVWD GH 3HFHV GH$JXD 'XOFH GHO (FXDGRU 3ROLWpFQLFD 9RO ;9, 7-56 %DUULJD53HFHVGHO3DUTXH1DFLRQDO<DVXQt3ROLWpFQLFD9RO;9, &iPDUDGH$FXLFXOWXUDGHO(FXDGRU,QIRUPHGH'LYXOJDFLyQSS &RQVHMR3URYLQFLDOGH6XFXPELRV'LDJQRVWLFR3UHOLPLQDUSLVFtFROD3S &RQVHMR3URYLQFLDOGH3DVWD]D/tQHD%DVHGHSLVFLFXOWXUDHQODSURYLQFLDGH3DVWD]D3S )XQGDFLyQ1DWXUD4XLWR'HVDUUROOR6RVWHQLEOH$SUR[LPDFLRQHV &RQFHSWXDOHV4XLWR (O&RPHUFLR(OFDPDUyQ\ODWLODSLDVRQORVSURGXFWRVHVWUHOODVGHO3DtV4XLWR 3S *DODFDWRV.'-6WHZDUW0,EDUUD)LVK&RPPXQLW\SDWWHUQVRIODJRRQVDQG DVVRFLDWHGWULEXWDULHVLQWKH(FXDGRULDQ$PD]RQ&RSHLD *DODFDWRV.5%DUULJD'-6WHZDUW6HDVRQDODQGKDELWDWVLQÁXHQFHVRQÀVK communities within the coger Yasuni river basin of the Ecuadorian Amazon. EnvironPHQWDO%LRORJ\RIÀVKHV Gilbert,R.J y T.R. Roberts, 1970 A preliminary Survey of the freshwater IRRGÀVKHVRI(FXDGRU3URMHFW$,'FVGLLS ,EDUUD0DQG'-6WHZDUW/RQJLWXGLQDO]RQDWLRQRIVDQG\EHDFKÀVKHVLQWKH 1DSR5LYHU%DVLQHDVWHUQ(FXDGRU&RSHLD INEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos), 2001, VI Censo Población y V de 9LYLHQGD5HVXOWDGRV'HÀQLWLYRV INEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos), 2001, VI Censo de Población y V GH9LYLHQGD$QiOLVLV5HVXOWDGRV'HÀQLWLYRV ,6,63HFHVHQFXOWLYRH[SHULHQFLDV6HFR\DV5HVXPHQGHOSUR\HFWR3S ,QVWLWXWR SDUD (O (FRGHVDUUROOR 5HJLRQDO $PD]yQLFR =RQLÀFDFLyQ (FROyJLFD ² Económica de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana .LPHUOLQJ-&RQIHGHUDFLyQGH&RPXQDVXQLyQGH1DWLYRVGHOD$PD]RQLD(FXDWRULDQD&UXGR$PD]RQLFD$E\D<DOD4XLWR(FXDGRU 6DXO:*$QHFRORJLFDOVWXG\RIÀVKHVDWDVLWHLQXSSHU$PD]RQLDQ(FXDGRU 3URF$FDG1DW6FL3KLODGHOSKLD 6WHZDUW'-5(%DUULJD6DOD]DUDQG0,EDUUD,FWLRIDXQDGHODFXHQFDGHO 5tR1DSR(FXDGRURULHQWDOOLVWDDQRWDGDGHHVSHFLHV3ROLWpFQLFD6HU%LRO 6WHZDUW'-0,EDUUD5%DUULJD6DOD]DU&RPSDULVRQRI'HHS5LYHUDQG$GMDFHQW6DQG\%HDFK)LVK$VVHPEODJHVLQWKH1DSR5LYHU%DVLQ(DVWHUQ(FXDGRU 9DUHFH 6 3XHEORV LQGtJHQDV \ JOREDOL]DFLyQ HQ HO XPEUDO WHUFHU PLOHQLR (Q $UWLFXODFLyQGHODGLYHUVLGDG7HUFHUD5HXQLyQGH%DUEDGRV4XLWR3S 28 Wunder, Sven, 1996, Ecoturismo, ingresos locales y conservación. El caso de CuyabeQR(FXDGRU8,&14XLWRS ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LA PESCA EN LA AMAZONÍA PERUANA, CON ÉNFASIS EN LORETO 1,2, Aurea García Gladys Vargas )DEULFH'XSRQFKHOOH1,3 1,2, 6RQLD'H]D 1,2, Salvador Tello 1,2, /DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$ 3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3DUDHO8VRGHO$JXD\VXV5HFXUVRV$48$5(&,QVWLtuto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos Nauta km 4.5, ,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLODXU\JDUFLD#KRWPDLOHV ,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH INTRODUCCIÓN (Q OD$PD]RQtD SHUXDQD OD SURGXFFLyQ GH SHFHV IXH HVWLPDGD HQ WRQHODGDV DODxR\JHQHUDLQJUHVRVDQXDOHVGHXQRVPLOORQHVGHGyODUHV%D\OH\HWDO 7HOOR\%D\OH\(OSHVFDGRHVWDPELpQODSULQFLSDOIXHQWHGHSURWHLQDDQLPDOHQ ODGLHWDGHODSREODFLyQORFDO7HOOR7HOOR\%D\OH\/DDFWLYLGDGSHVTXHUD 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a 2400msnm se pasó a DQWHVGHODGHVHPERFDGXUDDPVQP)LJXUD En la naciente (2400msnm), solo se capturó AstroblepusHQ7DUTXLPVQVHFDSWXUyMXQWRFRQ&KDHWRVWRPDHQ6XFUHPVQDGHPiVGHHVDVGRVHVSHFLHVDSD- UHFLHURQ&KDUDFLIRUPHV$VWUREOHSXVOOHJyKDVWD3DUDtVRPVQ\QRDSDUHFLyPiV HQODVFDSWXUDVSHURHOQ~PHURGHHVSHFLHVIXHDXPHQWDQGRSURJUHVLYDPHQWHFRUURERUDQGRORHQXQFLDGRSRU/RPROLQRHOFXDODÀUPDTXHODDOWLWXGWLHQHLQÁXHQFLD en la disminución de la diversidad y la subsecuente substitución de las especies en el JUDGLHQWHDOWLWXGLQDO Figura 2.1~PHURGHHVSHFLHVSRUHVWDFLyQ REFERENCIAS )RZOHU+:&ROHFFLyQGHSHFHVGHDJXDGXOFHGH&RORPELD2EWHQLGD3ULQFLSDOPHQWHSRU+HUPDQR1LFpIRUR0DUtD3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH$FDGHP\RI1DWXUDO6FLHQces of Philadelphia, Vol. 95 (1943), 223-266p. *DOYLV*-,0RMLFD65'XTXH&&DVWHOODQRV36iQFKH]'XDUWH0$UFHÉ*XWLpUUH]/)-LPHQH]06DQWRV69HMDUDQR)$UEHOiH](3ULHWR0/HLYD Peces del medio Amazonas – región de Leticia. Conservación Internacional, Series de JXtDV7URSLFDOHVGH&DPSR1R(GLWRULDO3DQDPHULFDQD)RUPDVH,PSUHVRV%RJRtá, Colombia. 548p. *DVSDU63HOiH]500LUDQGD5$QiOLVLV(FROyJLFR\3REODFLRQDOGHOD)DXna Piscícola del Piedemonte Andino Amazónico (Caquetá-Colombia).Convenio UniYHUVLGDGGHOD$PD]RQtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH1DYDUUD(VSDxD3UR\HFWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ )ORUHQFLD&DTXHWi Gery, J. 1977.Characids of the World. Printed in the U.S.A. 647 p. *UHJRU\-'0DOGRQDGR-$3HFHVGHOD=RQD+LGURJHRJUDÀFDGHOD$PD]RQLD &RORPELD ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV HQ 5HFXUVRV %LROyJLFRV$OH[DQGHU YRQ Humboldt. Biota Colombiana 7(1) 55-94p. 80 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD /RPROLQR09(OHYDWLRQJUDGLHQWVRIVSHFLHVGHQVLW\KLVWRULFDODQGSURVSHFWLYH YLHZV*OREDO(FRORJ\%LRJHRJUDSK\²GRLM 0DOGRQDGR -$ 9DUL 5 9 8VPD -6 &KHFNOLVW RI WKH )UHVKZDWHU )LVKHV RI Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2) 143 – 237p. 0DOGRQDGR-$$2UWHJD**DOYLV)9LOOD/9iVTXH]63UDGD&$UGLOD Peces de los Andes de Colombia. Guía de Campo. 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Impreso Cali Colombia. p 404. 6DEDWHU6<$(ORVHJL&RQFHSWRV\7pFQLFDVHQ(FRORJtD)OXYLDO%%9$(VSDxDS 6DQDEULD2FKRD$,39'D]D,&%HOWUDQ3HFHVGHOD$PD]RQLD&RORPELDQD FRQeQIDVLVHQ(VSHFLHVGH,QWHUpV2UQDPHQWDO0LQLVWHULRGH$JULFXOWXUD\'HVDUUROOR 5XUDO,1&2'(58QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD%RJRWi'&S 81 ADICIONES A LA LISTA ANOTADA DE LOS PECES DE AGUAS CONTINENTALES DEL PERU Hernán Ortega10D[+LGDOJR1, Ericka Correa1, Jessica Espino1*LDQQLQD7UHYHMR1, Vanessa Meza1\$QD0DUtD&RUWLMR1 'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,FWLRORJtD0XVHRGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDO8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO0D\RU de San Marcos, Apartado14-0434, Lima 14, Perú. 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Ministerio del Ambiente – Museo de Historia Natural, Lima, Peru. 56 pp. 5REHUWV77KH*ODQGXORFDXGLQDH&KDUDFLG)LVKHVRIWKH*XD\DV%DVLQLQ:HVtern Ecuador. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University), ÀJV Rodríguez M. S.; H. Ortega and R. Covain. 2011. Intergeneric phylogenetic relationsKLSVLQFDWÀVKHVRIWKH/RULFDULLQDH6LOXULIRUPHV/RULFDULLGDHZLWKWKHGHVFULSWLRQRI )RQFKLLORULFDULDQDQRGRQDQHZJHQXVDQGVSHFLHVIURP3HUX-RXUQDORI)LVK%LRORJ\ GRLM 5|PHU8)'XSRQFKHOOH$9HOD'tD]&*DUFtD'iYLOD66LUYDV&'tD]&DWFKD\ -)5HQQR$SLVWRJUDPPDFLQLODEUDVSQ'HVFULSWLRQRIDSRWHQWLDOO\HQGDQJHUHGHQGHPLFFLFKOLGVSHFLHV7HOHRVWHL3HUFLIRUPHV&LFKOLGDHIURPWKH'HSDUWDPHQWR /RUHWR3HUX9HUWHEUDWH=RRORJ\ 5|PHU8,+DKQ$SLVWRJUDPPDEDUORZLVSQ'HVFULSWLRQRIDQHZIDFXOWDWLYH PRXWKEUHHGLQJ FLFKOLG VSHFLHV 7HOHRVWHL 3HUFLIRUPHV *HRSKDJLQDH IURP 1RU ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD WKHUQ3HUX²9HUWHEUDWH=RRORJ\² 5|PHU8(5|PHU'36RDUHV,+DKQ$SLVWRJUDPPDSDQWDORQHVSQ² 'HVFULSWLRQRIDJHRSKDJLQH'ZDUI&LFKOLG7HOHRVWHL3HUFLIRUPHVIURPQRUWKHUQ3HUX ²,Q5|PHU8HG&LFKOLG$WODV1DWXUDO+LVWRU\RI6RXWK$PHULFDQ'ZDUI&LFKOLGV 9ROXPH0HUJXV9HUODJ0HOOH² 5|PHU833UHWRU,+DKQ$SLVWRJUDPPDKXDVFDUVSQ²'HVFULSWLRQRID 'ZDUI&LFKOLGIURP3HUX²,Q5|PHU8HG&LFKOLG$WODV1DWXUDO+LVWRU\RI6RXWK $PHULFDQ'ZDUI&LFKOLGV9ROXPH0HUJXV9HUODJ0HOOH² 5|PHU8(5|PHU,+DKQ$SLVWRJUDPPDURVLWDHVSQ²'HVFULSWLRQRID QHZ'ZDUI&LFKOLGIURP3HUX²,Q5|PHU8HG&LFKOLG$WODV1DWXUDO+LVWRU\RI 6RXWK$PHULFDQ'ZDUI&LFKOLGV9ROXPH0HUJXV9HUODJ0HOOH² RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES DEL MANEJO POBLACIONAL DE PAICHE (Arapaima gigas) y ARAHUANA (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) EN LOS SECTORES DEL MEDIO Y BAJO RÍO PUTUMAYO (PERÚ) 3RU/XLV0R\D1, Amilcar Ortíz1, Carlos Vásquez1 y Hernán Caballero2 (VSHFLDOLVWDVGHO3UR\HFWR0DQHMR,QWHJUDOGHOD3HVFD3UR\HFWR(VSHFLDO%LQDFLRQDO 'HVDUUROOR,QWHJUDOGHOD&XHQFDGHO5tR3XWXPD\R3(',&3 (VSHFLDOLVWDHQ3HVFD'LUHFFLyQ5HJLRQDOGHOD3URGXFFLyQ/RUHWR INTRODUCCIÓN (QHOPDUFRGHO7UDWDGRGH&RRSHUDFLyQ$PD]yQLFD3HUXDQR&RORPELDQRVXVFULWRHQ DPERVJRELHUQRVGLHURQLQLFLRDXQSURFHVRGHFRRSHUDFLyQKDFLDHOGHVDUUROOR integral de sus respectivos territorios amazónicos, asegurando la incorporación a sus HFRQRPtDVQDFLRQDOHV(QHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDHQVHSXEOLFyHO3ODQ&RORPER3HUXDQRSDUDHO'HVDUUROOR,QWHJUDOGHOD&XHQFDGHOUtR3XWXPD\R33&3TXHFRQWHPSODED 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MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS /DViUHDVGHHVWXGLRHVWiQORFDOL]DGDVHQHO'LVWULWRGHO3XWXPD\R3URYLQFLDGH0D\QDV 5HJLyQ /RUHWR )LJXUD /DV DFWLYLGDGHV GHO SUR\HFWR VH KDQ GHVDUUROODGR HQ FXDWUR PyGXORV/RVGRVSULPHURVPyGXORVVHXELFDQHQHO6HFWRU0HGLRGHOUtR3XWXPD\RFRPSUHQGLHQGRODV]RQDVGHSHVFD&HGURFRFKD\7LJUHFRFKDFHUFDGH(O(VWUHFKR\ FRFKD%RERQD\FRFKD%XIHRXELFDGRVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDNPUtRDEDMRGHODORFDOLGDGGH(O(VWUHFKR0DSD$VtPLVPRHQHO6HFWRUGHO%DMRUtR3XWXPD\RVHXELFDQ ORVPyGXORVUHVWDQWHV]RQDVGHSHVFDGH$JXD%ODQFD/DJR*UDQGH\+XDSDSLOOR\ ]RQDVGH6DOD]DU9HQWXUD\6KDSDMD/RDQWHULRUWRWDOL]DFRFKDVVHLVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV \SHVFDGRUHV )LJXUD=RQDVGH0DQHMRGH3HVFDHQHO0HGLR\%DMR3XWXPD\R 3DUDODHYDOXDFLyQSREODFLRQDOGHSDLFKHVHXWLOL]yHOPpWRGRGHFHQVRSRU´SDUFHODµR SRU´SDUDGDµHVWDEOHFLGRSRU&URVVD/DHYDOXDFLyQSREODFLRQDOGHDUDKXDQDVH UHDOL]yPHGLDQWHODDSOLFDFLyQGHOPpWRGRHPStULFRGHFHQVRQRFWXUQRVR´OLQWHUQHRµTXH VHUHDOL]DEDHQWUHODVSPDSP(OFRQWHRVHUHDOL]yPHGLDQWHODREVHUYDFLyQYLVXDO GHORVHMHPSODUHVDGXOWRV\MXYHQLOHVGHWHFWDGRVPHGLDQWHODOXPLQRVLGDGGHVXVRMRV Los censos se realizaron durante la temporada de verano entre los meses de agosto a RFWXEUH RESULTADOS Los censos de paiche realizados entre el 2008 al 2011 muestran que en Cedro cocha no VHUHJLVWUDURQHMHPSODUHVGHSDLFKHVLQHPEDUJRHQ7LJUHFRFKDFXHUSRGHDJXDTXH IXHLQFRUSRUDGRHQODVHYDOXDFLRQHVSREODFLRQDOHVGHODxRVHUHJLVWUyODSUHVHQFLD GHHMHPSODUHVDGXOWRV7DEOD/DDXVHQFLDGHHMHPSODUHVGHSDLFKHHQ&HGURFRFKD HVWiUHODFLRQDGDDODFHUFDQtDD(O(VWUHFKR\HOIUHFXHQWHLQJUHVRGHSHVFDGRUHVHQ FDPELRHQ7LJUHFRFKDDQWHHOSHGLGRGHORVSHVFDGRUHVORFDOHVTXHFRQRFtDQODSUHVHQFLDGHODHVSHFLHVHLQFRUSRUyHOPDQHMRGHHVWD]RQD /DVHYDOXDFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVHQFRFKD%RERQD\FRFKD%XIHRHQWUHDPXHVWUDQLQFUHPHQWRVSREODFLRQDOHVHQUHODFLyQDORUHSRUWDGRHODxR7DEODHQWUH ODVUD]RQHVWHQHPRV/DOHMDQtDGHHVWRVODJRVUHVSHFWRDFHQWURVSREODGRVLPSRUWDQWHV\&RQVROLGDFLyQGHORVJUXSRVGHPDQHMRHQHOFRQWURO\YLJLODQFLD 3RUHOFRQWUDULRODHYDOXDFLyQSREODFLRQDOSDUDHOEDMRUtR3XWXPD\RLQGLFDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQFRQVLGHUDEOHHQUHODFLyQDORUHJLVWUDGRHO7DEODGHELGRSUREDEOHPHQWH D(OHIHFWRPLJUDWRULRGHODHVSHFLHFXDQGRODFRFKDEDMDVXQLYHOGHDJXDODHVSHFLHVDOHKDFLDORVFDXFHVSULQFLSDOHVGHOUtR3XWXPD\RRDODVTXHEUDGDVSURIXQGDV /RVJUXSRVGHPDQHMRVREUHHVWLPDURQORVFRQWHRVGHHVWDHVSHFLH\/DSUHVHQFLD GHSHVFDGRUHVLOHJDOHVTXHGLVPLQX\yODVSREODFLRQHV 7DEOD&HQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHArapaima gigasHQHOPHGLRUtR3XWXPD\RHQWUH D-MXYHQLO$DGXOWR ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD 7DEOD&HQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHArapaima gigasHQHOEDMRUtR3XWXPD\RHQWUH D-MXYHQLO$DGXOWR De otro lado, las evaluaciones de arahuana realizadas entre 2008 a 2011 en CedroFRFKD%RERQD\%XIHRLQGLFDQLQFUHPHQWRVSREODFLRQDOHVLPSRUWDQWHVFRQUHVSHFWR DODxRFRPRUHVXOWDGRGH&XPSOLPLHQWRGHODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHPDQHMRGHOD HVSHFLHGHÀQLGDVHQHOPDUFRGHOSURJUDPD\0HMRUDPLHQWRGHODPHWRGRORJtDHQOD HMHFXFLyQGHORVFHQVRVHQODVFXDOHVVHLQFOX\yFXHUSRVGHDJXDDÁXHQWHVGHODFRFKD SULQFLSDO7DEOD 'HQXHYRSDUDHOEDMRUtR3XWXPD\RHOUHVXOWDGRJOREDOREWHQLGRGXUDQWHHODxR DOFDQ]y HMHPSODUHV FDQWLGDG PHQRU UHVSHFWR DO DxR TXH VH FRQWDELOL]y HMHPSODUHVORTXHUHSUHVHQWyXQGHFUHPHQWRGHO7DEODODVUD]RQHVVRQ EDVWDQWHVLPLODUHVDODVH[SOLFDGDVSDUDHOFDVRGHODHVSHFLHSDLFKH 3DUDHVWDEOHFHUODVFXRWDVGHDSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDHQORVVHFWRUHV PHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\RVHWXYLHURQHQFXHQWDORVFHQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVUHDOL]DGRV\ ODVUHIHUHQFLDVGHUHJLVWURVGHH[WUDFFLyQGHODHVSHFLHHQFDGDVHFWRU$VtODVFRVDVOD FXRWDGHSDLFKHDXWRUL]DGDSRUOD',5(352SDUDIXHGHHMHPSODUHVDGXOWRV SHURVHFDSWXUDURQHMHPSODUHVTXHVLJQLÀFyXQH[FHGHQWHGHH[WUDFFLyQGHO FLIUDFRQVLGHUDGDHQWpUPLQRVPDQHMDEOHVHQYLVWDTXHVHUHDOL]DURQFDSWXUDVHQ]RQDV GHSHVFDIXHUDGHOSURJUDPD\HQFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHODJUDQH[WHQVLyQGHOD]RQD&RQ EDVHHQORDQWHULRUSDUDVHKDSUHYLVWRSURSRQHUXQDFXRWDGHHMHPSODUHV DGXOWRVHQHOPHGLR3XWXPD\R\HQHOEDMR3XWXPD\R 7DEOD&HQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHOsteoglossum bicirrhosumHQHOPHGLRUtR3XWXPD\R HQWUHD-MXYHQLO$DGXOWR 7DEOD&HQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHOsteoglossum bicirrhosumHQHOEDMRUtR3XWXPD\R HQWUHD-MXYHQLO$DGXOWR /DFXRWDGHPDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHDOHYLQHVGHDUDKXDQDSDUDHODxRIXH GHDXWRUL]DGDSRUOD5HVROXFLyQ'LUHFWRUDO1*5/',5(352SDUD ODVGLIHUHQWHV]RQDVGHSHVFDFRQVLGHUDGDVHQHO3URJUDPDGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURGHO 3XWXPD\R/DHYDOXDFLyQGHODHMHFXFLyQGHODVFXRWDVGXUDQWHHODxRDOFDQ]yD XQLGDGHVVHJ~QUHJLVWURVGH',5(352ORTXHUHSUHVHQWyXQH[FHVR GHH[WUDFFLyQGHXQLGDGHVHTXLYDOHQWHDOTXHRFXUULyHQGHWHUPLQDGDV ]RQDVGHSHVFDIXHUDGHOSURJUDPDVREUHSDVDQGRODVFXRWDVHVWDEOHFLGDV(VWDV]RQDVGHSHVFDIXHURQLQFRUSRUDGDVHQODVFXRWDVGHODxR CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES (O3URJUDPDGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURGHODVHVSHFLHV3DLFKH(Arapaima gigas) y Arahuana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)HQORVVHFWRUHVPHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\RKDPRVWUDGRUH ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD VXOWDGRVSRVLWLYRVGHDFXHUGRDORVREMHWLYRVSURSXHVWRVHQHOSURJUDPD/DVSREODFLRQHVGHSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDGHORVVHFWRUHVPHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\RVHHQFXHQWUDQGHQWUR GHXQHTXLOLEULRGLQiPLFRGHPDQHMRPRVWUDQGREXHQDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ /RVUHJLVWURVGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQLQGLFDQTXHHQHOVHFWRUEDMR3XWXPD\RVHPRYLOL]D PD\RUSURGXFFLyQGHELRPDVDGHDPEDVHVSHFLHV3RU~OWLPRODVFRPXQLGDGHVORFDOHVKDQSDUWLFLSDGRDFWLYDPHQWHGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHPDQHMRGHODVHVSHFLHV\HQOD implementación de las medidas de control y vigilancia de los recursos pesqueros en su ]RQDGHLQÁXHQFLD &RQEDVHHQORDQWHULRUHVQHFHVDULRIRUWDOHFHUODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHORVSHVFDGRUHVHQ PHWRGRORJtDVGHFHQVRSREODFLRQDOHVGHSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDDVtFRPRHQODVFRQVXOWDV \ODFRQFHUWDFLyQSDUDHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWR\VHJXLPLHQWRGHODVFXRWDVGHH[WUDFFLyQGH ODV HVSHFLHV ,JXDOPHQWH PHMRUDU ORV UHJLVWURV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ HVWDGtVWLFD SHVTXHUD en especial de los productos de paiche y de alevines de arahuana con la participación GHODVSREODFLRQHVORFDOHV(VIXQGDPHQWDOFRQWLQXDUFRQHOPRQLWRUHRGHODVFXRWDV GHPDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHODVHVSHFLHVFRQSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODVFRPXQLGDGHV SHVTXHUDVRUJDQL]DGDV\DXWRULGDGHVORFDOHV&RPRHOLPSOHPHQWDUXQSURJUDPDGH LQYHVWLJDFLRQHVEiVLFDVSULRUL]DGDVGHODVHVSHFLHVHQDVSHFWRVGHUHSURGXFFLyQKDELWRVDOLPHQWLFLRV\FDSDFLGDGGHFDUJD Finalmente, en necesario considerar implementar y evaluar un plan piloto de repoblaPLHQWRFRQSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDHQ&HGURFRFKDSDUDIXWXURVWUDEDMRV REFERENCIAS $OFiQWDUD )% 0DQHMR LQWHJUDO GH OD SHVFD (VWXGLR GH 3UHIDFWLELOLGDG 2($ Iquitos. $ORQVR-&$JXGHOR(6DOD]DU&$$FRVWD/(0R\D/$1XxH]$YHOODQHGD 02UGHQDFLyQ\'HVDUUROORGHOD3HVFD\OD$FXLFXOWXUDHQOD)URQWHUD&RORPER 3HUXDQD(Q$JXGHOR($ORQVR-&0R\D/$(GV3HUVSHFWLYDVSDUDHORUGHQDPLHQWRGHODSHVFD\ODDFXLFXOWXUDHQHOÉUHDGH,QWHJUDFLyQ)URQWHUL]D&RORPER 3HUXDQDGHOUtR3XWXPD\R,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV6,1&+, ,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH'HVDUUROOR,1$'(SS &URVVD0,QYHVWLJDFLyQSDUWLFLSDWLYDXQDH[SHULHQFLDSURPLVRULDSDUDHOVXEVLGLRGHSURJUDPDVGHPDQHMRGHSLUDUXF~$UDSDLPDJLJDV&XYLHUHQHO%DMR$PD]Rnas. Seminario Taller Internacional de paiche o pirarucú. Instituto de Investigaciones de OD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD::)3HU~3S &URVVD0(YDOXDFLyQGHDEXQGDQFLDGHSDLFKH$JLJDVHQOD5136DWUDYpV GHPpWRGRVGHWUDQVHFWR\GHSDUFHODV,TXLWRVSS ',5(352/(VWDGtVWLFDSHVTXHUDHQOD5HJLyQ/RUHWRSHULRGR ',5(352/5HJLVWURVGH&HUWLÀFDGRVGH3URFHGHQFLDGH$UDKXDQDHQOD5Hgión Loreto, periodo 2001-2006. *XHUUDHWDO0DQXDOGH3URGXFFLyQ\0DQHMRGHDOHYLQHVGHSDLFKH,,$3SS ,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH(VWDGtVWLFDH,QIRUPiWLFD,1(,'LUHFWRULRGH&HQWURV3REODGRVGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH/RUHWR 0HQD$9DOGHUUDPD0*XHUUD+,QIRUPHGHUHVXOWDGRVGHOSUR\HFWR7&3 RLA 2802 – Apoyo al Ordenamiento de la Pesca en el río Putumayo. Organización de ODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVSDUDOD$JULFXOWXUD\OD$OLPHQWDFLyQ²)$2S 3(',&3,QIRUPH)LQDO3UR\HFWR0DQHMR,QWHJUDOGH3HVFDVXEVHGH(O(VWUHFKR Río Putumayo, 19 pp. 3(',&3,QIRUPH)LQDO3UR\HFWR0DQHMR,QWHJUDOGHSHVFDVXEVHGH+XDSDSD Río Putumayo, 19 pp. 3(',&3',5(352/3URJUDPDGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURGHODVHVSHFLHV´3DLFKHµ $UDSDLPD JLJDV \ ´$UDKXDQDµ 2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXP HQ ORV VHFWRUHV PHGLR \ EDMR3XWXPD\RSS 3(',&3,QIRUPHGHHYDOXDFLyQGHODVFXRWDVGHPDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRGH SDLFKHHQORVVHFWRUHVPHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\RDxR\SURSXHVWDGHFXRWDVSDUD HODxRSS 6,1&+,,1$'($VSHFWRVVRFLRHFRQyPLFRVELROyJLFRSHVTXHUR\DPELHQWDO UHODFLRQDGRVFRQODSHVFD\ODDFXLFXOWXUDHQHOHMHIURQWHUL]R3HU~&RORPELDGHOUtR 3XWXPD\R,QIRUPHGHDYDQFHGHUHVXOWDGRVGHOSUR\HFWR%LQDFLRQDO0DQHMR,QWHJUDO GHOD3HVFD33&3,1$'(3HU~,QVWLWXWR6,1&+,&RORPELD/HWLFLD,TXLWRVSS ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD CONOCIENDO Y VALORANDO NUESTROS RECURSOS AMAZÓNICOS A TRAVÉS DE LAS TIC´S: Arapaima gigas /LF (GXF -RVp /LVELQLR &UX] *XLPDUDHV 0J1, Lic. Educ. Melba Rocío Correa Tang 0J3URI6D~O$OH[DQGHU3LQHGR)ORU2%OJR.HPEHU0HMtD&DUKXDQFD2, Est. Mónica Paola García Córdova3 &ROHJLR3DUURTXLDO´1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD6DOXGµ 2 Educación Ambiental. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana 3 Estudiante de Ingeniería Ambiental. Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana INTRODUCCIÓN &RQODOOHJDGDGHODVWHFQRORJtDVHOpQIDVLVGHODSURIHVLyQGRFHQWHHVWiFDPELDQGR GHVGHXQHQIRTXHFHQWUDGRHQHOSURIHVRUTXHVHEDVDHQSUiFWLFDVDOUHGHGRUGHOSL]DUUyQ\HOGLVFXUVRHVWUXFWXUDGRSRUFKDUODVPDJLVWUDOHVKDFLDXQDIRUPDFLyQFHQWUDGD SULQFLSDOPHQWHHQHODOXPQRGHQWURGHXQHQWRUQRLQWHUDFWLYRGHDSUHQGL]DMH81(6&2 (QHVHVHQWLGRODV7,&6MXHJDQXQUROLPSRUWDQWHDOSURYHHUDORVHVWXGLDQWHVLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRQRFLPLHQWRVQHFHVDULRVSDUDHOSURFHVRGHHQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMHHQHO PDUFRGHORVREMHWLYRVHVWUDWpJLFRVTXHDSXQWDQDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQ SRUPHGLRGHODGLYHUVLÀFDFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRV\PpWRGRVSURPRYHUODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQ ODLQQRYDFLyQODGLIXVLyQ\HOXVRFRPSDUWLGRGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\GHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDV (VLPSRUWDQWHGHVWDFDUTXHODV7,&6RIUHFHQODSRVLELOLGDGGHSURSRUFLRQDUDPELHQWHV LQWHOLJHQWHVGHLQWHUDFFLyQSURPRYLHQGRHQORVHVWXGLDQWHVHOGHMDUHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWR SDVLYRDXQDDFWLWXGFRQVWDQWH3RURWURODGRLQFUHPHQWDODSRVLELOLGDGTXHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHVDUUROOHQVXVWDUHDV\WHQJDQLQLFLDWLYDVKDFLDWRPDU´SHTXHxDVµGHFLVLRQHV 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estuGLDGR(VWRSXHGHLQGLFDUTXHODHVSHFLHFXHQWDFRQXQVWRFNGHUHVHUYDFDUDFWHUtVWLFD FRP~Q\DTXHHVIiFLOHQFRQWUDUHVSHFLHVFRQRRFLWRVSUHYLWHORJpQLFRVSHULQXFOHRODUHVDOYHRORFRUWLFDOHQWRGRVODVIDVHVGHODRRJpQHVLV\TXHGHVRYDQHQUHSHWLGDV RFDVLRQHVGXUDQWHWRGRHODxR'H]DHWDO $ SDUWLU GH ODV IDVHV GH OD RRJpQHVLV HQ ORV WHOHyVWHRV VH HVWDEOHFH XQ SDWUyQ GH GHVDUUROOR RYiULFR :DOODFH \ 6HOPDQ UHSRUWDQ RYDULRV VLQFUyQLFRV HQ JUXSRV \DVLQFUyQLFRVPLHQWUDVTXH*ULHUHWDOHVWDEOHFHQODH[LVWHQFLDGHRYDULRV VLQFUyQLFRVHQJUXSRV\DVLQFUyQLFRV&RPR\DVHKDREVHUYDGRH. subvidiris, presenta por lo menos dos tipos celulares germinativos en cada uno de los estadios encontraGRVSRUORWDQWR\WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODVFODVLÀFDFLRQHVDQWHULRUHVSUHVHQWDXQRYDULR VLQFUyQLFRHQJUXSRV $GLFLRQDOPHQWHHQORVWHOHyVWHRVODVHVSHFLHVSXHGHQVHUFODVLÀFDGDVHQGHVRYDGRUHV WRWDOHVRSDUFLDOHV6HVDEHTXHGXUDQWHODIDVHGHPDGXUDFLyQODVKHPEUDVSUHVHQWDQ FDPELRVHQHOIROtFXORRYiULFR(VWHGHVDUUROORRRFLWDULRUHODFLRQDGRFRQODIUHFXHQFLD GHORVGHVRYHVGHQWURGHXQSHULRGRGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\HOQ~PHURGHUHSURGXFFLRQHV UHDOL]DGDVGXUDQWHVXFLFORGHYLGDGHWHUPLQDHOWLSRGHGHVRYDGRUHVDVtFRPRVHWLHQHQHVSHFLHVFRQPiVGHXQORWHGHRRFLWRVHOLPLQDGRHQFDGDSHULRGRGHUHSURGXFFLyQ GHVRYDGRUHVSDUFLDOHV\ORVTXHHQHOFLFORH[SXOVDQVRORHOORWHGHRRFLWRVPDGXURV GHVRYDGRUHVWRWDOHV9D]]ROHU7HQLHQGRODLQIRUPDFLyQDQWHULRU\ORREVHUYDGR SDUD + VXEYLULGLV WHQHPRV HQWRQFHV XQ GHVRYDGRU WRWDO FRPR OR UHSRUWDGR SDUD +HPLDQFLVWUXVVS5DPRV\.RQUDG\SDUDRhinelepis aspera y Megalancistrus aculeatus9D]]ROHUHVSHFLHVTXHSHUWHQHFHQDODIDPLOLD/RULFDULLGDH REFERENCIAS Agostinho AA, Barbieri CM, Barbieri G, Agostinho, C. 1987. Biologia reproductiva de Rhinelepis áspera (Agassiz, 1829) (Teleostei, Loricariidae) no Rio Paranapanema. Estructura dos ovários e estadios de maturação. Rev. Brasil Biologia. Rio de Janeiro. 47 S Agostinho AA, Hanh, NS, Agostinho CS. 1991. Ciclo reproductivo e primeira maduracão GHIrPHDVGH+FRPPHUVRQLL9DOHQFLHQQHV6LOXULIRUPHVQR5HVHUYDWyULR&DSLYDUL&DFKRHLUD355HY%UDVLO%LRO5LRGH-DQHLUR &HN6\<LOPD](*RQDGDOGHYHORSPHQWDQG6H[5DWLRRI6KDUSWRRWKFDWÀVK&OD ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD ULDVJDULHSKLQXV%XUFKHOO&XOWXUHGXQGHU/DERUDWRU\&RQGLWLRQV-=RRO 46p. 'H5RRLM'*5XVVHO/'$OO\RXZDQWHGWR.ZRQDERXWVSHUPDWRJRQLDEXWZHUH DIUDLGWRDVN-$QGUROS 'H]D6%D]iQ5&XOTXLFKLFyQ=%LRORJtD\SHVTXHUtDGH3VHXGRSODVW\VWRPD IDVFLDWXP/LQQDHV3LVHV'RQFHOODHQODUHJLyQGH8FD\DOL)ROLD$PD]yQLFD S 'XDUWH6\$UD~MR))HFXQGLW\RIWKH+\SRVWRPXVDIÀQLV6LOXULIRUPHV/RULFDULLGDHLQWKH/DMHV5HVHUYRLU5LRGH-DQHLUR%UD]LO5HY%LRO7URS (KPFNH-:LVWXED-6FKODWW6(VSHUPDWRJRQLDOVWHPFHOOTXHVWLRQVPRGHOV DQGSHUSHFWLYHV+XP5HSURG8SGDWHS *ULHU+-/RQWRQ-U/HDQWKHUODQG-I'H9ODPLQJ9O6WUXFWXUDOHYLGHQFHIRUWZR GLIIHUHQWWHVWLFXODUW\SHVLQWHOHRWVÀVKHV$PHU-$QDWS Grier, HJ.1993. Comparative organization of Sertoli cells including the Sertoli cell baUULHU,Q5XVVHOO/'*ULVZROG0'HGV7KH6HUWROLFHOO&DFKH5LYHU3UHVV&OHDUZDWHU 704–739p. *ULHU +- 8ULEH 0& 7KH WHVWLV DQG VSHUPDWRJHQHVLV LQ WHOHRVWV (Q %DUULH *0(G5HSURGXFWLYHELRORJ\DQGSK\ORJHQ\RIÀVKHV$JQDWKDVDQGERQ\ÀVKHV 120-142p. *ULHU+-8ULEH0'3$WLQR57KHRYDU\IROOLFXORJHQHVLVDQGRRJHQHVLVLQWHOHRVWV(Q%DUULH*0(G5HSURGXFWLYHELRORJ\DQGSK\ORJHQ\RIÀVKHV$JQDWKDV DQGERQ\ÀVKHVS Guimarães-Cruz RJ, dos Santos JE y Santos GB. 2005. Gonadal structure and gameWRJHQHVLVRIORULFDULD/HQWLJLQRVDLVEUFNHUSLVFHVWHOHRVWHLVLOXULIRUPHV5HY%UDV =RROS *UL]]OH-0\5RJHUV:$QDWRP\DQGKLVWRORJ\RIWKHFKDQQHOFDWÀVK$XEXUQ 3LQWLQJ,QF$XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\$JU([SWO6WDWLRQS +HVV5$\)UDQoD/56SHUPDWRJHQHVLVDQGF\FOHRIWKHVHPLQLIHURXVHSLWKHOLXP,Q&KHQJ&<HG0ROHFXODUPHFKDQLVPVLQVSHUPDWRJHQHVLV/DQGHV%LRVFLHQce. 1–15p. +DUYH\%\&DUROVIHOG-,QGXFHG%UHHGLQJLQ7URSLFDO)LVK&XOWXUH2WWDZD,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW5HVHDUFK&HQWUH ,QFRGHU3HFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGH&RORPELD$UFKLYRHQ&' Inpa. 1999-2000. Boletín estadístico pesquero colombiano. Ministerio de Agricultura. Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura. Bogotá. Landines MA. 2005. Mecanismos celulares de la reproducción de los peces. Capitulo ,(Q'D]DS/DQGLQHV0$\6DQDEULD$HGV5HSURGXFFLyQGHSHFHVGHO trópcio. Incoder y Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. /DVVR&$0RMLFD-,8VPD-60DOGRQDGR&DPSR-$'RQDFLPLHQWR&7DSKRUQ'& 3URYHQ]DQR ) /DVVR$OFDOi 20 *DOYLV * 9iVTXH] / /XJR 0 0DFKDGR$OOLVRQ$ Royero, R, Suárez C, Ortega-Lara, A. 2004. Peces de la cuenca del Río Orinoco. Parte I. Lista de distribución por subcuencas. Biota Colombiana 5(2). 95-158p. /HLQR5/-HQVHQ.0\$QNOH\*7*RQDGDOKLVWRORJ\DQGFKDUDFWHULVWLFKLVWRSDthology associated with endocrine disruption in the adult fathead minnow (Pimephales SURPHODV(QYLURQPHQWDO7R[LFRORJ\DQG3KDUPDFRORJ\S Lior M, Cauty C, Planquette P y Le Bail P. 1989. Comparative study of the male reSURGXFWLYHWUDFWLQVHYHQIDPLOLHVRI6RXWK$PHULFDQFDWÀVKHV$TXDW/LYLQJ5HVRXU S López T, Medina-Robles V y Cruz-Casallas P. 2005 Morfología Testicular del Yaque /HLDULXVPDUPRUDWXV3LVFHV6LOXULGDHHQ(VWDGLRGH0DGXUH]5HSURGXFWLYD,QW- 0RUSKROS 0DQDQRV('XQFDQ1\0\ORQDV&5HSURGXFWLRQDQGFRQWURORIRYXODWLRQVSHUPLDWLRQDQGVSDZQLQJLQFXOWXUHGÀVK²,Q&DEULWD(5REOHV9\+HUUDH]3HGV 0HWKRGVLQ5HSURGXFWLYH$TXDFXOWXUH0DULQHDQG)UHVKZDWHU6SHFLHVSS Mattei X, Siau Y y Thiaw OT. Peculiarities in the organization of testis of Ophidian sp. 3LVFHV7HOHRVWHL(YLGHQFHIRUWZRW\SHVRIVSHUPDWRJHQHVLVLQWHOHRVWÀVK-RXUQDORG ÀVKELRORJ\S 0HGLQD )$EDVFDO -$UDJyQ / 0RXUHQWH *$UDQGD * *DOD] 7 %HOPRQWH$ GH OD 6HUQD-0\*DUFtD65HSURGXFWLYHSHUIRUPDQFHRIEOXHÀQWXQDLQWKHZHVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQLQÁXHQFHRIVDPSOLQJJHDUVLQWKHDVVHVVPHQWRIUHSURGXFWLYHSDUDPHWHUV0DU(FRO3URJ6HU²S 0RQWR\D²/ySH]$7DEDUHV&-(FKHYHUUL$$UEROHGD/2OLYHUD$QJHO0'HVcripción anatómica e histological de las gónadas de Sabaleta (Brycon henni, Eigenmann 1913). Universidad de Antioquia. Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias 3HFXDULDVS Palmer EE, Sorensen PW, Adelman IR. 1995. A histological study of seasonal ovarian GHYHORSPHQWLQIUHVKZDWHUGUXPLQWKH5HG/DNHV0LQQHVRWD-RXUQDORI)LVK%DLRORJ\ ²S 3DUHQWL/*ULHU+(YROXWLRQDQGSK\ORJHQ\RIJRQDGPRUSKRORJ\LQERQ\ÀVKHV ,QWHJU&RPS%LRO²S 3ULHWR&$0RUIRORJLDWHVWLFXODUHHVWUXWXUDGDHVSHUPDWRJrQHVHHPSHL[HVRUnamentais Tetra Negro, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi; Tetra Amarelo, Hyphessobrycon 108 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD bifasciatus e Mato Grosso, Hyphessobrycon eques (Teleostei, Characiformes). Tese DSUHVHQWDGDDR3URJUDPDGH3yVJUDGXDomRHP$TLFXOWXUDGR&HQWURGH$TLFXOWXUD da UNESP. 95p. 5DPtUH]²*LO+$MLDFR²0DUWtQH]5+/DSHVFDGHHVSHFLHVGHLQWHUpVFRPHUFLDO HQHOiUHDGH,QÁXHFLDGH,QtULGD*XDLQtD(Q5DPtUH]*+\5($MLDFR/D SHVFDHQODEDMD2ULQRTXLDFRORPELDQDXQDYLVLyQLQWHJUDO0LQLVWHULRGHDJULFXOWXUD Programa Nacional de Transferencia y Tecnología Agropecuaría, Colciencias e INPA. 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INTRODUCCIÓN /DULTXH]DtFWLFDGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDKDFHTXHVHDFRQVLGHUDGDHQWUHODVPD\RUHV proveedoras de peces ornamentales de agua dulce del mundo (Moreau & Coomes, (O GHO YROXPHQ GH H[SRUWDFLyQ VXGDPHULFDQD HV FXELHUWR SRU VRODPHQWH HVSHFLHV2UWL],DQQDFRQHXQDGHODVFXDOHVHVODDUDKXDQDOsteoglossum bicirrhosum &XYLHU (Q ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV OD GHPDQGD GH DOHYLQRV GH O. bicirrhosum se incrementó debido a que esta siendo comercializado como sustituto de 6FOHURSDJHVIRUPRVXVHQORVPHUFDGRVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVDVLiWLFRV0RUHDX &RRPHV$PEDVHVSHFLHVFRPSDUWHQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHVXKLVWRULDGHYLGDTXH ODVKDFHQYXOQHUDEOHVDODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQPDGXUH]WDUGtDEDMDIHFXQGLGDG\FXLGDGRSDUHQWDOEXFDOSDWHUQR(QOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQDHOVDFULÀFLRGHPDFKRVDGXOWRV VXPDGRDXQOLPLWDGRPRQLWRUHR\GHÀFLHQWHFRQWUROGHVXFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQSRQHQHQ SHOLJURODVSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGHHVWDHVSHFLH0RUHDX&RRPHV'H-HVXV 'D6LOYDHWDO(OHIHFWRGHOFRPHUFLRRUQDPHQWDOVREUHODVHVSHFLHVGHOJHQHUR OsteoglossumSXHGHVHUYLVWRHQOD$PD]RQtDFRORPELDQDGRQGHO. bicirrhosum y O. ferreiraiDSDUHFHQLQFOXLGRVHQHOOLEURURMRGHpVHSDtVFRPRHVSHFLHHQYXOQHUDELOLGDG \HQSHOLJURGHH[WLQFLyQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH$UJXPHGRO. bicirrhosum ha sido SRFR HVWXGLDGR HQ OD$PD]RQtD SHUXDQD GHVFRQRFLpQGRVH PXFKRV DVSHFWRV GH ORV UDVJRV GH YLGD \ GLYHUVLGDG JHQpWLFD GH VXV SREODFLRQHV DVSHFWRV HVHQFLDOHV SDUD GHVDUUROODUSURJUDPDVGHPDQHMRSDUDODHVSHFLH%DOORX[/XJRQ0RXOLQ(O SUHVHQWHWUDEDMRSUHWHQGHFRQWULEXLUDOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHVSHFLHDQDOL]DQGRHQIRUPD SUHOLPLQDUODYDULDELOLGDGJHQpWLFDGHO. bicirrhosum en los principales tributarios de la $PD]RQtDSHUXDQD MATERIALES Y METODOS 6HDQDOL]DURQLQGLYLGXRVGHDUDKXDQDSURFHGHQWHVGHFLQFRORFDOLGDGHV/DJR5LPDFKL5tR3DVWD]D/DJR(O'RUDGR5tR<DQD\DFX3XFDWH+XLFXQJR5tR7DSLFKH (O(VWUHFKR\+XDSDSD5tR3XWXPD\R/DH[WUDFFLyQGH'1$IXHUHDOL]DGDPHGLDQWH HOSURWRFROR&7$%PRGLÀFDGRGH'R\OH'R\OH/RVORFLPLFURVDWpOLWHVDQDOL]DGRVIXHURQWRPDGRVGH'H-HVXV'D6LOYDHWDO/DVDPSOLÀFDFLRQHVIXHURQ UHDOL]DGDVHQYRO~PHQHVWRWDOHVGHѥOFRQWHQLHQGR;%XIIHUP00J&O ѥ0GHFDGDG173ѥ0GHFDGDSULPHU8GH7DTSROLPHUDVD\GHDQJGH '1$JHQyPLFR/DVFRQGLFLRQHVGHWHPSHUDWXUDIXHURQ&[PLQGHGHQDWXUDFLyQ LQLFLDOVHJXLGRGHFLFORVFRQVLVWHQWHVHQGHQDWXUDFLyQD&[VKLEULGDFLyQD &[V\H[WHQVLyQD&[VVHJXLGRVGHXQDH[WHQVLyQÀQDOGH&[ PLQ/DOHFWXUDGHORVPLFURVDWHOOLWHVIXHUHDOL]DGDHQXQ$QDOL]DGRU*HQpWLFR$SSOLHG %LRV\VWHPV[OVLJXLHQGRODPHWRGRORJtDGHOIDEULFDQWH\ORVSHVRVGHORVDOHORV IXHURQGHWHUPLQDGRVFRQHOSURJUDPD3HDN6FDQQHUYHUVLyQ &RQODD\XGDGHOSURJUDPD*HQHWL[YHUVLyQIXHURQHVWLPDGRVSDUDFDGDORFXV HQ FDGD ORFDOLGDG HO Q~PHUR GH DOHORV $ OD KHWHURFLJRFLGDG REVHUYDGD +R \ HVSHUDGD+H\HQWUHSDUHVGHSREODFLRQHVODGLIHUHQFLDDODSDQPL[LD)LVHOtQGLFH GHÀMDFLyQ)67:HLU&RFNHUKDP\OD'LVWDQFLD*HQpWLFDGH1HL/DV UHODFLRQHV HQWUH ODV SREODFLRQHV IXHURQ HVWLPDGDV FRQ D\XGD GHO VRIWZDUH 3+</,3 YHUVLyQ)HOVHQVWHLQ(OGHQGURJUDPD$JUXSDPLHQWR9HFLQR3Uy[LPRIXH YLVXDOL]DGRHQHOVRIWZDUH75((9,(:3DJH/DFRUUHODFLyQHQWUHODGLVWDQFLD JHQpWLFD\ODVGLVWDQFLDVJHRJUiÀFDVOLQHDO\ÁXYLDOIXHURQHVWLPDGDVDWUDYpVGHOFRHÀFLHQWHGHUHJUHVLyQGH3HDUVRQ/RVUHVXOWDGRVIXHURQYHULÀFDGRVFRQODSUXHEDGH 0DQWHO0DQWHOPHGLDQWHHOSURJUDPD*HQHWL[YHUVLyQ RESULTADOS 'LIHUHQFLDFLyQJHQpWLFD\UHODFLRQHVLQWHUSREODFLRQDOHVHQ2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXP 8QWRWDOGHDOHORVIXHURQREVHUYDGRVFRQORVORFLPLFURVDWpOLWHVHQORVLQGLYLGXRVGH2ELFLUUKRVXP/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHOtQGLFHGHÀMDFLyQ)67ODGLVWDQFLDJHQpWLFD GH1HL7DEODDVtFRPRHOGHQGURJUDPDREWHQLGRFRQYDORUHVGH%RRWVWUDS HOHYDGRVREWHQLGRVFRQUpSOLFDVPXHVWUDQXQDIXHUWHHVWUXFWXUDFLyQHQWUHSREODFLRQHVDQDOL]DGDV)LJXUD(VWDHVWUXFWXUDFLyQHVFRQFRUGDQWHFRQODVFXHQFDV JHRJUiÀFDV GH SURFHGHQFLD GH ORV LQGLYLGXRV DQDOL]DGRV SREODFLRQHV JHRJUiÀFDV SREODFLRQHVJHQpWLFDVPRVWUDQGRTXHODVORFDOLGDGHVPiVUHODFLRQDGDVIXHURQ+XLFXQJR\(O'RUDGR)671HL%RRWVWUDS VHJXLGRGHODVSREODFLRQHV GHO(VWUHFKR\+XDSDSD)671HL%RRWVWUDS (QWDQWRTXHHVWDV FXDWURSREODFLRQHVVHHQFXHQWUDQVHSDUDGDVGHODSREODFLyQGHOODJR5LPDFKL%RRWVWUDS 128 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD Figura 1. 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G. 2005. Arawanas, manual para la cría comercial en cautiverio. Asociación de Acuicultores del Caquetá (ACUICA). Caquetá,Colombia. 105pp. %DOORX[ ) /XJRQ0RXOLQ 1 7KH HVWLPDWLRQ RI SRSXODWLRQ GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ ZLWK PLFURVDWHOOLWHPDUNHUV0ROHFXODU(FRORJ\ Cala, P. 1973. Presencia de Osteoglossum em los Llanos (Orinoquia). Acta Zoologica Colombiana. 18, 8. 'H-HVXV'D6LOYD7GH-+UEHN7)DULDV,30LFURVDWHOOLWHPDUNHUVIRUWKH silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossiformes). MoOHFXODU(FRORJ\5HVRXUFHV 'R\OH--'R\OH-/$UDSLG$'1LVRODWLRQSURFHGXUHIRUVPDOOTXDQWLWLHVRI IUHVKOHDIWLVVXH3K\WRFKHP%XOO (FKHQLTXH521~xH]$YHOODQHGD0'XTXH65&KORURFRFFDOHVGHOD$PD]RQLD FRORPELDQD,&KORUHOODFHDH\6FHQHGHVPDFHDH&DOGDVLD )HOVHQVWHLQ-3+</,33K\ORJHQ\LQIHUHQFHSDNDJHYHUVLyQJHQHUDOLQIRUmation manual. University of Washintgton, Seattle, Washington. 132pp. *HUODFK * 0XVROI . ) )UDJPHQWDWLRQ RI ODQGVFDSH DV D FDXVH IRU JHQHWLF VXEGLYLVLRQLQEDQNYROHV&RQVHUYDWLRQ%LRORJ\ ,5'6(1$0+,,QIRUPH7pFQLFR´GD&RPLVLyQGHDIRURVPXHVWUHRGHDJXD\ VHGLPHQWRV&XHQFDVGHORV5tRV$PD]RQDV1DQD\0DUDxyQ1DSR8FD\DOLµ Mantel, N. (1967). “The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression DSSURDFKµ&DQFHU5HVHDUFK² Moreau, M. A.; Coomes, O. T. 2006. Potential threat of the international aquarium trade WRVLOYHUDUDZDQD2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXPLQWKH3HUXYLDQ$PD]RQ2U\[² 0RUHDX0$&RRPHV27$TXDULXPÀVKH[SORLWDWLRQLQZHVWHUQ$PD]RQLD FRQVHUYDWLRQLVVXHVLQ3HUX(QYLURQPHQWDO&RQVHUYDWLRQ 131 Ortiz, N.; Iannacone, J. 2008. 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Genetic Structure and %LRJHRJUDSK\RI$VLDQ$URZDQD6FOHURSDJHVIRUPRVXV'HWHUPLQHGE\0LFURVDWHOOLWH DQG 0LWRFKRQGULDO '1$ DQDO\VLV $VLDQ )LVKHULHV 6RFLHW\ 0DQLOD Philippines. Tiedemann, R.; Hardy, O.; Vekemans, X.; Milinkovitch, M. C. 2000. Higher impact of female than male migration on population structure in large mammals. 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'LDQD &DVWUR5XL] 1,2 &KULVWLDQ )HUQiQGH] 3,46RSKLH 4XHURXLO 1,5, Werner Chota-Macuyama 1,2, Etienne Baras 5)DEULFH'XSRQFKHOOH1,5-HDQ)UDQoRLV5HQQR1,5, Carmen *DUFtD'iYLOD1,2-HV~V1~xH]1,5 /DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$ /DERUDWRULR GH %LRORJtD \ *HQpWLFD 0ROHFXODU /%*0 ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV GHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3&DUUHWHUD,TXLWRV1DXWDNP,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLO GQDFDVWUR#\DKRRFRP 3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3DUDHO8VRGHO$JXD\VXV5HFXUVRV$48$5(&,QVtituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos Nauta km 4.5, Iquitos, Perú. /DERUDWRULRGH$FXDULVWLFD)DFXOWDGGH2FHDQRJUDItD3HVTXHUtD&LHQFLDV$OLPHQWDULDV\$FXLFXOWXUD)23&$8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO)HGHULFR9LOODUUHDO81)90LUDÁRres, Lima, Perú. ,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH INTRODUCCIÓN La doncella, es uno de los bagres amazónicos que presenta un elevado potencial para OD SURGXFFLyQ FRPHUFLDO HQ WRGD$PpULFD GHO 6XU .RVVRZVNL *RXOGLQJ 5HLG'HELGRDODFDOLGDGGHVXÀOHWHFRQVLVWHQFLDDXVHQFLDGHHVSLQDVLQWUDPXVFXODUHV\VXDJUDGDEOHVDERUDGHPiVSRUVHUFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRSH]RUQDPHQWDO HQVXHWDSDMXYHQLO3DGLOODHWDOSUHVHQWDXQDJUDQGHPDQGDHQHOPHUFDGR UHJLRQDOHLQWHUQDFLRQDOTXHSRUDKRUDHVFXELHUWDDWUDYpVGHODSHVFDFRPHUFLDOHQ DPELHQWHVQDWXUDOHV7HOOR*DUFtD(VWDGHPDQGDRFDVLRQDXQDXPHQWRGHOD SUHVLyQGHSHVFD\ODFDSWXUDGHLQGLYLGXRVFRQWDOODVSRUGHEDMRGHODSULPHUDPDGXUH] VH[XDOORFXDOJHQHUDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHVXVSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHV\IXWXUDVSpUGLGDV HFRQyPLFDVSDUDHOVHFWRUSHVTXHUR7HOOR*DUFtD/DSLVFLFXOWXUDGHODGRQcella, es una buena opción para reducir la sobrepesca de sus poblaciones naturales, FRQWULEX\HQGRGHHVWDPDQHUDDODELRFRQVHUYDFLyQGHOUHFXUVR*DUFtDHWDO $SHVDUTXHHVWDHVSHFLHWLHQHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVIDYRUDEOHVSDUDVXFXOWLYRHQFDXWLYHULR XQDEXHQDWDVDGHFUHFLPLHQWRNJ\FPHQPHVHVIHFXQGLGDGHOHYDGD 000 óvulos/kg), resistencia a la manipulación y adaptación a dietas balanceadas, no se 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%DUDV(6LOYDGHO$JXLOD'90RQWDOYDQ1DUDQMRV*9'XJXp5&KX.RR)'XSRQFKHOOH)5HQQR-)*DUFLD'iYLOD&1XxH]-+RZPDQ\PHDOVDGD\WR PLQLPL]HFDQQLEDOLVPZKHQUHDULQJODUYDHRIWKH$PD]RQLDQFDWÀVK3VHXGRSODW\VWRPD SXQFWLIHU"7KHFDQQLEDO·VSRLQWRIYLHZ$TXDW/LYLQJ5HVRXU &DVWUR5XL]'4XHURXLO6%DUDV(&KRWD0DFX\DPD:'XSRQFKHOOH)1XxH] -5HQQR-)*DUFtD'iYLOD&5'HWHUPLQDFLyQGHSDUHQWHVFRHQODUYDVGH 3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP/LQQDHXVSURGXFLGDVHQFDXWLYHULR)ROLD$PD]yQLFDYRO² 'XJXp 5 &RUFX\ 1 'XSRQFKHOOH ) 5HQQR -) /HJHQGUH 0 1XxH] - ,QÁXHQFLDGHOIRWRSHULRGR\GHOULWPRGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVREUHODVREUHYLYHQFLDODUYDOGHO surubí (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum).Comunicaciones del Coloquio Internacional. Bíología de las poblaciones de Peces de la Amazonia y Piscicultura,pp..199-204. *DUFLD$7HOOR6DOYDGRU9DUJDV*'XSRQFKHOOH)3DWWHUQVRIFRPPHUFLDO ÀVK ODQGLQJV LQ WKH /RUHWR UHJLRQ 3HUXYLDQ$PD]RQ EHWZHHQ DQG )LVK 3K\VLRO%LRFKHP² 144 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD *RXOGLQJ07KHÀVKHVDQGWKHIRUHVW([SORUDWLRQVLQ$PD]RQLDQQDWXUDOKLVWRU\ University of California Press, Berkeley. 280 pp. .RVVRZVNL&3HUVSHFWLYHGH/·pOHYDJHGrVSRLVRQVFKDWV6LOXURLGHLHQ$PpULTXHGX6XG$TXDW/LYLQJ5HVRXU Montalvan G. 2008. Ontogenia de la doncella, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus, 1766), y su relación con la dinámica del canibalismo. Tesis para optar el título de ingeQLHUR3HVTXHUR81)9)23&$/LPD 1XxH]-'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHQRXYHOOHVHVSqFHVG·LQWpUrWSLVFLFROHHQ$PD]RQLH Cah Agric, vol, 18, n° 2-3. 1XxH]-'XJXp5&RUFX\1'XSRQFKHOOH)5HQQR-)5D\QDXG7+XEHUW1 Legendre, M. 2008. Induced breeding and larval rearing of Surubí, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus,1766), from the Bolivian Amazon. Aquaculture Research, in press. 3DGLOOD3$OFiQWDUD),VPLxR55HSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDGHODGRQFHOOD3VHXGRSODW\VWRPD IDVFLDWXP \ GHVDUUROOR HPEULRQDULR ² ODUYDO )ROLD$PD]yQLFD 141- 155 Reid, S. 1983. La Biología de los Bagres Rayados Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum y P. WLJULQXPHQODFXHQFDGHOUtR$SXUH9HQH]XHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO([SHULPHQWDOGH ORV/ODQRV2FFLGHQWDOHV(]HTXLHO=DPRUD6HULH3URG$JULF$xR1R Tello, S.; García, A. 2009. La pesquería de grandes bagres en la región Loreto.Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana. 28 pp PISCÍCULTURA ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD DETERMINAÇÃO DA SELETIVIDADE ALIMENTAR EM LARVAS DE MATRINXà Brycon amazonicus* Ana Carolina Souza Sampaio10DUOH$QJpOLFD9LOODFRUWD&RUUHD2, Mário Roberto Chim )LJXHLUHGR3 e Geraldo Bernardino4 ,1&8)$0FKHURO\QH#JPDLOFRP'(3(6&$8)$0PDUOH#XIDPHGXEU)85* GRFFKLP#IXUJEU6(3$6(3525JEHUQDUGLQR#LJFRPEU 'DGRVREWLGRVGD'LVVHUWDomRGH0HVWUDGRDSUHVHQWDGDDR3URJUDPDGH3yV*UDGXDomRHP$TLFXOWXUD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR5LR*UDQGH)85*3URMHWRÀQDQFLDGRSHOR&134H)$3($03URJUDPD5+3yVJUDG INTRODUÇÃO 2PDWULQ[mBrycon amazonicuspXPDHVSpFLHQDWLYDFRPyWLPRGHVHPSHQKR]RRWpFQLFRHVHDGDSWDIDFLOPHQWHDRVVLVWHPDVGHFXOWLYRXWLOL]DGRVQDUHJLmRDPD]{QLFD &RQWXGRDSURGXomRGHODUYDVHDOHYLQRVGHVWLQDGDDRDEDVWHFLPHQWRGHIRUPDVMRYHQVQmRWHPVXSULGRDGHPDQGDORFDOOHYDQGRRVSURGXWRUHVDLPSRUWiODVGHRXWURV HVWDGRV 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Sistema semi-intensivo para criação de larvas de Brycon cephaOXV3DQRUDPDGDDTLFXOWXUD HYSLOP, E. J. 1980. Stomach contents analysis- a review of methods and their appliFDWLRQ-RXUQDORI)LVK%LRORJ\ .$0/(5(5HVRXUFHDOORFDWLRQLQ\RONIHHGLQJÀVK5HY)LVK%LRO)LVKHULHV 143–200 /(21$5'2$)*$omRGDWULLRGRWLURQLQDQDFULDomRGHODUYDVGHSLUDFDQMXED %U\FRQRUELJQ\DQXVHGRPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXVS7HVH'RXWRUDGR QR&HQWURGH$TLFXOWXUDGD81(63²)DFXOGDGHGH&LrQFLDV$JUiULDVH9HWHULQiULDGH Jaboticabal, São Paulo /23(6 510 6(1+25,1, -$ 62$5(6 0 &) 'HVHQYROYLPHQWR HPEULRQiULRHODUYDOGRPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXV*XQWKHU3LVFHV&KDUDFLGDH %ROHWLP7pFQLFRGR&(37$3LUDVVXQXQJD PALOHEIMO, L. E. 1979. Indices of food type preference by a predador. 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Acta Limno ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD logica Brasiliensia, v, 6, p,114-1132 6,3$Ô%$7$9$5(6/+52&+$23URGXomRGHSOkQFWRQÀWRSOkQFWRQH]RRSOkQFWRQSDUDDOLPHQWDomRGHRUJDQLVPRVDTXiWLFRV6mR&DUORVS 6,3$Ô%$7$9$5(6 /+$/9$5(= (- '$ 6 %5$*$ ) 0 '( 6 :DWHU quality and zooplankton in tanks with larvae of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1949), Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 68, p,77-86 TESSER. M. B.; PORTELLA, M. C. 2006. Ingestão de ração e comportamento de larvas de pacu em resposta a estímulos químicos e visuais. Revista Brasileira de ZootecQLD :$1.2:,6.,-:-%HKDYLRXUDODVSHFWVRISUHGDWLRQE\MXYHQLOH$WODQWLF6DOPRQ6DOPRVDDOD/RQSDUWLFXODWHGULIWLQJ$QLPDO%HKDY :(51(5((+$//'-2SWLRQDOIRUDJLQJGHVL]HVHOHFWLRQRISUH\E\WKH EOXHJLOOVXQÀVK/HSRPLVPRFKURFKLUXV(FRORJ\ ZARET, T. M. 1980. 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M. 1982. Manual del Laboratorio Veterinario de Análisis Clínicos. Editorial $&5,%,$=DUDJR]D(VSDxDS &DOGHUyQ&%DOWD]DU3&XOWLYRGHJDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXPHP MDXODVÁRWDQWHVFRQGLIHUHQWHVGHQVLGDGHV5HV~PHQHVGH([SRVLFLRQHVGR&RQJUHso Nacional de Acuicultura. UNALM-Lima. 7 pp. &KDJDV(/RXUHQoR-*RPHV/9DO$'HVHPSHQKRHHVWDGRGHVD~GH de tambaquis cultivados em tanques-rede sob diferentes densidades de estocagem. ,Q8UELQDWL(&\ULQR-(GV;,,6LPSyVLR%UDVLOHLURGH$TLFXOWXUD$TXDELR-DERWLFDEDO63S &KDJDV(9DO$(IHLWRGDYLWDPLQD&QRJDQKRGHSHVRHHPSDUkPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVGHWDPEDTXL(0%5$3$$PD]{QLD2FLGHQWDO²,13$%UDVLO3HVT$JURSHF%UiV ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD &KDJDV('H$UD~MR/'D6LOYD$*RPHV/%UDQGmRI5HVSRVWDVÀVLROyJLFDVGHWDPEDTXLDEDQKRVWHUDSrXWLFRVFRPPHEHQGD]RO3HVTDJURSHF%UDV &KX.RR ) &KHQ 5 3DUiPHWURV KHPDWROyJLFRV GH JDPLWDQD &RORVVRPD PDFURSRPXPDOLPHQWDGD FRPGLHWDVDEDVHGHKDULQDVGH\XFDSOiWDQR\SLMXD\R 5HV~PHQHV GH ([SRVLFLRQHV GR &RQJUHVR 1DFLRQDO GH$FXLFXOWXUD 81$/0/LPD Perú. p. 12-13. &KXTXLSLRQGR-0/*DOGRV5$3,QÁXHQFLDGHODKDULQDGHSOiWDQR0XVD paradisiaca L. en el crecimiento de alevinos de gamitana Colossoma macropomum &XYLHU7HVLVSDUDRSWDUHO7tWXORGH%LyORJR)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV%LROyJLFDV Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana. Iquitos, Perú. 78. *RPHV/%UDQGmR)&KDJDV()HUUHLUD0/RXUHQoR1(IHLWRGRYROXPH do tanque-rede na produtividade de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) durante a UHFULD$FWD$PD]yQLFD +UXEHF7&DUGLQDOH-6PLWK6+HPDWRORJ\DQGSODVPDFKHPLVWU\UHIHUHQFH LQWHUYDOVIRUFXOWXUHGWLODSLD2UHRFKURPLVKLEULG9HWHULQDU\&OLQLFDO3DWKRORJ\ 12. 3DGLOOD33HUHLUD)LOKR00RUL/,QÁXHQFLDGHOHQVLODGRELROyJLFRGHSHVcado y pescado cocido en el crecimiento y la composición corporal de alevinos de JDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP)ROLD$PD]yQLFD 5RXEDFK5'H2OLYHLUD$'H2OLYHLUD1&KDJDV($TXDFXOWXUHRIWDPEDTXLDQGLWVYLWDPLQ&UHTXLUHPHQWV,QWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQJUHVVRQWKH%LRORJ\RI)LVK 9DQFRXYHU%LRFKHPLFDODQG3K\VLRORJLFDO$GYDQFHVLQ)LQÀVK$TXDFXOWXUHS 6KHSKHUV-%URPDJH1,QWHQVLYH)LVK)DUPLQJ0DGULG3URIHVVLRQDO%RRNV 126pp. 7DYDUHV'tDV0/DWHUoD0&DQHOOR60DNRWR()ORUHV&(QJUiFLD-5XDV ) $OWHUDo}HV KHPDWROyJLFDV H KLVWRSDWROyJLFDV HP SDFX 3LDUDFWXV PHVRSRtamicus Holmberg, 1887. (Osteichthyes, Characidae), tratado com sulfato de cobre &X62$FWD6FLHQWLDUXP 8UELQDWL(&DUQHLUR33UiWLFDVGHPDQHMRHHVWUHVVHGRVSHL[HVHPSLVFLFXOWXUD(P&\ULQR-8UELQDWL()UDFDORVVL'&DVWDJQROOL1(GV7ySLFRVHVSHFLDLV HPSLVFLFXOWXUDGHiJXDGRFHWURSLFDOLQWHQVLYD6mR3DXOR7HF$UW :HGHPH\HU*%DUWRQ%0FOHD\'6WUHVVDQGDFFOLPDWLRQ,Q0HWKRGVIRU ÀVKELRORJ\6FKUHFN&%0R\OH3%(GV$PHULFDQ)LVKHULHV6RFLHW\%HWKHVGD p. 451-490. Wedemeyer, G. 1997. Effects of rearing conditions on the health and physiological quaOLW\RIÀVKLQLQWHQVLYHFXOWXUH,Q,ZDPDJ3LFNHULQJ$6XPSWHU-6FKUHFN&(GV )LVKVWUHVVDQGKHDOWKLQDTXDFXOWXUH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV EVALUACIÓN DE TRES DIETAS EXTRUSADAS DE INICIO EN EL CRECIMIENTO, UTILIZACIÓN DEL ALIMENTO, COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL Y PARÁMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS DE LA GAMITANA (Colossoma macropomum) )UHG&KX.RR1,2, Yuri Ramírez Cárdenas3; Ana Rodríguez Veintemilla3, Jorge Babilonia Medina2 $OIRQVR%HUQX\5RGUtJXH]2 ,,$33URJUDPD$48$5(&/DERUDWRULRGH%URPDWRORJtD/LPQRORJtD\+HPDWRORJtD ,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLOIFKXN#JPDLOFRP 2UNAP. 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\/RFKPDQQHWDOHQODSURSLDJDPLWDQD,+6HQWUH\DOLPHQWDGDFRQ dietas ricas en carbohidratos y cultivadas en condiciones similares al presente estudio, VLQH[SUHVDUXQDSUHRFXSDFLyQHVSHFLDOSRUHVWRVYDORUHV Composición corporal $OÀQDOGHOH[SHULPHQWRHOFRQWHQLGRFRUSRUDOGHSURWHtQDVFHQL]DV\JUDVDVYDULyVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWH3UHVSHFWRDORVQLYHOHVREWHQLGRVDOLQLFLR /RVSHFHVSUHVHQWDURQJDQDQFLDFRUSRUDOGHSURWHtQDVHQHORUGHQGHDOUHYHODQGRXQDDGHFXDGDDVLPLODFLyQGHSURWHtQDVGHODVWUHVGLHWDVFRQFRUGDQGRDVtFRQ ORVQLYHOHVGH7&$($7(3\813$UHJLVWUDGRVHQHOWUDEDMR6LQHPEDUJRVHJ~Q ODSUXHEDGH7XNH\QRVHSURGXMHURQFDPELRVVLJQLÀFDWLYRV3!HQHOFRQWHQLGR SURWHLFRGHORVSHFHVFXDQGRIXHFRPSDUDGDXQDGLHWDFRQRWUD7DEOD 7DEOD&RPSRVLFLyQFRUSRUDOGHSURWHtQDJUDVD\FHQL]DVGHORVDOHYLQRVGHJDPLWDQD Colossoma macropomumHQHO([SHULPHQWR 6DQ]VRVWLHQHTXHODFRPSRVLFLyQFRUSRUDOGHXQSH]VHPDQWLHQHFRQVWDQWH HQ HO WLHPSR \ TXH SXHGH VHU DIHFWDGD OLJHUDPHQWH FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GH DOJXQD LQÁXHQFLD GH WLSR QXWULFLRQDO (Q HO SUHVHQWH WUDEDMR REVHUYDPRV FODUDPHQWH TXH ORV QLYHOHVFRUSRUDOHVGHSURWHtQDVJUDVDV\FHQL]DVVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHGLIHUHQWHVDOLQLFLR \DOÀQDOGHOHVWXGLRMXVWDPHQWHFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVWUHVGLHWDVHYDOXDGDV3DUD UHIRU]DUQXHVWURKDOOD]JRHQFRQWUDPRVTXHVLPLODUHVUHVXOWDGRVIXHURQUHSRUWDGRVSRU 6REHUyQHWDOHQHVWDPLVPDHVSHFLH 8QGHWDOOHDFRQVLGHUDUHVTXHHOFRQWHQLGRFRUSRUDOGHJUDVD\HO,+6IXHURQVLHPSUH PiVHOHYDGRVHQORVSHFHVGHOD'ORTXHLQGLFDUtDXQH[FHVRGHHQHUJtDHQHVWD GLHWDSURYHQLHQWHGHODOWRQLYHOGHFDUERKLGUDWRVGLHWDULRVGHODPLVPDaTXH VHHVWDUtDDFXPXODQGRFRPRWHMLGRDGLSRVRGHUHVHUYD\HQHOKtJDGR 7DEOD3DUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVSURPHGLRHUURUHVWiQGDUREWHQLGRVHQDOHYLQRV de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum DOLPHQWDGRV FRQ WUHV GLHWDV H[WUXVDGDV FRPHUFLDOHVGHLQLFLR ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD Parámetros hematológicos (sanidad) (QVDQLGDGDFXtFRODORVSDUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVVRQHPSOHDGRVFRPRLQGLFDGRUHV ÀVLROyJLFRVGHGLVIXQFLyQRUJiQLFDSRUHVWUpVGHVQXWULFLyQFUyQLFDRSRUFRQVHFXHQFLD 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1LQJXQDGHODVGLHWDVGHPRVWUyVHUDEVROXWDPHQWHVXSHULRUDODVRWUDVFRPSUREiQGRVHXQEXHQQLYHOGHFUHFLPLHQWR\XWLOL]DFLyQDOLPHQWLFLDHQWRGDV/RVSHFHVGHOD' SUHVHQWDURQQLYHOHVPiVDGHFXDGRVGH,+6/DVWUHVGLHWDVSURGXMHURQXQLQFUHPHQWR GHSURWHtQD\JUDVDFRUSRUDODVtFRPRXQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHOFRQWHQLGRPLQHUDOGHORV SHFHVDOÀQDOGHOHVWXGLR(ODQiOLVLVVDQJXtQHRSRUVXSDUWHQRPRVWUySUREOHPDVGH DQHPLD R GHVHTXLOLEULRV QXWULFLRQDOHV DSDUHQWHV$O WHQHU UHQGLPLHQWRV VLPLODUHV HV GHFLVLyQGHOSLVFLFXOWRUHVFRJHUODGLHWDGHLQLFLRGHVXSUHIHUHQFLDSUHYLRDQiOLVLVGHO FRVWRGHODPLVPD REFERENCIAS $GHOL]L 3' 5RVDWL 55 :DUQHU . :X <9 0XHQFK 75 :KLWH 05 %URZQ 37%(YDOXDWLRQRIÀVKPHDOIUHHGLHWVIRUUDLQERZWURXW2QFRUK\QFKXVP\NLVV $TXDFXOWXUH1XWULWLRQ %DVWDUGR+6FRU]D&6RÀD69DULDEOHVKHPDWROyJLFDV\ELRTXtPLFDVHQOD trucha arco iris, relacionadas con la condición hepática y la edad. Zootecnia Tropical, &HQWHQR / 6LOYD$FXxD 5 %DUULRV 5 6DOD]DU /XJR 5 0DWXWH & 3pUH] -/ 2007. Características hematológicas de la cachama (Colossoma macropomum) en tres HWDSDV GH FUHFLPLHQWR FXOWLYDGDV HQ HO HVWDGR 'HOWD$PDFXUR 9HQH]XHOD =RRWHFQLD 7URSLFDO 'DxLQR3$1DVK5/&KX.RR)0RUL3LQHGR/D&UHFLPLHQWRFRQYHUVLyQ alimenticia y sobrevivencia de paco (Piaractus brachypomus) cultivado en estanques FRQ\VLQUHYHVWLPLHQWRGHJHRPHPEUDQDVHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD,Q1~xH]-*DUFtD'iYLOD &5 &KX.RR ) 3RUWR - HGV &RPXQLFDFLRQHV GHO ,, :RUNVKRS VREUH Biología de las Poblaciones de Peces de la Amazonía y Piscicultura. 148-154p. 'DxLQR3$1DVK5/&KX.RR)E5HQGLPLHQWRSURGXFWLYRGHODJDPLWDQD (Colossoma macropomum) cultivada en estanques con y sin revestimiento de geoPHPEUDQDV HQ OD$PD]RQtD SHUXDQD ,Q 1~xH] - *DUFtD'iYLOD &5 &KX.RR ) Porto J. (eds.). Comunicaciones del II Workshop sobre Biología de las Poblaciones de Peces de la Amazonía y Piscicultura. 155-161p. 'HO5LVFR09HOiVTXH]-3DGLOOD30RUL3LQHGR/&KX.RR)(IHFWRV GHWUHVQLYHOHVSURWHLFRVGLHWDULRVHQHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHMXYHQLOHVGHSDLFKH$UDSDLPD JLJDV6FKLQ])ROLD$PD]yQLFD *RPHV/%UDQGmR)&KDJDV()HUUHLUD0/RXUHQoR1(IHLWRGRYROXPH do tanque-rede na produtividade de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) durante a UHFULD$FWD$PD]yQLFD /LP&<LOGLULP0:HONHU7.OHVLXV+*URZWKSHUIRUPDQFHLQPXQHUHVponse, and resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed diets containing various levels of vitamins C and E. 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Valorando y preservando nuestros peces amazónicos. Editorial Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana. Iquitos, Perú. $GHOL]L3'5RVDWL55:DUQHU.:X<90XHQFK75:KLWH05%URZQ3% (YDOXDWLRQRIÀVKPHDOIUHHGLHWVIRUUDLQERZWURXW2QFRUK\QFKXVP\NLVV$TXDFXOWXUH1XWULWLRQ $UPDV 25$ ,QÁXHQFLD GH OD KDULQD GH WDUZL /XSLQXV PXWDELOLV )DEDFHDH en el crecimiento de alevinos de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae) criados en ambientes controlados. Tesis para optar el Título de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 66p. %DQFHV.&0R\D/&6XVWLWXFLyQGHODKDULQDGHPDt]=HDPD\VSRUOD harina de almendro de umarí (Poraqueiba sericea) en raciones para alevines de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum (Pisces, Serrasalmidae). Tesis para optar el Título de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 70 p. &DPSRV30)6XVWLWXFLyQGHODKDULQDGHPDt]=HDPD\VSRUKDULQDGHNXG]X Pueraria phaseoloides en dietas para alevinos de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum FULDGRVHQMDXODV7HVLVSDUDRSWDUHO7tWXOR3URIHVLRQDOGH%LyORJR81$3,TXLWRV3HU~ 72p. &DVDGR '&35RGUtJXH] &/$OFiQWDUD %)&KX.RR ) (YDOXDFLyQ GHO WULJR UHJLRQDO &RL[ ODFU\PDMREL 3RDFHDH FRPR LQVXPR DOLPHQWLFLR SDUD JDPLWDQD &RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP)ROLD$PD]yQLFD &DVDQRYD)5&KX.RR)(YDOXDFLyQGHOSROYLOORGHPDOWDGHFHEDGD+RUGHXPYXOJDUHFRPRLQVXPRDOLPHQWLFLRSDUDJDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP)R- ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD OLD$PD]yQLFD &KX.RR):.RKOHU&&)DFWLELOLGDGGHOXVRGHWUHVLQVXPRVYHJHWDOHVHQ GLHWDVSDUDJDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP,Q5HQQR-)*DUFtD'iYLOD&5 'XSRQFKHOOH)1~xH]-HGV%LRORJtDGHODV3REODFLRQHVGH3HFHVGHOD$PD]Rnía y Piscicultura. 184-191p. &KXTXLSLRQGR-0/*DOGyV5$3,QÁXHQFLDGHODKDULQDGHSOiWDQR0XVD paradisiaca L. en el crecimiento de alevinos de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818). Tesis para optar el Título de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos – Perú. 78p. 'DxLQR3$1DVK5/&KX.RR)5HQGLPLHQWRSURGXFWLYRGHODJDPLWDQD (Colossoma macropomum) cultivada en estanques con y sin revestimiento de geoPHPEUDQDVHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD,Q1~xH]-&KX.RR)3RUWR-*DUFtD'ivila, C.R. (eds.). Biología de las Poblaciones de Peces de la Amazonía y Piscicultura. 155-161p. /RFKPDQQ5&KHQ5&KX.RR):&DPDUJR:.RKOHU&&(IIHFWVRI carbohydrate-rich alternative feedstuffs on growth, survival, body composition, hematoORJ\DQGQRQVSHFLÀFLPPXQHUHVSRQVHRI%ODFN3DFX&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXPDQG 5HG3DFX3LDUDFWXVEUDFK\SRPXV-RXUQDORIWKH:RUOG$TXDFXOWXUH6RFLHW\ 44. 0DFKXFD(-0HMtD338WLOL]DFLyQGHODKDULQDGHOHQWHMDGHDJXD/HPQD sp.) en dietas para alevinos de paco (Piaractus brachypomus) y pacotana (Colossoma PDFURSRPXP [ 3LDUDFWXV EUDFK\SRPXV FULDGRV HQ MDXODV ÁRWDQWHV7HVLV SDUD optar el Título Profesional de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 75p 0HUFDGR)-$(IHFWRGHWUHVGLHWDVSUDFWLFDVDEDVHGHFDVWDxD%HUWKROOHWLD H[FHOVD SLMXD\R %DFWULV JDVLSDHV \ PXFXQD 0XFXQD SUXULHQV HQ HO GHVHPSHxR SURGXFWLYR GH MXYHQLOHV GH SDFR 3LDUDFWXV EUDFK\SRPXV 7HVLV SDUD RSWDU HO 7tWXOR 3URIHVLRQDOGH,QJHQLHUR$JURLQGXVWULDO81$0$'3XHUWR0DOGRQDGR3HU~S 0RUD8USt-:HEHU-&&OHPHQW5&3HDFKSDOP%DFWULVJDVLSDHV.XQWK Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 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UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 78p. 6XiUH]-8WLOL]DFLyQGHODWRUWDGHFDVWDxDEUDVLOHUD%HUWKROOHWLDH[FHOVDHQOD alimentación de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum). Tesis para optar el Título Profesional de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 74p. 7HOOR63URJUDPD$48$5(&,QIRUPHGH*HVWLyQ,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDciones de la Amazonía Peruana – IIAP. Iquitos, Perú. 43p. 8GR,88PRUHQ8(1XWULWLRQDOHYDOXDWLRQRIVRPHORFDOO\DYDLODEOHLQJUHGLHQWV XVH IRU OHDVWFRVW UDWLRQ IRUPXODWLRQ IRU $IULFDQ FDWÀVK &ODULDV JDULHSLQXV LQ 1LJHULD$VLDQ-RXUQDORI$JULFXOWXUDO5HVHDUFK 180 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD EL SISTEMA ACUÍCOLA DE RECICLAJE INTEGRAL (SARI), UN CIRCUITO CERRADO QUE CONTIENE UN ECOSISTEMA COMPUESTO DE PECES Y PLANCTON Sylvain Gilles15RVD,VPLxR2&KULVWLDQ)HUQDQGH]15pPL'XJXp1)UDQۻRLV.HUYDUHF1, -HDQ)UDQۻRLV5HQQR1-HV~V1XxH]1 ,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW²,5'²)UDQFLD 2 Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana – IIAP – Perú. INTRODUCCIÓN Los circuitos cerrados van a tener una gran importancia en el desarrollo de la acuiculWXUDHQ$PD]RQtDFHQWUDOTXHQRWLHQHVXPLQLVWURGHDJXDFRQJUDYHGDGSRUIDOWDGHUHOLHYHORTXHSHUPLWHXQDKRUURLPSRUWDQWHGHHQHUJtDSRUERPEHRUHXVDQGRHODJXDGH FUtD&RQHOORVVHSXHGHFRORFDUXQDSURGXFFLyQDFXtFRODHQFXDOTXLHUVLWLRXWLOL]DQGR ODVFDSDVIUHiWLFDV\SHUPLWHQWDPELpQDLVODQGRODVJUDQMDVHYLWDULQWURGXFFLRQHVGH DJHQWHVSDWyJHQRVHQODVFUtDV\UHFtSURFDPHQWHFRQWDPLQDFLRQHVGHODELRGLYHUVLGDG JHQpWLFDGHOPHGLRQDWXUDO/RVFLUFXLWRVFHUUDGRVFOiVLFRVIXQFLRQDQHQDJXDFODUDFRQ ÀOWURVTXHVDFDQORVKHFHVGHOVLVWHPDItVLFRV\RWURVTXHWUDQVIRUPDQODRULQDDPRQLDFRHQQLWUDWRVTXHQRVRQWy[LFRVELROyJLFRV /D$FXLFXOWXUD0XOWL7UyÀFD,QWHJUDGD$07,HVXQDSUiFWLFDHQODTXHORVGHVHFKRV GH XQD HVSHFLH VRQ UHFLFODGRV SDUD FRQYHUWLUVH HQ DSRUWHV IHUWLOL]DQWHV DOLPHQWRV SDUD RWUD &KRSLQ ´0XOWLWUyÀFDµ VH UHÀHUH D OD LQFRUSRUDFLyQ GH HVSHFLHV GH GLIHUHQWHVQLYHOHVWUyÀFRVRQXWULFLRQDOHVHQHOPLVPRVLVWHPD6HSXHGHFRPELQDUHOH SULQFLSLRGHOFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRFRQOD$07,OLJDQGRYRO~PHQHVGHFUtDLQWHQVLYDFRQRWURV GHFUtDH[WHQVLYDTXHIXQFLRQDQFRPRXQLGDGHVGHGHSXUDFLyQGHODJXD6HSXHGHXVDU DJXDYHUGHFRQHOÀWRSODQFWRQHVWDEOHFLHQGRXQPXWXDOLVPRFRQORVSHFHVODVDOJDV GHSXUDQHODJXDGHODH[FUHFLyQGHORVSHFHV\OHVOOHYDQR[tJHQRFRQODIRWRVtQWHVLV ORVSHFHVGDQQXWULHQWHV\&2DOÀWRSODQFWRQ*LOOHVHWDO<DGHPiVHOXWLOL]DU SHFHV GHWULWtYRURV SHUPLWH PLQHUDOL]DU ODV DOJDV TXH PXHUHQ \ VH VHGLPHQWDQ \ DVt PDQWHQHUHO´EORRPµÀWRSODQFWyQLFR0F4XHHQHWDO'UHQQHUHWDO/D]]DUR1RUWKFRWH(OVHUHWDO3HURFXDQGRVHDxDGHDOLPHQWRHQHO VLVWHPDSDUDREWHQHUXQFUHFLPLHQWRGHORVSHFHVODGHQVLGDGÀWRSODQFWyQLFDDXPHQWD y tiene que ser regulada para evitar un hundimiento de la población de algas debido a ODDOWDFRQFHQWUDFLyQ5LPRQ\6KLOR Dos tipos representativos de esos circuitos cerrados en agua verde han sido desarroOODGRVXVDQGRGLVSRVLWLYRVSHULyGLFRVRSHUPDQHQWHVGHH[WUDFFLyQGHOÀWRSODQFWRQ(O 'HNHO$TXDFXOWXUH6\VWHPHQHOFXDOHODJXDGHFUtDHVHOLPLQDGDIXHUDGHOVLVWHPD DOÀQDOGHOFLFOR\WLHQHTXHVHUUHQRYDGDSDUDHOFLFORVLJXLHQWH0LUHVHWDO0LUHV\$PLW<HO3DUWLWLRQHG$TXDFXOWXUH6\VWHP3$6GRQGHHOÀWRSODQFWRQHV FRVHFKDGRFRQWLQXDPHQWHFRQXQÀOWURURWDWLYR'UDSFKR\%UXQH%UXQHHWDO DQG 1RVRWURVHQHOFHQWUR,5'GH0ERXUKHPRVGHVDUUROODGRHQWUHDXQVLVWHPD TXHQRQHFHVLWDH[WUDHUHOÀWRSODQFWRQFRQXQSULPHUSURWRWLSRXELFDGRHQ6HQHJDOD 181 RULOODVGHO$WOiQWLFR*LOOHVHWDOHQSUHQVD(OFXDOIXQFLRQDFRQXQFLUFXLWRFHUUDGR GH P DOEHUJDQGR XQ HFRVLVWHPD VLPSOH GRQGH HO ÀWRSODQFWRQ HV FRQVXPLGR SRU ]RRSODQFWRQ SRU OR TXH VX FUHFLPLHQWR HVWi FRQWURODGR (VWH FRQVXPR HV UHDOL]DGR en un volumen colocado en derivación del circuito principal compuesto de una parte LQWHQVLYDGRQGHORVSHFHVVRQDOLPHQWDGRVOLJDGDDXQDSDUWHH[WHQVLYDGRQGHORVSHFHVFRQVXPHQORVGHVHFKRV\FUHFHHOÀWRSODQFWRQ(OYROXPHQGHGLFDGRDOFXOWLYRGHO ]RRSODQFWRQRSHUDFRQUHOOHQRVGHDJXDYHUGH\YDFtRVVXFHVLYRVFRPRXQSXOPyQ(O zooplancton reintroducido en el circuito es consumido por los peces, sobre todo por los DOHYLQRV(VWHSURWRWLSRKDIXQFLRQDGRHQDJXDVDOREUHSSPFRQODWLODSLDHXULDlina Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii \WXYRFRORQL]DFLyQQDWXUDO\H[FOXVLYDGHO DOJD&KORUHOODVS1DQQRFKORULV\HOURWtIHURBrachionus plicatilis/DSURGXFWLYLGDGGHO SURWRWLSRHVGHWRQKDDxRFRQXQDWDVDGHFRQYHUVLyQGHODOLPHQWRGH1R VHKDQUHDOL]DGRUHFDPELRVGHDJXDVRORVHKDFRPSHQVDGRODHYDSRUDFLyQ6HJ~QOD concentración algal, el sedimento depositado en el volumen de producción zooplanctoQLFDHUDUHFKD]DGRGHOVLVWHPDVHDUHLQWURGXFLGRHQHOFLUFXLWRSULQFLSDO(UDOD~QLFD GHSHUGLFLyQGHPDWHULDRUJiQLFD (QODDFWXDOLGDGXQVHJXQGRSURWRWLSRGHHVWHVLVWHPDGHFUtDIXQFLRQDDKRUDHQHO FHQWURGHO,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3HQ,TXLWRV3HU~ (VXQFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRGHPGHYROXPHQWRWDOGHGLFDGRDODFUtDGHODUYDV\ODSURGXFFLyQGHMXYHQLOHVGHODGRQFHOODPseudoplatystoma punctifer (fasciatum), o de otras HVSHFLHVGHEDJUH(OREMHWLYRFRQVXXVRHVSURSRQHUXQFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRHQDJXDYHUGHGHWDPDxRGHFUtDFRPSDUDEOHDOTXH\DIXQFLRQDHQODHVWDFLyQGHO,,$3SURJUDPD $TXDUHFHQDJXDFODUD$VtVHSRGUiWHQHUXQDFRPSDUDFLyQPX\LQVWUXFWLYDHQWUHORV IXQFLRQDPLHQWRVGHORVGRVWLSRVGHFLUFXLWRFHUUDGR)LJXUD Figura 1. 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3I²3L7GRQGH3ISHVRÀQDO3LSHVRLQLFLDO 7GXUDFLyQGHOSHUtRGRHQGtDV RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN 'XUDQWHORVWUHVHQVD\RVQRRFXUULyQLQJ~QUHFDPELRGHDJXDQLHOLPLQDFLyQGHODPDWHULDRUJiQLFDHOUHFLFODMHIXHWRWDO/RVSDUiPHWURVItVLFRTXtPLFRVVHSUHVHQWDQHQOD 7DEOD 7DEOD3DUiPHWURVItVLFRTXtPLFRVSUHVHQWDGRVHQUXWLQDHQODPDxDQD\WDUGH1$7 QLWUyJHQRDPRQLDFDOWRWDO (OÀWRSODQFWRQQDWXUDOPHQWHVHPEUDGRTXHUiSLGDPHQWHGRPLQyHOPHGLRGHPDQHUD FDVLH[FOXVLYDSHUWHQHFHDOJpQHURGolenkiniaHOLPLQDQGRRWUDVDOJDVGHORVJpQHURV Scenedesnus y ChlorellaFRQXQDFRQFHQWUDFLyQTXHYDULyGH[D[Fp184 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD OXODVPO(VWDYDULDFLyQLPSRUWDQWHQXQFDKDDIHFWDGRORVSDUiPHWURVItVLFRV\TXtPLFRV QLODSURGXFFLyQGHR[tJHQR (O]RRSODQFWRQTXHVHDGDSWyDODSUHVHQFLDGH*ROHQNLQLDSHUWHQHFHDORV&ODGyFHURV 0RKtQDVS\WDPELpQDODIDPLOLDGHORVFRSpSRGRV/DFRQFHQWUDFLyQ]RRSODQFWyQLFD HQORVWDQTXHV=IXHLQHVWDEOH\QRLQWHUYLQRUHDOPHQWHHQODUHJXODFLyQGHOÀWRSODQFWRQ (VWDUHJXODFLyQIXHUHDOL]DGDSRUSHFHVGHWULWtYRURVTXHFRPLHURQODWRWDOLGDGGHODV algas que sedimentaron, estos peces han crecido y se han reproducido en los tanques GHGHSXUDFLyQ7DPELpQORVJXSSLVVHKDQUHSURGXFLGRIiFLOPHQWH/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHOD FUtDVHSXHGHQOHHUHQOD7DEOD 7DEOD5HVXOWDGRVGHOSURFHVRGHFUtDSDUDORVWUHVHQVD\RVUHDOL]DGRV ¢3RUTXpRFXUULyHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRFDVLH[FOXVLYRGHODVDOJDV*ROHQNLQLDV"(VDVDOJDVFRQHVSLQDVQRVRQFRQVXPLGDVSRUORVURWtIHURV7ULFKRFHUFDVS\WDPELpQSRU ]RRSODQFWRQ PiV SHTXHxR /RV FRSpSRGRV \ ORV FODGyFHURV FRPHQ ODV *ROHQNLQLDV pero parece ser que esas algas no permiten el establecimiento permanente de este ]RRSODQFWRQ(OQLYHOGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQHQ*ROHQNLQLDVHPDQWXYRFRQVWDQWHVLQODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHO]RRSODQFWRQ 3DUHFHPiVGLItFLOHVWDEOHFHUChlorellaHQDJXDGXOFHTXHHQDJXDVDOREUH3RUORTXHD IXWXURVHYDDLQWHQWDUPDQWHQHUHVWHWLSRGHDOJDVFRPRVHWUDEDMyHQ6HQHJDOTXH VRQPiVSHTXHxDV\GHPHMRUGHVHPSHxR\QRWLHQHQHVSLQDV&RQHOPDQHMRGHHVWD DOJDHOREMHWLYRHVFRQWDUFRQURWtIHURVTXHHVHO]RRSODQFWRQTXHVHGHVDUUROODPX\ UiSLGDPHQWH\TXHOXHJRVHUiFRPLGRSRUODVODUYDV\DOHYLQRVGH3SXQFWLIHU 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Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. What it is, and why you should FDUH«DQGGRQ·WFRQIXVHLWZLWKSRO\FXOWXUH1RUWKHUQ$TXDFXOWXUH9RO1R-XO\ August 2006, pg. 4. 'UDSFKR&0DQG%UXQH'(7KH3DUWLWLRQHG$TXDFXOWXUH6\VWHP,PSDFWRIGHVLJQ DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO SDUDPHWHUV RQ DOJDO SURGXFWLYLW\ DQG SKRWRV\QWKHWLF R[\JHQ production. Aquacultural Engineering 21, 151–168. 'UHQQHU 5: +DPEULJKW .' 9LQ\DUG */ *RSKHQ 0 DQG 3ROOLQJKHU 8 ([SHULPHQWDOVWXG\RIVL]HVHOHFWLYHSK\WRSODQNWRQJUD]LQJE\DÀOWHUIHHGLQJFLFKOLGDQGWKH FLFKOLG·V HIIHFWV RQ SODQNWRQ FRPPXQLW\ VWUXFWXUH /LPQRORJ\ DQG 2FHDQRJUDSK\ 1138-1144. Elser JJ, Marzolf E and Goldman CR 1990. The roles of phosphorus and nitrogen in OLPLWLQJ SK\WRSODQNWRQ JURZWK LQ IUHVKZDWHUV D UHYLHZ RI H[SHULPHQWDO HQULFKPHQWV &DQDGLDQ-RXUQDORI)LVKHULHVDQG$TXDWLF6FLHQFHV *LOOHV6/DFURL[*&RUELQ'%k1,EDxH]/XQD&1DQGMXL-2XDWWDUD$2XpGUDRJR O and Lazzaro X 2008. Mutualism between euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii and Chlorella sp. – implications for nano-algal production in warm water phytoplankton-based recirculating systems. Aquacultural Engineering 39, 113-121. /D]]DUR;$UHYLHZRISODQNWLYRURXVÀVKHVWKHLUHYROXWLRQIHHGLQJEHKDYLRXUV selectivities, and impacts. Hydrobiologia 146, 97-167. 0LUHV'$PLW<$YQLPHOHFK<DQG'LDE6&RFKDED0:DWHUTXDOLW\LQDUHF\FOHG LQWHQVLYHÀVKFXOWXUHV\VWHPXQGHUÀHOGFRQGLWLRQV%DPLGJHK 0LUHV ' DQG $PLW < ,QWHQVLYH FXOWXUH RI WLODSLD LQ TXDVLFORVHG ZDWHUF\FOHG ÁRZWKURXJKSRQGV²WKH'HNHO$TXDFXOWXUHV\VWHP%DPLGJHK 1RUWKFRWH7*)LVKLQWKHVWUXFWXUHDQGIXQFWLRQRIIUHVKZDWHUHFRV\VWHPV$´WRS GRZQµYLHZ&DQDGLDQ-RXUQDORI)LVKHULHVDQG$TXDWLF6FLHQFHV 5LPRQ$DQG6KLOR0)DFWRUVZKLFKDIIHFWWKHLQWHQVLÀFDWLRQRIÀVKEUHHGLQJLQ Israel. 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Figura 2.0RGHORGHFUHFLPLHQWROtQHDSXQWHDGDHQSHVRJGHP. puntifer en sistema FHUUDGRGHUHFLUFXODFLyQGHDJXD/DFXUYDQHJUDSUHVHQWDHOSURPHGLRGHSHVRGHORV SHFHVGHWHUPLQDGRFDGDGtDVPDUFDGRUHVFLUFXODUHV CONCLUSIONES 6HKDGHPRVWUDGRODSRVLELOLGDGGHFXOWLYDUDOHYLQHV\MXYHQLOHVGHGRQFHOODDGDSWDGRV DGLHWDVEDODQFHDGDVHQFLUFXLWRVFRQUHFLUFXODFLyQGHDJXDFRQWURODQGRGHPHMRUPDQHUDHOHVWDGR\FRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHORVSHFHV\ORJUDQGRHFRQRPL]DUHOUHFXUVRDJXD 3RURWURODGRHVQHFHVDULRGHÀQLUXQVLVWHPDGHSURGXFFLyQDJUDQHVFDODTXHSHUPLWD XQPHMRUPDQHMR\FRQWUROGHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSHFHVDVtFRPRGHWHUPLQDUODVYDULDEOHV económicas de la producción de alevines y de engorde en altas densidades en estas FRQGLFLRQHV REFERENCIAS %DUEDULQR$:LQHPLOOHU.2'LHWDU\VHJUHJDWLRQDPRQJODUJHFDWÀVKHVRIWKH $SXUHDQG$UDXFD5LYHUV9HQH]XHOD-RXUQDORI)LVK%LRORJ\ 'tD]2ODUWH-&UX]10DUFLDOHV/0HGLQD9&UX]3(IHFWRVGHODGHQsidad de siembra y disponibilidad de alimento sobre el desarrollo y sobrevivencia de ODUYDVGH3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP2ULQRTXLD Guerrero, C. E. 2003. Treinamento alimentar de pintado Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Agassiz. obre i cia crescime to e aspectos eco micos. Tesis de Maestría, Centro de Aquicultura Jaboticabal Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil. Unillanos, Villavicencio, Meta. pp 65-67. *RXOGLQJ06PLWK1-+0DKDU'-)ORRGVRIIRUWXQH(FRORJ\DQG(FRnomy along the Amazon. Columbia University Press, Nueva York. Nacional de Colombia. 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Aquaculture ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD 1XxH]-'XJXp5&RUFX\1'XSRQFKHOOH)5HQQR-)5D\QDXG7+XEHUW1 /HJHQGUH0,QGXFHGEUHHGLQJDQGODUYDOUHDULQJRI6XUXEt3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP/LQQDHXVIURPWKH%ROLYLDQ$PD]RQ$TXDFXOWXUH5HVHDUFK 764-776. 1XxH]-'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHQRXYHOOHVHVSqFHVG·LQWpUrWSLVFLFROHHQ$PD]RQLH &DK$JULFYROPDUVMXLQ 3DGLOOD3$OFiQWDUD),VPLxR55HSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDGHODGRQFHOOD3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP\GHVDUUROORHPEULRQDULR²ODUYDO)ROLD$PD]yQLFD 154 4LQ-)DVW$:6L]HDQGIHHGGHSHQGHQWFDQQLEDOLVPZLWKMXYHQLOHVQDNHKHDG &KDQQDVWULDWXV$TXDFXOWXUH 5RGUtJXH]&$%DJUHVPDOOHURV\FXHUGHURVHQHOEDMRUtRFDTXHWi$PD]RQtD FRORPELDQD&RPHUFLDOÀVKHULHVLQWKHORZHUFDTXHWiULYHU(VWXGLRVGHOD$PD]RQtD colombiana. 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Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences 26(3) 299-302 CULTIVO COMERCIAL DE ARAWANA (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) EN EL PIEDEMONTE AMAZONICO Eric Giovanny Argumedo Trilleras1 $FXLFXOWRU3URIHVLRQDO$&8,&$1(23(=HJDW#KRWPDLOFRP)ORUHQFLD&RORPELD INTRODUCCION /DDFXLFXOWXUDDPD]yQLFDUHTXLHUHGHSURFHVRVGHGLYHUVLÀFDFLyQTXHSHUPLWDQPHMRUDUORVtQGLFHVGHFRPSHWLWLYLGDG\UHQWDELOLGDGLQYROXFUDQGRHVSHFLHVQDWLYDVGHDOWR valor comercial en el mercado nacional e internacional de peces ornamentales y de FRQVXPR'HQWURGHHVWDFDWHJRUtDODDUDZDQDSODWHDGDOsteoglossum bicirrhosum) FRQVWLWX\HXQLPSRUWDQWHUHFXUVRtFWLFRH[SRUWDGRFRPRSH]RUQDPHQWDOVLQHPEDUJR HODSURYHFKDPLHQWRDFWXDOVHEDVDHQSURFHVRVH[WUDFWLYRVLUUDFLRQDOHVTXHKDQGHteriorado seriamente las poblaciones naturales, hasta el punto de considerarse como HVSHFLHYXOQHUDEOH Como alternativa de aprovechamiento sostenible de la arawana plateada, se han deVDUUROODGR PHWRGRORJtDV YLDEOHV GH FUtD FRPHUFLDO HQ FDXWLYHULR ODV FXDOHV KDQ VLGR OLGHUDGDVHQ&RORPELDSRUOD$VRFLDFLyQGH$FXLFXOWRUHVGHO&DTXHWi$&8,&$(VWDV PHWRGRORJtDV GH SURGXFFLyQ FRPHUFLDO GH ODUYDV GH DUDZDQD HQ FDXWLYHULR HVWiQ HQ SURFHVRGHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ\DMXVWHHQQXPHURVDVJUDQMDVDFXtFRODVGHOGHSDUWDPHQWR GHO&DTXHWiFRQORFXDOVHHVSHUDLQFRUSRUDUHVWDHVSHFLHDODDFXLFXOWXUDRUQDPHQWDO GHSDtVEXVFDQGRFRQHOORODJHQHUDFLyQGHHPSOHRUXUDO\GLYLVDVSDUDUHJLRQHVPDUJLQDOHVFRQDOWRVtQGLFHVGHQHFHVLGDGHVEiVLFDVLQVDWLVIHFKDV (OSUHVHQWHDUWtFXORSUHWHQGHGHVFULELUODPHWRGRORJtDGHVDUUROODGDSRU$&8,&$\ORV UHWRVTXHD~QH[LVWHQSDUDFRQVROLGDUODSURGXFFLyQFRPHUFLDOGHODUYDVGHDUDZDQD FRPRXQDDOWHUQDWLYDVRFLRHFRQyPLFDSDUDHOSLHGHPRQWHDPD]yQLFR ANTECEDENTES Los cuerpos de agua de la Amazonia colombiana constituyen una de las regiones con PD\RUGLYHUVLGDGtFWLFDDQLYHOPXQGLDOVLQHPEDUJRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGRVPLOHVSHFLHVLGHQWLÀFDGDVODSUHVLyQSHVTXHUDVHFHQWUDHQXQOLPLWDGRJUXSRGHSHFHVGH alta demanda en los mercados regionales, nacionales e internacionales de peces de FRQVXPR\RUQDPHQWDOHV 352(;3257WLHQHLGHQWLÀFDGDVFHUFDGHHVSHFLHVtFWLFDVTXHVHH[SRUWDQGHVGH &RORPELDFRPRSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGHpVWDVVRQFDSWXUDGDVHQOD2ULQRTXLD\ SRFRPHQRVGHSURYLHQHQGHOD$PD]RQLD/DSHVFDDUWHVDQDOGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVFRQVWLWX\HXQDDFWLYLGDGH[WUDFWLYDGHODFXDOGHSHQGHXQJUDQQ~PHURGHSHVFDGRUHVGHOD$PD]RQLD\OD2ULQRTXLDFRORPELDQD (QPiVGHWUHVGpFDGDVODSHVFDDUWHVDQDOFRPHUFLDOGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVVHKD consolidado en una alternativa de empleo rural y en uno de los renglones del sector SHVTXHURFRQWLQHQWDOPiVGLQiPLFRVGHELGRDODJUDQGHPDQGDLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHSHFHV ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD WURSLFDOHVTXHDQXDOPHQWHPXHYHPiVGHPLOORQHVGHGyODUHVDQLYHOPXQGLDO 2$7$:RUOG:LGH1HZVOHWWHU1-XOLRVLQHPEDUJRORVVLVWHPDVH[WUDFWLYRV SDUDHODSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHHVWRVUHFXUVRVQRVRQVRVWHQLEOHVDPHGLDQR\ODUJRSOD]R 'RFXPHQWRVFLHQWtÀFRVFRPRHOOLEURURMRGHODVHVSHFLHVtFWLFDVFRORPELDQDV\RWUDV SXEOLFDFLRQHVWpFQLFDVHPSLH]DQDHYDOXDUHOLPSDFWRQHJDWLYRGHODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQ GHODVSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV\GHFRQVXPRHQHOSDtVREYLDPHQWHORVUHVXOWDGRVVRQDODUPDQWHV\H[LJHQFDPELRVHQORVVLVWHPDVGHH[SORWDFLyQ Dentro del grupo de peces con mayor amenaza se encuentran los tres representanWHV VXUDPHULFDQRV GH OD IDPLOLD 2VWHRJORVVLGDH (O 3LUDUXF~ Arapaima gigas), y las DUDZDQDV3ODWHDGDOsteoglossum bicirrhosum) y azul (O. ferreirae(VWDVGRV~OWLPDV HVSHFLHVVHVLJXHQH[SRUWDQGRD~QFXDQGRORVHVWXGLRVODVXELFDQHQODFDWHJRUtDGH (Q3HOLJURO. ferreirae\9XOQHUDEOHO. bicirrhosum &RPRUHVSXHVWDDHVWDSUREOHPiWLFDDPELHQWDO\VRFLRHFRQyPLFD$&8,&$\VXVVRFLRVLQLFLDURQDFWLYLGDGHVWHQGLHQWHVDOGLVHxRGHPHWRGRORJtDVGHSURGXFFLyQFRPHUcial de larvas de arawana, la cual ha pasado por las siguientes etapas cronológicas: OOHJDGDSULPHUDVODUYDVGHDUDZDQDDO&DTXHWi SULPHUDVUHSURGXFFLRQHVUHSRUWDGDVHQHVWDQTXHV SUR\HFWR$UDZDQD)DVH, SUR\HFWRSLORWRGHYDOLGDFLyQ&RUSRDPD]RQLD,1&2'(5 3UR\HFWRDUDZDQD)DVH,,)RPHQWRSLORWR LQLFLRSURGXFFLyQFRPHUFLDOHQÀQFDVGHVRFLRVG$&8,&$ 6HDYDQ]yHQORVVLJXLHQWHVDVSHFWRV $FWXDOPHQWHPHQRVGHOGHODVH[SRUWDFLRQHVPXQGLDOHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV FRUUHVSRQGHQDSHFHVFDSWXUDGRVHQHOPHGLRVLOYHVWUHORFXDOLQGLFDTXHODVSRWHQcias mundiales han tenido que orientar sus cadenas de piscicultura ornamental hacia PRGHORVVXVWHQWDEOHVEDVDGRVHQHOGHVDUUROORFRQVWDQWHGHWHFQRORJtDVGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\PHMRUDPLHQWRGHODVSULQFLSDOHVHVSHFLHVTXHKDFHQSDUWHGHODVH[SRUWDFLRQHV JOREDOHVODSURSXHVWDGH$&8,&$VHDMXVWDDHVWDVWHQGHQFLDVJOREDOHV\SUHWHQGHD ODUJRSOD]RJDUDQWL]DUODFRQWLQXLGDGGHODH[SRUWDFLyQGHHVWDHVSHFLHEDMRSDUiPHWURV VRVWHQLEOHV PRODUCCION COMERCIAL DE LARVAS DE ARAWANA /HYDQWH GH UHSURGXFWRUHV Consiste en el proceso de crecimiento y adaptación a GLHWDVVHFDVGHVGHODHWDSDGHODUYDKDVWDREWHQHUHMHPSODUHVVH[XDOPHQWHPDGXURV /DVHWDSDVLQLFLDOHVGHOOHYDQWHGHSLHGHFUtDVHGHVDUUROODQHQDFXDULRVGRWDGRVGH VLVWHPDVGHÀOWUDFLyQ\FDOHIDFFLyQ(OREMHWLYRGHHVWHSURFHGLPLHQWRHVODDGDSWDFLyQ GHODVODUYDVGHDUDZDQDDGLHWDVVHFDVOOHYiQGRORVKDVWDTXHDOFDQ]DQDFP SDUDOXHJRVHUWUDVODGDGRVDHVWDQTXHVHQWLHUUD 3DUDHOSURFHVRGHOHYDQWHGHORVMXYHQLOHVORVHVWDQTXHVHQWLHUUDVRQSURWHJLGRVFRQ PDOODV DQWLSiMDUR D SDUWLU GHHVWH PRPHQWR HO SURFHVR GH FRQIRUPDFLyQ GH ORWHV GH reproductores de arawana plateada puede tardar entre 24 y 30 meses de acuerdo a las FRQGLFLRQHVGHPDQHMRWpFQLFR (QHOSURFHVRGHOHYDQWHGHSLHGHFUtDORVQLYHOHVGHPRUWDOLGDGSDUD2ELFLUUKRVXP VRQ EDMRV GHELGR D VX IiFLO DGDSWDFLyQ D GLHWDV VHFDV \ D VX FDUiFWHU VRFLDEOH VLQ embargo si los peces se trasladan a estanques en tierra en tallas menores a 20cm, se SXHGHQYHUDIHFWDGRVSRUORVEDMRVQLYHOHVGHWHPSHUDWXUD $GHFXDFLyQ HVWDQTXHV 3DUD ORJUDU OD SURGXFFLyQ FRPHUFLDO GH ODUYDV GH DUDZDQD HVQHFHVDULRDGHFXDURFRQVWUXLUHVWDQTXHVTXHIDFLOLWHQODREVHUYDFLyQGHORVUHSURductores, lo cual constituye la clave para la detección de reproductores en estado de LQFXEDFLyQRUDO3RUWDOPRWLYRHOiUHDGHOHVWDQTXHRODXQLGDGGHSURGXFFLyQQRGHEH VHUPD\RUDP &XDQGRORVHMHPSODUHVDOFDQ]DQHQWUH\FPGHORQJLWXGWRWDOVHUHSDUWHQDOD]DU HQODVGLIHUHQWHVXQLGDGHVGHSURGXFFLyQHQJUXSRVHQWUH\LQGLYLGXRV (ODQFKRGHFDGDHVWDQTXHRXQLGDGGHSURGXFFLyQQRGHEHVHUPD\RUDPHWURV SDUDIDFLOLWDUODREVHUYDFLyQGLDULD\ODFDSWXUDPHQVXDOGHODWRWDOLGDGGHORVUHSURGXFWRUHVSDUDH[WUDHUODVODUYDVHQHVWDGRVGHGHVDUUROORDYDQ]DGR /RVHVWDQTXHVGHUHSURGXFWRUHVGHDUDZDQDGHEHQWHQHUSURIXQGLGDGPi[LPDGHP \PtQLPDVGHFPFRQVXHORVÀUPHVTXHIDFLOLWHQHOSURFHVRGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\GH REWHQFLyQSHULyGLFDGHODVODUYDV (Q]RQDVFRQDOWDSUHVHQFLDGHiJXLODVSHVFDGRUDVHVQHFHVDULRLQVWDODUVLVWHPDVDQWLSiMDUR\DVHDPHGLDQWHPDOODVSOiVWLFDVRDWUDYpVGHFXHUGDVWHQVDGDVVREUHDODPEUH GHS~DTXHGHEHQTXHGDULQVWDODGDVDXQDDOWXUDHQWUH\PVREUHHOQLYHOGH DJXDGHOHVWDQTXHFRQHOÀQGHSHUPLWLUHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSURFHVRVGHSHVFD 0DQHMRGHUHSURGXFWRUHVGHDUDZDQD8QRGHORVDVSHFWRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHQHOPDQHMRGHUHSURGXFWRUHVGHDUDZDQDSODWHDGDHVPDQWHQHUHOFRQVXPRGHFRQFHQWUDGR DOSURWHtQDGHRULJHQDQLPDOFRPRIXHQWHSULQFLSDOGHDOLPHQWR6HVXPLQLVWUD DOLPHQWRGLDULDPHQWHHQXQDSURSRUFLyQGHOGHODELRPDVDGLYLGLGDHQGRVUDFLR ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD QHV2WUDRSFLyQSDUDPHMRUDUODQXWULFLyQGHHVWRVSHFHVFRQVLVWHHQXWLOL]DUOXFHVQRFturnas a una distancia entre 30 y 40cm por encima del nivel de agua de las unidades de producción, lo cual atrae insectos nocturnos que proveen de un suplemento alimenticio H[FHSFLRQDODODVDUDZDQDV /DVXQLGDGHVGHSURGXFFLyQGHODUYDVGHDUDZDQDVHFRQIRUPDQFRORFDQGRDOD]DUHQWUH\LQGLYLGXRVDGXOWRVHQFDGDHVWDQTXHRGLYLVLyQGHPDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH ORFXDOVLJQLÀFDXQDGHQVLGDGGHPDQHMRHQWUH\PSRUUHSURGXFWRU 8QRGHORVDVSHFWRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDORJUDUODSURGXFFLyQFRPHUFLDOGHDUDZDQDV FRQVLVWHHQODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQWHPSUDQDGHORVPDFKRVLQFXEDQWHV(VWRVLQGLYLGXRVVH DtVODQGHOJUXSR\PDQWLHQHQQDGDQGRHQODVXSHUÀFLHFRQODERFDHQWUHDELHUWDH[KLELHQGRXQDQRWRULDH[SDQVLyQGHORVSOLHJXHVEXFDOHV /DV DUDZDQDV UHVXOWDQ PX\ VRFLDEOHV HQWUH Vt VLQ HPEDUJR FXDQGR VH DFHUFD \ HQ la temporada de reproducción, el comportamiento cambia notoriamente y se aprecia ODFRQIRUPDFLyQGHSDUHMDVTXHVHDtVODQGHOJUXSRPDQWHQLpQGRVHHQXQVHFWRUGHO HVWDQTXHHQHOFXDOVHOHVREVHUYDQDGDQGRHQFtUFXORV'XUDQWHHOFRUWHMRODVSDUHMDV VHYXHOYHQWHUULWRULDOLWDV\SURWHJHQiYLGDPHQWHHOVHFWRUGHOHVWDQTXHHVFRJLGRSDUD HOGHVRYHFRQIUHFXHQFLDVHREVHUYDFRPRH[SXOVDQDRWURVLQGLYLGXRVTXHLQYDGHQ VXWHUULWRULR 8QD YH] LGHQWLÀFDGRV ORV PDFKRV LQFXEDQWHV VH GHMDQ WUDQVFXUULU GtDV SDUD SURFHGHUDODFDSWXUDGHOHMHPSODUFRQHOÀQGHH[WUDHU\GHWHUPLQDUHOQ~PHURGHODUYDV LQFXEDGDV/DH[WUDFFLyQGHODVODUYDVGHEHUHDOL]DUVHHQKRUDVGHODPDxDQDFXDQGR ODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODJXDHVWpHQVXVQLYHOHVPtQLPRVFRQHOREMHWLYRGHPLQLPL]DUHO HVWUpVHQORVUHSURGXFWRUHV\HYLWDUTXHORVPDFKRVLQFXEDQWHVH[SXOVHQHPEULRQHV LQPDGXURV 3DUDLGHQWLÀFDUORVPDFKRVLQFXEDQWHVVHSURFHVHDSDOSDUODSDSDGDGHWRGRVORVUHSURGXFWRUHVFDSWXUDGRVSDUDHQFRQWUDUDTXHOORVFRQXQDJUDQGLODWDFLyQ8QDYH]HQFRQWUDGRVHVWRVHMHPSODUHVVHVXMHWDQÀUPHPHQWH\VHDEUHFXLGDGRVDPHQWHODERFD SDUDREVHUYDUVLVHWUDWDGHODUYDVOLVWDVSDUDH[WUDHUODUYDVQDGDGRUDVRVLVHWUDWDGH HPEULRQHVRODUYDVLQPDGXUDV/DUYDVQRQDGDGRUDV6LVHWUDWDGHODUYDVGHVDUUROODGDVVHSURFHGHDVXMHWDUÀUPHPHQWHODPDQGtEXODGHOSH]SDUDDEULUODERFD\H[WUDHU ODVODUYDVTXHVRQUHFRJLGDVHQXQDQDVDGHWHODÀQDRHQXQUHFLSLHQWHSOiVWLFR 8QDYH]H[WUDtGDVODVODUYDVVHSURFHGHDVXFRQWHR\WUDVODGRDDFXDULRVRDHPSDFDUODVSDUDVHUGHVSDFKDGDVDORVFRPHUFLDOL]DGRUHV La revisión de los lotes de reproductores debe ser mensual para garantizar la cosecha de la totalidad de la producción de larvas, si estos lapsos de tiempo son superiores a GtDVVHSXHGHSHUGHUXQDSDUWHVLJQLÀFDWLYDGHODSURGXFFLyQGHELGRDTXH ORVPDFKRVLQFXEDQWHVOLEHUDQODVFUtDVHQHOHVWDQTXH\HVWDVVRQGHSUHGDGDVSRUORV GHPiVUHSURGXFWRUHV 7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHODPHWRGRORJtDGHSURGXFFLyQGHDUDZDQDVGHVDUUROODGDSRU $&8,&$HVWiHQVXVIDVHVLQLFLDOHVGHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQDHVFDODFRPHUFLDOD~QTXHGDQ PXFKRVDVSHFWRVSRUPHMRUDUGHQWURGHORVFXDOHVKD\TXHSUHVWDUHVSHFLDODWHQFLyQ a los siguientes: 'HQVLGDGHVGHVLHPEUD3DUDKDFHUPiVUHQWDEOHODSURGXFFLyQGHDUDZDQDVHHVWiQ UHDOL]DQGRHQVD\RVGHPDQHMRGHUHSURGXFWRUHVDGHQVLGDGHVPD\RUHVDODVFLWDGDV FRQORFXDOVHHVSHUDPHMRUDUODSURGXFWLYLGDG\HÀFLHQFLDGHODVWpFQLFDVGHSURGXFFLyQGHODUYDVGHHVWDHVSHFLH 1XWULFLyQ Aunque los alimentos comerciales de pescado cuyo contenido proteico proYLHQH HQ DOWR SRUFHQWDMH GH KDULQDV GH SHVFDGR KDQ IXQFLRQDGR ELHQ HQ HO DVSHFWR reproductivo, se espera aumentar los promedios de producción de larvas mediante HOVXPLQLVWURRDWUDFFLyQGHLQVHFWRVQRFWXUQRV\RODXWLOL]DFLyQSHULyGLFDGHYtVFHUDV GHSHVFDGR\SROORVLQHPEDUJRSDUDORJUDUHYDOXDUORVHIHFWRVGHHVWDVIXHQWHVGH DOLPHQWRDGLFLRQDOHVHVQHFHVDULRUHDOL]DUHQVD\RVH[SHULPHQWDOHVTXHGHWHUPLQHQVL SXHGHQFRQVWLWXLUXQDDOWHUQDWLYDYLDEOHSDUDPHMRUDUODSURGXFWLYLGDG\UHGXFLUFRVWRV GHSURGXFFLyQ ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD 0HMRUDPLHQWRIHQRWtSLFR partiendo de la necesidad de continuar siendo competitivos HQORVH[LJHQWHV\FDPELDQWHVPHUFDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVHV QHFHVDULRLQLFLDUSURFHVRVGHVHOHFFLyQIHQRWtSLFDGHORVLQGLYLGXRVFRQHOREMHWLYRGH ubicar caracteres deseables y concentrarlos separadamente en las unidades de proGXFFLyQEXVFDQGRFRQHOORXQDPHMRUD\ÀMDFLyQGHHVWRVHQODVIXWXUDVJHQHUDFLRQHV Aunque es un largo proceso, a mediano y largo plazo, se pueden obtener variedades GHJUDQSUHFLRHQHOPHUFDGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOVLQHPEDUJRVLVHWUDWDGHDJLOL]DUHVWHWLSR de procesos de creación de nuevas variedades, se puede recurrir a la obtención de individuos con mutaciones (albinismo y otras mutaciones de pigmentación poco comunes) capturados en el medio natural, con lo cual se pueden replicar estas mutaciones (De alto valor comercial) y agilizar el proceso de creación de otras variedades con caUDFWHUHVGHSLJPHQWDFLyQTXHORJUHQDOWRSUHFLR\GHPDQGDHQVHFWRUHVH[FOXVLYRVGH DFXDULyÀORVDQLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDO PISCICULTURA AMAZÓNICA CON Colossoma macropomum y Piaractus brachypomus: DOS ALTERNATIVAS SENCILLAS PARA CULTIVO Ricardo González Alarcón1 6HFUHWDUtD GH 0HGLR$PELHQWH \ 'HVDUUROOR 3URGXFWLYR$OFDOGtD GH /HWLFLD JRQ]DOH]BU#KRWPDLOFRP INTRODUCCIÓN 3DUDTXHODSLVFLFXOWXUDVHGHVDUUROOHGHIRUPDÀUPH\DPSOLDGHEHJHQHUDUELHQHVWDU a todos los integrantes de la cadena productiva, cumpliendo con los principios de susWHQWDELOLGDGVRFLDODPELHQWDO\HFRQyPLFD(QOD$PD]RQLDFRORPELDQD\HQJHQHUDO para toda la Cuenca se cuenta con dos especies que cumplen grandemente con esos SULQFLSLRVDOWHQHUGHVDUUROODGRVORVSDTXHWHVWpFQLFRHFRQyPLFRVEiVLFRVTXHYLDELOLzan su cultivo y contar con otros avances en conocimiento que permiten su cultivo todo HODxR6HWUDWDGHColossoma macropomum&DFKDPDQHJUD*DPLWDQD7DPEDTXt\ Piaractus brachypomus&DFKDPD3DFR3LUDSLWLQJD (VWDVGRVHVSHFLHVVRQRULJLQDULDVGHODVFXHQFDVGHORVUtRV2ULQRFR\$PD]RQDV\ se encuentran tanto en aguas negras como en aguas blancas, con temperaturas entre &\&6RQRPQtYRUDVFRQWHQGHQFLDDIUXJtYRUDV\EXHQDVFRQVXPLGRUDVGH VHPLOODVDOFDQ]DQGRFP\.JP. brachypomus\FP\.JC. macropomum(QODQDWXUDOH]DORVPDFKRVDOFDQ]DQODDGXOWH]HQHOHUDxR\ODVKHPEUDV HQHOWRDxRVXPDGXUDFLyQ\RYXODFLyQVHVLQFURQL]DFRQODWHPSRUDGDGHOOXYLDV\ HQFRQVHFXHQFLDFRQHOQLYHOFUHFLHQWHGHODVDJXDVHQORVUtRVUHDOL]DQGRPLJUDFLyQ UHSURGXFWLYDHQHVDpSRFD1RUPDOPHQWHVRORGHVRYDQXQDYH]SRUDxR /DDPSOLDGLIXVLyQFRPRSHFHVGHFXOWLYRVHEDVDHQORVEDMRVUHTXHULPLHQWRVWpFQLFRV TXHH[LJHQODIDFLOLGDGGHPDQHMRHOEXHQFUHFLPLHQWRVXUHVLVWHQFLDDHQIHUPHGDGHV \VXDFHSWDFLyQHQORVPHUFDGRV+D\UHJLVWURGHHVWDVHVSHFLHVHQ%UDVLOWRQ %ROLYLDWRQ9HQH]XHODWRQ3HU~WRQ(FXDGRU\&RORPELD WRQIXHUDGHVXVFXHQFDVQDWXUDOHVKD\UHSRUWHVGHFXOWLYRVHQ3DQDPi&RVWD5LFD +RQGXUDV*XDWHPDOD$IULFD\&KLQDWRQ REPRODUCCIÓN En instalaciones dedicadas a la producción de alevinos, las hembras se seleccionan GHDFXHUGRDORVFDUDFWHUHVH[WHUQRVGHFRORUDFLyQDEGRPHQKLQFKDGR\DQiOLVLVGH ORVKXHYRVPHGLDQWHDFODUDFLyQGHXQDPXHVWUDFRQOtTXLGRGH6HUUD\ORVPDFKRVSRU ODSUHVHQFLDGHVHPHQ3DUDUHDOL]DUODLQGXFFLyQVHXWLOL]DSULQFLSDOPHQWHH[WUDFWRGH KLSyÀVLV GH FDUSD (3& DSOLFDGR LQWUDPXVFXODUPHQWH SDUD KHPEUDV GRV GRVLV 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FDGDXQRGHORVVH[RV\PHGLDQWHXQSURWRFRORGHPDQHMRVHORJUDQPDQWHQHULQGLYLGXRVPDGXURVGXUDQWHWRGRHODxR/RVUHSURGXFWRUHVGHEHQVHULGHQWLÀFDGRVLQGLYLGXDOPHQWH PHGLDQWH PDUFDV FRQ UHJLVWURV \ FRQWUROHV SHULyGLFRV GHEHQ VHU PDQWHQLGRVDEDMDVGHQVLGDGHV.JPFRQSHVFDV\PDQLSXODFLRQHVDGHFXDGDV estar organizados por lotes de acuerdo a su estado de desarrollo gonadal (maduros, GHVRYDGRV\HQPDGXUDFLyQ\UHDOL]DUPDQHMRGHVXDOLPHQWDFLyQ\GHODJXDGHORV HVWDQTXHV 'XUDQWHODWHPSRUDGDGHVHTXtDHOORJUDUHQFDXWLYLGDGODPDGXUDFLyQGHPDFKRVSUHVHQWDPD\RUJUDGRGHGLÀFXOWDGFRPRUHVSXHVWDDHOORVHKDGHVDUUROODGRODFULRSUHVHUYDFLyQGHVHPHQFROHFWDQGRHOPDWHULDOHQODpSRFDGHOOXYLDVFXDQGRKD\QXPHURVRV PDFKRVPDGXURV(VWHPDWHULDOVHPDQWLHQHYLDEOHGXUDQWHYDULRVDxRV9DULRVWLSRVGH FULRSUHVHQYDQWHV\GHDFWLYDGRUHVKDQVLGRGHVDUUROODGRVSDUDWDOÀQ LARVICULTURA /RVKXHYRVVHGHVDUUROODQHQLQFXEDGRUDVFyQLFDVGHÁXMRYHUWLFDOGHGLIHUHQWHVYRO~PHQHVOLWURVSUHIHULEOHPHQWHGHÀEUDGHYLGULRFRORFDQGRKXHYRVSRU OLWURGHDJXDHQODLQFXEDGRUD$OLJXDOTXHODRYLSRVLFLyQHOWLHPSRGHHFORVLyQGHSHQGHGHODWHPSHUDWXUDFRQXQSURPHGLRGHKRUDVJUDGRODLQFXEDFLyQHVYLDEOHHQ DJXDVFRQWHPSHUDWXUDVHQWUH&\&FRQS+GXUH]DVXSHULRUDSSP \R[tJHQRGLVXHOWRVXSHULRUDSSP 8QD YH] HFORVLRQDGDV ODV ODUYDV DO WHUFHU GtD FDPELDQ OD IRUPD GH QDGR YHUWLFDO D QDGRKRUL]RQWDOWDUGDQGRGtDVHQFRPSOHWDUVXGHVDUUROORDOFDERGHORVFXDOHVWDPELpQKDQFRQVXPLGRWRGRHOYLWHOR'HDFXHUGRDHVWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVODODUYLFXOWXUD se puede desarrollar inicialmente en las mismas incubadoras durante los primeros 3 GtDV\OXHJRWUDVODGDUODVODUYDV\DVHDDSLOHWDVRGLUHFWDPHQWHDHVWDQTXHVFRQOD ÀQDOLGDGTXHWHQJDQDOLPHQWRH[WHUQRGLVSRQLEOH]RRSODQFWRQLQLFLDOPHQWHGHѥP DOPRPHQWRGHFRPSOHWDUHOWUDFWRGLJHVWLYR\DEULUODERFD/DVLHPEUDHQHVWDQTXHV VHUHDOL]DDXQDGHQVLGDGODUYDVP\ODSURGXFFLyQGHSODQFWRQVHPDQWLHQHPHGLDQWHDERQDPLHQWRVSHULyGLFRV/DDOLPHQWDFLyQGHORVDOHYLQRVVHFRPSOHPHQWDFRQ HOVXPLQLVWURGHDOLPHQWRFRQFHQWUDGRFRPHUFLDOGHDOWRFRQWHQLGRSURWHLFR SUHVHQWDGRHQSROYRKDULQDSDUDHODFRVWXPEUDPLHQWRGHORVLQGLYLGXRVDFRUGHFRQ ODGHQVLGDGGHVLHPEUD\DOLPHQWDFLyQVXPLQLVWUDGDVHREWHQGUiQDOHYLQRVGHFP /(HQWUHDGtDV ENGORDE En general, en la región amazónica Colossoma macropomumHVODHVSHFLHPiVFXOWLYDGDPLHQWUDVTXHHQ&RORPELDSUHGRPLQDHOFXOWLYRGH3LDUDFWXVEUDFK\SRPXVFRQ HOGHODSURGXFFLyQ(QHVHSDtVHOGHORVVLWLRVGHHQJRUGHSHUWHQHFHQD SHTXHxRVSLVFLFXOWRUHV\HOGHHVWRVFXOWLYDQHVWDVHVSHFLHV\DVHDHQPRQRR policultivo (con Oreochromis, Brycon ó Prochilodus HQ GHQVLGDGHV GH SHFHV PFDUJDVGH.JPHtQGLFHVGHFRQYHUVLyQDOLPHQWLFLDHQWUHHQFXOWLYRV GHVDUUROODGRVHQHVWDQTXHVGHWLHUUD /DPD\RUtDGHFXOWLYDGRUHVGHVDUUROODWRGRHOHQJRUGHHQXQVRORHVWDQTXHSHURHQ VLWLRVFRQPHMRUPDQHMRWpFQLFRVHGHVDUUROODQFXOWLYRVGHGRVHWDSDVDOHYLQDMH\HQJRUGHHLQFOXVLYHWUHVDOHYLQDMHSUHHQJRUGH\HQJRUGHFDGDXQDGHODVHWDSDVHV PDQWHQLGDHQGLIHUHQWHHVWDQTXHGHQVLGDGDOLPHQWDFLyQ\PDQHMRGHDJXD /DSUHSDUDFLyQGHORVHVWDQTXHVSDUDFXOWLYRVLJXHHOSURWRFROREiVLFRGHOLPSLH]DGHO H[FHVRGHORGRVVHFDGRDOVROSRU²GtDVDSOLFDFLyQGHFDOSUHIHULEOHPHQWHGRORPLWDHQSURSRUFLyQGH²JPDERQDPLHQWRRUJiQLFRJP\RLQRUJiQLFR JPyXQDFRPELQDFLyQGHHVWDVGRVIXHQWHVGHDERQR)LQDOPHQWHFRRUGLQDQGRHO OOHQDGRGHWDOIRUPDTXHFXDQGRVHVLHPEUHQORVDOHYLQRVHOHVWDQTXHQROOHYHPiVGH GtDVFRQDJXDHYLWDQGRGHHVWDIRUPDTXHODUYDVGHRGRQDWRV\RWURVLQVHFWRVWHQJDQ FDSDFLGDGGHDWDFDUDORVSHTXHxRVSHFHV (VWDVHVSHFLHVHQFXOWLYRQRKDQUHSRUWDGRSUHVHQFLDGHHQIHUPHGDGHVGHGLItFLOPDQHMRFRPRYLUXVTXHOHVRFDVLRQHQJUDQGHVPRUWDOLGDGHVRFDVLRQDOPHQWHKD\SUHVHQFLD GHSDUiVLWRVGHUHODWLYRIiFLOFRQWURO\HQJHQHUDOVXSUHVHQFLDHVSURPRYLGDSRUIDOODV HQODPDQLSXODFLyQGHORVSHFHVHQODSUHSDUDFLyQGHORVHVWDQTXHVRHQHOPDQHMR GHDJXDV INFORMACIÓN ECONÓMICA Calcular y asegurar la rentabilidad del cultivo es el paso a seguir en cualquier iniciativa GHLQYHUVLyQDFXtFRODOXHJRGHWHQHUFRQÀUPDGDODYLDELOLGDGWpFQLFD$FRQWLQXDFLyQ VHSUHVHQWDHOGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHXQFXOWLYRSLVFtFRODGHSHTXHxR SURGXFWRUHQODUHJLyQVXUGHOWUDSHFLRDPD]yQLFRFRORPELDQRHOFXDOVHUHDOL]DDEDMD GHQVLGDG JHQHUDOPHQWH HQ HVWDQTXHV GH SUHVD FX\D IXHQWH GH DJXDV HV OD HVFRUUHQWtD\ODVDJXDVOOXYLDVUHDOL]DGRHQXQDVRODHWDSDGHPHVHV\DOLPHQWDGRFRQ FRQFHQWUDGRFRPHUFLDO (VWHSODQWHDPLHQWRWLHQHHQFXHQWDODIRUPDFRPRRSHUDQORVQDWLYRV\FDPSHVLQRV GRQGH QR KD\ FRVWRV ÀMRV QL JDVWRV RSHUDFLRQDOHV OD GHSUHFLDFLyQ VH LQFOX\H FRPR HMHUFLFLRÀQDQFLHUR\DTXHHIHFWLYDPHQWHORVFDPSHVLQRVQRPDQHMDQHVWHFRQFHSWRQL HIHFW~DQODUHVSHFWLYDSURYLVLyQHQEDQFRV'DGDVODVFRVWXPEUHVGHOD]RQDGRQGH VH FRPHUFLD HO SHVFDGR IUHVFR HQWHUR \ FRQ YtVFHUDV QR VH LQFOX\HQ SpUGLGDV HVWD FDXVD3DUDHIHFWRGHOHMHUFLFLRVHHVWDEOHFLyHOSUHFLRGHXQGyODUDPHUtFDQR86' 200 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD HQPLOQRYHFLHQWRVWUHFHSHVRVFRORPELDQRV&23FRQORVVLJXLHQWHV SDUiPHWURVEiVLFRVGHFXOWLYR /DHVWLPDFLyQGHJDVWRV\YHQWDVGHOFXDGURDQWHULRUVHUHVXPHGHODVLJXLHQWHIRUPD 201 (OFiOFXORGHXWLOLGDGHVVHHVWDEOHFHGHODVLJXLHQWHIRUPD $SDUWLUGHODVFLIUDVGHORVFXDGURVDQWHULRUHVVHREWLHQHQORVVLJXLHQWHVUHVXOWDGRV 7HQLHQGR SUHVHQWH TXH SDUD &RORPELD GXUDQWH HO DxR HO VDODULR PtQLPR OHJDO PHQVXDOIXHGH86GyODUHVHVWHPRGHORGHFXOWLYRFRQPGHHVSHMRGH DJXD \ HPSOHDQGR XQD GHQVLGDG GH SHFHVP JHQHUD XWLOLGDGHV HTXLYDOHQWHV D VXHOGRVPtQLPRVDODxR 3UR\HFWDQGRHVWHPRGHORKDFLDSURJUDPDVGHIRPHQWRTXHEXVTXHQJHQHUDUXQLQJUHVRGHVXHOGRVPtQLPRVDODxRVHHQFXHQWUDTXHVHQHFHVLWDUtDGHDOPHQRVXQiUHD GHHVSHMRGHDJXDGHPSDUDFDGDSURGXFWRUEHQHÀFLDULR 3DUDRWUDVLPXODFLyQVtVHFRQVLGHUDODPLVPDiUHDGHHVSHMRGHDJXDPSHUR con menor disponibilidad de agua que obligue a realizar el cultivo a una densidad de SH]PVHREWHQGUtDQORVVLJXLHQWHVtQGLFHV 202 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD (QFRQVHFXHQFLDFRQHVWDPHQRUGHQVLGDGHQPGHHVSHMRGHDJXDVHJHQHUDQVDODULRVPtQLPRVDODxR\VHPDQWLHQHQtQGLFHVSRVLWLYRVHQHOVHQWLGRHFRQyPLFR'HHVWDPDQHUDVHFRQFOX\HTXHSDUDXQSLVFLFXOWRUGHHVWD]RQDGH&RORPELD que vende directamente al consumidor, el cultivo de estas especies es una actividad SHFXDULDVRVWHQLEOH3DUDRWUDViUHDVGHOSDtVGRQGHVHWLHQHQGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGH SUHVHQWDFLyQGHOSURGXFWR\VHSUHVHQWDQFDQDOHVGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQPiVFRPSOHMRV VHPDQHMDQRWUDVHVWUDWHJLDVFRPRDXPHQWDUODGHQVLGDGURWDULQVWDODFLRQHVDSOLFDU policultivos o agregar valor para compensar los gastos ocasionados por evisceración, GHVFDPDGRHPSDTXHV\ODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHXQRyPiVLQWHUPHGLDULRV (Q&RORPELDGRQGHODPD\RUFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHFXOWLYRVVHKDOODHQHOiUHDGHLQÁXHQFLD DQGLQDHOFRVWRGHSURGXFFLyQSURPHGLRGHHVWDVHVSHFLHVVHHQFXHQWUDHQ.J FRQXQDXWLOLGDGSURPHGLRGH.JSDUDXQSURGXFWRHQWUHJDGRHYLVFHUDGRHQWUH J\J REFERENCIAS %RQLOOD63'DWRVHVWDGtVWLFRVGHODDFXDFXOWXUDHQ&RORPELD&DGHQDGHOD$FXLFXOWXUD0$'5%RJRWiSS )$27&$3LVFLFXOWXUD$PD]yQLFDFRQHVSHFLHV1DWLYDV6HFUHWDULD3UR7HPSRUH Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica. Lima. 107 pp. )ORUHV$ $ %URZQ 3HFHV 1DWLYRV GH$JXD 'XOFH GH$PpULFD GHO 6XU GH ,QWHUpV SDUD OD$FXLFXOWXUD 8QD VtQWHVLV GHO HVWDGR GH GHVDUUROOR WHFQROyJLFR 6HULH $FXDFXOWXUDHQ/DWLQRDPpULFD)$2SS )UHVQHGD$HWDO(VSHUPLDFLyQLQGXFLGD\FULRFRQVHUYDFLyQGHVHPHQGHFDFKDPD%ODQFD3LDUDFWXVEUDFK\SRPXV5HY&RO&LHQF3HF *RQ]iOH]5/D&DFKDPD%ODQFD5HYLVWD$FXLRULHQWH *RQ]iOH]5(O&XOWLYRGH/D&DFKDPD&DStWXOR;9(Q)XQGDPHQWRVGH$FXDcultura Continental. INPA. IAvH, 2011. Catálogo de los recursos Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. IAvH. 300 pp 203 EL CULTIVO DE BAGRES PIMELODIDOS -RVp$ULHO5RGUtJXH]31 *UXSRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQJHQpWLFD\UHSURGXFFLyQ*,5*$8QLYHUVLGDGGHORV/ODQRV &RORPELDURGULJXH]SMRVHD#\DKRRFRPP[ INTRODUCCIÓN &RORPELDHVFRQVLGHUDGRXQSDtVPHJDGLYHUVRFRQPiVGHHVSHFLHVGHYHUWHEUDGRV\HQpOODV]RQDVGHPiVDOWDGLYHUVLGDGVRQORVVLVWHPDVÁXYLDOHVFX\RVUHFXUsos hidrobiológicos han sido base socioeconómica y alimentaria no solo de regiones ULEHUHxDVVLQRGHOLQWHULRUGHOSDtV\DFWXDOPHQWHSRUVREUHSHVFDGHWHULRURDPELHQWDO\ FRQWDPLQDFLyQPXFKRVGHORVUHFXUVRVHVWiQHQDPHQD]DGRVRHQSHOLJURGHH[WLQFLyQ ORVUHJLVWURVGHSHVTXHUtDVPXHVWUDQLQGLVFXWLEOHPHQWHXQDWHQGHQFLDDODEDMD\GLVPLQXFLyQHQODVWDOODVGHFDSWXUD8QDIRUPDGHDVHJXUDUODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHORVPLVPRV HVORJUDUVXPDQHMRUHSURGXFWLYRHQFDXWLYHULR%HOWUiQHWDO5RGUtJXH] /RVVLOXULIRUPHVUHSUHVHQWDQHOFXDUWRRUGHQGHQWURGHORVYHUWHEUDGRV\GHQWURGHORV RVWDULRSK\VL VRQ HO JUXSR GH SHFHV PiV GLYHUVLÀFDGR \ H[WHQVDPHQWH GLVWULEXLGR D QLYHOPXQGLDOVREUHWRGRHQDJXDVFRQWLQHQWDOHVFRQPiVGHWUHLQWDIDPLOLDVJpQHURV\FHUFDGHHVSHFLHV3LQQD(Q6XU$PpULFDVHHQFXHQWUDQHQWRGDV ODV FXHQFDV KLGURJUiÀFDV \ RFXSDQ HO VHJXQGR OXJDU GHVSXpV GH ORV &KDUDFLIRUPHV (VFREDU\0RMLFD 'HQWURGHORV6LOXULIRUPHVXQDGHODVIDPLOLDVPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVHVOD3LPHORGLGDH TXHYLYHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHQDJXDVGXOFHVHVGHODVPiVQXPHURVDVGHVSXpVODIDPLOLD /RULFDULLGDH\DOPLVPRWLHPSRODPiVLPSRUWDQWHFRPRUHFXUVRSHVTXHUR0RMLFDHWDO 6HFRQRFHQPiVGHJpQHURVTXHDEDUFDQDOUHGHGRUGHHVSHFLHVGLVWULEXLGDVGHVGH0p[LFRKDVWD$UJHQWLQD5RGUtJXH]\*DOYLVHWDO\DpVWD SHUWHQHFHQORVEDJUHVGHPD\RUWDPDxRFRQRFLGRV /DSLVFLFXOWXUDHVODDFWLYLGDGSHFXDULDGHPD\RUFUHFLPLHQWRHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV\D HQHOODDFXLFXOWXUDFRQWLQHQWDOVXSHUyORVPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDV)$2 \SDUD&RORPELDUHJLVWUDXQDSURGXFFLyQGHFDUQHGHSHVFDGRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH PLOWRQHODGDVDxR6LQHPEDUJRHVWDSURGXFFLyQGHSHQGHIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHGHO FXOWLYRGHWUHVHVSHFLHVWLODSLDURMDOreochromis sp), trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) y cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus), siendo las dos primeras especies GHRULJHQH[yWLFR$WHQFLR (QYLUWXGGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHVXFDUQHEODQFD\VLQHVSLQDVLQWUDPXVFXODUHVTXH GHWHUPLQDXQDDOWDDFHSWDFLyQFRPHUFLDO\SRUODIDFWLELOLGDGGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\FXOWLYR HQ FDXWLYHULR YDULDV HVSHFLHV QDWLYDV GH VLO~ULGRV FRQVWLWX\HQ XQD EXHQD DOWHUQDWLYD SDUDGLYHUVLÀFDUODRIHUWDGHHVSHFLHVSDUDODDFXLFXOWXUDQDFLRQDOHQWUHHOODVHOEDJUH rayado Pseudoplatystoma (orinocoense- metaense HO \DTXp Leiarius marmoratus y el amarillo Zungaro zungaro6LQHPEDUJRDSHVDUGHDOJXQRVWUDEDMRVUHDOL]DGRVFRQ HVWDVHVSHFLHVD~QQRHVSRVLEOHVXFXOWLYRDHVFDODFRPHUFLDOGHELGRSULQFLSDOPHQWH DODVGLÀFXOWDGHVSDUDORJUDUVXUHSURGXFFLyQH[LWRVDHQFDXWLYHULRODPDUFDGDHVWDFLR204 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD QDOLGDGUHSURGXFWLYDVXVKiELWRVDOLPHQWLFLRVFDUQtYRURV\ODGLÀFXOWDGSDUDDGDSWDUODV DOFRQVXPRGHGLHWDVVHFDVRFRQFHQWUDGRVFRPHUFLDOHVSRUORWDQWRODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ QDFLRQDODFWXDOPHQWHHVWiVLHQGRRULHQWDGDDVROXFLRQDUHVWDSUREOHPiWLFD\PHMRUDU ODVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHHVWDDFWLYLGDGSURGXFWLYD&UX]&DVDOODVHWDO MANEJO EN CONFINAMIENTO Los reproductores son capturados del medio natural y se transportan en recipientes SOiVWLFRVRGHÀEUDGHYLGULRDUD]yQGHNJGHSHVRFRUSRUDOSRUOLWURVGHDJXD 'LDJQyVWLFRGHOHVWDGRGHPDGXUH]JRQDGDO La ovulación parece ser el resultado de HVWtPXORVHQGyJHQRVGHVSXpVGHODPDGXUDFLyQÀQDOGHORYRFLWR(QODPD\RUtDGHODV HVSHFLHVWURSLFDOHVODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODJXD\HOIRWRSHUtRGRHVWLPXODQODYLWHORJpQHVLV HQ FDXWLYHULR HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV VH SXHGHQ PDQLSXODU VLPXOiQGRVH SHUtRGRV GH DOWD SOXYLRVLGDGRPDQHMDQGRORVQLYHOHVGHDJXDGHOHVWDQTXHSDUDUHSOLFDUORVFDPELRV HVWDFLRQDOHVTXHVXFHGHQHQODQDWXUDOH]D\TXHOHLQIRUPDQDOSH]FXDQGRLQLFLDUR SDUDUDOJXQRGHVXVSURFHVRVÀVLROyJLFRV(ODOLPHQWR\ODVHQVDFLyQGHVHJXULGDGRULJLQDQXQDPELHQWHIDYRUDEOHSDUDVXUHSURGXFFLyQXQDQLPDOYLYLHQGRHQFRQGLFLRQHV GHHVWUpVSHUPDQHQWHSLHUGHGLVSRVLFLyQSDUDODUHSURGXFFLyQ(VFREDUHWDO$Vt ODVFRVDVPHGLDQWHH[DPHQGLUHFWRGHVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVH[XDOHVVHFXQGDULDVWDOHV 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VHKDFHPHGLDQWHPDVDMHFpIDORFDXGDO Incubadoras.(OPRGHORPiVXVDGRVRQODVGHÁXMRDVFHQGHQWHWLSR$JURYHUZR\QDURYLFKR0F'RQDOG/DHFORVLyQVHGDHQWUHDORV+VLHQGRPiVSHTXHxDVODV ODUYDVGH/PDUPRUDWXVPPDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH /DUYLFXOWXUD\DOHYLQDMH3DUDFULDUODUYDVVDOXGDEOHV\ELHQGHVDUUROODGDVHVLPSRUWDQWHSURYHHUWRGDVODVFRQGLFLRQHVQHFHVDULDVSDUDVXGHVDUUROOR(VWDVVRQDGHFXDGD WHPSHUDWXUDGHODJXDDEXQGDQWHR[LJHQRGLVXHOWRHOLPLQDFLyQGHPHWDEROLWRVSURGX FLGRVWDOHVFRPR&2\1+HOLPLQDFLyQGHODVPHPEUDQDVKXHYRVPDORJUDGRV\ RWURVGHVSHUGLFLRV Suministro de alimento.'HEHVXPLQLVWUDUVHGHVGHODVKRUDVSRVHFORVLyQ\KD GHVHUDOLPHQWRYLYRQRPD\RUDѥPURWtIHURVQDXSOLRVGHDUWHPLD\GHFODGyFHURV &UX]HWDO6HKDREVHUYDGRTXHHQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVODSULQFLSDOFDXVD GHOFDQLEDOLVPRHQODODUYLFXOWXUDHVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQHOPDQHMRGHODDOLPHQWDFLyQ FRQVLGHUiQGRVHFRPRIDFWRUHVLPSRUWDQWHVHQHOFRQWUROGHHVWDFRQGXFWDDOLPHQWDFLyQDVDFLHGDGIUHFXHQFLDySWLPDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQWDPDxRDSURSLDGR\GLVWULEXFLyQ KRPRJpQHDGHODOLPHQWRXVRSUHIHUHQFLDOGHDOLPHQWRYLYRFDQWLGDGGHOX]VXPLQLVWUDGDGHQVLGDGGHVLHPEUDFRQYHQLHQWH\FDOLGDGGHDJXDORPiVHVWDEOHSRVLEOH1~xH] HWDO 'HVSXpVGHKDEHUVLGRUHDEVRUELGRHOVDFRYLWHOLQRORVDOHYLQRVVHDOLPHQWDQFRQ$UWHPLDVDOLQD\SODQFWRQSRUGtDV\JUDGXDOPHQWHVHUHPSOD]DSRUGLHWDK~PHGD GHFRQFHQWUDGRSXOYHUL]DGRFRQGHSURWHtQDPiVFRPSOHPHQWRVGHKtJDGRR FRUD]yQPROLGR(VWHSHUtRGRGHDFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRDGLHWDVHFDHVXQSURFHVRGHOLFDGRHQGRQGHQRVHGHEHQPDQHMDUHQGHQVLGDGPD\RUDSRUOLWUR\VHGHEHQUHWLUDU DTXHOORVDOHYLQRVGHPD\RUWDPDxRMXPSHUPtQLPRFDGDFXDWURGtDVSDUDHYLWDUOD GHSUHGDFLyQ Estas primeras etapas se realizan en piletas o canaletas con recambio de agua (circuiWRFHUUDGRDWHPSHUDWXUDVGH&DLUHDFLyQSHUPDQHQWH\EDMRWHFKRHQDPELHQWHV RVFXURV H[FHSWR HQ = ]XQJDUR (Q HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV VH FDPELD JUDGXDOPHQWH HO VXPLQLVWURGHDOLPHQWRYLYRSRUDOLPHQWRK~PHGRHQIRUPDGHSDVWDKDVWDDFRQGLFLRQDUORVDUDFLRQHVVHFDV Cultivo en estanque. La actividad de la acuicultura posee un potencial importante como iUHDSURYHFKRVDGHLQYHUVLyQ\FRPRFUHDFLyQGHXQDHPSUHVDDOWHUQDWLYDSDUDTXHORV SURGXFWRUHVSXHGDQPHMRUDUVXVJDQDQFLDV6LQHPEDUJRQRHVXQDSDQDFHD/DVLQYHUVLRQHVDFXtFRODVUHTXLHUHQXQDQiOLVLVFDEDO\XQDSODQLÀFDFLyQDGHFXDGDSUHYLRDO LQLFLRGHFXDOTXLHUHPSUHQGLPLHQWR/RVDQiOLVLVGHEHQFRQVLGHUDUHOJUDGRGHLQWHQVLGDGGHOPDQHMRRJHUHQFLDPLHQWRUHTXHULGR(VWRLQFOX\HQRVyORORVtWHPVUHIHULGRVDO PDQHMRGHODSURGXFFLyQVLQRWDPELpQDOPDQHMRÀQDQFLHUR\HOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDXQD FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQDGHFXDGD(OPDQHMRHVTXL]iVHOFRPSRQHQWHPiVFUtWLFRHQODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHOp[LWRGHXQDHPSUHVDDFXtFRODSRWHQFLDO(QVXPDODVDOWHUQDWLYDVGH FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGLVSRQLELOLGDG\ÁH[LELOLGDGGHUHFXUVRVUHTXHULPLHQWRVÀQDQFLHURV QHFHVLGDGHVFUHGLWLFLDV\UHVWULFFLRQHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVGHEHUiQHYDOXDUVHFRQDWHQFLyQ DQWHVGHLQLFLDUFXDOTXLHURSHUDFLyQ 8QDYH]REWHQLGDVODVODUYDVVHSURFHGHUiQDVHPEUDUHQHVWDQTXHVHQWLHUUDSUHYLDPHQWHDGHFXDGRVSDUDVXUHFHSFLyQ6HVHPEUDUiQHQIRUPDGLUHFWDDUD]yQGHGRV HMHPSODUHVSRUP/RVHMHPSODUHVVHPEUDGRVVHUiQPXHVWUHDGRVFDGDTXLQFHGtDV FRQHOÀQGHGHWHUPLQDUODUDWDGHFUHFLPLHQWR\ODQXHYDUDFLyQGHDOLPHQWRDSURSRUcionar (ODOLPHQWRDVXPLQLVWUDUVHUiXQDOLPHQWRSHOHWL]DGRFRQSRUFHQWDMHGHSURWHtQDHQWUH HODOLQLFLDUHOFLFOR\WHUPLQDQGRHQDOPRPHQWRGHFRVHFKD(OWDPDxRGHO ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD pellet debe ir en aumento en estas condiciones para L. marmoratus se logró en cinco PHVHVGHFXOWLYRSHVRVSURPHGLRGHJ\WDOODVGHFPFRQFRQYHUVLRQHVÀQDOHV GH7DEOD'HWDOVXHUWH5LFDUGR0XULOORHVWLPDXQDSURGXFFLyQSRUKHFWiUHDGH WRQHODGDV SRU FLFOR GH SURGXFFLyQ FRQ LQGLYLGXRV GH D JUDPRV GH SHVR SURPHGLR 7DEOD9DULDEOHVGHOGHVHPSHxRSURGXFWLYRGH/PDUPRUDWXVDOLPHQWDGRVFRQGLIHUHQWHVQLYHOHVGHSURWHtQDEUXWD3%HQODGLHWD'DWRVSUHVHQWDGRVFRPRSURPHGLR HUURUHVWiQGDUGHODPHGLD((0 REFERENCIAS $ORQVR-&6&,EDUUD´(QVD\RVGH5HSURGXFFLyQ,QGXFLGDHQHO0RWD&DOORSK\VXVPDFURSWHUXV/LQFKWHQVWHLQ3S(Q0HPRULDV,9UHXQLyQUHG QDFLRQDOGHDFXLFXOWXUD&ROFLHQFLDV0LQDJULFXOWXUD,13$&DU3URH[SR)RQGR'5, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Atencio, V. J. 2003. Producción de alevinos de peces migratorios continentales en CoORPELD(Q,,&RQJUHVR,EHURDPHULFDQR9LUWXDOGH$FXLFXOWXUDS %HOWUiQ+RVWRV'35($MLDFR0DUWtQH]<+5DPtUH]*LO/HLDULXVPDUPRUDWXV*LOOS(Q5DPtUH]+\5($MLDFR(GV/DSHVFDHQODEDMD 2ULQRTXLDFRORPELDQDXQDYLVLyQLQWHJUDO0LQDJULFXOWXUD3URQDWWD&ROFLHQFLDV,13$ %RJRWi'&&RORPELDS &UX]1('tD]--0DUFLDOHV&-0XULOOR350HGLQD50&UX]3'HVHPSHxRSURGXFWLYRGHO<DTXp/HLDULXVPDUPRUDWXVHQHVWDQTXHVHQWLHUUDEDMRWUHV GHQVLGDGHVGHVLHPEUD5HYLVWD&RORPELDQDGHFLHQFLDV3HFXDULDV9RO (VFREDU0'<+20RMLFD(QVD\RVSUHOLPLQDUHVGHUHSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGD GHO\DTXp/HLDULXVPDUPRUDWXV*LOO3LVFHV6LOXULIRUPHV3LPHORGLGDHHQOD 2ULQRTXLD&RORPELDQD%RO&LHQW,13$ )$26HPLQDULRVREUHRUGHQDFLyQSHVTXHUDUHVSRQVDEOHHQJUDQGHVUtRV\HPEDOVHVGH$PHULFD/DWLQD)$2),6+&2'(5HYLVWD5RPDS *DOYLV*-,0RMLFD0&DPDUJR3HFHVGHO&DWDWXPER(FRSHWURO2[\6KHll -Asociación Cravo Norte. Bogotá. 118 p. .DVVRZVNL&$SRUWHVDODUHSURGXFFLyQHQFDXWLYHULR\FUHFLPLHQWRGHO%DJUH ]DPXULWR&DORSK\VXVPDFURSWHUXV/LQFKWHQVWHLQ3LVFHVVLOXULIRUPHV(VWDFLyQ de Piscicultura. Bioagro Centro Occidental Univ. Lisandro Alvarado.27p. 0RMLFD+2-$5RGUtJXH]\=&2UR]FR0DQXDOGH5HSURGXFFLyQ\FXOWLYR del Bagre Rayado (Pseudoptatystoma fasciatum). PRONATTA - INPA. 1XQH] - 'XTXH 5 &RUFX\$1 'XSRQFKHOOH ) 5HQQR -% 7 5D\QDXG Induced breeding and larval rearing of surubi Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus IURPWKH%ROLYLDQ$PD]RQ$TXDF5HV 3pUH]*2&DVWLOOR$VSHFWRVUHSURGXFWLYRV\SDWUyQGHH[SORWDFLyQGHOEDJUH Pseudoplatystoma metaense Buitrago y Burr, 2007 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) en la cuenca del río Apure, Venezuela. Simposio Iberoamericano de Ecología Reproductiva, Reclutamiento y Pesquerías (SIBERCORP). 3LQQD0&&3K\ORJHQHWLFUHODWLRQVKLSVRI1HRWURSLFDO6LOXULIRUPHV7HOHRVWHL 2VWDULRSK\VL +LVWRULFDO RYHUYLHZ DQG V\QWKHVLV RI K\SRWKHVHV ,Q 0DODEDUED /5 5HLV559DUL53/XFHQD=06/XFHQD&$3K\ORJHQ\DQGFODVLÀFDWLRQ RIQHRWURSLFDOÀVKHV 208 ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD 5RGUtJXH]-$5HSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDGHOFDMDUR3KUDWRFHSKDOXVKHPLROLRSWHUXV %ORFK\6FKQHLGHU3S(Q0HPRULDV&RQJUHVR/DWLQRDPHULFDQR GH$FXLFXOWXUD\6HPLQDULR1DFLRQDOGH$FXLFXOWXUD&2/&,(1&,$6%RJRWi'& Colombia, 562 p. Rodríguez, J. A. 2004. Aspectos reproductivos del Nicuro Pimelodus blochii en cautiYHULRHQODHVWDFLyQSLVFtFROD´/D7HUUD]Dµ7UDEDMRGH0DHVWUtD3RQWLÀFLD8QLYHUVLGDG Javeriana – INPA. Villavicencio. Tatiana M., Medina, R.V.; Cruz, C. P. 2010. Evaluación de tres protocolos hormonales HP<DTXH /HLDULXV PDUPRUDWXV EDMR FRQGLFLRQHV GH FDXWLYHULR 5HYLVWD 09= 9RO 210 COVER COLOQUIO.indd 2 2/4/13 12:59 PM