Untitled

Boletín Virtual REDIPE Vol 3 No. 5
Abril-Mayo de 2014 - ISSN 2256-1536
boredipe@rediberoamericanadepedagogia.com
Julio César Arboleda
Director Revista Redipe
Miguel de Zubiría Samper, Director Fundación
Intern. Alberto Merani
Rodrigo Ruay Garcés
Pedagogo Chileno
José Manuel Touriñán, Pedagogo español,
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Bruno D'Amore y Martha I. Fandiño Pinilla,
Dipartimento di Matematica - Università di Bologna
Dr. Prudencio Rodríguez Díaz,
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México
Pedro Ortega Ruiz, Ph D, Universidad de Murcia,
autor de la Pedagogía de la Alteridad.
Aileen Dever, Quinnipiac University, Handem CT – AATSP
Karina Rodríguez , Universidad La Salle de México
Carlos Arboleda A , Southern Connecticut State
University - coordinador del área de Lenguaje, literatura y
cultura de Redipe
Pedro Horruitiner Silva , Ministerio de Educación
Superior de Cuba
Sergio Tobón Tobón, Director Instituto Cife,
perspectiva socioformativa
Susana Gonçalves , Directora (CInEP) Ensino
Superior Coimbra Portugal
Mario Germán Gil, Líder Grupo Humanidades y
Universidad, USC
Giovanni M. Iafrancesco V., Director Coripet,
Pedagogía Transformadora
Mireya Cisneros, Universidad Tecnológica de
Pereira – Colombia
Wilson Acosta Valdeleón,
investigador del doctorado en Educación de la Universidad de La Salle.
Germán Piloneta , Proyecto CISNE, Universidad Javeriana
J. Simón Sánchez Hernández,
pedagogo Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de México
Andrés Hermann, Instituto Altos Estudios, Ecuador
Alexander Ortiz Ocaña, Cuba- Umag; investigador doctorado Rude Colombia
Ricardo Navas Ruiz, Universidad de Massachusetts
Héctor Rizo Moreno, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Julián De Zubiría Samper, Director Instituto Merani,
Pedagogía Dialogante
Nelson Largo, Diseño y diagramación
-
0
:
-
*
*
!
!
1
!
"
"
!
José Manuel Touriñán López, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España
!
Julio César Arboleda. Director Redipe, Profesor USC
!
$
"
"
#
!
!
'
$
!
#
%
(
#
!
&
!
Irene Calzado Vargas, Universidad de Las Tunas, Cuba
Ninoska E. Viloria Cedeño, Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, Venezuela.
Luz Marilyn Ortiz, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose De Caldas
!
)
%
Daimy Delgado Avila, Filial de Ciencias Médicas: Comandante Manuel Piti Fajardo, San Cristóbal, Artemisa, Cuba
#
!
(
(
#
Yanelis Karina Ávila Pavón, Damary Galiano Castro y Graciela Feliciana Mayo Castro, Universidad de Las Tunas, Cuba
*
$
&
Germán Pilonieta, Academia Colombiana de Pedagogía y Educación- Comité de calidad, RedipeAcercamiento al libro:
+
$
"
,
%
"
Laura Touriñán Morandeira, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
*
-
!
"
.
)
/
"
*
0
Maikel Ennis Quiala y Ernan Santiesteban Naranjo, Universidad “Vladimir Ilich Lenin” de Cuba
*
!
%
3
4
8
'
5
A
7
-
9
&
&
*
!
!
(
&
1
!
!
'
!
(
$
#
2
&
!
&
Juan Pablo Jiménez Caicedo, Columbia University, EE UU.
Ana Rosa Aguilera Rodríguez, Universidad de Las Tunas. Cuba.
:
0
0
8
'
6
#
:
;
&
<
;
-
$
&
<
*
=
8
>
?
/
@
"
#
%
%
&
&
B
&
"
&
C
Hamid Dabashi, Columbia University in New York.
*
*
-
D
!
#
$
/
<
8
<
)
8
#
A
E
'
Rubén Pelayo, Southern Connecticut State University
:
<
)
8
A
'
Kenia María Velázquez, Ernan Santiesteban Naranjo e Irene Bárbara Calzado Vargas, Universidad de Las Tunas de Cuba.
0
D
$
+
*
8
#
#
#
)
*
*
;
-
#
F
+
G
Aldemar Alegría Oviedo, Universidad Santiago de Cali.
Viviana. G.Gubinelli, General Roca- Rio Negro, Patagonia, Argentina.
!
+
*
H
2
G
<
<
)
8
A
'
Irene Bárbara Calzado Vargas, Ernan Santiesteban Naranjo y Kenia María Velázquez Avila, Cuba.
(
,
<
I
+
8
3
7
%
#
G
'
#
0
Aquiles Trespalacio Navarro, Colombia
-
Carles Monereo Font, Editorial Redipe, mayo 2014.
3
!
L
K
J
8
E
E
#
#
S
!
)
#
)
M
!
1
/
"
8
1
N
D
-
#
0
T
-
U
1
-
P
Q
R
Pedro ortega Ruiz y otros
José Manuel Touriñán L. Universidad Santiago de Compostella, España.
Laura Teresa Tuta Ramírez - Akever Karina Santafé Rojas. Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona,
Norte de Santander, Colombia.
O
Héctor Javier Tascón Hernández, Bellas Artes, Cali, Colombia, 2014.
#
E
#
#
)
1
!
1
%
N
O
P
Q
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
·
ABRIL - MAYO DE 2014
6
·
EDITORIAL Revista Virtual Redipe: Año 3 Volumen 5
&
#
#
$
'
(
!
"
#
*
:
;
<
=
:
>
ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁĞďƐƉĞƌƐŽĂŝƐ͘ƵƐĐ͘ĞƐͬƉĞƌƐŽĂŝƐͬũŽƐĞŵĂŶƵĞů͘ƚŽƵƌŝŶĂŶͬ
9
+
#
#
,
-
#
.
$
/
0
)
1
-
2
3
4
+
1
#
5
6
0
#
/
&
0
$
7
!
1
#
,
8
3
-
!
,
H[WUHPR GH OD UHG HQ VLWXDFLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO JUDFLDV DO
GHVDUUROORGHOPHGLRQRVFRQYLHUWHHQHVSHFWDGRUHVDFWLYRV
3RU SULQFLSLR GH VLJQL¿FDGR ORV YDORUHV GHULYDGRV GH
ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ VH FRQVROLGDQ FRPR
\HQHPLJUDQWHVYLUWXDOHVTXHH[SHULPHQWDQODFRQYLYHQFLD
LQWHUSHUVRQDOFLXGDGDQDGHVGHHOPHGLR
IXQGDPHQWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD GLYHUVLGDG OD
LGHQWLGDG \ HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR 'HVGH HVD SHUVSHFWLYD
GH DSUR[LPDFLyQ DO WHPD OD IRUPDFLyQ SDUD OD LGHQWLGDG
\ OD GLYHUVLGDG HV HMHUFLFLR GH HGXFDFLyQ HQ YDORUHV
IXQGDPHQWDGR HQ ORV YDORUHV GHULYDGRV GH ORV GHUHFKRV
KXPDQRV GH OD SHUVRQD SHUR GH PDQHUD VLQJXODU HQ ORV
GHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQTXHVHYLQFXODQDOGHVDUUROOR
FXOWXUDOVRFLRLGHQWLWDULR\VHHMHUFHQHQXQORFXVWHUULWRULDO
GH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD (O VHQWLGR WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH
ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ QRV KD SHUPLWLGR VDOLU
GH QXHVWUR PDUFR WHUULWRULDO FLXGDGDQR SRU PHGLR GH ODV
UHGHVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ\H[SHULPHQWDUXQFLHUWRPRGRGH
FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD PXQGLDOL]DGD HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH OD
FRPXQLFDFLyQJOREDOORSRGHPRVYHUDOKDEODUGHOVHQWLGR
LQWHUFXOWXUDOGHODHGXFDFLyQGHODFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQD
HQODVUHGHV\GHODLQÀXHQFLDGHORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ
\ GH ODV DUWHV PXVLFDOHV \ GHO FLQH HQ OD FRQYLYHQFLD /D
SRVLELOLGDG GH HVWDEOHFHU FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ WUDQVPLVLyQ
GH YDORUHV FRQ OD IDPLOLD \ FRQ SHUVRQDV VLWXDGDV DO RWUR
$KRUDELHQVLKD\HGXFDFLyQSDUDODFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQD
FX\R REMHWLYR HV HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR QR KD\ UD]yQ SDUD
FRUWDU OD ÀXLGH] GH OD LGHD \ QR DVXPLU OD SRVLELOLGDG GH
JHQHUDU DFWLWXG IDYRUDEOH DO FRPSURPLVR FRQ OD LGHD GH
PDUFRWHUULWRULDOPiVDOOiGHPLSDtV\DIURQWDUGHVGHORV
GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
FRQ VHQWLGR GH FRRSHUDFLyQ VROLGDULD WUDQVQDFLRQDO \
SRU WDQWR SODQHWDULD 6H WUDWD GH LU PiV DOOi GHO SRGHU GH
UHODFLyQ LQWHUSHUVRQDO TXH SURSRUFLRQD HO PHGLR FXOWXUDO
\ WHFQROyJLFR HQ FXDQWR PHGLR LQVWDODGR HQ ORV GHUHFKRV
GHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQHVGHFLUFRPRPHGLRTXHLGHQWL¿FD
\ GLYHUVL¿FD +D\ TXH LU DO XVR GH ORV PHGLRV \ GH ORV
UHFXUVRVDVXPLHQGRHOKHFKRUHDOGHTXHQXHVWURWHUULWRULR
HVHOPXQGR\TXHQRHVWDPRVDLVODGRVQLDMHQRVDOUHVWRGHO
SODQHWDHQQXHVWUDFRPXQLGDGSDUWLFXODU
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
I S N N
N 5
3
V O L
%
M a y o
-
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
LA SOSTENIBILIDAD, EL CONSUMO
Y EL EMPRENDIMIENTO
B o l e t í n
LA EDUCACIÓN PARA EL
DESARROLLO DE LOS PUEBLOS, UN
ESCALÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN PARA
LA CONVIVENCIA CIUDADANA
PLANETARIA:
E D U C A C I Ó N
@
A
@
B
C
@
D
E
A
@
F
G
G
[
_
U
C
Q
D
H
L
O
D
P
S
G
G
E
U
G
V
G
X
G
]
S
Q
U
C
T
G
R
W
D
S
X
E
S
P
G
C
V
G
@
S
G
E
V
T
G
G
G
U
V
Q
R
H
R
D
C
W
E
R
D
S
D
P
U
@
S
T
C
T
@
X
U
T
V
V
G
W
@
U
U
B
X
A
C
T
S
A
T
S
G
D
P
[
Q
G
Z
X
E
G
A
U
F
@
V
G
V
D
A
G
R
S
Y
U
X
@
Y
C
X
G
[
S
V
E
T
U
T
V
S
S
T
Z
@
&LYLFGHYHORSPHQWHGXFDWLRQIRUGHYHORSPHQWSODQHWDULDQ
@
\
G
V
FLWL]HQVKLS FRH[LVWHQFH
V
VXVWDLQDELOLW\ FRQVXPSWLRQ
HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS
Q
X
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
N
B o l e t í n
I
·
M
7
SDUWLFXODUFRPPXQLW\
^
L
P L A N E T A R I A
LVRODWHGQHLWKHUH[WUDQHRXVWRWKHUHVWRIWKHSODQHWLQRXU
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR
K
C I U D A D A N A
IDFWWKDWRXUFRXQWU\LVWKHZKROHZRUOGDQGWKDWZHDUHQRW
FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDFRQVXPRVRVWHQLELOLGDG
J
C O N V I V E N C I A
XVHRIWKHPHDQVDQGRIWKHUHVRXUFHVDVVXPLQJWKHUHDO
H
'HVDUUROOR FtYLFR HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR
I
L A
·
?
P A R A
-
H[HUFLVHRIHGXFDWLRQLQYDOXHVEDVHGRQWKHYDOXHVGHULYHG
ORFXV RI WKH FLWL]HQ FRH[LVWHQFH 7KH WUDQVQDWLRQDO VHQVH
RIWKHULJKWVRIWKLUGJHQHUDWLRQKDV DOORZHGXV JRRXWRI
RXU FLWL]HQ WHUULWRULDO IUDPHZRUN WKURXJK FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
QHWZRUNVDQGH[SHULHQFHDWUXHZD\RIZRUOGZLGHFLWL]HQ
FRH[LVWHQFH LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH JOREDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
ZHFDQVHHZKHQVSHDNLQJRIWKHLQWHUFXOWXUDOVHQVHRIWKH
HGXFDWLRQ RI WKH FLWL]HQ FRH[LVWHQFH LQ WKH QHWZRUNV DQG
RIWKHLQÀXHQFHRIWKHPHGLDDQGRIWKHPXVLFDODUWVDQGRI
WKHFLQHPDLQWKHFRQYLYLDOZD\RIOLIH7KHSRVVLELOLW\WR
HVWDEOLVK FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG WUDQVPLVVLRQ RI YDOXHV ZLWK
WKHIDPLO\DQGZLWKSHRSOHVLWXDWHGWRDQRWKHUH[WUHPHRI
WKH QHWZRUN LQ WUDQVQDWLRQDO VLWXDWLRQ EHFDXVH RI WR WKH
GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH PHGLD WXUQV XV LQWR EHFRPH XV LQ
DFWLYHYLHZHUVDQGLQYLUWXDOHPLJUDQWVWKDWH[SHULHQFHWKH
LQWHUSHUVRQDOFLWL]HQFRH[LVWHQFHIURPWKHPHGLD
1RZZHOOLIWKHUHLVHGXFDWLRQIRUWKHFLWL]HQFRH[LVWHQFH
ZKRVHDLPLVWKHFLYLFGHYHORSPHQWWKHUHLVQRWUHDVRQWR
FXW WKH ÀRZ RI WKH LGHD DQG QRW DVVXPLQJ WKH SRVVLELOLW\
WRJHQHUDWHIDYRXUDEOHDWWLWXGHWRWKHFRPPLWPHQWZLWKWKH
LGHDRIWHUULWRULDOIUDPHZRUNIXUWKHURIP\FRXQWU\DQGIDFH
IURPIRXUWKJHQHUDWLRQULJKWVWKHFLWL]HQFRH[LVWHQFHZLWK
VHQVH RI WUDQVQDWLRQDO SDUWQHUVKLS VROLGDU\ FRRSHUDWLRQ
DQGWKHUHIRUHSODQHWDU\,WWUHDWVWRJREH\RQGRIWKHSRZHU
RILQWHUSHUVRQDOUHODWLRQVKLSWKDWSURYLGHVWKHFXOWXUDODQG
WHFKQRORJLFDOPHDQVDVDPHDQVLQVWDOOHGLQWKHULJKWVRI
WKLUGJHQHUDWLRQWKDWLVWRVD\DVDPHDQVWKDWOHWSHUVRQV
JURZLQLGHQWLW\DQGGLYHUVLW\,WLVQHFHVVDU\WRJRWRWKH
O
k
d
o
e
f
f
k
g
n
h
j
b
h
d
d
i
e
c
o
H
o
g
e
c
j
h
c
p
l
g
b
k
h
l
j
f
b
m
k
c
n
b
i
c
e
$FWXDOPHQWHODFXHVWLyQWUDGLFLRQDOGHODLQGLYLGXDOL]DFLyQ
\ODVRFLDOL]DFLyQHQODHGXFDFLyQVHUHVXHOYHDWHQGLHQGR
D ORV FRQFHSWRV GH LQWHUFXOWXUDOLGDG TXH LPSOLFD ORV
SULQFLSLRV GH GLYHUVLGDG \ GLIHUHQFLD FRQYLYHQFLD TXH
LPSOLFD HO SULQFLSLR GH LGHQWLGDG \ GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR
TXH HV XQD FRQYLYHQFLD FXDOL¿FDGD \ HVSHFL¿FDGD HQ XQ
PDUFR WHUULWRULDO TXH LPSOLFD FRQYHUJHQFLD GH LGHQWLGDG
GLYHUVLGDG\ORFDOL]DFLyQ
(OWUDVIRQGRFXOWXUDOGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHFRQYLYHQGHQWUR
GHORVPDUFRVWHUULWRULDOHVOHJDOPHQWHHVWDEOHFLGRVVREUH
OD EDVH GHO UHFRQRFLPLHQWR \ OD JDUDQWtD GH ORV GHUHFKRV
\ODVOLEHUWDGHVHQODVVRFLHGDGHVGHPRFUiWLFDVFRPSOHMDV
DELHUWDV\SOXUDOLVWDVVHKDPRGL¿FDGRGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYD
GHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFR\GHOUHVSHWRDORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV
/D VRFLHGDG FLYLO \ HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR WLHQHQ XQ OXJDU
HVSHFLDO HQ QXHVWUD VRFLHGDG GHVDUUROODGD /D VRFLHGDG
FLYLO HV VLQ OXJDU D GXGDV DJHQWH PRUDO HQ HVWH SURFHVR
\DGHPiVHQWDQWRTXHGHUHFKRGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQTXH
DIHFWDDODLGHQWLGDG\DODGLYHUVLGDGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRVH
JORFDOL]DHVORFDO\JOREDODOPLVPRWLHPSR7RXULxiQ'LU
7RXULxiQ D \ E %RUMD \ &DVWHOOV
%HUJHU\+XQWLQJWRQ
/DJOREDOL]DFLyQSXHGHVHULGHQWL¿FDGDFRPRXQSURFHVR
GHFUHFLHQWHLQWHUFRPXQLFDFLyQGHODVFXOWXUDV LPSUHJQD
WRGDVODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHODVRFLHGDGWDQWRHQVXGLQiPLFD
LQWHUQD FRPR HQ VX SUR\HFFLyQ H[WHUQD D ODV UHODFLRQHV
LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV 6H SXHGH VHU PiV R PHQRV FRQVFLHQWH GH
TXHODJOREDOL]DFLyQHVHOIHQyPHQRTXHPHMRUFDUDFWHUL]D
HOPXQGRDFWXDOVHSXHGHHVWDUUD]RQDEOHPHQWHRULHQWDGR
R WRUSHPHQWH FRQIXQGLGR UHVSHFWR GH VX VHQWLGR SHUR HV
LPSRVLEOHLJQRUDUHOQXHYRUXPERTXHPDUFDDOIXWXURGHO
PXQGR$OWDUHMRV5RGUtJXH]\)RQWWURGRQD$WWLQj
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
LGHQWLWDU\FXOWXUDOGHYHORSPHQWDQGH[HUFLVHGLQDWHUULWRULDO
f
c
I S N N
IURPWKHKXPDQULJKWVRIWKHSHUVRQEXWLQDXQLTXHZD\RQ
WKHULJKWVRIWKLUGJHQHUDWLRQWKDWDUHOLQNHGWRWKHVRFLDO
b
N 5
WKHVXEMHFWWKHWUDLQLQJIRUWKHLGHQWLW\DQGWKHGLYHUVLW\LV
a
3
GHYHORSPHQW )URP WKLV SHUVSHFWLYH RI DSSUR[LPDWLRQ WR
`
V O L
HGXFDWLRQ IRU WKH GLYHUVLW\ WKH LGHQWLW\ DQG WKH FLYLF
M a y o
%\ SULQFLSOH RI PHDQLQJ WKH YDOXHV GHULYHG RI WKH WKLUG
JHQHUDWLRQ ULJKWV FRQVROLGDWH DV IRXQGDWLRQV RI WKH
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
FROHFWLYDEDMRODJDUDQWtDGHUHVHUYDUVHHOGHUHFKRGHHQWUDU
E9DULRV
\VDOLUHQFDGDRSRUWXQLGDGFXOWXUDOTXHVLHPSUHUHSUHVHQWD
(VWH DFRQWHFLPLHQWR VLQJXODU VH SUHVHQWD QR VyOR FRPR
GHUHFKRV VLQR WDPELpQ FRPR XQD FXHVWLyQ D[LROyJLFD \
GHFRPSURPLVRpWLFRUHODWLYRDORTXHHVWDPRVGLVSXHVWRV
D DVXPLU HQ HO PDUFR GH FRQYLYHQFLD WHUULWRULDOL]DGR (O
UHVXOWDGR HTXLOLEUDGR TXH D~Q QR HVWi FRQVHJXLGR QR VH
ORJUD EXVFDQGR OD FRQIURQWDFLyQ VLQR EXVFDQGR VLQHUJLDV
FDSD]GHHQWUDU\VDOLUGHODVGLYHUVDVFUHDFLRQHVFXOWXUDOHV
VLQTXHHOORVXSRQJDXQDWHQWDGRDVXGLJQLGDG\DXWRQRPtD
\ FRQ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH UHDOL]DU ³GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV´ HQWUH
HOODVSRUTXHVXIRUPDFLyQ\VX\RPXOWLIDFpWLFROHGRWDQ
GHFRPSHWHQFLDVSDUDHOOR7RXULxiQD
$KRUD ELHQ VL HVWR HV DVt ¢SRU TXp WHQJR TXH YHU HVD
GHVGH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH LPSOLFDQ
\D
WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ JORFDOL]DFLyQ WHUULWRULDOL]DGD SDUD
(Q HO PDUFR GH OD LGHQWLGDG \ OD GLYHUVLGDG ORV GHUHFKRV
KDFHU FRQYHUJHU LGHQWLGDG \ GLYHUVLGDG HQ XQ WHUULWRULR
FRPELQDQGR LQWHJUDFLyQ WHUULWRULDO GH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV H
FRPRFRQGLFLRQHVLQKHUHQWHVTXHGDQVHQWLGRDODLQFOXVLyQ
GHODFXOWXUDGHOLPLWDGDWHUULWRULDOPHQWHGDOXJDUDPRGHORV
GHLQWHJUDFLyQWHUULWRULDOGHODGLIHUHQFLDV\DPRGHORVGH
LQFOXVLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH OD GLYHUVLGDG (Q ORV GHUHFKRV
FXOWXUDOHV VRFLRLGHQWLWDULRV HV SUHFLVR PDQWHQHU XQLGRV
WHUULWRULDOLGDG WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ JORFDOL]DFLyQ SDUD QR
SHUGHUHOVHQWLGRGHODLGHQWLGDG\ODGLYHUVLGDG(OGHVDUUROOR
FtYLFR HV VX UHIHUHQWH PiV GHVWDFDGR HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG HQ
WDQWRTXHFRQYHUJHQFLDHQWUHLGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQXQ
PDUFROHJDOWHUULWRULDOL]DGR(QSHUVSHFWLYDSHGDJyJLFDOD
HGXFDFLyQSDUDODFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDDSDUHFHDVtFRPR
XQDIRUPDFLyQHVSHFL¿FDGDHVIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR
FtYLFRTXHHVIRUPDFLyQYLQFXODGDDOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOD
UHODFLyQHQWUHORVSULQFLSLRVGHOHJDOLGDG\OHJLWLPLGDGHQ
FDGDSHUVRQDFRPRDJHQWHVGHFRQYLYHQFLDFRQVLJRPLVPR
\ FRQ HO RWUR OR RWUR \ ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HQ XQ HVSDFLR
FXDOL¿FDGR \ HVSHFL¿FDGR FRPR HVSDFLR FLXGDGDQR HO GH
OD HGXFDFLyQ LQH[FXVDEOHPHQWH GHEH VHU UHIHULGR D XQ
VHU VLWXDGR SHUR WDPELpQ D XQ VXMHWR FRQ FDSDFLGDG GH
GLVWDQFLDPLHQWR GHVGH \ VREUH ORV FRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRV
FXOWXUDOHV3UHFLVDPHQWHSRUHVRHOGHVDItRGHOVLJOR;;,HV
HOGHVDItRGHODPXQGLDOL]DFLyQXQD³WLHUUDSDWULD´GHWRGRV
ORVKXPDQRVHQODTXHODVLQVWDQFLDVGHQLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDO
VHDQFDSDFHVGHOXFKDUFRQWUDORVPiVJUDYHVSHOLJURVVHDQ
HVWRVSHOLJURVGHULYDGRVGHODJOREDOL]DFLyQRGHOH[DFHUEDGR
VHQWLGRGHORFDOLGDG/DIRUPDFLyQHQGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUD
JHQHUDFLyQDSXQWDHQODGLUHFFLyQGHODOLEHUWDGSDUDWRGDV
ODVFLYLOL]DFLRQHVSDUDTXHVHUHIRUPHQ\HYROXFLRQHQHQOD
GLUHFFLyQ GH JDUDQWL]DU OD RSRUWXQLGDG GH VDOLU GHO SURSLR
PDUFR HV GHFLU SURPRYHU XQ PDUFR RULHQWDGR D IDFLOLWDU
ODFUHDFLyQGHXQPXQGRGHJHQWHVFDSDFHVGHUHVLVWLUODV
IRUPDVGHVSyWLFDVGHODDXWRULGDGS~EOLFDGHVXSURSLRSDtV
VHDQ HVWDV DXWRULGDGHV SROtWLFDV VRFLDOHV HFRQyPLFDV R
FXOWXUDOHV%RUPDQ'DQ]LJ\*DUFtD3pUH]'tD]
'HKHVD&RUWLQD5RPD\%HFDUtD
9DOFiUFHO5RPD
ODLQWHUDFFLyQHQWUHLGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQHOHQWRUQRGH
GHUHFKRV\OLEHUWDGHVTXHHVHOPDUFROHJDOWHUULWRULDOL]DGR
(VWRHVDVtSRUTXHODWHQVLyQHQWUHODGHIHQVDGHODSURSLD
FRPXQLGDG\HOLPSHUDWLYRGHPXQGLDOL]DFLyQIXHU]DDORV
GHODFRQYLYHQFLD7RXULxiQ'LU
LQGLYLGXRVDHQIUHQWDUVHDODYH]FRQXQDDOWHULGDGUHGXFLGD
\XQDDOWHULGDGTXHFUHFHH[SRQHQFLDOPHQWH\HVWRH[LJH
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
t
s
x
v
y
z
{
|
}
v
s
v
r
u
~
r

v
s
s
t
u
u
t
y
€

z
y
t
‚
~
r

~
r
u
v
UHSODQWHDUORVSUREOHPDVGHVGHXQDpWLFDHODERUDGDDSDUWLU
}
r
s

}
r
y
ƒ
z

v
~
r
u
t

~
r
s
r
y
„
t

~
r
ƒ
r
s
y
r
s
v
…
r
|
r
s
v
y
z
{
|
‚
u
u
r

v
GH OD VLQJXODULGDG GH ODV VLWXDFLRQHV \ OD YLJHQFLD GH
r
s
|
r

ƒ
t
€
w
†
|
t
s
}
x
u
v
†
ƒ

z
w

t
t
s
y
x
t
v
|

ƒ
z

z

ƒ
t
r
‡
r
†
|
r

r
}
s
r

r
|
ƒ
v
y
t
x
t
s
r
ƒ
t
‚
r
u
SHQVDU\FUHHUHQHOLQGLYLGXR
FRPRVHUFDSD]GHFRPELQDUODFXOWXUDXQLYHUVDOL]DGD\OD
FLUFXQGDQWHUHDOL]DQGR³GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV´GHXQDDRWUDVLQ
SUREOHPDVSRUTXHVX\RPXOWLIDFpWLFRHVWiLQHYLWDEOHPHQWH
DELHUWRDLQÀXHQFLDVSURFHGHQWHVGHIXHUDGHVXFRQWRUQR
ORV YDORUHV IXQGDGD HQ VX FDUiFWHU UHODFLRQDO $EGDOODK
3UHWFHLOOH /HVVQRII .\POLFND \ 6WUDHKOH
6DXFD \ :HQFHV .XSHU ÈJXLOD \
9DOOHVStQ2UWHJD
3HUR D PD\RU DEXQGDPLHQWR VL FRQWHPSODPRV HVWD
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
DODGLYHUVLGDG\DODLGHQWLGDGTXHVRQGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUD
JHQHUDFLyQ /D DUWLFXODFLyQ GH HVRV GHUHFKRV HQ HO PDUFR
LQFOXVLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH OD GLYHUVLGDG HO GHUHFKR D
I S N N
SRUTXH OD WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ OD JORFDOL]DFLyQ DSDUHFHQ
N 5
GHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQPDWL]DQHOVHQWLGRGHWHUULWRULDOLGDG
3
GHVDUUROOR LGHQWLGDG \ GLYHUVL¿FDFLyQ 7RXULxiQ D
V O L
PDUFROHJDOWHUULWRULDOL]DGR"6LFRQWHPSODPRVODFXHVWLyQ
M a y o
SRVLELOLGDG VyOR SDUD PL SXHEOR SDUD PL SDtV SDUD PL
HGXFDWLYRV \ ODV FRPXQLGDGHV FRPR LQVWUXPHQWRV GH
-
\ OtQHDV GH FRQYHUJHQFLD TXH LGHQWL¿TXHQ ORV VLVWHPDV
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
XQD FXHVWLyQ GH KHFKR \ FRPR XQD FXHVWLyQ OHJDO GH
HORWUR\ORRWUR(OUHWRHVSHQVDUHQHOLQGLYLGXRFRPRVHU
B o l e t í n
HOGHUHFKRDFRPELQDUOLEUHPHQWHODH[SHULHQFLDSHUVRQDO\
6WLJOLW] \ 7RXULxiQ D \ E \
·
&DVWHOOV 2UWHJD \ 0tQJXH] 6,' 8
/DFXHVWLyQQRHVHOGHUHFKRDXQDFXOWXUDXQLYHUVDOVLQR
·
%HFN %HUJHU \ +XQWLQJWRQ %RUMD \
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
FXHVWLyQ GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
·
HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO
9
HOPDUFRGHOYROXQWDULDGR\VHFRQYLHUWHHQXQDRSFLyQ\
ORV DYDQFHV FLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFRV \ HO SURJUHVR PRUDO
VH UHIXHU]D HO VHQWLGR GH VRFLHGDG FLYLOFRPR XQ DJHQWH
PRUDO\HOGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFRPRREMHWLYRGHIRUPDFLyQ
SULRULWDULR\GHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGFRPSDUWLGDHQODHGXFDFLyQ
/DSURSXHVWDDIHFWDDFDGDLQGLYLGXR\ODGHFLVLyQGHOVXMHWR
~
r

v
s
s
t
u
u
t
y
€

z
y
t
ˆ
v
u
z
v
|
‰
v
~
r
Š
y
z

z
u
z
‰
v
y
z
{
|
‹
7RXUDLQH'HORUV
GH ORV SXHEORV DO DPSDUR GH ORV DYDQFHV FLHQWt¿FR
WHFQROyJLFRVDSOLFDGRVPHGLDQWHDFXHUGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
ELODWHUDOHVRPXOWLODWHUDOHVHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRDOFDQ]DXQD
QXHYDGLPHQVLyQFRPRFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULD
1XHVWUDSURSXHVWDHVTXHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGH
ORVSXHEORVHVXQDSURSXHVWDYLQFXODGDDORVGHUHFKRVGH
FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH IRUWDOHFH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
SODQHWDULDIRUPDQGRHQFDGDSXHEORGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRVGH
GHVDUUROORLQQRYDFLyQFRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDG6HWUDWD
GHDERUGDUXQDQXHYDGLPHQVLyQGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFX\D
YLDELOLGDGQLHVWiDOPDUJHQGHODVSROtWLFDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHV
QLDQXODODDFFLyQGHFRRSHUDFLyQEDMRODIRUPDGHD\XGD
KXPDQLWDULDFHQWUDGDHQDVLVWHQFLD\FXLGDGRVGHSULPHURV
DX[LOLRVSHURTXHVHFHQWUDHQODDFFLyQHGXFDGRUDGHOD
FRRSHUDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORHQWUHORVSXHEORVEDMRIRUPDV
GHFRQVWUXFFLyQLQGLYLGXDO\VRFLDO\FRPRFRQYHUJHQFLDGH
LGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQFDGDWHUULWRULR1XHVWURSRVWXODGR
HVTXHHOGHVDUUROORVHFRQVWUX\HFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ
\ TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VH YLQFXOD D ORV
GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH H[LJHQ FRRSHUDFLyQ \
VROLGDULGDG\DORVSULQFLSLRVGHLQQRYDFLyQDFFHVLELOLGDG
UHFHSWLYLGDG\ÀH[LELOLGDGGHXQPRGRWDOTXHODHGXFDFLyQ
SDUDHOGHVDUUROORHVXQHVFDOyQQHFHVDULRHQODFRQYLYHQFLD
FLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULD\UHFODPDIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOFRQVXPR
UHVSRQVDEOH HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR \ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HQ OD
g
f
j
O
m
j
k
Z
h
b
d
c
e
c
e
j
h
e
b
l
n
k
h
c
l
c
k
m
e
o
j
?
d
b
h
d
k
n
j
O
b
h
m
e
k
O
g
k
j
f
d
n
j
f
k
h
c
e
j
c
j
< GHFLPRV FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD \ QR VROR
FRQYLYHQFLD SODQHWDULD SRUTXH OD FRQYLYHQFLD GHQWUR
GHO SODQHWD HV VLHPSUH GHVGH OD YLJHQFLD GH ORV GHUHFKRV
GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH UHFRQRFHQ OD FLXGDGDQtD HO
GHVDUUROORFtYLFR\ODSHUWHQHQFLDDXQDFXOWXUD\FLYLOL]DFLyQ
FRQFUHWDHQXQWHUULWRULRGHOLPLWDGROHJDOPHQWH
/RV GHUHFKRV VRQ VXPDWLYRV QR UHVWDQ 'HIHQGHU XQ
GHUHFKR GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR LPSOLFD DQXODU ORV GH
WHUFHUDHVGHFLUQRVHMXVWL¿FDGHVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWD
JHQHUDFLyQODD\XGDDRWURSDtVRFXOWXUDSDUDFRORQL]DUOR
VLQRTXHUHFRQRFLHQGRFRPREDVHHOGHUHFKRDODGLYHUVLGDG
\DODLGHQWLGDGGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQVHFRRSHUD
DO GHVDUUROOR GHO RWUR SDtV SDUD DXPHQWDU VX FDSDFLGDG
GH VREUHYLYLU \ DGDSWDUVH VLQ UHQXQFLDU D VX KLVWRULD \
FRQGLFLyQ FXOWXUDO 'H DTXt QR VH VLJXH WDPSRFR TXH OD
FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR H[LMD D\XGDU D SHUSHWXDU HQ XQ
SDtVWUDGLFLRQHVTXHYDQHQFRQWUDGHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FR
WHFQROyJLFR \ HO SURJUHVR PRUDO GH OD VRFLHGDG 6HUtD
FRQWUDGLFWRULRHQORVWpUPLQRVFRRSHUDUDOGHVDUUROORFRQXQ
SDtVSDUDSHUSHWXDUODDEODFLyQGHFOtWRULVRSDUDPDQWHQHUOD
GHVLJXDOGDGGHGHUHFKRVSDUDODFRQGLFLyQIHPHQLQDRSDUD
GHIHQGHU UHJtPHQHV WRWDOLWDULRV IXQGDPHQWDOLVWDV TXH GH
XQPRGRXRWURVRMX]JDQODGLJQLGDGKXPDQDGHORVRWURV
&XDOTXLHUGHUHFKRVXSRQHTXHVHUHVSHWDQORVGHODVRWUDV
FDWHJRUtDV<DVtODVFRVDVORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
PDQWLHQHQHOFDUiFWHUVXPDWLYR\VHFRQVWUX\HQUHVSHWDQGR
ORV GHPiV GHUHFKRV TXH VRQ DQWHULRUHV /D SURSXHVWD GH
FRPSURPLVR FRQ ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR HV
XQD SURSXHVWD HQ HO YDFtR VXSRQH XQ FRPSURPLVR PRUDO
FRQODGLJQLGDGGHODVSHUVRQDVORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVGH
QLYHOHV SUHYLRV HO SODQHWD FRPR HQWRUQR JOREDO \ QLFKR
HFROyJLFRHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFR\HOSURJUHVR
PRUDOGHODVRFLHGDG
'HVGH HVWD SHUVSHFWLYD OD UHODFLyQ HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR
FRRSHUDFLyQ HV XQD FXHVWLyQ IXQGDPHQWDO GH HGXFDFLyQ
SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FXDOL¿FDGD \ HVSHFL¿FDGD SRUTXH
JHQHUD XQDV FRQGLFLRQHV VLQJXODUHV \ XQ HVSDFLR SURSLR
TXH GHEH VHU FXLGDGR HGXFDWLYDPHQWH KDEODQGR GHQWUR
GHO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR
FRPR HVFDOyQ QHFHVDULR GHO HVSDFLR GH OD FRQYLYHQFLD
FLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDSRUTXHQRHVSRVLEOHODFRQYLYHQFLD
FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD VL QR KD\ GHVDUUROOR GH ORV SXHEORV
VDOYR TXH KDJDPRV GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
(QHOPDUFRGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQTXHVRQ
GHUHFKRV GH OD VROLGDULGDG OD FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO GHVDUUROOR
n
d
k
I S N N
3UHWFHLOOH 7RXULxiQ \ D +XQWLQJWRQ
j
j
o
c
N 5
\ DGDSWDFLyQ GHO KRPEUH FRPR FLXGDGDQR GHO PXQGR
SHURORFDOL]DGR0HGLQD&RUWLQD$EGDOODK
Ž
j
3
HVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWRH¿FD]GHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ
o
j
o
V O L
VDEHPRV DO
SDUD FRQYLYLU HQ XQ PXQGR PHMRU HQ HO TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ
?
M a y o
YROXQWDGHVSHUVRQDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVRULHQWDGRFRPR\D

-
DSDUHFH GH HVWH PRGR FRPR XQD FXHVWLyQ GH GHUHFKRV \
FRPR XQD FXHVWLyQ D[LROyJLFD \ GH FRPSURPLVR pWLFR GH
a
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
GH ODV VRFLHGDGHV VH YLQFXOD SRU OD]RV GH VROLGDULGDG \
FRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORV(QHVWHFRQWH[WR
Œ
B o l e t í n
RSRUWXQLGDGGHFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDHQODTXH
·
JHQHUDFLyQODSURSXHVWD\VXVROXFLyQIRUPDWLYDWUDVFLHQGH
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
LQVWLWXFLRQDOGHOLEHUWDGHVUHDOHV
SDUDODHGXFDFLyQHQYDORUHV
1 0
FRQWUDGLFWRULRFRQORGHWHUPLQDGR
·
XQDSURSXHVWDHQHOYDFtR\QRXQFRPSURPLVRSHUVRQDOH
·
/R TXH GHFLPRV HQ IRUPDFLyQ
x
SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
REMHWLYR GH IRUPDFLyQ SULRULWDULR \ GH UHVSRQVDELOLGDG
FRPSDUWLGDHQODHGXFDFLyQ/DSURSXHVWDGHFRQYLYHQFLD
SODQHWDULDGHEHVHUFRKHUHQWH\QR
FRQWUDGLFWRULRFRQORGHWHUPLQDGR
FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD DIHFWD D ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV \ D FDGD
SDUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQHGXFDWLYDGH
LQGLYLGXR\ODGHFLVLyQGHOVXMHWRGHDVXPLUODRQRDSDUHFH
ODFRQYLYHQFLD
GHHVWHPRGRFRPRXQDFXHVWLyQGHGHUHFKRV\FRPRXQD
/R TXH GHFLPRV HQ IRUPDFLyQ
SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
x
FXHVWLyQD[LROyJLFD\GHFRPSURPLVRpWLFRIXQGDGRHQORV
YDORUHVGHODGLJQLGDGODOLEHUWDGODLJXDOGDGODGLYHUVLGDG
\HOGHVDUUROOR\HQODVFXDOLGDGHVSURSLDVGHODDXWRQRPtD
SODQHWDULD GHEH VHU FRKHUHQWH
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
FRPR XQ DJHQWH PRUDO \ HO GHO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR FRPR
B o l e t í n
(QHVWHFRQWH[WRVHUHIXHU]DHOVHQWLGRGHVRFLHGDGFLYLO
\ QR FRQWUDGLFWRULR FRQ OR
-
8Q FRPSURPLVR pWLFR GH YROXQWDGHV SHUVRQDOHV H
GHWHUPLQDGR SDUD OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ
LQVWLWXFLRQDOHV RULHQWDGR D OD
GHVDUUROORFtYLFRSDUDFRQYLYLUHQXQPXQGRPHMRUHQHO
M a y o
WHUULWRULDOL]DGD
ODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGODMXVWLFLDODLGHQWLGDG\ODFRRSHUDFLyQ
v
u
z
v
|
‰
v
~
r
Š
y
z

z
u
z
‰
v
y
z
{
|
GH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
‹
3

a
k
f
o
e
g
FRPXQLGDGHV FRPR LQVWUXPHQWRV GH GHVDUUROOR LGHQWLGDG
\ GLYHUVL¿FDFLyQ HQ HO PDUFR OHJDO WHUULWRULDOL]DGR HV
GHFLU FRPR IRFRV GH GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR HQ HO PDUFR GH OD
FRQYLYHQFLDPXQGLDO<HVWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHHOGHVDUUROOR
GHODFRQYLYHQFLDFtYLFDSODQHWDULDHVXQDUHVSRQVDELOLGDG
GHULYDGD\FRPSDUWLGDFRPRKHPRVYLVWRHQODHGXFDFLyQ
SDUDHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRGHWDOPDQHUDTXH
x
SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
SODQHWDULD GHEH VHU FRKHUHQWH
\ QR FRQWUDGLFWRULR FRQ OR TXH
VH SRVWXOD SDUD OD HGXFDFLyQ
HQ JHQHUDO TXH WLHQH FDUiFWHU
D[LROyJLFR LQWHJUDO SHUVRQDO
\ VHQWLGR
SHUPDQHQWH
JORFDO \ JHQHUDO SURIHVLRQDO
R YRFDFLRQDO \ RULHQWDFLyQ
IRUPDWLYD WHPSRUDO SDUD OD
FRQGLFLyQ KXPDQD LQGLYLGXDO
x
k
b
g
f
j
d
m
d
j
j
c
o
b
j
i
k
c
g
?
o
j
k
c
k
O
j
d
j

h
n
d
f
j
h
b
d
e
h
j
o
n
k
k
k
j
d
f
d
c
g
j
?
o
f
‘
c
j
j
d
H
c
i
c
j
?
n
e
b
h
h
f
i
Ž
k
o
e
e
o
k
i
o
h
c
c
e
b
l
k
k
d
j
O
c
k
l
f
j
g
j
o
c
h
b
j
j
&RPR \D VH KD GLFKR ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ
DIHFWDQGHPDQHUDHVSHFLDODODHGXFDFLyQSDUDODLGHQWLGDG
ODGLYHUVLGDG\ODWHUULWRULDOLGDG(QORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUD
JHQHUDFLyQ VH GHVYDQHFH HO VHQWLGR GH VXEVLGLR GH ORV
GHUHFKRVVRFLDOHV\VHPDWL]DHOVHQWLGRGHWHUULWRULDOLGDG
SRUTXH OD WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ OD JORFDOL]DFLyQ DSDUHFHQ
FRPRFRQGLFLRQHVLQKHUHQWHV+DEODPRVHQORVGHUHFKRVGH
WHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQGHLQWHJUDFLyQWHUULWRULDOGHGLIHUHQFLDV\
/R TXH GHFLPRV HQ IRUPDFLyQ
\ SDWULPRQLDO
LQWHUFXOWXUDO
h
c
k
e
b
h
g
GHLQFOXVLyQWUDQVQDFLRQDOGHODGLYHUVLGDG(QORVGHUHFKRV
FXOWXUDOHV VRFLRLGHQWLWDULRV HV SUHFLVR PDQWHQHU XQLGRV
WHUULWRULDOLGDG WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ JORFDOL]DFLyQ SDUD QR
SHUGHUHOVHQWLGRGHODLGHQWLGDG\ODGLYHUVLGDGHQHOPDUFR
WHUULWRULDOGHFRQYLYHQFLD7RXULxiQD\D
(QORV~OWLPRVDxRVVHKDFRPHQ]DGRDWRPDUFRQFLHQFLDGH
ODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHWLHQHHQORVSDtVHVGHOWHUFHUPXQGRHO
FRQFHSWRGHVXSHUYLYHQFLD\SDUWLFLSDFLyQHQORVEHQH¿FLRV
GHOGHVDUUROOR(VWDFRQFLHQFLDKDJHQHUDGRHOFRQFHSWRGH
GHUHFKRDOGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFRFRPRGHUHFKRDSDUWLFLSDU
HQHVHSURFHVR\GHUHFKRDREWHQHUXQDSDUWHHTXLWDWLYDGH
VXVEHQH¿FLRV7RXULxiQ
VRFLDO KLVWyULFD \ GH HVSHFLH
SODVPDGDHQODVPDWHULDVHVFRODUHV
'HVGH HVWD SHUVSHFWLYD HV SRVLEOH UHIHULUVH KR\ HQ GtD D
/R TXH GHFLPRV HQ IRUPDFLyQ
GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ FRPR UHVSXHVWD DO QXHYR PDUFR
FDUDFWHUL]DGR SRU ODV QXHYDV QHFHVLGDGHV \ YtQFXORV
SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
SODQHWDULDGHEHVHUFRKHUHQWH\QR
XQDQXHYDJHQHUDFLyQGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVORVGHUHFKRV
VRFLDOHVVXUJLGRVHQUHODFLyQFRQHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FRODV
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
ODFRQIURQWDFLyQVLQRODVLQHUJLD\ODFRQYHUJHQFLDGHOtQHDV
GH WUDEDMR TXH LGHQWL¿TXHQ ORV VLVWHPDV HGXFDWLYRV \ ODV
’
?
I S N N

/DSURSXHVWDGHFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDQREXVFD
j
h
n
N 5
GHOPXQGRSHURORFDOL]DGR
V O L
TXHODHGXFDFLyQHVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWRH¿FD]GH
WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ \ DGDSWDFLyQ GHO KRPEUH FRPR FLXGDGDQR
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
FRPR FRQGLFLRQHV LQKHUHQWHV GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD
MXQWR FRQ ORV GHUHFKRV GHULYDGRV GH ORV DYDQFHV GHO
JHQHUDFLyQ \D QR KDEODPRV VLPSOHPHQWH GH GHUHFKRV
GHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFRHQHOiPELWRJHQpWLFR\HQ
VRFLDOHVTXHUHTXLHUHQODVXEVLGLDFLyQGHO(VWDGRFRQXQRV
HOHQWRUQRDPELHQWDOORVGHUHFKRVPiVVLJQL¿FDWLYRVHQHVH
JUXSR
PHGLRVTXHQRSHUWHQHFHQDQLQJ~QLQGLYLGXRHQSDUWLFXODU
KDEODPRVGHGHUHFKRVTXHUHFODPDQODFRRSHUDFLyQSRVLWLYD
WHUULWRULDOHV(VWRPRGL¿FDHOFDUiFWHUGHWHUULWRULDOLGDGGHO
KDFLD OD GLYHUVLGDG FXOWXUDO \ VRFLRLGHQWLWDULD FRQVROLGD
(VWDGR\HOVHQWLGRGHOFRPSURPLVRGHOD6RFLHGDGFLYLO
ODWHVLVGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQVROLGDULDGHGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWD
GHVDUUROOR \ HO (VWDGR QR HVWi SRU HQFLPD GH ODV UHJODV
IRUPDGHDVLPLODFLyQ³H[WUDQMHUD´VLQREDMRODSRVLELOLGDG
GH MXHJR 6RQ XQDV QXHYDV UHJODV GH MXHJR HQ ODV TXH
GHODLQQRYDFLyQHQFDGDSXHEORPHUFHGDOFXOWLYRGHORV
SULQFLSLRV GH DFFHVLELOLGDG ÀH[LELOLGDG \ UHFHSWLYLGDG
(VWDGR 6RFLHGDG FLYLO \ HO 0HUFDGR VRQ FRUUHVSRQVDEOHV
GHOGHVDUUROORPXQGLDOTXHSODQWHDSUREOHPDVHPHUJHQWHV
SURSLRVGHODLQQRYDFLyQSDUDJHQHUDUHQFDGDSXHEORFRQ
GHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVTXHUHTXLHUHQ
YLVLyQGHHVFDODVRVWHQLEOHWHFQRORJtDDXWyFWRQD\DVLPLODU
VROXFLRQHVDGHFXDGDVWDOFRPRVHUHVXPHHQHO&XDGUR
ODTXH\DH[LVWHSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR\HOHPSUHQGLPLHQWR
¦
§
¨
©
ª
«
¬
·
­
¸
®
¹
¯
º
®
»
°
ª
¦
®
”
•
–
—
˜
™
š
ª
›
•
°
®
—
•
±
›
œ

—
ž
ª
Ÿ
•
›
ž
¡
–

¢
²
˜
£
–
§
³
¾
¾
¾
¼
¿
¸
À
Á
É
Í
»
Â
Î
»
Â
Ã
¸
»
Æ
º
¹
Â
»
Ç
É
Æ
¸
¾
É
×
¼
¾
¿
À
½
Ð
Â
Ó
º
Â
¿
¼
Ã
À
¼
»
¿
¼
Ø
Â
Ò
Á
Â
»
Â
Ã
º
Ï
Ô
¼
¿
¸
À
Ð
¾
¾
¸
Ç
¸
Ã
Â
À
Ç
º
¼
Ú
Ð
½
Æ
¸
¿
º
À
Ï
¼
¼
¿
¸
À
É
Þ
á
Â
»
Ç
¼
Â
Ã
Æ
¼
×
Û
¼
É
Ø
É
Ã
Ç
¼
Æ
Â
»
Ç
º
¾
¿
¾
¼
Ø
ß
Â
â
¿
»
ß
Ó
Ê
Ã
¼
º
»
À
Ã
Ü
Ò
Á
Â
»
Â
Ã
º
¿
Â
Û
Æ
Ï
¼
»
Æ
º
Â
Ô
Â
¿
¸
À
Í
»
Ç
Â
Ã
»
º
¾
ä
¸
´
§
³
®
«
§
«
É
Æ
º
Æ
Ë
¸
Ç
¼
»
¼
¹
Ì
º
Á
Â
»
Â
Ã
º
¿
Ã
º
¿
Ó
Ï
É
Ô
Ô
Â
Ã
Ç
º
Æ
Õ
Â
À
Ö
¼
»
À
É
¾
É
º
Æ
º
Æ
à
Ò
å
Ò
Ó
Ê
¾
Í
¸
É
º
Æ
º
Æ
Ý
¸
À
Ç
É
¿
º
Ä
¾
¿
¼
Ð
É
º
É
¼
Ê
»
»
»
É
Ç
¼
»
ã
º
Ã
À
¾
Ç
Â
Ã
É
¼
Æ
Â
»
È
Ç
Æ
º
Æ
É
Î
É
Â
Ã
É
À
Æ
º
Æ
Û
á
É
Æ
Â
Ã
Ä
º
Ã
Â
Ã
Â
À
¼
º
¾
¾
º
¾
º
É
Í
á
¼
¾
¿
Ó
»
É
½
¶
Ê
¿
¾
¹
§
¼
É
¼
Ô
Â
£
Ä
Ã
É
º
¾
¿
˜
º
É
Ç
¾
Ã
É
Ì
Æ
ß
¡
Ø
É
º
É
¿
É
¼
É
»
É
½
•
Î
Ç
Î
Ã
É
º
µ
¥
Ã
É
¿
¾
Þ
´
”
Ä
»
É
Ù
È
º
¿
É
É
Â
½
©
¤
Ä
É
¹
Ô
£
º
É
»
¦
˜
º
Ï
¸
¤
¾
Æ
¿
ª
›
Ä
É
¼

º
Ñ
½
—
¼
Å
½

2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
“
º
Ä
Ç
Â
Ã
º
Ø
Á
Â
»
Â
Ó
È
»
¾
Â
À
º
Ã
Ã
¼
¾
É
¼
I S N N
GH OD DVXQFLyQ GH HVRV GHUHFKRV VH FDPELD HO PDUFR GH
HVFyPRFUHFHUMXQWRVDFHSWDQGRODGLYHUVLGDG\QREDMROD
N 5
ORJUDUODYRFDFLyQFRP~QGHVHUSHUVRQDV/DFXHVWLyQFODYH
3
(VWDGRVSDUDFRQMXJDUVREHUDQtD\VXEVLGLDULHGDG$SDUWLU
V O L
SHUVRQDO VLQR TXH HO RWUR HV DTXHO FRQ TXLHQ SRGUHPRV
M a y o
(QHOPDUFRGHORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQHOMXHJR
GHO GHVDUUROOR QR HVWi HQ XQ HTXLOLEULR SDFWDGR HQWUH ORV
-
JHQHUDFLyQ SXHV HQ OD FRQVROLGDFLyQ GH OD GLYHUVLGDG QR
HVHORWURTXLHQQRVLPSRQHORVOtPLWHVDQXHVWURGHVDUUROOR
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
GHORVHVWDGRV\GHODVRFLHGDGFLYLOPiVDOOiGHODVIURQWHUDV
/DRULHQWDFLyQSURSLDGHORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQ
B o l e t í n
GH HQWHQGHU OD WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ OD JORFDOL]DFLyQ
VRVWHQLEOH HO FRQVXPR UD]RQDEOH \ HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR
·
OD OLEHUWDG GH H[SUHVLyQ HQ HO FLEHUHVSDFLR HO GHVDUUROOR
1 1
(OKHFKRHVTXHXQDYH]TXHVHDVXPHQODVFRQVHFXHQFLDV
·
QXHYDVWHFQRORJtDV\ODVRFLHGDGGHODLQIRUPDFLyQVLHQGR
Þ
¼
¼
Ö
Â
Ã
º
¿
Ó
»
Â
»
¿
º
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
·
æ
ç
è
é
ê
ë
ì
í
î
ë
ì
ë
ç
ï
ë
ð
ñ
ë
î
ÿ
õ
ø
ò
û
ù
ò
ò
õ
ü
ò
ó
ú
ò
ù
1 2
ò
ó
ô
ò
õ
ò
ö
÷
ø
ù
ô
ò
ú
ò
õ
ö
ò
õ
û
ü
ò
ó
ò
õ
û
ö
ý
þ
ó
ò
ó
ô
ò
õ
ò
ö
÷
ø
ù
ô
ò
ö
û
õ
ú
û
ü
ò
ó
ò
õ
û
ö
ý
þ
ó
·
^ŽƐƚĞŶŝďŝůŝĚĂĚ
ŽŶǀŝǀĞŶĐŝĂ
DƵŶĚŽǀŝƌƚƵĂů
/ŶƚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂůŝĚĂĚ
^ĞŶƟĚŽďŝŽĠƟĐŽ
EĂĐŝŽŶĂůŝĚĂĚ
^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚĚĞůĐŽŶŽĐŝŵŝĞŶƚŽ
ZĞůŝŐŝŽƐŝĚĂĚ
ĐŽůŽŐŝƐŵŽ
B o l e t í n
ŝǀŝůŝĚĂĚ
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
-
M a y o
HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR 7DPELpQ HV YHUGDG TXH ORV WHPDV
WUDQVYHUVDOHV VRQ XQ GHQRPLQDGRU FRP~Q GH ORV VLVWHPDV
QXHYRVUDVJRVTXHFRQ¿JXUDQHOPXQGRGHOQXHYRPLOHQLR
FRKHUHQFLDIDYRUHFHUHQHOiPELWRGHODVDFWLWXGHVKXPDQDV
VRQ WDQ SHFXOLDUHV HQ FXDQWR DO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH \
OD FUHDFLyQ R DJUXSDFLyQ GH HVWUDWHJLDV LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUHV
UD]RQDEOHTXHMXVWL¿FDODSUHVHQFLDIRUPDOGHXQDGLVFLSOLQD
VREUHHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORHQODVHVFXHODVVRSHQD
TXHSHUPLWDQIRPHQWDUXQDDFWLWXGSRVLWLYD\FRPSURPHWLGD
KDFLDWRGRDTXHOORTXHJHQpULFDPHQWHVHLGHQWL¿FDFRQHO
OHPDGH
!
"
#
6HJ~Q FRQVWD HQ HO
$
%
&
$
$
'
%
%
'
%
'
&
#
(
%
'
&
)
H[LJHQ FRORFDU OD WUDQVQDFLRQDOLGDG \ OD JORFDOL]DFLyQ
+
'
"
$
'
!
"
,
-
"
.
$
/
KWWSZZZGLFFKHJRDHKX
HVOLVWDUPRVWUDU FRQVXOWD GH GH DEULO GH IXH
'
'
#
$
!
"
%
GH QR DWHQGHU GHELGDPHQWH DO FRPSURPLVR TXH H[LJHQ
HVWRV QXHYRV GHUHFKRV TXH WLHQHQ VX OXJDU SURSLR \ QRV
*
&
$
$
'
%
%
'
OD &RPLVLyQ GH 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV GH OD 218 TXLHQ
UHFRQRFLy SRU SULPHUD YH] GH IRUPD R¿FLDO OD H[LVWHQFLD
GHO GHVDUUROOR FRPR GHUHFKR PHGLDQWH OD UHVROXFLyQ ;;;,,, GH GH IHEUHUR GH HQ OD TXH VH SLGH DO
6HFUHWDULR*HQHUDOGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVTXHHIHFW~HXQ
HVWXGLRVREUH³ODVGLPHQVLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHOGHUHFKR
TXHVRQFRQGLFLRQHVLQKHUHQWHVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUD
JHQHUDFLyQHQODSHUVSHFWLYDGHOGHVDUUROORVROLGDULR\GH
ODFRRSHUDFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOSXHVGHORTXHVHKDEODHQORV
GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR HV GH OD LGHQWLGDG \ OD
GLYHUVLGDGHQPLPDUFRWHUULWRULDOVLQRGHFRRSHUDFLyQDO
GHVDUUROOR SRUTXH VRPRV FLXGDGDQRV GHO PXQGR \ OR TXH
RFXUUHHQRWUDVSDUWHVQRVDIHFWD
1R FUHR TXH VHD HVWH HO OXJDU DGHFXDGR SDUD GHVDUUROODU
DOGHVDUUROORFRPRGHUHFKRKXPDQR´(QOD&RPLVLyQ
XQ SURJUDPD GH HVH WLSR SHUR UHVXOWD REYLR TXH HV
GH 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV HQ VX UHVROXFLyQ ;;;9 GH SRVLEOH GH¿QLU FRQ FRKHUHQFLD \ GH PDQHUD LQWHJUDGD
GH PDU]R ³UHLWHUD TXH HO GHUHFKR DO GHVDUUROOR HV XQ
XQDVFRPSHWHQFLDVVXVFHSWLEOHVGHVHUDJOXWLQDGDVEDMROD
GHUHFKRKXPDQR\TXHODLJXDOGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHVXQD
GHQRPLQDFLyQJHQpULFDGH(GXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR
SUHUURJDWLYDWDQWRGHODVQDFLRQHVFRPRGHORVLQGLYLGXRV
TXH IRUPDQ ODV QDFLRQHV´ 7DPELpQ OD$VDPEOHD *HQHUDO
x
SHUPLWLU
GHUHFKRDOGHVDUUROORHVXQGHUHFKRKXPDQR´FRPRD¿UPD
5RGUtJXH] %HUQDO \ 8USt SS 815,6'
XQDPDQHUDUD]RQDGDHQHOiPELWRGHODUHODFLyQYDORUHV
GH
OD
FRPSUHQVLyQ
GHO PXQGR DFWXDO HQ VXV
PHFDQLVPRV\HQJUDQDMHV
ODSULPHUDGHHOODVODGHGHQRYLHPEUHGH
0H FRQVWD TXH OD OLWHUDWXUD SHGDJyJLFD KD DYDQ]DGR GH
FRQMXQWR
FRQRFLPLHQWRV FDSDFHV GH
GHOD218KDUHFRQRFLGRHQGLYHUVDVUHVROXFLRQHVTXH³HO
81(6&2
8Q
x
8Q
JUXSR
RULHQWDGRV
GH
YDORUHV
KDFLD
OD
SDUWLFLSDFLyQ FRQVFLHQWH HQ
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
ORVGHUHFKRVGHODFRRSHUDFLyQ\ODVROLGDULGDGH[LJHSRU
I S N N
DOOiGHORVWHPDVWUDQVYHUVDOHV6HWUDWDGHUHFRQRFHUTXHORV
N 5
HGXFDWLYRVPRGHUQRV3HURHQHVWHFDVRVHWUDWDGHLUPiV
HQ HO PDUFR GH UHODFLRQHV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV /D GHIHQVD GH
3
GHUHFKRVGHODVROLGDULGDGODFRRSHUDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORGH
ORVSXHEORVDODPSDURGHORVDYDQFHVFLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFRV
V O L
/RV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ DSDUHFHQ DVt FRPR
E D U C A C I Ó N
'
-
#
$
'
-
&
'
#
4
(
%
'
$
'
(
%
-
'
$
"
-
'
$
%
/
GHODLQVWLWXFLyQFRQODFXOWXUD\FRQHO
9DOFiUFHO (VWR PRGL¿FD HO FDUiFWHU GH
8Q
FRQMXQWR
GH
SURFHGLPLHQWRV FDSDFHV GH
WHUULWRULDOLGDGGHO(VWDGR\HOVHQWLGRGHOFRPSURPLVRGHOD
6RFLHGDGFLYLOFRPRSURSXHVWDGHFRUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGDQWH
XQDQXHYDPHQWDOLGDG
(VWDPRVFRQYHQFLGRVGHTXHHVXQUHWRLQHOXGLEOHDIURQWDU
\DFWXDUJOREDO\ORFDOPHQWH
HVWUDWHJLDVGHHQFXHQWURDWUDYpVGHODHGXFDFLyQSRUTXHOD
HQFDGDDFFLyQ
EUHFKDUDGLFDOHVWULEDHQTXHQRVHDVXPHHQVXVHQWLGRSOHQR
HOQXHYRSDSHOGHOD6RFLHGDGFLYLOTXHHQVXPD\RUtDGHHGDG
8QFRQMXQWRGHRULHQWDFLRQHV
KDFHQ
/DV VRFLHGDGHV GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR HVWiQ REOLJDGDV D
PRGL¿FDFLRQHV JOREDOHV HQ VXV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV $WWLQi
(VWDPRVREOLJDGRVDSODQWHDUODVYLHMDVGL¿FXOWDGHV
FRPR QXHYRV UHWRV FRQ OD ¿UPH FRQYLFFLyQ GH TXH OD
FXHVWLyQ QR HV XQ SUREOHPD GH QXHYRV PHGLRV \ PiV
PHGLRV VLQR PiV DFHUWDGDPHQWH XQ SUREOHPD GH QXHYD
RUJDQL]DFLyQ SRUTXH WDPELpQ ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV WLHQHQ
TXHHVWDUDODDOWXUDGHORVWLHPSRV/DWUDQVSDUHQFLDHVHO
UHIHUHQWH VHPiQWLFR GH OD FRKHUHQFLD FRPR FRPSURPLVR
PRUDOLQVWLWXFLRQDOHQHOiPELWRGHODFXOWXUD6HGLFHGHGRV
FRVDVTXHVRQFRKHUHQWHVFXDQGRHVWiQUHODFLRQDGDVHQWUH
Vt \ HVSHFLDOPHQWH FXDQGR HVWiQ UHODFLRQDGDV HQWUH Vt GH
HVSDFLR GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD DPSDUDGR
SRUORVGHUHFKRV\OLEHUWDGHVGHFDGDSXHEOR\IDYRUHFLGR
SRU ORV FRQYHQLRV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV GH FDUiFWHU ELODWHUDO \
PXOWLODWHUDO
&RPR KHPRV YLVWR \D HO VHQWLGR WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH ORV
GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ QRV KD SHUPLWLGR VDOLU
GH QXHVWUR PDUFR WHUULWRULDO FLXGDGDQR SRU PHGLR GH ODV
UHGHV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ H[SHULPHQWDU XQ FLHUWR PRGR
GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD PXQGLDOL]DGD HQ HO FRQWH[WR
GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ JOREDO /D SRVLELOLGDG GH HVWDEOHFHU
FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ WUDQVPLVLyQ GH YDORUHV HQ VLWXDFLyQ
WUDQVQDFLRQDOJUDFLDVDOGHVDUUROORGHORVQXHYRVPHGLRV
QRV FRQYLHUWH HQ HVSHFWDGRUHV DFWLYRV \ HQ HPLJUDQWHV
YLUWXDOHV TXH H[SHULPHQWDQ OD FRQYLYHQFLD LQWHUSHUVRQDO
FLXGDGDQD GHVGH HO PHGLR VLQ VDOLU GH QXHVWUD FRPXQLGDG
SDUWLFXODU
DFXHUGRFRQDOJ~QSDWUyQRPRGHOR'HVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWD
HQWUH
GH OD OyJLFD OD FRKHUHQFLD LPSOLFD
RIHUWD FXOWXUDO HODERUDGD H LGHRORJtD GH OD LQVWLWXFLyQ
(Q ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ HQ
$ VX YH] OD FRPSDWLELOLGDG H[SUHVD
OD FRQYLYHQFLD SODQHWDULD EDMR OD LGHD GH TXH HV SRVLEOH
'
-
#
'
"
0
.
'
(
$
-
%
GH XQD
SURSXHVWDDXQDUHJODRFULWHULR
5HVXOWDREYLRD¿UPDUODFRKHUHQFLDLGHROyJLFDLQVWLWXFLRQDO
UHVSHFWR GH OD RIHUWD SHUR QR UHVXOWD WDQ REYLR D¿UPDU
TXH OD FRKHUHQFLD VH HVWi YLQFXODQGR FDGD YH] PiV DO
FXPSOLPLHQWR \ GHFODUDFLyQ S~EOLFD GH FRPSURPLVR FRQ
2
!
3
'
'
"
.
'
%
!
3
'
GH OD LQVWLWXFLyQ UHVSHFWR GH OD
SURPRFLyQ JHVWLyQ \ FUHDFLyQ FXOWXUDO (Q HVWH VHQWLGR
OD FRKHUHQFLD QR HV WDQWR XQ SUREOHPD GH LGRQHLGDG
VRFLRFXOWXUDORGHRUJDQL]DFLyQUDFLRQDOL]DGDTXHWDPELpQ
YDORUHV LGHQWLGDG GLYHUVLGDG \ WHUULWRULR VH XQHQ HQ OD
FLXGDGDQtD PXQGLDO FRPR SUREOHPD GH IRUPDFLyQ SDUD
FRQWHPSODUHOVHQWLGRORFDO\JOREDOHOVHQWLGRUHJLRQDOLVWD
QDFLRQDOLVWD HXURSHtVWD \ PXQGLDOLVWDFRVPRSROLWLVWD D
WUDYpVGHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDODFLXGDGDQtDHQWHQGLGDFRPR
XQFRPSURPLVRGHYROXQWDGHVSHUVRQDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV
RULHQWDGR DO GHVDUUROOR GH FLYLOL]DFLyQ GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR
SDUD FRQYLYLU HQ XQ PXQGR PHMRU HQ HO TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ
HVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWRH¿FD]GHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ
\DGDSWDFLyQGHOKRPEUHFRPRFLXGDGDQRGHOPXQGRSHUR
ORFDOL]DGRTXHHVFDSD]GHVROXFLRQDUFRQÀLFWRVUHDOHVGH
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR
GHFRQYHUJHQFLDGHLGHQWLGDGGLYHUVLGDG\JORFDOLGDGXQ
I S N N
GHVDUUROOR OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG
HOFRQVXPRUHVSRQVDEOH\HO
ODMXVWLFLDODDFHSWDFLyQHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR\ODLQWHUDFFLyQ
FRQHORWUR\ORRWURHQXQHQWRUQRVRFLRSROtWLFRFXOWXUDO
N 5
IRUPDWLYDVTXHLQWHJUDQHQHO
FRRSHUDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORHQWUHORVSXHEORVDIDYRUGH
3
8Q FRQMXQWR GH SURSXHVWDV
IDYRUHFHVLVHSURSLFLDQGHVGHODHGXFDFLyQSULQFLSLRVGH
V O L
GHDFFHVLELOLGDGUHFHSWLYLGDG
\ÀH[LELOLGDG
FRQ HO DSR\R GH ODV UHGHV GLJLWDOL]DGDV (O HQFXHQWUR VH
M a y o
WHUULWRULRGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRV
KDFHYDOHUVXIXHU]DWUDQVQDFLRQDOHQORVIRURVPXQGLDOHV
-
TXH
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
GHDFFLyQTXHH[LJHQSHQVDU
B o l e t í n
\ODMXVWLFLD
YLDEOHODLQQRYDFLyQHQFDGD
1
#
VHUYLFLRDOLQWHUpVJHQHUDOVRFLDOGHOGHVDUUROOR7RXULxiQ
HVWUDWpJLFDV
x
H[LJHFRKHUHQFLDFRPRXQ
P L A N E T A R I A
ODFRRSHUDFLyQODVROLGDULGDG
RSHUDWLYL]DU ODV HVWUDWHJLDV
x
C I U D A D A N A
·
x
C O N V I V E N C I A
1 3
GHVDUUROORGHVGHODySWLFDGH
L A
·
HVH WLSR GH SUREOHPDV GHO
P A R A
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
RHQJXHUUDVGHUHOLJLyQ\RLGHQWLWDULDV
SDUDHOGHVDUUROORHVXQHVFDOyQQHFHVDULRHQODFRQYLYHQFLD
HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO
PDUFRWHUULWRULDOQRKD\UD]yQSDUDFRUWDUODÀXLGH]GHOD
LGHD\QRDVXPLUODSRVLELOLGDGGHJHQHUDUDFWLWXGIDYRUDEOH
5
6
PLSDtV\DIURQWDUGHVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD FRQ VHQWLGR GH FRRSHUDFLyQ
VROLGDULD WUDQVQDFLRQDO \ SRU WDQWR SODQHWDULD 6H WUDWD
GH LU PiV DOOi GHO SRGHU GH UHODFLyQ LQWHUSHUVRQDO TXH
SURSRUFLRQD HO PHGLR FXOWXUDO \ WHFQROyJLFR HQ FXDQWR
7
9
8
;
7
?
9
C
7
D
;
:
;
D
=
H
:
:
<
7
<
A
B
E
<
F
7
9
A
A
8
G
F
F
=
@
C
A
?
A
8
=
7
7
8
A
7
A
9
F
?
H
;
B
9
:
8
I
>
A
7
D
8
;
D
?
7
=
@
9
F
A
C
:
B
D
C
=
9
;
?
<
=
D
J
7
=
F
7
8
=
(VSUHFLVRHVWXGLDUODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHVGHOD
SHUVSHFWLYDGHODHGXFDFLyQVLQDQXODUODSHUVSHFWLYDSURSLD
GH ORV SURGXFWRV FXOWXUDOHV GHO GHVDUUROOR 3DUD QRVRWURV
HQ OD ³
$
%
!
"
&
$
$
'
%
%
'
K
!
"
´ KD\ XQ SUREOHPD
VROLGDULD WUDQVQDFLRQDO SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH ORV SXHEORV
HVWDPRVDLVODGRVQLDMHQRVDOUHVWRGHOSODQHWDHQQXHVWUD
FRPXQLGDG SDUWLFXODU 6RPRV FRUUHVSRQVDEOHV GHO SODQHWD
\HMHUFHPRVFRPSURPLVRGHFRQYLYHQFLDGHUHODFLyQHQWUH
HO\RHORWUR\HORWURHQHOHQWRUQRSODQHWDULR\HVRH[LJH
PRUDOPHQWHHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRH[SOtFLWRGHORWURSRUTXHOD
UHVSRQVDELOLGDG FRQVLJR PLVPR HV UHVSRQVDELOLGDG ³SDUD
FRQ HO RWUR´ HQ HO VHQWLGR OpYLQDVLDQR GH UHVSRQGHU D OD
GHPDQGDGHORWURTXHHVWiVLWXDGRELHQRPDOSHURVLWXDGR
'
-
'
'
(
L
.
'
/
'
-
'
-
.
QRHVEDODGtLPSOLFDDWHQGHUDODVWUHVDFHSFLRQHVTXHFDGD
iUHDFXOWXUDOPDQWLHQHFRQHGXFDFLyQFXDQGRVHFRQVWUX\H
HOiUHDFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQHGXFDFLyQ³FRQ´³SRU´
\³SDUD´TXHVHFRUUHVSRQGHQHQHVWHFDVRFRQHOGHVDUUROOR
FRPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ
JHQHUDO \ iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ YRFDFLRQDO \ SURIHVLRQDO
7RXULxiQE
(OFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQMXHJDXQSDSHOHVSHFt¿FR
HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ ³FRQ´ HO GHVDUUROOR (V XQ FRQRFLPLHQWR
HVSHFLDOL]DGRTXHPDQWLHQHFRQGLFLRQHVSURSLDVFRPRiUHD
/pYLQDVSS0tQJXH]$UEROHGD
FXOWXUDO\iPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ
1XHVWUDSURSXHVWDHVTXHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGH
/DHGXFDFLyQFRQHOiUHDGHH[SHULHQFLDFXOWXUDO³GHVDUUROOR´
ORVSXHEORVHVXQDSURSXHVWDYLQFXODGDDORVGHUHFKRVGH
FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH IRUWDOHFH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
HQ WDQWR TXH SDUFHOD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ R HGXFDFLyQ GH XQ
GHWHUPLQDGR iPELWR GH H[SHULHQFLD VH HQIUHQWD D ORV
GHVDUUROORLQQRYDFLyQFRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDG6HWUDWD
SUREOHPDVTXHHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQWLHQHTXH
UHVROYHU HQ FDGD FDVR GH LQWHUYHQFLyQ SHGDJyJLFD FRPR
GHDERUGDUXQDQXHYDGLPHQVLyQGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFX\D
YLDELOLGDGQLHVWiDOPDUJHQGHODVSROtWLFDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHV
KD\ TXH GRPLQDU FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ < HQ HO
SODQHWDULDIRUPDQGRHQFDGDSXHEORGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRVGH
QLDQXODODDFFLyQGHFRRSHUDFLyQEDMRODIRUPDGHD\XGD
KXPDQLWDULDFHQWUDGDHQDVLVWHQFLD\FXLGDGRVGHSULPHURV
DX[LOLRVSHURTXHVHFHQWUDHQODDFFLyQHGXFDGRUDGHOD
FRRSHUDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORHQWUHORVSXHEORVEDMRIRUPDV
GHFRQVWUXFFLyQLQGLYLGXDO\VRFLDO\FRPRFRQYHUJHQFLDGH
LGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQFDGDWHUULWRULR1XHVWURSRVWXODGR
HVTXHHOGHVDUUROORVHFRQVWUX\HFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ
\ TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VH YLQFXOD D ORV
GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH H[LJHQ FRRSHUDFLyQ \
VROLGDULGDG\DORVSULQFLSLRVGHLQQRYDFLyQDFFHVLELOLGDG
UHWRV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ (Q OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR
iPELWR GH OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ HGXFDWLYD \ HQ OD UHODFLyQ
HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR FDGD YH] KD\ PiV FRQVHQVR DFHUFD
GH OD SHUWLQHQFLD \ UHOHYDQFLD GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD
HGXFDFLyQSRUTXH
/D FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO GHVDUUROOR
HVWDEOHFHQXQDFRQH[LyQFRQODUHDOLGDG
GHDOJ~QPRGR~QLFD\VLQJXODUVHJ~Q
HO WLSR GH WDUHD \ UHVXOWDGR TXH VH
SURSLFLH GHVGH XQD LQWHQFLRQDOLGDG
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
H[LJHHOXVRGHORVPHGLRV\GHORVUHFXUVRVDVXPLHQGRHO
KHFKRUHDOGHTXHQXHVWURWHUULWRULRHVHOPXQGR\TXHQR
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ TXH KDFH SRVLEOH HO HVWXGLR GHO iPELWR
GHHGXFDFLyQ<HVWR
³GHVDUUROOR´
I S N N
(Q ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ OD FRRSHUDFLyQ
N 5
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR \ GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR
GXGDVKD\XQSUREOHPDSHGDJyJLFRTXHQDFHGHODSUiFWLFD
3
HVWDPRVDLVODGRVQLDMHQRVDOUHVWRGHOSODQHWDHQQXHVWUD
FRPXQLGDGSDUWLFXODU
V O L
KHFKRUHDOGHTXHQXHVWURWHUULWRULRHVHOPXQGR\TXHQR
LQWHOHFWXDOTXHWLHQHTXHYHUFRQHOFRQWHQLGRHVSHFt¿FRGH
ODVWDUHDV\UHVXOWDGRVSURSLRVGHOGHVDUUROOR\VLQOXJDUD
LU DO XVR GH ORV PHGLRV \ GH ORV UHFXUVRV DVXPLHQGR HO
M a y o
HVGHFLUFRPRPHGLRTXHLGHQWL¿FD\GLYHUVL¿FD+D\TXH
8
-
³PHGLRLQVWDODGRHQORVGHUHFKRVGHWHUFHUDJHQHUDFLyQ´
7
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
DOFRPSURPLVRFRQODLGHDGHPDUFRWHUULWRULDOPiVDOOiGH
B o l e t í n
UHVSRQVDEOH HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR \ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HQ OD
FLXGDGDQD FX\R REMHWLYR HV HO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR HQ XQ
·
FLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULD\UHFODPDIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOFRQVXPR
6L HVWR HV DVt \ KD\ HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD
1 4
UHFHSWLYLGDG\ÀH[LELOLGDGGHXQPRGRWDOTXHODHGXFDFLyQ
·
FRQYLYHQFLDVLQFRQYHUWLUORVHQH[FXVDVSDUDODH[SORWDFLyQ
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
GH OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR
TXH SHUPLWH FRPSUHQGHUOR FRPR
XQD
SXHGHQ VHU FDWDORJDGRV FRQ FULWHULR
SHGDJyJLFR \ SURSRUFLRQDQ XQ WLSR
FRPR
GH H[SHULHQFLD \ H[SUHVLyQ TXH QR VH
FRQVLJXHVLQODHGXFDFLyQ
SRUFHQWDMHV GH WLHPSR VHPDQDO \
(GXFDU ³FRQ´ HO GHVDUUROOR HV XQD
IRUPD GH HGXFDFLyQ HQ YDORUHV TXH
x
HVWi LPSOLFDGD SHGDJyJLFDPHQWH HQ
PXOWLFXOWXUDO
PXOWLPHGLD
\ SOXUDOLVWD HQ HO TXH OD
ORV SUREOHPDV GH FRQRFHU HVWLPDU
HQVHxDU HOHJLU UHDOL]DU FUHHU \ VHQWLU
ORVYDORUHV
PDQLIHVWDFLyQ GH OD UHODFLyQ
HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR DOFDQ]D XQ
VHQWLGRUHLYLQGLFDWLYR\GHMXVWLFLD
/D VLWXDFLyQ GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ
VRFLDO DVRFLDGR D PRPHQWRV
HVWDQQRYHGRVDTXHODSUHJXQWDFODYHHVTXpFXHQWDHQHO
JHQHUDFLRQDOHV TXH FRQGLFLRQDQ
SUiFWLFDV FUHHQFLDV \ IRUPDV GH
DSUHQGL]DMHHGXFDWLYRGHODUHODFLyQHGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR
FRRSHUDFLyQ\TXpDSUHQGL]DMHFXHQWDSRUTXHHQHOiPELWR
H[SUHVLyQ GHVGH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH
GH OD UHODFLyQ GHVDUUROOR FRRSHUDFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ VH
LQQRYDFLyQ\GHVGHODVFRQGLFLRQHV
DGYLHUWHQORVVLJXLHQWHVLQGLFLRVGHFDPELR
FRQVXPR UD]RQDEOH \ MXVWR \ HO
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR
x
+D\ XQ FDPELR HSLVWHPROyJLFR
HQ HO IXQGDPHQWR GH OD UHODFLyQ
GHVDUUROOR\HGXFDFLyQGHPDQHUD
WDOTXHOD¿QDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQ
UHVSHFWRGHOGHVDUUROORQRHVVyOR
+D\ XQ QXHYR HVSDFLR VRFLDO
SURSLDVGHOVHQWLGRJORFDO
/DUHODFLyQHGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROORFRQ¿JXUDFDGDYH]PiV
KDFH UHIHUHQFLD DO FRQFHSWR
WUHV PRGRV GH DERUGDMH
GH HGXFDFLyQ ³FRQ´ HO GHVDUUROOR
VH SUHRFXSD
"
'
'
.
$
'
HVSHFLDOPHQWHSRUHOOXJDUGHOGHVDUUROORHQODHQVHxDQ]D
HV GHFLU HO FXUUtFXOXP HVFRODU HGXFDWLYR \
"
.
$
$
'
M
N
FHQWUDHQODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQ
\VXQHFHVLGDGSDUDGHWHUPLQDUODVSUiFWLFDVPiVDMXVWDGDV
DOFRQFHSWRGHHGXFDFLyQHQODFRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROOR
1LQJXQDGHHVWDVSHUVSHFWLYDVHVWiDXVHQWHHQHVWHWUDEDMR
\SRUHVRDVXPLPRV\UHFRQRFHPRVODWDUHDGHOGHVDUUROOR
FRPRWDUHDTXHVHVXVWHQWDHQODHGXFDFLyQFRPRDFWLYLGDG
\ FRPR FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ GH PDQHUD WDO TXH
VH DVXPH HO GHVDUUROOR
'
-
'
'
(
L
.
'
/
'
-
'
-
.
GH OD
HGXFDFLyQ
7DO FRPR KHPRV GHIHQGLGR HQ RWURV WUDEDMRV 7RXULxiQ
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
HQRULHQWDFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ
I S N N
HVWD LPSRUWDQFLD HQ WpUPLQRV GH
FLXGDGDQR
N 5
\ VHQWLPLHQWRV GH FDGD HGXFDQGR \
3
HVWi UHÀHMDQGR VX LPSRUWDQFLD
HQ HO FXUUtFXOR HVFRODU PHGLGD
V O L
PRGR HQ TXH HVH FRPSURPLVR
M a y o
HGXFDFLyQ TXH HV VXSHULRU DO
WDQWRVREUHODFRQFRUGDQFLDGHYDORUHV
GHVDUUROORFRRSHUDFLyQ
SRU
PHGLR GH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HO
+D\ XQ FRPSURPLVR VRFLDO \
JHQHUDOFRQODUHODFLyQGHVDUUROOR
GH LQÀXLU VREUH ODV SUHIHUHQFLDV \ SRU
KDFLD OD UHDFFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ
LQGLYLGXDO
-
x
GLVWLQWDV IRUPDV GH H[SUHVLyQ TXH OH
VRQ SURSLDV R VH OH DGHFXDQ HV FDSD]
HQ OD IRFDOL]DFLyQ GLIHUHQFLDGD
H[SHULHQFLD
LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GHUHFKRV GH
FXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
DWHQGLHQGR D VXV FRQWHQLGRV \ ODV
³GHVDUUROOR´ TXH VH PDQL¿HVWD
FXOWXUDO
H LQVWLWXFLRQDO HQ HO PDUFR
(O GHVDUUROOR \ OD FRRSHUDFLyQ
HO iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO
PDQLIHVWDFLyQ
GH OD H[SHULHQFLD KXPDQD \
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
/DVIRUPDVGHGHVDUUROOR\FRRSHUDFLyQ
B o l e t í n
HQHOFDUiFWHU\VHQWLGRHGXFDWLYR
LQWHOLJLEOHV
·
SDUD FXDOTXLHU HGXFDQGR FHQWUDGD
FRPR PHMRUHV TXH RWUDV FRQ FULWHULRV
1 5
XQDSURSXHVWDJHQHUDOGHHGXFDFLyQ
FRRSHUDFLyQ SXHGHQ VHU FDWDORJDGDV
·
'HWHUPLQDGDV IRUPDV GH GHVDUUROOR \
+D\ XQ FDPELR VHPiQWLFR HQ
HO iPELWR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRQ
P L A N E T A R I A
XQD HVSHFLDOL]DFLyQ YRFDFLRQDO \
SURIHVLRQDO GHO YROXQWDULDGR VLQR
HGXFDWLYDPDQL¿HVWD
x
C I U D A D A N A
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
O
"
$
%
-
(
.
'
!
"
HQ HO TXH VH DGTXLHUHQ FRPSHWHQFLDV SDUD HO XVR
\ FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH H[SHULHQFLD YDOLRVD VREUH HO VHQWLGR
HGXFDFLyQWDOFRPRTXHGDUHÀHMDGRDFRQWLQXDFLyQ
FRQFHSWXDO GHO iUHD DVXPLEOH FRPR DFHUYR FRP~Q SDUD
(O iUHD FXOWXUDO FRPR iPELWR
x
YDORUHV HGXFDWLYRV YLQFXODGRV DO
FDUiFWHU\DOVHQWLGRSURSLRVGHOD
HGXFDFLyQ
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRP~Q GH ORV
¿QDOLGDGHVGHODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOLGHQWL¿FDEOHVGHVGHHO
VHQWLGRFRQFHSWXDOGHOiUHDFXOWXUDO(QODWHUFHUDDFHSFLyQ
VH FXEUH HO VHQWLGR SURSLR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ GHVGH HO iUHD
FXOWXUDOFRPRRULHQWDFLyQSURIHVLRQDO\YRFDFLRQDOSDUDXQ
iUHDGHWHUPLQDGD(QODVGRVSULPHUDVDFHSFLRQHVGDPRV
´
FRQWHQLGRDODH[SUHVLyQ³
!
"
#
'
$
%
O
$
%
.
$
%
(Q OD WHUFHUD DFHSFLyQ GDPRV FRQWHQLGR D OD H[SUHVLyQ
"
#
$
"
O
$
%
.
$
%
´
3DUD QRVRWURV HO iUHD FXOWXUDO FRQWHPSODGD GHVGH OD
SHUVSHFWLYDGHiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQQRHVVyOR
#
$
)
"
O
$
%
.
$
!
"
GHVDUUROOR YRFDFLRQDO \ FDUUHUD
%
SURIHVLRQDO FHQWUDGR SUHIHUHQWHPHQWH HQ HO iUHD FRPR
FRQRFLPLHQWRWHyULFRiPELWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\DFWLYLGDG
FUHDWLYDFX\RGRPLQLRWpFQLFR\HMHFXFLyQSUiFWLFDSXHGHQ
HQVHxDUVH (O iUHD FXOWXUDO WDPELpQ HV
%
O
$
%
.
$
%
!
"
#
'
$
)
iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ \ iPELWR
GHHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO
"
)
%
O
$
%
.
$
%
\DVHDSDUD
DOVLJQL¿FDGRGHHGXFDFLyQ\DVHDSDUDGHVDUUROODUHOVHQWLGR
HGXFDQGR \D VHD SDUD FRQWULEXLU D IRUPDU HVSHFLDOLVWDV
HQ HO iUHD FXOWXUDO GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD YRFDFLRQDO R
SURIHVLRQDOWDOFRPRVHUHVXPHHQHO&XDGUR
O
-
(
.
'
3
"
$
%
!
"
TXH
SHUPLWH IRFDOL]DU OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ SHGDJyJLFD HQ HO iUHD
FXOWXUDO DO GHVDUUROOR GHO FDUiFWHU \ VHQWLGR SURSLR GH OD
HGXFDFLyQ FRPR VH GHEHUtD KDFHU FRQ ODV PDWHPiWLFDV
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
VHUHDOL]DQODV¿QDOLGDGHVGHODHGXFDFLyQHQJHQHUDO\ODV
!
'
I S N N
(QODVGRVSULPHUDVDFHSFLRQHVSRUPHGLRGHOiUHDFXOWXUDO
N 5
LQYHVWLJDEOH\UHDOL]DEOH
3
TXH HV FRJQRVFLEOH HQVHxDEOH
$
V O L
(O iUHD FXOWXUDO FRPR iPELWR
iUHDFRPRPDQLIHVWDFLyQFUHDWLYD
FRQFHSWXDOGHOiUHDFXOWXUDO
WHyULFRWHFQROyJLFR\SUiFWLFRGHO
HVFRODUHV\GHVDUUROODEiVLFDPHQWH
ORV YDORUHV YLQFXODGRV DO VHQWLGR
GH GHVDUUROOR SURIHVLRQDO \
YRFDFLRQDO YLQFXODGR DO GRPLQLR
M a y o
FRPR iPELWR TXH IRUPD SDUWH
³
-
GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO HV GHFLU
x
GHVDUUROODUHQORVHGXFDQGRVHOFDUiFWHU\VHQWLGRLQKHUHQWHV
FRQFHSWXDOGHOiUHDGHQWURGHODIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDOGHFDGD
(O iUHD FXOWXUDO FRPR iPELWR
x
iUHD\SRGHPRV
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ TXH DSRUWD
WRGRVORVHGXFDQGRVFRPRSDUWHGHVXGHVDUUROORLQWHJUDO
3RGHPRV FRQRFHU XQ iUHD FXOWXUDO SRGHPRV HQVHxDU XQ
B o l e t í n
ODGLIHUHQFLDFRQFHSWXDOGHOiUHDFXOWXUDOFRPRiPELWRGH
·
3
1 6
LGHQWL¿FDQ\GH¿QHQWUHVDFHSFLRQHVSRVLEOHVGHODViUHDV
·
OD OHQJXD OD JHRJUDItD R FXDOTXLHU GLVFLSOLQD EiVLFD GHO
FXUUtFXOXPGHODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO\
D \ E GHVGH HO FRQRFLPLHQWR SHGDJyJLFR VH
FXOWXUDOHV FRPR LQVWUXPHQWR GH HGXFDFLyQ TXH MXVWL¿FDQ
L A
E D U C A C I Ó N
ï
ð
ñ
ò
ó
ô
õ
î
ó
ö
÷
ó
ø
ù
ø
ú
ù
û
ñ
ù
ü
ý
ò
ù
ð
þ
ï
ü
ú
ï
ò
ð
ü
ÿ
ñ
ù
û
ð
L A
ò
ò
ó
ü
ü
C O N V I V E N C I A
ó
þ
ó
ö
ó
ý
ö
ú
ó
ñ
C I U D A D A N A
ù
ù
ñ
ï
þ
ð
þ
P L A N E T A R I A
·
î
P A R A
ø
1 7
·
w
„
ˆ
d
b
c
b
a

z
œ
ƒ
`
p
`
i
u
q
d
c
f
p
p
q
`
f
a
j
`
a
q
g
d
i
d
w
„
ˆ
d
b
c
b
a


œ

ƒ
`
p
`
i
u
q
d
c
f
p
p
q
f
g
w
q
q
b
j
h
e
h
t
q
r
`
a
`
p
i
f
`
c
`
ˆ
d
d
b
c
b
a

q
i
q
b
h
`
a
j
`
a
q
d
i
q
d
q
b
j
h
e
h
t
q
q
i
q
‚
b
c
b
a
p
i
c
B o l e t í n
w
j
e
h
t
q
`
i
`
ˆ
d
d
b
c
b
a
r
`
a
`
p
i
f
c
Š
v

q
o
„
p
`
u
q
d
p
`
u
q
p
p
q
`
a
j
`
a
q
q
c
f
f
d
i
d
c
„
p
`
u
q
d
p
u
`
a
j
q
`
`
|
R
–
Q
\
d
p
p
q
`
a
j
`
a
j
a
c
a
`
p
f
u
p
p
q
`
a
j
`
a
d
`
|
R
–
Q
\
V
S
X
Y
Z
i
]
q
d
V
a
`
p
b
^
Y
^
Q
V
T
Y
Z
m
d
q
f
`
d
a
j
q
b
T
q
f
q
d
i
d
X
V
˜
S
U
Q
V
T
Y
Z
‘
`
u
`
`
d
S
Š
u
q
p
p
d
q
’
p
c
V
k
i
a
b
i
`
f
q
i
a
u
d
u
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
„
`
f
[
S
S
[
l
^
Y
^
Q
_
T
‘
`
i
`
d
|
R
–
Q
\
b
i
f
g
d
c
f
f
c
f
V
d
u
w
`
a
p
q
u
`
a
d
[
S
S
[
l
^
Y
^
Q
_
T
’
S
T
S
X
Y
Z
`
b
q
c
u
p
q
u
p
d
‚
q
`
c
u
f
u
g
w
`
j
p
`
p
`
`
w
a
d
b
i
f
g
i
i
—
c
f
e
f
c
‚
`
€
`
`
a
`
u
q
p
p
`
b
i
f
g
u
q
d
c
f
p
p
`
f
c
a
j
q
q
f
f
i
b
i
c
d
c
f
i
q
b
c
u
p
d
q
c
a
d
h
q
i
j
`
ˆ
q
i
f
i
b
g
u
d
q
j
o
p
d
d
`
f
o
c
f
`
a
q
p
ˆ
r
q

j
q
`
p
`
`
c
b
i
b
o
f
e
b
i
b
d
e
f
c
d
w
p
q
u
`
a
d
p
`
`
a
j
p
q
u
p
q
`
b
q
c
u
p
d
‚
q
`
c
u
`
f
d
u
`
i
h
o
h
c
f
‚
c
€
`
`
a
`
u
q
p
p
q
š
q
q
f
o
f
i
b
i
c
™
d
c
f
f
b
h
w
q
a
a
j
j
`
a
q
b
i
a
d
‚
p
i
q
b
c
u
p
d
c
w
a
p
q
u
p
j
`

v
w
a
‚
i
b
c
d
c
b
c
f
e
b
`
u
j
ˆ
a
`
j
w

`
`
`
f
h
c
i
c
b
i
b
f
c
i
‚
c
o
d
w
u
`
q
i
u
`
a
j
q
q
q
u
`
q
d
a
`
b
j
b
p
o
q
c
o
q
f
o
i
p
d
o
f
o
i
a
q
`
`
p
`
d
v
r
`
`
a
u
e
`
f
c
`
€
`
d
`
o
f
b
f
›
q
c
`
„
ˆ
b
c
d
d
d
b
c
b
[
l
^
Y
^
Q
_
T
y
z
{
S
Z
u
q
€
`
`
o
w
f
a
`
i
b
i
c
p
`
d
u
q
d
c
f
p
p
q
c
|
w
`
d
X
f
S
p
p
`
d
c
r
u
i
c
`
f
a
i
b
i
c
`
p
u
b
`
q
f
a
p
u
b
`
c
e
Y
[
S
S
}
k
w

`
`
f
p
i
h
a
i
S
X
w
j
d
u
f
u
j
c
e
ƒ
„
u
j
…
j
q
c
i
†
j
b
c
‡
u
j
h
t
u
f
i
b
c
g
q
o
i
c
i
—
c
`
f
f
Q
S
T
^
Q
Y
~
[
†
p
p
f
q
q
c
a
u
b
i
‡
c
Y
X
X
V
Z
Z
V

w
j
q
b
f
i
q
d
u
q
g
i
†
a
j
h
e
h
t
s
j
b
q
b
w
p
b
U
w
j
b
u
S
w
q
i
v
`
o
j
q
s
`
u
‚
c
f
u
c
q
g
j
j
d
p
f
i
b
c
b
q
c
i
w
r
‚
p
i

`
c
v
ˆ
i
w
`
i
v
p
V O L
x
`
c
`
i
i
d
`
a
g
M a y o
i
f
f
`
f
a

i
`
e
u
g
w
a
i
`
d
b
u
u
-
q
i
g
q
u
ˆ
q
i
i
†
j
u
b
f
`
c
a
`
b
a
j
p
d
c
g
3
v
`
b
a
j
v
‡
q
i
i
†
j
`
a
b
q
p
ˆ
r
r
b
i
b
c
`
q
w
r
q
g
f
e
i
†
`
b
c
h
t
a
j
p
i
p
c
j
g
`
j
i
f
c
f
i
c
g
‚
i
p
f
q
q
f
p
ˆ
r
q
o
i
q
g
a
ˆ
…
b
h
i
b
c
j
‡
g
i
b
c
g
q
b
‚
i
†
q
b
p
‡
j
q
o
i
b
c
p
j
p
b
f
`
c
b
‰
V
T
V
S
T
U
Q
V
T
S
S
[
R
X
T
l
Y
k
Q
^
S
X
Y
Z
S
U
„
q
u
p
`
u
j
q
S
X
]
S
T
^
Q
_
f
i
c
g
[
U
Q
T
\
X
S
S
_
T
S
U
T
k
^
Y
Y
X
[
Y
Y
€
`
T
`
t
e
h
t
X
u
S
ˆ
Y
Œ
a
p
u
j
u
o
\
c
S
i
T
j
i
U
[
•
Q
U
S
S
Y
|
T
a
c
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
R
X
}
]
S
S
u
I S N N
^
W
†
i
Š
S
Q
t
j
g
‹
P
g
w
†
b
N 5
j
`
c
w
a
c
f
i
o
e
i
b
c
g
i
a
`
`
q
u
`
p
€
`
f
i
‚
c
d
u
ˆ
a
a
u
o
d
d
f
i
d
i
e
h
i
b
c
c
`
b
c
d
c
e
f
c
g
w
ƒ
`
u
r
`
u
j
p

‡
a
d
i
j
`
k
X
V
^
S
U
V
f
c
`
€
`
`
€
`
o
[
S
Y
l
\
V
f
u
i
b
i
f
j
i
X
V
S
[
l
^
Y
^
Q
_
f
q
p
`
c
b
c
p
q
‡
u
Š
g
j
i
r
b
j
b
f

`
€
i
c
`
c
d
T
q
c
u
g
r
a
q
u
i
p
Ž
c
u
`
f
r
p
f
c
a
i
w
p
o
h
p
c
ƒ
w
S
a
i
m
b
\
ˆ
a
o
S
f
d
U
c
`
n
j
`
c
e
`
h
Š
`
g
o
u
ˆ
f
a
i
`
f
d
j
h
`
j
c
h
e
i
b
c
g
s
j
e
t
q
u
i
w
`
€
`
u
ˆ
a
u
p
ž
o
R
v
–
Q
\
V
S
[
l
^
Y
\
Q
]
V
~
^
V
T
]
Q
]
S
T
^
Q
f
i
h
i
b
c
g
Y
w
a
`
d
c
a
j
p
h
`
u
`
c
d
w
`
€
`
o
^
`
u
q
d
c
f
p
p
Q
l
[
Y
[
Y
T
Y
k
Z
Y
T
S
\
Y
X
Q
Y

u
ˆ
f
a
q
i
c
d
†
i
‘
q
f
w
u
‚
~
[
S
U
Y
X
X
V
Z
Z
V
[
S
Z
V
U
k
l
S
–
Z
V
U
p
i
`
c
€
`
g
o
u
ˆ
f
a
i

r
d
j
i
p
i
`
c
`
€
`
g
o
j
h
d
i
`
e
i
b
c
u
ˆ
f
a
i
€
`
g
o
u
ˆ
f
a
i
v
r
`
f
“
Y
Z
V
X
S
U
’
l
”
Y
[
S
X
Q
]
Y
[
V
U
e
i
€
c
f
c
ˆ
a
j
…
a
`
a
€
o
p
`
p
ˆ
b
i
i
b
i
b
c
c
u
ˆ
f
a
i
j
q
i
q
c
f
c
b
p
b
h
`

o
c
g
a
`
d
`
g
c
h
u
c
p
o
`
b
j
i
b
‰
w
`
j
d

X
Q
T
^
Q
k
Q
V
U
[
S

X
Q
b
T
^
c
Q
i
k
Q
‚
c
V
U
[
S

S
[
l
^
Y
^
Q
_
T
‘
Q
T
\
S
X
]
S
T
^
Q
_
X
Q
T
^
Q
k
Q
V
U
[
`
q
u
`
p
k
S
[
Y
’
_
’
Q
^
Y
‘
`
q
f
i
‚
c
d
d
d
f
i
‚
c
`

u
`
a
j
q
`
p
q
u
q
q
a
`
a
j
`
e
b
f
i
d
d
b
h
w
q
q
o
u
`
i
p
`
u
S
V
X
Z
Z
Y
V
^
Q
_
T
Y
Z
‘
i
‚
c
u
`
d
p
q
u
`
d
s
`
d
q
f
w
u
a
b
h
q
u
c
w
a
`
u
`
p
b
i
p
q
u
`
c
j
d
b
c
r
f
`
a
`
ˆ
c
f
c
b
a
i
Š
w
j
j
d
k
X
s
q
f
`
p
`
u
`
p
`
p

f
V
X
o
o
o
V
Y
u
ƒ
f
U
d
d
j
c
S
u
`
d
b
^
T
f
b
f
c
d
c
d
`
p
q
u
p
q
`
u
q
q
u
`
p
c
d
‚
c
f
o
f
o
i
d
v
u
r
a
q
`
`
a
j
p
`
r
ˆ
r
v
u
i
i
i
b
c
d
d
h
c
i
d
c
d
o
d
c
i
b
r
a
q
`
a
a
q
ˆ
a
`
u
q
p
p
q
c
i
i
i
b
c
d
d
i
‚
c
b
i
g
d
c
f
f
g
w
„
ˆ
a

`
p
ˆ
a
q
d
b
c
b
q
`
d
c
c
b
b
Ÿ
¾
©
±
ª
«
³
ª
É
©
¬
¯
­
²
Æ
Ë
²
Ç
©
®
°
Ô
¯
­
Ç
°
­
Ó
°
É
a

q
a
`
a
p
a
`
j
i
b
¨
ˆ
i
±
¿
Ó
©
«
Æ
ª
°
Â
«
©
®
Ì
¬
­
­
Ì
Ç
¯
Æ
Â
©
®
ª
¯
À
Ð
É
ª
°
Ì
²
²
Í
³
­
¯
·
É
Ì
¯
Ë
Ç
Æ
´
©
ª
Â
µ
±
Ð
ª
³
É
¯
Ó
³
É
¡
¯
½
­
¬
Æ
²
Î
¢
¶
£
·
¸
³
ª
Ê
Ð
Ø
©
É
º
´
¥
°
«
Ó
Ú
Ã
Û
¦
±
®
Ä
Ù
¤
©
°
Ý
³
Ä
Þ
¢
±
µ
Õ
Ú
³
®
Ñ
Ü
¤
³
®
«
©
Ó
ß
¹
Ç
Ù
³
Ä
«
®
Æ
à
Ÿ
¯
Ç
á
â
´
Å
º
³
Ð
ã
¦
©
®
ª
Ç
¯
Ê
Û
Ä
å
«
­
É
ä
¢
»
°
¶
Í
æ
ª
²
Ä
³
Ã
ç
®
Ö
è
´
¯
×
£
²
¹
»
Á
Ê
é
ê
¢
±
Â
Ð
ä
¦
©
¯
Ã
Î
Ã
Ä
ë
§
ª
Ê
ì
Ç
æ
Ÿ
ª
Ä
Ã
í
¸
Ã
ë
²
Æ
Ð
f
c
b
i
b
‚
i
‚
b
i
c
o
c
c
°
Å
Ô
o
Ç
Ã
³
È
Ä
³
Ç
Æ
Ã
­
É
Ä
¼
Ê
Æ
²
Ë
Î
É
Ð
³
Ì
É
¯
Ã
Ì
±
É
Ã
Ä
Ä
³
Í
Ó
³
Å
Ã
Ì
Ð
½
Î
¬
³
Ï
Ä
Ð
Ç
Ä
Ë
²
Ã
©
Ñ
Ã
³
®
É
Ñ
«
Ä
É
©
¯
Ò
Ã
«
Ï
Ó
Â
Ð
Æ
¹
­
Î
É
Á
Ë
´
Â
Ç
¹
²
Ã
Ô
¯
Ä
Î
­
Ó
Ã
f
i
c
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
FRPR HGXFDFLyQ FRP~Q GH ORV HGXFDQGRV SRU ORV YDORUHV
WDUHDV GH VHQWLGR YRFDFLRQDO \ SURIHVLRQDO YLQFXODGDV DO
HGXFDWLYRVVLQJXODUHVGHULYDGRVGHOVHQWLGRFRQFHSWXDOGH
YROXQWDULDGR D ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV QR JXEHUQDPHQWDOHV
\ DO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH TXH LPSOLFDQ D HVSHFLDOLVWDV HQ
HVHiUHDGHH[SHULHQFLDVLQRSRUTXHHOiUHDGHH[SHULHQFLD
\ DJUtFROD GHVDUUROOR LQGXVWULDO \ WHFQROyJLFR HWFpWHUD
HVDH[SHULHQFLDFXOWXUDOFRQFUHWDHQORVYDORUHVSURSLRVGHO
GH PDQHUD WDO TXH SRGUtD GHFLUVH TXH OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO
FDUiFWHU\VHQWLGRLQKHUHQWHDOVLJQL¿FDGRGHODHGXFDFLyQ
GHVDUUROORGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDYRFDFLRQDO\SURIHVLRQDO
$Vt ODV FRVDV VL XQ iUHD FXOWXUDO HV iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ
VHYLQFXODFRQFXDOTXLHUSURIHVLyQ\DFWLYLGDGGHVHUYLFLR
VLHPSUH TXH VH DVXPD FRQ OD ¿QDOLGDG GH FRRSHUDFLyQ
JHQHUDO OR HV SRUTXH GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD OyJLFR HV
SULPDULDPHQWHiPELWRJHQHUDOGHHGXFDFLyQ\FXPSOHODV
FRQGLFLRQHV TXH VH SUHGLFDQ GH ORV iPELWRV JHQHUDOHV GH
H[SHUWRVHQGHVDUUROORTXHORVKD\\FDGDYH]GHPDQHUD
HGXFDFLyQ7RXULxiQ\6iH]7RXULxiQE
/DV FRQGLFLRQHV HVSHFt¿FDV GH iPELWRV GH HGXFDFLyQ
GHVDUUROOR (O SUREOHPD QR HV OD VDOLGD SURIHVLRQDO \
PRGR7RXULxiQD
FRQWHPSOH OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR XQ GHUHFKR GH
x
XQD SUHRFXSDFLyQ EiVLFD HV OOHJDU D FRPSUHQGHU OD
H[WHQVLyQ JHQHUDO QR SURIHVLRQDO \ YRFDFLRQDO GH OD
UHODFLyQHGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR <HQHVWHVHQWLGRSRGHPRV
LGHQWL¿FDU ODV GRV DFHSFLRQHV TXH GDQ VLJQL¿FDGR D OD
HVWiFRQVROLGDGR
x
JHQXLQDVTXHPHMRUVHDGDSWDQDOiUHD
x
VRFLDOPHQWH
GHVDUUROOR HQWHQGLGR FRPR iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO
x
x
SHGDJyJLFD
iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ TXH
TXHFXDOTXLHURWUDiUHDHGXFDWLYD
x
x
GHFLU FRPR iPELWR TXH IRUPD
KHWHURHGXFDFLyQ
x
SDUWH GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRP~Q
VLJQL¿FDGRGHODHGXFDFLyQ
x
*HQHUDQYDORUHVHGXFDWLYRVVLQJXODUHV
YLQFXODGRV DO VHQWLGR FRQFHSWXDO GHO
iUHDGHH[SHULHQFLDTXHORFRQIRUPD
FXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
< HVWR TXH DFDEDPRV GH H[SUHVDU PDUFD OD QHFHVLGDG GH
DWHQGHU D ODV DFHSFLRQHV ³iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ´
\ ³iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO´ SXHV VH VLJXH GH OR
8WLOL]DQ HO iUHD SDUD HO ORJUR GH
ORV YDORUHV HGXFDWLYRV YLQFXODGRV
DO FDUiFWHU \ VHQWLGR SURSLRV GHO
GH ORV HVFRODUHV \ GHVDUUROOD HO
VHQWLGR FRQFHSWXDO GH ³GHVDUUROOR
\ FRRSHUDFLyQ´ FRPR GHUHFKR GH
5HVXHOYHQ OD IRUPDFLyQ HQ FDGD iUHD
SRU PHGLR GH SURFHVRV GH DXWR \
/DFRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORFRPR
iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO HV
6HFRQ¿JXUDQGHVGHiUHDVTXHDGPLWHQ
LQWHUDFFLyQ HQ IRUPD GH LQWHUYHQFLyQ
/DFRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORFRPR
DSRUWD YDORUHV HGXFDWLYRV LJXDO
8VDQ iUHDV TXH IRUPDQ SDUWH GH ODV
¿QDOLGDGHV HGXFDWLYDV UHFRQRFLGDV
UHODFLyQ HGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR FRPR HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ HO
YDOLRVDTXHVHFRQYLHUWHHQiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ
$WLHQGHQ D ODV IRUPDV GH H[SUHVLyQ
x
)RUPDQ SDUWH GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRP~Q
\ JHQHUDO GH WRGRV ORV HGXFDQGRV
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
TXH GHOLPLWD XQ iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD
KXPDQD VLQJXODU FX\R FRQRFLPLHQWR
FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ GHQWUR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO FRPR
ORVGHPiVGHUHFKRV
$Vt ODV FRVDV GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH HVWH GLVFXUVR
6H FRQVWLWX\HQ GHVGH XQ iUHD FXOWXUDO
I S N N
YRFDFLRQDO HQ HVWH DUWtFXOR VLQR OD QHFHVLGDG GH TXH VH
N 5
FRQVWUXLGRV GHVGH iUHDV GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO TXH VH
LQFOX\HQHQODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOVHUHVXPHQGHOVLJXLHQWH
3
WUDEDMR HV HO VHQWLGR JHQHUDO GH OD UHODFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ
3UHFLVDPHQWHSRUHVRORTXHQRVLQWHUHVDGHVWDFDUHQHVWH
V O L
PiVFXDOL¿FDGD\FRPSHWHQWH
M a y o
DO GHVDUUROOR VLQ TXH HVR H[LMD QHJDU OD SRVLELOLGDG GH
-
FXOWXUDOHVSULPDULDPHQWHiPELWRJHQHUDOGHHGXFDFLyQHQHO
TXHHOSURIHVRUGHEHGHHVWDUSUHSDUDGRSDUDIRUPDUGHVGH
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
WHPDVGHVDOXGHGXFDFLyQPHGLRDPELHQWHLQJHQLHUtDFLYLO
B o l e t í n
\ 7RXULxiQ D ([LVWHQ FDUUHUDV \
·
HV VyOR SRUTXH HQ FDGD FDVR VHD IDFWLEOH FRQVLGHUDUOD
1 8
LPSODQWDFLyQ PX\ JUDQGHV HQ QXHVWUD VRFLHGDG &RORP
·
OD FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR KD DOFDQ]DGR FRWDV GH
TXH KHPRV GLFKR TXH VL KD\ HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO UHVSHFWR
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRQ XQ iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO QR
(V REYLR TXH HO VHQWLGR YRFDFLRQDO \ SURIHVLRQDO GH
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
1RVHWUDWDGHDJRWDUHQHVWHWUDEDMRODFRQGLFLyQFXUULFXODU
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR VLQR GH LQVLVWLU HQ OD
FRPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ \ FRPR iPELWR GH
¿QDOLGDGHV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ JHQHUDO \ GHO ³GHVDUUROOR´
HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO\HQHVWHVHQWLGRHVQHFHVDULRGHFLUTXHOD
FRPR iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO (VWR VLJQL¿FD TXH HQ
ODHGXFDFLyQSRUHOGHVDUUROORKD\TXHORJUDUFRPSHWHQFLDV
HGXFDFLyQ³ ³HOGHVDUUROORH[LJHSUHVWDUDWHQFLyQDWUHV
FRPSRQHQWHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVTXHGHWHUPLQDQODRULHQWDFLyQ
IRUPDWLYD WHPSRUDO SDUD OD FRQGLFLyQ KXPDQD LQGLYLGXDO
÷
TXHLPSOLFDQGHVWUH]DVKiELWRVDFWLWXGHV\FRQRFLPLHQWRV
LQQRYDFLyQ
ù
ü
ù
ö
÷
ò
ù
ø
ü
ñ
ð
û
ö
ó
û
ù
ú
ø
ù
ú
ø
ó
ó
ð
ò
ø
ù
ú
ü
ó
ñ
ï
ù
û
ð
ù
ò
ý
ò
ó
ö
ü
ü
ú
ó
ù
ó
ù
û
ù
ñ
ø
ï
ù
þ
ð
ò
ð
þ
ü
ñ
ù
ø
ù
ù
ø
ñ
ï
ð
þ
ü
ó
ð
þ
ò
ù
ø
ü
ð
ù
ñ
ï
þ
ð
þ
ü
ñ
ð
ñ
SRUWDQWRXQYDORUXQHMHUFLFLRGHHOHFFLyQGHYDORUHV\XQ
x
D\XGDQ D ORV HGXFDQGRV D GHFLGLU \ UHDOL]DU VX SUR\HFWR
GH YLGD &RPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ ORV YDORUHV
x
x
x
\ OD FRRSHUDFLyQ VRQ XVR \ FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH ³
ð
þ
û
ø
ù
ó
ð
ò
ø
ö
ò
ð
ð
ó
ó
þ
÷
ü
ü
ð
ù
ï
ø
ó
ï
ð
ø
þ
ù
ù
ü
ð
÷
ó
ø
û
ð
ü
ù
$VXPLU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV SURSLDV GH
$VXPLU OD FRQGLFLyQ SURSLD GH OD
FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQ
$VXPLU OD FRQGLFLyQ SURSLD GH OD
$VXPLUODFRRSHUDFLyQHQHOVHQWLGR
GH FRPSURPLVR KXPDQR LQGLYLGXDO
GH ODV UHODFLRQHV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
ELODWHUDOHVRPXOWLODWHUDOHV
HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOFRQFHSWXDOPHQWHKDEODQGRHOGHVDUUROOR
ù
÷
GHO WHUULWRULR PXQGLDO \ HQ HO PDUFR
3HURDGHPiVODHGXFDFLyQSRUHOGHVDUUROORHViPELWRGH
ù
û
VRFLDOKLVWyULFR\GHHVSHFLHGHQWUR
HGXFDFLyQ
ú
ù
UHODFLyQHGXFDFLyQGHVDUUROOR
HGXFDWLYRV VH YLQFXODQ DO FDUiFWHU \ DO VHQWLGR GH OD
ñ
ò
ORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
LPSOLFDQGHVWUH]DVKiELWRVDFWLWXGHV\FRQRFLPLHQWRVTXH
ó
FRQFHSWXDOGHODHGXFDFLyQSRUHOGHVDUUROOR
LQQRYDFLyQ
YDORUHV IRUPDWLYRV JHQHUDOHV \ FRPR WDO iPELWR JHQHUDO
GHEH GH VHU WUDWDGR SDUD GHVDUUROODU FRPSHWHQFLDV TXH
û
ö
HVDVtSRUTXHHOGHVDUUROOR\ODFRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROOR
H[LJHQDWHQGHUDODVFRQGLFLRQHVTXHVLQJXODUL]DQHOVHQWLGR
JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ SRUTXH FRQWULEX\H DO GHVDUUROOR GH
ð
ï
HO GHVDUUROOR VLQ DWHQGHU D HVRV WUHV FRPSRQHQWHV (VWR
UHODFLyQ
û
û
1R HV SRVLEOH OD HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´
/D HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR HV HVSHFt¿FDPHQWH iPELWR
ó
ø
ò
ð
ü
ó
ò
ü
ñ
ð
ð
ð
û
ñ
ú
ø
ù
ò
ù
ø
ü
ï
ð
÷
ó
ð
ö
ð
þ
þ
ù
ó
ñ
ò
ï
ò
ü
ñ
ó
ó
ù
û
þ
ú
ù
ù
ø
ù
þ
ñ
ð
ð
ó
ù
ó
ò
ð
ø
ð
÷
ù
ð
ï
ü
ú
ð
ü
ð
þ
ò
û
þ
ð
ó
ï
ù
ð
ð
ú
÷
ð
ó
ò
ú
ð
ù
ï
ó
ø
ø
ñ
ð
ð
ð
ñ
ò
ò
ö
ñ
ð
ü
ø
ñ
ø
ò
ö
ú
û
ù
ø
÷
þ
ù
ð
ð
ò
ü
ù
ð
þ
ð
÷
ü
ù
ö
ù
ï
ñ
ú
ð
ñ
ð
ú
ú
ð
ð
ù
ü
ø
þ
ò
ï
ï
ù
ò
ø
ð
÷
þ
ï
ù
ù
ñ
ð
ø
û
ø
ò
ü
ï
ò
ñ
ü
ð
$VXPLU HO GHVDUUROOR FRPR FRQMXQWR
GHFRPSHWHQFLDVSDUDTXHXQSXHEOR
ó
ð
x
ü
ñ
HV
GHFLUH[SHULHQFLDFRQFUHWDGDGHVGHODUHDOLGDGFXOWXUDOGHO
GHVDUUROOR\SRUHVRHVXQiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOTXH
GHEHIRUPDUSDUWHGHODHGXFDFLyQFRP~QGHODVSHUVRQDV
<SUHFLVDPHQWHSRUHVRODHGXFDFLyQ³SRU´HOGHVDUUROOR
HQ WDQWR TXH iUHD GH H[SHULHQFLD FXOWXUDO TXH LPSOLFD OD
FRQGLFLyQGHSODQHWDULDHVXQiPELWRGLIHUHQFLDGRGHODV
GHPiV iUHDV GH H[SHULHQFLD SRU VXV FRQWHQLGRV FXOWXUDOHV
HVSHFt¿FRV\DOLJXDOTXHSRGHPRVKDEODUGHODHGXFDFLyQ
SXHGD FRQVXPLU FRPR GHFLVRU
UHVSRQVDEOH SXHGD VRVWHQHU VX
UHODFLyQFRQHORWUR\ORRWURHQFDGD
HQWRUQR \ VHD FDSD] GH HPSUHQGHU
VXV SURSLRV SUR\HFWRV HV GHFLU
SXHGD IRUPDUVH HQ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG
HO FRQVXPR UHVSRQVDEOH \ HO
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR
(Q HO FRQWH[WR GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ OD
FRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVLPSOLFDFRQWHPSODU
OD LQQRYDFLyQ FRPR REMHWLYR QR FRPR PDQLIHVWDFLyQ GHO
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
FDPSRSURSLFLRSDUDHOXVR\FRQVWUXFFLyQGHH[SHULHQFLD
D[LROyJLFD
ó
I S N N
DSUHQGHDHOHJLUYDORUHV/DHGXFDFLyQSRUHOGHVDUUROORHV
ü
þ
N 5
VHHQVHxDQYDORUHV\FRQHOGHVDUUROOR\ODFRRSHUDFLyQVH
ð
ü
3
FRRSHUDFLyQVRQYDORUHVHQHOGHVDUUROOR\ODFRRSHUDFLyQ
ù
ø
HOGHVDUUROOR\OD
û
V O L
÷
ú
M a y o
VRFLDO KLVWyULFD \ GH HVSHFLH GHVGH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH
\ HO VHQWLGR LQWHUFXOWXUDO JORFDO SHUPDQHQWH \ JHQHUDO
YRFDFLRQDO\SURIHVLRQDOTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDWRGDHGXFDFLyQ
ò
-
FRQHOFDUiFWHUD[LROyJLFRSHUVRQDOLQWHJUDO\SDWULPRQLDO
ó
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
QHFHVLGDG GH FRQWHPSODU OD HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR
B o l e t í n
LQWHJUDQWHGHODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO
·
KDEODU GH OD HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ HO GHVDUUROOR FRPR SDUWH
1 9
PHMRUDUQXHVWURGHVDUUROOR
3RU PHGLR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ HO GHVDUUROOR VH FXEUHQ
ø
P L A N E T A R I A
HVSHFt¿FD GH FDGD iUHD SRGHPRV
HQ WDQWR TXH VRQ VXVFHSWLEOHV GH
GRPLQLRWHyULFRWHFQROyJLFR\SUiFWLFR
C I U D A D A N A
ItVLFD\GHODHGXFDFLyQDUWtVWLFDSRUHMHPSORFRPRSDUWHV
LQWHJUDQWHV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ JHQHUDO WDPELpQ SRGHPRV
7LHQHQVHQWLGRYRFDFLRQDO\SURIHVLRQDO
x
C O N V I V E N C I A
·
SRUTXHGHVGHODH[SHULHQFLDD[LROyJLFD
L A
E D U C A C I Ó N
û
ú
ù
ö
C O N V I V E N C I A
ð
ø
ù
û
ú
ð
þ
ø
ñ
ù
û
C I U D A D A N A
ð
ò
ò
ó
ü
ü
ó
ú
ù
þ
ø
ó
ü
P L A N E T A R I A
þ
ó
ø
ø
ó
ð
þ
ø
FULWHULR IRUPDO GH DSUHQGL]DMH \ FRQ LPSURQWD GH KXHOOD
GHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
VRQFRQFHSWRVTXHHVWiQOLJDGRVHQODVRFLHGDG
SHUVRQDO FUHDWLYD 1DGD GH HVR VH FRQVLJXH VLQ DFWXDU
LQWHQFLRQDOPHQWHHQODHGXFDFLyQSDUDDUWLFXODUUHODFLRQHV
GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR SXHV TXLHQ VH HGXFD VH FRPSURPHWH
OD WDUHD GH KDFHUVH DXWRU \
FRQ VX GHVDUUROOR \
HQWUH LQWHOLJHQFLD FRJQLFLyQ DIHFWLYLGDG \ FUHDWLYLGDG
QRVyORDFWRUGHVXVSURSLRVSUR\HFWRV<VLHVWRVHDSOLFD
LGHQWL¿FDGD HQ SURFHVRV \ SURGXFWRV TXH KDQ SURGXFLGR
D ORV SXHEORV HO GHVDUUROOR VH FRQYLHUWH HQ iPELWR GH
XQDQXHYDLPSURQWDXQDKXHOODGXUDGHUDHQODFUHDFLyQGH
HGXFDFLyQGHVGHODHVFXHODDWHQGLHQGRDORVSULQFLSLRVGH
LQQRYDFLyQSRUTXHHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVGHSHQGHGHO
FRQRFLPLHQWRVRQODEDVHGHOGHVDUUROORTXHQRHVXQDVXQWR
GHHPSUHVDSULYDGDVLPSOHPHQWHRGHODXQLYHUVLGDGHVXQD
´\HVWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHODFLHQFLD\OD
³
ù
û
ð
ò
ò
ó
ü
ü
ò
ù
ð
ú
ñ
ð
ñ
ù
ñ
ï
þ
ð
þ
ø
ø
ø
ó
ð
þ
ø
ó
ù
ö
÷
ò
ù
ø
ñ
ù
î
/D HYLGHQFLD GH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH OD UHDOLGDG SRU PHGLR
\RWURV2&'(+LGDOJR/HyQ\3DYyQ
7RXULxiQE
û
ù
ø
þ
ð
ú
ù
þ
ø
ó
ü
ó
ð
û
ó
þ
ù
ñ
ð
û
ú
ù
ö
ð
ñ
WHFQROyJLFRGHWDOPDQHUDTXHEXHQDSDUWHGHODDFHSWDFLyQ
GHOOXJDUGHOGHVDUUROORWHFQROyJLFRHQHOGHVDUUROORUHJLRQDO
GHSHQGHGHTXHVHDOFDQFHXQQLYHOGHFRPSUHQVLyQJHQHUDO
GH OD FLHQFLD \ GH OD WHFQRORJtD HQ OD VRFLHGDG VX¿FLHQWH
SDUDVHUYLUGHEDVHDODGLIXVLyQUiSLGD\JHQHUDOL]DGDGHODV
LQQRYDFLRQHV\GHODQXHYDWHFQRORJtD(OVLVWHPD
ù
þ
ø
ó
ü
ó
ð
ó
þ
ñ
ù
û
ú
ð
ñ
ó
HGXFDFLyQVHFRQYLHUWHQHQREMHWRGHODSROtWLFD7RXULxiQ
F0DUWtQ\RWURV+LGDOJR/HyQ\3DYyQ
7RXULxiQ7RXULxiQ\6iH]
2EYLDPHQWH OD VROXFLyQ VL OD KD\ KDEUi TXH EXVFDUOD
WDPELpQ GHVGH OD HGXFDFLyQ \ HVWR KDFH TXH
þ
ó
ø
ó
þ
ö
ù
ø
ú
ó
ù
ñ
ï
þ
ð
þ
ø
ø
ø
ó
ð
þ
ø
ù
ü
û
û
ú
ù
ù
ñ
ð
ñ
î
ù
ø
þ
ð
&76 VXUJH FRPR RSRVLFLyQ DO
PRGHOR WHFQROyJLFR XQLGLUHFFLRQDO FLHQFLDWHFQRORJtD
ULTXH]DELHQHVWDUSRUTXHVHDVXPHTXHHQGLFKRSURFHVR
HVWiQ LQKHUHQWHPHQWH XQLGRV HOHPHQWRV VRFLDOHV YDORUHV
PRUDOHV LQWHUHVHV SURIHVLRQDOHV SUHVLRQHV SROtWLFDV \
FRQGLFLRQDQWHV HFRQyPLFRV TXH WLHQHQ XQD LQÀXHQFLD
QRWDEOH HQ HO RULJHQ \ GHVDUUROOR GHO SURFHVR FLHQWt¿FR
WHFQROyJLFR
$VXYH]VDEHPRVTXH
ù
û
þ
ï
ò
ò
ø
ù
ø
ú
ð
ò
ù
ø
ø
ó
ð
ò
FRQFHSWRVTXHGDQFRQWHQLGRVLJQL¿FDWLYRDOFRQRFLPLHQWR
\ODHYLGHQFLDGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODUHDOLGDGSRUPHGLR
GH OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ KXPDQD HQIDWL]D HO XVR DSURSLDGR
GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR KDFLD OD FUHDFLyQ OD LQQRYDFLyQ \ OD
WHFQRORJtD OR FXDO SRQH GH UHOLHYH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GHO
ö
ð
DGTXLHUD XQ
VLJQL¿FDGRHVSHFt¿FRHQODVRFLHGDGDFWXDOUHODFLRQDGRFRQ
HOPRGRHQTXHHOVLVWHPDHVFRODUWUDQVIRUPDODLQIRUPDFLyQ
HQ FRQRFLPLHQWR \ HO FRQRFLPLHQWR HQ HGXFDFLyQ H
LQQRYDFLRQHV DWHQGLHQGR D SULQFLSLRV GH LQQRYDFLyQ
GHVDUUROOR\HGXFDFLyQTXHUHVXPLPRVHQHO&XDGUR
(VWD UHODFLyQ HQWUH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ \ RULHQWDFLyQ SROtWLFD
KDFLD HO GHVDUUROOR HV OD EDVH IXQGDPHQWDQWH GHO
\PHGLDWL]DGRUDGHOGHVDUUROOR
þ
ø
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
XQD³&XHVWLyQGH(VWDGR´\HVWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHODFLHQFLD
VHFRQYLHUWHHQREMHWRGHODSROtWLFD0DUWLQ0DUWtQ
I S N N
GHODHPSUHVDSULYDGDVLPSOHPHQWHRGHODXQLYHUVLGDGHV
ú
N 5
/DWHFQRORJtDHVODEDVHGHOGHVDUUROOR\HVWHQRHVXQDVXQWR
û
3
GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR KDFLD OD FUHDFLyQ OD LQQRYDFLyQ \ OD
WHFQRORJtD0HVVDGLp\D
ù
V O L
GH OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ KXPDQD HQIDWL]D HO XVR DSURSLDGR
ï
M a y o
HMH³FRQRFHUHGXFDULQQRYDU´
7RXULxiQ/DWHFQRORJtD\ODLQQRYDFLyQWHFQROyJLFD
-
UHDOLGDG \ QXHVWURV FRQWH[WRV \ HVR GHEHPRV KDFHUOR FRQ
FRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDGHVGHFLUFRQVHQWLGRGHGHUHFKRV
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
SRUTXHDVXPHQHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVFRQVHQWLGRGH
B o l e t í n
GHVFXEULULQQRYDUHLQYHQWDUSDUDFRQRFHU\WUDQVIRUPDUOD
·
0HVVDGLp D \ E +HPRV GH DSUHQGHU D
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ ODV VRFLHGDGHV TXH HVWiQ HQ FDPELR
2 0
FUHDWLYDVVLQRFRPRXQDQHFHVLGDGHVWUDWpJLFDJHQHUDOL]DGD
î
ñ
û
L A
·
GHVDUUROOR FUHDWLYR TXH HV SURSLR GH ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV
P A R A
E D U C A C I Ó N
ï
ð
ñ
ò
ó
õ
U
ù
V
ü
ð
þ
ø
ù
ø
ú
ò
ù
÷
ò
ø
þ
÷
ó
û
ñ
ù
ø
ø
ó
L A
ð
þ
C O N V I V E N C I A
ø
ñ
ù
û
ð
ò
ò
ó
ü
ü
ó
ù
ñ
C I U D A D A N A
ï
þ
ð
þ
P L A N E T A R I A
·
î
P A R A
ø
2 1
·
!
"
#
$
%
#
&
#
'
(
)
Æ
Æ
Ð
Ã
Ã
Ç
Å
$
Ï
Ç
Ë
Ç
3
$
Ç
Ï
'
Ð
Ç
Ô
Ó
Ç
Ç
Ð
É
Ó
Ç
+
%
#
-
$
Ó
É
Ó
,
Ó
É
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
Ä
Æ
2
Ã
Ã
1
#
B o l e t í n
0
*
Ó
/
.
-
7
F
7
6
@
7
8
;
>
.
.
8
8
A
7
6
7
8
;
7
6
8
<
M a y o
5
6
7
7
8
9
8
6
:
7
.
7
8
;
:
8
<
7
8
;
=
>
.
8
<
7
8
5
6
6
?
@
8
7
V O L
4
.
;
A
6
B
<
8
7
.
7
7
9
/
8
A
3
7
.
N 5
7
8
;
D
7
7
8
9
8
6
:
7
7
8
;
:
8
<
7
8
;
:
E
=
>
.
9
8
6
7
6
8
7
7
8
C
;
N
.
.
G
O
P
7
I
4
N
Q
O
G
9
B
9
/
8
6
7
7
8
;
I
R
G
I
4
S
4
N
Q
O
I
R
G
T
C
M
C
R
M
R
G
9
.
7
7
8
;
.
7
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
G
.
I
M
I S N N
C
G
7
7
8
;
.
.
9
8
9
8
6
6
8
/
8
8
H
I
7
7
8
/
8
8
J
H
H
C
7
6
8
<
8
K
J
L
8
/
8
8
J
ï
ù
ø
ú
ù
7RXULxiQS
3DUDPtHGXFDUSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVHVDVXPLU
HOFRPSURPLVRGHHGXFDUFRQODVRVWHQLELOLGDGHOFRQVXPR
(Q HO HMH FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQ LQQRYDFLyQ HO
UHVSRQVDEOH\HOHPSUHQGLPLHQWR
GHUHFHSWLYLGDGSRUTXHHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRQRVREOLJDDOD
UHFHSWLYLGDGUHVSHFWRGHODFUHDFLyQGHWHFQRORJtDDXWyFWRQD
(Q
HO
HMH
FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQ
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR
OD
\GHODSRVLELOLGDGGHDVLPLODUFUHDWLYDPHQWHODWHFQRORJtD
VRVWHQLELOLGDG HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GH
ÀH[LELOLGDG SRUTXH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG QRV REOLJD D VHU
H[LVWHQWHSDUDJHQHUDUGLIHUHQFLDOFRPSHWLWLYR
ÀH[LEOHVUHVSHFWRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHORVUHFXUVRV\GHVX
XVRFRPRUHFXUVRVOLPLWDGRVTXHKD\TXHRSWLPL]DU
(QHOHMHFRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQHOFRQVXPR
UHVSRQVDEOH HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GH
DFFHVLELOLGDGSRUTXHHOFRQVXPRUHVSRQVDEOHQRVREOLJD
D VHU GHFLVRUHV UHVSRQVDEOHV HQ HO DFFHVR D ORV ELHQHV \
UHFXUVRV OLPLWDGRV TXH KD\ TXH FRQVXPLU VLHPSUH TXH
DFFHGDPRVDHOORV
W
X
Y
X
(Q
Z
HO
[
[
HMH
\
]
^
_
`
[
]
a
b
[
^
c
d
e
[
]
a
b
[
c
^
\
[
f
g
f
]
^
`
a
h
a
\
a
c
[
FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQ
c
OD
VRVWHQLELOLGDG HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GH
ÀH[LELOLGDG SRUTXH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG QRV REOLJD D VHU
ÀH[LEOHVUHVSHFWRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHORVUHFXUVRV\GHVX
XVRFRPRUHFXUVRVOLPLWDGRVTXHKD\TXHRSWLPL]DU
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
KXPDQRV
REOLJDGRV D SODQWHDUQRV WDPELpQ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG GH OD
VLVWpPLFDGHOKRPEUHGHODQDWXUDOH]D
0HGLPRV HO DYDQFH GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRQ SDWURQHV GH
\GHOXQLYHUVR
UHIHUHQFLD DO JDVWR S~EOLFR HQ SRUFHQWDMH GHO 3,% +R\
x
VLVWpPLFDV \ VLQ ROYLGDU HO FRQWH[WR
KLVWyULFR
TXH OD FXOWXUD GH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG VHD LQYHUWLU FDGD YH]
)DFLOLWDUODFRRSHUDFLyQPXWXD
x
5HFXSHUDU \ UHFRQRFHU ODV FXOWXUDV
LQGtJHQDV ODV FXOWXUDV ORFDOHV \
OD FXOWXUD GH OR HFRQyPLFR GHO PHUFDGR SRU HO SURJUHVR
GLYHUVLGDGFXOWXUDO
XQ DOWR SUHFLR OD GHELOLWDFLyQ GHO SXQWR GH FRKHVLyQ GH
x
IRUPDVGHFRQRFLPLHQWR
ORV OD]RV GH FRPXQLGDG /DV FXOWXUDV TXH HVWiQ VLHQGR
GHVWUXLGDV HQ QRPEUH GHO SURJUHVR VRQ TXL]i OD PHMRU
IXHQWHSDUKDFHUXQEDODQFHUHVWDXUDGRUGHQXHVWUDVYLGDV
x
¿QGHPRGL¿FDUORVDFWXDOHVHVWLORVGHYLGDORVSDUiPHWURV
H[DJHUDGDPHQWH FRQVXPLVWDV ORV YDORUHV LPSHUDQWHV
HWFpWHUD TXH HQ GH¿QLWLYD KDFHQ TXH OR YHUGDGHUDPHQWH
LQVRVWHQLEOHVHDQQXHVWUDVYLGDV/DSURSXHVWDGHOGHVDUUROOR
LQGLYLGXRV
x
'HPRFUDWL]DU ORV PHGLRV
FRPXQLFDFLyQGHPDVDV
x
,QWHJUDU ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRV ODV
YDORUHV\FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV
GHDOWRFRQWHQLGRKXPDQtVWLFR\DTXHVXDOWHUQDWLYDUDGLFD
3DUDHOORQRHVQHFHVDULRFUHDURLGHDUXQDQXHYDSHGDJRJtD
GH
DSWLWXGHV \ DFWLWXGHV DVt FRPR ORV
VRVWHQLEOHGHEHYHUVHDEVROXWDPHQWHLPSOLFDGDHQYDORUHV
HQ HO ORJUR GHO GHVDUUROOR SHUVRQDO \ GH ODV FDSDFLGDGHV
KXPDQDV
3URPRYHU OD FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO
GLiORJR HQWUH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV \ ORV
0DUJOLQS
(OGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHUHTXLHUHGHODHVWUDWHJLDHGXFDWLYDD
9DORUDU \ DSR\DU ODV GLIHUHQWHV
x
$\XGDU D GHVDUUROODU FRPSURPLVR
pWLFR FRQ WRGDV ODV IRUPDV GH YLGD
FRQODVTXHFRPSDUWLPRVHOSODQHWD
7RGR OR FRQWUDULR /R TXH HV UHDOPHQWH LQQRYDGRU HQ OD
$KRUD ELHQ QDGD GH OR DQWHULRU GHEH KDFHUQRV ROYLGDU
HGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHVRQORVYDORUHVTXH
SDWURFLQD \ HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD HO GLVFXUVR PRUDO TXH OOHYD
TXH HO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH HV XQ YDORU \ ORV YDORUHV
LPSOtFLWR3HURVXSXHVWDHQPDUFKD\DSOLFDELOLGDGHQODV
UHDOL]DEOHV HV GHFLU SXHGHQ FRQYHUWLUVH HQ ¿QDOLGDGHV
DXODVVHGLULPHHQHVWUDWHJLDV\SUiFWLFDVUHFRQRFLGDV
R PHWDV GH QXHVWUD DFFLyQ \ GHFLVLyQ GH PDQHUD WDO TXH
x
3URSLFLDU SHQVDPLHQWR FUtWLFR H
LQQRYDGRU WUDQVIRUPDGRU GH OD
VRFLHGDG
x
)RUPDU FRQ FRQFLHQFLD ORFDO \
FRPR\DVDEHPRVVRQFRJQRVFLEOHVVRQHQVHxDEOHV\VRQ
VX UHDOL]DFLyQ DXQTXH HV XQD FXHVWLyQ GH RSRUWXQLGDG
SROtWLFDGHFRPSHWHQFLDGHORVHGXFDGRUHVHGXFDWLYLGDG\
GHFRPSHWHQFLDVDGHFXDGDVHQORVDOXPQRVHGXFDELOLGDG
WDPELpQ HV XQD FXHVWLyQ GH FRQFRUGDQFLD YDORUHV
VHQWLPLHQWRV \ HV IXQFLyQ GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HO ORJUR GH OD
YLQFXODFLyQ HQWUH VHQWLPLHQWRV SRVLWLYRV \ ORV YDORUHV GHO
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
PDWHULDO TXH HVWDPRV DOFDQ]DQGR HQ RFFLGHQWH SDJDPRV
SURPRYHU HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD OD
I S N N
\HVRQRVLHPSUHHVHTXLYDOHQWHDPiVPHGLRV\PiVGLQHUR
&RPRGLFH0DUJOLQWHQHPRVPXFKRTXHDSUHQGHUIUHQWHD
N 5
UHVSRQVDEOHVGHVXSURSLRGHVDUUROORLQGLYLGXDO\FROHFWLYR
x
3
PiVVLQRJHQHUDUHQFDGDSHUVRQDHOVHQWLGRGHGHFLVRUHV
V O L
GHOPHUFDGRFRPRSULQFLSLRRUJDQL]DGRUGHYLGD1RSDUHFH
M a y o
(VSDxDGHVWLQDHOGHO3,%3HURODFXOWXUDGHOD
VRVWHQLELOLGDGREOLJDDLUPiVDOOiGHODFXOWXUDHFRQyPLFD
$ERUGDU GH ODV FXHVWLRQHV FUtWLFDV
\ VRFLDOHV GHVGH SHUVSHFWLYDV
-
HQ HGXFDFLyQ OD 8QLyQ (XURSHD HVWDEOHFH OD PHGLD HQ
/RJUDU GH XQD YLVLyQ KROtVWLFD \
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
x
B o l e t í n
UHVSHWRDODVFXOWXUDV\DORVGHUHFKRV
·
DGHPiVODVROLGDULGDGODLJXDOGDGHO
VRVWHQLELOLGDG6LHGXFDPRVSDUDODVRVWHQLELOLGDGHVWDPRV
HQ GtD 6XHFLD LQYLHUWH HO GHO 3,% FRPR JDVWR S~EOLFR
(GXFDU HQ YDORUHV SURSLRV GHO
GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH HVWLPXODQGR
QRVH[LJHDIURQWDUODHGXFDFLyQPLVPDFRPRSUREOHPDGH
HGXFDFLyQ
2 2
x
·
WUDWD VyOR GH HGXFDU HQ OD LGHD GHO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH
VLQRGHDVXPLUTXHHODSUHQGL]DMHGHOGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOH
P L A N E T A R I A
SODQHWDULD
(VWDPRV REOLJDGRV D LPSUHJQDU OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ FXDQWR
WDO GH OD FXDOL¿FDFLyQ SURSLD GH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG 1R VH
C I U D A D A N A
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
GHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOH%HUP~GH]&RORP/HII
W
i
C O N V I V E N C I A
X
Z
[
[
\
]
^
_
`
[
]
a
b
C I U D A D A N A
[
^
c
d
e
[
]
a
b
P L A N E T A R I A
[
c
^
\
e
g
`
f
d
j
g
·
_
^
f
k
g
`
f
[
h
\
2 3
/LPyQ
^
DFFHVLELOLGDGSRUTXHHOFRQVXPRUHVSRQVDEOHQRVREOLJD
TXH HO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH WLHQH VX YHUGDGHUR VHQWLGR VL
VHSODQWHDFRPRVROXFLyQWRWDOSXHVLQFLGHHQODWRGDVODV
D VHU GHFLVRUHV UHVSRQVDEOHV HQ HO DFFHVR D ORV ELHQHV \
DFFHGDPRVDHOORV
FRPR DGYHUWtDPRV RFXUUH HQ FXDOTXLHU VRFLHGDG R SDtV
LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH VX QLYHO HFRQyPLFR 4XHUHPRV
(QHOFRQWH[WRPDFURHFRQyPLFRVHGLVWLQJXHHQWUH
þ
÷
l
ü
þ
\
ó
þ
ó
ø
û
ï
ö
ó
÷
ò
ð
ñ
ó
ø
û
ï
ö
ó
(O SULPHUR VH LGHQWL¿FD FRQ
ó
PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDODODFRQGLFLyQKXPDQDLQGLYLGXDOVRFLDO
JDVWRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDORVGHPiVHQWHVHLQVWLWXFLRQHVQR
HMHUFLFLRGHVXVDFWLYLGDGHV(OVHJXQGRVHLGHQWL¿FDFRQHO
KLVWyULFD\GHHVSHFLH7RXULxiQD
HO FHQWUR HGXFDWLYR HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD FRPXQLGDG TXH OR
OD HFRQRPtD JHQHUDO GH XQ SDtV SRU PHGLR GHO 3URGXFWR
,QWHULRU%UXWR3HURKHPRVDSUHQGLGRDGHPiVTXHHOJDVWR
N 5
UHQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFDGHODVHVFXHODV+D\TXHHVWUXFWXUDU
FRQFHSWRVWLHQHQFRQVHFXHQFLDV\HIHFWRVTXHLQFLGHQHQ
3
3ODQWHDUXQDRSFLyQHVFRODUHQSURGHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHO
GHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHHVXQDIRUPDH¿FD]GHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ\
V O L
S~EOLFRVVRQORVJDVWRVGHODVHPSUHVDVSULYDGDV\GHORV
FROHFWLYRVGHODVRFLHGDGFLYLO+HPRVDSUHQGLGRTXHDPERV
WLHQH XQ VHQWLGR PRGpOLFR \ PRWLYDGRU HQ OD VRFLHGDG
HQ JHQHUDO (VWH YDORU HGXFDWLYR GH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV \
VLQR WDPELpQ GHVGLEXMDQGR ORV FRQWRUQRV TXH OLPLWDQ
FROHFWLYRV GH VXV XVRV \ GH VXV FRVWXPEUHV GH JDVWR QR
VLHPSUH HV XWLOL]DGR FRQ VHQWLGR GH PRGHOR \ FRQVWLWX\H
VRVWHQLEOH FRQOOHYD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH XQD DPSOLDFLyQ
XQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVDWHQHUHQFXHQWDFXDQGRVHSUHWHQGH
GH ORV HVSDFLRV HGXFDWLYRV GH FRQFHELU OD HVFXHOD FRPR
LQÀXLU HQ OD FLXGDGDQtD HQ JHQHUDO SDUD PRGL¿FDU VXV
SDXWDV GH FRQGXFWD FRQ VHQWLGR HGXFDWLYR (V YHUGDG
HVSDFLR HVSHFLDOL]DGR GH HGXFDFLyQ VH SDVD D LQWHJUDU OD
FRPXQLGDGFRPRHVSDFLRPHGLR\PHQVDMHHGXFDWLYRSRU
TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ HV XQ IDFWRU GH GHVDUUROOR VRFLDO SHUR
RWUDSDUWHGHXQDYLVLyQH[FOXVLYDPHQWHFXOWXUDOLVWDGHOD
HVFXHODSDVDPRVDD¿DQ]DUODSHUVSHFWLYDPRUDOGHVHUYLFLR
WDPELpQ HV LQQHJDEOH TXH OD VRFLHGDG \ OD DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ
VRQ XQ IDFWRU LQFXHVWLRQDEOH GHO GHVDUUROOR HGXFDWLYR TXH
\ GH DWHQFLyQ D OD FRPXQLGDG TXH VLQ GXGD FRQWULEX\H D
VH HYLGHQFLD HQ HO YDORU HGXFDWLYR GH OD OHJLVODFLyQ \ HQ
KDFHUSDWHQWHHOVHQWLGRtQWLPR\SURIXQGRGHOFRQFHSWRGH
HVFXHOD
ODLQÀXHQFLDGHODVFRQGXFWDV\KiELWRVGHORV³PRGHORV´
GH WRGR WLSR HQ HO LPDJLQDULR FROHFWLYR GH OD FUHDWLYLGDG
(OFDVRHVTXHQRVFRUUHVSRQGHDQRVRWURVUHVSRQVDELOL]DUQRV
DUWtVWLFDGHODVRFLRLGHQWLWDULDGHODSRSXODU\GHPDVDV
\KDVWDGHODFUHDWLYLGDGFXOWXUDOFLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFD(V
\DEULUGH¿QLWLYDPHQWHHOGHEDWH1XHVWUDREOLJDFLyQPRUDO
SUHFLVRDQDOL]DUFRQVHQWLGRSHGDJyJLFRODLPSRUWDQFLDGH
QRVyORHVHQXQFLDU\DQXQFLDUHOIXWXURVLQRSRQHUGHVGH
ODLQÀXHQFLDIRUPDOQRIRUPDO\RLQIRUPDOGHODVRFLHGDG
HO SUHVHQWH ORV HOHPHQWRV QHFHVDULRV SDUD TXH HVWH IXWXUR
FLYLOODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQ\ODHPSUHVDHQODGLIXVLyQGHORV
PRGHORVGHFRQGXFWDDGRSWDGRVDQWHHOJDVWR\HOFRQVXPR
VHD HO PiV DGHFXDGR D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV DQDOL]DGDV /D
HGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHHVSRUDKRUDXQD
GHHVWDVSRVLELOLGDGHVVLHPSUHTXHVXIXQGDPHQWRVHDDO
7RXULxiQE
PLVPRWLHPSRGHVDUUROODUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRSHURHVRVtXQ
FRQRFLPLHQWR GHVDOLHQDGR DO VHUYLFLR GH OD KXPDQLGDG \
GHO SODQHWD (GXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH GHEH
VLJQL¿FDUHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\
DVXYH]GHVDUUROODUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRTXLHUHGHFLULQWHJUDU
HQ OD IRUPDFLyQ ORV SULQFLSLRV IXQGDPHQWRV \ SUiFWLFDV
SURSLDVGHOGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOH
%DMR HVWH SODQWHDPLHQWR JHQHUDO DO ODGR GH
TXHDQDOL]DQHOSURFHVRGHWRPD
GHGHFLVLRQHVGHORVFRQVXPLGRUHV\FRPSUDGRUHVVHKDQ
ö
ö
ð
ú
ù
ö
ý
ú
þ
ó
û
ù
û
ú
ð
ñ
û
ú
þ
ó
ó
ñ
ù
ü
ó
û
û
HODERUDGRPX\GLYHUVRVPRGHORVFX\RFRQWHQLGRSHUPLWH
DJUXSDUORV ELHQ HQ OD FDWHJRUtD GH
ö
ó
ñ
ù
ü
ó
û
÷
û
þ
ó
ü
þ
ó
û
SRUTXHFHQWUDQVXVDQiOLVLVHQORVSURFHVRVGHPRWLYDFLyQ
\ GH UHGXFFLyQ GH QHFHVLGDG GHO FRQVXPLGRU R ELHQ HQ
OD FDWHJRUtD GH
ö
ó
ñ
ù
ü
ó
û
ù
þ
ó
ø
ö
þ
ó
û
ó
þ
ó
ü
þ
ó
û
SRUTXH
IRFDOL]DQ HO DQiOLVLV GHO FRQVXPR HQ WpUPLQRV GH RIHUWD \
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
\ VHSDUDQ OD HVFXHOD GH OD VRFLHGDG (Q HVWH VHQWLGR HO
YROXQWDULDGR \ FRQ pO OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR
I S N N
GH ODV DGPLQLVWUDFLRQHV \ GH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV SULYDGDV
FRELMD DSRUWDQGR QR VyOR UHDOLVPR D VX IXQFLRQDOLGDG
M a y o
HO JDVWR GH ODV DGPLQLVWUDFLRQHV \ HQWHV S~EOLFRV HQ HO
-
VRVWHQLEOH HVWDPRV GH DOJXQD IRUPD KDFLHQGR PHQFLyQ D
XQDDOWHUQDWLYDJOREDO\FRPSOHMDTXHDIHFWDHQSHUVSHFWLYD
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
UHFXUVRV OLPLWDGRV TXH KD\ TXH FRQVXPLU VLHPSUH TXH
SUREOHPiWLFDV TXH SRVHH HO KRPEUH \ VX HQWRUQR< HVWR
B o l e t í n
GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLEOH \ HQ HVWH DUWtFXOR HV VX¿FLHQWH GHFLU
·
(QHOHMHFRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQHOFRQVXPR
UHVSRQVDEOH HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR GH
5HFLHQWHPHQWH KHPRV SXEOLFDGR XQ WUDEDMR VREUH
H[SUHVDUHQGH¿QLWLYDTXHFXDQGRKDEODPRVGHGHVDUUROOR
X
L A
E D U C A C I Ó N
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
ð
ò
ð
û
ð
ú
û
ð
þ
ù
ò
ü
ð
ø
ù
þ
ù
û
ñ
ð
ö
ó
ò
ù
þ
ù
þ
û
ï
ñ
ò
ð
û
ó
GH DOJR GH
ñ
ï
ù
ï
ú
ü
ð
m
ö
ó
ù
ø
ù
ò
ð
ò
ï
ø
þ
ó
ö
÷
ó
ò
ú
ð
ö
ù
ø
ú
ó
YLQFXODGR DO SURGXFWR GH FRQVXPR < GHVGH
HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ SHGDJyJLFD KHPRV
ó
û
ú
ù
ò
ó
ò
D XVDU \ FRQVWUXLU H[SHULHQFLD D[LROyJLFD SDUD FRUUHJLU
Û
Ü
é
ŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƌĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽƐƵĮĐŝĞŶƚĞLJƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƚŽƌŝŽ
ĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĐŽŵƉƵůƐŝǀŽ͘
ĞĮŶŝƌůŽƐŚĞĐŚŽƐƋƵĞƐŝŶŐƵůĂƌŝnjĂŶĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĞŶ
ĐĂĚĂĐĂƐŽ͘
ŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƌůŽƐƚĠƌŵŝŶŽƐĞŶƋƵĞƐĞƉůĂŶƚĞĂĞů
ĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĐĂĚĂƵŶŽ͘
ĐŽŵŽĚĂƌůŽƐƟĞŵƉŽƐĚĞĚŝĐĂĚŽƐĂůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ
;ŽƉŽƌƚƵŶŝĚĂĚ͕ƐŝŶƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂĐŝſŶͿ͘
/ĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƌĂĚĞĐƵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞůŽƐĞƐƉĂĐŝŽƐĚĞĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͘
ŝƐĐĞƌŶŝƌĐŽŶĐƌŝƚĞƌŝŽƐŽďƌĞůŽĐŽŶƐƵŵŝďůĞ͘
^ĂďĞƌĨŽƌŵƵůĂƌƉƌĞŐƵŶƚĂƐĂƵŶŽŵŝƐŵŽƐŽďƌĞĞůƐĞŶƟĚŽ
ĚĞůŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞ͘
Ø
Ù
Ú
Û
Ü
Ú
Ý
Þ
ß
Ù
à
á
â
ã
Û
ä
á
q
à
ë
ä
å
æ
ç
å
ä
ê
ë
r
s
ç
V O L
DEXVRVJHQHUDUQXHYRVXVRV\GHFLGLUUHVSRQVDEOHPHQWHHQ
ƵĂĚƌŽϲ͗^ŝŶĞƌŐŝĂƐƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĂƐƉĂƌĂĞĚƵĐĂƌĞŶĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ
à
é
v
à
Ú
y
á
x
ß
u
à
Ú
à
u
Ú
ê
u
ß
Û
é
u
z
Ú
{
N 5
ß
w
u
t
IRUPDFLyQGHGHFLVRUHVUHVSRQVDEOHVWDOFRPRUHVXPLPRV
î
ø
ð
ñ
ù
ò
ü
þ
ó
õ
n
ó
ø
û
ò
o
ï
ø
ö
ó
þ
ò
ù
û
÷
ó
÷
û
ó
ù
ø
û
ð
ø
ŽŵƉƌŽŵŝƐŽƐŽĐŝĂůLJƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŶĞůǀĂůŽƌĞĚƵĐĂƟǀŽ
ù
ü
ò
ð
ü
ù
û
÷
ð
ò
ð
ù
ø
ú
ù
ø
ñ
ù
ò
ï
p
þ
ï
ù
ø
ú
ĚĞůĂůĞŐŝƐůĂĐŝſŶ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞ
ð
ĞůŐĂƐƚŽƉƷďůŝĐŽƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞƐĞĂƵŶĞũĞŵƉůŽĚĞ
ù
ĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶĞŶĞůŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƌŝŽ
ZĞĐŽŶŽĐŝŵŝĞŶƚŽLJĂĐĞƉƚĂĐŝſŶĚĞƐşŵŝƐŵŽLJůŽŽƚƌŽĐŽŵŽ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽLJĐŽŵŽĐŽŶƐƵŵŝďůĞ͘
/ŶƚĞƌĂĐĐŝſŶĚĞĐŝƐŽƌĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚĞLJĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĐŽŵŽ
ĐŽŶũƵŶĐŝſŶĚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďŝůŝĚĂĚ͕ĚĞĂƵƚŽĚĞƐĂƌƌŽůůŽ͕ĚĞ
ĞƐĨƵĞƌnjŽLJĞdžĐĞůĞŶĐŝĂĚĞůŐĂƐƚŽ͕ĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐĐŝſŶLJƵƐŽĚĞů
ƉĂƚƌŝŵŽŶŝŽ͘
ƉƌĞŶĚŝnjĂũĞƐŝƚƵĂĚŽĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĐŽŵŽŝŶƚĞƌĂĐĐŝſŶĞŶƚƌĞ
ƉƌŽLJĞĐƚŽƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů͕ĞĐŽŶŽŵşĂLJĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͘
ĐŽůĞĐƟǀŽLJƉĂƌĂĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽƉƌŝǀĂĚŽ͘
&ŽŵĞŶƚŽĚĞĂƐŽĐŝĂĐŝŽŶĞƐĞŶƚƌĞůĂƐŽĐŝĞĚĂĚĐŝǀŝů
ĨĂǀŽƌĂďůĞƐĂĐŽŶƐƵŵŝƌ
ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞŵĞŶƚĞ͘
ŽŶƚƌŽůƚĞĐŶŽͲĠƟĐŽĚĞůŽƐŵĞĚŝŽƐƉĂƌĂŐĂƌĂŶƟnjĂƌůĂ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐĐŝſŶ͕ůĂĐŽŵĞƌĐŝĂůŝnjĂĐŝſŶ
LJůĂĚŝĨƵƐŝſŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚĂĚĂĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŝďůĞ͘
ZĞĨŽƌnjĂƌůĂĨŽƌŵĂĐŝſŶĚĞƉĂĚƌĞƐLJƉƌŽĨĞƐŽƌĞƐƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŽĚĞ
'ƌĂĚŽƐĚĞůŝďĞƌƚĂĚƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůLJĞĐŽŶſŵŝĐĂĞŶĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĚĞ
ĐĂƌĄĐƚĞƌŽĐĂƐŝŽŶĂů͕ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚĂůLJŚĂďŝƚƵĂů͘
ůĂĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶƉĂƌĂĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͕ĞůĂďŽƌĂŶĚŽŐƵşĂƐĚŝĚĄĐƟĐĂƐ
ŽŶŽĐĞƌůĂĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂ͕ƉƌŽĐĞƐŽLJƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͘
LJŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůĞƐĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůĂƌĞƐƋƵĞĂƟĞŶĚĂŶĂůĂĐŽŶĐƌĞĐŝſŶ
ĚĞůĂƐŽƌŝĞŶƚĂĐŝŽŶĞƐ͘
&ŽƌŵĂƌĚĞĐŝƐŽƌĞƐĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚĞƐƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŽĚĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͕
Ø
Ù
Ú
Û
Ü
Ú
Ý
Þ
ß
Ù
à
á
â
ã
Û
ä
q
á
à
ë
ä
å
æ
ç
å
ä
ê
ë
r
s
ç
ĞƐƚĂďůĞĐŝĞŶĚŽĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĂƐƉĂƌĂ͗
ŐĞŶĞƌĂƌĐůŝŵĂĨĂǀŽƌĂďůĞĂůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞ͕
ƉƌŽƉŝĐŝĂƌĐŽŵƉƌŽŵŝƐŽƐŚĂĐŝĂĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽƐŽƐƚĞŶŝďůĞ͕
ĨŽƌƚĂůĞĐĞƌĞůĚĞƐĂƌƌŽůůŽĚĞƉĂƵƚĂƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĞƐĚĞ
ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĂƉĂƚƌŝŵŽŶŝĂůĞŶĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ͘
ƐƚĂďůĞĐĞƌƵŶĂWŽůşƟĐĂŝŶƚĞŐƌĂůĚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďŝůŝĚĂĚ
ĐŽŵƉĂƌƟĚĂƉĂƌĂĂĮĂŶnjĂƌĞůůŽŐƌŽ
ĚĞŚĄďŝƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŶƐƵŵŽLJĚĞĐŝƐŽƌĞƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞƐ
Ø
Ù
Ú
Û
Ü
Ú
Ý
Þ
ß
Ù
à
á
â
ã
Û
ä
q
á
à
ë
ä
å
æ
ç
å
ä
ê
ë
r
s
å
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
ù
ï
I S N N
HQORV&XDGURV\
3
FRQVXPRDWHQGLHQGRDSULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHV\SDUWLFXODUHV\
DVLQHUJLDVSURDFWLYDVTXHGDQFRQWHQLGRDODVHVWUDWHJLDVGH
M a y o
VXEHStJUDIHV D FRQWLQXDFLyQ FRQ REMHWR GH DSUHQGHU
Ú
-
GH DVXPLU ODV OtQHDV GH WHQGHQFLD TXH IRUPXODPRV HQ
Ù
t
ZĞĐŽŶŽĐĞƌůĂŝĚĞŶƟĚĂĚĚĞůƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽŽďŝĞŶĐŽŶƐƵŵŝďůĞ͘
û
GHSRQHUHQPDUFKDHOSURFHVR
ñ
GH WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV \ GH
÷
ó
ù
ß
v
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
þ
÷
ø
Ù
u
B o l e t í n
PRGRV GH UHFRQRFHU HO GHVHR \ OD
LGHQWL¿FDUHOELHQFRQVXPLEOH
Û
·
7RGRV HVWRV PRGHORV KDQ JHQHUDGR XQ FRQMXQWR GH
FRQRFLPLHQWRV UHDOPHQWH ~WLO DFHUFD GH GLYHUVLGDG GH
ß
t
2 4
SHUVSHFWLYDVRFLRHFRQyPLFD
P L A N E T A R I A
ƵĂĚƌŽϱ͗WƌŝŶĐŝƉŝŽƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĞƐƉĂƌĂĞŶƚĞŶĚĞƌƋƵĠ
SDWURQHV VRFLDOHV GH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GHO FRQVXPLGRU HQ
VXUHODFLyQFRQORVSURGXFWRVRGHRWURVFRPSDWLEOHVFRQOD
C I U D A D A N A
·
GHPDQGD GH UHODFLyQ FDOLGDGSUHFLRFRVWH SURGXFFLyQ GH
P A R A
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
·
2 5
ƵĂĚƌŽϳ͗ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĂƐƋƵĞĂƚĞŶƚĂŶĐŽŶƚƌĂůĂĨŽƌŵĂĐŝſŶĚĞůĚĞĐŝƐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞ
·
ϭ͘
Ž
Š
‹
Œ

Ž
Š
‹
Œ

Ž
Š
‹
Œ

Ž
ϲ͘
ϳ͘
ϴ͘
ϵ͘
Š
‹
Œ

Ž
Š
‹
Œ

Ž
Š
‹
Œ

Ž
Ù
Ú
Š
‹
Û
Œ

Œ

…
€
„
ƒ
}
~

€
†
†
ƒ
‡
ˆ
‰

‘
Ž
’

“
Ž


Ž
”
”
‘
•
–
‘
–
Œ



‹
Ž
’
Ž
—
Ž

Ž

˜
‘
Œ
Ž


“
™
Ž
“
™
Ž
š
›

œ


‘
Ž
’

“
Ž


Ž

™

–
Œ
Ž
”
‘
•
–
›
—
›

Œ
ž
–
‘
‹
Œ
Ž
’

“
”
Ž
™
Ÿ
‘
›
œ
^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞŚĂĐĞƌ
ƋƵĞƐĞĂĐĞƉƚĞƵŶĂĚĞĐŝƐŝſŶŝŵƉŽƉƵůĂƌƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĄŶĚŽůĂĐŽŵŽ͞ĚŽůŽƌŽƐĂ͕ŶĞĐĞƐĂƌŝĂLJ
ůĂŵĞŶŽƐŵĂůĂ͟LJͬŽĚĞŵŽƌĂƌƐƵŝŵƉůĂŶƚĂĐŝſŶ͘^ĞďƵƐĐĂůĂĂĐĞƉƚĂĐŝſŶƉƷďůŝĐĂƉŽƌ
ƌĞƐŝŐŶĂĐŝſŶLJƉŽƌůĂĞƐƉĞƌĂŶnjĂŝŶŐĞŶƵĂĚĞƋƵĞ͞ƚŽĚŽŝƌĄŵĞũŽƌŵĂŹĂŶĂ͟LJƋƵĞĞů
ƐĂĐƌŝĮĐŝŽĞdžŝŐŝĚŽƉŽĚƌĄƐĞƌĞǀŝƚĂĚŽ͘
Œ


‘
Ž
’



‹
‘

–
Ž
”
‘
•
–
Ž
“
™
Ž
“
™

–
›

š
’
‘



‘
™
‘

–
Œ
›
’

“
Ž
Ž
—
“
‘
”
Ž
”
‘
•
–
œ
^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞĚŝƌŝŐŝƌƐĞĂůƉƷďůŝĐŽĐŽŵŽƐŝĞů
ƐŝƐƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůĨƵĞƌĂƵŶĂĐŽƉŝĂĚĞůƐŝƐƚĞŵĂƌĞĂů͕ƚĂůĐŽŵŽƐŝůĂŝŵĂŐĞŶƋƵĞŶŽƐ
ŚĂĐĞŵŽƐĚĞůĂƐĐŽƐĂƐĨƵĞƌĂƌĞĚƵƉůŝĐĂƟǀĂLJŶŽƐĞůĞĐĐŝŽŶĂƌĂŶĞĐĞƐĂƌŝĂŵĞŶƚĞĐŝĞƌƚŽƐ
ĂƐƉĞĐƚŽƐĚĞůŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů͘ůƌĞĐĞƉƚŽƌĚĞďĞƌşĂĂƐƵŵŝƌƋƵĞůĂƐĐŽƐĂƐƐŽŶƚĂůĐŽŵŽƉĂƌĞĐĞŶŽ
ŶŽƐĚŝĐĞŶƋƵĞƐŽŶ͖ƋƵĞŶŽŚĂLJŶĂĚĂŵĄƐŝŶǀĞŶƚĂĚŽŽĂĚĞƐĐƵďƌŝƌĚĞƚƌĄƐĚĞůŽĚŝĐŚŽ͘^Ğ
ƚƌĂƚĂĚĞŝŶĨĂŶƟůŝnjĂƌĂůƌĞĐĞƉƚŽƌƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĐƚƷĞĂůĞũĂĚŽĚĞůĂĐŽŵƉůĞũŝĚĂĚĚĞůŽƌĞĂů͘
Œ


‘
Ž
’

Ž
—

“
Ž
”
‘
•
–
Ž
“


Ž
“
‘
‹
™
›
‘
–


–
ž
›
͘^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞƵƟůŝnjĂƌĞůĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĞŵŽĐŝŽŶĂůƉĂƌĂĐĂƵƐĂƌ
ƵŶĐŽƌƚĞĞŶĞůĂŶĄůŝƐŝƐƌĂĐŝŽŶĂůLJĮŶĂůŵĞŶƚĞďůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞůƐĞŶƟĚŽĐƌşƟĐŽĚĞůŽƐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵŽƐ͘
Œ


‘
Ž
’


›
”
Ž
“
‘
¡
Ž
”
‘
•
–

™
›
”
‘
›
–
Ž
“
^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞŵĂŶƚĞŶĞƌĂůƉƷďůŝĐŽĞŶůĂŝŐŶŽƌĂŶĐŝĂLJůĂ
ŵĞĚŝŽĐƌŝĚĂĚ͕ĞǀŝƚĂŶĚŽůĂĨŽƌŵĂĐŝſŶƋƵĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĂůĂƐĠůŝƚĞƐĂĐĐĞĚĞƌĂůĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŶƐŝſŶ
ĚĞůĂƐƚĞĐŶŽůŽŐşĂƐLJůŽƐƐŝƐƚĞŵĂƐĚĞƌĞŐůĂƐLJŶŽƌŵĂƐ͘
Œ


‘
Ž
’

“
Ž
’
‘
‹
Œ
Ž
–
”
‘
Ž
‘
“
ž
‹
Œ

Ž
’
Ž
œ
^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞĞƐƟŵƵůĂƌĂůƉƷďůŝĐŽƉĂƌĂƋƵĞ
ƐĞĂĐŽŵƉůĂĐŝĞŶƚĞĐŽŶůĂŵĞĚŝŽĐƌŝĚĂĚ͕ĚĞŵĂŶĞƌĂƚĂůƋƵĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞŶŽƌŵĂůLJĚĞŵŽĚĂ
ůĂƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĂƐLJƌĞƐƉƵĞƐƚĂƐǀƵůŐĂƌĞƐ͕ŝƌƌĞǀĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͕ŝĐŽŶŽĐůĂƐƚĂƐ͕ŝŶĐƵůƚĂƐ͕ĞƐƚƷƉŝĚĂƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘
Œ


‘
Ž
’

–
›

™
Ž
“
‘
¡
Ž
”
‘
•
–
’

“
Ž
™

’
‘
›
”

‘
’
Ž
’
œ
^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞŚĂĐĞƌĐƌĞĞƌĂůŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵŽ
ƋƵĞĠůĞƐĞůƷŶŝĐŽĐƵůƉĂďůĞĚĞƐƵƉƌŽƉŝĂĚĞƐŐƌĂĐŝĂ͕ĚĞďŝĚŽĂůĂŝŶƐƵĮĐŝĞŶĐŝĂĚĞƐƵ
ŝŶƚĞůŝŐĞŶĐŝĂ͕ĚĞƐƵƐĐĂƉĂĐŝĚĂĚĞƐ͕ŽĚĞƐƵƐĞƐĨƵĞƌnjŽƐ͘^ĞďƵƐĐĂůĂŝŶĨƌĂǀĂůŽƌĂĐŝſŶƉĂƌĂ
ůŽŐƌĂƌůĂŝŶŚŝďŝĐŝſŶĚĞƐƵĂĐĐŝſŶŽůĂŝŵƉŽƚĞŶĐŝĂ͘
Œ
Œ
Ü
„
^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞůŽŐƌĂƌƋƵĞƐĞĂĐĞƉƚĞŶ
ŵĞĚŝĚĂƐŝŶĂĐĞƉƚĂďůĞƐ͕ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŽƐƵĐŽŶƚĞŶŝĚŽ͕ĚĞƐĚĞůĂƐĞŐƵƌŝĚĂĚĚĞƋƵĞĂƐşƐĞ
ƉŝĞƌĚĞĞůƐĞŶƟĚŽŐůŽďĂůĚĞůĂƐŵŝƐŵĂƐ͕ƉĞƌŽŶŽĞůůŽŐƌŽĮŶĂů͘
Ž
‹
€
^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞĐƌĞĂƌƐŝƚƵĂĐŝŽŶĞƐ
ĚĞƚĞƌƌŽƌ͕ƉĄŶŝĐŽ͕ŵŝĞĚŽ͕ŝŶƚƌĂŶƋƵŝůŝĚĂĚŽŝŶƐĞŐƵƌŝĚĂĚƉĂƌĂĐĂƵƐĂƌůĂƌĞĂĐĐŝſŶŝŶƚĞƌĞƐĂĚĂ
ĚĞůƉƷďůŝĐŽ͕ĚĞŵĂŶĞƌĂƋƵĞƐĞĂĞƐƚĞĞůĚĞŵĂŶĚĂŶƚĞĚĞůĂƐŵĞĚŝĚĂƐƋƵĞƐĞƋƵŝĞƌĞŶ
ŝŵƉůĂŶƚĂƌ͘WŽƌĞũĞŵƉůŽ͗ĚĞũĂƌƋƵĞƐĞŝŶƚĞŶƐŝĮƋƵĞŽƉƌŽƉŝĐŝĂƌůĂǀŝŽůĞŶĐŝĂƵƌďĂŶĂ͕ĂĮŶ
ĚĞƋƵĞĞůƉƷďůŝĐŽĚĞŵĂŶĚĞůĞLJĞƐĚĞƐĞŐƵƌŝĚĂĚLJƉŽůşƟĐĂƐĞŶƉĞƌũƵŝĐŝŽĚĞůĂƐůŝďĞƌƚĂĚĞƐ͖
ŝŶƐŝƐƟƌĞŶƋƵĞĚĞďĞŶĂĐĞƉƚĂƌƐĞůĂƐŶŽƌŵĂƐŝŵƉůĂŶƚĂĚĂƐƉŽƌƋƵĞ͕ĚĞŶŽŚĂĐĞƌůŽ͕ŽƚƌĂƐ
ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐŝĂƐŝŵƉŽŶĚƌĄŶŽƚƌĂƐƉĞŽƌĞƐŽƐƵĂƵƐĞŶĐŝĂƐĞƌşĂĐĂƚĂƐƚƌſĮĐĂ͘

Š
ϭϬ͘
Ø
Œ
ƒ

Ú


‘
Ž
’




›

¡
Ž
™
‘

–
Œ
›
’

“
Ž
Ž
ž
Œ
›
”
ž
“
—
Ž
Ÿ
‘
“
‘
’
Ž
’
œ
͘^ĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞƵƟůŝnjĂƌĞů
ĐŽŶŽĐŝŵŝĞŶƚŽƉĂƌĂůŽŐƌĂƌĞůĐŽŶƚƌŽůĚĞůĂĂĐĐŝſŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŽĐŽůĞĐƟǀĂƉŽƌŵĞĚŝŽĚĞů
ĐŽŶĚŝĐŝŽŶĂŵŝĞŶƚŽ͕ůĂĐŽĂĐĐŝſŶ͕ůĂŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂĐŝſŶLJĂĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĂŵŝĞŶƚŽ͘
Ž
Ý
Œ
Þ

ß

Ù
‘
à
Ž
á
’
â
ã

Û
‘
ä
q
–
‹
á
à
Œ
ë
ä

å
ž
™
æ

ç
å
–
ä
ê
Œ
Ž
ë
“
r
‘
s
¡
Ž
r
”
‘
•
–
’

“
”
›
–
›
”
‘
™
‘

–
Œ
›
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6

‚
I S N N
Œ

N 5
‹
~
3
Š
ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞĞŶĚĞƐǀŝĂƌůĂĂƚĞŶĐŝſŶĚĞůƉƷďůŝĐŽĚĞůƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĐĞŶƚƌĂů
LJĚĞůŽƐĐĂŵďŝŽƐĚĞĐŝĚŝĚŽƐŵĞĚŝĂŶƚĞůĂƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂĐŝſŶĚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂĐŝŽŶĞƐĂůĞũĂĚĂƐĚĞů
ǀĞƌĚĂĚĞƌŽƐƉƌŽďůĞŵĂ͕ĚĞŵĂŶĞƌĂƚĂůƋƵĞƐĞŵĂŶƟĞŶĞĂůĚĞĐŝƐŽƌŽĐƵƉĂĚŽLJĚŝƐƚƌú̎
ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞŶŽƉŝĞŶƐĞĞŶůĂĐƵĞƐƟſŶ͘
V O L
€
M a y o
ϱ͘

-
ϰ͘
~
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
ϯ͘
}
B o l e t í n
Ϯ͘
|
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
HGLFLyQ WLHQH GRV VLJQL¿FDGRV HO GH DFFLyQ \ HIHFWR
SURSLRGHVDUUROOR
GH HPSUHQGHU DFRPHWHU XQD REUD \ HO GH FXDOLGDG GH
(QODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOFRQVXPRLJXDOTXHHQODHGXFDFLyQ
HQ JHQHUDO DGHPiV GH HVWLPDU SHUVRQDOPHQWH HO YDORU
¿QDOLGDGHV1RSRURWUDFRVDVLQRSRUHVWDSRGHPRVGHFLU
HVWD REUD HUD QHFHVDULR´ DFFLyQ \ HIHFWR \ WDPELpQ OR
WLHQHD¿UPDUTXH³DGPLURDHVWDSHUVRQDSRUVXIRUWDOH]D\
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR´FXDOLGDG
GHPDQHUDWDOTXHHPSUHQGHGRUQRHVSULPDULDPHQWHHOTXH
TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR VH FRQYLHUWD
REWLHQHXQSDJRSRUFRQWUDWRVLQRHOTXHDVXPHULHVJRVPiV
HQ iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ 1R VH WUDWD GH KDFHU
TXHHOJDQDGRUGHVDODULR<HVWDFRQFHSFLyQTXHSHUGXUy
HPSUHVDULRV SURIHVLRQDOHV VLQR GH ORJUDU OD FRQFRUGDQFLD
GH YDORU \ VHQWLPLHQWR UHVSHFWR GHO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR HQ
KDVWDFRPLHQ]RVGHOVLJOR;;HPSLH]DDFDPELDUFXDQGR
HPSUHQGHGRUVHDVRFLDDOVLJQL¿FDGRGHLQQRYDUHLQYHQWDU
ODHGXFDFLyQJHQHUDOSRUTXHWRGRVWHQHPRVTXHXVDUORV
ORV HPSUHQGHGRUHV VRQ TXLHQHV LPSOHPHQWDQ HO FDPELR
YDORUHVGHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRSDUDGLULJLUQXHVWUDSURSLDYLGD
GHPDQHUDSUiFWLFD+R\SRUKR\QRHVSRVLEOHVLJQL¿FDU
TXHUHTXLHUHGHKiELWRVRSHUDWLYRVGHDJHQWH\SUR\HFWLYRV
HPSUHQGHGRUVLQXQLUORDLQQRYDGRU
´
¶
·
´
¸
´
»
·
(Q RWUDV SDODEUDV VH VXJLHUH TXH OD GLIHUHQFLD FHQWUDO
HQWUHSHUVRQDVGHOWLSRGHSRUHMHPSOR%LOO*DWHVR6WHYH
¢
£
¤
£
¥
¦
¦
§
¨
©
ª
«
¦
¨
¬
­
¦
©
®
¯
°
¦
¨
¬
­
¦
®
©
§
©
±
²
ª
©
«
®
¬
±
¬
©
«
¨
-REV \ RWURV QR HV TXH pVWRV VHDQ ORV ~QLFRV GLVSXHVWRV
³
(Q HO HMH FRQRFLPLHQWRHGXFDFLyQ LQQRYDFLyQ HO
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR HV OD SURSLHGDG TXH VH XQH DO SULQFLSLR
GHUHFHSWLYLGDGSRUTXHHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRQRVREOLJDDOD
UHFHSWLYLGDGUHVSHFWRGHODFUHDFLyQGHWHFQRORJtDDXWyFWRQD
\GHODSRVLELOLGDGGHDVLPLODUFUHDWLYDPHQWHODWHFQRORJtD
D DVXPLU ULHVJRV R ORV ~QLFRV FDSDFHV GH HOOR VLQR TXH
HVWRVSHUVRQDMHVQRQHFHVDULDPHQWHPRWLYDGRVGHIRUPD
SULQFLSDO SRU OD JDQDQFLD VRQ FDSDFHV GH LQWURGXFLU
LQQRYDFLRQHV TXH PRGL¿FDQ SURIXQGDPHQWH DOJ~Q iUHD
GH OD YLGD VRFLDO HFRQyPLFD FXOWXUDO DUWtVWLFD SHUVRQDO
H[LVWHQWHSDUDJHQHUDUGLIHUHQFLDOFRPSHWLWLYR
HWF 3RVWHULRUPHQWH DSDUHFHUiQ RWURV TXH FRSLDQ R
(GXFDU SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR LPSOLFD HGXFDU FRQ OD
ULHVJR SHUR QR VRQ VHJ~Q HVWD FRQFHSFLyQYHUGDGHURV
VRVWHQLELOLGDG HO FRQVXPR \ HO HVStULWX HPSUHVDULDO R OR
TXHHVORPLVPRHGXFDUFRQHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRSRUTXHHO
GHVDUUROOR HV XQD DFFLyQ GH HPSUHQGLPLHQWR TXH LPSOLFD
UHQWDELOLGDGOLGHUD]JR\FRPSHWLWLYLGDG<QRVHHQWLHQGD
HO SiUUDIR DQWHULRU HQ VHQWLGR PDWHULDO \ HFRQyPLFR
SRUTXH HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR H[LJH LU PXFKR PiV DOOi HO
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR WLHQH XQ VHQWLGR SHUVRQDO \ SULPDULR HQ
HOGHVDUUROORSHUVRQDOTXLHQVHHGXFDVHFRPSURPHWHFRQ
ODWDUHDGHKDFHUVHDXWRU\QRVyOR
VXGHVDUUROOR
´
µ
¶
·
´
¸
¹
´
DFWRUGHVXVSURSLRVSUR\HFWRV
&RQYLHQH LQVLVWLU HQ HO SXQWR GH SDUWLGD TXH VH GLFH
³(PSUHQGLPLHQWR \ HVStULWX HPSUHQGHGRU´ QR
³HPSUHQGXULVPR´ QL ³HPSUHQGHGXULVPR´ TXH VRQ PDODV
WUDGXFFLRQHV GH OD SDODEUD LQJOHVD
´
¸
º
·
´
¶
·
´
¸
´
»
·
¼
½
¾
¶
¿
À
Á
WpUPLQRTXHVHXVDSDUDGHVFULELUHOHVStULWXHPSUHQGHGRUR
HOtPSHWXSRULQLFLDUDOJRHQVHQWLGRHPSUHVDULDO
DGRSWDQ HVDV LQQRYDFLRQHV TXLHQHV WDPELpQ DVXPHQ XQ
HPSUHQGHGRUHV VLQR PiV ELHQ KRPEUHV GH QHJRFLRV
FRPHUFLDQWHV R HPSUHVDULRV HQ VHQWLGR HVWULFWR 1R
WRGR FRPHUFLDQWH R HPSUHVDULR HV HPSUHQGHGRU HQ HO
VHQWLGR HVWULFWR YLQFXODGR D OD LQQRYDFLyQ (VWD YLVLyQ
GHO HPSUHQGHGRU FRPR FUHDGRU GH FXOWXUD HVSHFLDOPHQWH
PDWHULDO R GHVDUUROOR HFRQyPLFR SXHGH VHU FRQFHELGD
FRPR XQD UHD¿UPDFLyQ GHO HPSUHQGHGRU FRPR XQ KpURH
FXOWXUDOKWWSHVZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL(PSUHQGHGRUIHFKDGH
FRQVXOWDGHDEULOGH
6L HVWR HV DVt VH HQWLHQGH TXH HO HPSUHQGHGRU HV DTXHO
TXH WLHQH HPSUHQGLPLHQWR OD FXDOLGDG \ SRU WHQHU
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR HPSUHQGH ODV REUDV GH XQD PDQHUD
HVSHFLDO TXH OH SHUPLWH LQQRYDU \ WUDQVIRUPDU ORV
SURGXFWRV 3RU VXSXHVWR TXH SXHGH JDQDU GLQHUR FRQ OD
WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ SHUR QR HV HVD OD VLJQL¿FDFLyQ HVSHFt¿FD
GHOWpUPLQRHPSUHQGLPLHQWR
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
GHDXWRU
·
I S N N
H[LJHIRUPDFLyQFRQHOFRQVXPRSHURVLQJXODUPHQWHH[LJH
º
N 5
FRQWUDWR3HURORFLHUWRHVTXHHOFRQFHSWRKDHYROXFLRQDGR
¸
3
SURSLRREMHWLYR<VLHVWRHVDVt³(GXFDUSRUHOGHVDUUROOR´
´
V O L
DVXPLPRVHVHYDORUHQOD¿QDOLGDGFRPRXQDSDUWHLQWHJUDQWH
GHQXHVWURSUR\HFWRGHYLGDKDFHPRVGHQRVRWURVQXHVWUR
HPSUHQGHGRU HV XQ FRQFHSWR UHODFLRQDGR FRQ HO WpUPLQR
TXHVLJQL¿FDHOTXHVHHQFDUJDGHXQD
IUDQFpV
REUDVHDHVWHHODOEDxLORHOLQJHQLHUR\REWLHQHXQSDJRSRU
M a y o
(QHOVHQWLGRPiVWUDGLFLRQDOGHHPSUHQGHUXQDDFFLyQVHU
VyOR KDFHPRV XQD HVWLPDFLyQ GHO YDORU VLQR TXH WDPELpQ
-
TXHHQODHGXFDFLyQFXDQGRQRVPDUFDPRV¿QDOLGDGHVQR
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
WHQHPRV TXH HOHJLUOR FRPR SDUWH LQWHJUDQWH GH QXHVWUDV
HPSUHQGHGRU 7LHQH VHQWLGR GHFLU ³HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR GH
B o l e t í n
³HPSUHQGLPLHQWR´ TXH VHUi LQFRUSRUDGR HQ VX SUy[LPD
FRQVXPRHVDFRUGHFRQODFRQGLFLyQGHDJHQWHVGHQXHVWUD
·
GHODUHODFLyQFRQHORWUR\ORRWURHQODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHO
2 6
3DUD OD 5HDO$FDGHPLD (VSDxROD GH OD OHQJXD HO WpUPLQR
·
(O UHFRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH OD DIHFWLYLGDG \
E D U C A C I Ó N
P A R A
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
P L A N E T A R I A
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ QR HV GH RPLVLyQ VLQR GH FRPSURPLVR
ODV SHUVRQDV IRPHQWDQGR VX DXWRHVWLPD \ FRQ¿DQ]D
DFWLYR FRQ HO GHVDUUROOR GH FRPSHWHQFLDV SURSLDV GHO
/RV HVWXGLDQWHV DSUHQGHQ DFWLWXGHV KDELOLGDGHV \
HPSUHQGLPLHQWR\GHGHQXQFLD\IRUPDFLyQIUHQWHDWRGRV
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV TXH OHV SHUPLWLUiQ HQWUDU HQ HO PXQGR
UHDO\SURJUHVDU'HODHGXFDFLyQFRQHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRVH
DTXHOORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRV\HVWUDWHJLDVTXHVHRSRQHQDO
GHVDUUROORGHOHVStULWXHPSUHQGHGRU
Â
·
´
Ã
º
¾
Ä
¾
¹
Ã
¹
Å
´
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Å
¾
¸
¸
Ç
Ä
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Å
¹
´
¼
Ã
·
·
Ç
È
È
Ç
É
Ê
7HQHUVHQWLGRGHYLGD\VHQWLGRGHOD
7HQHU VHQWLGR WHFQROyJLFR H
LQQRYDGRUGHODDFFLyQRGHOSURGXFWR
x
Ò
Ó
Ô
Ì
Ð
Í
Î
Ò
Ï
Õ
Ð
Î
Ô
¥
Ò
Ï
+H LQLFLDGR OD LQWURGXFFLyQ GH HVWH DUWtFXOR D¿UPDQGR
TXH OD SURSXHVWD TXH VH KDFtD GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
SODQHWDULDHUDXQDGHULYDFLyQLQWHOHFWXDOGHFRKHUHQFLDFRQ
ODFRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDWDOFRPRVHKDEtDGH¿QLGRSHUR
GHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
XQRV GHUHFKRV QRYHGRVRV GH GpELO LPSODQWDFLyQ OHJDO
TXH VH PXHYHQ DO DPSDUR GH FRQYHQLRV ELODWHUDOHV
PXOWLODWHUDOHV H LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV \ GH GHFODUDFLRQHV \
SDFWRV GH EXHQD YROXQWDG VROLGDULD /D SURSXHVWD HV SRU
WDQWRXQDGHULYDFLyQLQWHOHFWXDOTXHUHTXLHUHFRPSURPLVR
GH YROXQWDGHV SDUD KDFHUOD HIHFWLYD SRUTXH VH FRQYLHUWH
7HQHU VHQWLGR GH DXWRU KiELWRV
HQ XQD RSFLyQ GH SROtWLFD HGXFDWLYD \ GH GHVDUUROOR 3HUR
OD SUHVHQFLD R DXVHQFLD GH HVD YROXQWDG VROLGDULD \ GHO
SUR\HFWLYRV \ QR VROR GH DFWRU
FRPSURPLVRPRUDOSHUVRQDOKDFLDHOODQRDQXODQLPHUPD
KiELWRVRSHUDWLYRV
ODIXHU]DGHODDUJXPHQWDFLyQUHVSHFWRGHODFRRSHUDFLyQ\
9DORUDFLyQ GH OD SHUVHYHUDQFLD \ HO
HVIXHU]RQHFHVDULR
x
$VXPLUHOVHQWLGRGHUHWR\GHVDItR
x
9DORUDU
HO
SHUIHFFLRQDPLHQWR
SURJUHVLYR
HOGHVDUUROORFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ
(O VHQWLGR WUDQVQDFLRQDO GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD
JHQHUDFLyQ QRV SHUPLWH VDOLU GH QXHVWUR PDUFR WHUULWRULDO
FLXGDGDQR SRU PHGLR GH ODV UHGHV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ \
H[SHULPHQWDU XQ FLHUWR PRGR GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
PXQGLDOL]DGD HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ JOREDO
x
$VXPLUHOFRPSURPLVRUHVSRQVDEOH
SRUTXH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ HQ VLWXDFLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO
JUDFLDVDOGHVDUUROORGHORVQXHYRVPHGLRVQRVFRQYLHUWH
x
(QWUHJDUVHDORTXHVHKDFH
H[SHULPHQWDQODFRQYLYHQFLDLQWHUSHUVRQDOFLXGDGDQDGHVGH
x
3RVHHUUHVLVWHQFLD\UHFXUVLYLGDG
x
7HQHU VHQWLGR GH OD H[FHOHQFLD \
FRQRFLPLHQWRVWpFQLFRV
x
7HQHU VHQWLGR GH OLGHUD]JR \
FRPSHWLWLYLGDG
x
7HQHU FRQ¿DQ]D HQ ODV SURSLDV
SRVLELOLGDGHV OR PiV LPSRUWDQWH HQ
XQHPSUHQGLPLHQWRHVXQRPLVPR
HQ HVSHFWDGRUHV DFWLYRV \ HQ HPLJUDQWHV YLUWXDOHV TXH
HOPHGLR
1XHVWUD FRQYLFFLyQ HV TXH VL KD\ HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD
FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD FX\R REMHWLYR HV HO GHVDUUROOR
FtYLFR QR KD\ UD]yQ SDUD FRUWDU OD ÀXLGH] GH OD LGHD \
QR DVXPLU OD SRVLELOLGDG GH JHQHUDU DFWLWXG IDYRUDEOH DO
FRPSURPLVRFRQODLGHDGHPDUFRWHUULWRULDOPiVDOOiGHPL
SDtV\DIURQWDUGHVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQOD
FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDFRQVHQWLGRGHFRRSHUDFLyQVROLGDULD
WUDQVQDFLRQDO \ SRU WDQWR SODQHWDULD 6H WUDWD GH LU PiV
DOOiGHOSRGHUGHUHODFLyQLQWHUSHUVRQDOTXHSURSRUFLRQDHO
PHGLRFXOWXUDO\WHFQROyJLFRHQFXDQWRPHGLRLQVWDODGRHQ
1R HV HVWH HO OXJDU SDUD HVWDEOHFHU OD VLVWHPiWLFD GH OD
ORV GHUHFKRV GH WHUFHUD JHQHUDFLyQ HV GHFLU FRPR PHGLR
HGXFDFLyQFRQHOHPSUHQGLPLHQWRSHURVtFRQYLHQHLQVLVWLU
HQ TXH OD FDSDFLGDG GH JHQHUDU WHFQRORJtD R DVLPLODU OD
TXHLGHQWL¿FD\GLYHUVL¿FD+D\TXHLUDOXVRGHORVPHGLRV
\GHORVUHFXUVRVDVXPLHQGRHOKHFKRUHDOGHTXHQXHVWUR
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
x
Ñ
I S N N
x
Ð
N 5
&UHHUHQHOSURSLRSUR\HFWR
Ï
3
x
Î
V O L
DFFLyQ
Í
M a y o
x
Ì
-
WDOHVFRPR
£
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
(VWH WLSR GH HGXFDFLyQ GHVWDFD FXDOLGDGHV SHUVRQDOHV
YLQFXODGDV D OD FUHDWLYLGDG \ D OD FDSDFLGDG GH LQQRYDU
Ë
B o l e t í n
ODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHOHQWRUQRSDUDOOHYDUORVDGHODQWH
·
HVSHUDORJUDUMyYHQHVPiVDFWLYRVLQQRYDGRUHVFDSDFHVGH
FUHDU SUR\HFWRV SHUVRQDOHV GHVFXEULHQGR \ DSURYHFKDQGR
2 7
VLQR TXH WDPELpQ D\XGD DO GHVDUUROOR LQGLYLGXDO GH
·
UHVSHFWRGHODUHFHSWLYLGDGFRPRSULQFLSLRGHLQQRYDFLyQ
H[LVWHQWH SDUD LQQRYDU HVWi FODUDPHQWH YLQFXODGD DO HMH
(O SDSHO
³
(GXFDU FRQ HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR QR VyOR WUDH EHQH¿FLRV
E D U C A C I Ó N
FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO GHVDUUROOR FRPR iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ
FRQWHPSODGR GHVGH OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH OD VROLGDULGDG \ ORV
0L SURSXHVWD HV TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH
ORVSXHEORVHVXQDSURSXHVWDYLQFXODGDDORVGHUHFKRVGH
FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH IRUWDOHFH OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
SODQHWDULDIRUPDQGRHQFDGDSXHEORGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRVGH
YLDELOLGDGQLHVWiDOPDUJHQGHODVSROtWLFDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHV
LGHQWLGDG\GLYHUVLGDGHQFDGDWHUULWRULR1XHVWURSRVWXODGR
GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH H[LJHQ FRRSHUDFLyQ \
SDUD FRQYLYLU HQ XQ PXQGR PHMRU HQ HO TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ
HVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWRH¿FD]GHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ
\DGDSWDFLyQGHOKRPEUHFRPRFLXGDGDQRGHOPXQGRSHUR
ORFDOL]DGRTXHHVFDSD]GHVROXFLRQDUFRQÀLFWRVUHDOHVGH
FRQYLYHQFLDVLQFRQYHUWLUORVHQH[FXVDVSDUDODH[SORWDFLyQ
RHQJXHUUDVGHUHOLJLyQ\RLGHQWLWDULDV
/D FXOWXUD JORFDO \ ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ
FRQ¿JXUDQ HO VXVWUDWR GH XQD QXHYD PHQWDOLGDG TXH YD
PiV DOOi GH XQD UHYROXFLyQ WHFQROyJLFD \ VH LQWHJUD HQ
ODV SURSXHVWDV GH XQ PDUFR FLYLOL]DWRULR GLVWLQWR 'HVGH
OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH OD VROLGDULGDG \ ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD
JHQHUDFLyQODHGXFDFLyQHVFDGDYH]PiVHOLQVWUXPHQWR
H¿FD] GH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ \ DGDSWDFLyQ GHO KRPEUH FRPR
FLXGDGDQR GHO PXQGR SHUR ORFDOL]DGR \ GHVGH HVWD
SHUVSHFWLYDO
Ã
VROLGDULGDG\DORVSULQFLSLRVGHLQQRYDFLyQDFFHVLELOLGDG
´
¸
È
Ã
Ö
Ç
·
µ
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
´
¸
¹
¶
»
Ã
Â
·
Ã
Ã
Â
¾
È
Ã
Æ
¸
Â
¶
Ç
Ã
¸
·
Ä
Ã
¾
Ä
´
´
È
¸
¹
Â
´
¾
Ã
¼
Ã
Â
·
¾
»
·
¹
Ç
È
Ã
È
¹
Ç
´
Ã
¸
¼
Ã
»
¶
¸
È
´
Ã
¸
¼
Â
´
Ã
º
Ã
È
·
Æ
¾
¸
Ã
Ê
UHFHSWLYLGDG\ÀH[LELOLGDGGHXQPRGRWDOTXHODHGXFDFLyQ
SDUDHOGHVDUUROORHVXQHVFDOyQQHFHVDULRHQODFRQYLYHQFLD
6LFRQWHPSODPRVHVWDFXHVWLyQGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHORV
FLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULD\UHFODPDIRUPDFLyQSDUDHOFRQVXPR
UHVSRQVDEOH HO HPSUHQGLPLHQWR \ OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG HQ OD
GHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQODSURSXHVWD\VXVROXFLyQ
IRUPDWLYDWUDVFLHQGHHOPDUFRGHOYROXQWDULDGR\VHFRQYLHUWH
HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO
HQ XQD RSFLyQ \ RSRUWXQLGDG GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
(O SUR\HFWR GH HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD
SODQHWDULDHVXQDFXHVWLyQTXHHQWUDGHOOHQRHQHOSDUDGLJPD
GHODFRPSOHMLGDGHVGHFLUQRREHGHFHQLSXHGHREHGHFHU
SODQHWDULD HQ OD TXH ORV DYDQFHV FLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFRV \
HOSURJUHVRPRUDOGHODVVRFLHGDGHVVHYLQFXODSRUOD]RVGH
VROLGDULGDG\FRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORV
MDPiV D XQ VyOR YHFWRU R IXHQWH GH DFFLyQ 'HEH SRQHUVH
/D FXHVWLyQ FODYH HV FyPR FUHFHU MXQWRV DFHSWDQGR OD
HQ GXGD SXHV HO GLVFXUVR IiFLO QRUPDOPHQWH GH FDUiFWHU
GLYHUVLGDG\QREDMRODIRUPDGHDVLPLODFLyQ³H[WUDQMHUD´
SROtWLFRSRUHOTXHHQJHQHUDOVHSUHWHQGHGHPRVWUDUTXH
VLQR EDMR OD SRVLELOLGDG GH OD LQQRYDFLyQ HQ FDGD SXHEOR
XQDDFFLyQGHXQGHSDUWDPHQWRDGPLQLVWUDWLYRHVFDSD]SRU
PHUFHG DO FXOWLYR GH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH DFFHVLELOLGDG
VXVSURSLDVDFFLRQHVGHOOHYDUDEXHQWpUPLQRDOWHUQDWLYDV
JOREDOHV'HEHTXHGDUFODUR\VLQQLQJ~QJpQHURGHGXGDV
ÀH[LELOLGDG\UHFHSWLYLGDGSURSLRVGHODLQQRYDFLyQSDUD
JHQHUDU HQ FDGD SXHEOR FRQ YLVLyQ GH HVFDOD VRVWHQLEOH
TXH HVWD SURSXHVWD YD PiV DOOi GH SROtWLFDV FRQFUHWDV R
WHFQRORJtD DXWyFWRQD \ DVLPLODU OD TXH \D H[LVWH SDUD HO
XQLWDULDVSXHVWRTXHVXVHQWLGRPiVSURIXQGRHLQWUtQVHFR
GHVDUUROOR\HOHPSUHQGLPLHQWR
HV FRQVLGHUDUOR FRPR XQD DOWHUQDWLYD GH FDUiFWHU JOREDO
1XQFD GHEH ROYLGDUVH TXH HO REMHWLYR GH OD FRQYLYHQFLD
SODQHWDULD HV UHSRVLFLRQDU DO KRPEUH \ VXV DFFLRQHV HQ
HO SODQHWD HV GHFLU VX IRUPD GH SHQVDU GH DFWXDU \ GH
SRVLFLRQDUVH FRPR FLXGDGDQR GHO PXQGR GH GLIHUHQWH
PDQHUD TXH LPSOLFD JORFDOLGDG GHVDUUROOR VRVWHQLELOLGDG
FRQVXPR\HPSUHQGLPLHQWR
6L QR QRV ROYLGDPRV GH TXH ORV GHUHFKRV VRQ VXPDWLYRV
QRUHVWDQVHVLJXHTXHODSURSXHVWDGHFRPSURPLVRFRQ
ORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQQRHVXQDSURSXHVWDHQ
HOYDFtRVXSRQHXQFRPSURPLVRPRUDOFRQODGLJQLGDGGH
ODVSHUVRQDVORVGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVGHQLYHOHVSUHYLRVHO
SODQHWDFRPRHQWRUQRJOREDO\QLFKRHFROyJLFRHOGHVDUUROOR
FLHQWt¿FRWHFQROyJLFR\HOSURJUHVRPRUDOGHODVRFLHGDG
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
HVTXHHOGHVDUUROORVHFRQVWUX\HFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ
\ TXH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR VH YLQFXOD D ORV
RULHQWDGR DO GHVDUUROOR GH FLYLOL]DFLyQ GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR
I S N N
GHFRQVWUXFFLyQLQGLYLGXDO\VRFLDO\FRPRFRQYHUJHQFLDGH
WUDYpVGHODHGXFDFLyQSDUDODFLXGDGDQtDHQWHQGLGDFRPR
XQFRPSURPLVRGHYROXQWDGHVSHUVRQDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV
N 5
FRRSHUDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORHQWUHORVSXHEORVEDMRIRUPDV
QDFLRQDOLVWD HXURSHtVWD \ PXQGLDOLVWDFRVPRSROLWLVWD D
3
DX[LOLRV SHUR TXH VH FHQWUD HQ OD DFFLyQ HGXFDGRUD GH OD
FRQWHPSODUHOVHQWLGRORFDO\JOREDOHOVHQWLGRUHJLRQDOLVWD
V O L
QLDQXODODDFFLyQGHFRRSHUDFLyQEDMRODIRUPDGHD\XGD
KXPDQLWDULDFHQWUDGDHQDVLVWHQFLD\FXLGDGRVGHSULPHURV
OD FRQYLYHQFLD SODQHWDULD EDMR OD LGHD GH TXH HV SRVLEOH
M a y o
GHDERUGDUXQDQXHYDGLPHQVLyQGHOGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFX\D
FLXGDGDQtD PXQGLDO FRPR SUREOHPD GH IRUPDFLyQ SDUD
-
GHVDUUROORLQQRYDFLyQFRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDG6HWUDWD
(Q ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ HQ
YDORUHV LGHQWLGDG GLYHUVLGDG \ WHUULWRULR VH XQHQ HQ OD
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
GHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
P L A N E T A R I A
B o l e t í n
GH FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD \ HQ OD LGHD GH OD
C I U D A D A N A
·
(O REMHWLYR GH HVWH WUDEDMR HV SURIXQGL]DU HQ OD LGHD
C O N V I V E N C I A
2 8
DOUHVWRGHOSODQHWDHQQXHVWUDFRPXQLGDGSDUWLFXODU
L A
·
WHUULWRULRHVHOPXQGR\TXHQRHVWDPRVDLVODGRVQLDMHQRV
P A R A
E D U C A C I Ó N
Ç
Ç
¶
´
·
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Å
¹
´
¼
Ã
·
·
Ç
È
È
Ç
P L A N E T A R I A
HGXFDFLyQJHQHUDO\HQHVWHVHQWLGRHVQHFHVDULRGHFLUTXHOD
JHQHUD XQDV FRQGLFLRQHV VLQJXODUHV \ XQ HVSDFLR SURSLR
TXH GHEH VHU FXLGDGR HGXFDWLYDPHQWH KDEODQGR GHQWUR
FRPSRQHQWHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVTXHGHWHUPLQDQODRULHQWDFLyQ
IRUPDWLYD WHPSRUDO SDUD OD FRQGLFLyQ KXPDQD LQGLYLGXDO
GHO GHVDUUROOR FtYLFR OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH
VRFLDO KLVWyULFD \ GH HVSHFLH GHVGH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH
¶
Ç
LQQRYDFLyQ
Ù
È
Ã
¼
Ç
¼
º
´
¸
¾
´
Ú
È
¾
Â
È
¾
Ç
¹
¸
Ã
¼
¹
»
µ
Ç
·
´
¼
¶
Ç
¸
¼
Ã
Ú
È
´
Ø
´
È
´
µ
¶
·
´
¸
¹
¾
µ
¾
´
¸
º
Ç
1R HV SRVLEOH OD HGXFDFLyQ ³SRU´ HO
Ê
ORVSXHEORVVDOYRTXHKDJDPRVGHORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWD
JHQHUDFLyQXQDSURSXHVWDHQHOYDFtR\QRXQFRPSURPLVR
FRPSRQHQWHVGHWHUPLQDQWHVGHOVLJQL¿FDGRGH³GHVDUUROOR´
YLQFXODGRV D ORV WUHV SULQFLSLRV EiVLFRV GH OD LQQRYDFLyQ
SHUVRQDOHLQVWLWXFLRQDOGHOLEHUWDGHVUHDOHV
DFFHVLELOLGDGUHFHSWLYLGDG\ÀH[LELOLGDG
(Q HO FRQWH[WR GH ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ OD
(QXQSULPHUPRPHQWRHVQHFHVDULRDFRPRGDUORVUHFXUVRV
FRRSHUDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVLPSOLFDFRQWHPSODU
OD LQQRYDFLyQ FRPR REMHWLYR QR FRPR PDQLIHVWDFLyQ GHO
GLVSRQLEOHV D OD QXHYD UHDOLGDG /D WDUHD GHO IXWXUR SDVD
/D FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR GHEH LQLFLDUVH SULPHUR HQ
FRRSHUDFLyQ\VROLGDULGDGHVGHFLUFRQVHQWLGRGHGHUHFKRV
GHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQ
VRQFRQFHSWRVTXHHVWiQOLJDGRVHQODVRFLHGDG
QXHVWUDV HVFXHODV \ HQ QXHVWUD VRFLHGDG 6HU FLXGDGDQRV
GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR SXHV TXLHQ VH HGXFD VH FRPSURPHWH
FRPR SUREOHPD LQWHOHFWXDO \ FRJQLWLYR VLQR FRPR IRUPD
FRQ VX GHVDUUROOR \
×
´
¼
Ã
·
·
Ç
È
È
·
´
Ã
º
¾
Ä
¾
¹
Ã
¹
Ø
´
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ø
¾
¸
¸
Ç
Ä
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
GHO PXQGR \ DVXPLU OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD
H[LJH FRPSUHQGHU ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR
Ù
Ç
OD WDUHD GH KDFHUVH DXWRU \
GH DFWXDU UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWH HQ HVH FRQWH[WR DVXPLHQGR
QRVyORDFWRUGHVXVSURSLRVSUR\HFWRV<VLHVWRVHDSOLFD
UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWHHOFRPSURPLVRGHUHODFLyQHQWUHHO\RHO
D ORV SXHEORV HO GHVDUUROOR VH FRQYLHUWH HQ iPELWR GH
HGXFDFLyQGHVGHODHVFXHODDWHQGLHQGRDORVSULQFLSLRVGH
RWUR\ORRWURHQHOPDUFRWHUULWRULDOGHOSODQHWD
´
µ
¶
·
´
¸
¹
´
<FRPRFRUUHVSRQGHDWRGDVODVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHLPSOLFDQ
LQQRYDFLyQSRUTXHHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVGHSHQGHGHO
HMH³FRQRFHUHGXFDULQQRYDU´
FRQRFLPLHQWR \ DFFLyQ FRQFRUGDQFLD GH YDORUHV \
(VSUHFLVRHVWXGLDUODHGXFDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHVGHOD
HGXFDQGR DFHSWH HO YDORU GH DOJR \ OR UHDOLFH GH PRGR
SHUVSHFWLYDGHODHGXFDFLyQVLQDQXODUODSHUVSHFWLYDSURSLD
GH ORV SURGXFWRV FXOWXUDOHV GHO GHVDUUROOR 3DUD QRVRWURV
´ KD\ XQ SUREOHPD
HQ OD ³
SHUVRQDO QR FRQVLVWH HQ KDFHUOHFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVUHWyULFDV
VREUHORVEHQH¿FLRVGHXQYDORUVLQRHQKDFHUOHGHVFXEULU
LQWHOHFWXDOTXHWLHQHTXHYHUFRQHOFRQWHQLGRHVSHFt¿FRGH
ORJUDU GHSHQGH GH VX FDSDFLGDG SDUD DFHSWDU HVH YDORU
ODVWDUHDV\UHVXOWDGRVSURSLRVGHOGHVDUUROOR\VLQOXJDUD
HVSHFt¿FR \ GH SRQHU ORV PHGLRV DGHFXDGRV SDUD UHLWHUDU
·
´
È
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
¹
´
¼
Ã
·
·
Ç
È
È
Ç
Å
´
¹
VHQWLPLHQWRV HO PRGR DGHFXDGR SDUD ORJUDU TXH XQ
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
TXH HO EXHQ UHVXOWDGR GH DTXHOOR TXH HVWi LQWHUHVDGR HQ
¸
GXGDVKD\XQSUREOHPDSHGDJyJLFRTXHQDFHGHODSUiFWLFD
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR \ GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR
\D¿DQ]DUODFRQGXFWDGHORJURJHQHUDQGRXQVHQWLPLHQWR
¶
Ç
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ TXH KDFH SRVLEOH HO HVWXGLR GHO iPELWR
³GHVDUUROOR´
Â
Ç
µ
Ç
Ç
Ú
Û
´
º
Ç
Ù
Â
Ç
µ
Ç
µ
´
º
Ã
È
GHHGXFDFLyQ<HVWR
Ã
QRHVEDODGtLPSOLFDDWHQGHUDODVWUHVDFHSFLRQHVTXHFDGD
iUHDFXOWXUDOPDQWLHQHFRQHGXFDFLyQFXDQGRVHFRQVWUX\H
HOiUHDFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQHGXFDFLyQ³FRQ´³SRU´
\³SDUD´TXHVHFRUUHVSRQGHQHQHVWHFDVRFRQHOGHVDUUROOR
¹
¶
Ç
¼
¾
Ü
Â
Ç
´
È
»
º
·
¾
¾
Ä
Ú
Ç
½
·
Ü
´
Ä
Ã
¹
´
Ã
Ã
È
Ã
¹
Ç
Ç
·
Ê
¾
Ã
¹
Ù
È
¼
Â
¼
´
¹
´
È
´
¸
Ã
º
´
·
´
È
Ä
Ã
Â
Ü
Ã
º
¾
Ã
È
º
»
Ç
·
¶
´
¹
¹
¹
´
Ã
»
·
Â
´
È
¼
¹
Ã
Ã
Ö
Â
¾
Ç
È
Ç
´
Ü
·
Ç
·
Æ
¸
º
Ã
È
¶
·
´
Ã
Â
´
Â
Ã
¹
Ç
´
·
Ç
¸
Ç
Ç
Â
·
Ã
È
¹
¹
¾
È
¾
Ã
´
´
´
µ
È
´
Þ
¶
¹
Ç
¸
´
´
Ý
º
Ç
·
¼
»
Ý
Ã
¾
Ã
´
Ø
´
·
¸
·
Â
Ç
»
Â
´
¾
È
Ã
È
´
·
¶
º
¼
Ç
´
Ç
Â
´
¹
µ
Ã
¸
´
¾
º
Æ
¼
¸
¾
¹
È
Ø
Ç
Ç
¼
/DUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVXQKHFKR\XQDFXHVWLyQGH
GHUHFKRTXHLPSOLFDODH[LVWHQFLD\FRQYLYHQFLDGHYDORUHV
FRPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ iPELWR GH HGXFDFLyQ
\GHPRGRVGHYLGDGLYHUVRVSHURDGHPiVHVXQHMHUFLFLR
GHYROXQWDGHV\XQFRPSURPLVRPRUDO\DIHFWLYRSRUTXH
JHQHUDO\iPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQYRFDFLRQDO\SURIHVLRQDO
ORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHSRUVtQRPHMRUDQQHFHVDULDPHQWHOD
1RVHWUDWDGHDJRWDUHQHVWHDUWtFXORODFRQGLFLyQFXUULFXODU
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR VLQR GH LQVLVWLU HQ OD
QHFHVLGDG GH FRQWHPSODU OD HGXFDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR
FRPSUHQVLyQGHORWURQLODUHODFLyQQLQRVPXHYHQVLQPiV
DDFWXDU
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
SRUTXHDVXPHQHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVFRQVHQWLGRGH
I S N N
DVXPLUHVHFRPSURPLVRGHPDQHUDLQVWLWXFLRQDO\SHUVRQDO
N 5
DOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVVLQRHVWDPRVIRUPDGRVSDUD
GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HQ ODV VRFLHGDGHV TXH HVWiQ HQ FDPELR
3
FUHDWLYDVVLQRFRPRXQDQHFHVLGDGHVWUDWpJLFDJHQHUDOL]DGD
V O L
GHVDUUROOR FUHDWLYR TXH HV SURSLR GH ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV
QHFHVDULDPHQWHSRUODIRUPDFLyQGHODFRPXQLGDGHQHVWD
FXOWXUDTXHDFDEDPRVGHH[SRQHU'LItFLOPHQWHVHFRRSHUD
M a y o
GHVDUUROORVLQDWHQGHUDHVRVWUHVFRPSRQHQWHVSRUTXHVRQ
-
FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD VL QR KD\ GHVDUUROOR GH
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDSRUTXHQRHVSRVLEOHOD
³HOGHVDUUROORH[LJHSUHVWDUDWHQFLyQDWUHV
·
B o l e t í n
HGXFDFLyQ³
·
SDUD OD FRQYLYHQFLD FXDOL¿FDGD \ HVSHFL¿FDGD SRUTXH
ORV SXHEORV FRPR HVFDOyQ QHFHVDULR GHO HVSDFLR GH OD
¹
C I U D A D A N A
FRPR iPELWR JHQHUDO GH HGXFDFLyQ \ FRPR iPELWR GH
Å
HV XQD FXHVWLyQ IXQGDPHQWDO GH HGXFDFLyQ
¸
C O N V I V E N C I A
2 9
Â
´
L A
·
'HVGHHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDODUHODFLyQ
P A R A
E D U C A C I Ó N
ß
£
L A
Ó
C O N V I V E N C I A
Ò
Õ
Ò
Ó
Ò
Î
Ì
Ð
Ô
Ï
C I U D A D A N A
à
Ð
à
¥
Ð
Í
á
Ó
â
Õ
P L A N E T A R I A
Ð
Ì
Ô
·
3UHFLVDPHQWHSRUHVRPDQWHQJRTXHHVWHDUWtFXORVHSUHVHQWD
P A R A
Ï
3 0
FRPRXQGLVFXUVRLQWHOHFWXDOGHFRKHUHQFLDFRQODLGHDGH
$EGDOODK3UHWFHLOOH0
ã
GH YROXQWDGHV SDUD KDFHUOD HIHFWLYD SRUTXH VH FRQYLHUWH
HQ XQD RSFLyQ GH SROtWLFD HGXFDWLYD \ GH GHVDUUROOR 3HUR
OD SUHVHQFLD R DXVHQFLD GH HVD YROXQWDG VROLGDULD \ GHO
¸
´
¼
¸
º
´
·
Â
»
È
º
»
·
Ã
È
»
¼
º
´
Þ
º
Ç
Ã
¹
´
µ
Ç
Â
·
Ã
Â
¾
Ã
¼
º
Ç
Ç
Â
¼
¾
´
´
¹
¹
»
Ã
Â
¹
Ã
¼
º
Ç
¾
È
¾
Ä
Ç
¹
¼
Ã
¹
·
¾
´
Ã
È
Ã
Ü
È
Ç
Ú
Ã
È
¾
å
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ê
æ
Ã
Â
¾
Ã
»
¸
Ã
3DPSORQD(XQVD
Ê
OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ HGL¿FDGRUD
PDU]R
ä
È
´
º
è
é
Ã
È
Ã
ê
ë
ì
é
¸
¼
·
´
é
ë
È
È
Ã
¼
Â
¾
¾
¼
Ç
º
¸
´
µ
´
Ã
¼
¶
¾
¸
Ç
º
´
È
·
è
º
¸
¾
Ã
Â
Ç
Â
¾
Ü
Ç
È
¸
Ç
Ã
Ú
È
´
Ã
È
Ê
¸
º
·
Ç
¹
»
Â
Â
¾
Æ
¸
%XHQRV $LUHV
¼
N 5
3DLGyV
´
È
Ü
È
Ç
Ú
í
Ã
î
È
¾
»
¼
ï
µ
´
Ç
¼
Ø
È
·
´
¼
Ã
Ü
¶
»
´
È
¼
Ç
º
Ú
Ã
Ã
È
¼
¾
å
Ã
Ã
Â
È
¾
Æ
Ã
¸
Ü
ð
È
ñ
Ç
Ú
Ã
Ã
È
¾
È
å
Ã
Â
Ã
Â
¾
¾
Ã
¼
Æ
¸
%HUJHU 3 / \ +XQWLQJWRQ 6 3 µ
ó
Â
Ç
È
º
¸
º
¾
¶
È
´
´
µ
¼
Ê
¶
ã
Ç
·
Ã
ô
¹
¸
´
¾
Ä
´
·
¼
¾
¹
Ã
¹
Â
»
È
º
»
·
ò
È
Ã
Ç
Ú
È
´
Ã
È
¾
¸
å
Ã
´
È
Â
¾
µ
Ç
¸
»
´
¸
¹
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
%XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV
¼
Ç
%XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV
Ç
%HUPXGH] 2 0 ×
»
È
º
»
·
Ã
Ù
Ã
µ
Ú
¾
´
¸
º
%RJRWj
´
8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD
%RUMD-\&DVWHOOV0
ã
È
Ã
¼
Â
¾
»
¹
Ã
¹
´
¼
´
¸
È
Ã
´
·
Ç
Â
Ã
Ã
¹
È
´
Ù
È
Ü
Ã
È
¾
¸
Ç
Ú
Ö
Ã
Ç
·
È
Ê
µ
ã
Ã
Ã
Â
Ü
¾
´
Æ
¼
º
¾
Æ
¸
¹
´
0DGULG
¸
7DXUXVHG
%RUPDQ . 0 'DQ]LJ $ % \ *DUFtD ' 5 (GV
(GXFDWLRQ GHPRFUDF\ DQG WKH SXEOLF
JRRG
ä
´
Ä
¾
´
õ
Ç
Ö
·
´
¼
´
Ã
·
Â
½
¾
¸
´
¹
»
Â
Ã
º
¾
Ç
¸
&RORP$ - 9ROXQWDULDGR \ VRFLHGDG FLYLO HQ HO
PXQGRHVFRODU
ç
Ç
&ROyP $ - ¶
Ã
·
Ã
´
È
¹
´
¼
Ã
·
¹
Æ
¸
Ø
ê
´
·
·
¼
Ã
Ç
·
È
È
·
Ç
È
È
Ç
¼
Ç
¼
º
´
¸
¾
Ú
È
´
Ù
´
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
%DUFHORQD2FWDHGUR
Ç
&RORP $ - ³/D HGXFDFLyQ SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR
VRVWHQLEOH´HQ$(VFRODQR(GLW
é
¼
»
¶
´
·
¾
Ç
·
Ù
¹
´
¼
Ã
·
·
Ç
È
È
Ç
¼
Ç
¼
º
´
¸
¾
Ú
È
´
¹
Ê
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
0DGULG
%LEOLRWHFD1XHYDSS
&RUWLQD $ $OLDQ]D
×
¾
»
¹
Ã
¹
Ã
¸
Ç
¼
¹
´
È
µ
»
¸
¹
Ç
I S N N
%HFN 8 ¹
3
RWUR\ORRWURHQHOPDUFRWHUULWRULDOGHOSODQHWD
¾
V O L
UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWHHOFRPSURPLVRGHUHODFLyQHQWUHHO\RHO
¸
M a y o
GH DFWXDU UHVSRQVDEOHPHQWH HQ HVH FRQWH[WR DVXPLHQGR
¼
$WWLQj)
QXHVWUDV HVFXHODV \ HQ QXHVWUD VRFLHGDG 6HU FLXGDGDQRV
FRPR SUREOHPD LQWHOHFWXDO \ FRJQLWLYR VLQR FRPR IRUPD
Æ
$UEROHGD - & /D SHGDJRJtD GH OD DOWHULGDG HQ
QHFHVDULDPHQWHSRUODIRUPDFLyQGHODFRPXQLGDGHQHVWD
FXOWXUDTXHDFDEDPRVGHH[SRQHU'LItFLOPHQWHVHFRRSHUD
GHO PXQGR \ DVXPLU OD FRQYLYHQFLD FLXGDGDQD SODQHWDULD
H[LJH FRPSUHQGHU ORV GHUHFKRV GH FXDUWD JHQHUDFLyQ QR
¾
ä
(QXQSULPHUPRPHQWRHVQHFHVDULRDFRPRGDUORVUHFXUVRV
/D FRRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR GHEH LQLFLDUVH SULPHUR HQ
Â
$OWDUHMRV ) 5RGUtJXH] $ \ )RQWWURGRQD - Ç
DVXPLUHVHFRPSURPLVRGHPDQHUDLQVWLWXFLRQDO\SHUVRQDO
Ã
ã
´
ç
DOGHVDUUROORGHORVSXHEORVVLQRHVWDPRVIRUPDGRVSDUD
Â
ÈJXLOD5GHO\9DOOHVStQ)(GV
0DGULG$OLDQ]D
HOGHVDUUROORFRPRiPELWRGHHGXFDFLyQ
GLVSRQLEOHV D OD QXHYD UHDOLGDG /D WDUHD GHO IXWXUR SDVD
»
-
FRPSURPLVRPRUDOSHUVRQDOKDFLDHOODQRDQXODQLPHUPD
ODIXHU]DGHODDUJXPHQWDFLyQUHVSHFWRGHODFRRSHUDFLyQ\
¹
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
WDQWRXQDGHULYDFLyQLQWHOHFWXDOTXHUHTXLHUHFRPSURPLVR
´
%DUFHORQD,GHD%RRNV
GH GpELO LPSODQWDFLyQ OHJDO TXH VH PXHYHQ DO DPSDUR GH
FRQYHQLRVELODWHUDOHVPXOWLODWHUDOHVHLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV\GH
GHFODUDFLRQHV\SDFWRVGHEXHQDYROXQWDGVROLGDULD(VSRU
Ã
B o l e t í n
ORVGHUHFKRVGHFXDUWDJHQHUDFLyQXQRVGHUHFKRVQRYHGRVRV
·
FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQDSODQHWDULDGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGH
0DGULG
E D U C A C I Ó N
×
Ç
µ
¶
·
´
¸
¹
´
·
È
Ã
Ü
È
Ç
Ú
Ã
È
¾
å
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
L A
C O N V I V E N C I A
0DGULG
¸
XQLYHUVDO
ä
P L A N E T A R I A
é
´
Ä
¾
¼
º
ì
Ã
¼
¶
Ã
ú
Ç
È
Ã
¹
´
´
¹
Ã
Ü
Ç
Ü
è
Ã
3 1
$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO
C I U D A D A N A
·
'HKHVD*
P A R A
·
ã
Ã
´
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
´
¸
Â
¾
´
·
·
Ã
»
¸
º
´
¼
Ç
·
0DGULG
Ç
0HVVDGLp * Â
+LGDOJR $ /HyQ * \ 3DYyQ - ö
Ê
ã
Ã
Ü
´
¼
º
¾
Æ
¾
´
¸
Â
¾
·
ò
Ç
È
·
Ü
Ã
Ã
¾
¸
¾
å
¸
¸
Ã
Â
Ç
¾
Ä
Ç
Ã
¸
Â
´
+XQWLQJWRQ 6 ¾
Æ
¸
Ù
È
Ã
º
´
Â
¸
Ç
È
Ç
Ü
è
Ã
´
¸
È
Ã
¼
½
0DGULG3LUiPLGH
¼
º
´
¼
Â
È
Â
½
Ç
Ý
»
´
¹
´
È
Ã
¼
Â
¾
Ä
¾
È
¾
å
Ã
Â
¾
Ç
¸
´
¼
µ
Ù
Ç
»
·
Ã
Ê
ã
Ã
¹
Ã
ü
´
»
Ú
·
¾
µ
¾
´
¸
º
Ç
¼
¹
´
È
Ã
ý
ø
ù
·
ö
Ê
Ã
¸
¹
´
¼
¾
¸
Ä
´
¸
º
Ç
·
¸
Ç
¼
¹
´
È
Ã
½
»
µ
Ã
¸
¾
¹
Ã
¹
ò
·
Ã
¸
¹
´
¼
¾
¸
Ä
¹
´
¼
¹
´
ü
ý
ø
ù
ö
´
¸
º
Ç
¼
¹
´
È
µ
»
¸
¹
Ç
0DGULG $OLDQ]D
Ê
(GLWRULDO
0tQJXH]5eWLFDGHODYLGDIDPLOLDU\WUDQVPLVLyQ
Ä
´
·
¼
¾
Æ
¸
¹
´
È
Ç
Ã
×
Ç
¸
¼
º
µ
·
Ç
Ç
¶
¶
Æ
Ç
È
È
¾
Ç
º
Ü
¾
¼
Ç
¼
µ
Ç
GHYDORUHV
ç
2&'( Ø
ã
Ç
¼
ä
Ç
¹
´
È
¼
Ã
´
º
Ö
è
è
é
ê
ë
ì
IHEUHUR
é
¸
Ç
¼
¹
´
È
Ã
¼
º
´
Â
¸
Ç
È
Ç
Ü
è
Ã
¼
¹
´
È
Ã
È
Ã
V O L
.\POLFND : \ 6WUDHKOH &K ¼
M a y o
È
¹
-
»
¼
û
.XSHU$
%XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV
Â
º
0HVVDGLp * E
$LUHV3DLGyVHG
Ã
¼
´
é
ODUHFRQ¿JXUDFLyQGHORUGHQPXQGLDO%XHQRV
ã
Ã
¹
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
´
¸
0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO
û
¹
Ã
0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO
Ã
0HVVDGLp*D
¸
ò
B o l e t í n
'HORUV-
6DQWLOODQD8QHVFR
é
¼
º
Ã
¹
Ç
Å
¸
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ø
¸
Ã
Â
¾
Ç
¸
Ã
È
¾
¼
µ
Ç
¹
´
È
Ã
¼
µ
¾
¸
Ç
·
è
Ã
¼
¾
Ê
´
¸
Ö
Ç
·
µ
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ù
È
Ã
¼
Â
Ç
µ
»
¸
¾
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Ç
¸
´
¼
´
¸
3
Ê
¸
Ã
¸
ô
È
¾
¼
¾
¼
Â
·
è
º
¾
Â
Ç
¹
´
È
Ã
È
¾
º
´
·
Ã
º
»
·
Ã
·
´
Â
¾
´
¸
º
´
0p[LFR81$0
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ê
ç
ã
Ã
Â
Ç
µ
¶
È
´
Û
¾
¹
Ã
¹
Ã
µ
Ú
¾
´
¸
º
Ã
È
Ê
0p[LFR6LJOR
/HVVQRII0+/D¿ORVRItDSROtWLFDGHOVLJOR;;
È
´
º
è
é
ê
ë
ì
é
¸
3pUH] 'tD] 9 *OREDOL]DFLyQ \ OLEHUWDG HQ (
0RULQ53HWUHOOD6*HRUJH61DwU93pUH]
0DGULG$NDO
'tD] , 5DPRQD \ ( 7UtDV
&ROHFFLyQ &LHQFLDV 6RFLDOHV
ê
´
þ
»
/HVVQRII0+/D¿ORVRItDSROtWLFDGHOVLJOR;;
¸
¹
¾
Ã
È
¾
å
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¼
Ã
Ö
è
Ç
¼
¹
´
È
Ã
¸
&XDGHUQRV0DGULG)XQGDFLyQ0%RWtQSS
0DGULG$NDO
/pYLQDV ( eWLFD H LQ¿QLWR 0DGULG$ 0DFKDGR
/LEURV
5RGUtJXH]$ %HUQDO$ \ 8USL & 5HWRV GH OD
HGXFDFLyQVRFLDO3DPSORQD(GLFLRQHV(XQDWH
/LPyQ ' é
ì
Â
Ç
Â
¾
»
¹
Ã
¹
Ã
¸
è
Ã
Ê
Ã
·
º
¾
Â
¾
¶
Ã
·
¶
Ã
·
Ã
5RPD - *ULMDOER
ÿ
Â
Ç
¸
¼
º
·
»
¾
·
»
¸
Ã
¼
Ç
Â
¾
´
¹
Ã
¹
¼
»
¼
º
´
¸
º
Ã
Ú
È
´
6HYLOOD
Ê
'LSXWDFLyQGH6HYLOOD
Ã
Ý
»
´
Ã
È
Ã
Ü
5RPD\%HFDUtD-0
ã
0DUJOLQ 6 7KH &XOWXUH RI (FRQRPLFV
Ç
Â
¾
´
¹
Ã
¹
Ã
Ú
¾
´
·
º
Ã
Ø
´
Ü
Â
È
Ç
È
Ç
º
»
Ú
Ú
Ã
·
È
Ã
Ã
È
¾
¾
å
¼
Ã
¶
å
Â
Ã
Ã
Â
¾
·
¾
Æ
Ã
Æ
%DUFHORQD
¸
´
¸
¼
Ø
º
¾
Ç
¸
¼
º
µ
¾
¾
Ü
´
µ
·
¶
Ã
Â
Ç
¾
¼
Æ
Ê
¸
Ø
ê
´
Ä
´
È
Ç
¶
µ
´
¸
µ
0DUWLQ % (VWXGLRV GH ODV SROtWLFDV FLHQWt¿FDV
Ù
¹
´
¾
¸
¸
Ç
Ä
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
6DQWLDJR )XQGDFLyQ &DL[D
º
í
î
»
ï
½
´
µ
Ç
¼
Ã
¶
·
´
¸
¹
¾
¹
Ç
´
¸
ø
ù
»
È
º
¾
Â
»
È
º
»
·
Ã
È
¾
¼
µ
Ç
Ê
*DOLFLD
6DXFD-0\:HQFHV0,(GV
ã
,QVWLWXWR GH JHVWLyQ GH OD LQQRYDFLyQ \ GHO
FRQRFLPLHQWR 8QLYHUVLGDG 3ROLWpFQLFD GH 9DOHQFLD
Ã
ú
Ç
¼
´
Â
º
»
·
Ã
¼
¹
´
È
Ã
÷
ð
¼
Ç
º
´
Â
Ç
¾
´
·
¹
è
Ã
Ã
¹
KWWSZZZLQJHQLRXSYHV
ë
¸
Ä
´
¼
º
¾
Ü
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ø
¾
¸
¸
Ç
Ä
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ù
%DUFHORQD 2UELV %LEOLRWHFD GH
(FRQRPtD(VSDxROD
º
´
Â
¸
Ç
È
Ç
Ü
è
Ã
0HGLQD 5XELR 5 /RV 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV \ OD
(GXFDFLyQ HQ ORV YDORUHV GH XQD FLXGDGDQtD
¾
Ä
¾
È
Ê
¸
µ
Ã
¶
Ã
Â
Ç
¸
º
´
µ
¶
Ç
·
ô
¸
´
Ç
¹
´
¼
»
¼
$FWDV GHO &RQJUHVR
6,' PXQGLDO GH OD 6RFLHGDG ,QWHUQDFLRQDO SDUD HO
í
0DUWtQ & \ RWURV Â
0DGULG7URWWD
¼
î
»
ï
Ü
È
Ç
Ú
Ã
È
¾
å
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
ð
'HVDUUROOR 6DQWLDJR GH &RPSRVWHOD ;XQWD GH
*DOLFLD
6WLJOLW]-
é
7DXUXV
È
µ
Ã
È
´
¼
º
Ã
·
¹
´
È
Ã
Ü
È
Ç
Ú
Ã
È
¾
å
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
0DGULG
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
/HII(
;;,
ä
Ç
I S N N
2UWHJD3(GXFDUHQODDOWHULGDG
PDU]R
N 5
0DGULG0(&'2&'(
÷
E D U C A C I Ó N
È
Ç
Ú
Ã
È
¾
å
Ã
C O N V I V E N C I A
C I U D A D A N A
.ULVWHQVHQ(GV
P L A N E T A R I A
ë
×
Â
¾
Æ
Æ
µ
Ç
½
Ã
Â
´
·
Ý
»
´
Ö
»
¸
Â
¾
Ç
¸
´
È
Ã
0DGULG7DXUXV
¸
´
¾
¸
¸
Ç
Ä
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
¸
Ä
´
¼
º
¾
Ü
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ø
¹
´
¼
´
¸
Ä
Ç
È
Ä
´
µ
´
¸
º
Ç
3 2
Ü
L A
·
6WLJOLW] - P A R A
6DQWLDJR8VFSS
Ê
·
í
î
»
ï
´
¼
È
Ã
¹
´
µ
Ç
Â
·
Ã
Â
¾
Ã
ð
7RXULxiQ-0(OGHVDUUROORFtYLFRFRPRREMHWLYR
8QD SHUVSHFWLYD SHGDJyJLFD
´
Ç
·
è
Ã
¹
´
È
Ã
ä
´
7RXULxiQ-0'HUHFKRVKXPDQRV\HGXFDFLyQSDUD
HOGHVDUUROOR
ä
é
Ä
¾
¼
º
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
¼
¶
Ã
ú
Ç
È
Ã
¹
´
´
¹
Ã
Ü
Ç
Ü
è
7RXULxiQ-0D*OREDOL]DFLyQ\GHVDUUROORXQUHWR
,EHURDPHULFDQDGH-HIHVGH(VWDGR\GH*RELHUQR
Ç
è
Â
»
µ
´
¸
º
Ç
¼
¹
´
SS
Ã
Ã
¾
¸
º
´
·
»
¸
¾
Ä
´
·
¼
¾
º
Ã
·
¾
Ã
é
Ä
¾
¼
º
ê
÷
ç
Ã
×
´
(GXFDFLyQ
7RXULxiQ - 0 E (GXFDFLyQ SDUD HO FRQVXPR
(GXFDFLyQ;;*UXSR6, 7(
(GXFDFLyQ
´
LQQRYDFLyQHPSUHQGHUODWDUHDGHVHUDXWRU\QR
SROtWLFDV UHJLRQDOHV \ GHVDUUROOR GH SODQHV
HVWUDWpJLFRV GH ,'7 HQ - 0 7RXULxiQ \ $
VyOR DFWRU GH VXV SURSLRV SUR\HFWRV
*UXSR
6, 7((GXFDFLyQ
¸
Ä
´
¼
º
¾
Ü
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ä
Ä
¾
¼
º
ä
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
OD FRQFLHQFLD PRUDO
¸
´
¸
´
Ç
·
¼
º
Ã
¾
¸
º
´
·
»
¸
¾
Ä
´
·
¼
¾
º
Ã
·
¾
Ã
è
Ã
¹
´
È
Ã
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ã
\ ORFDOLGDG HVWUDWHJLDV GH HQFXHQWUR SDUD OD
HGXFDFLyQ
Ä
¾
¼
º
Ã
¹
´
¾
¸
Ä
´
Â
º
»
Ã
È
Ç
·
¹
Æ
¸
7RXULxiQ-0E/DHGXFDFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDXQUHWR
Â
º
¾
Ä
¾
¹
Ã
¹
Â
Ç
µ
ó
¸
¾
GH OD VRFLHGDG GLJLWDO HQ OD HVFXHOD
´
È
Ã
ú
Ç
È
Ã
¹
´
´
¹
Ã
Ü
Ç
Ü
è
´
Ä
¾
¼
º
¾
¸
º
7RXULxiQ-0D/DHGXFDFLyQLQWHUFXOWXUDOFRPR
HMHUFLFLR GH HGXFDFLyQ HQ YDORUHV
·
´
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
é
¼
º
»
¹
¾
Ç
¼
-XQLR
é
Ú
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ä
¾
¼
º
Ã
¹
´
Ø
º
¾
Ü
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
´
¸
´
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
¸
7RXULxiQ-09DORUHV\FRQYLYHQFLDFLXGDGDQD
XQD UHVSRQVDELOLGDG GH IRUPDFLyQ FRPSDUWLGD
)HFKD
\ GHULYDGD
º
´
·
Ä
´
¸
Â
¾
Æ
´
ê
Æ
·
¸
¸
Ã
¹
´
Ù
´
´
È
´
¼
º
µ
ô
´
È
¸
º
Ç
Ã
´
¼
´
¼
¹
º
»
·
Â
»
Ã
Â
º
Â
»
¾
·
Æ
¸
Ã
È
Ê
´
¼
$&RUXxD1HWELEOR
¸
ORPLVPRGHVGHODPLUDGDSHGDJyJLFD(OUHWR
Ã
Ã
GH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH iPELWRV GH HGXFDFLyQ
IHEUHUR
ä
Ç
Ç
Ã
7RXULxiQ-0E&RQRFHUHQVHxDU\HGXFDUQRVRQ
ì
Ã
¸
£
¹
ç
¼
¼
7RXULxiQ - 0 D
ä
¶
Â
Ê
ç
¼
»
´
Ê
7RXULxiQ - 0 D ,QWHUFXOWXUDOLVPR JOREDOLGDG
é
¹
FRQ ODV iUHDV FXOWXUDOHV" HQ 6, 7( 'HVPLWL¿FDFLyQ \ FUtWLFD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ
%DUFHORQD2FWDHGURSS
é
´
ä
¾
Æ
7RXULxiQ-0E¢(QVHxDUiUHDVFXOWXUDOHVRHGXFDU
7RXULxiQ - 0 E 6RFLHGDG FLYLO \ HGXFDFLyQ GH
Ä
¾
¸
´
Â
UHGXFFLRQLVWD HO VHQWLGR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ
´
é
Ã
Ã
È
´
º
è
é
ê
ë
ì
é
¸
7RXULxiQ - 0 'LU ñ
»
¸
¹
Ã
µ
´
¸
º
Ç
¼
¹
´
¶
´
¹
Ã
·
Ü
Ç
Ü
º
è
´
¼
Ù
Ã
µ
´
´
¼
Ç
¹
Ã
»
Þ
Â
¾
Ã
Ç
È
Â
Æ
¾
Æ
Ü
¾
Â
¸
Ê
Ã
Ê
&RUXxD1HWELEOR
7RXULxiQ - 0 'LU ê
´
¼
Ã
·
·
Ç
È
È
Ç
Â
è
Ä
¾
Â
Ç
Ø
¼
´
¸
º
¾
¹
Ç
ç
Ç
·
¹
Æ
¸
¾
SXEOLFDFLyQ$EULOGH
7RXULxiQ - 0 F 'HFLVLyQ SROtWLFD \ SROLWL]DFLyQ
º
´
·
Â
»
È
º
»
·
Ã
È
¹
´
È
Ã
´
¹
»
Â
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Ù
Â
Ç
¸
Ä
¾
Ä
´
¸
Â
¾
Ã
FXDOL¿FDGD\HVSHFL¿FDGD&RUXxD1HWELEOR
7RXULxiQ-0\6iH]5
GH OD GHFLVLyQ FRPSOHMLGDG HVWUXFWXUDO GH OD
GHFLVLyQ HQ SROtWLFD HGXFDWLYD HQ - (YDQV \ (
¸
µ
¶
´
´
º
¹
Ç
¹
Ç
Ã
Ü
Æ
È
Ü
Ç
Ü
¾
è
Â
Ã
Ã
Ù
Ö
Ç
Â
Ã
È
¾
å
´
Ç
Ã
·
Â
è
¾
Ç
Ã
¹
¸
´
´
¼
È
Ê
$&RUXxD1HWELEOR
Ã
´
ã
¹
Ã
»
Â
µ
Ã
Â
¾
¾
·
Æ
Ã
¸
¹
Ø
Ã
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
´
Â
Ü
HQWUH HO FDMyQ GH VDVWUH \ OD VLPSOL¿FDFLyQ
ä
»
¾
7RXULxiQ - 0 D (GXFDFLyQ LQWHUFXOWXUDO Vt R QR
([LJHQFLDV GH OD FRPSHWHQFLD WpFQLFD
1~PHUR H[WUDRUGLQDULR ¹
º
´
7RXULxiQ - 0 (GXFDFLyQ \ JHVWLyQ FXOWXUDO
´
¼
¸
,*$&,
¹
´
I S N N
¾
´
¾
N 5
´
ä
3
¹
%UDYR*HVWLyQGHSROtWLFDFLHQWt¿FD\UHFXUVRV
6DQWLDJR GH &RPSRVWHOD
V O L
7RXULxiQ - 0 &UHDWLYLGDG HGXFDFLyQ H
7RXULxiQ - 0 E 6RFLHGDG GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ
M a y o
ê
µ
º
-
3RQHQFLDV GH OD &RQIHUHQFLD FLHQWt¿FD /D+DEDQD&<7('<HQ
Ç
¼
7RXULxiQ-0D'HVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOH\HGXFDFLyQ
*UXSR6, 7(
GH ODV SROtWLFDV UHJLRQDOHV GH ,'7 ,; &XPEUH
¸
¾
´
Ç
Ä
Ã
ä
Â
´
ì
Ã
é
Ê
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
´
¹
B o l e t í n
0p[LFR
7RXUDLQH $ )RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFDHGUHLPS
E D U C A C I Ó N
´
È
Ã
×
Ç
µ
¾
´
¼
¾
¼
º
Æ
·
¸
Ã
¹
µ
»
¾
¸
Ä
´
¹
¾
·
Ã
¼
¾
È
¹
¹
Ã
´
¹
Â
×
»
·
È
º
´
»
Ã
·
º
¾
Ã
Ä
Ã
Ù
¹
´
ë
¸
¼
Ã
Ö
Ç
·
·
·
µ
Ç
È
´
È
·
¼
Ç
Â
¾
127$%,%2*5È),&$
þ
ÿ
Ç
¼
ï
Ã
¸
»
´
È
Ç
»
·
¾
ú
ô
¸
ã
Æ
¶
´
å
B o l e t í n
Ç
P L A N E T A R I A
·
Ö
C I U D A D A N A
Ç
0DGULG81(6&260)XQGDFLyQ6DQWD0DUtD
815,6' C O N V I V E N C I A
3 3
¹
»
L A
·
81(6&2 P A R A
û
þ
¾
¼
¾
Ú
È
´
½
Ã
¸
¹
¼
Ê
Ã
¾
¸
Ü
·
´
¼
¶
Ç
¸
¼
¾
Ú
¾
È
¾
º
Ã
Ã
È
¹
´
Ä
´
È
Ç
¶
µ
´
¸
º
*LQHEUD 815,6'
Â
¾
Æ
´
¸
ü
ø
ü
Ê
Ã
´
¼
º
·
Ç
¹
ì
´
¸
û
¼
´
ú
Ã
¸
å
Ã
Â
´
¸
Ä
´
·
Â
¾
Ã
¹
·
¾
µ
Ã
·
¾
Ã
ü
ö
Ê
ã
¾
Å
¾
Å
û
ê
8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH IRU 6RFLDO
Ç
ü
ö
ì
Ù
Ç
Â
º
Ç
·
ü
ý
ö
´
÷
¸
´
¹
Ã
Ü
Ç
Ü
è
Ã
¶
Ç
·
È
Ã
¸
û
þ
¼
¾
¹
Ã
¹
×
Ç
µ
¶
È
»
º
´
¸
¼
´
¹
é
´
Ã
¹
·
¾
¹
¼
¶
Ã
ú
Ã
ö
Â
Ç
¸
¶
·
´
µ
¾
Ç
´
Þ
Å
÷
ò
´
¸
´
Ä
´
º
·
Ã
Ç
·
¹
¾
¸
Ã
·
¾
Ç
´
¸
Ã
µ
Ú
Ç
¼
Â
Ã
¼
Ç
¼
Ê
×
Ã
º
´
¹
·
ô
Ü
·
Ã
º
¾
Â
Ç
¹
´
¸
¾
Ä
´
·
¼
¾
¹
Ã
¹
û
é
ù
ù
ù
½
´
¸
´
Þ
º
¼
º
´
¶
¾
¸
¼
Ç
Â
¾
Ã
È
¹
´
Ä
´
È
Ç
¶
µ
´
¸
º
Ê
ü
ý
ý
ö
Ê
Ä
Ã
È
»
Ã
¹
Ç
·
Å
Ã
»
¹
¾
º
Ç
·
¹
´
¶
·
Ç
µ
Ã
¼
»
¸
¾
Ä
´
·
¼
¾
º
Ã
·
¾
Ç
¼
Ø
SUR\HFWRV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ \ SXEOLFDFLRQHV FLHQWt¿FDV HQ
KWWSZZZXQULVGRUJ%&%%KWWS3UR
MHFWV$%&$%&%)%$(%"2SHQ
'RFXPHQW
9DOFiUFHO $ eWLFD SDUD XQ PXQGR JOREDO 8QD
DSXHVWDSRUHOKXPDQLVPRIUHQWHDOIDQDWLVPR0DGULG7H
PDVGH+R\
9$5,26 &RRSHUDFLyQ DO GHVDUUROOR (QFXHQWUR
LQWHUQDFLRQDOGH UHGHV \ FHQWURVGH ODVRFLHGDGFLYLOLEHU
RDPHULFDQD 6DQWLDJR GH &RPSRVWHOD )XQGDFLyQ &DL[D
*DOLFLDH,JDFL
RUJDQLVPRVR¿FLDOHV\UHYLVWDVSURIHVLRQDOHV$XWRUGHPiV
¹
´
´
ø
¹
»
Â
ù
Ã
Ã
º
¾
Ä
·
º
Ç
è
¼
Â
»
Ø
¾
È
¸
Ç
º
¼
Ù
´
·
ü
Ä
´
¸
È
Â
¾
Æ
¾
Ú
¸
·
Ç
¶
¼
´
¼
¹
Ã
Ç
Ú
Ü
Æ
·
´
Ü
¾
¹
Â
´
Ã
¼
Ù
Ã
Ö
·
»
·
Ç
¸
È
Â
¾
È
Ç
Æ
¹
¸
´
¶
¼
´
¹
¾
Ã
¼
º
Ü
´
Æ
µ
Ã
Ü
¾
¼
Â
Ã
V i r t u a l - A b r i l
'HYHORSPHQW ,QIRUPH LQFOXLGR HQ
é
Ù
Ê
-
Ã
¾
·
Ç
¸
´
Ã
Â
È
´
¾
¼
Ú
¾
¹
Ç
Ê
¶
·
»
º
·
´
µ
Ã
¾
Ù
´
Ç
¼
Â
Ã
º
Ç
·
»
¾
º
Ã
Ç
¸
Æ
¶
·
µ
Ç
¾
Ö
´
Â
Ç
¼
¾
¼
Ç
Ø
¸
¸
Ã
Ã
Â
È
¾
½
Ç
¸
Ã
Ã
¼
¾
È
´
¹
¼
´
Ç
¾
¶
·
¸
´
º
´
µ
·
¾
¸
Ã
Ã
¹
Â
Å
Ã
Ù
ELRJUD¿DGDHQUHSHUWRULRVHXURSHRV\DPHULFDQRV(VFR
·
¹
¾
¸
Ã
¹
Ç
·
¹
´
È
Ü
·
»
¶
Ç
¹
´
¾
¸
Ä
´
¼
º
¾
Ü
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
´
·
Â
´
·
Ã
ò
´
¸
´
ä
¸
º
´
Ü
·
Ã
¹
Ç
´
¸
È
Ã
·
´
¹
¹
´
¾
¸
Ä
´
¼
º
¾
Ü
Ã
Â
¾
Æ
¸
Â
Ç
µ
¶
´
º
¾
º
¾
Ä
Ã
é
Â
ê
¾
Æ
¸
ë
Å
Ø
ë
Ã
3
¾
·
V O L
Ç
M a y o
æ
×
û
÷
´
¹
Ã
¹
¹
´
¹
¾
¸
Ä
´
´
Ã
¼
¸
º
º
¾
¾
Ã
Ü
Ã
Ü
Â
Ç
¾
Æ
¹
¸
´
´
¸
×
Ç
Â
µ
¾
´
¶
¸
Ç
Â
¼
¾
º
Ã
´
¼
È
¼
Ã
Ç
Â
Ê
¾
»
Ã
È
´
¼
´
¼
¶
ö
Ø
´
¹
Â
¾
´
Ã
È
È
¾
å
Ã
Â
È
¾
¸
Ã
·
´
¼
º
ô
Â
´
¸
º
·
Ã
¹
Ã
´
¸
´
Ç
·
è
Ã
¹
´
È
¾
Æ
¾
Ä
¸
´
¹
·
¾
¼
¼
Â
¹
º
º
¶
»
Â
õ
Ã
Â
´
Ú
¾
¼
Æ
¶
¸
Ù
´
·
´
¼
Ç
Ã
Ç
·
¾
¼
è
Ê
Ã
»
¹
¼
´
Â
Ê
È
´
¼
Ã
Ö
¶
»
´
¸
·
¼
Â
Ç
¾
Ã
Ã
Æ
¹
¸
¾
¼
¶
Û
Å
»
´
Â
Ç
¹
¼
Ã
Ã
Â
´
µ
Ü
¾
Æ
Æ
Ã
Ü
¸
¸
¾
»
Â
Ø
Ç
Ã
È
è
º
¾
Â
Ã
¹
´
´
È
Ê
Ê
º
Ç
»
·
¾
¸
Ã
¸
2 2 6 6 - 1 5 3 6
½
Ã
Å
¾
ì
é
È
¾
I S N N
é
¶
¸
Ã
N 5
·
¹