Del alma herida Dell’anima ferita 1987/2007 Paloma Navares a Tino a Tino Instituto Cervantes Ayuntamiento de Sassuolo Comune di Sassuolo Director Direttore Carmen Caffarel Serra Alcalde Sindaco *UD]LDQR3DWWX]]L Secretario General Segretario Generale -RDTXtQGHOD,Q¿HVWD Consejero Cultural en el Ayuntamiento Assessorato alla Cultura 6WHIDQR&DUGLOOR Director de Gabinete Direttore di Gabinetto Manuel Rico Rego Director de Cultura Direttore di Cultura ;RVp/XLV*DUFtD&DQLGR Director del Instituto Cervantes de Milán Direttore dell’Instituto Cervantes di Milano $QWyQ&DVWUR Consejero Turismo en el Ayuntamiento Assessorato al Turismo &DUOD*KLUDUGLQL Ministero Beni Culturali Soprintendenza Patrimonio Storico Artistico ed Etnoantropologico di Modena e Reggio Emilia 6HUHQLWD3DSDOGR/DXUD%HGLQL Exposición - Mostra Agradecimientos - Ringraziamentti Comisario de la Exposición Curatore della mostra $QWyQ&DVWUR Antón Castro Comisaria de la exposición en Toulouse Curatore delle mostra in Toulouse 'DQLHOOH'HORXFKH Coordinación Instituto Cervantes de Milán Coordinamento Instituto Cervantes di Milano &DUPHQ&DQLOODVGHO5H\ Coordinación Ayuntamiento de Sassuolo Coordinamento Comune di Sassuolo (OLVDEHWWD/HRQDUGL Gabinete de Prensa de Sassuolo 8I¿FLR6WDPSD&RPXQHGL6DVVXROR )DELR3DQFLUROL 'LUHFWRU GHO ,QVWLWXWR &HUYDQWHV GH 0LOiQ Fany Rubio 'LUHFWRUD GHO ,QVWLWXWR &HUYDQWHV GH 5RPD Danielle Deluoche &UtWLFDGH$UWH\&RPLVDULDGHOD([SRVLFLyQ GH7RXORXVH Margarita Ledo Andión &DWHGUiWLFDGH&RPXQLFDFLyQ$XGLRYLVLXDO Marie-Linda Ortega (VFULWRUD3URIHVRUDGHO'SWRGH(VWXGLRV +LVSiQLFRVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH7RXORXVH/H Mirail Tino Muñoz David Muñoz Valentín Ferrero Rael Del Fraile Loghi Sponsor Coordinación de la itinerancia Coordinazione dell’Itineranza ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV SecretariaSegretaria Organizzativa 3DWUL]LD6SH]]DQL$UHD$UHH Jefe del Departamento de Actividades Culturales (UQHVWR3HUp]=~xLJD Coordinación Técnica 0DUtD-RVp0DJDxD Administración -RVp-DYLHUGHOD)XHQWH -RVp/XLV0ROLQD Documentación <RODQGD+3LQ Con la colaboración de (ORLVDGHO$OLVDO <DODVgalerías TXHUHSUHVHQWDQD3DORPD1DYDUHV MAN. Mario Mauroner Contemporary Art, 6DO]EXUJ9LHQQD GLUHFWRU Mario Mauroner ZZZJDOHULHPDPFRP Galería Max Estrella, Madrid GLUHFWRU$OEHUWRGH-XDQ ZZZPD[HVWUHOODFRP Hibrida. Madrid. GLUHFWRU'DYLG0XxR] ZZZKLEULGDHV Catálogo electrónico ZZZQDYDUHVFRPGHODOPDKHULGDBLWDOLDSGI www.navares.com Catálogo - Catalogo Del alma herida Dell’anima ferita Concepto - Ideazione 3DORPD1DYDUHV Diseño y documentación Disegno e documentazione +LEULGD Corrección de estilo Correzione estilo 5HEHFD*XWLpUUH] Traducción de los textos Traduzione testi ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV &DUPHQ&DQLOODV 6RODQJH+LEEV/LVVRUJXHV $\XQWDPLHQWRGH6DVVXROR &RPXQHGL6DVVXROR 1987/2007 Paloma Navares 2PQLD7UDGX]LRQL $QWRQHOOD)DEEULFDWRUH9DOHULD0DULQR 1RHPL0LFFLQLOOL*LRUJLD*XLGL0LFKHOOD 5RPDQR0DULD0RUDQWH0DUD7LEXU]L /XFLDQR&DFFLDPDQL )RWRJUDItDV)RWRJUD¿H 7LQR0XxR] 'DYLG0XxR] Edita ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV Reedición - Riedizione &RPXQHGL6DVVXROR Copyright GHORVWH[WRVVXVDXWRUHV GHLWHVWLVXRLDXWRUL GHODVLPiJHQHV9(*$3 GHOO¶LPPDJLQH9(*$3 GHODVIRWRVVXVDXWRUHV GHOOHIRWRJUD¿HVXRLDXWRUL GHOGLVHxR+LEULGD GHOGLVHJQR+LEULGD GHOFDWiORJRHOHFWUyQLFR+LEULGD GHOFDWDORJRHOHWWURQLFR+LEULGD GHODHGLFLyQ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV GHOO¶HGL]LRQH,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV GHODUHHGLFLyQ$\XQWDPLHQWRGH6DVVXROR GHOODULHGL]LRQH&RPXQHGL6DVVXROR ,6%1 1,32 'HSyVLWR/HJDO6( Exposición itinerante Mostra itinerante Biblioteca Pública del Estado, Zamora Instituto Cervantes, Toulouse Université de Toulouse - Le Mirail, Toulouse Château Musée du Cayla, Toulouse Instituto Cervantes, Roma Instituto Cervantes, Milán Palazzo Ducale di Sassuolo, Modena. Del alma herida Dell’anima ferita 1987/2007 Paloma Navares Palabras cautivas, Transparencias Parole imprigionate, Trasparenze Cunas de agua, Casa de cristal Culle di acqua, Casa di cristallo Cantos rodados, Viaje a la memoria Angoli arrotondati, Viaggio nella memoria Pensamientos, Flores de mi jardín Pensieri, Fiori del mio giardino Índice Sommaire 3UHVHQWDFLyQ 3UHVHQWD]LRQH Cantos rodados, Viaje a la memoria Galets, Voyage vers la mémoire Angoli arrotondati, Viaggio nella memoria Carmen Caffarel Serra 3UHVHQWDFLyQ 3UHVHQWD]LRQH *UD]LDQR3DWWX]]L 'HODQDWXUDOH]DGHOWLHPSR GHODWUDQVSDUHQFLDGHOREHOORO 'HOODQDWXUDGHOWHPSR GHOODWUDQVSDUHQ]DGHOEHOOR $QWyQ&DVWUR 'HGLFDWRULDV 'HGLFKH 'pGLFDFHV 'DQLHOOH'HORXFKH Palabras cautivas, Transparencias Parole imprigionate, Trasparenze Mots captifs, Transparences $ODREUDGH3DORPD1DYDUHVHQ5RPD )DQQ\5XELR /DDWPyVIHUDFRPR¿JXUDDUWtVWLFD /¶DWPRVIHUDFRPH¿JXUDDUWLVWLFD /¶DWPRVSKqUHFRPPH¿JXUHDUWLVWLTXH 0DUJDULWD/HGR$QGLRQ Cunas de agua, Casa de cristal Culle di acqua, Casa di cristallo Berceaux d’eau, Maison de cristal. %UHYHSURSHGpXWLFDGHOYHU %UHYHSURSHGHXWLFDGHOYHGHUH %UqYHSURSpGHXWLTXHGXYRLU 0DULH/LQGH2UWHJD Pensamientos, Flores de mi jardín Pensieri, Fiori del mio giardino Pensées, Fleurs de mon jardin Del alma herida De l’âme blessée The Wounded Soul (QHOMDUGtQGH3DORPD1DYDUHV )ORUHVFRQWUDODDQHVWHVLD ,QWKHJDUGHQRI3DORPD1DYDUHV )ORZHUV$JDLQVWDQDHVWKVLD 0DUWD0DQWHFyQ ([SRVLFLRQHV%LEOLRJUDItD 0RVWUH%LEOLRJUD¿D ([SRVLWLRQV%LEOLRJUDSKLH Presentazione Presentación Carmen Caffarel Serra Carmen Caffarel Serra 'LUHWWULFH,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV 'LUHFWRUD,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV 8QRGHJOLRELHWWLYLGHOO¶,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV¿QGDLVXRL 8QRGHORVREMHWLYRVGHO,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHVGHVGHVXV LQL]LqODGLIIXVLRQHGHOODOLQJXDHGHOO¶DUWHVSDJQROD LQLFLRVHVODGLIXVLyQGHODOHQJXD\GHODUWHHVSDxRO0H 6RQROLHWRGLSUHVHQWDUHODPRVWUD'HOO¶DQLPDIHULWD FRPSODFHSUHVHQWDUODH[SRVLFLyQ'HO$OPDKHULGDGH GL3DORPD1DYDUHVDUWLVWDFRQXQLPSRUWDQWHSHUFRUVR 3DORPD1DYDUHVDUWLVWDFRQXQDLPSRUWDQWHWUD\HFWRULD LQWHUQD]LRQDOHFKHFRQLXJDHQWUDPELJOLRELHWWLYLFRPH LQWHUQDFLRQDO TXH FRQMXJD DPEDV PDWHULDV FRPR VFHOWDPHWRGRORJLFDFUHDWLYD PHWRGRORJtDFUHDGRUD &RQTXHVWDPRVWUDOD1DYDUHVSHUFRUUHXQFDPPLQR &RQ HVWD H[SRVLFLy 1DYDUHV UHFRUUH XQ FDPLQR GH GLULFHUFDDRJQLSDVVRXQ¶RSHUDHDRJQLRSHUDXQ E~VTXHGDFDGDSDVRXQDREUD\FDGDREUDXQGLiORJR GLDORJRFRQVFULWWRULHSRHWLFKHKDQQRVFHOWRLOVXLFLGLR FRQHVFULWRUHV\SRHWDVTXHHOLJLHURQHOVXLFLGLRFRPR FRPHIXJDGDOPRQGR/HVXHRSHUHVRQRXQDULÀHV KXLGD GHO PXQGR 6XV REUDV VRQ XQD UHÀH[LyQ VREUH VLRQH VXL FRQ¿QL WUD OD YLWD H OD PRUWH OD YHJOLD H LO ORV OtPLWHV HQWUH OD YLGD \ OD PXHUWH OD YLJLOLD \ HO VRQQRLOVHQQRHODIROOLDODVDOXWHHODPDODWWLDWUDOD VXHxRODFRUGXUD\ODORFXUDODVDOXG\ODHQIHUPHGDG VDEELDHLOPDUHFKHDYROWHVLIRQGRQRLQXQFRQ¿QH HQWUH OD DUHQD \ HO PDU TXH HQ RFDVLRQHV VH IXQGHQ LPSUHFLVR/HHPR]LRQLHLSHQVLHULFKHDVVDOJRQROR HQXQHQXQOtPLWHGLVWRUVLRQDGR/DVHPRFLRQHV\ORV VSHWWDWRUHQHOFRQWHPSODUHOHGLYHUVHRSHUHVRQRYHU SHQVDPLHQWRVTXHDERUGDQDOHVSHFWDGRUDOFRQWHPSODU VLRQLGLXQDVWHVVDVWRULDTXHOODGLFKLKDDYXWRO¶$QLPD ODV GLIHUHQWHV REUDV VRQ YHUVLRQHV GH XQD PLVPD )HULWDHKDYROXWRVYHJOLDUVLGDOVRQQRGHOODYLWDRq KLVWRULD OD GH DTXHOORV TXH WXYLHURQ HO DOPD KHULGD \ FRQVDSHYROHFRPH&HVDUH3DYHVHQHOVXRXOWLPRGLD TXLVLHURQGHVSHUWDUGHOVXHxRGHODYLGDRUHFRUGDURQ ULR,OPHVWLHUHGLYLYHUHFKHXQJLRUQRRO¶DOWURGHYH FRPR &HVDUH 3DYHVH HQ VX ~OWLPR GLDULR (O R¿FLR GH morire YLYLUTXHDOJ~QGtDWHQGUtDQTXHPRULU 'HOO¶DQLPD IHULWD FL VRPPHUJH QHO OLULVPR GHOO¶XQL 'HO$OPDKHULGDQRVVXPHUJHHQHOOLULVPRGHOXQLYHUVR YHUVRFUHDWLYRGL3DORPD1DYDUHVDWWUDYHUVRPHWDIRUH FUHDWLYRGH3DORPD1DYDUHVDWUDYpVGHPHWiIRUDVGH GLJUDQGHFDULFDSRHWLFD&LLQWURGXFHQHOVXRPRQGR JUDQFDUJDSRpWLFD1RVLQLFLDHQVXPXQGRVLPEyOLFRGH VLPEROLFRGLYLWDVROLWXGLQHOLEHUWjDPRUHHPRUWHFRQ YLGDVROHGDGOLEHUWDGDPRU\PXHUWHFRQLPiJHQHVTXH LPPDJLQL FKH QDVFRQR GDOO¶LQWHUQR GHOO¶DUWLVWD GRYH EURWDQGHVGHHOLQWHULRUGHODDUWLVWDGRQGHODPHPRULD ODPHPRULDHLOULFRUGRVLLQFURFLDQRFRQLOSHQVLHURH \ HO UHFXHUGR VH HQWUHFUX]DQ FRQ HO SHQVDPLHQWR \ OD O¶HPR]LRQHFRQFLzFKHq¿VLFRHFLzFKHqVSLULWXDOH HPRFLyQFRQORItVLFR\ORHVSLULWXDO &XDQGR ORV SHQVDPLHQWRV VRQ XQD FDVFDGD GH ÀRUHV 4XDQGRLSHQVLHULVRQRXQDFDVFDWDGL¿RULJULJLGDOOD JULVHVGHODTXHEURWDXQRGHFRORUDPDULOORRFXDQGR TXDOHJHUPRJOLDXQRGLFRORUHJLDOORRTXDQGRLFLRW ORV FDQWRV URGDGRV FRQ LQVFULSFLRQHV VH SURWHJHQ HQ WROLFRQLVFUL]LRQLVLSURWHJJRQRLQFDVVHGLYHWURFRPH FDMDV GH FULVWDO D PRGR GH ©IyVLOHV PHWDIyULFRVª R ³IRVVLOL PHWDIRULFL´ R TXDQGR OD ULYD GLYHQWD O¶LQL]LR FXDQGRODRULOODVHFRQYLHUWHHQHOSULQFLSLRGHOFDPLQR GLXQFDPPLQRYHUVRO¶DOWUDVSRQGDWURYLDPROHSD KDFLDRWUDSDUWHQRVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQODVSDODEUDVGH UROHGLDOFXQLGHLSLIDPRVLVFULWWRULHSRHWLGHOYHQ DOJXQRVGHORVPiVGHVWDFDGRVHVFULWRUHV\SRHWDVGHO WHVLPRVHFROR3DXO&HODQ$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN6\OYLD VLJOR ;; 3DXO &HODQ $OHMDQGUD 3L]DUQLN 6\OYLD 3ODWK 3ODWK$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL'HOPLUD$JXVWL9LUJLQLD:RROI $OIRQVLQD 6WRUQL 'HOPLUD $JXVWLQL 9LULJLQLD :RROI $QWRQLQ$UWXG6DPXHO%HFNHWW0LFKHO)RXFDXOW&D Presentazione Presentación *UD]LDQR3DWWX]]L *UD]LDQR3DWWX]]L ,O6LQGDFRGL6DVVXROR $OFDOGHGH6DVVXROR ³6DVVXRORLQFRQWUDOD6SDJQD´qXQDUDVVHJQDJLXQWD (OFLFOR³6DVVXRORHQFXHQWUD(VSDxD´TXHFXPSOHHVWH RUPDLDOODVXDVHFRQGDHGL]LRQHFDSDFHGLXQLUHLQXQ DxR VX VHJXQGD HGLFLyQ ORJUD UHXQLU HQ XQ PHV GH PHVHGLDSSXQWDPHQWLFXOWXUHHWUDGL]LRQLDSSDUHQ FLWDVFXOWXUDV\WUDGLFLRQHVDSDUHQWHPHQWHGLYHUVDV WHPHQWHGLVWDQWLPDLQUHDOWjPROWRVLPLOLHYLFLQHWUD SHURHQUHDOLGDGPX\VLPLODUHV\YHFLQDVHQWUHHOODV $QWRQLQ $UWDXG 6DPXHO %HFNHWW 0LFKDHO )RXFDXOW PLOOH &ODXGHO (PLO\ 'LFNLQVRQ 6DUD 7HDVGDOH $QQH &DPLOOH&ODXGHO(PLO\'LFNLQVRQ6DUD7HDVGDOH$QQH 6H[WRQ« 6H[WRQ 9RJOLRHVSULPHUHODQRVWUDJUDWLWXGLQHDWXWWLTXHOOLFKH 4XLHUR WUDQVPLWLU QXHVWUR DJUDGHFLPLHQWR D WRGRV ORV KDQQRUHVRSRVVLELOHTXHVWRSURJHWWRVSHFLDOPHQWHD TXHKDQKHFKRSRVLEOHHVWHSUR\HFWRHVSHFLDOPHQWHD 3DORPD1DYDUHVSHULOVXRHQWXVLDVPRHJHQHURVLWjQHO 3DORPD 1DYDUHV SRU VX HQWXVLDVPR \ JHQHURVLGDG DO FRQGLYLGHUHFRQQRLOHVXHFUHD]LRQLDO&RPXQHGL6DV FRPSDUWLUFRQQRVRWURVVXVFUHDFLRQHVDO$\XQWDPLHQWR VXRORLQROWUHULQJUD]LRORVWDIIWHFQLFRGHOO¶,QVWLWXWR GH6DVVXRORDVtPLVPRDJUDGH]FRDOHTXLSRWpFQLFRGHO &HUYDQWHVODVXDSURIHVVLRQDOLWjHGHGL]LRQH ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHVVXSURIHVLRQDOLGDG\GHGLFDFLyQ loro. (QHVWHFRQWH[WRODH[SRVLFLyQGH3DORPD1DYDUHVHQ ,Q XQ FRQWHVWR VLPLOH OD PRVWUD GL 3DORPD 1DYDUHV HO3DODFLR'XFDOVHLQWHJUDQRVRODPHQWHFRQHOOXJDU D 3DOD]]R 'XFDOH VL LQWHJUD DOOD SHUIH]LRQH QRQ VROR VLQRVREUHWRGRFRQHOHVStULWXGHODLQLFLDWLYD\ODKXH FRQOD³ORFDWLRQ´PDDQFKHHVRSUDWWXWWRFRQORVSLULWR OODFXOWXUDOTXHGHVGHDxRVHO$\XQWDPLHQWRKDTXH GHOO¶LQL]LDWLYDHO¶LPSURQWDFXOWXUDOHFKHGDDQLO¶$P ULGRGDUDODUHVLGHQFLDGHYHUDQRGHORV(VWHQVL PLQLVWUD]LRQHFRPXQDOHKDYROXWRGDUHDOODUHVLGHQ]D HVWLYDGHJOL(VWHQVL 8QDH[SRVLFLyQTXHFRQVWUXLGDDOUHGHGRUGHODFXOWXUD ODSRHVtD\ODOLWHUDWXUDVHIXQGHQDWXUDOPHQWHHQHO 8QDPRVWUDFRVWUXLWDDWWRUQRDOODFXOWXUDDOODSRHVLDH FRQWH[WRGH3DODFLR'XFDOXQDYHUGDGHUDMR\DDUWtVWLFD DOODOHWWHUDWXUDVLIRQGHQDWXUDOPHQWHQHOFRQWHVWRGL \DUTXLWHFWyQLFDGHUDUDEHOOH]D 3DOD]]R'XFDOHXQYHURHSURSULRJLRLHOORDUWLVWLFRHG DUFKLWHWWRQLFRGLUDUDEHOOH]]D &RQHVWDH[SRVLFLyQORVYLVLWDQWHVSRGUiQDSUHFLDUOR FHUFDTXHHVWiQFXOWXUDOPHQWH,WDOLD\(VSDxDDEULHQGR $WWUDYHUVRTXHVWDPRVWUDLOYLVLWDWRUHSRWUjFRPSUHQ VXSURSLDPHQWHDXQQXHYRPRGRGHHQWHQGHUHODUWH GHUH TXDQWR YLFLQH FXOWXUDOPHQWH VLDQR O¶,WDOLD H OD FRQWHPSRUiQHRDWUDYpVGHODREUDGHXQDDUWLVWDGH 6SDJQDDSUHQGRODSURSULDPHQWHDGXQPRGRQXRYR QLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDO GLLQWHQGHUHO¶DUWHO¶DUWHFRQWHPSRUDQHDDWWUDYHUVR O¶RSHUDGLXQ¶DUWLVWDGLFDUDWXUDLQWHUQD]LRQDOH (QHVWDH[SRVLFLyQVHMXHJDFRQORVRSXHVWRVODYLGD\ ODPXHUWHODOLEHUWDG\ODVROHGDGVHIXQGHQSDUDGDU ,QTXHVWDPRVWUDJOLRSSRVWLODIDQQRGDSDGURQHOD YLGDDDOJRQXHYRGRQGHORVFRQWUDULRVVHDWUDHQHQ YLWDHODPRUWHODOLEHUWjHODVROLWXGLQHVLIRQGRQRSHU XQDVLPERORJtDFRQWHPSRUiQHD GDUHYLWDDTXDOFRVDGLQXRYRLQFXLJOLRSSRVWLVLDW WUDJJRQRLQXQDVLPERORJLDFRQWHPSRUDQHD 15 /DVWHVVDDUWHFRQWHPSRUDQHDD3DOD]]R'XFDOHLQFDUQD (OPLVPRDUWHFRQWHPSRUiQHRHQHO3DODFLR'XFDOHQ SURSULRORVSLULWRGHOODPRVWUDODPRGHUQLWjGHOOHRSHUH FDUQDHOHVStULWXGHODH[SRVLFLyQ/DPRGHUQLGDGGH GL3DORPD1DYDUHVRVSLWDWHQHOOHVHLFHQWHVFKHVDOHGL ODVREUDVGH3DORPD1DYDUHVH[SXHVWDVHQODVVDODV XQD GHOOH SL DSSUH]]DWH RSHUH G¶DUWH GHOOD 5HJLRQH GHOVLJOR;9GHXQDGHODVPiVDSUHFLDGDVREUDVGH VDSUDQQRDWWUDUUHHFROSLUHLOYLVLWDWRUHIRQGHQGRVLLQ DUWHGHODUHJLyQVDEUiQDWUDHU\HPRFLRQDUDOYLVL TXDOFRVDGLQXRYRQDWRGDOO¶XQLRQHGLFXOWXUHWUDGL]LRQL WDQWHIXQGLpQGRVHHQDOJRQXHYRQDFLGRGHODXQLyQGH HHVSUHVVLRQLDUWLVWLFKH FXOWXUDVWUDGLFLyQ\H[SUHVLRQHVDUWtVWLFDV Della natura del tempo, della transparenza del bello. De la naturaleza del tiempo, de la transparencia de lo $QWyQ&DVWUR bello. 'LUHWWRUHGHOO¶,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHVGL0LODQR &XUDWRUHGHOODPRVWUD $QWyQ&DVWUR &RPHXQ¶LVRODQHOSDQRUDPDHVWHWLFRVSDJQRORGHOO¶XO &RPRXQDLVODHQHOPDUFRHVWpWLFRHVSDxROGHO~OWLPR WLPR TXDUWR GL VHFROR ULPDVWR WDQWR DWWDFFDWR SHU FXDUWRGHVLJORWDQDSHJDGRGXUDQWHPXFKRVDxRVD PROWLDQQLDOO¶LGHDGLJHQHULGLIIHUHQ]LDWL3DORPD1D ODLGHDGHJpQHURVGLIHUHQFLDGRV3DORPD1DYDUHVQR YDUHVQRQVRORVLHUDGLVWDFFDWDGDTXHVWDGH¿QL]LRQH VyORKDEtDURWRFRQHVDGH¿QLFLyQVLQRTXHKDEtDLQ PDDYHYDDGGLULWWXUDLQFHQWLYDWRULVSHWWRDLOLQJXDJJL FHQWLYDGRIUHQWHDORVOHQJXDMHVWDQFR\XQWXUDOHVFRQ WDQWRFRQJLXQWXUDOLXWLOL]]DWLGDOODPDJJLRUDQ]DGHJOL TXHODPD\RUtDGHORVDUWLVWDVGHQXHVWURSDtVOH\HURQ DUWLVWLGHOQRVWURSDHVHSHUOHJJHUHO¶DWPRVIHUDSRVW ODDWPyVIHUDSRVWPRGHUQDXQSUR\HFWRGRQGHDTXpOORV PRGHUQDXQSURJHWWRGRYHLOLQJXDJJLVLGLOXLYDQRLQ VHGLOXtDQHQXQDREUDTXHDVSLUDEDDODWRWDOLGDGHQ XQ¶RSHUDFKHDVSLUDYDDOODWRWDOLWjLQWHUPLQLOLQJXLVWLFL WpUPLQRVOLQJtVWLFRV\FRQFHSWXDOHV6HH[SOLFDEDDVt HFRQFHWWXDOL6LHVSOLFDYDFRVuXQSURFHVVRGLGLOXL]LRQH XQSURFHVRGHGLOXFLyQGHJpQHURVHQHOTXHHOHVSDFLR GLJHQHULQHOTXDOHORVSD]LRVFHQRJUD¿FRHGXQDSH HVFHQRJUi¿FR\XQDSHFXOLDUDQDPRUIRVLVLQFLGtDQHQ FXOLDUHDQDPRUIRVLLQFLGHYDQRLQXQDSRHWLFDGLDYYH XQDSRpWLFDGHDFRQWHFLPLHQWRV\GHSURIpWLFDUHVLV QLPHQWLHGLSURIHWLFDUHVLVWHQ]DGRYHORVFXOWXULFRHG WHQFLDGRQGHORHVFXOWyULFR\ORSLFWyULFRSRGtDQLQWXLUVH LOSLWWRULFRSRWHYDQRHVVHUHLQWXLWLGDOO¶XWLOL]]RGHOO¶RJ GHVGHODXWLOL]DFLyQGHOREMHWRRGHODIRWRJUDItDODYL JHWWRRGHOODIRWRJUD¿DGHOODUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHYLGHRR GHRLQVWDODFLyQRODYLGHRSUR\HFFLyQHLQFOXVRGHVGHOD GHOODYLGHRSURLH]LRQHHGDQFKHGDOO¶D]LRQHGHOSHUIRU DFFLyQGHOSHUIRUPHUD¿QGHLPSOLFDUDODYLGDFRPR PHUSHUFRLQYROJHUHODYLWDFRPHVXFFHVVRDUWLVWLFR VXFHVRDUWtVWLFRWUD]DQGRXQHMHHQWUHODQDWXUDOH]D\ WUDFFLDQGRXQFROOHJDPHQWRWUDODQDWXUDHLOFRUSR HOFXHUSR 6HQ]D GXEELR TXHVWR QRQ HVFOXGHYD GXH GLPHQVLRQL 6LQHPEDUJRHVWRQRH[FOXtDGRVGLPHQVLRQHVHVHQFLD HVVHQ]LDOLFRPHHQWLWjULYHODWULFHQHOODVXDRSHUD OHVFRPRLGHQWLGDGUHYHODGRUDHQVXREUDODSRHVtD\ ODSRHVLDHODWUDVSDUHQ]DULQIRU]DQGRROWUHDLVLJQL¿ ODWUDQVSDUHQFLDUHIRU]DQGRDOODGRGHORVVLJQL¿FDQ FDQWLOLQJXLVWLFLLQQRYDWRULLVLJQL¿FDWLFKHFRPHVXS WHVOLQJtVWLFRVUHQRYDGRUHVORVVLJQL¿FDGRVTXHFRPR SRUUHEEH6XVDQ6RQWDJSRWUHEEHURHVVHUHLYDORULSL SUHWHQGLHUD6XVDQ6RQWDJSRGUtDQVHUORVYDORUHVPiV OLEHUDWRULGHOO¶DUWH/LEHUD]LRQHGHOODWUDVSDUHQ]DDW OLEHUDGRUHV GHO DUWH /LEHUDFLyQ GH OD WUDQVSDUHQFLD WUDYHUVDWDGDOODYLVLRQHNDQWLDQDGLXQDXWRULIHULPHQWR DWUDYHVDGDSRUODPLUDGDNDQWLDQDGHXQDDXWRUUHIH IRUPDOHGHOODEHOOH]]DFKHSXzQDVFRQGHUVLQHOODSDUROD UHQFLDIRUPDOGHODEHOOH]DTXHSXHGHHVFRQGHUVHHQOD GHOOHVXHDPPLUD]LRQLLGHDOLLQFRQWUDWHQHLSRHPLHQHL SDODEUDGHVXVDGPLUDFLRQHVLGHDOHVHQFRQWUDGDVHQ WHVWLGL6\OYLD3ODWK9LUJLQLD:ROI$QQH6H[WRQ$OH ORVSRHPDV\WH[WRVGHGH6\OYLD3ODWK9LUJLQLD:ROI 'LUHFWRUGHO,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHVGH0LOiQ &RPLVDULRGHOD([SRVLFLyQ MDQGUD3L]DUQLN(PLO\'LFNLQVRQR3DXO&HODQH&HVDUH $QQH6H[WRQ$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN(PLO\'LFNLQVRQR3DXO 7XWWDYLDFHUFDUHODEHOOH]]DTXHVWRSHFFDPLQRVRGH 3HUREXVFDUODEHOOH]DHVHSHFDPLQRVRGHVHRHVHQFLDO 3DYHVHWUDPROWLDOWULQXWULHQWLOHWWHUDUL7UDVSDUHQ]D &HODQ\&HVDUH3DYHVHHQWUHPXFKRVPiVQXWULHQWHV VLGHULR HVVHQ]LDOH FKH GHYH VHPSUH HVVHUH ULÀHVVR TXHGHEHUHÀHMDUVLHPSUHHODUWH\TXHKR\GH¿HQGHQ GHOODEHOOH]]DFKH ROWUHSDVVD L YHFFKL PLWLGHOODPH OLWHUDULRV7UDQVSDUHQFLDGHODEHOOH]DTXHWUDVSDVDORV GDOO¶DUWHHFKHRJJLqGLIHVRGDFULWLFLWDQWRFRPEDWWLYL FUtWLFRVWDQFRPEDWLYRVFRQWUDORVSUHMXLFLRVKHUHGDGRV PRULDHXQDPDOLQFRQLDVFLVVDQHO©MHHVWXQDXWUHª YLHMRVPLWRVGHODPHPRULD\XQDPHODQFROtDHVFLQGLGD FRQWURLSUHJLXGL]LHUHGLWDWLGDOODSHULIHULDGHJOLDQQL GHODSHULIHULDGHORVVHVHQWDFRPR'DYH+LFNH\HQVX GL5LPEDXGSHUULQIRU]DUHTXHOORFKHODVXFFLWDWD6RQ HQHO³MHHVWXQDXWUH´ULPEDXGLDQRSDUDUHIRU]DUORTXH µFRPH'DYH+LFNH\QHOVXRThe Invisible Dragon2 The Invisible Dragon2HVXQREMHWLYRLPSRUWDQWHHQHO WDJDIIHUPDYDHVVHUHIXQ]LRQHGHOODFULWLFDPRVWUDQGR ODFLWDGD6RQWDJGHFtDGHEtDVHUIXQFLyQGHODFUtWLFD qXQRELHWWLYRLPSRUWDQWHQHOJUDQÀRULOHJLRGL3D JUDQSRHPDULRGH3DORPD1DYDUHVXQDEHOOH]DTXHUH ©FRPHqTXHOORFKHqªHQRTXHOOR©FKHYXROHGLUHª1 . PRVWUDQGR³FyPRHVORTXpHV´\QROR³TXpVLJQL¿FD´ ORPD1DYDUHVXQDEHOOH]]DFKHULQQRYDLOVXRVLQJR QXHYDVXVLQJXODUPRGRGHHQWHQGHUHQWpUPLQRVSRp (UPHQHXWLFDFKHVLWUDVFULYHQHOO¶HOHYDWRYDORUHVLPER 1 +HUPHQpXWLFDTXHVHWUDQVFULEHHQHODOWRYDORUVLP ODUH PRGR GL LQWHQGHUH LQ WHUPLQL SRHWLFL LO SURSULR WLFRVVXOHQJXDMH\VXVFRQFHSWRV<DTXpOODORJUDTXH OLFRGLDOFXQLPDWHULDOLFKHGHOLPLWDQRODVXDRSHUDGDOOD EyOLFRGHXQRVPDWHULDOHVTXHGHOLPLWDQVXREUDGHVGH OLQJXDJJLRHGLSURSULFRQFHWWL(SURSULRTXHVWRFLSHU HQWHQGDPRVHOLQVWDQWHFRQJHODGRHQFDGDEURWHGHOD IUDJLOLWj OHJDWD WDQWH YROWH DOO¶LGHDOLVPR URPDQWLFR ODIUDJLOLGDGOLJDGDWDQWDVYHFHVDOLGHDOLVPRURPiQWLFR PHWWHGLFRPSUHQGHUHO¶LVWDQWHFRQJHODWRLQRJQLJHU QDWXUDOH]DTXHEXVFDED6FKHOOLQJHODUWHFRPRHVHQFLD FKHFLSHUPHWWHGLSHUFHSLUHQHLVXRLWURSLOLQJXLVWLFL TXHSHUPLWHTXHSHUFLEDPRVHQVXVWURSRVOLQJtVWL PRJOLRGHOODQDWXUDFKHFHUFDYD6FKHOOLQJO¶DUWHFRPH GHODTXHOLQVWDQWHORUHVFDWDGHOWLHPSRKDFHTXHDSD ODYLWDFRPHXQSDHVDJJLRHTXHVWRFRPHXQRVWDWR FRVODYLGDFRPRXQSDLVDMH\pVWHFRPRXQHVWDGR HVVHQ]D GL TXDOH LVWDQWH OR ULVFDWWD GDO WHPSR ID LQ UH]FDHQVXSXURVHUHQODHWHUQLGDGGHVXYLYLU. GHOO¶DQLPD,OYHWURLOPHWDFULODWRLOFHOORIDQLOHJJHUL GHODOPD(OYLGULRHOPHWDFULODWRHOFHORIiQORVOLJHURV PRGRFKHFRPSDLDQHOVXRSXURHVVHUHQHOO¶HWHUQLWj DWWUH]]LGDSHVFDLSLFFROLÀDFRQLGRPHVWLFLHJOLVWHVVL ~WLOHVGHSHVFDORVSHTXHxRVIUDVFRVGRPpVWLFRV\ORV GHOVXRYLYHUH. WHVWLQRQVRQRDOWURFKHHVWHQVLRQLGHOODQDWXUDHGHO PLVPRVWH[WRVQRVRQPiVTXHSURORQJDFLRQHVGHOD FRUSRIUDPPHQWLDYROWHGLXQULWXDOHSDQWHLVWDFKHVL QDWXUDOH]D\GHOFXHUSRIUDJPHQWRVDYHFHVGHXQ (FRVuKRSRWXWRSHUFHSLUHLJHVWLOLHYLHOLHYLVVLPLGHOOH DJXD\FDVDVGHFULVWDOFDQWRVURGDGRV\YLDMHVDOD SUHVHQWDQRFRPHVWUXPHQWLSHUEORFFDUHLOWHPSRRSHU ULWXDOSDQWHtVWDTXHVHSUHVLHQWHQFRPRLQVWUXPHQWRV VXHSDODEUDV\DSXQWHVSDODEUDVFDXWLYDVFXQDVGH PHPRULDVXVHULDOHVHQÀRU\VXVFRUD]RQHVKHULGRV ULSHQVDUORLQRJQLJHVWRGHOJUDQÀRULOHJLRFKHqDel SDUD¿MDUHOWLHPSRRSDUDUHSHQVDUORHQFDGDXQRGH DJXD\FDVDVGHFULVWDOFDQWRVURGDGRV\YLDMHVDOD VXVEXJDQYLOODVIXFVLD\VXVÀRUGHSHQVDPLHQWRVXV alma herida/RVSLULWRIHULWRHXQLGHDOHGLWUDVIRUPD ORVJHVWRVGHOJUDQSRHPDULRTXHHVDel alma herida\ PHPRULDVXVHULDOHVHQÀRU\VXVFRUD]RQHVKHULGRV DWDUGHFHUHV\VXVDPDQHFHUHV\VXVKRPHQDMHVVLOHQ ]LRQHLPSOLFLWRQHOODOXFHFKHLOOXPLQDRJQLRSHUDFRPH XQLGHDOGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQLPSOtFLWRHQODOX]TXHLOX VXV EXJDQYLOODV IXFVLD \ VXV ÀRUHV GH SHQVDPLHQWR FLRVRVDWDQWRVHVFULWRUHV\HVFULWRUDV LOSHUFRUVRSURSRVWRGDOODQRVWUDDUWLVWD8QSHUFRUVR PLQDFDGDREUDWDQWRFRPRHOFDPLQRTXHODDUWLVWD VXVDWDUGHFHUHV\VXVDPDQHFHUHVSDUROHHDSSXQWL VLQXRVRHVHUSHJJLDQWHFKHQDVFHGDOGHVLGHULRVLPLOH QRVSURSRQH8QFDPLQRVLQXRVR\VHUSHQWHDQWHTXH SDUROHLQWUDSSRODWHFXOOHGLDFTXDHFDVHGLFULVWDOOR &RQVXWUDEDMR\GHVGHSRVLFLRQHVVLHPSUHUHQRYD DTXHOORSURSRVWRQHOVXRPHWRGRGD0DUtD=DPEUDQR QDFHGHOGHVHRVHPHMDQWHDOTXHQRVSURSRQtDHQVX DQJROLDUURWRQGDWLHYLDJJLQHOODPHPRULDLVXRLFDPSL GRUDV3DORPD1DYDUHVKDGH¿QLGR\GH¿QHXQDGHODV HQWULLOLPLWLGHOQDXIUDJLRFKHFLSRUWDODYLWD PpWRGR0DUtD=DPEUDQRHQORVOtPLWHVGHOQDXIUDJLR LQ¿RULHLVXRLFXRULIHULWLOHVXHEXJDQYLOOHHIXFVLDHOH SRpWLFDVPiVSHUVRQDOHVHLQWHUHVDQWHVGHOSDLVDMHDU TXHQRVOOHYDODYLGD VXHYLROHGHOSHQVLHURLVXRLWUDPRQWLHOHVXHDOEHHL WtVWLFRHVSDxROGHORV~OWLPRVYHLQWLFLQFRDxRV 3HU TXHVWR PRWLYR SHUFRUUHUH OH VXH VHULH FKH FRV <DVtKHSRGLGRSHUFLELUORVJHVWRVOHYHVHLQIUDOHYHV GHVXVSDODEUDV\DSXQWHVSDODEUDVFDXWLYDVFXQDVGH VXRLRPDJJLVLOHQ]LRVLDWDQWLVFULWWRULHVFULWWULFL WUXLVFRQRTXHVWRJUDQGHDIIUHVFRFRQFHWWXDOHFKHGLD 3RUHOORUHFRUUHUVXVVHULHVTXHFRQVWUX\HQHVHJUDQ ORJDFRQO¶DUFKLWHWWXUDHULWXDOL]]DODQDWXUDVHPSUH IUHVFRFRQFHSWXDOTXHGLDORJDFRQODDUTXLWHFWXUD\UL &RQODVXDRSHUDHGDSRVL]LRQLVHPSUHLQQRYDWULFL SUHVHQWHQHOOHVXHLPPDJLQLHPHWRQLPLHDWWUDYHUVR WXDOL]DDODQDWXUDOH]DVLHPSUHSUHVHQWHHQVXVLPi 3DORPD1DYDUHVKDGH¿QLWRHGH¿QLVFHXQDGHOOHSRHWL O¶DFTXDLIRULJOLDQJROLDUURWRQGDWLODVSLDJJLDLFDPSL JHQHV\PHWRQLPLDVDWUDYpVGHODJXDODVÀRUHVORV FKHSLSHUVRQDOLHLQWHUHVVDQWLGHOSDHVDJJLRDUWLVWLFR RLOPDUHLOYHQWRGHLYHFFKLODFFDWRULURPDQWLFLHGL FDQWRVURGDGRVODSOD\DORVHULDOHVRHOPDUHOYLHQWR VSDJQRORGHJOLXOWLPLYHQWLFLQTXHDQQL VXRL RJJHWWL UHQGH HVSOLFLWR LO SDUDGRVVR GHOO¶HVWHQ GHORVYLHMRVODTXLVWDVURPiQWLFRV\VXVREMHWRVKDFHQ VLRQHGLXQVRJJHWWRFKHSRWUHEEHHVVHUHLOSDVVDQWH H[SOtFLWDODSDUDGRMDGHODH[WHQVLyQGHXQVXMHWRTXH GL)ULHGULFKFKHUDJJLXQJHODGLPHQVLRQHGHOO¶2FHDQR SRGUtDVHUHOSDVHDQWHGH)ULHGULFKDOFDQ]DQGRODGL HQXRYDPHQWHODOXFHORQWDQDFKHULWUDHTXHOWHPSR PHQVLyQGHO2FpDQR\GHQXHYRODOX]GLVWDQWHTXH FRPH IRQGR GHOOD PHPRULD GHL VRJQL GHO SHQVLHUR UHWUDWDDTXHOWLHPSRFRPRIRQGRGHODPHPRULDGHORV HJOREDOPHQWHGHOODYLWDFKHDOLPHQWDLOSUHVHQWHGL VXHxRVGHOSHQVDPLHQWR\HQVXPDGHODYLGDTXHDOL FRQWLQXLSDVVDWLHODHVSOLFDFRQHQHUJLDFRPHDFFDGH PHQWDHOSUHVHQWHGHFRQWLQXRVSDVDGRV\DVtODH[SOLFD in The Waste Land GL(OLRW. FRQHQHUJtDWDOFRPRVXFHGHHQHOThe Waste Land de (OLRW &RQWUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ&RQWURO¶LQWHUSUHWD]LRQH(GL]$OIDJXDUD 0DGULGS 1.&RQWUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ(GLW$OIDJXDUD0DGULGS )RXU(VVD\VRQ%HDXW\4XDWWUR6DJJLVXOOD%HOOH]]D$UW,VVXHV 3UHVV/RV$QJHOHV /DUHODFLyQGHODUWHFRQODQDWXUDOH]D,OUDSSRUWRWUDDUWHHQDWX UD(GL]6DUSH0DGULGS 2)RXU(VVD\VRQ%HDXW\$UW,VVXHV3UHVV/RVÈQJHOHV 3/DUHODFLyQGHODUWHFRQODQDWXUDOH]D(GLW6DUSH0DGULG S Dediche Dedicatorias Danielle DHORXFKH Danielle DHORXFKH &RPPLVVDLUHGHO¶H[SRVLWLRQGH7RXORXVH &RPLVDULDGHODH[SRVLFLyQGH7RXORXVH «La poesia non è un’occupazione né una distrazione». La poesia risolve un’urgenza interiore, è il risultato di una QHFHVVLWj 1HOO¶RUGLQH PHWD¿VLFR VRPLJOLD SL DOOD SUHJKLHUDDOVXLFLGLRDOODULEHOOLRQHFKHDOORVFULWWRVFLHQWL¿FRRDO romanzo. Nel fascino che suscita un verso, esistono –indissolubilmente unite– un’azione sul senso e un’azione sullo spirito…» La poesía no es ni una ocupación, ni una distracción. El poema cumple con una urgencia interior, es el resultado de una necesidad. En el orden metafísico, se asemeja PiVDOUH]RDOVXLFLGLRDODUHEHOLyQTXHDOHVFULWRFLHQWt¿FR o a la novela. En la fascinación que suscita un verso, existen indisociablemente emparejados una acción sobre el sentido y una acción sobre el espíritu… 5$*XWPDQQ 5$*XWPDQQ 4XHVWDVSLHJD]LRQHKDLOYDORUHGLXQDGXSOLFHGHGLFD (VWDH[SRVLFLyQWLHQHHOYDORUGHXQDGREOHGHGLFDWRULD ,QQDQ]LWXWWRGHGLFDDXQDGHOOHJUDQGLVLJQRUHGHOO¶DUWH $QWHWRGRGHGLFDWRULDDXQDGHODVJUDQGHVGDPDVGHO FRQWHPSRUDQHD3DORPD1DYDUHVDUWLVWDVSDJQROD±GL DUWHFRQWHPSRUiQHR3DORPD1DYDUHVDUWLVWDHVSDxROD IDPDLQWHUQD]LRQDOH±SRFRFRQRVFLXWDLQ,WDOLD3HUFLz GHQRWRULHGDGLQWHUQDFLRQDOSRFRFRQRFLGDHQ)UDQFLD ULVXOWDQRLPSRUWDQWLPRVWUHFRPHTXHVWHTXLHRUD 3RUHOORUHVXOWDQLPSRUWDQWHVHVWDVH[SRVLFLRQHVDTXt\ LQGXHSRVWLGLYHUVLFRPHXQSRQWHIUDGXHFXOWXUHH DKRUDHQGRVVLWLRVGLVWLQWRVFRPRXQSXHQWHHQWUHGRV XQFDWDORJRFRPHTXHVWRFKHLQWURGXFHHGLOOXPLQDOD FXOWXUDV\HVWHFDWiORJRELOLQJHIUDQFpVHVSDxROTXH VLQJRODULWjHODSHUWLQHQ]DGHOOHIRUPHHGHOOHLQWHQ]LRQL YLHQHDVDOXGDU\DLOXPLQDUODVLQJXODULGDG\ODSHUWLQHQ GLXQSXQWRGLYLVWDDUWLVWLFR« FLDGHODVIRUPDVHLQWHQFLRQHVGHXQHQIRTXHDUWtVWLFR« 'HGLFD SRL TXHOOD GL 3DORPD 1DYDUHV D URPDQ]LHUL 'HGLFDWRULDSRU~OWLPRODGH3DORPD1DYDUHVDQRYH SRHWL H SHQVDWRUL VFRPSDUVL FKH KDQQR WUDVIRUPDWR OLVWDVSRHWDV\SHQVDGRUHVGHVDSDUHFLGRVTXHWUDQV ODSURSULDDUWHQHOO¶XOWLPREDOXDUGRFRQWURLOYXRWRHLO IRUPDURQVXDUWHHQHO~OWLPREDOXDUWHFRQWUDHOYDFtR VXLFLGLR \HOVXLFLGLR &RQ 'HOO¶$QLPD )HULWD SURSRVWD HODERUDWD D PHWj Con Del alma heridaSURSXHVWDHODERUDGDHQODHQFUXFL VWUDGDWUDDUWHHOHWWHUDWXUDO¶DXWULFHULDYYLDXQGLD MDGDGHODUWH\GHODOLWHUDWXUDODDXWRUDYXHOYHDHQWD ORJRHULVWDELOLVFHXQDFRUULVSRQGHQ]DYDOHDGLUHQHVVL EODUXQGLiORJR\UHVWDEOHFHXQDFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDRVHD HVRPLJOLDQ]HWUDFRUSLVHSDUDWLFKHGLIDWWRODSUD YtQFXORV\VHPHMDQ]DVHQWUHFXHUSRVVHSDUDGRVTXHGH Corazón de fuego. $&DUROLQHYRQ*XQGHURGH WLFDGHOO¶DUWHFRQWHPSRUDQHDKDPHVVRGDSDUWH/D KHFKRODVSUiFWLFDVGHODUWHFRQWHPSRUiQHRLQWHUUXP 3$[FP)RWRJUDItDGXUDFOHDUPHWDFULODWRVLOLFRQDOX]OODPD GLVVDFUD]LRQHGHOO¶RSHUDHGHOO¶DXWRUHODGLVWDQ]DGHOOD SLHURQ\PDUJLQDURQ/DGHVDFUDOL]DFLyQGHODREUD\GHO 20 21 SLWWXUDLOGXEELRODQFLDWRVXOODVRJJHWWLYLWjHVXOO¶LP DXWRUODGLVWDQFLDGHODSLQWXUDODGXGDDUURMDGDVREUH /¶DXWULFHKDYROXWRULXQLUHLQTXHVWRLQVLHPHGLRSHUHUHD /DDXWRUDKDTXHULGRUHXQLUHVWHFRQMXQWRGHSLH]DVUHDOL PDJLQD]LRQHODPLQDFFLDGHOUHDOHKDQQRJHWWDWRQHO ODVXEMHWLYLGDG\ODLPDJLQDFLyQODFRQPLQDFLyQGHOR OL]]DWHWUDLOHLOODYRULFKHXWLOL]]DQRHVRYUDS ]DGDVHQWUH\SLH]DVTXHXWLOL]DQ\VXSHUSRQHQ GLPHQWLFDWRLRODSVLFKHGHOODOHWWHUDWXUDSHUVRVWLWXLUOD UHDOUHOHJDURQDODPD]PRUUDGHOROYLGRODSVLTXHGHOD SRQJRQRDYROWHODVFXOWXUDODIRWRJUD¿DLOPRQWDJJLR DYHFHVODHVFXOWXUDODIRWRJUDItDHOPRQWDMHHOREMHWR FRQODFDVVHWWDGHJOLDWWUH]]LHORVFDOSHOORGHOODVRFLR OLWHUDWXUDSDUDVXVWLWXLUSRUHOFDMyQGHKHUUDPLHQWDV\ O¶RJJHWWRLOYLGHRHKDYROXWRIDUHFRQHVVLXQPHPHQWR HOYtGHR\KDFHUFRQHOODVXQ memento moriXQKRPH ORJLDHGHOOHVFLHQ]HHVDWWH HOHVFDOSHORGHODVRFLRORJtD\GHODVFLHQFLDVH[DFWDV PRULXQRPDJJLRSRVWXPRDOOH©$QLPHIHULWHª4XHVWR QDMHSyVWXPRDel alma herida(VWHWtWXORLQGLFDKDVWD WLWRORLQGLFD¿QRDFKHSXQWRFRQWDOHWHQWDWLYRQRQVL TXpSXQWRFRQHVWHLQWHQWRQRVHWUDWDGHXQDDSURSLDFLyQ 6HFRQLOFUROORGHOOHLGHRORJLHGHOSURJUHVVRVLQRWDQR 6LFRQODGHVLOXVLyQGHODVLGHRORJtDVGHOSURJUHVRVH WUDWWLGLXQ¶RSHUD]LRQHFULWLFDEHQVuSRHWLFD,QGLFDLQROWUH FUtWLFDVLQRSRpWLFD4XHQRVHWUDWDGHFRPSUHQGHUHQHO LQ TXHVWR PRPHQWR L VHJQL FKH ULYHODQR XQ FDPELD QRWDQHQHOPRPHQWRSUHVHQWHORVVLJQRVUHYHODGRUHV FKHQRQYDLQWHVDLQVHQVROHWWHUDOHODSDURODPDVLWUDWWD VHQWLGR¿ORVy¿FRHKLVWyULFRGHODSDODEUDVLQRGHKDFHU PHQWRGLWHQGHQ]DSHUVLQRGLVWDWRPHQWDOHLOSUR GHXQFDPELRGHWHQGHQFLDLQFOXVRGHHVWDGRPHQWDO GLIDUSURSULHHGLLQWHULRUL]]DUHTXHVWHOLQJXHGHOGRORUH VX\DVHLQWHULRUL]DUHVWDVOHQJXDVGHOGXHORHVWDVJULHWDV JHWWRGL3DORPD1DYDUHVFRQWLQXDDGHVVHUHDWLSLFR HOSUR\HFWRGH3DORPD1DYDUHVVLJXHVLHQGRDWtSLFR TXHVWHFUHSHLQWLPHDOORVWHVVRWHPSRXQLYHUVDOLHLUUL tQWLPDVDODYH]XQLYHUVDOHVHLUUHGXFWLEOHPHQWHSHUVRQD FUHDWLYRVRYYHUVLYRHVLSRVL]LRQDGHOLEHUDWDPHQWHLQ LQYHQWLYR VXEYHUVLYR \ VH VLW~D GHOLEHUDGDPHQWH \ GXFLELOPHQWHSHUVRQDOLDO¿QHGLUHJLVWUDUOHQHLIUDPPHQWL OHVFRQHO¿QGHJUDEDUODVHQORVIUDJPHQWRVGHORYLVLEOH XQFHUWRTXDOPRGRLQFRQWURWHPSRFRQWURFRUUHQWH/D GHFLHUWDPDQHUDDFRQWUDWLHPSRDFRQWUDFRUULHQWH GHOYLVLELOHGLWUDVIRUPDUOHLQUHWDJJLGHOPRQGRYLVLELOH GHWUDQVIRUPDUODVHQUHWD]RVGHOPXQGRYLVLEOH VXDULFHUFDGDWRFKHVLqQXWULWDHFRQWLQXDDQXWULUVL 6XH[SORUDFLyQSRUTXHVHKDQXWULGR\VHVLJXHQX GHOODFRPSDJQLDGHLOLEULHGHOO¶DPLFL]LDGLFHUWLDXWRULq WULHQGRGHODFRPSDxtDGHORVOLEURV\GHOFRPSDxH 4XHVWH GHGLFKH H RSHUH DXWRJUDIH ELGLPHQVLRQDOL R (VWDVREUDVGHGLFDWRULDV\DXWyJUDIDVELGLPHQVLRQDOHV ±DOWHPSRVWHVVR±XQULWRUQRXQDGLVFHVDHXQDVDOLWD ULVPRFRQFLHUWRVDXWRUHVHVDODYH]XQDYXHOWDKDFLD WULGLPHQVLRQDOLGLQDWXUDDPELJXDHWHURJHQHDXQD RFRQYROXPHQGHFRQGLFLyQDPELJXDKHWHURJpQHD XQDULFHUFDGHOVHQVRHGHOO¶RULJLQHFKHDVVRPLJOLDQRDG XQDEDMDGD\XQDVXELGDXQDE~VTXHGDGHOVHQWLGR\ VRUWDGLSDOLQVHVWLGLH[YRWRGLUHOLTXLDULFULVWDOOL] HVSHFLHVGHSDOLPSVHVWRVGHH[YRWRVGHUHOLFDULRV XQ¶LQWURVSH]LRQHHDGXQ¶DQDPQHVL3URXVWLQ$OODUL GHORULJHQTXHVHDVHPHMDQDXQDLQWURVSHFFLyQ\XQD ]DQRHLUUDGLDQRQHOODORURVWHVVDIRUPDO¶DIIDVFLQDQWH FULVWDOL]DQHLUUDGLDQHQVXIRUPDPLVPDODIDVFLQDQWH FHUFDGHOWHPSRSHUGXWRRVVHUYDFKH©OHRSHUHFRPH DQDPQHVLV3URXVWHQEl tiempo recobradoREVHUYDTXH VWUDQH]]DGHOOHVFULWWXUHIUDPPHQWDWHGDOO¶LQGLFLELOHFKH H[WUDxH]DGHODVHVFULWXUDVIUDJPHQWDGDVSRUORLQGHFL LSR]]LDUWHVLDQLVDOJRQRWDQWRSLLQDOWRTXDQWRSL ©ODVREUDVFRPRORVSR]RVDUWHVDQRVVXEHQWDQWRPiV LPSOLFDQRVRYUDSSRQJRQRDOWHUDQRRUDFFKLXGRQR EOHTXHFRQOOHYDQVXSHUSRQHQDOWHUDQRHQFLHUUDQ SURIRQGRqLOVROFRGHOODVRIIHUHQ]DGHOFXRUHª DOWRFXDQWRPiVSURIXQGRHVHOVXUFRGHMDGRSRUHOVX /DFUHD]LRQHOHWWHUDULDHODFUHD]LRQHSODVWLFDLQYHFHGL /D FUHDFLyQ OLWHUDULD \ OD FUHDFLyQ SOiVWLFD OHMRV GH IULPLHQWRHQHOFRUD]yQª VFRQWUDUVLHQWUDQRLQVLQWRQLDLQVLPELRVL6LIRQGRQR HQIUHQWDUVHHQWUDQHQVLQWRQtDHQVLPELRVLV)XVLR VRQRODUDGLFHVWHVVDGHOO¶DWWLYLWjSODVWLFD©$EELDPR /DOHFWXUDVXLPSUHJQDFLyQVXLQFRUSRUDFLyQVRQOD DPDOJDPDWHLQXQQXRYRRJJHWWRPHWRQLPLFRHVLP QDQDPDOJDPDGDVHQXQQXHYRREMHWRPHWRQtPLFR\ ELVRJQRGLOLEULFKHDJLVFDQRVXGLQRLFRPHXQDVRUWD UDt]PLVPDGHODDFWLYLGDGSOiVWLFD©(VWDPRVQHFHVLWD EROLFRHODERUDWRQHLOLPLWLGHOWHVWRHGHOO¶LPPDJLQH VLPEyOLFRHODERUDGRHQORVOLQGHURVGHOWH[WR\GHOD GLGLVJUD]LDFKHFLIDFFLDVRIIULUHPROWRFRPHODPRUWH GRVGHOLEURVTXHDFW~HQVREUHQRVRWURVFRPRXQDGHV GHOODVFULWWXUDHGHOGLVHJQRHODERUDWRVXOODWHQVLRQH LPDJHQGHODHVFULWXUD\GHOGLEXMRHODERUDGRVREUH GLXQHVVHUHFKHDPLDPRSLGHOODQRVWUDVWHVVDYLWD JUDFLDTXHQRVKLFLHVHVXIULUPXFKRFRPRODPXHUWHGH GHOODSLHQH]]DHGHOYXRWRGHOO¶RSDFRHGHOWUDVSDUHQWH ODWHQVLyQGHOROOHQR\GHORYDFtRGHORRSDFR\GHOR FRPHVHIRVVLPRVFDFFLDWLFRPHVHIRVVLPRREEOLJDWLD XQVHUTXHTXLVLpUDPRVPiVTXHQXHVWUDSURSLDYLGD 4XHVWRQXRYRRJJHWWRFDUDWWHUL]]DXQDRYDULHHVSUHV WUDQVSDUHQWH(VWHQXHYRREMHWRFDUDFWHUL]DXQDRYD YLYHUHQHLERVFKLORQWDQRGDWXWWLJOLDOWULXRPLQLFRPH FRPRVLIXpUDPRVSURVFULWRVFRPRFRQGHQDGRVDYLYLU VLRQLGHOODPDOLQFRQLDVRPDWL]]DORVWDWRGHOO¶DQLPRLO ULDVH[SUHVLRQHVGHODPHODQFROtDVRPDWL]DHOHVWDGR XQVXLFLGLR±XQOLEURGHYHHVVHUHO¶DVFLDFKHURPSHXQ HQERVTXHVOHMRVGHWRGRVORVGHPiVKRPEUHVFRPR FOLPDPHQWDOHGLXQDVIXJJHQWHVRJJHWWLYLWjVPHP GHiQLPRHOFOLPDPHQWDOGHXQDVXEMHWLYLGDGKXLGL]D JHOLGRPDUHLQWHULRUHªÊTXHVWRLOSRWHUHGLULSHUFXV XQVXLFLGLR²XQOLEURWLHQHTXHVHUHOKDFKDTXHURPSD EUDWDHSOXUDOHGLXQDVRJJHWWLYLWjRVVHVVLRQDWDGDOOD GHVPHPEUDGD\SOXUDOGHXQDVXEMHWLYLGDGREVHVLR VLRQHFKHLQFDQDODSHUWDQWRTXHVWRODYRURGLPHPRULD XQPDULQWHULRUKHODGR²ª(VHVWHSRGHUGHUHSHUFX SHUGLWDHGDOULFKLDPRGHOQXOOD,QTXHVWRPRGRO¶DU QDGDSRUODSpUGLGD\ODOODPDGDGHODQDGD'HHVWH QHOODPHPRULDTXHVWRODYRURGLULFHUFDGLVHVWHVVR VLyQTXHHQFDX]DSRUORWDQWRHVWHWUDEDMRGHPHPR WLVWDGjDGLWRHGjFRUSRHYLVLELOLWjDVFULWWXUHHDLQGL PRGRODDUWLVWDGDDYHU\GDVXVWDQFLD\YLVLELOLGDGD HGHOO¶DOWURTXHVWRUDFFRJOLPHQWRFRPHPHGLWD]LRQHR ULDVREUHODPHPRULDHVWHWUDEDMRGHE~VTXHGDGHVt YLGXDOLWjLQVHULWHLQXQDFRHUHQ]DWUDJLFDSUHGDGLXQ HVFULWXUDVHLQGLYLGXDOLGDGHVLQVWDODGDVHQXQDFRKH UDFFROWDGLWUDFFHGLVHJQLGLSDUROHFRQVXQWHGHIXQWH PLVPR\GHORWURHVWHUHFRJLPLHQWRDPRGRGHXQD VHQVRGLLQDGHJXDWH]]DFRQVHVWHVVHHFRQLOPRQGR UHQFLDWUiJLFDDWUDSDGDVHQXQVHQWLPLHQWRGHLQDGH PDFKHVRSUDYYLYRQR5LWURYDUHODOHWWHUDSHUGXWDR PHGLWDFLyQ\UHFROHFFLyQGHKXHOODVGHVLJQRVGHSD LO VHJQR FDQFHOODWRª LPSORUD 1HUYDO LQ $XUpOLD PHQ ODEUDVURWDVGLIXQWDVSHURTXHVREUHYLYHQ©9ROYHUD /DPDOLQFRQLDHODVXDYHUVLRQHPRGHUQDODGHSUHV WUH.DINDDQFRUDXQDYROWDVRWWROLQHDQHOVXR'LDULR HQFRQWUDUODOHWUDSHUGLGDRHOVLJQRERUUDGRªLPSORUD VLRQHULHPSLRQRHXQLVFRQRLOSDHVDJJLRLQWHULRUHGHJOL /DPHODQFROtD\VXYHUWLHQWHPRGHUQDODGHSUHVLyQ TXDQWRVLDLPSUHVFLQGLELOHFKH©ORVFULWWRUHYHGDTXDO 1HUYDOHQAuréliaPLHQWUDVTXH.DINDXQDYH]PiV VFULWWRULGHOSDQWKHRQGL'HOO¶DQLPDIHULWD3DXO&HODQ OOHQDQ\XQHQHOSDLVDMHLQWHULRUGHORVHVFULWRUHVGHO FRV¶DOWURHSLGHJOLDOWULFKHqPRUWRDQFKHLQYLWDH VXEUD\DHQVXDiarioFXiQLPSUHVFLQGLEOHHVTXH©HO $QD&ULVWLQD&HVDU)ORUEHWD(VSDQFD.DUROLQHYRQ*XQ SDQWHyQDel alma herida3DXO&HODQ$QD&ULVWLQD&p FKHqHVVHQ]LDOPHQWHFROXLFKHVRSUDYYLYHªRWWREUH HVFULWRUYHDRWUDFRVD\PiVTXHORVGHPiVTXHHVWi GHURGH)UDQ].DIND6DUD.RIPDQ&HVDUH3DYHVH$OH VDU)ORUEHOD(VSDQFD.DUROLQHYRQ*XQGHURGH)UDQ] PXHUWRLQFOXVRHQYLGD\TXHHVHVHQFLDOPHQWHHOTXH MDQGUD3L]DUQLN6\OYLD3ODWK$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL9LUJLQLD .DIND6DUD.RIPDQ&HVDUH3DYHVH$OHMDQGUD3L]DU VREUHYLYHªGHRFWXEUHGH :RROI« QLN6\OYLD3ODWK$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL9LUJLQLD:RROI« /DOHWWXUDODVXDFRPSUHQVLRQHODVXDDVVLPLOD]LRQH 22 FXDFLyQFRQVLJRPLVPD\FRQHOPXQGR El viento me había comido parte de la cara y de las manos. Me llamaban Ángel Harapiento. Yo esperaba. )UDJPHQWRGHOSRHPD Comunicaciones El viento. $$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN GH$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN [FP)UDJPHQWRGHODREUDEvaGH'XUHUR)RWRFRSLDREMHWRGRPpVWLFRGHSOiVWLFR 25 4XHVWDPDOLQFRQLDTXHVWRPDOHWDQWRIHFRQGRTXDQWR (VWDPHODQFROtDHVWHPDOWDQIHFXQGRFRPRSHOLJURVR DOOHRSHUHSUHFHGHQWHPHQWHPHQ]LRQDWH7DOLRJJHWWL HQFXHQWURFRQODLGHQWLGDGIHPHQLQDHOHQLJPDGHOD SHULFRORVRqFLzFKHGH¿QLVFHO¶DWPRVIHUDGHOOHRSHUH HVHOTXHGH¿QHODDWPyVIHUDGHODVREUDVGHODDUWLVWD GRPHVWLFLFLFRQGXFRQRDOO¶LQFRQWURFRQO¶LGHQWLWjIHP PXMHU FRPHQWDGR SRU 6DUD .RIPDQ \ QRV SRQHQ HQ GHOO¶DUWLVWDHYLHQHDQFKHQRPLQDWDHGHVLJQDWD0H \WDPELpQHVWiQRPEUDGD\GHVLJQDGDMelancolíaHV PLQLOH O¶HQLJPD GHOOD GRQQD FRPPHQWDWR GD 6DUD SUHVHQFLDGH¿JXUDVPRGHUQDVLUUHGHQWDV\WUiJLFDV ODQFRQLDqXQVHPSOLFHÀDFRQHVIHULFRGLFULVWDOORWUDV XQVHQFLOORIUDVFRHVIpULFRGHFULVWDOWUDQVSDUHQWHTXH .RIPDQHFLPHWWRQRLQSUHVHQ]DGL¿JXUHPRGHUQH GH OD SRHVtD FRQIHVLRQDO \ GH OD OLWHUDWXUD GH LQWURV SDUHQWHFKHFRQWLHQHLOSRHPDGL$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN FRQWLHQHHOSRHPDGH$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLNLa JaulaWUDV LUUHGHQWHHWUDJLFKHGHOODSRHVLDFRQIHVVLRQDOHHGHOOD SHFFLyQ(OVDOHUR\HOSLPHQWHURGHEl BesoFRQWLHQHQ /D-DXODWUDVFULWWDVXFHOORIDQ&RQTXHVWRRJJHWWRGD FULWRVREUHSDSHOFHORIiQ&RQHVWHREMHWRGHWRFDGRU OHWWHUDWXUDGLLQWURVSH]LRQH/DVDOLHUDHODSHSDLROD UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHXQSRHPDGH$QQH6H[WRQ\GH6\OYLD WRLOHWWH 3DORPD 1DYDUHV ULVSHFFKLD ±DWWUDYHUVR XQ 3DORPD1DYDUHVUHÀHMDPHGLDQWHXQready madePiV GL (O %HVR FRQWHQJRQR ULVSHWWLYDPHQWH XQD SRHVLD 3ODWK$PEDVPXMHUHVDPHULFDQDVDWRUPHQWDGDVSRUOD UHDG\PDGHSLHODERUDWR±ODGLPHQVLRQHFRUSRUHDH HODERUDGRODGLPHQVLyQFRUSyUHD\IHPHQLQDGHOVRO GL $QQH 6H[WRQ H XQD GL 6\OYLD 3ODWK (QWUDPEH OH GHSUHVLyQFDVDGDV\PDGUHVGHGRVKLMRVIUHFXHQWD IHPPLQLOHGHOVROHQHURGHOO¶DVWUR6DWXUQR$QFRUDGL QHJURGHODVWURGH6DWXUQR0iVD~QVLQWHWL]DGHHVWH GRQQHDPHULFDQHWRUPHQWDWHGDOODGHSUHVVLRQHVSR URQHOPLVPRWDOOHUGHSRHVtD3ULVLRQHUDVGHVXUHODFLyQ SLVLQWHWL]]DLQTXHVWRPRGRODPDQLHUDSRHWLFDGL PRGRODPDWHULDSRpWLFDGH$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLNPH]FOD VDWHHPDGULGLGXH¿JOLKDQQRIUHTXHQWDWRORVWHVVR VLPELyWLFDFRQODPDGUHDWHQD]DGDVSRUHVD$PpULFD $OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLNPLVWDGLDEEDQGRQRGLVROLWXGLQHH GHGHVDPSDURGHVROHGDG\GHODLPSRVLELOLGDGGHYL JUXSSRGLSRHVLD3ULJLRQLHUHGHOODORURUHOD]LRQHVLP del baby boomFRQVHUYDGRUD\SXULWDQDVHUHEHODURQ GHOO¶LPSRVVLELOLWjGLYLYHUH©LOFHQWURFULVWDOOLQRHSXUR YLU©HOFHQWURFULVWDOLQR\SXUR²LQYLVLEOH\OXPLQRVR ELRWLFDFRQODPDGUHDWWDQDJOLDWHGDTXHVW¶$PHULFD VHDWUHYLHURQDFRQFLOLDUFUHDFLyQ\SURFUHDFLyQRVD ±WXWWDYLDLQYLVLELOHHOXPLQRVRªGHOOHVXHSRHVLH$Q VLQHPEDUJR²ªGHVXVSRHPDV$QJHOD3DROL/DFDMLWD GHOEDE\ERRPFRQVHUYDWULFHHSXULWDQDVLVRQRUL URQH[SUHVDU\KDFHURtUODPXOWLSOLFLGDGFRQWUDGLFWRULD JHOD3DROL/DVFDWROHWWDFKLXVDULPDQGD±DOWHPSR FHUUDGDUHPLWHDODYH]DODUHFOXVLyQYROXQWDULDGHOD EHOODWHKDQQRDYXWRO¶DXGDFLDGLFRQFLOLDUHFUHD]LRQH GHVX©\RªHVFULELHQGR\GHVHDQGREl Beso funciona VWHVVR±DOODUHFOXVLRQHYRORQWDULDGHOODSRHWHVVDDO SRHWLVDDVXVXLFLGLRSRULQJHVWLyQGHEDUELW~ULFRV\ HSURFUHD]LRQHKDQQRRVDWRHVSULPHUHHIDUVHQWLUH FRQHVWDHVWUXFWXUDJHPHODHVWHHPSDUHMDPLHQWRGH VXRVXLFLGLRGRYXWRDOO¶DVVXQ]LRQHGLEDUELWXULFLHDO DO WtWXOR GHO SRHPDLa Jaula ¢OD MDXOD R OD SULVLyQ" ODPROWHSOLFLWjFRQWUDGGLWWRULDGHOORUR©LRªVFULYHQGR GHVWLQR\GHHVFULWXUDTXHVHIUDJXyHQHOODERUDWRULR WLWRORGHOODSRHVLD/D-DXODODJDEELDRODSULJLRQH" ©)XHUD KDFH VRO \ \R PH KH YLVWR KHFKD FHQL]DVª H VRJQDQGR (O %HVR IXQ]LRQD FRQ TXHVWD VWUXWWXUD HOiPELWRFHUUDGRGHOGLDULRHVSHMRGHVXFRPEDWHGH ©)XRULF¶qLOVROHHLRPLVRQRYLVWDLQFHQHUHª3D 3DORPD1DYDUHVFUHDDVtXQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQPRGpOLFD JHPHOODUHFRQTXHVWRDFFRSSLDPHQWRGLGHVWLQRHGL VXUHEHOLyQ\JUDFLDVDOFXDOLQWHQWDURQHVFDSDUGHOD ORPD 1DYDUHV FUHD FRVu XQD UDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHPR GHODPHODQFROtDDOURPSHUFRQWRGRHOVLVWHPDLFyQLFR VFULWWXUDFKHqVWDWRIRUJLDWRLQODERUDWRULRQHOO¶DP PLUDGDSHWUL¿FDQWHGHOD0HGXVD©,DPDODPHLQWKH GHOORGHOODPDOLQFRQLDQHOURPSHUHFRQWXWWRLOVLVWHPD FRQOOHYDGRSRUHVDDIHFFLyQGHODOPD\GHOFXHUSR/R ELWRFKLXVRGHOTXRWLGLDQRVSHFFKLRGHOODVXDORWWD PHPRU\«DIUDJPHQWDU\JLUOª6\OYLD3ODWK LFRQLFRLPSOLFDWRGDTXHVWDPDODWWLDGHOO¶DQLPDHGHO TXHHVWiHQMXHJRFRQHVWHWUDEDMRVHPLGHSRUODFD GHOODVXDULEHOOLRQHHJUD]LHDOTXDOHKDQQRFHUFDWRGL FRUSR &Lz FKH VL PHWWH LQ JLRFR FRQ TXHVWR ODYRUR SDFLGDGGHODDUWLVWDGHKDOODURLQYHQWDUXQDIRUPD VIXJJLUHDOORVJXDUGRSLHWUL¿FDQWHGL0HGXVD©,DPD &RQHVWDVGHGLFDWRULDVLQGLYLGXDOHV\FROHFWLYDVTXHVH YLHQHPLVXUDWRGDOODFDSDFLWjGHOO¶DUWLVWDGLWURYDUHR FRQFHELUQXHYDVSRVLELOLGDGHVFRPELQDWRULDVSDUDTXH ODPHLQWKHPHPRU\«DIUDJPHQWDU\JLUOª6\OYLD HPSDUHQWDQWDPELpQFRQHOUHWUDWRSRUORTXHVXSR LQYHQWDUHXQDIRUPDGLFRQFHSLUHQXRYHSRVVLELOLWj ODREUDHQWUHHQOD]RQDGHWXUEXOHQFLDVGHSUHVLRQD 3ODWK QHQGHGLVWDQFLDHLGHQWL¿FDFLyQFRPRDOHMDPLHQWR\ FRPELQDWRULHDI¿QFKpO¶RSHUDHQWULQHOO¶DUHDGHOOHWXU ULDV\HOORVLQGHMDUGHPDQWHQHUODDOHMDGDGHOpathos EROHQ]HGHSUHVVLRQDULHHFLzVHQ]DDOORQWDQDUODGDO \GHODIDVFLQDFLyQFRPSODFLHQWHSRUHOOHQJXDMHGHODV &RQTXHVWHGHGLFKHLQGLYLGXDOLHFROOHWWLYHFKHVLOHJDQR HQVXVSLH]DVHVWRGDODFXHVWLyQGHODUWHGHVXRUL SDWKRVHGDOIDVFLQRFRPSLDFHQWHGHOOLQJXDJJLRGHOOH WLQLHEODV /RV PDWHULDOHV GH OD WUDQVSDUHQFLD YLGULR DQFKHDOULWUDWWRSHUTXDQWRFRPSRUWDQRGLGLVWDQ]DH JHQGHVXQHFHVLGDGLQFOXVRODFXHVWLyQGHODYLGD\ WHQHEUH,PDWHULDOLGHOOHWUDVSDUHQ]D±YHWURSOH[L SOH[LJOiVUHVLQDFRQORVTXHHODERUDODPD\RUtDGHVXV G¶LGHQWL¿FD]LRQHFRPHDOORQWDQDPHQWRHSURVVLPLWj GHODFUHDFLyQFRPRLPSUREDEOHE~VTXHGDGHVtPLVPD JODVUHVLQD±FRQLTXDOLHODERUDODPDJJLRUSDUWHGHL SLH]DVDVXPHQHOUROSRUXQDSDUWHGHLQVWDXUDUHO FLzFKHVWDELOLVFHO¶DXWULFHHFLzFKHLQFRUSRUDQHOOHVXH FRPRMXHJRFRQODPXHUWHMXHJRHVSHFXODUHQWUHHO VXRLODYRULVLIDQQRFDULFRGDXQDSDUWHGHOFRPSLWR YDFtRHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHFLUFXQVFULELUHOREMHWR RSHUHqWXWWDODTXHVWLRQHGHOO¶DUWHGHOODVXDRULJLQH \R\HOPXQGRORLQWHULRU\ORH[WHULRUODYLYHQFLD\OR GLLQVWDXUDUHLOYXRWRQHOODUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHGLFLU DXVHQWHGHOGHVHR\SRURWUDSDUWHGHHVWUXFWXUDUHVWD GHOODVXDQHFHVVLWjSHUVLQRODTXHVWLRQHGHOODYLWDH LPDJLQDGRHOVXHxR\ODUHDOLGDG FRVFULYHUHO¶RJJHWWRDVVHQWHGHOGHVLGHULRHGDOO¶DO WHQVLyQGHSUHVLYDHQWUHODQDGD\HOWRGRODLQWHULRUL GHOODFUHD]LRQHFRPHULFHUFDLPSUREDELOHGLVHVWHVVD WUDGLVWUXWWXUDUHTXHVWDWHQVLRQHGHSUHVVLYDWUDLO ]DFLyQGHORH[WHULRU\ODH[WHULRUL]DFLyQGHORLQWHULRU FRPHJLRFRFRQODPRUWHJLRFRVSHFXODUHWUDO¶LRHLO /DVSLH]DVDel alma heridaUHSDUDQWDQWRFRPRVHxDODQ QXOODHODWRWDOLWjO¶LQWHULRUL]]D]LRQHGHOO¶HVWHULRUHH $VHPHMDQ]DGHODREUDGHVWLQDGDD$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN PRQGRO¶LQWHULRUHHO¶HVWHULRUHLOYLVVXWRHO¶LPPDJLQD ORLUUHSDUDEOH6HVLW~DQDOXVLYDVHQORVOLQGHURVGHOR O¶HVWHULRUL]]D]LRQHGHOO¶LQWHULRUH$QDORJDPHQWHO¶RSHUD ODFDEH]DHQYLGULRFRQXQDGHGLFDWRULDD6\OYLD3ODWK ULRLOVRJQRHODUHDOWj HVWpWLFR\GHOSVLFRDQiOLVLV6HSDUHFHQDODSRHVtDGH GHVWLQDWDDG$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLNODWHVWDLQYHWURFRQ KDFHSDWHQWHHVWDXWLOL]DFLyQGHOYLGULRFRPRRSHUDGRU XQD GHGLFD D 6\OYLD 3ODWK UHQGH HYLGHQWH TXHVW¶XVR GHPHWiIRUDV\GHFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDVFRPRPDWHULDOGH ,ODYRULGL'HOO¶$QLPD)HULWDULSDUDQRFRVuFRPHDGGL SHVDGRGHWDIHWiQª$UPDQGR)UHLWDV)LOKRODGH$OH GHOYHWURFRPHRSHUDWRUHGLPHWDIRUHHGLFRUULVSRQ ORDPELYDOHQWHGHODGXDOLGDGFRPRKHUUDPLHQWDYLVXDO WDQRO¶LUUHSDUDELOH6LWURYDQRDOOXVLYLDLOLPLWLGHOO¶HV MDQGUD3L]DUQLNHVFULELHQGRHQ,QYRFDFLRQHV©LQVWDXUD GHQ]HFRPHPDWHULDOHGLFLzFKHqDPELYDOHQWHGHOOD HLQVWUXPHQWRGHYLVLyQ0HGLDQWHGLVWLQWDVUHVRQDQ WHWLFDHGHOODSVLFDQDOLVL6RPLJOLDQRDOODSRHVLDGL$QD XQHVSDFLR«HQWUHHO\R\HOHVSHMRª\YLHQGRODV GXDOLWjFRPHXWHQVLOHYLVXDOHHVWUXPHQWRGLYLVLRQH FLDVLa CopaGHFULVWDOFRQGHGLFDWRULDD$QD&ULVWLQD &ULVWLQD&pVDU©XQPLVWRGLYHWURGLPHWDOORSHVDQWH ÀRUHVTXHVHPDUFKLWDQHQWUHVXVPDQRVODGH(PLO\ $WWUDYHUVR ULVRQDQ]H GLYHUVH /D &RSD GL YHWUR FRQ &pVDU\El BesoHQWURQFDQFRQODVSLH]DVDQWHULRUPHQWH GLWDIIHWWjª$UPDQGR)UHLWDV)LOKRDTXHOODGL$OH 'LFNLQVRQTXHGHVFULEHFRQODSDODEUDblankHOKLDWR GHGLFD D $QD &ULVWLQD &pVDU H (O %HVR VL FROOHJDQR PHQFLRQDGDV'LFKRVREMHWRVGRPpVWLFRVQRVOOHYDQDO MDQGUD3L]DUQLNFKHVFULYHLQ,QYRFDFLRQHV©LQVWDXUD \ODGHVJDUUDGXUDHOHVSDFLRYDFtRLPSRVLEOHGHFRO SUR[LPLGDGORTXHSODQWHDODDXWRUD\ORTXHLQFRUSRUD $QQD&ULVWLQD&pVDU©XQDPH]FODGHFULVWDOGHPHWDO XQRVSD]LR«WUDO¶LRHORVSHFFKLRªHFKHYHGHL¿RUL PDUDODLPDJHQSRU¿QGHODOLWHUDWXUDGHOGHVHR stefan zweig FKHDSSDVVLVFRQRQHOOHVXHPDQLDTXHOODGL(PLO\'LF \GHODPXHUWHGH9LUJLQLD:RROIFDSWDUORVÀXMRVGH NLQVRQ FKH GHVFULYH FRQ OD SDUROD EODQN OR LDWR H OR FRQFLHQFLDORV©PRPHQWRVGHYLVLyQª©YHUVHDUURMDGD albert camus VWUDSSRRVSD]LRYXRWRLPSRVVLELOHGDFROPDUHDOO¶LP DODJXDEDODQFHDGDSRUODVRODVOOHYDGDDTXt\DOOt PDJLQH±LQ¿QH±GHOODOHWWHUDWXUDGHOGHVLGHULRHGHOOD DUUDVWUDGDKDVWDODVUDtFHVGHOPXQGRªORVEROVLOORV PRUWHGL9LUJLQLD:RROIFDSWDUHLÀXVVLGLFRVFLHQ]D OOHQRVGHSLHGUDV« L©PRPHQWLGLYLVLRQHª©YHGHUVLJHWWDWDLQDFTXDLQ EDOLDGHOOHRQGHSRUWDWDTXDHOjWUDVFLQDWD¿QRDOOH 9LWUL¿FDFLyQPLQHUDOL]DFLyQGLVROXFLyQ«/RVLPDJLQDULRV UDGLFLGHOPRQGRªOHWDVFKHSLHQHGLSLHWUH« PHODQFyOLFRVQRVFRQGXFHQDORVFRQ¿QHVGHODSHUVR QDOLGDGGHORVRFLDO3HURFXDQGRORJUDQWUDQVIRUPDUOD &ULVWDOOL]]D]LRQHPLQHUDOL]]D]LRQHGLVVROX]LRQH«*OL LPSRVLELOLGDGGHOYLYLUHQSRVLELOLGDGGHOGHFLUFXDQGR LPPDJLQDUL PDOLQFRQLFL FL FRQGXFRQR DL FRQ¿QL GHOOD ORJUDQ HQFRQWUDU VX OHQJXDMH ©QRV UHYHODQ QXHVWURV SHUVRQDOLWjGHOVRFLDOH0DTXDQGRULHVFRQRDWUDV SURSLRVDELVPRVª IRUPDUHO¶LPSRVVLELOLWjGLYLYHUHLQSRVVLELOLWjGHOGLUH TXDQGRULHVFRQRDWURYDUHLOSURSULROLQJXDJJLR©FLUL +R\\DQRHVWDQWRHOVH[RHOTXHSHUWXUEDRDWHPRUL]D YHODQRLQRVWULDELVVLª VLQRHOGRORUSHUPDQHQWHODPXHUWHHOFDGiYHUSRUYH edgar allan poe kostas karyotakis walter benjamin horacio quiroga franz kafka cesare pavese charles baudelaire QLUTXHVRPRV¢4XLpQTXLHUHPLUDUORVFDUDDFDUD" TXDQWRSLXWWRVWRLOGRORUHSHUPDQHQWHODPRUWHLOFDGD ©/D PHODQFROtD HV HO VHFUHWR TXL]i OR VDJUDGR PR YHUHYHQWXURFKHGLIDWWRVLDPR&KLYXROHYHGHUOLIDFFLD GHUQRªREVHUYD-XOLD.ULVWHYD DIDFFLD" ©/DPDOLQFRQLDqLOVHJUHWRIRUVHODVDFUDOLWjPRGHUQDª Papelera de soledades. RVVHUYD-XOLD.ULVWHYD (VFXOWXUD[[FP7XERGHPHWDFULODWROXFHVGHQHyQFHORIiQWLQWD 2JJL QRQ q WDQWR LO VHVVR FLz FKH WXUED R LQWLPRULVFH Palabras cautivas, Transparencias Palabras cautivas, Transparencias Palabras cautivas, Transparencias Parole imprigionate, Trasparenze Palabras cautivas, Transparencias A la obra de Paloma Navares en Roma )DQQ\5XELR (VFULWRUD I III (Q VX FDtGD ODV SLHGUDV GH OD ÏSHUD GHVJDUUDURQ ©/D 1RKD\PiVSRGHUTXHHVWDEDOVDGHWULJRPLDPDQWH ¿HVWDGHORVORFRVªGHMDQGRDQWHQRVRWURVOD~OWLPDGHODV IUDJPHQWDGRPiVFDUDD]XOFRQWUDHOQRVHU ]RQDVGHVRPEUD&DUDUHDODOGHVFXELHUWRSHUVSHFWLYD LQWHULRU KXPDQD IRUPD TXH DERUGD SpWUHD HO OLHQ]R (Q VX FDtGD OD IRUPD FHGH DQWH HO FDORU YLROHQWR OX] TXHEDxDVDOLHQWHOX]GHDFHURTXHPXHUGH\FUHDOD SHVDGLOODEDMRHOFLHORGHSyOYRUD %UXHJKHOGHQWURGHOFDRVQDUUDQGRORUHDO ,9 6XVWLWX\R HO SLQFHO SRU HO WXER SRU OD SDQWDOOD PL FXDGHUQR 3UR[LPLGDG QR REVWDQWH D OD PDWHULD \D 1RKD\VDQJUHDPRUHVYLQRORTXHJROSHDWXFDUD SUHYLVWD HQ HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR 7UDV HO HVIXHU]R OD HQHUJtDHOULWPRGHODIRUPDOHWUDFRQVWDQWHTXHEXVFD VXVHQWLGRPiVDOOiGHODQDGD II +H DTXt XQ MXHJR GH P~VLFD \ GH FDO VREUHYDORUDQGR 'HMDVHQWLUHOIRQGR8QWUD]RJULV\EODQFRQRVOOHYDKDFLD HVSHMRV KDVWD TXH HQFXHQWUH HO UDVWUR GH PL UDPD HQ ORFyQFDYR7HPLURHQHVWD~OWLPDDYHQWXUDYLVLEOHVLQ ODQRFKH FHSLOORGHGLHQWHVTXpKDFHDTXtPLSLMDPDEDUQL]DGR 7H YHR YHVWLGR GH SDODEUDV PtDV HQ HVWH FDUQDYDO QRFWXUQRHQODDEVRUFLyQHQUHPROLQRGHKRMDVYHUGHV ¢(VWDHVODUHDOLGDGGLVHPLQDQWHTXHVHWHMtDIXUWLYDD WUDYpVGHORVFDPELRVGHFRORU" Melancolía. $$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN [[FP2EMHWRGHWRFDGRUFHORIiQWLQWD 1952-1983.$QD&ULVWLQD&pVDU A punto de partir. $QD&ULVWLQD&pVDU [[FP2EMHWRGRPpVWLFRFRSDGHFULVWDOIUDJPHQWRVGHYLGULRWLQWDSLQWXUDDFUtOLFD [[FP2EMHWRGRPpVWLFRFRSDGHFULVWDOIUDJPHQWRVGHYLGULRWLQWD El beso. Canción de la mañana.6\OYLD3ODWK\$QQH6H[WRQ [[FP2EMHWRGRPpVWLFRFULVWDODFHURWLQWDFHORIiQHVFULWRFRQSRHPDV D camille claudel DQWRQLQDUWDXG JX\GHPDXSDVVDQW HPLO\GLFNLQVRQ DOHMDQGUDSL]DUQLN DQQHVH[WRQ V\OYLDSODWK YLUJLQLDZRROI PDULQDWVYHWDHYD 'HOLQ¿HUQREODQFR [[FP2EMHWRGRPpVWLFRSODWRGHFHUiPLFDIUDJPHQWRVGHFDEH]DGHYLGULRSLQWXUDDFUtOLFDWLQWD 9HQGUiODPXHUWH\WHQGUiWXVRMRV HVWDPXHUWHTXHQRVDFRPSDxD GHVGHHODOEDDODQRFKHLQVRPQH VRUGDFRPRXQYLHMRUHPRUGLPLHQWR RXQDEVXUGRGHIHFWR7XVRMRV VHUiQXQDSDODEUDLQXWLO XQJULWRFDOODGRXQVLOHQFLR 2¿FLRGHYLYLU$&HVDUH3DYHVH )UDJPHQWRGHOSRHPDVendrá la muerte y tendrá tus ojos (VFXOWXUD[[FP&DEH]DGHYtGUHRFHORIiQFDOLJUD¿DGR GH&HVDUH3DYHVH (VFXOWXUD[[FP&DEH]DGHYLGULRFHORIiQUL]DGRFRQFDOLJUDItDWLQWDVRSRUWHGHPHWDFULODWR A Sylvia Plath. (VFXOWXUD[[FP6DOHURVFDEH]DGHYLGULRYDULOODVGHFULVWDODODPEUHFHORIiQFDOLJUD¿DGRVRSRUWHGHPHWDFULODWR A Paul Celan. Amapola y memoria. 2001 (VFXOWXUD[[FP2EMHWRVGRPpVWLFRVFDEH]DGHYLGULRYDULOODVGHFULVWDODODPEUHFHORIiQFDOLJUD¿DGRVRSRUWHGHPHWDFULODWR A Alejandra Pizarnik. 2002 Pájaro de Uayamaní. Canto a un vuelo en la oscuridad.$3DORPD1DYDUHV (VFXOWXUD[[FP0DQRV\IUDJPHQWRVGHUHVLQDWLQWDVREUHUHVLQDGHSROLpVWHU\WUDQVSDUHQFLD /¶DWPRVIHUDFRPH¿JXUDDUWLVWLFD /DDWPyVIHUDFRPR¿JXUDDUWtVWLFD 0DUJDULWD/HGR$QGLRQ 0DUJDULWD/HGR$QGLRQ /¶RVVHUYDWRUHODSHUVRQDFKHJXDUGDRTXHOODFKHVL /DREVHUYDGRUDODSHUVRQDTXHPLUDRDTXHOODRWUD PHWWHDVFULYHUHSHUFKp'HOO¶$QLPD)HULWDHVLVWHVDQQR TXHVHSRQHDHVFULELUSRUTXHDel alma heridaH[LVWH GLHVVHUHSDUWHGLXQQHVVRVHPSUHSLVRWWLOHFKHYLQ VH VDEHQ SDUWH FDGD YH] PiV GH XQD OD]DGD IUiJLO FRODO¶RJJHWWRDUWLVWLFRHLOPRGRGLUHDOL]]DUORHGLHVL TXHYLQFXODHOREMHWRDUWtVWLFR\HOPRGRGHUHDOL]DFLyQ ELUORDOSURSULRGHVLGHULRGLFRQRVFHQ]D \GHH[KLELFLyQGHHVHREMHWRFRQHOSURSLRGHVHRGH FRQRFLPLHQWR 0DQRQVLWUDWWDGLXQGHVLGHULRGLFRQRVFHQ]DSRVLWLYD QpWDQWRPHQRIHQRPHQRORJLFDSHUYDVRGDOO¶LQWHQ]LRQH 3HURQRVHWUDWDGHXQGHVHRGHFRQRFLPLHQWRSRVL GLFKLVLPXRYHDWWRUQRDTXHOORFKHXQ¶DXWULFHKDFRV WLYR QL VLTXLHUD IHQRPHQROyJLFR DWUDYHVDGR SRU OD WUXLWRQRQVLWUDWWDQHDQFKHGLIDUHXQDVFDODGLYDORUL LQWHQFLyQGHTXLHQPHURGHDDOUHGHGRUGHORTXHXQD GLFHUFDUHLSXQWLGLLQÀHVVLRQHQHOGLVFRUVRGHOIHP DXWRUDFRQVWUX\yWDPSRFRVHWUDWDGHKDFHUJHQHD PLQLOHFRPHSDUWHGHOO¶DUWHDQFKHVHRFFDVLRQDOPHQWH ORJtDGHEXVFDUORVSXQWRVGHLQÀH[LyQHQHOGLVFXUVR ODPHQWHFLIDULFHUFDUHGHWHUPLQDWLVHJQDOLFRQLTXDOL GHORIHPHQLQRFRPRSDUWHGHORDUWtVWLFRDXQTXHHQ VLWXDUHLOQRVWURSDVVDJJLRSHUO¶XQLYHUVRGHOOHSDUROHH RFDVLRQHVODPHPRULDQRVOOHYHDODSURFXUDGHGHWHU GHOOHLPPDJLQL6LWUDWWDSLXWWRVWRGLVDSHUHFRPHDFFH PLQDGDVVHxDOHVFRQODVTXHVLWXDUQXHVWURSDVDMHSRU GHUHDOO¶HVSUHVVLRQHSLSHUVRQDOHTXHOODGHOO¶DXWULFH HOXQLYHUVRGHODVSDODEUDV\GHODVLPiJHQHV6HWUDWD HDOVXRWHQWDWLYRGLFRPXQLFD]LRQHFRQDOWULULVYROWL PiVELHQGHVDEHUFyPRDFFHGHUDODH[SUHVLyQPiV TXHOOLGHOOHFRVWHOOD]LRQLOHWWHUDULHFKHGLDORJDQRFRQOH SHUVRQDOODGHODDXWRUD\DVXHQVD\RGHFRPXQLFD SURSRVWHGL,WDOR&DOYLQRSHUTXHVWRPLOOHQQLRQHOSHU FLyQFRQODRWUDFDUDFRQFRQVWHODFLRQHVOLWHUDULDVTXH FHSLUHODIXQ]LRQHGHOODOHWWHUDWXUDFRPHSRVVLELOLWjGL GLDORJDQFRQODVSURSXHVWDVGH,WDOR&DOYLQRSDUDHVWH VWDELOLUHXQDFRPXQLFD]LRQHWUDLOGLYHUVRLQTXDQWRGL PLOHQLRDOSHUFLELUODIXQFLyQGHODOLWHUDWXUDFRPRSR YHUVRVHQ]DOLPDUHOHGLYHUVLWjPHWWHQGROHLQHYLGHQ]D VLELOLGDGGHHVWDEOHFHUFRPXQLFDFLyQHQWUHORGLIHUHQWH HVDOWDQGROHSHUFKpLQTXHVWRFRQVLVWHODPLVVLRQHGHOOD HQWDQWRGLIHUHQWHVLQOLPDUGLIHUHQFLDVGHVWDFiQGR OLQJXDVFULWWD ODVH[DOWiQGRODVTXHHQHVRFRQVLVWHODYRFDFLyQGH ODOHQJXDHVFULWD ,O TXRWLGLDQR FRPH VSD]LR FXOWXUDOH TXDOFKH FDPELR G¶XVRGLXQOXRJRTXDOVLDVLLOSRHPDFKHHVWHQGHLVXRL /RFRWLGLDQRFRPRHVSDFLRFXOWXUDOFLHUWRFDPELRHQ FRQ¿QLSHUULHQWUDUHQHOTXDGURGLXQOLEURGLIDPLJOLD ORVXVRVGHFXDOTXLHUOXJDUHOSRHPDTXHDQFKDVX TXHOORGHOOD1DYDUHVOLEURHODERUDWRFRQDOFXQLPDWHULDOL IURQWHUDSDUDLQFRUSRUDUVHDODLPDJHQGHXQOLEURGH 51 H DWWUDYHUVR DOFXQL SURFHGLPHQWL WHFQLFL FRQWHPSRUD IDPLOLDHOGH1DYDUHVOLEURHODERUDGRFRQFLHUWRVPD QHLVRQRHOHPHQWLFKHLGHQWL¿FDQRFRVWDQWLFRQOHTXDOL WHULDOHV\SRUHQWUHSURFHGLPLHQWRVWpFQLFRVFRQWHP O¶DXWULFHJLRFDHRSHUDOHVXHYDULD]LRQLOHVXHVFRP SRUiQHRVVRQHOHPHQWRVTXHLGHQWL¿FDQFRQVWDQWHV PHVVHLQFHUWHLOWUDQVIHUWGHOOHVXHSDXUH FRQODVTXHODDXWRUDKDFHVXVMXHJRVVXVYDULDFLR QHVVXVDSXHVWDVLQFLHUWDVODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHVXV /DWUDFFLDFLFRQGXFHDFLzFKHGLVHPLQDOHRIIUHLOYHQ PLHGRV WHVLPRVHFRORDOO¶DI¿QLWjFRQLOVLVWHPDGLSHQVLHURGL %HQMDPLQDFLQHDVWLFRPH%UHVVRQDDUFKLWHWWLFRPH (OUDVWURQRVOOHYDDORPiVVHPLQDOTXHEULQGDHOVL %DUUDJiQDGXQDSRVL]LRQHQHOODTXDOH³O¶LQWHUQRO¶LQWH JOR;;DODD¿QLGDGFRQHOVLVWHPDGHSHQVDPLHQWR ULRULWj´TXHVWHFDVHOOHGHFLGRQRVXOO¶HVWHUQR/DVRJJHW GH%HQMDPLQDFLQHDVWDVFRPR%UHVVRQDDUTXLWHFWRV WLYLWjDQFKHQHOODVXDSXQWDHVWUHPD¿QRDJLXQJHUHDOOD FRPR%DUUDJiQDXQDSRVLFLyQHQODTXH©ORLQWHULRU FRVFLHQ]DULYROX]LRQDULDLQWHUYLHQHQHOODVWRULD3HUFKp HOLQWHULRUªHVDVFDMLWDVGHFLGHVREUHORH[WHULRU/D QRQSRWUHPPRDGGHQWUDUFLQHOOHSURSRVWHGL3DORPD1D VXEMHWLYLGDGLQFOXVRHQVXPi[LPDUDGLFDOLGDG\KDVWD YDUHVFRQVLGHUDQGRVRORODVXDSHUVRQDOHELRJUD¿DRLO OOHJDUDODFRQFLHQFLDUHYROXFLRQDULDLQWHUYLHQHHQOD IHPPLQLOHFRPHSURJUDPPD,OVXRODYRURqDQFKHLOUL KLVWRULD3RUTXHQRSRGUtDPRVDGHQWUDUQRVHQODVSUR VXOWDWRGLDOWUHJUDQGLURWWXUHFKHVLLQWUDYHGRQRDSSHQD SXHVWDVGH3DORPD1DYDUHVTXHGiQGRQRVVyORHQVX QHOOHDOWUHDXWULFLFKHKDVFHOWRFRPHIDEXODFRPHFUHD ELRJUDItDSHUVRQDOQLORIHPHQLQRFRPRGHWHUPLQDFLyQ WXUHFRPHPRWLYRLOVXLFLGLRWUDOHDOWUHIRUPHGLVFRP 6X WUDEDMR HV WDPELpQ UHVXOWDGR GH RWUDV JUDQGHV SDUVDGLPRGHOOLFRPH$OIRQVLQD6WRUQLR9LUJLQLD:RROI TXLHEUDVTXHDSHQDVVHGHMDQYHUHQODVDXWRUDVTXH HVFRJLyFRPRIiEXODFRPRFULDWXUDVFRPRPRWLYRHO 1HOFDPSRGHOOHHVSHULHQ]HDUWLVWLFKH3DORPD1DYDUHVVL VXLFLGLRHQWUHRWUDVIRUPDVGHGHVDSDULFLyQGHXQDV FROORFDQHOO¶LQWHUVH]LRQHGHOFRQFHWWXDOH²TXHOSHUFRUVR PRGHORVFRPR$OIRQVLQD6WRUQLR9LUJLQLD:RROI GHOFRUSRGHOODUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHYHUVRODPHQWHYHUVR O¶LQWHULRUH² FRQ LO VXUUHDOH ²TXHOO¶LQWHQVLWj GHO FRUSR 'HVGHHOLQWHULRUGHODVSUiFWLFDVDUWtVWLFDV3DORPD1D QHOODPHQWHO¶LVWDQWHGHOO¶DQJHORGHOOD6WRULD²LOOXRJR YDUHVVHVLW~DHQODLQWHUVHFFLyQGHORFRQFHSWXDO²HVH FKHRFFXSDFRUULVSRQGHDOOXRJRGHOO¶RJJHWWRDPRURVR WUD\HFWRGHOFXHUSRGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQDODPHQWH FKHUHJLVWULDPRFRPHRJJHWWRHVWUDQHRFKHQRPLQLDPR DOLQWHULRU²FRQORVXUUHDO²HVDLQWHQVLGDGGHOFXHUSR DSSHQDFKHULFRQRVFLDPRQHOVXRPDQXIDWWRVHqD HQODPHQWHHVHLQVWDQWHGHOiQJHOGHOD+LVWRULD² PHFKHDSSDUWLHQHSHUFKpDOORUDDSSDUWLHQHGLSLDOHL" VXOXJDUFRUUHVSRQGHDOOXJDUGHOREMHWRDPRURVRTXH «FLGLUjO¶DPDQWHGLWXWWHOHSRHVLHQHOVXRIUHPLWRGL YHUEDOL]DPRVFRPRREMHWRH[WUDxRTXHQRPEUDPRV JHORVLD DSHQDVTXHWUDQVIHULPRVSDUDVXIUDJPHQWRVLHVD PtDTXLHQSHUWHQHFHSRUTXpOHSHUWHQHFHPiVDHOOD« 3HU TXHVWR RUD FHUFR GL QRQ IDUPL WUDVFLQDUH YHUVR OD YD D GHFLUQRV HO DPDQWH GH WRGDV ODV SRHVtDV HQ VX FRQJLXQ]LRQHGL:HUWKHUH%DUWKHVVXOODYHULWjGHOODSDV HVWHUWRUGHFHORV VLRQH³DYROWHPLVRUSUHQGHFKHXQDOWURODSRVVDDPDUH FKHDEELDLOGLULWWRGLDPDUODTXDQGRLOPLRDPRUHSHUOHL 3RUHVRDKRUDWUDWRGHQRGHMDUPHDUUDVWUDUKDFLDOD qFRVuHVFOXVLYRFRVuSURIRQGRFRVuWRWDOHTXDQGRQRQKR FRQMXQFLyQGHWerther\BarthesHQWRUQRDODYHUGDG QLHQW¶DOWUR´&HUFRGLQRQIDUPLFRLQYROJHUHQHL)UDPPHQWL GHODSDVLyQ©DYHFHVPHVRUSUHQGHTXHRWURODSXHGD GLXQGLVFRUVRDPRURVRO¶RSHUDFKH5RODQG%DUWKHVVFULYH DPDUWHQJDGHUHFKRDDPDUODFXDQGRPLDPRUSRU DSDUWLUHGDOODVFULWWXUDGHJOLDOWULHQHOODTXDOHDSSUHQ HOODHVWDQH[FOXVLYRWDQSURIXQGRWDQSOHQRFXDQGR GLDPRDGDSSURSULDUFLGHOO¶RSHUDDUWLVWLFDFRPHPRGRGL QRWHQJRQDGDPiVª7UDWRGHQRHQURVFDUPHHQORV Casta, alba, de espuma y nácar. $$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL PDQLIHVWDUHODQRVWUDSHUVRQDOHFDSDFLWjGLSDVVLRQH6H Fragmentos de un discurso amorosoODREUDTXH5R (VFXOWXUD[[FP0DQLTXtGHSOiVWLFRFHORIiQWLQWD 52 VFULYRDSDUWLUHGD%DUWKHV3DORPDVWDWXWWDQHLIUDP ODQG%DUWKHVHVFULEHGHVGHODHVFULWXUDGHORVRWURV\ PHQWLGHO:HUWKHUHLQTXHOODFRSSLDHWHUQDFKHIRUPDQR HQODTXHDSUHQGLPRVDDSURSLDUQRVGHODREUDDUWtVWLFD )UHXGH.ULVWHYDOuGRYHQHVVXQDPDOLQFRQLDqFDSDFHGL FRPRPRGRGHPDQLIHVWDUQXHVWUDFDSDFLGDGSURSLDGH DQQXOODUHODOXFLGLWjGHOOD6WRUQLTXDQGRDFFXVDODGRSSLD SDVLyQ6LHVFULERGHVGH%DUWKHV3DORPDHVWiHQWHUD PRUDOHQHOPDVFKLOHTXDQGRUHFODPDO¶DFFXOWXUD]LRQHGHO HQ IUDJPHQWRV GHO :HUWKHU \ HQ HVH GRV LQWHUPLQD PDFKRDWWUDYHUVRLOULWRUQRDOODQDWXUD EOH TXH HV OD SDUHMD )UHXG.ULVWHYD DKt GRQGH QLQ JXQDPHODQFROtDHVFDSD]GHDQXODUODOXFLGH]GH6WRUQL FXDQGRDFXVDODGREOHPRUDOHQORPDVFXOLQRFXDQGR Tu mi vuoi casta… UHFODPDODDFXOWXUDFLyQGHOPDFKRDWUDYpVGHODYXHOWD Tu mi vuoi alba, DORQDWXUDO Mi vuoi spuma, Tu me quieres casta… Mi vuoi di madreperla Tu me quieres alba, Me quieres espuma, « Me quieres de nácar « $OEDVSXPDPDGUHSHUOD«JOLDVSHWWLYLVXDOLQHOODSRH WLFDGL$OIRQVLQD6WRUQLVLWURYDQRDQFKHLQTXHOODSHUIRU PDQFHXQLFDGHOVXRVXLFLGLRLPPHUJHQGRVLQHOOHDFTXH $OEDHVSXPDQiFDU«ORVDVSHFWRVYLVXDOHVHQODSRp IRUPDVXSUHPDGLDIIURQWDUHODFRQYHQ]LRQHGHOODGRQQD WLFD GH $OIRQVLQD 6WRUQL HVWiQ WDPELpQ HQ HVD per- FDVWDFKHODVRFLHWjUHFODPDYDDJUDQYRFH(QRQFL formance~QLFDGHVXVXLFLGLRHQWUDQGRHQODVDJXDV VHQWLDPR GLYHUVDPHQWH QHO OHJJHUH LO SRHPD FKH QHO IRUPDPD\RUGHFRQIURQWDUODFRQYHQFLyQGHODPXMHU FRQWHPSODUHODIRUPDSODVWLFDFKHDFTXLVWDQROHVFULWWXUH FDVWDTXHODVRFLHGDGYRFLIHUDED<QRQRVVHQWLPRV FRQ3DORPD1DYDUHVPHQWUHLOVHQVRGHOODYLVWDVLDSUH GHPRGRGLIHUHQWHDOOHHUHOSRHPDTXHDOFRQWHPSODU DOO¶LPPDJLQHSODFLGDGLXQRGRUHDOWDWWRIUHGGRGHOOD ODIRUPDSOiVWLFDTXHDGTXLHUHQODVHVFULWXUDVFRQ3D EDFFKHWWDIHUUHDDOIXRULFDPSRFKHFUHDQRLOSRHPD ORPD1DYDUHVPLHQWUDVHOVHQWLGRGHODYLVWDVHDEUHD HO¶RSHUDSHUVLWXDUFLDOODJLXVWDGLVWDQ]DHSRWHUVFDQ ODLPDJHQSOiFLGDGHXQRORUDOWDFWRIUtRGHODYDULOOD GLUHLOWHPSRGLRJQLRSHUDLQTXHVWDDPDOJDPDRSSXUH DOIXHUDGHFDPSRTXHFUHDQHOSRHPD\ODSLH]DSDUD SODVPDUHLOGHVLGHULRGLTXHOORFKHDQFRUDFLPDQFDGHOOD VLWXDUQRV HQ OD GLVWDQFLD MXVWD \ SRGHU GHVJUDQDU HO VXDRSHUDTXHOODPDWDVVDWHQXHFKHVLDOOXQJDHFKHSHU WLHPSRGHFDGDREUDHQHVDFDVFDGDHQVXVSHQVLyQR LVXRLPDWHULDOLIRWRYLGHRVXRQR«VDSSLDPRHVVHUH ODEUDUHOGHVHRGHORTXHWRGDYtDQRVIDOWDGHVXREUD QRVWUD FRQWHPSRUDQHD GDJOL VFHQDUL OD ULFRQRVFLDPR HVDPDGHMDWHQXHTXHVHDODUJD\TXHSRUVXVVRSRU FRPHSDUWHGLXQDFRPPXQLWDVGDOOHVXHRVVHVVLRQLOD WHV²IRWRYtGHRVRQLGR«²VDEHPRVFRQWHPSRUiQHD FUHD]LRQHODVROLWXGLQHO¶DPRUHO¶LGHQWLWjO¶DOWHULWj«OD QXHVWUDSRUORVHVFHQDULRVODUHFRQRFHPRVFRPRSDUWH LQVHULDPRLQXQDFKLDUDOLQHDGLDXWULFLHDXWRULFKHUL de una communitasSRUVXVREVHVLRQHV²ODFUHDFLyQ FRUURQRDOO¶DUWL¿FLRSHUFHUFDUHGLQHXWUDOL]]DUHFLzFKH ODVROHGDGHODPRUODLGHQWLGDGODDOWHULGDG«²ODLQ FLVLDQQXQFLDFRPH³LQTXLHWDQWHHVWUDQHLWj´LQQRLVWHVVL FRUSRUDPRVDXQDOtQHDFODUDGHDXWRUDV\GHDXWRUHV GLQXRYR)UHXG.ULVWHYDDWWUDYHUVROD¿Q]LRQH&RQL TXHHFKDQPDQRGHODUWL¿FLRSDUDWUDWDUGHQHXWUDOL]DU UDFFRQWLGLIDWHTXDOFRVDGLFRVuIHPPLQLOHTXDOHGROFH ORTXHVHQRVDQXQFLDFRPR©LQTXLHWDQWHH[WUDQMHUL DPELWRSHUO¶LQGXOJHQWHUHOD]LRQHWUDVHJQRLPPDJLQDULR dadªHQQRVRWURVPLVPRV²GHQXHYR)UHXG.ULVWHYD² HGHVLVWHQ]DUHDOH DWUDYpVGHOR¿FFLRQDO&RQORVFXHQWRVGHKDGDVHVR Palabras, apuntes. 2002 WDQIHPHQLQRFRPRiPELWRGXOFHSDUDODLQGXOJHQWH (VFXOWXUDGHOX][FP5HVLQDGHSROLpVWHUWLQWDSDQWDOODGHOX] UHODFLyQHQWUHVLJQRLPDJLQDULR\H[LVWHQFLDUHDO (VLVWHQ]DUHDOHGLFLzFKHqYLFLQRGHOORVSD]LRGRPHVWLFR 55 HSHUFKpQRGHL¿RULGHOO¶HVWUDQHRGHOOHFRVWHOOD]LRQL ([LVWHQFLDUHDOGHORSUy[LPRGHOHVSDFLRGRPpVWLFR\ DOFKLPLDFRPHOLEHUD]LRQH(YLHQH3DORPD1DYDUHVFRQ HO 6LJOR FRQ HO IHPLQLVPR FRQ OD HVIHUD GRPpVWLFD GHOFRUSR3DORPD1DYDUHVHOHVXHLPPDJLQLRVSHGD FyPRQRGHODVÀRUHVGHORH[WUDxRGHODVFRQVWHOD ODVXDPDQRSLHQDGLFLRWWROLFRQLVXRLUHSHUWRULLVXRL FRPRDOHJRUtDGHODVSUiFWLFDVPiJLFDVFRPRHVSDFLR OLHUHLVXRLWXELLVXRLOLTXLGLLVXRLVXVVXUULWUDPXWDWL FLRQHVGHOFXHUSR3DORPD1DYDUHV\VXVJHRJUDItDV LPSHUGLELOLFODVVL¿FDWRULFKHVLVFLROJRQRFRPHLOJKLDF GHOXMRSDUDHODFHUWLMRSDUDODVHYRFDFLRQHVPLWROy LQPDWHULDSRHWLFDLQULFHWWDFRORGLVROLWXGLQL1DWXUDH KRVSLWDODUHVVXVWXERVVXVOtTXLGRVVXV]XPELGRVUH FLRLQXQDFRSSDGDFRFNWDLOFRQOHVXHFDVFDWHGLOXFH JLFDVGHVXFXOWXUDSHULIpULFD\FHOWDSDUDODFRFLQD\ FXOWXUDLQGLYLVHLOUHIHUHQWHLOVLPEROLFRHODIDEEULFD FLFODGRVDPDWHULDSRpWLFDDSDSHOHUDGHVROHGDGHV FRQLOJHVWRSLSHUIHWWRHGHOHJDQWHGHLVXRLSRHWLQHO VXDOTXLPLDFRPROLEHUDFLyQ<YLHQH3DORPD1DYDUHV GHLVRJQLDWWLYDWLQHLGXHFDVLSHUFRQVHJQDUFLGHLVHJQL 1DWXUD\FXOWXUDLQGLVRFLDGDVHOUHIHUHQWHORVLPEyOLFR GLUFLDGGLR(FRQWXWWRFLzFKHSRUWDQHOVXREDJDJOLR FRQVXPDQROOHQDGHFDQWRVURGDGRVFRQVXVUHSHU FKHFLODVFLDQRQHOODORURLPSUHVVLRQHGLUDSLGLWjHGL \ODIiEULFDGHORVVXHxRVSXHVWDXQD\RWUDYH]D FLIDFRQWHPSODUHTXHVWDSURSRVWD'HOO¶$QLPD)HULWD WRULRVVXVLPSHUGLEOHVFODVL¿FDWRULRVIXQGLpQGRVHHQ IUDJLOLWjODFRVFLHQ]DGHOO¶LQFRQWURWUD3DORPDHLVXRL IXQFLRQDUSDUDHQWUHJDUQRVFLHUWRVVLJQRVTXHQRVGH FRVuFRPHFRQWHPSOLDPRQRLVWHVVLSURSULRDOO¶LQL]LRGL ODFRSDGHFyFWHOFRPRHOKLHORFRQVXVFDWDUDWDVGH SRHWLGHOFRUSRFRPHPRYLPHQWRSHUSHWXRGHOO¶DQLPD MDQHQVXLPSUHVLyQGHUDSLGH]\GHIUDJLOLGDGODFRQV TXDOVLDVLLGLOOLR OX]FRQHOJHVWRPiVDFDEDGR\HOHJDQWHGHVXVSRH GHOODVFULWWXUDQHOPRPHQWRGHOODVXDQDVFLWDFLQTXH FLHQFLDGHOHQFXHQWUR²HQWUH3DORPD\VXVSRHWDV² PLODDQQLIDVXXQDWDYRODGLDUJLOODRYHLOWULDQJRORDS GHOFXHUSRFRPRPRYLPLHQWRSHUSHWXRGHOiQLPDGH 3HUFKpQHOO¶LGLOOLRFKHQHOO¶DUWHVLWXLDPRQHOPRPHQWR EDJDMHQRVKDFHFRQWHPSODUHVWDSURSXHVWDDel alma SXQWLWRWDJOLDWRLQXQDFDQQXOD¿VVDHVDQFLVFHLOWUDWWR OD HVFULWXUD HQ HO PRPHQWR GH VX QDFLPLHQWR KDFH GHOODFUHD]LRQHGHOO¶LGHDQRQHVLVWHO¶DVVHQ]DQpWDQWR heridaFRPRQRVFRQWHPSODPRVMXVWRHQHOLQLFLRGH HODERUDWRGDTXHOOLGHOOD%DVVD0HVRSRWDPLD FLQFR PLO DxRV HQ XQ SDtV GH DUFLOOD VREUH OD TXH HO PHQRODVHSDUD]LRQHGDFLzFKHYLHQHSULPDHDQFRUD cualquier idilio. WDVDOGHFLUDGLyV<FRQWRGRORTXHWUDQVSRUWDHQVX WULiQJXORSXQWLDJXGRFRUWDGRHQXQDFiQXODVLPSOL¿FD PHQRODSHUGLWD3HUFKpQHOO¶LGLOOLRWXWWRDQFRUDGHYH &LQTXHPLODDQQLGLVFULWWXUDVRQRLWUDWWLGHOO¶RSHUDGL \HVWDQGDUL]DHOWUD]RTXHQRVRIUHFLHURQORVGHOD%DMD DUULYDUH/DYLWDORqSHUFKpVLIHUPDLO¿RUHGHOFLOLH 3RUTXH HQ HO LGLOLR TXH HQ DUWH VLWXDPRV HQ HO PR 3DORPD ( OD URWWXUD ,O YHQWHVLPR VHFROR GH¿QLWLYD 0HVRSRWDPLD JLRLSHQVLHULODIRJOLDLPEDOVDPDWDGHOSDSDYHUR,O PHQWRGHODFUHDFLyQGHODLGHDQRH[LVWHODDXVHQFLD VXEOLPHVLPXRYHFRQOHDOLGLTXHOORFKHDQFRUDQRQ QLVLTXLHUDODVHSDUDFLyQGHORDQWHULRUPXFKRPHQRV PHQWHGLYLVRLQGXHTXDQGRQDVFH3DORPDHTXDQGR XQ¶DOWUDDUWLVWDSODVWLFD/HRQRUD&DUULQJWRQKDVFULWWR &LQFR PLO DxRV GH HVFULWXUD VRQ ORV WUD]RV GHO WH[WR qO¶KDLN~WUDLQDQWHPDGHLQ']LJD9HUWRYODVFLDPRFL ODSpUGLGD3RUTXHHQHOLGLOLRWRGRHVWiWRGDYtDSRU 0HPRULDVRWWHUUDQHDLOVXRSDVVDJJLRSHULOPDQLFR GH3DORPD<ODTXLHEUD(OVLJOR;;GH¿QLWLYDPHQWH DQGDUHVXOOHDOLGHOOHLSRWHVLHWXWWLJOLHOHPHQWLVLFRP OOHJDU/DYLGDORHVSRUTXHVHSDUDOL]DODÀRUGHOFH PLRQHOODFLWWjGL6DQWDQGHU IUDFFLRQDGRHQGRVFXDQGR3DORPDHVWiQDFLHQGR\ ELQDQRSHUXQDIDVHGLYHUVDODUHOD]LRQHDPRURVDGRYH UH]R ORV SHQVDPLHQWRV OD KRMD HPEDOVDPDGD GH OD FXDQGRRWUDDUWLVWDSOiVWLFD/HRQRUD&DUULQJWRQGHMy DSSDLRQRJLjLOOHJDPHHO¶DVVHQ]DTXDQGRVRSUDYYLHQH DPDSROD/RVXEOLPHVHPXHYHFRQODVDODVGHORTXH &RPH O¶RSHUD GL TXDOVLDVL DXWULFH TXHOOD GL 3DORPD HVFULWRMemoria de AbajoVXSDVRSRUHOPDQLFRPLRHQ ODVHSDUD]LRQHODVRIIHUHQ]DODIROOLDLOGRORUH«PD D~QQRHV²HOKDLN~PiVPRYLOL]DGRUmade in']LJD 1DYDUHVLQL]LDFRPHXQDWWRGLGLVWLQ]LRQHXQDWWRGL ODFLXGDGGH6DQWDQGHU WXWWRFLzFKHSRUWDFRQVpODVHSDUD]LRQHKDXQDDQ 9HUWRYGHMpPRQRVLUHQODVDODVGHODKLSyWHVLV²\ VFHOWDFKHSRUWDFRQVpO¶RSHUDGLDOWUHDXWULFLGDFXLH GDWDHXQULWRUQR)LQRDTXDQGRHQWULDPRQHOOHDFTXH WRGRVORVHOHPHQWRVVHFRPELQDQSDUDXQDIDVHGLIH FRQFXLFRQ¿JXUDODVXDHVSUHVVLRQHSODVWLFDHODTXD &RPRODREUDGHFXDOTXLHUDXWRUDODGH3DORPD1D QHOO¶DVVROXWRQHOODPDOLQFRQLDQHOO¶LGHDGHOO¶DELVVRFKH UHQWHHOURPDQFHGRQGH\DDSDUHFHQHOYtQFXOR\OD OLWjGLXQFHUWRWLSRGLDWPRVIHUDTXHOPRGRSDUWLFRODUH YDUHVFRPLHQ]DSRUVHUXQDFWRGHGLVWLQFLyQXQDFWR FLKDODVFLDWRLO6HFROR1HOODSHUGLWD DXVHQFLDFXDQGRVREUHYLHQHODVHSDUDFLyQHOVXIUL GHOO¶HVSUHVVLRQHFKHVLSURGXFHQHOVXRSHUFRUVRYHUVR GHHOHFFLyQTXHWUDHFRQVLJRODREUDGHRWUDVDXWR O¶LQFRQVFLR YHUVR OD SHUFH]LRQH 8Q VHFROR GLYLVR D UDV GHVGH \ FRQ ODV TXH YD D FRQ¿JXUDU VX H[SUH 3HU VFRQJLXUDUOD q GD WHPSR 3DORPD 1DYDUHV FKH VL FRQVLJR OD VHSDUDFLyQ WLHQH LGD \ YXHOWD +DVWD TXH PHWjHVLLQVLVWHPROWRVXTXHVWDGLFRWRPLDQHOO¶RSHUD VLyQ SOiVWLFD \ OD FDOLGDG GH XQD FLHUWD DWPyVIHUD QDUUDGDOGLGHQWURLQFHUWLRJJHWWLLQRJJHWWLFKHDPDOD HQWUDPRVHQODVDJXDVHQHODEVROXWRHQODPHODQ GHOOHGLYHUVHIDVLGL3DORPDFKHLOSHQVLHUR¿ORVR¿FR HVHPRGRSDUWLFXODUGHODH[SUHVLyQTXHVyORVHSUR SHQDHQXQFLDQRFLzFKHVRQRVWDWLLQXQGDWRPRPHQWR FROtDHQODLGHDGHDELVPRTXHQRVGHMyHO6LJOR(Q GHOGRSRJXHUUD6DUWUHFHUFDGLULFXFLUH8QVHFROR GXFH HQ VX SDVR KDFLD HO HOOR KDFLD OD SHUFHSFLyQ ODFDQQXODRVSHGDOLHUDODSDURODFDQQXODFRPHVLQHGGR ODSpUGLGD FKHDQQXQFLD³O¶XRPRQXRYR´DI¿QFKpXQ¶LQJOHVLQDGL 8QVLJORSDUWLGRSRUODPLWDG²\PXFKRVHLQVLVWHHQ FKHGHOODWRUWXUDODIRWRGHOODFDQQXODSHUHVHPSLR'H GLFLDQQRYHDQQLIXJJDD3DULJLFRQ0D[(UQVWHDVVLVWD HVWDGLFRWRPtDGHODREUDGHGLIHUHQWHVpSRFDVGH3D JOLRJJHWWLFKHVLULYHODQRDSDUWLUHGDOO¶LQIRUPD]LRQHFKH 3DUDFRQMXUDUOD3DORPD1DYDUHVKDFHWLHPSRTXHVH DOORVPHPEUDPHQWRGLTXHOORFKHYHGRQRLVXRLRFFKL ORPD²TXHHOSHQVDPLHQWRKXPDQLVWDGHSRVJXHUUD GHOODORURIXQ]LRQHHGHOODORURUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHULFHYH QRVYDQDUUDQGRGHOLQWHULRUKDFLDFLHUWRVREMHWRVKD ¿QHQGRDOPDQLFRPLR/HRQRUD&DUULQJWRQULHVFHDQ 6DUWUHWUDWDGHFRUFRVHU8QVLJORTXHDQXQFLD©el FKLRVVHUYDDXQDHVSUHVVLRQHVLPEROLFDFKHQRQHQWUD FLDXQRVREMHWRVTXHDSHQDVHQXQFLDQORTXHIXHURQ FRUDDGDUULYDUHD1HZ<RUNHRUPDLDPDQWHDEEDQ KRPEUHQXHYRªSDUDTXHXQDLQJOHVLWDGHGLHFLQXHYH LQFRQWUDGGL]LRQHFRQTXHOOHLQWHUSUHWD]LRQLDEEDVWDQ]D HQDOJ~QPRPHQWRODFiQXODKRVSLWDODULDODSDODEUD GRQDWDDUDJJLXQJHUHLOJUXSSRGLHVLOLDWLLQ0HVVLFR DxRVVHIXJXHD3DUtVFRQ0D[(UQVW\DVLVWDDOGHV DOHDWRULHGDFRQLXJDUVLFRQO¶HVSHULHQ]DHFRQODYRORQWj FiQXOD FRPR VLQpFGRTXH GH WRUWXUD OD IRWR GH XQD LOVXUUHDOLVPRHODVDOYH]]D'LQXRYROD&DUULQJWRQVL PHPEUDPLHQWRGHORTXHYHQVXVRMRVKDVWDDFDEDU GLFKLOLFRQWHPSODDWWRQLWRPDWUDPXWDQGRVLTXHOO¶LVWDQWH FiQXODSRUHMHPSOR8QRVREMHWRVTXHVHDEUHQGHVGH LQFRQWUDFRO6HFRORFRQLOIHPPLQLVPRFRQODVIHUDGR HQHOPDQLFRPLR/HRQRUD&DUULQJWRQFRQVLJXHD~Q GLUHVSLURYLWDOHLQXQYXRWRDELWDWRGDOFLzFKHGDTXDO ODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHGHVXIXQFLyQ\GHVXUHSUHVHQWD PHVWLFDFRPHDOOHJRULDGLSUDWLFKHPDJLFKHFRPHVSD]L OOHJDUD1XHYD<RUN\\DFRPRDPDQWHGHMDGDDOFDQ FKHSDUWHFRVWLWXLVFHLOQRVWURLPPDJLQDULRGLPRUWHOD FLyQWLHQHTXLHQREVHUYDDVXH[SUHVLyQVLPEyOLFD GLOXVVRSHULOUHEXVSHUOHHYRFD]LRQLPLWRORJLFKHGHOOD ]DUHOFtUFXORGHOH[LOLRHQ0p[LFRHOVXUUHDOLVPR\OD SHUGLWDÊXQRGHLPRPHQWLSLQRWLHFRPPHQWDWLGHOOD VLQ HQWUDU HQ FRQWUDGLFFLyQ FRQ VLJQL¿FDGRV OR VX¿ VXDFXOWXUDGLSURYLQFLDHFHOWLFDSHUODFXFLQDHODVXD VDOYDFLyQ 9XHOYH OD &DUULQJWRQ D HQFRQWUDUVH FRQ VXDSURSRVWD0DLQTXHVWDRFFDVLRQHRJJHWWRGHOODQH FLHQWHPHQWH DOHDWRULRV SDUD FRQMXJDUVH FRQ OD H[ PLHQWRODORFXUDHOGRORU«SHURWRGRORTXHQRVWUDH JD]LRQHGLYHQWDVROWDQWRXQSLFFRORUXPRUHGLIRQGR,O SHULHQFLD \ FRQ OD TXHUHQFLD GH OD SHUVRQD TXH ORV IUDVDULRHVSUHVVLYRULPDQGDDQHVVLFRQDOWULDXWRULFKH FRQWHPSODHQSDVPRGHVYDQHFLHQGRHVHLQVWDQWHGH KDQQRSHUWHPDLOGRORUHHFKHFRQVpDGGXUUHEEHURDW DOLHQWRYLWDOHQXQYDFtRSREODGRSRUORTXHDOJXUHV PRVIHUHLUUHVSLUDELOLGLIRJOLHPRUWLIHUHGLHVFKHGLUH FRQVWLWX\HQXHVWURLPDJLQDULRGHPXHUWHODSpUGLGD VLQHVHO¶HQIDQWVRUFLqUHQRQDYHVVHGHYLDWRLQXQOXFLGR (VXQDGHODVIDVHVPiVFRQRFLGDV\FRPHQWDGDVGH WRXUGHIRUFHOHDOLGHOO¶DQLPDYHUVRODVHGX]LRQHFKH VX SURSXHVWD 3HUR HQ HVWD RFDVLyQ HO REMHWR GH OD HVHUFLWDQRFLzFKHqGLDIDQRODWUDVSDUHQ]DO¶DPELHQWH QHJDFLyQSDVDDVHUWDQVyORXQSHTXHxRUXLGRDP FKHFLDFFRJOLHLQTXHVWDPRVWUD ELHQWDO(OJLUROLQJtVWLFRQRVFRQGXFHDOLJiPHQHV FRQRWURVFXHUSRVDXWRUDOHVTXHWLHQHQVXWHUULWRULR ,Q TXHVWD PRVWUD FKH GHFLGLDPR LQTXDGUDUH GDOO¶DW SUHQGLGRDOGHOGRORU\TXHWUDHUtDQFRQVLJRXQDDW PRVIHUDFRPH¿JXUDHVSUHVVLYDLQVRVWLWXLELOHQHOO¶HV PyVIHUDLUUHVSLUDEOHGHKRMDVPRUWtIHUDVGHDQ]XH SHULHQ]DDUWLVWLFDVLFXUDPHQWH3DORPDVLFLUFRQGDGL ORVGHUHVLQDVVLl’enfant sorcièreQRKXELHVHDWUDtGR FRPSOLFLFKHFLDYYLFLQDQRDOODVXDLQWHQ]LRQHXOWLPDGL en un lucido tour de force ODV DODV GHO DOPD KDFLD UDFFRQWDUVLGLHVSRUVLDJOLDOWULGLFRQGLYLGHUHFRQQRL ODVHGXFFLyQTXHHMHUFHORGLiIDQRODWUDQVSDUHQFLD O¶LJQRWRHDSDUWLUHGDOO¶DQJHORGHOOD6WRULDFKHODVFLDSHU HO DPELHQWH TXH QRV DFRJH HQ ORV HVFHQDULRV GH OD VHPSUHLOIRFRODUHSHUGLYHQWDUHDUWLVWDVHQ]DSHUPHW ([SRVLFLyQ%LEOLRWHFD WHUHFKHVLFDQFHOOLLOVXRSDWULPRQLRGLJHQHUHLOIHP PLQLOHGLGHVLGHULRODFUHD]LRQHGLPDWHULDDPDWRULD (QHVWDPXHVWUDTXHGHFLGLPRVREVHUYDUGHVGHODDW O¶DXUDGHOYLFLQRORQWDQRGLVLOHQ]LR3DORPDVLFLUFRQGD PyVIHUD FRPR ¿JXUD H[SUHVLYD ²LQVXVWLWXLEOH HQ OD GHOOD6WRUQLHGHOOD:RROIWUDJOLDOWULHOHDOWUHVLFLU SUiFWLFDDUWtVWLFD²HVFLHUWRTXH3DORPDVHURGHDGH FRQGDGHOODPDWHULDIUDJLOHGHOO¶LPPDJLQDULRFKHVLFRV FyPSOLFHV TXH QRV DSUR[LPDQ D VX LQWHQFLyQ ~OWLPD WUXLVFHVFRPSRQHQGROHFHUWH]]HGHOSURFHVVRVWRULFR GHUHODWDUVHGHH[SRQHUVHDORVRWURVGHFRPSDUWLU HFRQOHVXHGLWDLOWDWWRFRVuLPSRUWDQWHODWHVVLWXUD OR GHVFRQRFLGR FRQ QRVRWURV \ GHVGH HO iQJHO GH OD ODOXFHFKHVRWWRPHWWHODIHVVXUDSHUFXLODTXDOHDF +LVWRULDTXHDEDQGRQDGH¿QLWLYDPHQWHHOKRJDUSDUD FHGLDPRDOPHUDYLJOLRVRWHVVHXQFOLPDQHOTXDOHULFR KDFHUVHDUWLVWDVLQGHMDUTXHVHGHVGLEXMHVXFDXGDO QRVFHUVLFRQFRVHHVSOLFLWHFKHQHOWHPSRULEDGLVFRQR GHJpQHURORIHPHQLQRGHGHVHRODFUHDFLyQGH ODORURIXQ]LRQHHODULSHWL]LRQHGHLORURYDORUL3HUFKp PDWHULDDPDWRULDHODXUDGHORSUy[LPROHMDQRGH LQ RJQL RSHUD LO FOLPD q TXDQWR GL SL FRQYHQ]LRQDOH VLOHQFLR3DORPDVHURGHDGHOD6WRUQL\OD:RROIHQWUH TXDQWRGLSLUHJRODPHQWDWRFLzFKHULWRUQDDOSXQWRGL RWURV\RWUDVVHURGHDFRQODPDWHULDIUiJLOGHOLPDJL SDUWHQ]DTXDQGR¿QLVFHLOJLRFRLOFRUSRFKHVLFRSUH QDULRTXHVHFRQVWUX\HGHVFRPSRQLHQGRODVFHUWH]DV GHOSURFHVRKLVWyULFR\FRQVXVGHGRV²HOWDFWRWDQ ( RJQL HOHPHQWR FL SUHSDUD DO FRLQYROJLPHQWR GHOO¶DW LPSRUWDQWHODWH[WXUDODOX]TXHVHVRPHWHODUHQ PRVIHUDHVSUHVVLYDFKHFDUDWWHUL]]DLOUDSSRUWRFRQOH GLMDSRUODTXHDFFHGHPRVDORPDUDYLOORVR²WHMHXQ RSHUHGL3DORPD1DYDUHVHGqQHOO¶RWWHQLPHQWRGLTXHVWD FOLPDHQHOTXHUHFRQRFHUQRVFRQFRVDVH[SOtFLWDVTXH DWPRVIHUDFKHVLFUHDXQXQLYHUVRGLPHGLD]LRQHWHQXH SHUVLVWHQDORODUJRGHOWLHPSRHQVXIXQFLyQ\HQOD WUDO¶DXWULFHO¶RSHUDHODSHUVRQDFKHO¶RVVHUYD&RPHOR UHSHWLFLyQGHVXYDORU3RUTXHHQWRGDREUDHOFOLPDHV VFKHUPRQHOODVDODFRPHLOOHQ]XRORGLSHUFDOOHVXOOHWWR ORPiVFRQYHQFLRQDOORPiVUHJODGRORTXHUHWRUQD FRPHO¶HUEDUDVDGHQWURLOPXVHR DOSXQWRGHSDUWLGDDOFRQFOXLUHOMXHJRHOFXHUSRTXH VHDEULJD ÊTXDQGRDUULYDXQDVWXGLRVDGHOO¶DWPRVIHUDFLQHPDWR JUD¿FD,QrV*LOHPLWUDVPHWWHLOGXEELRVXOOHIRUPHFKH <FDGDHOHPHQWRQRVSUHSDUDSDUDHQYROYHUQRVHQOD $O¿OR$6\OYLD3ODWK TXHVWDSRVVDDFTXLVLUHFRPH6HUUHVPLKDDLXWDWRD¿V DWPyVIHUDH[SUHVLYDTXHFDUDFWHUL]DODUHODFLyQFRQODV (VFXOWXUDGHOX][[FP5HVLQDGHSROLpVWHUWLQWDVREUHPHWDFULODWRSDQWDOODGHOX]OX]ÀRXUHVFHQWHEODQFD VDUHODPDQLHUDGLWURYDUHDQJHOLQHLQDVWULWUDVSRUWDWRUL SLH]DVGH3DORPD1DYDUHV\HVHQODFRQVHFXFLyQGH 'HOO¶$QLPDKDLQL]LDWRLOVXRSHUFRUVRPHVLIDLQXQD REVHUYD3DORPD1DYDUHVFUHHHQODFDSDFLGDGFRJQL GHJOLDHURSRUWLSHUHVHPSLR(GqVWDWRFRVuFKHqVWDWR GHWHUPLQDGDDWPyVIHUDGRQGHVHFUHDXQXQLYHUVRGH ELEOLRWHFD SXEEOLFD SHUFKp OD ELEOLRWHFD q XQR GL TXHL WLYDGHODLPDJLQDFLyQUHWRPDODVWHRUtDVGHOFXHUSR PHVVDLQFULVLLOPLRFRQYLQFLPHQWRFKHTXHVWDDWPRVIHUD PHGLDFLyQWHQXHHQWUHODDXWRUDODREUD\ODSHUVRQD OXRJKLGLTXHOOHDJRUjGRYHDQGLDPRSHURJQLLQFRQWUR HQODPHQWHQRVDOODQDHOFDPLQRSDUDLQVHUWDUQRVHQ IRVVHXQGpMjYXXQGRQRSUH]LRVRPDDFFHVVLELOHFKH TXHREVHUYD&RPRODSDQWDOODHQODVDODFRPRODVi SHUFKpqO¶LQWHUVWL]LRFKHSHUFRUURQRHULSHUFRUURQRJOL VXUHODWRDWUDYpVGHODUHVSXHVWDGHODFDGHQFLDTXH GLSHQGHYDGDOO¶DXWRUHGDOODVXDEUDYXUDQHOIDUPHODYH EDQDGHSHUFDOHQHOOHFKRFRPRODKLHUEDUDVDGHQWUR DQJHOLVRSUDWWXWWRGRSR/H$OLGHOGHVLGHULRGL:HQGHUV PRGXODHOYDLYpQGHODOLHQWRGHODUpSOLFDGHSDOSDUOR GHUH2UDVRFKHGLSHQGHGDOO¶LQWHQVLWjFXLLRVLDSUHGLV GHO0XVHR HSHUFKpLOORURQDVFRQGHUVLWUDLSDHVDJJLKDSODVPDWRL DSHQDVHQXQFLDGRHQHVWDDVXHUWHGHGDQ]DGHmise- WXRLWHUULWRULLQFRQÀLWWR3DORPDODVFLDQGRULÀHWWHUHQHO en-scèneGHFRPSRQHUFRQLPiJHQHV\FRQFRQWHQLGRV SRVWDQHOO¶DWWRGHOYHGHUHFKHQRQqXQULVXOWDWRPDXQ DJHQWHQHOODFRVWUX]LRQHGLFLzFKHFKLDPLDPRVHQVLELOLWj (QWRQFHVOOHJDXQDHVWXGLRVDGHODDWPyVIHUDItOPLFD ORURVSHFFKLRWUDVOXFLGRLFRGLFLGLFRORUHODOXFHORVSD OLWHUDULRVHVHHQLJPDTXHWUDQV¿HUHSDUDHOREMHWRDU LOFKHYXROGLUHO¶DWPRVIHUDF¶HVWPRLOD¿FWLRQF¶HVWPRL ,QrV*LO\PHWUDVODGDODGXGDHQWRUQRDORVPRGRV ]LRODWHQWHFKHWXWRFFKLLQRJQLLQVWDOOD]LRQHLOYHWUR WtVWLFRODH[SUHVLyQ\ODFRPXQLFDFLyQFRPRVLHVWDEOH VHQWHQ]Lz*RGDUGFRLQYROJHQGRPLFRQRJQLPDWHULDOH TXHpVWDSXHGDDGTXLULUDOLJXDOTXH6HUUHVPHD\XGy FRQODIRUPDFRQLOFRORUHFRQODOXFHLQPRYLPHQWR D¿MDUODPDQHUDGHHQFRQWUDUiQJHOHVHQODVFLQWDV $OWUHWWDQWRODWHQWHqODFLWWjGL&RPSRVWHODGDOODTXDOH FRQLOFRUSRFRQLOGLVSRVLWLYRWHFQLFRFKHVWDELOLVFRQR GHWUDQVSRUWHGHORVDHURSXHUWRVSRUHMHPSOR<IXH WLVFULYRXQDGLTXHOOHFLWWjFKHWLFDUSLVFHFKHUHVWDD Del alma heridaFRPHQ]yVXDQGDGXUDPHVHVDWUiVHQ QHVVLHVSUHVVLYLHFRPXQLFDWLYLQHOODIDWWXUDGLRJQLRSHUD DVtFRPRVHWDPEDOHyPLFUHHQFLDHQTXHODDWPyV ERFFDDSHUWDFKHWUDVPHWWHGLERFFDLQERFFDJOLVWLPROL XQDELEOLRWHFDS~EOLFDSRUTXHODELEOLRWHFDHVXQRGH G¶DUWH fera era un dejà vuXQDSUHQGDUDUDSHURDFFHVLEOH SLGLYHUVLFKHqDWWHQWDDFLzFKHDSSDUHHVFRPSDUH HVRVOXJDUHVGHHVDViJRUDVDODTXHDFXGLPRVSDUD TXHGHSHQGtDGHODXWRUGHVXSHULFLDHQKDFpUPHOD HGRYHVHVHJXRO¶LQVHJQDPHQWRGL0LFKHO6HUUHVWURYR FDGDHQFXHQWURSRUTXHHVHOLQWHUVWLFLRTXHDQGDQ\ , PDQXDOL SDUODQR GL FOLPD HPR]LRQDOH UHVWD TXLQGL YHU$KRUDVpTXHGHSHQGHGHODLQWHQVLGDGDTXHHVWp FRQIDFLOLWjDOFXQLWLSLGLDQJHOLWUDVIRUPDWLLQÀXVVLLQVL GHVDQGDQORViQJHOHVVREUHWRGRGHVGHLas alas del DSHUWDODSRUWDDOO¶DVVDSRUDUHXQDSRVVLELOLWjGLVHGX GLVSXHVWDHQHODFWRGHYHUTXHQRHVXQUHVXOWDGRVL ELORLQFDORUHLQOXFHGLSRQHQWHRLQTXHOODGL%HUHQJXHOD deseoGH:HQGHUV\SRUTXHVXGLVLPXORHQWUHSDVDMHV ]LRQHGLODVFLDUWLWUDVSRUWDUHYHUVRDFTXHQHOOHTXDOLWX QRXQRSHUDGRUHQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHORTXHOODPDPRV DWWUDYHUVRODIRVFKLD4XHVWDSUHVHQ]DODWHQWHVLPDQL PROGHyWXVWHUULWRULRVHQWHQVLyQ3DORPDGHMDQGRTXH VLPEROHJJLTXHOGHVLGHULRGLWUDVSDUHQ]DGHOSLFFRORED VHQVLELOLGDGTXHHQUHVXPHQODDWPyVIHUDc’est moi IHVWDLQFLWWjGDOFOLPDYDULDELOHSDVVDQRDOODYHORFLWjGHO SDVHQSRUVXHVSHMRWUDVO~FLGRORVFyGLJRVGHFRORUOD JDJOLRFKHVFLYRODGHOODWXDLQQRFHQ]DODLFD3HUFKpOH ²©OD¿FWLRQF¶HVWPRLªVROWy*RGDUG²LPSOLFiQGRPH SHQVLHURVWDELOLVFRQRQHVVLKDQQRJUDQGHFDSDFLWjQHOOR OX]HOHVSDFLRODWHQWHTXHWLHQWDVHQFDGDLQVWDODFLyQ HPR]LRQLVLSHUPHWWRQRVLSHUGRQDQRVLFRPSUHQGRQR FRQ FDGD PDWHULDO FRQ OD IRUPD HO FRORU OD OX] HQ VFHJOLHUHLORURVFHQDULOHVFDOHLPHFFDQLVPLJOLVFDIIDOL HOYLGULR VRORQHOFDVRLQFXLFRPSRUWLQRXQDGRVHGLGRORUHGL PRYLPLHQWRHOFXHUSRHOGLVSRVLWLYRWpFQLFRTXHHV GHOOHELEOLRWHFKH«HTXDQGRVLUHQGRQRYLVLELOLTXDQGRVL FROSDGLFDVWLJRGLDXWRSXQL]LRQH0D3DORPDQRQYXROH WDEOHFHQOD]RVH[SUHVLYRV\FRPXQLFDWLYRVHQODFRP ODVFLDQRULFRQRVFHUHGDOOHDOLDVVXPRQRXQUXROREHQGH &RPR HV ODWHQWH OD FLXGDG GH &RPSRVWHOD GHVGH OD ODPRUWHHSHUFRQIURQWDUVLFRQLOVXRNRVWDWULSUHQGH SRVLFLyQGHFDGDSLH]D ¿QLWRHIXQ]LRQDOHJOLDQJHOLFRQJOLRFFKLDOLGHOODFKLHVDGL TXH WH HVFULER XQD GH HVDV FLXGDGHV TXH VRQVDFD 7UDV6DORPpSHUIDUVDSHUHFKH'LRDFFHWWDFKHXVLDPR TXHSHUPDQHFHERTXLDELHUWDTXHKDFHFLUFXODUERFD GHJOLH[YRWRRJJHWWLGRORURVLVSD]LVXFXLVLVRYUDS FLpUDPRVXQiPELWRHQHWHUQRSUHVHQWH SRQHODPHPRULD3DORPD1DYDUHVVLUDFFRQWDGLQXRYR /RVPDQXDOHVKDEODQGHFOLPDHPRFLRQDO\TXHGDOD JOLRFFKLDOLJOLDQJHOLWR]]LHGDLFDSHOOLQHULSHUFKpVRV D ERFD ORV PHQVDMHV PiV GLYHUVRV TXH HVWi DWHQWD LQTXHVWDVXDGLI¿FROWjGLUHOD]LRQHVHQVRULDOHFRQFLz SXHUWDDELHUWDSDUDFLHUWRSDODGHRGHXQDSRVLELOLGDG WHQJRQRJOLDOWDULLFKHUXELQLURPDQWLFLGHOOHDXOHPDJQH DORTXHDSDUHFH\GHVDSDUHFH\GRQGH²VLVLJRODV FKHQDWXUDOPHQWHFLYLHQHGDWRULFRGL¿FDWHVWLULXQLVFH GHVHGXFFLyQGHGHMDUWHOOHYDUKDFLDODVDJXDVHQODV HO¶RUDGHOO¶DQJHOXVTXDQGRVLULSRVDSHUSDXVDSUDQ]RDI HQVHxDQ]DVGH0LFKHO6HUUHV²HQFXHQWURFRQIDFLOLGDG LOVRJJHWWRFRQODVXDLPPHGLDWH]]DJHOLGDFRQLOVXR TXHVLPEROL]DVHVHGHVHRGHWUDVSDUHQFLDGHOSHTXHxR ¿QFKpO¶DQJHORGHOFRPPHUFLRO¶HOPHWWRDODWRGL0HUFXULR DOJXQDVFODVHVGHiQJHOHVWUDQVIRUPDGRVHQÀXMRVHQ GLVLQWHUHVVHFRQLOVXRVWUDQLDPHQWRHYXROHOLEHUDUH EROVR TXH UHVEDOD GH WX LQRFHQFLD ODLFD 3RUTXH ODV HQWULQHOODFLWWj VLOERHQFDORUHQODOX]GHSRQLHQWHRHQODGH%H O¶HVSUHVVLRQHPHGLDQWHO¶DUWHIDWWRXQDUWHIDWWRFKHqDQ HPRFLRQHVVHFRQVLHQWHQVHSHUGRQDQVHFRPSUHQGHQ FKHSDUWHGHLSHUFRUVLFKHODSHUVRQDLQWUDSUHQGHUjFRQ VLHPSUHTXHFRQOOHYHQXQDGRVLVGHGRORUGHFXOSD /D¿FWLRQF¶HVWPRL«O¶DWPRVIHUDFKHPLSHUPHWWHGL VHPDQL¿HVWDHQFLXGDGHVGHFOLPDYDULDEOHSDVDQD O¶DXWULFH3DORPD1DYDUHVFUHGHQHOODFDSDFLWjFRJQLWLYD GHFDVWLJRGHDXWRSXQLFLyQ3HUR3DORPDQRTXLHUHOD JRGHUHGHOODVXFFHVVLYDLQYHQ]LRQHDWWUDYHUVRODWXD ODYHORFLGDGGHOSHQVDPLHQWRHVWDEOHFHQFRQH[LRQHV GHOO¶LPPDJLQD]LRQHULSUHQGHOHWHRULHGHOFRUSRQHOOD PXHUWH\SDUDHQIUHQWDUVHDVXkostatUHWRPDH[YRWRV SURSRVWD'HOO¶$QLPD$QFK¶LRVWRPHWWHQGRDSRVWROH WLHQHQJUDQWLQRSDUDHVFRJHUVXVHVFHQDULRVODVHV PHQWHFLVSLDQDODYLDSHULQVHULUFLQHOVXRUDFFRQWRDW REMHWRVGRORURVRVHVSDFLRVHQORVTXHVHVREUHLPSUH PLH FDVHOOH 3DOPD LO PLR UHSHUWRULR GL VDSRUL FRPH FDOHUDVORVDUWLOXJLRVGHWUDQVSRUWHORVHVWDQWHVGH WUDYHUVRODULVSRVWDODFDGHQ]DFKHPRGXODLOYLDYDLGHO VLRQDODPHPRULD3DORPD1DYDUHVVHUHFXHQWDHQHVD O¶DPDUH]]DGLXQGROFHVFRQRVFLXWR$QFKHLRPLYHGR ODVELEOLRWHFDV«\FXDQGRVHKDFHQYLVLEOHVFXDQGR UHVSLURODUHSOLFDLOSDOSDUHFLzFKHqDSSHQDHQXQFLDWR GL¿FXOWDGVX\DGHUHODFLyQVHQVRULDOFRQDTXHOORTXH REEOLJDWDDPHWWHUHDSRVWRWXWWLLULWXDOLSHUULQWUDF GHMDQTXHORVUHFRQR]FDPRVSRUODVDODVDVXPHQXQ LQTXHVWDVSHFLHGLGDQ]DGLPLVHHQVFqQHFRPSRUUH QDWXUDOPHQWHVHQRVGDUHFRGL¿FDWH[WRVUH~QHHOVX FLDUHODSHUGLWD3HUWRFFDUHLIDOOLPHQWLFKHKDQQRIDWWR URO ELHQ GH¿QLGR \ IXQFLRQDO ORV iQJHOHV FRQ JDIDV FRQLPPDJLQLHFRQFRQWHQXWLOHWWHUDULTXHVWRHQLJPD MHWRFRQVXLQPHGLDWH]JpOLGDFRQVXGHVDSHJRFRQVX GLQRLDOWUH(GqLQTXHVWRLVWDQWHFKHODPDOLQFRQLDVL GHODLJOHVLDGH7UDV6DORPpSDUDDGYHUWLUTXH'LRV FKHWUDVIHULVFHQHOO¶RJJHWWRDUWLVWLFRO¶HVSUHVVLRQHHOD H[WUDxDPLHQWR\TXLHUHOLEHUDUODH[SUHVLyQPHGLDQWH WUDVIHULVFHYHUVRFLzFKHSHUFDSLUFLFKLDPLDPRHVSH DFHSWDTXHXWLOLFHPRVJDIDVORViQJHOHVUHFKRQFKRV FRPXQLFD]LRQHFRPHVHVWDELOLVVLPRXQDPELWRLQHWHUQR HODUWHIDFWRXQDUWHIDFWRTXHHVWDPELpQSDUWHGHORV ULHQ]DDUWLVWLFD \GHFDEHOORQHJURSRUTXHVXVWHQWDQORVDOWDUHVORV SUHVHQWH FDPLQRVTXHFRQODDXWRUDUHFRUUHUiODSHUVRQDTXH UHQJXHODSRUHQWUHODQHEOLQD(VWDSUHVHQFLDODWHQWH TXHUXELQHVURPiQWLFRVGHORVSDUDQLQIRV\ODKRUDGHO DQJHOXVFXDQGRVHGHVFDQVDSDUDWRPDUODVGRFH\ SDUDTXHHOiQJHOGHOFRPHUFLRODFR¿DDODGDGH0HU FXULRHQWUHSRUODFLXGDG /D¿FWLRQF¶HVWPRL«/DDWPyVIHUDTXHPHSHUPLWHHO JRFHGHORSUy[LPRIDEXODGRDWUDYpVGHWXSURSXHVWD Del alma herida<RWDPELpQHVWR\RUGHQDQGRPLVFDML WDV3DORPDPLUHSHUWRULRGHVDERUHVFRPRHODPDUJRU GHXQGXOFHGHVFRQRFLGR<RWDPELpQPHYHRREOLJDGD DRUGHQDUORVULWXDOHVSDUDHQFRQWUDUODKXHOODGHOD SpUGLGD3DUDWRFDUODVTXLHEUDVTXHIXHURQKDFLHQGR GHQRVRWUDVRWUDV<HVHQHVHLQVWDQWHFXDQGRODPH ODQFROtDVHWUDQV¿HUHKDFLDORTXHSDUDHQWHQGHUQRV OODPDPRVH[SHULHQFLDDUWtVWLFD Referencias +HFRQWDGRFRQ5RODQG%DUWKHV\VXVFragmentos de un discurso amorosoHO&DOYLQRGHSeis propuestas para el próximo milenio\VLHPSUHHOGHColezione di sabbia-XOLD.ULVWHYDHQ Extranjeros de sí mismosORVHVWXGLRVGH,QrV*LOVREUHLa DWPyVIHUDFRPR¿JXUDItOPLFD6XVDQD$OEHUWKHQSurrealismo, alquimia y arte&LSULDQR-LPpQH]\VXVFRUUHRVGHVJD MDQGRODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHHOYtQFXORODVHSDUDFLyQODSpUGLGD TXH DSUHQGLy GHVGH -RKQ %RZOE\ (O SODFHU GHO UHFXHUGR GH XQD PHVD UHGRQGD TXH FRPSDUWt HQ %DUFHORQD FRQ 3DORPD HQODTXHWHQtDPRVTXHKDEODUGH0LJXHO5tR%UDQFR\HQOD TXHQRVDODUJDPRVFRQYHUVDQGRVREUHHOFyPR\HOPRGRGH QDUUDUQRVDQRVRWUDVPLVPDV<FODURDOJXQRVGHPLVWH[WRV Brizo de agua. VREUH 9LUJLQLD :RROI VREUH HO FXHUSR VREUH OD PXMHU HQ OD 9tGHRHVFXOWXUDVRQRUD[[FP&ROXPQDGHPHWDFULODWRPRQLWRU¶¶OHFWRUGHYtGHR FRPXQLFDFLyQ 9tGHR¶¶EXFOH Cunas de agua, Casa de cristal Cunas de agua, CasaCasa de cristalres Cunas de agua, de cristal Culle di de acqua, Casa dide cristallo Cunas agua, Casa cristal Al amanecer$(UQVW0HLVWHU El atardecer.$$UWKXU&UDYDQ [FP)RWRJUDItDPHWDFULODWRVLOLFRQD [FP)RWRJUDItDPHWDFULODWRVLOLFRQD )RWRJUDItD[FP [FP)RWRJUDItDPHWDFULODWRVLOLFRQD Viento del oeste. $3HUF\6KHOOHU A Virginia Woolf. Las olas. 2002 Caracola. [[FP2EMHWR &RQFKDPDULQDQDFDUDGDSDSHOGHFHORIiQFDOLJUD¿DGR Dolor,3RHPDGH$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL Cuna de agua. La perla.$$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL [ [FP9tGHR3UR\HFWRUFRQPiVFDUDFRQFKDWHUFLRSHOR Mar del plata. Alma desnuda. $$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL Mar del plata. $$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL 9tGHR¶¶¶)UDJPHQWRGHOSRHPDAlma desnudaGH$6WRUQL 9tGHRSUR\HFFLyQVRQRUD9tGHRSUR\HFWRUOHFWRUGHYtGHR Mar del plata, casa de cristal$$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL Mar del plata, casa de cristal$$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL 9tGHR%ODQFR\QHJUR¶¶¶ 9tGHRSUR\HFFLyQVRQRUDYtGHRSUR\HFWRUOHFWRUGHYtGHR El pozo de la soledad'H0DUJXHULWH5DGFOLIIH+DOOD9DUJLQLD:RROI El pozo de la soledad'H0DUJXHULWH5DGFOLIIH+DOOD9LUJLQLD:RROI 9tGHRLQVWDODFLyQVRQRUDHVSDFLRJULV[[FP9tGHR&ROXPQD[[FPPRQLWRU¶¶OHFWRUGHYtGHR 9tGHR¶¶¶)UDJPHQWRGHEl pozo de la soledad. Playa de Almadraba. Costa de Mera. $7DNDGD7RVKLNR Playa de Almadraba. $7DNDGD7RVKLNR 9tGHR¶¶¶ 9tGHRHVFXOWXUDVRQRUD&ROXPQDGHPHWDFULODWR[[FPPRQLWRU¶¶OHFWRUGHYtGHR Playa de la Almadraba 2. $7DNDGD7RVKLNR )RWRJUDItD[FP Cuna de agua. Ouse River. GHPDU]RGH /D6HxRUD'DOORZD\2UODQGR+DELWDFLyQSURSLD /DV2ODV7KH&RPPRQ5HDGHU Cuna de agua. Ouse River. $9LUJLQLD:RROI 9tGHR¶ Cantos rodados, viaje a la memoria Cantosviaje rodados, Viaje a la memoria Cantos rodados, a la memoria Angoli arrotondati, memoria Cantos rodados,Viaggio viaje a nella la memoria Viaje a la memoria. 2005 3HOtFXOD'EDVDGDHQHO3UR\HFWRGHYtGHRLQVWDODFLyQVRQRUD Viaje a la memoria. [[FP9DULDEOH3DSHOIRWRJUi¿FRDGKHVLYRSUR\HFWRUHV'9'SUR\HFWRUGHGLDSRVLWLYDV )RWRJUDPDVGHODSHOtFXOD'UHSUHVHQWDQGRHOHVSDFLRLQWHULRU ¡Qué desolación puso en el corazón triste quien situó la tierra y la rueda celeste! ¡Cuántos bucles de almizcle y labios de rubí ha enterrado en el cuenco y el tambor de la tierra! )UDJPHQWRGH5REDL\\DW Cantos rodados, de la memoria. $2PDU-D\\DP (VFULWRHQWUHORVVLJORV;,\;,, )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH Cantos rodados, de los sueños.$&DUO-XQJ )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH a: sara teasdale maría poliduri marina tsvetaeva alfonsina storni alejandra pizarnik sylvia plath virginia woolf ana cristina césar delmira agostini antonia pozzi caroline von gunderode florbela espanca sor juana inés de la cruz anne frank camille claudel El alma herida. )RWRJUDItD[FP El bany. Canto rodado. El bany.$9LULJLQLD:RROI 9tGHR¶¶¶ 9tGHRHVFXOWXUD9tGHRFDQWRURGDGR[[FPYDULOODGHDFHURSUR\HFWRUOHFWRUGHYtGHR 100 101 a: anne sexton anne frank sylvia plath virginia woolf ana cristina césar sor juana inés de la cruz alejandra pizarnik Del Alma herida. 2EMHWR[[FP)RWRJUDItDHQFDSVXODGDOXSD(GLFLyQGH 102 Piedra de la locura. 2EMHWR[[FP3LHGUDOXSD (VFXOWXUD[[FP)RWRJUDItDGXUDFOHDU~WLOHVGHSHVFDPHWDFULODWRDFHUR(GLFLyQGH Cantos rodados. $9LUJLQLD:RROI Cantos rodados. ,QVWDODFLyQ[[FP9DULDEOH)RWRJUDItDGXUDFOHDU~WLOHVGHSHVFDPHWDFULODWRDFHUR(GLFLyQGH a: arthur cravan alfonsina storni percy sheller ernst meister 110 111 Breve propedeutica del vedere Breve propedéutica del ver 0DULH/LQGH2UWHJD 0DULH/LQGD2UWHJD ©,OYHGHUHVLYHUL¿FDQHOGLVSRUVLDYHGHUHELVRJQDRVVHUvare, e ciò determina un fermo che il linguaggio comune FRJOLH©*XDUGDXQSR¶VH«ªFKHYXROGLUHIHUPDWLHULÀHWWL osserva di nuovo e nel contempo osservati, se ciò è possibile. […] Colui che osserva è innanzi tutto un cieco che non può vedere se stesso. Dunque tenta sempre di vedersi quando osserva e, nel contempo, si sente visto: visto e osservato da esseri…» El ver se da en un disponerse a ver: hay que mirar y ello determina una detención que el lenguaje usual recoge: «mira DYHUVL«ªORTXHTXLHUHGHFLUGHWHQWH\UHÀH[LRQDYXHOYHD mirar y mírate a la par, si es que es posible. […] El que mira es por lo pronto un ciego que no puede verse a sí mismo. Y así busca siempre verse cuando mira, y al par se siente visto: visto y mirado por seres… 0DUtD=DPEUDQRClaros del bosque, ©/RVRMRVGHODQRFKHª 0DUtD=DPEUDQRClaros del bosque, ©/RVRMRVGHODQRFKHª $QFKHVHVLWUDWWDGLLQL]LDUHGDOOD¿QH3DORPD1DYDUHV $XQTXHVHDHPSH]DUSRUHO¿QDO3DORPD1DYDUHVFXDO FRPH0LQHUYD &RQJOLRFFKLDSHUWLFRQJOLRFFKLFKLXVL 0LQHUYD1 &RQORVRMRVDELHUWRVFRQORVRMRVFHUUDGRV FRQJOLRFFKLEHQGDWLTXDQWRSLRVVHUYLDPRWDQWRSL FRQORVRMRVYHQGDGRV\FXDQWRPiVPLUDPRVPiVYH YHGLDPRVRORFLzFKHRVVHUYLDPRVHQ]DYHGHUHVHQ]D PRVWDQVyORORTXHPLUDPRVVLQYHUVLQVDEHUKDVWD VDSHUH¿QRDGDFFHWWDUHLOPDOHVVHUHGHOQRVWURYH DFHSWDUHOPDOHVWDUGHQXHVWURYHUWDQDSHJDGRDODV GHUHFRVuDQFRUDWRDOO¶HYLGHQ]DDOOHDSSDUHQ]H HYLGHQFLDVDODVDSDULHQFLDV $WWUDYHUVRLOPHWDFULODWRODWUDVSDUHQ]DGHOFULVWDOORR $WUDYpVGHOPHWDFULODWRWUDQVSDUHQFLDGHOFULVWDOROXSD ODOHQWHG¶LQJUDQGLPHQWRFLYLHQHFKLHVWR¿QDOPHQWH GHDXPHQWRVHQRVSLGHTXHSRU¿QQRVTXLWHPRVODV GLWRJOLHUFLLSDUDRFFKLSHUPHWWHUHLQGLVFXVVLRQHSHU DQWHRMHUDVSDUDFXHVWLRQDUKXUJDUFRQFUXHOGDGHQOR FXULRVDUH FRQ FUXGHOWj LQ TXDQWR RVVHUYLDPR VHQ]D TXHPLUDPRVVLQYHUDQHVWHVLDGRVFRPRHVWDPRVSRU YHGHUHDQHVWHWL]]DWLFRPHVLDPRGDOORVFKHUPRGHOOD ODSDQWDOODGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQRSRUODGHOSHFKRGH UDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHRGDTXHOORGHOVHQRGL/XFUH]LDGL /XFUHFLD-XGLWKR(YDOOiPHQODFRPRJXVWHQRGLJDQ *LXGLWWDRGL(YDGLXQDGRQQDLQVRPPDVFHJOLHWHYRL VLPSOHPHQWHODPXMHU3HFKRKHULGRKRUDGDGRGHYXHOWR FRPHFKLDPDUOD3HWWRIHULWRWUD¿WWRUHVWLWXLWRDOGRORUH DVXGRORUGHVHUODSDQWDOODTXHRFXOWDODYLGDGHXQD G¶HVVHUHORVFKHUPRFKHFHODODYLWDGLXQDGRQQDSHU PXMHUSDUDTXHDFHSWHPRVSRU¿QFRQVLGHUDUVXSDOSL DFFHWWDUHDOOD¿QHGLFRQVLGHUDUHLOVXRSDOSLWRLOVXR WDFLyQVXWLELH]DVXVXDYLGDGVXKXPDQLGDG/DYLGD WHSRUHODVXDSLDFHYROH]]DODVXDXPDQLWj/DYLWDGL GHXQDPXMHUUHGXFLGDDXQSHFKRTXLWHQDTXHOSHFKR XQDGRQQDULGRWWDDXQVHQRQDVFRQGHWHTXHOVHQRFKH TXHQRVHKDGHYHUSHURFRQpOGHVDSDUHFHODPXMHU 14XHOODGHOFDWDORJRQDWXUDOPHQWHQHOTXDOHOD©FLYHWWDFLHFDªKD 1/DGHOFDWiORJRSRUVXSXHVWRHQHOTXHOD©OHFKX]DFLHJDªWLHQH JOLRFFKLGHOO¶DUWLVWDTXHJOLRFFKLFKHKDSUHVHQWDWRLQWXWWHOHVXH ORV RMRV GH OD DUWLVWD HVRV RMRV TXH KD SUHVHQWDGR SRU WRGDV VXV FXFLWXUHSURSULHHUDI¿JXUDWH6DUjTXHVWRLOVHJQRGHOIDWWRFKHJOL FRVWXUDV SURSLDV \ ¿JXUDGDV ¢6HUi OD VHxDO GH TXH ORV ©RMRV GHO ©RFFKL GHOOR VSLULWRª DFTXLVWDQR LPSRUWDQ]D SHU XQ¶DUWLVWD DO OLPLWH HVStULWXª YDQ FREUDQGR WUDVFHQGHQFLD SDUD XQD DUWLVWD DO ERUGH GH GHOODFHFLWj" ODFHJXHUD" 1 QRQVLGHYHYHGHUHFRQHVVRSHUzVFRPSDUHODGRQQD /RVRMRVYHQGDGRVTXHPLUDPRVQRQRVGLFHQQDGDQR Estetica della tomba Estética de la tumba QRVGHYXHOYHQQDGDGHQRVRWURVPLVPRVDQWHVELHQ *OLRFFKLEHQGDWLFKHRVVHUYLDPRQRQFLGLFRQRQXOOD QRVGHYXHOYHQDQRVRWURVPLVPRVDHVHGLItFLOHMHUFLFLR 1RQ ODVFLDWHYL LQJDQQDUH GDL ¿RUL GL TXHVWD PRVWUD 1RVHGHMHQHQJDxDUSRUODVÀRUHVGHHVWDH[SRVLFLyQ QRQFLUHVWLWXLVFRQRQXOODGLQRLVWHVVLSLXWWRVWRFLUL de la mirada. Dell’Anima Ferita OD VXD EHOOH]]D SODVWLFD GL SODV Del alma heridaVXEHOOH]DSOiVWLFD\WDPELpQGHSOiV WLFD q FRPH TXHOOD FKH DGRUQD L FLPLWHUL GDWR FKH WLFR HV FRPR OD TXH DGRUQD ORV FHPHQWHULRV SXHV /DLGHQWLGDGGHOHVSHFWDGRUVLHPSUHWHQGUtDTXHVHU TXHVWL HVVHUL GRQQH FRVu VSHVVR PHVVH LQ UHOD]LRQH HVWRVVHUHVPXMHUHVWDQDPHQXGRUHODFLRQDGDVFRQOD SUHFLVDGDSXHVTXLHQYHVyORYHORTXHTXLHUHRSXHGH FRQODEHOOH]]DGHL¿RULRXRPLQLODFXLIUDJLOLWjDSSDUH EHOOH]DGHODVÀRUHVXKRPEUHVFX\DIUDJLOLGDGDSDUHFH /¶LGHQWLWj GHOOR VSHWWDWRUH GRYUHEEH HVVHUH VHPSUH YHU3DORPD1DYDUHVTXLHUHKDFHUTXHYHDPRVSRURWUR PHVVDLQHYLGHQ]DVRWWRWDQWLVJXDUGLDOOLELWLVWHUHR DTXt VXEUD\DGD EDMR WDQWDV PLUDGDV DQRQDGDGRUDV SUHFLVDWDSHUFKpFKLYHGHYHGHVRORFLzFKHYXROHR ODGRGHRWUDIRUPDTXHFHUUHPRVQXHVWURVRMRVFXD WLSDQWLVRQRPRUWLLQYLWD,¿RULQDWXUDOLIRWRJUDIDWLH HVWHUHRWLSDQWHVKDQPXHUWRHQYLGD/DVÀRUHVQDWX FKHSXzYHGHUH3DORPD1DYDUHVYXROHFKHYHGLDPRGD GULFXODGRVQRUPDGRVSRUDxRVGHYLVLyQDGRFHQDGD SODVWL¿FDWLSDUWHFLSDQRDTXHVWDJUDPPDWLFDIXQHEUH UDOHVIRWRJUD¿DGDV\SODVWL¿FDGDVSDUWLFLSDQGHHVWD XQ¶DOWUDSURVSHWWLYDLQPRGRGLYHUVRFKHFKLXGLDPRL IRUPDWHDGD\TXHORVYROYDPRVDDEULU6LWXDUQRVDGLV SHUVLQROHERXJDQYLOOHHGDLFRORULVSOHQGHQWLUHVWLWXLWH JUDPiWLFD I~QHEUH KDVWD ODV EXJDQYLOODV GH FRORUHV QRVWULRFFKLDFRPSDUWLPHQWLVWDJQLUHJRODPHQWDWLGD WDQFLDGHQXHVWUDSURSLDPLUDGDSDUDFRQVHJXLUSHUFLELU DOODORURGHOLFDWH]]DDSSDLRQRPROWRORQWDQHGDOGHWWD UHVSODQGHFLHQWHV GHYXHOWDV D VX GHOLFDGH]D SDUHFHQ XQDYLVLRQHFKHSHUDQQLqVWDWDGR]]LQDOHIRUPDWWDWD FXiQSRFRVROHPRVYHU6RUWHDUODVWUDPSDVGHFLHUWRV JOLRNLWVFKHVHQWLPHQWDOH PX\DOHMDGDVGHOGHWDOOHFXUVL\VHQWLPHQWDO HFKHOLULDSULDPR6LWXDUFLDGXQDFHUWDGLVWDQ]DGDO HVWHUHRWLSRVFXOWXUDOHVPHQWDOHV\VREUHWRGRYLVXD QRVWURVJXDUGRSHUULXVFLUHDSHUFHSLUHTXDQWRSRFRGL OHVPRVWUDUQRVDWUDYpVGHODKLVWRULDGHODSLQWXUDR /HERXJDQYLOOHHPXOWLFRORUL¿RULSUHGLOHWWL VRQRLOVXR /DVEXJDQYLOODVPXOWLFRORUHVÀRUHVSUHGLOHFWDV VRQ VROLWRULXVFLDPRDYHGHUH6FRSULUHOHWUDSSROHGLDOFXQL GHODOLWHUDWXUDDHVWDVPXMHUHVSUREHWDVRDHVWDV FXRUHVROFDWHGDXQLQWUHFFLRGLYHQHDWWUDYHUVRFXL VXVFRUD]RQHVDWUDYHVDGRVSRUXQDUHGGHYHQDVSRUOD VWHUHRWLSLFXOWXUDOLPHQWDOLHVRSUDWWXWWRYLVLYLPRV VXLFLGDVFRPRYtFWLPDVGHPLUDGDVPRUWtIHUDV SDVVDDQFRUDRJJLYLYL¿FDWDGDOOHQXRYHLVFUL]LRQLLO TXHSDVDD~QKR\YLYL¿FDGDSRUODVUHLQVFULSFLRQHVVX FRQVHJQDQR D QRL VWHVVL D TXHVWR GLI¿FLOH HVHUFL]LR GHOORVJXDUGR WUDUFL FRQ OD VWRULD GHOOD SLWWXUD R GHOOD OHWWHUDWXUD VXRVDQJXHGLLQFKLRVWURLOEDWWLWRGHOOHVXHIUDVLGHL VDQJUHGHWLQWDHOODWLGRGHVXVRUDFLRQHVGHVXVYHU TXHVWHGRQQHSURYHWWDRTXHVWHVXLFLGHFRPHYLWWLPH 'HVWLQRIHPHQLQRPDVQRVRODPHQWH3DORPD1DYD VXRLYHUVLTXHOODVROLWXGLQHTXRWLGLDQDTXHOGLVDPRUH VRVDTXHOGtDDGtDGHVROHGDGGHGHVDPRUUHFRJLGR GLVJXDUGLOHWDOL UHVTXHELHQVDEHORTXHVLJQL¿FDPLUDUFRQVWUX\HFRQ UDFFKLXVRLQXQDGDWDLQXQQRPH©VRQRHVDXVWDª©L HQXQDIHFKDXQQRPEUH©HVWR\H[KDXVWDª©ORVEDLOHV DKtQFRGHVGHKDFHYDULRVDxRVPHGLDQWHVXVGLVSRVLWL EDOOLQRWWXUQLª©FRQRVFRLOIRQGRGLFHª©ODULYDOHª QRFWXUQRVª©FRQR]FRHOIRQGRGLFHª©ODULYDOª 'HVWLQRIHPPLQLOHPDQRQVROR3DORPD1DYDUHVFKH YRVYLVXDOHV\SOiVWLFRVORVFRQWH[WRVPRUWtIHURVFDU VDEHQHFKHFRVDVLJQL¿FKLRVVHUYDUHGDGLYHUVLDQQL JDGRVGHSUHMXLFLRVWDQFDUJDGRVFRPRORVEROVLOORV /HERXJDQYLOOHHFRQOHORURLQ¿RUHVFHQ]HHSURWXEH /DVEXJDQYLOODVVRQVXVVH[RVFRQLQÀRUHVFHQFLDV\ FRVWUXLVFHFRQLPSHJQRDWWUDYHUVRGLVSRVLWLYLYLVLYLH GH9LUJLQLD:ROIFRQVXVFDQWRVURGDGRVWDQSHVDGRV UDQ]HFRQSHWDOLFRPHFXRULVRQRLORURVHVVL$OFXQL SURWXEHUDQFLDVSpWDORVFRPRFRUD]RQHV8QRVWDOORV SODVWLFLLFRQWHVWLPRUWLIHULFDULFKLGLSUHJLXGL]LFRVu FRPR ODV OiSLGDV TXH HVFHQL¿Fy \D HQ ORV 2 \ TXH VWHOLXQLVFRQRGXH¿RUL$QQH6H[WRQH6\OYLD3ODWK XQHQGRVÀRUHV$QQH6H[WRQ\6\OYLD3ODWKFRQOD FDULFKLFRPHOHWDVFKHGL9LUJLQLD:RROIFRQLVXRLFLRW DOJXQRVFUHDGRUHVVREUHWRGRPXMHUHVPDVQR~QLFD FRQODVWHVVDVLFXUH]]DFRQFXLXQVXSSRUWRGLPHWDOOR PLVPDFHUWH]DFRQTXHODVYXHOYHDMXQWDUHOVRSRUWH WROLSHVDQWLTXDQWROHODSLGLPHVVHLQVFHQDQHJOLDQQL PHQWHWDQELHQVXSLHURQHVFULELU OHULXQLVFHDQFRUDSHUODFRPSOHPHQWDULHWjGLVDOHH GH PHWDO SDUD OD FRPSOHPHQWDULHGDG GH OD VDO \ OD ¶ HVXOOHTXDOLDOFXQLFUHDWRULVRSUDWWXWWRGRQQHPD GLSHSHVXOPDUHORURVFULYRQRHLQFLGRQRQHOODFDUQH SLPLHQWDSRUHQFLPDGHOPDUHOODVHVFULEHQHLQVFUL QRQVRORVHSSHURVFULYHUHFRVuEHQH GHO¿RUHODORURYLWDHODORURRSHUD7LWROLGLSRHPLGL EHQHQODFDUQHGHODÀRUVXYLGD\VXREUD7tWXORVGH UDFFROWHGLYROXPLVFULWWLDPDQRSURSULROXQJROHQHU SRHPDVGHSRHPDULRVGHYRO~PHQHVFDOLJUD¿DGRV YDWXUH$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLNqDFFRPSDJQDWDGDOODVXD SUHFLVDPHQWHDORODUJRGHODVQHUYDGXUDV$OHMDQGUD RSHUD LQ TXHVWR OHWWRWRPED GL ERXJDQYLOOHH IXFVLD 3L]DUQLNHVWiDFRPSDxDGDSRUVXREUDHQHVWHOHFKR 9LVVHURWXWWHHWUHQHOO¶©,QIHUQRELDQFRªGHOO¶LVWLWX]LRQH WXPEDGHEXJDQYLOODVIXFVLDV/DVWUHVHVWXYLHURQHQ 2 2 $ WDO SURSRVLWR ULVXOWDQR PROWR VLJQL¿FDWLYL GXH FDWDORJKL GDWR FKH q O¶DUWLVWD VWHVVD D FXUDUQH O¶HODERUD]LRQH 4XHOOR UHODWLYR DOOD 2'RVFDWiORJRVUHVXOWDQPX\VLJQL¿FDWLYRVDOUHVSHFWR\DTXHOD SVLFKLDWULFDHSHUTXHVWR3DORPD1DYDUHVHULJHO¶XQLFR ©HO,Q¿HUQREODQFRªGHODLQVWLWXFLyQSVLTXLiWULFD\ PRVWUD GL 9LHQQD GHO FRQ OD FRSHUWLQD QHUD VL DSUH FRQ XQD DUWLVWDPLVPDFXLGDVXHODERUDFLyQ(OGHODH[SRVLFLyQGH9LHQDHQ VHSROFURGHJQRGLORURXQVHSROFUROHJJHURVRORFRORUL SRUHOOR3DORPD1DYDUHVOHVHGL¿FDHO~QLFRVHSXO SULPDSDJLQDGLFDUWDVDWLQDWDFKHLPLWDLOJUDQLWRQHURFRQYHQDWXUH GHFXELHUWDQHJUDVHDEUHFRQXQDSULPHUDSiJLQDGHSDSHO URVDGHOOHODSLGL6FDWRODQHUDUHWWDQJRODUHLOFDWDORJR,PiJHQHVGHO FXFKp TXH LPLWD HO JUDQLWR QHJUR MDVSHDGR GH URVD GH ODV OiSLGDV ,¿RULWUHPRODQWLHVRQRULGHLFLOLHJLLYHOLRUQDPHQWDOL FURGLJQRGHHOODVVHSXOFUROHYHVyORFRORUHV/DV GHVHRHQHOXPEUDOGHORVVXHxRV,PPDJLQLGHOGHVLGHULRDOSULQFL &DMLWDQHJUDUHFWDQJXODUHOFDWiORJR,PiJHQHVGHOGHVHRHQHOXP SLR GHL VRJQL QGW HGLWR GD 7DEDSUHVV LQFOXGH QHO VXR LQWHUQR EUDOGHORVVXHxRVHGLWDGRSRU7DEDSUHVVLQFOX\HHQVXLQWHULRUVH VHSROWXUDFRQOHGLPHQVLRQLGLXQDWRPEDXQSULPROLEUHWWRULOHJDWR SXOWXUDFRQGLPHQVLRQHVGHWXPEDXQSULPHUOLEUHWRHQFXDGHUQDGR 3./HERXJDQYLOOHHHUDQRJLjSUHVHQWLLQXQDLQVWDOOD]LRQHGHO 3. /DV EXJDQYLOODV HVWiQ \D SUHVHQWHV HQ XQD LQVWDODFLyQ GH FRPHVHIRVVHLQJUDQLWRURVDXQDODSLGHUDI¿JXUDWDLQFDUWROLQH FRPRHQJUDQLWRURVDOiSLGDTXHFXEUHRFKRSRVWDOHVLPSUHVDVHQ $QWHVDOD GHO SODFHU $QWLFDPHUD GHO SLDFHUH QGW H LQ JHQHUH L Antesala del placer\PiVJHQHUDOPHQWHODVÀRUHVGHSOiVWLFRWXOL LQELDQFRHQHURFKHFRUULVSRQGRQRDLPRQWDJJLFROODJHVFRQLTXDOL EODQFR \ QHJUR ODV FXDOHV FRUUHVSRQGHQ D ORV PRQWDMHVFROODJHV ¿RULGLSODVWLFDWXOLSDQLURVHHPDUJKHULWH SDQHVURVDV\PDUJDULWDV O¶DUWLVWDUHDOL]]zLQFRQWULFRQGRQQHDSSDUWHQHQWLDXQLYHUVLSLWWRULFL FRQORVTXHODDUWLVWDUHDOL]yHQFXHQWURVHQWUHPXMHUHVGHPXQGRV 4.7DOL¿RULGHOODIDPLJOLDGHOOHQ\FWDJLQDFHDHVRQRPLVWHULRVDPHQWH 4(VWDVÀRUHVGHODIDPLOLDGHODVQLFWDJLQiFHDVHVWiQPLVWHULRVD WDQWRGLYHUVLHWDQWRVLPLOLFRPHTXHOORGL,QJUHV7L]LDQR'HODURFKH SLFWyULFRVWDQGLIHUHQWHV\WDQVLPLODUHVFRPRORVGH,QJUHV7L]LDQR OHJDWL DOOD QRWWH DOO¶RVFXULWj DO EXLR FRPH OH EHOOH GL QRWWH 1RQ PHQWHYLQFXODGDVFRQODQRFKHODRVFXULGDGODOREUHJXUDDOLJXDO R5HPEUDQGW 'HODURFKHR5HPEUDQGW VHPEUDXQDVHPSOLFHFRLQFLGHQ]D TXHHOGRQGLHJR1RSDUHFHPHUDFRLQFLGHQFLD 115 Rojo de buganvilla. heridas de amor.$6WHIDQ=ZHLJ.RVWDV.DU\RWDNLV\0DUtD3ROLGRUL Periferia. $$QWRQLD3R]]L 2EMHWR[[FP)RWRJUDItDGXUDFOHDUWLQWD\OXSD )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH GLIRUV\WKLHOHJJHUHGLSHQVLHULFXFLWLGDOGXURJDQFLR ÀRUHVPRYHGL]DV\VRQRUDVGHORVFHUH]RVODVFRU GHOO¶DPRDQFK¶HVVLWRPEH WLQDVDGHUH]RVGHIRUV\WKLDVOLJHUDVGHSHQVDPLHQ Qua e là; creare la tensione: Aquí y allá; crear la tensión WRVFRVLGRVVLHPSUHSRUHOJDQFKRIHUR]GHODQ]XHOR &RVu 3DORPD 1DYDUHV FUHD XQ JHQHUH O¶©LQVWDOOD]LR WXPEDVWDPELpQ QHWRPEDª 5LDOODFFLDQGRVL D FLz FKH FRVWLWXu D SDU «Data la natura di questo colore mi chiedevo: i capelli bianchi erano un tributo all’oblio? O forse tutto il contrario? Il bianco era un colore che conteneva tutti gli altri o un colore che li aveva persi? Non so mai bene se è il colore della saggezza o della stanchezza accumulata per la mancanza di risposte di tutta una vita.» Yo me preguntaba por la naturaleza de ese color, ¿era el pelo blanco un trofeo a la desmemoria? ¿O quizá era todo lo contrario? ¿Era el blanco un color que contenía a todos los demás o un color que los había perdido ? Nunca sé si es el color de la sabiduría o del cansancio acumulado por la falta de respuestas de toda una vida. 0 *XWLpUUH] Disección de una tormenta, 0DGULG(G6LUXHODS 0 *XWLpUUH] Disección de una tormenta, 0DGULG(G6LUXHODS WLUH GDO ;9 VHFROR XQD SUDWLFD VRFLDOH H DOOR VWHVVR <HVTXH3DORPD1DYDUHVFUHDXQJpQHUROD©LQVWDOD WHPSRDUWLVWLFDQHOODTXDOHO¶HYRFD]LRQHGHLPRUWLDV FLyQWXPEDª(QOD]DQGRFRQORTXHFRQVWLWX\yDSDUWLU SLUDYDDGLVFULYHUOL LQ XQD PHPRULD FROOHWWLYDHGHV GHOVLJOR;9XQDSUiFWLFDVRFLDO\DUWtVWLFDDODYH]HQ WHWLFDO¶DUWLVWDLQQDO]DGDYDQWLDLQRVWULRFFKLOHHI¿JL ODTXHODHYRFDFLyQGHORVPXHUWRVDVSLUDEDDLQVFUL GLXRPLQLQHOO¶DWWRGLFUHDUHGLFUHDWRULFKHPXRLRQR ELUORVHQXQDPHPRULDFROHFWLYD\HVWpWLFDODDUWLVWD SHULOGHVLGHULRGLFUHDUH8QDGHOOHIRU]HFKHVLVSUL \HUJXHDQWHQXHVWURVRMRVODVH¿JLHVGHFUHDGRUHVHQ JLRQDQRGDTXHVWHLQVWDOOD]LRQLULVLHGHQHJOLLQFRQWUL VLWXDFLyQGHFUHDGRUHVPXULHQGRSRUTXHUHUFUHDU8QD ,O ELDQFR FKH XOWLPDPHQWH 3DORPD 1DYDUHV XWLOL]]D /DEODQFXUDTXHWDQWRXWLOL]D~OWLPDPHQWH3DORPD1D GLFXLHVVHVRQRLOIUXWWRWUD3DORPD1DYDUHVHDOWUL GHODVIXHU]DVTXHVHGHVSUHQGHGHHVWDVLQVWDODFLRQHV WDQWRLOELDQFRGHOOHWWRLOELDQFRGHOOHSDUHWLGHOOHVXH YDUHVEODQFXUDGHOOHFKREODQFXUDGHODVSDUHGHVGH FUHDWRULSRHWLURPDQ]LHULGLTXLRGLDOWULOXRJKLFKH UDGLFDHQORVHQFXHQWURVGHORVTXHHOODVVRQIUXWR 6WDQ]HQRQFRVWLWXLVFHO¶XQLFRHOHPHQWRGLGXSOLFHLQ VXVHabitacionesQRFRQVWLWX\HHO~QLFRHOHPHQWRGH ODSRUWDQRDSDUODUHGHOOHORURPRUWLFRQODORURYRFH HQWUH3DORPD1DYDUHV\GHWHUPLQDGRVFUHDGRUHVSRH WHUSUHWD]LRQHRJQLSH]]RFKHqSURSULRGLXQGLVSR GREOHOHFWXUDFDGDSLH]DFRQVWLWXWLYDGHXQGLVSRVL )LRULHDPLPHVFRODWLORVFRJOLRSHUFRVVRGDOOHRQGH WDVQRYHOLVWDVGHDTXtRGHRWURVOXJDUHVTXHODOOHYDQ VLWLYRHLOGLVSRVLWLYRVWHVVRLQXOWLPDLVWDQ]DIRUPD WLYR\pVWHHQ~OWLPDLQVWDQFLDFRPSRQHXQFRQMXQWR ¿RULGLFLOLHJLVSDUVLQHOYHQWRFLSDUODQRGHOODFUXGHOWj DKDEODUGHVXVPXHUWHVFRQVXSURSLDYR])ORUHV\ XQLQVLHPHSHUYDVRGDGLQDPLFKHRSSRVWH,OELDQFR DWUDYHVDGRSRUGLQiPLFDVRSXHVWDV/REODQFRUHPLWH GHOODYLROHQ]DFKHDVVDOHJOLHURLFLFUHDWRULHFLGLFRQR DQ]XHORVPH]FODGRVURFDEDWLGDSRUODVRODVÀRUHVGH ULPDQGD FHUWDPHQWH DOOD SRVVLELOLWj GL LQVFULYHUH GL SRUVXSXHVWRDODSRVLELOLGDGGHLQVFULELUGHHVFULELU ¿QRDFKHSXQWRODFUHD]LRQHqXQDVRUWDGLPLUDFROR FHUH]RVHVSDUFLpQGRVHDOYLHQWRQRVKDEODQGHODFUXHO VFULYHUH ULPDQGD DOOR VFKHUPR ELDQFR VXO TXDOH q DODSDQWDOODEODQFDHQODTXHVHSXHGHQSUR\HFWDUODV HLQVLHPHLOPRQXPHQWRDOVXRFUHDWRUH ÊSURSULR GDGODYLROHQFLDTXHDVDOWDDORVFUHDGRUHVKHURLFRV\ SRVVLELOHSURLHWWDUHOHYLVLRQLGHLVRJQLRULPDQGDDOOD YLVLRQHVGHORVVXHxRVRDODSiJLQDEODQFDEODQFRSRU O¶LQJHJQRGLFHUWHLQVWDOOD]LRQLDFUHDUHODPHUDYLJOLD GHKDVWDTXpSXQWRODFUHDFLyQUHVXOWDDOJRPLODJURVR SDJLQDELDQFDELDQFRGXQTXHGLRJQLWLSRDSHUWXUD WDQWRGHWRGRVORVSRVLEOHVDSHUWXUD\FODULGDGOX]GH XQIUDPPHQWRGLPDUHWRUPHQWDWRHVRQRURUDFFKLXVR DODYH]TXHHOPRQXPHQWRGHVXFUHDGRU . El ingenio HFKLDUH]]DOXFHGHOODFUHDWLYLWj/¶RSSRVWRGHOELDQFR ODFUHDWLYLGDG(OUHYHUVRGHOREODQFRQRVLHPSUHHVOR QHOODFRQFDGHOOHPDQLGL%UL]RG¶DFTXDRLQXQDIRUPD GHDOJXQDVLQVWDODFLRQHVHVSUHFLVDPHQWHORTXHFUHD QRQqVHPSUHLOQHURPDqDQFRUDLOELDQFRSRUWDWRDL QHJURVLJXHVLHQGROREODQFROOHYDGRKDVWDORVOtPLWHV FXELFD ODPDUDYLOOD>XQ@WUR]RGHPDUPRYHGL]R\VRQRURHQ OLPLWLGHOVRSSRUWDELOHDVHWWLFRVWHULOL]]DWR,OELDQFR GHORVRSRUWDEOHDVpSWLFRPHGLFDOL]DGR%ODQFRGHOER FHUUDGRHQHOFXHQFRFXQDGHODVPDQRVGHBrizo de GLFLzFKHqFDQFHOODWRHGHOO¶REOLRGHOIUHGGRHGHOO¶DV UUDGR\GHOROYLGRGHOIUtR\GHODDXVHQFLDHOOHFKRGH aguaRHQXQDIRUPDF~ELFD VHQ]DLOOHWWRGL.DINDOHWWRFRPHVFHQDULRGHOODPH .DINDOHFKRHVFHQDULRGHODPHWDPRUIRVLVGHOGRORU WDPRUIRVLGHOGRORUHHGHOVRJQR&RPHGLPHQWLFDUH \ GHO VXHxR ¢&yPR ROYLGDU HQ XQ FRQWH[WR WDQ IUH 5 5 1pWRPEDGHOODPXVLFDQpWRPEDGHOWHVWRODWRPED FRPHODYHGH3DORPD1DYDUHVVLULYROJHGDXQDSDUWH DOORVSHWWDWRUHSUHVWDQGRJOLORVJXDUGRSHUYHGHUHRI 1LWXPEDGHP~VLFDQLWXPEDGHWH[WRODWXPEDWDO LQXQFRQWHVWRFRVuVSHVVRIHPPLQLOHXQRGHLYDORULGHO FXHQWHPHQWHIHPHQLQRXQRGHORVYDORUHVGHOEODQFR IUHQGRJOLLSURSULVWUXPHQWLGLYLVLRQHFRPHODOHQWH FRPR OD YH 3DORPD 1DYDUHV VH GLULJH SRU XQD SDUWH ELDQFRTXHVWDSXUH]]DFKHJHODLPSRVWDDOOHGRQQH HVDSXUH]DKHODGRUDLPSXHVWDFRQWDQWDYLROHQFLDDODV G¶LQJUDQGLPHQWRHGDOO¶DOWUDVLULYROJHDTXHLFUHDWRUL DOHVSHFWDGRUSUHVWiQGROHVXPLUDGDSDUDYHUEULQ FRQWDQWDYLROHQ]DHGLFXL$OIRQVLQD6WRUQLVLIDSRUWD PXMHUHV\GHODTXH$OIRQVLQD6WRUQLVHFRQYLHUWHHQ PRUWLWUDVIRUPDWLLQSLHWUHSUHVWDQGRORUROHDOLGHO GiQGROHVXVSURSLRVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHYLVLyQFRPROD YRFHGXUDQWHLOVXRVRJJLRUQRLQ$UJHQWLQDDOO¶LQL]LRGHO SRUWDYR]DSULQFLSLRVGHOVLJORSDVDGRHQ$UJHQWLQD©7~ VXR QRPH ©3DORPDª 3DORPD 1DYDUHV FRPH 3ROOL OXSDSHURSRURWUDSDUWHVHGLULJHDDTXHOORVFUHD VHFRORVFRUVR©7XPLYXRLELDQFD>«@6XWXWWHFDVWD PHTXLHUHVEODQFD>«@6REUHWRGDVFDVWD'HSHUIXPH FLQRVHPLQDFLRWWROLLQFLVLHFDPPLQDQGRYDYHUVRLO GRUHVPXHUWRVFRQYHUWLGRVHQSLHGUDVSUHVWiQGROHV 'LSURIXPRWHQXH&RUROODULQFKLXVD>«@ª,OYLGHR WHQXH&RURODFHUUDGD>«@ª"(OYtGHRVRQRURTXHVHOH WXPXOR ODVDODVGHVXQRPEUH©3DORPDª3DORPD1DYDUHVFXDO VRQRURDOHLGHGLFDWRODSUHVHQWDQHOFRQWHPSRQHL GHGLFDQRVODSUHVHQWDDODYH]EDMRORVUDVJRVGHOD 3XOJDUFLWRVLHPEUDFDQWRVURGDGRVFRQLQVFULSFLRQHV\ WUDWWLGHOODVSXPDGHOOHRQGHHGHOO¶LVROHWWDFKHUHVLVWH HVSXPDGHOROHDMH\GHOLVORWHTXHUHVLVWH¢'HTXpQRV VXFDPLQDUUHFXSHUDDXQWLHPSRHOW~PXOR 'LFKHFRVDFLVWDSDUODQGR"'HOODIRU]DGHOODVXDFUHD HVWiKDEODQGR"¢'HODIXHU]DGHVXFUHDWLYLGDGRGHOD WLYLWjRGHOODYLROHQ]DGHOODEDWWDJOLDVFDWHQDWDFRQWUR YLROHQFLDGHODEDWDOODOLEUDGDFRQWUDODLQPHQVLGDGGHO O¶LPPHQVLWjGHOPDUHGHLSUHJLXGL]LFRQWUROHGRQQH" PDUGHORVSUHMXLFLRVFRQWUDODVPXMHUHV" 2LQDOWHUQDWLYDSUHQGHWHTXHLJLJDQWHVFKLFROODULPD 2VLQRWRPHQHVRVFROODUHVJLJDQWHVFRVSHURFXLGDGR VXMpWHQORVFRQVXPDSUHFDXFLyQ$SULPHUDYLVWDVH UHFRQRFHHQHOORVXQRGHHVRVHOHPHQWRVWDQIHPH 5 ©6RQR WHVWLPRQLDQ]H DOPHQR GL TXHVWD V¿GD ODQFLDWD GD XQ 5 ©'DQ WHVWLPRQLR SRU OR PHQRV GH HVH GHVDItR ODQ]DGR SRU XQ XRPRFRQWURO¶LUULPHGLDELOH/DSDURODFRPHLOJHVWRHURLFRVLPXOD KRPEUHFRQWUDORLUUHPHGLDEOH/DSDODEUDDVtFRPRHODGHPiQKH LOVXRPRQXPHQWRRYYHURQHOO¶LQWHUSUHWD]LRQHFODVVLFDGHOWHUPLQH URLFR¿QJHVXPRQXPHQWRRVHDHQHOVHQWLGRFOiVLFRGHOWpUPLQR ODVXHHI¿JLHVROHQQHHODVXDWRPEDª&ODXGH(VWHEDQ3UHID]LRQH VX H¿JLH VROHPQH \ VX WXPEDª &ODXGH (VWHEDQ 3UHIDFLR D ) GH IDWHDWWHQ]LRQHDPDQHJJLDUOLFRQJUDQGHFDXWHOD$ D)GH4XHYHGR0RQXPHQWVGHODPRUW'H\UROOHS7UD 4XHYHGRMonuments de la mort'H\UROOHSWUDGXFFLyQ SULPDYLVWDVRQRULFRQRVFLELOLLQHVVLDOFXQLGLTXHJOL GX]LRQHGHOO¶DXWULFH GHODDXWRUD HOHPHQWLFRVuIHPPLQLOLFRVuFRQIRUPLDOFRQFHWWRLQ QLQRVWDQFRQIRUPHVFRQODLGHDGHODFRTXHWHUtDWDQ SLHGLOLEHUDTXDQGRJHWWDYDOXFHVXDOFXQL©IUDPPHQWL PDGRVGHORVFOiVLFRVHQVX7LHQGDGHVLOHQFLRV WULQVHFDPHQWHIHPPLQLOHGLFLYHWWHULD$YYLFLQLDPRFL LQWUtQVHFDPHQWH IHPHQLQD $FHUTXpPRQRV PLUHPRV DQWRORJLFLªSUHVLGDLFODVVLFLQHOODVXD%RWWHJDGHLVL 'LH]DxRVPiVWDUGHPXMHUHV\KRPEUHVSHVH RVVHUYLDPRORTXHVWRFROODUHVHqYHURFKHLOQRVWUR YHUGDGHUDPHQWHHVWHFROODUVLHVTXHQXHVWUDPLUDGD OHQ]L'LHFLDQQLSLWDUGLGRQQHHXR DVXIDPDVLJXHQKHFKRVSHGD]RVKDELHQGRSHUGLGRVX VJXDUGRSXzUHVLVWHUHDOODVXDFUXGHOWjHSXzVHJXLUH SXHGHUHVLVWLUVXFUXHOGDG\VHJXLUODXUGLPEUHGHVXV PLQLDGLVSHWWRGHOODORURUHSXWD]LRQHFRQWLQXDQRDG URVWUREDMRODYLROHQFLDHMHUFLGDFRQWUDHOORV\ORVJROSHV O¶LQWUHFFLR GL ¿RUL XQLWL DG DPL FRVu VSOHQGHQWL FRPH ÀRUHVXQLGDVFRQDQ]XHORVWDQUHOXFLHQWHVFRPRODVX HVVHUHULGRWWLLQIUDQWXPLDYHQGRSHUVROHVHPELDQ]H SDGHFLGRV3ODWK:RROI3L]DUQLN6WRUQL6H[WRQ*Q ODVXSHU¿FLHULOXFHQWHGLTXHVWL¿RULIDOVLHGLPPRELOL SHU¿FLHUHVSODQGHFLHQWHGHHVWDVÀRUHVIDOVDVHLQPy SHUODYLROHQ]DHVHUFLWDWDFRQWURGLHVVLHLFROSLVXELWL GHURGH&HODQ0LVKLPD$NXWDJDZD0XMHUHV\KRPEUHV VFKLDFFLDWLVXOODEDVDPHQWRGHOSODVWLFR YLOHVDSODVWDGDVHQODSODQLFLHGHOSOiVWLFR 3ODWK:RROI3L]DUQLN6WRUQL6H[WRQ*QGHURGH&H VLQ URVWUR PDV QR VLQ FDEH]D PDFKDFDGD R HQWHUD ODQ0LVKLPD$NXWDJDZD'RQQHHXRPLQLVHQ]DYROWR SHURDYHFHVFRPRDXVHQWHHQODWUDQVSDUHQFLD\YD 'LJKH VSLDJJH R PXUL GL FLRWWROL LO FXL DVVHPEODJJLR 'LTXHVSOD\DVRPXURVGHFDQWRVURGDGRVFX\RHQ PDQRQVHQ]DWHVWDLQIUDQWXPLRLQWHUDPDDYROWH FLiQGRVH(OHVWDQWHHQTXHGHVFDQVDODFDEH]DWUDQV IRUQLVFHVHPSUHTXHJOLLQWHUVWL]LDWWUDYHUVRFXLDGGHQ VDPEODMHVLHPSUHSURSRUFLRQDORVLQWHUVWLFLRVSRUORV DVVHQWHQHOODWUDVSDUHQ]DHLQYLDGLVYXRWDPHQWR,O SDUHQWHGHGLFDGDD6\OYLD3ODWKQRVUHFXHUGDHOKRUURU WUDUVLHVSH]]DUHO¶HTXLOLEULRVRUSUHQGHQWHODIUDJLOH FXDOHVFRODUVH\URPSHUHOHTXLOLEULRVRUSUHQGHQWHOD ULSLDQRVXOTXDOHULSRVDODWHVWDWUDVSDUHQWHGHGLFDWD GHVXPXHUWHODFDEH]DKXQGLGDPHWLGDHQHOKRUQRGH FRVWUX]LRQHLOFLRWWRORQRQqIDWWRGLSLHWUDLOPDUHOR IUiJLOFRQVWUXFFLyQHOFDQWRURGDGRQRHVGHSLHGUD D 6\OYLD 3ODWK FL ULFRUGD O¶RUURUH GHOOD VXD PRUWH OD ODFRFLQD3HURDTXtODFDEH]DKDSDVDGRDWUDYpVGHOD KDSHUIRUDWRFRUURVREXFDWROHYLJDWRWUDVIRUPDWR HOPDUORKDKRUDGDGRFRUURtGRDJXMHUHDGRSXOLGR WHVWDLQ¿ODWDQHOIRUQRGHOODFXFLQD4XLSHUzODWHVWD EDVHSRUODPHUDIXHU]DGHOFDEHOORSHQVDPLHQWRVTXH PDFRQVHUYDO¶RVWLQDWDRSDFLWjHODSHVDQWH]]DGHOOD WUDQVIRUPDGRPDVFRQVHUYDODWHUFDRSDFLGDG\ODSH qSDVVDWDDWWUDYHUVRODEDVHJUD]LHDOODVRODIRU]DGHL VHGLVSHUVDQFXDOVHPLOODVHQMDPEUHVGHJpUPHQHVIH SLHWUD8WLOL]]DQGRFRQWLQXDPHQWHLFLRWWROL3DORPD1D VDGH]GHODSLHGUD$OKDFHUVHFRQORVFDQWRVURGDGRV FDSHOOLSHQVLHULFKHVLVSDUJRQRFRPHVHPLÀRWWHGL FXQGRVTXHQDFHQHQODVFDEH]DVGH$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN YDUHVOLFDULFDGLVHQVRGLXQVHQVRGDWRFKHOLPHWWH 3DORPD1DYDUHVORVFDUJDGHVHQWLGRGHXQVHQWLGR JHUPLIHFRQGLFKHQDVFRQRQHOOHWHVWHGL$OHMDQGUD3L RGH3DXO&HODQ6LPLHQWHVODVSDODEUDVVRQXQDFWXDU DOVHUYL]LRGHOODPHPRULDDWWUDYHUVRLVFUL]LRQLGLVHJQL \DTXHORVGHVWLQDDOVHUYLFLRGHODPHPRULDPHGLDQWH ]DUQLN R GL 3DXO &HODQ 6HPL OH SDUROH VRQR D]LRQH FRPRHQODVRUDFLRQHVFRPRHQORVMXHJRVGHODLQIDQFLD FKHFLULFRUGDQRTXHVWLXRPLQLHTXHVWHGRQQHQHOOH LQVFULSFLRQHV GLEXMRV TXH YLHQHQ D UHFRUGDUQRV D FRPHQHOOHIUDVLFRPHQHLJLRFKLG¶LQIDQ]LDHLQTXHVWR \GHHVWDIRUPD3DORPD1DYDUHVLQVFULEHODPHPRULD ORURYLWHHQHOOHORURRSHUH HVWRV KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV HQ VXV YLGDV \ VXV REUDV PRGR 3DORPD 1DYDUHV WUDFFLD OD PHPRULD GL TXHVWL GHHVRVFUHDGRUHVÀRUHVHItPHUDV\GHVXVSURPHVDV 0DVQR1RKD\ÀRUHVTXHVHQWLUQLFDQWRVURGDGRVTXH FUHDWRUL¿RULHI¿PHULHGHOOHORURSURPHVVHIHFRQGH IHFXQGDVVREUHODPXHUWH\FRQWUDODPXHUWH (SSXUHQR1RQFLVRQR¿RULGDRGRUDUHQpFLRWWROLGD DFDULFLDU1RVKDOODPRVDQWHVXKXHOODIRWRJUi¿FDXQD VXOODPRUWHHFRQWURODPRUWH V¿RUDUH&LWURYLDPRGLIURQWHDOODORURLPSURQWDIR LPSUHVLyQVREUHWUDQVSDUHQFLDXQYtGHRGHOPDUQDGD WRJUD¿FDXQ¶LPSUHVVLRQHLQWUDVSDUHQ]DXQYLGHRGHO HVWiSUHVHQWHQDGDUHVXOWDSDOSDEOHFRPRSDUDDFUH PDUHQXOODqSUHVHQWHQXOODULVXOWDSDOSDELOHFRPH FHQWDUODLQPLQHQFLDGHVXGHVDSDULFLyQODIUDJLOLGDGGH SHUDFFUHVFHUHO¶LPPLQHQ]DGHOODVXDVFRPSDUVDODIUD HVWDHYRFDFLyQGHHVWDPHPRULDYLVXDOODVX\DGHOD JLOLWjGLTXHVWDHYRFD]LRQHGLTXHVWDPHPRULDYLVLYD TXHQRVSLGHODDUWLVWDTXHSDUWLFLSHPRVUHOHYDQGRVXV ODVXDFXLO¶DUWLVWDFLFKLHGHGLSDUWHFLSDUHDWWUDYHUVR RMRV$VtHVFyPRFDQWRVURGDGRV\ÀRUHVIRWRJUD¿DGDV LVXRLRFFKLÊFRVuFKHLFLRWWROLHL¿RULIRWRJUDIDWLHQ HQWUDQDIRUPDUSDUWHGHODWHQVLyQGHODDPELYDOHQFLD WUDQRDIDUSDUWHGHOODWHQVLRQHGHOO¶DPELYDOHQ]DGHOOH GHODVSDODEUDVPLVPDVTXHKDEODQDODYH]GHODDX SDUROHFKHSDUODQRQHOFRQWHPSRGLSUHVHQ]DHGLDV VHQFLD\ODSUHVHQFLD\GHVXFDSDFLGDGSDUDSREODUOD VHQ]DHGHOODORURFDSDFLWjGLSRSRODUHODPHPRULDFRQ PHPRULDFRQHVWDH[WUDxDSUHVHQFLDHQDXVHQFLD TXHVWDVWUDQDSUHVHQ]DLQDVVHQ]D /DVSDODEUDVVXVSDODEUDVWH[WRV\SRHPDVSRUWRGDV /HSDUROHOHORURSDUROHLWHVWLHLSRHPLGDSSHUWX SDUWHVLQVFULWRVGHQXHYRYXHOWRVDODYLGD/DVSDOD WWRQXRYDPHQWHLVFULWWLUHVWLWXLWLDOODYLWD/HSDUROH EUDVHQODVPDQRVDPDQRVOOHQDVHQORVHQVHUHVGH QHOOHPDQLDSLHQHPDQLQHJOLXWHQVLOLTXRWLGLDQLQHL WRGRVORVGtDVHQORVIUDJPHQWRVSLHVPDQRVFDEH]DV IUDPPHQWLQHLSLHGLQHOOHPDQLQHOOHWHVWHOHSDUROH ODVSDODEUDVSDUDGHFLUHOGRORUODVROHGDGHOGHVDPRU SHU FRPXQLFDUH LO GRORUH OD VROLWXGLQH LO GLVDPRUH OD©LGHQWLGDGURWDª3DORPD1DYDUHV\D¿JXUyODGL¿ O¶©LGHQWLWjVSH]]DWDª3DORPD1DYDUHVDYHYDJLjUDS FXOWDGGHSHUPDQHFHUHQWHUDtQWHJUD\GHSLH\OLEUH SUHVHQWDWR OD GLI¿FROWj GL UHVWDUH LQWHUD LQWHJUD LQ FXDQGRLOXPLQDEDDOJXQRV©IUDJPHQWRVDQWROyJLFRVªWR BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 6$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN'LDULR;-HWUDGXLV 6$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLNDiario; 120 7LWRORRULJLQDOH7LHQGDGHVLOHQFLRVQGW 121 Collar de pensamientos.$(PLO\'LFNLQVRQ 2EMHWR[[FP)RWRJUDItDGXUDFOHDU~WLOHVGHSHVFDKLORGHSODWD 122 Pensamientos, Flores de mi jardín Pensamientos, mi jardín Pensamientos, FloresFlores de mide jardín Pensieri, Fiori del mio giardino Pensamientos, Flores de mi jardín Jardín de la melancolía. $OKRPEUHFDQVDGRGHODYLGD 3RHPDDQyQLPRGHOD;,,'LQDVWtDHJLSFLD ,QVWDODFLyQGHOX]VRQLGR\IRWRJUDItD 7XERVGHPHWDFULODWRFRQIRWRJUDItD\OX]ÀXRUHVFHQWH[[FPFX )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH (ULDOHQÀRU$)ORUEHOD Corazón herido.$'HOPLUD$JRVWLQL Orquídeas blancas. Orquídeas blancas. $PXMHUHVSRHWDVGHO-DSyQ $2QR1R.RPDFKL2NDPRWR.DQRNR1DNDPXUD7HLMR0DFKL6KXQVR 2QR1R.RPDFKL2NDPRWR.DQRNR1DNDPXUD7HLMR1DJDVH.L\RNR*LR0DFKL6KXQVR )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH Pensamientos.$(PLO\'LFNLQVRQ 'HPLMDUGtQVLQÀRUHV )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH En Mayo: amapolas.$,QJHERUJ%DFKPDQQ1HOO\6DFKV Memoria y amapolas.$3DXO&HODQ (OVH/DVNHU6FKOHU*HUWUXGH.ROPDU6HOPD/DJHUO|I )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH Ariel.$6\OYLD3ODWK )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH Cadmio amarillo.$)HGHULFR*DUFtD/RUFD De buganvillas blancas. $$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN\6\OYLD3ODWK )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH De Buganvillas, fucsia.$$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN6\OYLD3ODWK\$QQH6H[WRQ )RWRJUDItD[FP(GLFLyQGH (VFXOWXUD[[FP)RWRJUDItDVGXUDFOHDU~WLOHVGHSHVFD6RSRUWHKLHUUREODQFR(GLFLyQGH En Agosto. (VFXOWXUD[[FP9DULDEOH)RWRJUDItDVGXUDFOHDU~WLOHVGHSHVFDPHWDFULODWRDFHUR(GLFLyQGH Flor de pensamientos. $6DUD.RIPDQ\(PLO\'LFNLQVRQ (VFXOWXUD[[FP9DULDEOH)RWRJUDItDGXUDWUDQV~WLOHVGHSHVFDPHWDFULODWRDFHUR(GLFLyQGH Del valle del Jerte, cerezos en Flor. $0XUDVDN\6KLNLER (VFXOWXUD[[FP9DULDEOH)RWRJUDItDGXUDFOHDU~WLOHVGHSHVFDPHWDFULODWRDFHUR(GLFLyQGH Cadmio de forsythia. En el bosque.$5\XQRVXNH$NXWDJDZD (VFXOWXUD[[FP9DULDEOH)RWRJUDItDGXUDFOHDU~WLOHVGHSHVFDPHWDFULODWRDFHUR(GLFLyQGH Rojo de buganvilla. heridas de amor.$6WHIDQ=ZHLJ.RVWDV.DU\RWDNLV\0DUtD3ROLGRUL 6DNXUD1R-DQD&HUH]RHQÀRU %DVDGRHQXQLQIRUPHHVWDGtVWLFRVREUHVROHGDGGHSUHVLyQ\VXLFLGLRHQORVSDLVHVGHVDUUROODGRV 6DNXUD1R-DQD&HUH]RHQÀRU 9tGHRFRORUEXFOHGH¶ 9tGHRSUR\HFFLyQVRQRUD9tGHRFRORUEXFOHGH¶FRQVXEWtWXORV7UHVSUR\HFWRUHV\GRVOHFWRUHV De l’âme blessée Del alma herida DeDe l’âme blessée l’âme blessée The Soul De Wounded l’âme blessée Dédicaces HWGHO¶DXWHXUOHUHFXOGHODSHLQWXUHOHVRXSoRQMHWp Danielle DHORXFKH VXUODVXEMHFWLYLWpHWO¶LPDJLQDWLRQO¶LQMRQFWLRQGXUpHO &RPPLVVDLUHGHO¶H[SRVLWLRQ RQWSUpFLSLWpDX[RXEOLHWWHVODSV\FKpGHODOLWWpUDWXUH SRXUOXLVXEVWLWXHUODERLWHjRXWLOVHWOHVFDOSHOGHOD VRFLRORJLHHWGHVVFLHQFHVH[DFWHV La poésie n’est ni une occupation, ni une distraction. Le poème correspond à un besoin intérieur, il est le résultat d’une nécessité. Il est dans l’ordre métaphysique, plus proche de la prière, du suicide, de la révolte que de l’écrit VFLHQWL¿TXHRXGXURPDQ Dans l’envoûtement que provoque un vers, il y a en même temps, une action sur le sens et une action sur l’esprit indissociables … 6LDYHFODGpVLOOXVLRQGHVLGpRORJLHVGHSURJUqVO¶RQ FRQVWDWHjSUpVHQWOHVVLJQHVG¶XQUHQYHUVHPHQWGH WHQGDQFHYRLUHG¶pWDWG¶HVSULWOHSURMHWGH3DORPD1D YDUHVQ¶HQHVWSDVPRLQVDW\SLTXHLQYHQWLIVXEYHUVLI SRXUVHVLWXHUjGHVVHLQHWG¶XQHFHUWDLQHPDQLqUHj 5$*XWPDQQ FRQWUHWHPSVjFRQWUHFRXUDQW6RQH[SORUDWLRQSDUFH TX¶HOOHV¶HVWQRXUULHHWVHQRXUULWHQFRUHGHODIUp TXHQWDWLRQGHVOLYUHVHWGXFRPSDJQRQQDJHDYHFGHV &HWWHH[SRVLWLRQDYDOHXUG¶XQHGRXEOHGpGLFDFH DXWHXUV SDUWLFLSH G¶XQ UHWRXU YHUV G¶XQH GHVFHQWH HWG¶XQHUHPRQWpHG¶XQHTXrWHGHVHQVHWG¶RULJLQH 'pGLFDFHWRXWG¶DERUGjO¶XQHGHVJUDQGHVGDPHVGH IRQFWLRQQDQWWHOOHXQHLQWURVSHFWLRQHWXQHDQDPQqVH O¶DUWFRQWHPSRUDLQ3DORPD1DYDUHVDUWLVWHG¶RULJLQH 3URXVWGDQVLe temps retrouvéUHPDUTXHTXH©OHV HVSDJQROHGHQRWRULpWpLQWHUQDWLRQDOHSHXFRQQXHHQ °XYUHV FRPPH GDQV OHV SXLWV DUWpVLHQV PRQWHQW )UDQFH '¶R O¶LPSRUWDQFH GH FHWWH H[SRVLWLRQ LFL HW G¶DXWDQWSOXVKDXWTXHODVRXIIUDQFHDSOXVSURIRQGp PDLQWHQDQW GpSOR\pH VXU GHX[ OLHX[ WHQGXH HQWUH PHQWFUHXVpOHF°XUª GHX[FXOWXUHVG¶RODQpFHVVLWpGHFHFDWDORJXHELOLQ JXHIUDQoDLVHVSDJQROTXLYLHQQHQWVDOXHUHWpFODLUHU /DOHFWXUHVRQLPSUpJQDWLRQVRQLQFRUSRUDWLRQHVWj ODVLQJXODULWpHWODSHUWLQHQFHGHVIRUPHVHWLQWHQWLRQV ODVRXUFHPrPHGHO¶DFWLYLWpSODVWLTXH©1RXVDYRQV G¶XQHGpPDUFKHDUWLVWLTXH« EHVRLQGHOLYUHV±pFULW.DINDOHMDQYLHUGDQV XQH OHWWUH j 2VFDU 3ROODFN± TXL DJLVVHQW VXU QRXV 'pGLFDFHHQ¿QFHOOHGH3DORPD1DYDUHVjGHVURPDQ FRPPHXQPDOKHXUGRQWQRXVVRXIIULULRQVEHDXFRXS FLHUVSRqWHVHWSHQVHXUVGLVSDUXVTXLRQWIDLWGHOHXU FRPPHODPRUWGHTXHOTX¶XQTXHQRXVDLPHULRQVSOXV DUWO¶XOWLPHUHPSDUWDXYLGHHWDXVXLFLGH TXH QRXVPrPHV FRPPH VL QRXV pWLRQV SURVFULWV FRQGDPQpV j YLYUH GDQV GHV IRUrWV ORLQ GH WRXV OHV $YHFDe l’âme blesséeSURSRVLWLRQEkWLHDXSRLQWGH KRPPHVFRPPHXQVXLFLGH±XQOLYUHGRLWrWUHODKD FURLVHPHQWGHO¶DUWHWGHODOLWWpUDWXUHO¶DUWLVWHUHQRXH FKHTXLEULVHODPHUJHOpHHQQRXVª6DIRUFHGHUp XQGLDORJXHHWUpWDEOLWXQHFRUUHVSRQGDQFHDXWUHPHQW SHUFXVVLRQFRQGXLWGRQFFHWUDYDLOGHODPpPRLUHVXUOD GLWGHVOLHQVHWGHVpTXLYDOHQFHVHQWUHGHVFRUSVVpSD PpPRLUHFHWUDYDLOGHUHFKHUFKHGHVRLHWGHO¶DXWUH UpVTXHOHVSUDWLTXHVFRQWHPSRUDLQHVRQWGHIDLWVXV FHUHFXHLOOHPHQWDXVHQVGHPpGLWDWLRQHWGHFROOHFWH SHQGXVHWPDUJLQDOLVpV/DGpVDFUDOLVDWLRQGHO¶°XYUH GHWUDFHVGHVLJQHVGHSDUROHVEULVpHVGpIXQWHVPDLV VXUYLYDQWHV©5HWURXYHUODOHWWUHSHUGXHRXOHVLJQH /DPpODQFROLHHWVRQGRXEOHPRGHUQHODGpSUHVVLRQKD FRPSWHGHFHWWHXWLOLVDWLRQGXYHUUHFRPPHRSpUDWHXU PpODQJH GH FULVWDO GH PpWDO ORXUG HW GH WDIIHWDVª HIIDFpªLPSORUH1HUYDOGDQVAuréliaWDQGLVTXH.DIND ELWHQWHWUHOLHQWOHSD\VDJHLQWpULHXUGHVpFULYDLQVGX GHPpWDSKRUHVHWGHFRUUHVSRQGDQFHVFRPPHPDWp $UPDQGR)UHLWDV)LOKRFHOOHG¶$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN HQFRUHVRXOLJQHGDQVVRQJournalFRPELHQ©O¶pFULYDLQ SDQWKpRQDe l’âme blessée3DXO&HODQ$QQD&ULVWLQD ULDXGHO¶DPELYDOHQFHGHODGXDOLWpFRPPHRXWLOYL pFULYDQWGDQV Invocations©&UpHXQHVSDFH«HQ YRLWDXWUHFKRVHHWSOXVTXHOHVDXWUHVLOHVWGRQFPRUW &HVDU)ORUEHOD(VSDQFD.DUROLQHYRQ*QGHURGH)UDQ] VXHOHWLQVWUXPHQWGHYLVLRQLa CopaGHFULVWDOGpGLpH WUHPRLHWOHPLURLUªHWYR\DQWOHVÀHXUVVHIDQHUGDQV GHVRQYLYDQWHWLOHVWHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWOHVXUYLYDQW .DIND6DUDK.RIPDQ&HVDUH3DYHVH$OHMDQGUD3L]DU j$QD&ULVWLQD&pVDUHWEl besoHQWUHQWHQUpVRQDQFH VHVPDLQVFHOOHG¶(PLO\'LFNLQVRQTXLGpFULWDYHFOH RFWREUHª QLN6\OYLD3ODWK$OIRQVLQD6WRUQL9LUJLQLD:RROI« DYHF OHV SLqFHV SUpFLWpHV 2EMHWV GRPHVWLTXHV LOV PRW©EODQNªOHKLDWXVHWODGpFKLUXUHO¶HVSDFHYLGH QRXVFRQIURQWHQWjQRXYHDXjO¶LGHQWLWpIpPLQLQHj LPSRVVLEOHjFRPEOHUjO¶LPDJHHQ¿QGHODOLWWpUD &HWHQVHPEOHGHSLqFHVUpDOLVpHVHQWUHHW &HWWH PpODQFROLH FH PDO DXVVL IpFRQG TXH GDQJH L’énigme de la femmeFRPPHQWpHSDU6DUDK.RIPDQ WXUHGXY°XHWGHODPRUWGH9LUJLQLD:RROIFDSWHU FRQYRTXDQWHWVXSHUSRVDQWSDUIRLVODVFXOSWXUHODSKR UHX[TXDOL¿HO¶DWPRVSKqUHGHV°XYUHVGHO¶DUWLVWHHW HW QRXV PHWWHQW HQ SUpVHQFH GH ¿JXUHV PRGHUQHV GHV ÀX[ GH FRQVFLHQFH GHV ©PRPHQWV GH YLVLRQª, WRJUDSKLHO¶LQVWDOODWLRQO¶REMHWHWODYLGpRO¶DUWLVWHDFKRLVL VHYRLWpJDOHPHQWQRPPpHHWGpVLJQpH Melancolía FRPEDWWDQWHVHWWUDJLTXHVGHODSRpVLHFRQIHVVLRQ ©rWUHMHWpHjO¶HDXEDODQFpHVXUOHVYDJXHVHQWUDv GH OHV UDVVHPEOHU HW G¶HQ IDLUH XQ memento mori, un HVWXQVLPSOHÀDFRQVSKpULTXHHQYHUUHWUDQVSDUHQW QHOOHVHWGHODOLWWpUDWXUHG¶LQWURVSHFWLRQ/DVDOLqUHHW QpHLFLHWOjHPSRUWpHMXVTX¶DX[UDFLQHVGXPRQGHª KRPPDJHSRVWKXPHDe l’âme blessée&HWLWUHGLWFRP FRQWHQDQW OH SRqPH G¶$OHMDQGUD 3L]DUQLN La Jaula, ODSRLYULqUHG¶El besoFRQWLHQQHQWUHVSHFWLYHPHQWXQ OHVSRFKHVOHVWpHVGHSLHUUHV« ELHQO¶HQWUHSULVHQHWLHQWSDVGHO¶DSSURSULDWLRQFULWLTXH UHWUDQVFULW VXU GX SDSLHU FHORSKDQH $YHF FHW REMHW SRqPHG¶$QQH6H[WRQHWGH6\OYLD3ODWK7RXWHVGHX[ PDLVSRpWLTXH4X¶HOOHQHYLVHSDVjFRPSUHQGUHDXVHQV GHWRLOHWWH3DORPD1DYDUHVWUDGXLWSDUOHELDLVG¶XQ DPpULFDLQHVWRXUPHQWpHVSDUODGpSUHVVLRQPDULpHV 9LWUL¿FDWLRQPLQpUDOLVDWLRQGLVVROXWLRQ«/HVLPDJLQDL SKLORVRSKLTXH HW KLVWRULTXH GX WHUPH PDLVjSUHQGUH UHDG\PDGHDXJPHQWpOHYHUVDQWFRUSRUHOHWIpPLQLQ HW PqUHV GH GHX[ HQIDQWV RQW IUpTXHQWp OH PrPH UHVPpODQFROLTXHVQRXVFRQGXLVHQWDX[OLPLWHVGHOD DYHFVRLjVHVDLVLUGHFHVODQJXHVGXGHXLOGHFHVIrOX GXVROHLOQRLUHWGHO¶DVWUHGH6DWXUQH3OXVHQFRUH DWHOLHUGHSRpVLH3ULVRQQLqUHVGHOHXUUHODWLRQV\P SHUVRQQDOLWpGHODVRFLDOLWp0DLVORUVTX¶LOVSDUYLHQQHQW UHVLQWLPHVjODIRLVXQLYHUVHOOHVHWLUUpGXFWLEOHPHQWSHU O¶DUWLVWH V\QWKpWLVH OD PDWLqUH SRpWLTXH G¶$OHMDQGUD ELRWLTXHjODPqUHSULVHVGDQVO¶pWDXGHFHWWH$PpUL jWUDQVIRUPHUO¶LPSRVVLELOLWpGHYLYUHHQSRVVLELOLWpGX VRQQHOOHVD¿QGHOHVLQVFULUHGDQVOHVpFODWVGXYLVLEOHGH 3L]DUQLNIDLWHGHGpWUHVVHGHVROLWXGHHWG¶LPSRVVL TXHGXEDE\ERRPFRQVHUYDWULFHHWSXULWDLQHHOOHVVH GLUHORUVTX¶LOVUpXVVLVVHQWjWURXYHUOHXUODQJDJH©LOV OHVWUDQVIRUPHUHQPRUFHDX[GXPRQGHYLVLEOH ELOLWpGHYLYUH©OHFHQWUHFULVWDOOLQHWSXU±LQYLVLEOH VRQWUHEHOOpHVRQWRVpFRQFLOLHUFUpDWLRQHWSURFUpD QRXVUpYqOHQWjQRVSURSUHVDEvPHVª. HWSRXUWDQWOXPLQHX[±ªGHVHVSRqPHV$QJpOD3D WLRQRVpIDLUHHQWHQGUHODPXOWLSOLFLWpFRQWUDGLFWRLUH &HV°XYUHVGpGLFDWRLUHVHWDXWRJUDSKHVELGLPHQVLRQ ROL/DERLWHIHUPpHUHQYRLHjODIRLVjODUpFOXVLRQ GHOHXU©MHªpFULYDQWGpVLUDQWEl Beso IRQFWLRQQH $XMRXUG¶KXLFHQ¶HVWSOXVWDQWOHVH[HTXLGpUDQJHRXIDLW QHOOHV RX HQ YROXPH DX VWDWXW DPELJX FRPSRVLWH YRORQWDLUHGHODSRpWHVVHjVRQVXLFLGHSDULQJHVWLRQ VXUFHWWHJpPHOOLWpFHWWHFRPPXQDXWpGHGHVWLQHW SHXUPDLVODGRXOHXUSHUPDQHQWHODPRUWOHFDGDYUHj VRUWHVGHSDOLPSVHVWHVG¶H[YRWRGHUHOLTXDLUHVFULV GHEDUELWXULTXHVHWDXWLWUHGXSRqPHLa Jaula /D G¶pFULWXUHTXLV¶HVWFRQVWUXLWHGDQVOHODERUDWRLUHOH YHQLUTXHQRXVVRPPHV4XLYHXWOHVUHJDUGHUHQIDFH" WDOOLVHQWHWLUUDGLHQWGDQVOHXUIRUPHPrPHO¶pWUDQJHWp FDJHRXODSULVRQ"©'HKRUVLOIDLWVROHLO(WPRL YDVHFORVGXMRXUQDOPLURLUGHOHXUFRPEDWGHOHXU IDVFLQDQWHHWLQTXLpWDQWHGHVpFULWXUHVIUDJPHQWpHVSDU MHPHVXLVYXHHQFHQGUHVª3DORPD1DYDUHVFUpH UpYROWHHWSDUOHTXHOHOOHVRQWWHQWpG¶pFKDSSHUjO¶°LO ©/DPpODQFROLHHVWOHVHFUHWSHXWrWUHOHVDFUpPR O¶LQGLFLEOHTX¶HOOHVVXSSRUWHQWVXSHUSRVHQWEURXLOOHQW LFL XQH H[HPSODLUH UHSUpVHQWDWLRQ GH OD 0pODQFROLH SpWUL¿DQWGHOD0pGXVH©,DPDODPHLQWKHPHPRU\ GHUQHªUHPDUTXH-XOLD.ULVWHYD RXUHQIHUPHQW URPSDQWDYHFWRXWO¶DSSDUHLOLFRQLTXHDWWDFKpjFHWWH «DIUDJPHQWDU\JLUOª6\OYLD3ODWK DIIHFWLRQGHO¶kPHHWGXFRUSV/¶HQMHXDUWLVWLTXHGHFH /DFUpDWLRQOLWWpUDLUHHWODFUpDWLRQSODVWLTXHORLQGH WUDYDLOWLHQWGDQVFHWWHFDSDFLWpTX¶DO¶DUWLVWHjWURX $YHF FHV GpGLFDFHV LQGLYLGXHOOHV HW FROOHFWLYHV TXL V¶DIIURQWHUHQWUHQWHQHPSDWKLHHQV\PELRVH(OOHV YHURXLQYHQWHUXQHIRUPHjFRQFHYRLUXQHQRXYHOOH WLHQQHQW DXVVL GX SRUWUDLW WDQW HOOHV LPSOLTXHQW GH VRQW DPDOJDPpHV IRQGXHV HQ XQ QRXYHO REMHW Pp FRPELQDWRLUHSRXUIDLUHHQWUHUO¶°XYUHGDQVOD]RQH UHFXOHWG¶LGHQWL¿FDWLRQGHGLVWDQFHHWGHSUR[LPLWp WRQ\PLTXHHWV\PEROLTXHFRQVWUXLWjODMRQFWLRQGX GpSUHVVLRQQDLUHWRXWHQODPDLQWHQDQWjGLVWDQFHGX F¶HVWWRXWHODTXHVWLRQGHO¶DUWGHVRQRULJLQHHWGH WH[WHHWGHODO¶LPDJHGHO¶pFULWXUHHWGXGHVVLQpOD SDWKRVHWGHODIDVFLQDWLRQFRPSODLVDQWHSRXUOHODQ VDQpFHVVLWpFHOOHHQFRUHGHODYLHHWGHODFUpDWLRQ ERUpVXUODWHQVLRQGXSOHLQHWGXYLGHGHO¶RSDTXHHW JDJHGHVWpQqEUHV/HVPDWpULDX[GHODWUDQVSDUHQFH FRPPHLPSUREDEOHTXrWHGHVRLFRPPHMHXDYHFOD GXWUDQVSDUHQW&HQRXYHOREMHWFDUDFWpULVHXQHRXGHV YHUUHSOH[LJODVUpVLQHTXLHQWUHQWGDQVODFRPSR PRUWMHXVSpFXODLUHHQWUHOHPRLHWOHPRQGHO¶LQWp H[SUHVVLRQVGHODPpODQFROLHVRPDWLVHO¶pWDWG¶kPH VLWLRQ GH OD PDMRULWp GHV SLqFHV RQW SRXU IRQFWLRQ ULHXUHWO¶H[WpULHXUOHYpFXHWO¶LPDJLQpOHUrYHHWOD OHFOLPDWPHQWDOG¶XQHVXEMHFWLYLWpHQIXLWHGLVMRLQWH G¶XQHSDUWG¶LQVWDOOHUOHYLGHGDQVODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQ UpDOLWpTXHSRVHHWLQFRUSRUHO¶DUWLVWH HWSOXULHOOHG¶XQHVXEMHFWLYLWpKDQWpHSDUODSHUWHHW GHFHUQHUFHWREMHWPDQTXDQWGXGpVLUG¶DXWUHSDUW O¶DSSHOGXQpDQW/¶DUWLVWHGRQQHjYRLUHWDLQVLGRQQH G¶RUJDQLVHUFHWWHWHQVLRQGpSUHVVLYHHQWUHOHULHQHWOH /HV°XYUHVDe l’âme blesséeUpSDUHQWDXWDQWTX¶HOOHV FRUSVHWYLVLELOLWpjGHVpFULWXUHVHWjGHVLQGLYLGXDOLWpV WRXWO¶LQWpULRULVDWLRQGHO¶H[WpULHXUHWO¶H[WpULRULVDWLRQ VLJQDOHQWO¶LUUpSDUDEOH(OOHVVHWLHQQHQWDOOXVLYHVj LQVWDOOpHVGDQVXQHFRKpUHQFHWUDJLTXHSULVHVGDQVXQ GHO¶LQWpULHXU$O¶LQVWDUGHFHOOHGpGLpHj$OHMDQGUD3L ODOLVLqUHGHO¶HVWKpWLTXHHWGHODSV\FKDQDO\VH(OOHV VHQWLPHQWG¶LQDGpTXDWLRQjVRLHWDXPRQGH ]DUQLNODWrWHHQYHUUHGpGLFDFpHj6\OYLD3ODWKUHQG VRQWjO¶LPDJHGHODSRpVLHG¶$QQD&ULVWLQD&HVDU©XQ Brève propédeutique du voir O¶LGHQWLWpGXVSHFWDWHXUFDUTXLUHJDUGHQHYRLWTXH 0DULH/LQGH2UWHJD FHTX¶LOYHXWELHQYRLUSHXWELHQYRLU3DORPD1DYD UHVYHXWQRXVIDLUHYRLUSDUDLOOHXUVDXWUHPHQWIHUPHU QRV\HX[TXDGULOOpVRUWKRQRUPpVSDUGHVDQQpHVGH El ver se da en un disponerse a ver: hay que mirar y ello determina una detención que el lenguaje usual recoge: «mira DYHUVL«ªORTXHTXLHUHGHFLUGHWHQWH\UHÀH[LRQDYXHOYHD mirar y mírate a la par, si es que es posible. […] El que mira es por lo pronto un ciego que no puede verse a sí mismo. Y así busca siempre verse cuando mira, y al par se siente visto: visto y mirado por seres… YLVLRQFRQIRUPpHIRUPDWpHHWQRXVOHVIDLUHURXYULU ÇWUHjGLVWDQFHGHQRWUHSURSUHUHJDUGSRXUQRXVIDLUH SHUFHYRLUFHSHXTXHQRXVYR\RQVG¶RUGLQDLUH'pMRXHU OHVSLqJHVGHTXHOTXHVVWpUpRW\SHVFXOWXUHOVPHQWDX[ HWVXUWRXWYLVXHOVQRXVPRQWUHUjWUDYHUVO¶+LVWRLUH FHOOHGHODSHLQWXUHRXGHODOLWWpUDWXUHFHVIHPPHV 0DUtD=DPEUDQRClaros del bosque, ©/RVRMRVGHODQRFKHª pSURXYHWWHV RX FHV VXLFLGpV FRPPH YLFWLPHV GH UH JDUGVPRUWLIqUHV 4XLWWHjFRPPHQFHUSDUOD¿Q3DORPD1DYDUHVHQ0L QHUYH1 /HV\HX[RXYHUWVOHV\HX[IHUPpVOHV\HX[ 'HVWLQpHIpPLQLQHPDLVSDVVHXOHPHQW3DORPD1DYD EDQGpV HW SOXV QRXV UHJDUGRQV HW SOXV QRXV QH UHVTXLVDLWELHQFHTXHUHJDUGHUYHXWGLUHV¶DWWDFKH YR\RQV TXH FH TXH QRXV UHJDUGRQV VDQV YRLU VDQV GHSXLVTXHOTXHVDQQpHVjFRQVWUXLUHSDUVHVGLVSRVLWLIV VDYRLUMXVTX¶jDFFHSWHUOHPDODLVHGHQRWUHYRLUWDQW YLVXHOVHWSODVWLTXHVOHVFRQWH[WHVPRUWLIqUHVORXUGV DWWDFKpDX[pYLGHQFHVDX[DSSDUHQFHV GHSUpMXJpVDXVVLORXUGVTXHOHVJDOHWVGDQVOHVSR FKHV GH 9LUJLQLD :RROI DXVVL SHVDQWV TXH OHV GDOOHV $WUDYHUVOHSOH[LJODVWUDQVSDUHQFHGXYHUUHRXORXSH WRPEDOHVTX¶HOOHPLWHQVFqQHGqVOHVDQQpHV2 HW JURVVLVVDQWHLOQRXVHVWGHPDQGpG¶{WHUHQ¿QQRV°LOOq TXHFHUWDLQVFUpDWHXUVGHVIHPPHVVXUWRXWPDLVSDV UHVSRXUTXHVWLRQQHUIRXLOOHUFUXHOOHPHQWFHTXHQRXV VHXOHPHQWRQWVXpFULUHVLELHQ UHJDUGRQVVDQV\YRLUDQHVWKpVLpVTXHQRXVVRPPHV SDUO¶pFUDQGHODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQRXSDUFHOXLGXVHLQGH 1&HOOHGXFDWDORJXHELHQVUROD©FKRXHWWHDYHXJOHªDOHV\HX[GH /XFUqFH-XGLWKRXÊYHDSSHOH]ODFRPPHYRXGUH]RX O¶DUWLVWHVHV\HX[TX¶HOOHDSUpVHQWpVVRXVWRXWHVOHXUVFRXWXUHVSURSUHV ELHQGLWHVODIHPPH6HLQEOHVVpWUDQVSHUFpUHQGXjVD H[LVWHQWHOOHVOHVSURSUHV"HW¿JXUpHV(VWFHOjOHVLJQHTXH©OHV \HX[GHO¶HVSULWªSUHQQHQWVHQVSRXUO¶DUWLVWHDXERUGGHODFpFLWp" GRXOHXUG¶rWUHO¶pFUDQTXLPDVTXHODYLHG¶XQHIHPPH SRXUTXHQRXVDFFHSWLRQVHQ¿QG¶HQFRQVLGpUHUODSDO 2 'HX[ FDWDORJXHV VRQW j FH WLWUH WUqV VLJQL¿FDWLIV SXLVTX¶LOV VRQW SLWDWLRQODWLpGHXUODGRXFHXUO¶KXPDQLWp/DYLHG¶XQH WRXMRXUV VRLJQHXVHPHQW pODERUpV SDU O¶DUWLVWH HOOHPrPH &HOXL GH IHPPHUpGXLWHjXQVHLQ{WH]FHVHLQTXHO¶RQQHVDX O¶H[SRVLWLRQ GH 9LHQQH HQ j OD FRXYHUWXUH QRLUH V¶RXYUH VXU XQH SDJH GH JDUGH GH SDSLHU JODFp LPLWDQW OH JUDQLW QRLU MDVSp GH UDLWYRLUPDLVODIHPPHGLVSDUDvWDYHF URVH GHV SLHUUHV WRPEDOHV &RIIUHW UHFWDQJXODLUH QRLU OH FDWDORJXH ,PiJHQHV GHO GHVHR HQ HO XPEUDO GH ORV VXHxRV (G 7DEDSUHVV FRQWLHQW GDQV VRQ LQWpULHXUFDYHDX DX[ SURSRUWLRQV WRPEDOHV XQ /HV\HX[EDQGpVTXHQRXVUHJDUGRQVQHQRXVGLVHQW SUHPLHUOLYUHWjODUHOLXUHFRPPHGHJUDQLWURVHGDOOHTXLUHFRXYUH ULHQF¶HVWjGLUHTX¶LOVQHQRXVUHQYRLHQWULHQGHQRXV KXLW FDUWHV LPSULPpHV HQ QRLU HW EODQF (OOHV FRUUHVSRQGHQW DX[ PrPHVPDLVELHQjQRXVPrPHVjFHGLI¿FLOHH[HUFLFH PRQWDJHVFROODJHV SDU OHVTXHOV O¶DUWLVWH D UpDOLVp GHV UHQFRQWUHV GXUHJDUG,OIDXGUDLWWRXMRXUVSUpFLVHU HQWUH IHPPHV LVVXHV G¶XQLYHUV SLFWXUDX[ DXVVL GLIIpUHQWV TXH FHX[ G¶,QJUHV7LWLHQ'HODURFKHRX5HPEUDQGW L’esthétique du tombeau WLRQWRPEHDXª5HQRXDQWDYHFFHTXLFRQVWLWXDGqVOH ;9 qPH Ici et lá-bas : Créer la tensión OHPHQWIpPLQLQH$SSURFKRQVUHJDUGRQVYUDLPHQWFH VLqFOHXQHSUDWLTXHDUWLVWLTXHHWVRFLDOHjODIRLV FROOLHUVLQRWUHUHJDUGSHXWHQVXSSRUWHUODFUXDXWpHQ 4XHOHVÀHXUVGHFHWWHH[SRVLWLRQDe l’âme blessée ne RO¶pYRFDWLRQGHVPRUWVDYDLWSRXUYRFDWLRQGHOHVLQV VXLYUHO¶HQWUHODFVGHÀHXUVUpXQLHVSDUGHVKDPHoRQV YRXVWURPSHQWSDVOHXUMROLHVVHSODVWLTXHGHSODV FULUHGDQVXQHPpPRLUHFROOHFWLYHHWHVWKpWLTXHHOOH WLTXH HVWGHFHOOHVTXLRUQHQWOHVFLPHWLqUHVFDUFHV GUHVVHjQRV\HX[OHVHI¿JLHVGHFUpDWHXUVHQVLWXD rWUHVOjIHPPHVVLVRXYHQWDVVRFLpHVjODEHDXWpGHV WLRQGHFUpDWHXUVPRXUDQWGHYRXORLUFUpHU8QHGHV ÀHXUVRXKRPPHVGRQWODIUDJLOLWpDSSDUDvWLFLVRXOL IRUFHVTXLVHGpJDJHGHFHVLQVWDOODWLRQVWLHQWDX[UHQ JQpH VRXV WDQW GH UHJDUGV VLGpUDQW VWpUpRW\SDQW FRQWUHVGRQWHOOHVVRQWOHVIUXLWVHQWUHO¶DUWLVWH3DORPD VRQW PRUWV HQ YLH /HV ÀHXUV QDWXUHOOHV SKRWRJUD 1DYDUHVHWFHUWDLQVFUpDWHXUVSRqWHVURPDQFLHUVG¶LFL SKLpHVSODVWL¿pHVSUHQQHQWDXVVLSDUWjFHWWHJUDP RXG¶DLOOHXUVHWTXLODSRXVVHQWjSDUOHUGHFHVPRUWV PDLUHIXQqEUHPrPHOHVERXJDLQYLOOLHUVDX[FRXOHXUV DYHFVDSURSUHYRL[)OHXUVHWKDPHoRQVPrOpVURFKHU pFODWDQWHVUHQGXVjOHXUIUDJLOLWpSDUDLVVHQWELHQORLQ EDWWXSDUOHVYDJXHVÀHXUVGHFHULVLHUVV¶pSDUSLOODQW /DEODQFKHXUWDQWXWLOLVpHSDU3DORPD1DYDUHVFHVGHU ODORXUGHXUGHODSLHUUH(QVHUHVVDLVLVVDQWGHVJD GHODEOXHWWHPLqYUHHWVHQWLPHQWDOH DXYHQWQRXVGLVHQWODFUXDXWpODYLROHQFHDVVDLOODQW QLHUVWHPSVEODQFKHXUGXOLWEODQFKHXUGHVPXUVGH OHWV 3DORPD 1DYDUHV OHV FKDUJH GH VHQV G¶XQ VHQV DXVVLEULOODQWVTXHODVXUIDFHUXWLODQWHGHFHVIDXVVHV Yo me preguntaba por la naturaleza de ese color, ¿era el pelo blanco un trofeo a la desmemoria ? ¿O quizá era todo lo contrario? ¿Era el blanco un color que contenía a todos los demás o un color que los había perdido ? Nunca sé si es el color de la sabiduría o del cansancio acumulado por la falta de respuestas de toda una vida. ÀHXUV¿JpHVpFUDVpHVGDQVODSODWLWXGHGXSODVWLTXH 'LJXHVSODJHVRXPXUVGHJDOHWVGRQWO¶DVVHPEODJH SUpVHUYHWRXMRXUVOHVLQWHUVWLFHVSDUOHVTXHOVVHJOLVVHU HWURPSUHO¶pWRQQDQWpTXLOLEUHODFRQVWUXFWLRQIUDJLOH 0 *XWLpUUH] Disección de una tormenta, 0DGULG(G6LUXHODS OHJDOHWQ¶HVWSDVGHSLHUUHODPHUO¶DpURGpFRUURGp WURXpSROLWUDQVIRUPpPDLVLOJDUGHO¶RSDFLWpEXWpHHW OHVFUpDWHXUVKpURwTXHVHWjTXHOSRLQWODFUpDWLRQHVW VHV©&KDPEUHVªQHFRQVWLWXHSDVOHVHXOpOpPHQWj SXLVTX¶HOOHOHVGpFODUHDXVHUYLFHGHODPpPRLUHSDU /HVERXJDLQYLOOLHUVPXOWLFRORUHVÀHXUVGHSUpGLOHFWLRQ , XQHPLUDFXOpHHWOHPRQXPHQWGHVRQFUpDWHXU5 /¶LQ GRXEOHOHFWXUHFKDTXHSLqFHFRQVWLWXWLYHG¶XQGLVSR OHELDLVGHVLQVFULSWLRQVGHVGHVVLQVTXLQRXVUDSSHO VRQWOHVF°XUVGHFHVFUpDWHXUVSDUFRXUXVG¶XQUp JpQLRVLWp GH FHUWDLQHV LQVWDOODWLRQV FUpH MXVWHPHQW VLWLIHWFHOXLFLHQGHUQLHUOLHXFRPSRVHXQHQVHPEOH OHQWFHVKRPPHVHWVHVIHPPHVGDQVOHXUYLHHWOHXUV VHDXGHYHLQHVGDQVOHTXHOSDVVHDXMRXUG¶KXLHQFRUH O¶pPHUYHLOOHPHQWPRUFHDXGHPHUPRXYDQWHWVRQRUH VRXVWHQGX SDU GHV G\QDPLTXHV RSSRVpHV /H EODQF °XYUHV UDYLYpSDUOHVUpLQVFULSWLRQVOHXUVDQJG¶HQFUHOHVEDW FRQWHQXGDQVODFRXSHEHUFHDXGHVPDLQVGHBrizo de UHQYRLHDVVXUpPHQWjODSRVVLELOLWpG¶LQVFULUHG¶pFULUH WHPHQWVGHOHXUVSKUDVHVGHOHXUVYHUVOHSHWLWTXR aguaRXGDQVXQFXEH jO¶pFUDQEODQFVXUOHTXHOSURMHWHUOHVYLVLRQVGHVUrYHV 0DLVQRQ,OQ¶\DSDVGHÀHXUjVHQWLUSDVGHJDOHWj WLGLHQGHVROLWXGHGHGpVDPRXUUDPDVVpHQXQHGDWH RXjODSDJHEODQFKHDORUVEODQFGHWRXVOHVSRVVLEOHV FDUHVVHUQRXVVRPPHVIDFHjOHXUWUDFHSKRWRJUDSKL XQQRP©MHVXLVIDWLJXpHª©OHVEDOVQRFWXUQHVª 1LWRPEHDXPXVLFDOQLWRPEHDXWH[WXHOOHWRPEHDX RXYHUWXUHHWFODUWpOXPLqUHGHODFUpDWLYLWp/HUHYHUV TXH XQH LPSUHVVLRQ VXU WUDQVSDUHQW OD YLGpR GH OD ©MHFRQQDLVOHIRQGGLWHOOHª©ODULYDOHª WHOTXHOHYRLW3DORPD1DYDUHVV¶DGUHVVHG¶XQHSDUWDX GXEODQFQ¶HVWSDVWRXMRXUVOHQRLUF¶HVWHQFRUHOHEODQF PHUULHQGHSUpVHQWULHQGHSDOSDEOHFRPPHSRXU VSHFWDWHXUHQOXLSUrWDQWVRQUHJDUGSRXUYRLUHQOXL SRUWpDX[OLPLWHVGXVXSSRUWDEOHDVHSWLVpPpGLFDOLVp DFFURvWUHO¶LPPLQHQFHGHODGLVSDULWLRQODIUDJLOLWpGH /HVERXJDLQYLOOLHUVVRQWOHXUVVH[HVjLQÀRUHVFHQFHV WHQGDQWVHVSURSUHVLQVWUXPHQWVGHYLVLRQFRPPHOD %ODQFGHO¶HIIDFHPHQWHWGHO¶RXEOLGXIURLGHWGHO¶DE FHWWHpYRFDWLRQGHFHWWHPpPRLUHYLVXHOOHODVLHQQH HWSURWXEpUDQFHVSpWDOHVHQF°XU'HVWLJHVXQLVVHQW ORXSHPDLVGHO¶DXWUHjFHVFUpDWHXUVPRUWVGHYHQXV VHQFHOHOLWGH.DINDOHOLWGHVFUpDWLRQVGH.DINDFH GRQWO¶DUWLVWHQRXVGHPDQGHGHSUHQGUHQRWUHSDUWHQ GHX[ÀHXUV$QQH6H[WRQHW6\OYLD3ODWKDXVVLVUH SLHUUHVHWHQOHXUSUrWDQWOHVDLOHVGHVRQQRP©3D OLWOLHXGHODPpWDPRUSKRVHGHODGRXOHXUHWGXUrYH QRXVIDLVDQWOHUHODLVGHVHV\HX[(QFHODJDOHWVHW PHQWTXHOHSRUWDQWGHPpWDOSRXUODFRPSOpPHQWDULWp ORPDª3DORPD1DYDUHVHQ3HWLW3RXFHWHOOHVqPH &RPPHQWRXEOLHUGDQVXQFRQWH[WHVLVRXYHQWIpPLQLQ ÀHXUVSKRWRJUDSKLpVHQWUHQWGDQVODWHQVLRQO¶DPEL GXVHOHWGXSRLYUHOHVUpXQLWGHQRXYHDXSDUGHOj GHVJDOHWVLQVFULWVHWVRQFKHPLQHPHQWUHQRXHjODIRLV XQHGHVYDOHXUVGXEODQFFHWWHSXUHWpJODoDQWHLPSR YDOHQFHGHVPRWVHQHX[PrPHVTXLGLVHQWjODIRLV O¶RFpDQ HOOHV pFULYHQW HW LQVFULYHQW GDQV OD FKDLU GH DYHFOHWXPXOXV VpHDYHFWDQWGHYLROHQFHDX[IHPPHVHWGRQW$OIRQ O¶DEVHQFHHWODSUpVHQFHHWOHXUFDSDFLWpjSHXSOHUOD ODÀHXUOHXUYLHHWOHXU°XYUH7LWUHVGHSRqPHVGH VLQD6WRUQLVHIDLVDLWO¶pFKRDXGpEXWGXVLqFOHGHUQLHU PpPRLUHGHFHWWHpWUDQJHSUpVHQFHHQDEVHQFH UHFXHLOVG¶RXYUDJHVjODFDOOLJUDSKLHSUpFLVHOHORQJ HQ$UJHQWLQH©7~PHTXLHUHVEODQFD>«@6REUHWRGDV GHVQHUYXUHV$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLNHVWDFFRPSDJQpHGH FDVWD'HSHUIXPHWHQXH&RURODFHUUDGD>«@ª/D /HVPRWVOHXUVPRWVWH[WHVHWSRqPHVSDUWRXWUpLQV VRQ°XYUHVXUFHOLWWRPEHDXGHERXJDLQYLOOLHUVIXFK YLGpRVRQRUHTXLOXLHVWGpGLpHQRXVODSUpVHQWHjOD FULWVUHYLYL¿pVFHSHQGDQW/HVPRWVGDQVOHVPDLQVj IRLVGDQVO¶pFXPHGHVYDJXHVHWVRXVODIRUPHG¶vORWGH SOHLQHVPDLQVGDQVOHVXVWHQVLOHVGXTXRWLGLHQVXUOHV OLSHVURVHVHWPDUJXHULWHV UpVLVWDQFH1RXVGLWLOODIRUFHGHVDFUpDWLRQRXODYLR IUDJPHQWVSLHGVPDLQVWrWHVOHVPRWVSRXUGLUHOD FRQVWUXLWOHVHXOWRPEHDXGLJQHG¶HOOHVWRPEHDXOp 4. &HV ÀHXUV PpGLWHUUDQpHQQHV GH OD IDPLOOH GHV Q\FWDJLQDFpHV OHQFHGHODEDWDLOOHOLYUpHFRQWUHO¶LPPHQVLWpGHODPHU VRXIIUDQFHODVROLWXGHOHGpVDPRXU©O¶LGHQWLWpFDV JHUWRXWGHFRXOHXUV/HVÀHXUVPRXYDQWHVHWVRQRUHV HQWUHWLHQQHQW GHV OLHQV P\VWpULHX[ DYHF O¶REVFXULWp OH QRLU WRXW GHVSUpMXJpVjO¶HQFRQWUHGHVIHPPHV" VpHª 3DORPD1DYDUHVDYDLWGpMjPLVHQ¿JXUHODGLI GHVFHULVLHUVOHVULGHDX[SDUXUHVGHIRUV\WKLDVOpJHUV FRPPHOHV©EHOOHVGHMRXUªHWFHODQ¶HVWVDQVGRXWHSDVXQKDVDUG 3./HVERXJDLQYLOOLHUVVRQWGpMjSUpVHQWVHQGDQVO¶LQVWDOODWLRQ VLD(OOHVRQWpWpWRXWHVWURLVGDQVO¶©(QIHUEODQFªGH Antesala del placerHWSOXVJpQpUDOHPHQWOHVÀHXUVHQSODVWLTXHWX O¶LQVWLWXWLRQSV\FKLDWULTXHDORUV3DORPD1DYDUHVOHXU GHSHQVpHVUHOLpVWRXMRXUVSDUOHFURFIpURFHGXKD OLEUHHQpFODLUDQWFHUWDLQV©PRUFHDX[GHFKRL[ªHP O¶LUUpPpGLDEOH /D SDUROH WRXW FRPPH OH JHVWH KpURwTXH IDoRQQH SUHQH]OHVDYHFGHVSLQFHWWHV$XSUHPLHUFRXSG¶°LO SUXQWpVDX[FODVVLTXHVGDQVVD©%RXWLTXHGHVVLOHQ VRQPRQXPHQWF¶HVWjGLUHDXVHQVFODVVLTXHGXWHUPHVRQHI¿JLH QRXVDYRQVUHFRQQXXQGHFHVDFFHVVRLUHVVLIpPLQLQV FHVª'L[DQVSOXVWDUGOHVIHPPHVHW VROHQQHOOHHWVRQWRPEHDXª&ODXGH(VWHEDQ3UpIDFHj)GH4XH VLFRQIRUPHVjO¶LGpHGHODFRTXHWWHULHFRQVXEVWDQWLHO OHVKRPPHVPDOJUpOHXUQRWRULpWpVRQWWRXMRXUVGp 5©,OVWpPRLJQHQWGXPRLQVGHFHGp¿ODQFpSDUXQKRPPHFRQWUH PHoRQWRPEHDX[HQFRUH (QHIIHW3DORPD1DYDUHVFUpHXQJHQUH©O¶LQVWDOOD YHGRMonuments de la mort'H\UROOHS ¿FXOWpG¶rWUHHQWLqUHGDQVVRQLQWpJULWpHWGHERXWHW 2XELHQSUHQH]FHVFROOLHUVJLJDQWHVTXHVDWWHQWLRQ FRXSpVD\DQWSHUGXYLVDJHVRXVODYLROHQFHH[HUFpHHW SRqPHTXLpWLUHVHVOLPLWHVSRXUPLHX[VHJOLVVHUGDQV OHVFRXSVSRUWpV3ODWK:RROI3L]DUQLN6WRUQL6H[ O¶LPDJHG¶XQOLYUHGHIDPLOOHFHOXLGH1DYDUHVOLYUHpOD WRQ*QGHURGH&HODQ0LVKLPD$NXWDJDZD)HPPHV ERUpDYHFGHVPDWpULDX[SDUWLFXOLHUVHWDYHFGHVSURFp HWKRPPHVVDQVYLVDJHSDVVDQVWrWHIUDFDVVpHRX GpVWHFKQLTXHVFRQWHPSRUDLQVVRQWDXWDQWG¶pOpPHQWV HQWLqUHPDLVSDUIRLVFRPPHDEVHQWpHGDQVODWUDQV TXLLGHQWL¿HQWGHVFRQVWDQWHVGDQVO¶XQLYHUVGHO¶DXWHXUH SDUHQFHHWVHYLGDQW/¶pWDJqUHVXUODTXHOOHUHSRVHOD TXLSUpVLGHQWjVHVMHX[VHVYDULDWLRQVVHVK\SRWKqVHV WrWHWUDQVSDUHQWHGpGLpHj6\OYLD3ODWKQRXVUDSSHOOH /¶DWPRVSKqUHFRPPH¿JXUHDUWLVWLTXH O¶KRUUHXUGHVDPRUWWrWHSORQJpHSRVpHGDQVOHIRXU 0DUJDULWD/HGR$QGLRQ LQFHUWDLQHVDXWUDQVIHUWGHVHVSHXUV GHODFXLVLQH0DLVLFLODWrWHDWUDYHUVpOHVRFOHSDU &HVLQGLFHVQRXVIRQWGpFRXYULUODPDWLqUHODSOXVLQWL ODVHXOHIRUFHGHVHVFKHYHX[SHQVpHVHVVDLPDQWj PHPHQWVpPLQDOHGHFH;;qPHVLqFOHO¶DI¿QLWpDYHFOH O¶LQVWDUGHVJUDLQHVGHVJHUPHVIpFRQGVLVVXVGHFHO V\VWqPHGHSHQVpHGH%HQMDPLQGHVFLQpDVWHVFRPPH OHVG¶$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLNRXGH3DXO&HODQ6HPHQFHV %UHVVRQGHVDUFKLWHFWHVFRPPH%DUUDJiQXQHSRVLWLRQ OHVPRWVVRQWXQDJLUFRPPHGDQVOHVSULqUHVFRPPH GDQVODTXHOOHFHTXLHVWLQWpULHXUO¶LQWpULHXUFHVSHWLWHV GDQVOHVMHX[GHO¶HQIDQFHHWF¶HVWDLQVLTXH3DORPD1D /¶REVHUYDWULFHODSHUVRQQHTXLUHJDUGHRXFHWWHDXWUH ERvWHVGpWHUPLQHO¶H[WpULHXU/DVXEMHFWLYLWpPrPHGDQV YDUHVLQVFULWODPpPRLUHGHFHVFUpDWHXUVÀHXUVpSKp TXL VH PHW j pFULUH FRPPH O¶DWWHVWH O¶H[LVWHQFH GH VRQH[SUHVVLRQODSOXVUDGLFDOHHWGDQVVDFRQVFLHQFHUp PqUHVHWGHOHXUVSURPHVVHVIpFRQGHVVXUODPRUWHW O¶RHXYUHDe l’âme blesséeVDYHQWTX¶HOOHVVRQWFKDTXH YROXWLRQQDLUHLQWHUYLHQWGDQVO¶KLVWRLUH&DULOQRXVVHUDLW FRQWUHODPRUW IRLVSOXVSDUWLHLQWpJUDQWHGHFHOLHQIUDJLOHTXLUHOLH LPSRVVLEOHGHVDLVLUSOHLQHPHQWFHTXHQRXVSURSRVH3D O¶REMHWDUWLVWLTXHOHPRGHGHUpDOLVDWLRQHWG¶H[KLELWLRQ ORPD1DYDUHVVLQRXVQRXVFRQWHQWLRQVGHVDELRJUDSKLH GHFHWREMHWDXGpVLUPrPHGHFRQQDLVVDQFH SHUVRQQHOOHHWGHVHPSUHLQWHVHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWIpPLQLQHV GHVRQRHXYUH6RQWUDYDLOHVWDXVVLOHIUXLWGHJUDQGHV 0DLVLOQHV¶DJLWSDVG¶XQVLPSOHGpVLUFRQFUHWGHFRQQDLV UXSWXUHVTXLVHODLVVHQWjSHLQHHQWUHYRLUGDQVOHVDUWLV VDQFHQLPrPHSKpQRPpQRORJLTXHLPSUpJQpGHO¶LQWHQ WHVTXLOXLVHUYHQWGHIDEOHGHFUpDWXUHVGHPRWLIOH WLRQG¶XQTXHOFRQTXHREVHUYDWHXUTXLFKHUFKHUDLWjpSLHU VXLFLGHSDUPLG¶DXWUHVIRUPHVGHGLVSDULWLRQGHPRGqOHV O¶RHXYUHG¶XQHDXWHXUHLOQHV¶DJLWSDVQRQSOXVG¶XQH FRPPH$OIRQVLQD6WRUQLRX9LUJLQLD:RROI UHFKHUFKHJpQpDORJLTXHRXGHVWLQpHjLGHQWL¿HUGDQV OHGLVFRXUVOHVWUDFHVGHFHTXLVHUDLWVSpFL¿TXHPHQW $XFRHXUPrPHGHVHVSUDWLTXHVDUWLVWLTXHV3DORPD1D IpPLQLQGDQVODUpDOLVDWLRQDUWLVWLTXHELHQTXHSDUIRLV YDUHVVHSODFHjO¶LQWHUVHFWLRQGXFRQFHSWXHO±FHWUDMHW ODPpPRLUHQRXVSRXVVHjUHWURXYHUFHUWDLQVLQGLFHVGH GXFRUSVGHODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQMXVTX¶jO¶HVSULWFHTXLHVW QRWUHSUpVHQFHGDQVO¶XQLYHUVGHVPRWVHWGHVLPDJHV,O LQWpULHXU±DYHFOHVXUUpHO±FHWWHLQWHQVLWpGXFRUSVGDQV V¶DJLWVXUWRXWGHVDYRLUFRPPHQWDFFpGHUjO¶H[SUHVVLRQ O¶HVSULWFHWLQVWDQWGHO¶DQJHGHO¶+LVWRLUH±FHWHQGURLW LQWLPHPHQWSHUVRQQHOOHGHO¶DXWHXUHHWjVDWHQWDWLYHGH TXLHVWOHVLHQFRUUHVSRQGjO¶HPSODFHPHQWGHFHWREMHW FRPPXQLFDWLRQDYHFFHTXLVHWURXYHGDQVXQDLOOHXUV DPRXUHX[jTXLQRXVGRQQRQVIRUPHSDUOHYHUEHHQWDQW DYHFGHVFRQVWHOODWLRQVOLWWpUDLUHVTXLGLDORJXHQWDYHFOHV TX¶REMHWpWUDQJHTXHQRXVQRPPRQVjSHLQHTXHQRXV SURSRVLWLRQVG¶XQ,WDOR&DOYLQRSRXUFHPLOOpQDLUHFHFL IDLVRQVJOLVVHUGDQVOHIUDJPHQWTXLHVWOHVLHQSRXUTXRL HVWOLpjODSHUFHSWLRQGHODIRQFWLRQGHODOLWWpUDWXUHTXL FHODOXLDSSDUWLHQGUDLWSOXVjHOOHDORUVTXHF¶HVWjPRL OXLSHUPHWGHMHWHUXQSRQWHQWUHFHTXLHVWGLIIpUHQWHQ TXHFHODDSSDUWLHQW«V¶DSSUrWHjQRXVGLUHO¶DPDQWGH WDQWTXHGLIIpUHQFHVDQVOLPHUOHVGLIIpUHQFHVPDLVHQ WRXWHVOHVSRpVLHVHQSURLHjGHVUkOHVMDORX[ UpYpODQWHWH[DOWDQWFHVGLIIpUHQFHVFDUF¶HVWHQFHODTXH FRQVLVWHODYRFDWLRQGHODODQJXHpFULWH 3RXUFHWWHUDLVRQM¶HVVD\HGHQHSDVPHODLVVHUHQWUDvQHU GDQVODFRQMRQFWLRQGHWertherHWGHBarthesSDUODQWGHOD 6$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN'LDULR;-HWUDGXLV /HTXRWLGLHQHQWDQWTX¶HVSDFHFXOWXUHOXQFKDQJHPHQW YpULWpGHODSDVVLRQ©SDUIRLVMHVXLVVXUSULVGHFRQVWDWHU GDQV OD IDoRQ G¶LQYHVWLU XQ HQGURLW TXHO TX¶LO VRLW OH TX¶XQDXWUHSXLVVHO¶DLPHUDLWOHGURLWGHO¶DLPHUDORUVTXH PRQDPRXUSRXUHOOHHVWVLH[FOXVLIVLSURIRQGG¶XQHWHOOH TXLRQWUHFRXUVjO¶DUWL¿FHHWOD¿FWLRQSRXUWHQWHUGH OHXUSpULRGHGHFUpDWLRQXQHGLFKRWRPLHTXHODSHQVpH 3RXUODFRQMXUHUFHODIDLWORQJWHPSVTXH3DORPD1DYDUHV SOpQLWXGHDORUVTXHMHQ¶DLULHQG¶DXWUHª-HWHQWHGHQH QHXWUDOLVHUFHTXLQRXVHVWSUpVHQWpFRPPHFHWWH©XQH KXPDQLVWHGHODSRVWJXHUUH6DUWUHWHQWHG¶DPRUWLU QRXVUDFRQWHVRQKLVWRLUHHQSDUWDQWGHVRQLQWpULRULWp SDVPHODLVVHUSLpJHUSDUFragments d’un discours amou- LQTXLpWDQWHpWUDQJpLWpªTXLQRXVHVWLQKpUHQWH±HWGH 8QVLqFOHTXLDQQRQFH©O¶KRPPHQRXYHDXªD¿QTX¶XQH ODSOXVLQWLPHXQHQDUUDWLRQTXLODSRUWHYHUVFHUWDLQV reuxTXH%DUWKHVpFULWDX[FRQ¿QVGHO¶pFULWXUHG¶DXWUXL QRXYHDXOHFRXSOH)UHXG.ULVWHYD«(WLO\DOHVFRQWHV SHWLWHDQJODLVHGHGL[QHXIDQVV¶HQIXLHj3DULVDYHF REMHWVTXLUHÀqWHQWjSHLQHFHTX¶LOVIXUHQWDXSDUDYDQW HWJUkFHjODTXHOOHQRXVDYRQVDSSULVjQRXVDSSURSULHU GH IpH FH WHUULWRLUH VL IpPLQLQ HQ WDQW TX¶XQLYHUV GH 0DU[(UQVWHWDVVLVWHDXGpPHPEUHPHQWGHFHTX¶HOOH ODFDQXOHDFFXHLOODQWHOHPRWFDQXOHFRPPHV\QHFGR XQHRHXYUHDUWLVWLTXHD¿QGHGRQQHUIRUPHjQRWUHSUR GRXFHXUSRXUDEULWHUO¶LQGXOJHQWHUHODWLRQHQWUHOHVLJQH YRLWHWTXHFHODODPqQHjO¶DVLOH/HRQRUD&DUULQJWRQ TXHGHODWRUWXUHODSKRWRG¶XQHFDQXOHSDUH[HPSOH SUHFDSDFLWpSDVVLRQQHOOH6LPDUpIpUHQFHHVWO¶RHXYUHGH O¶LPDJLQDLUHHWO¶H[LVWHQFHUpHOOH DUULYHPDOJUpWRXWjVHUpIXJLHUj1HZ<RUNHWDORUV 'HVREMHWVTXLVHOLYUHQWDX[REVHUYDWHXUVHQOHXUUpYp %DUWKHV3DORPDHVWWRXWHHQWLqUHGDQVGHVIUDJPHQWVGH HQWDQWTX¶DPDQWHGpODLVVpHjUHQWUHUGDQVOHFHUFOHGH ODQWOHXUIRQFWLRQHWOHXUUHSUpVHQWDWLRQDYDQWGHUpYpOHU :HUWKHUHWGDQVFHWLQWHUPLQDEOHGXR)UHXG.ULVWHYDOj ([LVWHQFHUpHOOHGHFHTXLHVWSURFKHGHO¶HVSDFHGRPHV O¶H[LODX0H[LTXHjFRQQDvWUHOHVXUUpDOLVPHjWURXYHU OHXUGLPHQVLRQV\PEROLTXHHWWRXWFHODVDQVGLVVRXGUH RDXFXQHPpODQFROLHQ¶HVWFDSDEOHG¶DQQXOHUODOXFLGLWp WLTXHHWFRPPHQWQ¶HQVHUDLWLOSDVDLQVLGHVÀHXUVGH OHVDOXW'HQRXYHDXF¶HVW/HRQRUD&DUULQJWRQFHOOHTXL SRXUFHOXLTXLFRQWHPSOHOHVVLJQL¿FDWLRQVVXI¿VDPPHQW GH6WRUQLORUVTX¶HOOHPHWHQFDXVHODGRXEOHPRUDOHGDQV O¶pWUDQJHGHVFRQVWHOODWLRQVGXFRUSV3DORPD1DYDUHV UHWURXYHOH6LqFOHVDQVRXEOLHUOHIpPLQLVPHO¶XQLYHUV DOpDWRLUHVVXVFHSWLEOHVGHOHPHQHUYHUVVHVSURSUHVH[ FHTXLHVWPDVFXOLQORUVTX¶HOOHUpFODPHO¶DFFXOWXUDWLRQGX HWVHVJpRJUDSKLHVKRVSLWDOLqUHVVHVWXEHVVHVÀXLGHV GRPHVWLTXHHQWDQWTX¶DOOpJRULHGHVSUDWLTXHVPDJL SpULHQFHVHWDWWDFKHPHQWVHIIDoDQWFHWLQVWDQWG¶pODQ PkOHJUkFHDXUHWRXUDXQDWXUHO VHVERXUGRQQHPHQWVUHF\FOpVHQVXEVWDQFHSRpWLTXH TXHV XQ HVSDFH TXL VH SUrWH PHUYHLOOHXVHPHQW j OD YLWDOHWOHWUDQVIRUPDQWHQXQYLGHKDELWpSRXUFHUWDLQV HQSRXEHOOHGHVROLWXGHV1DWXUHHWFXOWXUHLQGLVVRFLD FKDUDGHDX[pYRFDWLRQVP\WKRORJLTXHVGHVDFXOWXUH G¶HQWUHQRXVGHQRWUHSURSUHLPDJLQDLUHGHODPRUWOD Tu me veux chaste … EOHPHQWOLpHVOHUpIpUHQWOHV\PEROLTXHHWODIDEULTXH SpULSKpULTXHHWFHOWHjODFXLVLQHHWjVRQDOFKLPLHOL SHUWH&¶HVWOjXQHGHVpWDSHVOHVSOXVFRQQXHVHWOHVSOXV Tu me veux aube, GHVUrYHVVDQVFHVVHPLVHHQURXWHD¿QGHQRXVOLYUHU EpUDWULFH(WF¶HVWDORUVTX¶DUULYH3DORPD1DYDUHVOD FRPPHQWpHVGXSURFHVVXVGHFUpDWLRQGHO¶DUWLVWH0DLV Tu me veux écume, FHUWDLQVVLJQHVTXLQRXVIRQWSUHQGUHFRQVFLHQFHGDQV PDLQUHPSOLHGHJDOHWVSROLVDYHFVHVUpSHUWRLUHVVHV GDQVFHFDVO¶REMHWGHODQpJDWLRQHVWUpGXLWjXQVLPSOH Tu me veux nacre XQHPrPHLPSUHVVLRQGHUDSLGLWpHWGHIUDJLOLWpGHOD pSLQJOHVTXLIRQGHQWFRPPHGHODJODFHGDQVXQYHUUHj EUXLWGHO¶HQYLURQQHPHQW/DWRXUQXUHOLQJXLVWLTXHQRXV « UHQFRQWUHHQWUH3DORPDHWVHVSRqWHVGXFRUSVHQWDQW FRFNWDLODYHFVHVFDWDUDFWHVGHOXPLqUHDYHFOHJHVWH FRQGXLWYHUVG¶DXWUHVOLHQVDYHFG¶DXWUHVFRUSVG¶DXWHXUV TXH PRXYHPHQW SHUSpWXHO GH O¶kPH GH O¶pFULWXUH DX KpULWpGHVHVSRqWHVJHVWHG¶XQHDLVDQFHHWG¶XQHpOp GRQWOHWHUULWRLUHHVWOLpjODGRXOHXUTXLIHUDLHQWVXUJLU $XEHpFXPHQDFUH«OHVDVSHFWVYLVXHOVGDQVODSRp PRPHQWGHVDQDLVVDQFHLO\DFLQTPLOOHDQVGDQVXQ JDQFHDI¿UPpHVDXPRPHQWGHVDGLHX[(WDYHFWRXWFH XQHDWPRVSKqUHLUUHVSLUDEOHGHIHXLOOHVPRUWLIqUHVG¶KD WLTXHGH$OIRQVLQD6WRUQLVHUHWURXYHQWpJDOHPHQWGDQV SD\VG¶DUJLOHpFULWXUHRODSRLQWHWULDQJXODLUHHWDFpUpH TX¶HOOHDGDQVVHVEDJDJHVHOOHQRXVGRQQHjFRQWHP PHoRQVGHUpVLQHVVLO¶HQIDQWVRUFLqUHQ¶DYDLWSDVpWpHQ FHWWHSHUIRUPDQFHXQLTXHTXHUHSUpVHQWHVRQVXLFLGH G¶XQHFDQXOHVLPSOL¿HHWVW\OLVHOHWUDLWTXHQRXVUpYpOq SOHUFHTX¶HOOHQRXVRIIUHDe l’âme blesséeFRPPHVL PHVXUHJUkFHjXQH[WUDRUGLQDLUHWRXUGHIRUFHGHQRXV DVSLUpHSDUOHVHDX[ODIDoRQODSOXVUDGLFDOHG¶DIIURQWHU UHQWOHVKDELWDQWVGHOD%DVVH0pVRSRWDPLH QRXVQRXVUHJDUGLRQVDXGpEXWG¶XQHLG\OOH IDLUHSpQpWUHUVXUOHVDLOHVGHO¶kPHGDQVODVpGXFWLRQGX ODQRUPHGHODIHPPHFKDVWHTXHODVRFLpWpUpFODPDLW GLDSKDQHGHODWUDQVSDUHQFHGDQVO¶DWPRVSKqUHTXLQRXV jFULV(WQRXVQHQRXVVHQWRQVSDVGLIIpUHQWVORUVTXH &LQTPLOOHDQVG¶pFULWXUHVRQWSUpVHQWVGDQVOHWUDFp &DU GDQV XQH LG\OOH TXL HVW GDQV O¶DUW OH PRPHQW GH QRXVOLVRQVXQSRqPHRXQRXVFRQWHPSORQVODIRUPH GHVOHWWUHVGH3DORPD(WODUXSWXUH/H;;qPHVLqFOH ODJHQqVHGHO¶LGpHLOQ¶H[LVWHQLO¶DEVHQFHQLPrPH SODVWLTXHGHVpFULWXUHVGH3DORPD1DYDUHVSHQGDQWTXH LUUpPHGLDEOHPHQWVFLQGpHQGHX[DXPRPHQWRQDvW O¶pORLJQHPHQWGHFHTXLIXWHWHQFRUHPRLQVODSHUWH 'DQVFHWWHH[SRVLWLRQTXHQRXVDYRQVSULVOHSDUWLG¶RE QRWUHUHJDUGDFFXHLOOHO¶LPDJHSODFLGHG¶XQHRGHXUOHWDFW 3DORPD HW R XQH DXWUH DUWLVWH /HRQRUD &DUULQJWRQ &DUGDQVXQHLG\OOHWRXWSHXWHWYDDUULYHU/DYLHHVW VHUYHUHQFRQVLGpUDQWO¶DWPRVSKqUHFRPPHXQH¿JXUH IURLGGHODEDJXHWWHHWV¶RXYUHjO¶KRUVFKDPSFUppSDUOH QRXV ODLVVD Mémoires d’en bas WUDFH GH VRQ VpMRXU YLH FDU OD ÀHXU GX FHULVLHU VH ¿JH FRPPH VH ¿JHQW H[SUHVVLYHLUUHPSODoDEOHGDQVODSUDWLTXHDUWLVWLTXHLO SRqPHGHIDoRQjFHTXHQRXVQRXVWURXYLRQVMXVWHGDQV GDQVO¶DVLOHGHODYLOOHGH6DQWDQGHU OHVSHQVpHVHWODIHXLOOHHPEDXPpHGXFRTXHOLFRW/H HVWYUDLTXH3DORPDV¶HQWRXUHGHFRPSOLFHVTXLQRXV ODGLVWDQFHQpFHVVDLUHSRXUpJUHQHUOHWHPSVGHFKDFXQH DFFXHLOOHGDQVOHVOLHX[GHO¶([SRVLWLRQ %LEOLRWKqTXH VXEOLPHDOHVDLOHVGHFHTXLQ¶H[LVWHSDVHQFRUH±OH DLGHQWjUHWURXYHUOHFKHPLQGHVDSURSUHQDUUDWLRQVD GHVRHXYUHVGDQVFHWWHFDVFDGHHQVXVSHQVLRQRXSRXU &RPPHSRXUG¶DXWUHVFUpDWULFHVO¶RHXYUHGH3DORPD KDLN~OHSOXVPRELOLVDWHXUPDGHLQ']LJD9HUWRYODLV YRORQWpGHVHOLYUHUDX[DXWUHVHWGHSDUWDJHUO¶LQFRQQX PRGHOHUOHGpVLUGHFHTXLQRXVPDQTXHHQFRUHGHFHWWH 1DYDUHVFRQVWLWXHG¶DERUGXQDFWHTXLSHUPHWGHGLV VRQVQRXVDOOHUVXUOHVDLOHVGHO¶K\SRWKqVH±HWWRXV DYHFHX[HOOHOHIDLWHQODLVVDQWGp¿QLWLYHPHQWGHUULqUH RHXYUHRHXYUHTXLWHOOHXQpFKHYHDXWpQXVHSURORQJH WLQJXHUSXLVGHFKRLVLUFHTXHODLVVqUHQWG¶DXWUHVDXWHX OHVpOpPHQWVVHFRPELQHQWHQWDQWTXHSUpOXGHjXQ HOOHO¶DQJHGHO¶KLVWRLUHOHIR\HUpJDOHPHQWSRXUGHYH HWGRQWQRXVVDYRQVJUkFHDX[VXSSRUWVTX¶HOOHXWLOLVH UHVXQKpULWDJHTXLHVWjO¶RULJLQHHWDXFRHXUGHVRQ DXWUHPRPHQWODURPDQFHRVRQWGpMjSUpVHQWVOH QLUXQHDUWLVWHVDQVHVWRPSHUOHVPDUTXHVGXJHQUH ODSKRWRODYLGpROHVRQ«TX¶HOOHDSSDUWLHQWjQRWUH H[SUHVVLRQSODVWLTXHHWGHODTXDOLWpG¶XQHFHUWDLQHDW OLHQHWO¶DEVHQFHDXPRPHQWGHODVpSDUDWLRQODVRXI OHIpPLQLQGXGpVLUODFUpDWLRQGHODVXEVWDQFH FRQWHPSRUDQpLWpXQHRHXYUHTXLQRXVOHVDYRQVJUkFH PRVSKqUHGHFHTXLHVWXQHIDoRQSDUWLFXOLqUHG¶H[ IUDQFHODIROLHODGRXOHXU«PDLVWRXWFHTX¶HQWUDvQH SDVVLRQO¶DXUDGXSURFKHHWGXORLQWDLQGXVLOHQFH DX[GpFRUVTX¶HOOHXWLOLVHDSSDUWLHQWjXQHFRPPXQLWDV SULPHUHWTXLVXUJLWORUVTX¶LOIDXWDOOHUYHUV©FHWDXWUH ODVpSDUDWLRQQHPqQHSDVVXUXQHYRLHVDQVUHWRXU 3DORPD V¶HQWRXUH GH 6WRUQL HW GH :RROI HQWUH DXWUHV HWTXLSDUOHVREVHVVLRQVTX¶HOOHUHÀqWHODFUpDWLRQ DLOOHXUVªODSHUFHSWLRQ8QVLqFOHVFLQGpHQGHX[HWHW -XVTX¶jFHTXHQRXVSpQpWULRQVGDQVOHVHDX[GDQV IHPPHVHWKRPPHVV¶HQYHORSSHGHODPDWLqUHIUDJLOH ODVROLWXGHO¶DPRXUO¶LGHQWLWpO¶DOWpULWp±V¶LQVFULWGDQV GRQWODUXSWXUHVHPEOHH[SOLTXHUG¶DSUqVFHUWDLQVOD O¶DEVROXGDQVODPpODQFROLHGDQVO¶LGpHPrPHG¶DEvPH GHO¶LPDJLQDLUHDWWHLJQDEOHJUkFHjODGpFRPSRVLWLRQGHV OD¿OLDWLRQpYLGHQWHGHFHUWDLQVFUpDWHXUVHWFUpDWULFHV GLFKRWRPLHRSSRVDQWGHVRHXYUHVGLIIpUHQWHVTXDQWj ODLVVpHSDUOH6LqFOH'DQVODSHUWH FHUWLWXGHVGXSURFHVVXVKLVWRULTXHHWDYHFVHVGRLJWV± OHWDFWVLHVVHQWLHOODWH[WXUHODOXPLqUHTXLVHVRXPHW pPRWLRQVTX¶jODFRQGLWLRQTX¶HOOHVLQWqJUHQWXQHGRVH FKDXGHOXPLqUHGH¿QGHMRXURXHQFHWWHDXWUHOXPLqUH O¶HQWUHEDLOOHPHQWTXLQRXVPqQHDXPHUYHLOOHX[±HOOH GHGRXOHXUGHFXOSDELOLWpGHFKkWLPHQWHWG¶DXWRSXQL WLVVpHGHEUXPHGH%HUHQJXHOD&HWWHSUpVHQFHODWHQWH WLVVHXQHDWPRVSKqUHRQRXVQRXVUHWURXYRQVHWFHOD WLRQ3DORPDQHGpVLUHSDVODPRUWHWSRXUDIIURQWHUVRQ GDQVGHVYLOOHVDXFOLPDWYDULDEOHROHVDQJHVGp¿OHQW 5RODQG %DUWKHV HW VHV Fragments d’un discours amoureux, JUkFHjGHVFKRVHVH[SOLFLWHVGRQWODIRQFWLRQHWODYD ©.RVWDWªHOOHUpXWLOLVHGHVUHOLTXHVGHVREMHWVGRX jODYLWHVVHSHQVpHWLVVHQWGHVOLHQVHWGpPRQWUHQWXQH O¶,WDOR &DOYLQR GH Six propositions pour le prochain millénaire OHXUUpSpWpHSHUVLVWHQWGDQVOHWHPSV&DUGDQVWRXWH ORXUHX[GHVHVSDFHVRV¶LPSULPHODPpPRLUH3DORPD JUDQGHKDELOHWpjFKRLVLUOHXUVGpFRUVOHVHVFDOLHUVOHV HW WRXMRXUV FHOXL GH Colezione di sabbia -XOLD .ULVWHYD GDQV RHXYUHO¶DWPRVSKqUHHVWFHTX¶LO\DGHSOXVFRQYHQ 1DYDUHV VH UDFRQWH j QRXYHDX GDQV FHWWH GLI¿FXOWp j PDFKLQHVOHVpWDJqUHVGHV%LEOLRWKqTXHV«HWORUVTX¶LOV VRQRHXYUHEtrangers à nous-mêmesOHVpWXGHVGH,QrV*LOVXU WLRQQHOGHSOXVQRUPDWLIFHTXLQRXVUDPqQHDXSRLQW pWDEOLUXQHUHODWLRQVHQVRULHOOHDYHFFHTX¶HOOHQRXVOLYUH GHYLHQQHQWYLVLEOHVORUVTX¶LOVQRXVODLVVHQWOHVUHFRQQDv GHGpSDUWjOD¿QGXMHXXQFRUSVTXLVHSURWqJH QDWXUHOOHPHQWHOOHUHFRGL¿HOHVWH[WHVHOOHLPSUqJQH WUHJUkFHjOHXUVDLOHVLOVMRXHQWXQU{OHELHQSUpFLVHW OHVXMHWG¶XQHJODFLDOHLPPpGLDWHWpDYHFVRQGpWDFKH IRQFWLRQQHOOHVDQJHVDYHFOXQHWWHVGHO¶pJOLVH7UDV6D (WFKDTXHpOpPHQWQRXVSUpSDUHjQRXVVXEPHUJHUGDQV PHQWVRQpWRQQHPHQWSURIRQGHOOHYHXWOLEpUHUO¶H[ ORPpSRXUQRXVDYHUWLUTXH'LHXDFFHSWHTXHQRXVSRU O¶DWPRVSKqUHH[SUHVVLYHTXLQRXVOLHDX[FUpDWLRQVGH SUHVVLRQJUkFHjO¶DUWL¿FHXQDUWL¿FHTXLHVWXQHSDUWLH WLRQVGHVOXQHWWHVOHVDQJHVSRWHOpVHWjQRLUHFKHYHOXUH 3DORPDF¶HVWJUkFHjO¶pODERUDWLRQG¶XQHFHUWDLQHDW GHFHFKHPLQTXHO¶REVHUYDWHXUGHVRQRHXYUHSDUFRXUW FDULOVVRXWLHQQHQWOHVDXWHOVOHVFKpUXELQVURPDQWLTXHV PRVSKqUHTXHVXUJLWFHWXQLYHUVVSpFLDOGDQVOHTXHOXQLV DYHFO¶DUWLVWHSRXU3DORPDLOQ¶\DDXFXQGRXWHVXUOD GHVDPSKLWpkWUHVHWGHO¶+HXUHGHO¶$QJHOXVORUVTXHOH jGLVFXWHUGHODPDQLqUHHWGHODIDoRQGHQRXVUDFRQWHUQRXV SDUXQOLHQWpQXVHUHWURXYHQWO¶DUWLVWHO¶RHXYUHHWOH FDSDFLWpFRJQLWLYHGHO¶LPDJLQDWLRQHOOHFRQFHSWXDOLVHOHV UHSRVGHPLGLV¶LQVWDOOHHWTXHO¶DQJHGXFRPPHUFHDX PrPHV(WELHQVUFHUWDLQVGHPHVSURSUHVWH[WHVVXU9LUJLQLD VSHFWDWHXU&RPPHO¶pFUDQGDQVODVDOOHFRPPHOHGUDS WKpRULHVGXFRUSVQRXVPRQWUHODYRLHSRXUQRXVLQVpUHU FDVTXHDLOpGH0HUFXUHHQWUHGDQVODYLOOH HQFRWRQGXOLWFRPPHO¶KHUEHUDVHGDQVOH0XVpH GDQVVRQUpFLWSDUOHELDLVGHODUpSRQVHGHODFDGHQFH TXLU\WKPHOHVRVFLOODWLRQVGXVRXIÀHGHODUpSOLTXHSDU /D¿FWLRQF¶HVWPRL«/¶DWPRVSKqUHTXLP¶RIIUHODMRXLV (WSXLVDYHFO¶DUULYpHG¶XQHVSpFLDOLVWHGHODPLVHHQVFqQH ODPRGXODWLRQGHFHTXLHVWjSHLQHpEDXFKpGDQVODUp VDQFHGHODQDUUDWLRQSURFKHJUkFHjDe l’âme blessée. FLQpPDWRJUDSKLTXH,QrV*LOMHPHWVGHF{WpOHVGRXWHV SOLTXHFRPPHV¶LOV¶DJLVVDLWG¶XQHGDQVHSDUODPLVH 0RLDXVVLMHPHWVGHO¶RUGUHGDQVPHVSHWLWHVERvWHV TXHM¶DLSXDYRLUTXDQWjODWH[WXUHGHFHWWHDWPRVSKqUH HQVFqQHSDUODFRPSRVLWLRQDYHFGHVLPDJHVHWSDUOHV 3DORPDGDQVPRQUpSHUWRLUHGHVDYHXUVFRPPHSDU GHPrPH6HUUHVP¶DYDLWPRQWUpFRPPHQWGpFRXYULUGHV FRQWHQXVOLWWpUDLUHVTXLVRQWO¶pQLJPHLPSUpJQDQWO¶REMHW H[HPSOH O¶DPHUWXPH G¶XQH IULDQGLVH LQFRQQXH 0RL DQJHVVXUOHVWDSLVURXODQWVGHO¶DpURSRUWSDUH[HPSOH DUWLVWLTXHG¶XQHH[SUHVVLRQG¶XQHHPSDWKLHHWWRXWFHOD DXVVLMHVXLVREOLJpHGHUDQJHUPHVULWXHOVD¿QGHWURX /HV VRXSoRQV YRQW FRUURGHU OD FRQYLFWLRQ TXL pWDLW OD FRPPHVLQRXVHQUDFLQLRQVO¶DWPRVSKqUHGDQVXQSUp YHUODWUDFHGHODSHUWH3RXUHIÀHXUHUOHVSHUWHVTXL PLHQQHjVDYRLUTXHO¶DWPRVSKqUHpWDLWXQ©GpMjYXª VHQWpWHUQHO RQWIDLWGHQRXVOHVDXWUHVTXHQRXVVRPPHV(WF¶HVW XQHFKRVHUDUHPDLVDFFHVVLEOHTXLGpSHQGDLWGHO¶DUWLVWH Références /¶DWPRVSKqUHHQWDQWTXH¿JXUH¿OPLTXH6XVDQD$OEHUWKGDQV VRQRXYUDJHSurréalisme, alchimie et art&LSULDQR-LPpQH]HW VHVOHWWUHVGDQVOHVTXHOOHVLOpJUqQHODGLIIpUHQFHHQWUHOHOLHQOD VpSDUDWLRQODSHUWHTX¶LODDSSULVjFRQQDvWUHGHSXLV-RKQ%RZO E\/HVRXYHQLUDJUpDEOHG¶XQHWDEOHURQGHjODTXHOOHM¶DLSDU WLFLSpj%DUFHORQHDYHF3DORPDHWRLOIDOODLWSDUOHUGH0LJXHO 5tR%UDQFRHWSHQGDQWODTXHOOHQRXVDYRQVSDVVpQRWUHWHPSV jFHPRPHQWSUpFLVTXHODPpODQFROLHJOLVVHHWLPSUq GHVRQKDELOHWpjODIDLUHVDLVLU$SUpVHQWMHVDLVTX¶HOOH /D JHVWDWLRQ GH O¶RHXYUH D FRPPHQFp LO \ D SOXVLHXUV JQHFHTXHQRXVDSSHORQVSRXUPLHX[QRXVFRPSUHQ GpSHQGGHO¶LQWHQVLWpGHQRWUHUHJDUGTXHFHQ¶HVWSDV PRLVGDQVXQHELEOLRWKqTXHSXEOLTXHFDUF¶HVWXQGHFHV GUHH[SpULHQFHDUWLVWLTXH XQUpVXOWDWPDLVXQFDWDO\VHXUGDQVODFRQVWUXFWLRQGHFH HVSDFHVGHFHVOLHX[SXEOLFVRQRXVQRXVUHWURXYRQV TXHO¶RQDSSHOOHVHQVLELOLWpHWTXHHQ¿QGHFRPSWHOD SRXUFKDTXHUHQFRQWUHFDUF¶HVWO¶LQWHUVWLFHRVHGpSOD VHQVLELOLWpF¶HVWPRL±OD¿FWLRQF¶HVWPRL±SRXUUHSUHQ FHQWHWHUUHQWOHVDQJHVVXUWRXWGHSXLVLes ailes du désir GUHOHVPRWVGH*RGDUGF¶HVWFHTXLP¶LPSOLTXHGDQV GH:HQGHUVHWSDUFHTXHOHXURFFXOWDWLRQHQWUHGLIIp FKDTXHPDWpULDXGDQVODIRUPHODFRXOHXUODOXPLqUHHQ UHQWHVDSSDULWLRQVDPRGHOpWHVWHUULWRLUHVHQWHQVLRQ PRXYHPHQWOHFRUSVOHGLVSRVLWLIWHFKQLTXHF¶HVWWRXW 3DORPDODLVVDQWWUDQVSDUDvWUHGDQVOHXUPLURLUWUDQVOX FHODTXLWLVVHGHVOLHQVH[SUHVVLIVHWG¶HPSDWKLHDYHFOD FLGHOHVFRGHVGHFRXOHXUODOXPLqUHO¶HVSDFHODWHQWTXH FRPSRVLWLRQGHFKDFXQHGHVRHXYUHV WXUHFKHUFKHVGDQVFKDTXHUpDOLVDWLRQOHYHUUH /HVRXYUDJHVSDUOHQWGHFOLPDWpPRWLRQQHOHWLOVHPEOH /DYLOOHGH6DQWLDJRG¶RMHW¶pFULVHVWODWHQWHHOOHDXVVL \DYRLUjSRUWpHGHPDLQODSRVVLELOWpGHVDYRXUHUOD F¶HVWXQHGHFHVYLOOHVWRXMRXUVERXFKHEpHTXLH[WRUTXH VpGXFWLRQGHVHODLVVHUHQWUDvQHUYHUVOHVHDX[RO¶RQ HWIDLWFLUFXOHUOHVPHVVDJHVOHVSOXVGLYHUVYLOOHjO¶DIIW GpFRXYUHOHV\PEROHGHFHGpVLUGHWUDQVSDUHQFHGH GHFHTXLDSSDUDvWHWGLVSDUDvWHWR±VLMHP¶HQWLHQVDX[ ODSHWLWHSRFKHTXLJOLVVHGHQRWUHLQQRFHQFHODwTXH OHoRQVGH0LFKHO6HUUHVMHGpFRXYUHIDFLOHPHQWFHUWDLQHV 0DLVRQQHSHXWDFFHSWHUSDUGRQQHUHWFRPSUHQGUHOHV FDWpJRULHVG¶DQJHVWUDQVIRUPpVHQÀX[HQVLIÀHPHQWHQ In the garden of Paloma Navares: En el jardín de Paloma Navares: Flowers Against anaesthsia Flores contra la anestesia 0DUWD0DQWHFyQ 0DUWD0DQWHFyQ ³$VZHPXVWQHYHUIRUJHWZRPHQRULJLQDWHGLQ3DUD ³'HORVRUtJHQHVGHODPXMHUKD\TXHUHFRUGDUDQWH GLVH0DQZDVIRUPHGIURPWKHGXVWRIWKHGHVHUWEXW WRGR TXH VH VLW~DQ HQ HO SDUDtVR 0LHQWUDV TXH HO ZRPDQZDVERUQDPRQJVWWKHÀRZHUVDQGWKHOX[X KRPEUH IXH IRUPDGR HQ HO SROYR GHO GHVLHUWR OD 1 ULDQWYHJHWDWLRQRI3DUDGLVH´ 0LFKHO7RXUQLHUHODER PXMHU QDFLy EDMR ODV ÀRUHV \ ODV SODQWDV JUDVDV GHO UDWHV KRZ ÀRZHUV KDYH DOZD\V VLQFH WKH EHJLQQLQJ SDUDtVR´ 0LFKHO 7RXUQLHU FXHQWD FyPR ODV ÀRUHV RIWLPHEHHQOLQNHGWRZRPHQDQGKRZWKLVP\WKLF DSDUHFHQ YLQFXODGDV D OD PXMHU GHVGH HO SULQFLSLR RULJLQH[SODLQVZRPHQ¶VSV\FKRORJ\DQGRXWORRN$W GH VX H[LVWHQFLD VLWXDQGR HQ HVWH RULJHQ PtWLFR HO WKH VDPH WLPH KH MX[WDSRVHV WKH LGHD RI PDQ DQG SXQWR GH SDUWLGD GH VX SVLFRORJtD \ ORV UDVJRV GH ZRPDQDVWKHFRQFHSWXDORULJLQVRIRXUWKLQNLQJSDW VXFDUiFWHUDODYH]TXHRSRQHODVLGHDVGHhombre WHUQV DQG GHYHORSV WKH LGHD RI KRZ WKH\ IDFH HDFK \ mujer FRPR SULPHURV FRQFHSWRVFODYH GH QXHVWUR RWKHU DV PLUURUV DQG WKHUHE\ DFTXLUH WUDQVSDUHQF\ SHQVDPLHQWR TXH HQIUHQWDGRV FRPR HQ XQ HVSHMR DQGUHYHDOWKHLUHVVHQFHV VHYXHOYHQWUDQVSDUHQWHV\PDQL¿HVWDQVXHVHQFLD 7KURXJKRXWKLVWRU\ZRPHQKDYHDOZD\VEHHQGH¿QHG $ OR ODUJR GH OD KLVWRULD OD PXMHU KD VLGR GH¿QLGD ZLWK UHIHUHQFH WR PHQ DV EHLQJ D FXOWXUDO SURGXFW VLHPSUHHQUHIHUHQFLDDOKRPEUHFRPRXQSURGXFWR 1 2 2 JHQHUDWHGE\VRFLHW\ 'XULQJWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKH FXOWXUDOFRQVWUXLGRVRFLDOPHQWH 'XUDQWHODVHJXQ WK FHQWXU\ HVSHFLDOO\ IURP WKH VL[WLHV RQZDUG D GDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;;\HVSHFLDOPHQWHDSDUWLUGHORV QHZ JHQHUDWLRQ RI ZRPHQ DUWLVWV PDNHV LWV DSSHD VHWHQWDDSDUHFHXQDQXHYDJHQHUDFLyQGHFUHDGRUDV UDQFH 7KHVH ZRPHQ DSSURDFK WKHLU ZRUN VR DV WR TXHYDQDHMHUFHUODSUiFWLFDDUWtVWLFDGHVGHODSHUV UHÀHFW WKHLU RZQ SDUWLFXODU ZRUOGYLHZ E\ DQDO\VLQJ SHFWLYD GHO VXMHWR DQDOL]DQGR VX SURSLD LGHQWLGDG \ WKHLURZQLGHQWLW\DQGTXHVWLRQLQJWKHWUDGLWLRQWKDW FXHVWLRQDQGRODYLHMDWUDGLFLyQTXHKDEtDFRQYHUWLGR KDGWUDQVIRUPHGZRPHQLQWRSXUHO\SDVVLYHREMHFWV DODPXMHUHQXQREMHWRGHFRQWHPSODFLyQDEVROXWD RI FRQWHPSODWLRQ ,Q VR GRLQJ LW ZDV D JHQHUDWLRQ PHQWHSDVLYRSDUDRIUHFHUXQSXQWRGHYLVWD³RWUR´ RIZRPHQWKDWRIIHUHGDQ³DOWHUQDWLYH´DSSURDFKWKDW TXH WUDtD FRQVLJR OD GHFRQVWUXFFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD DQ GHFRQVWUXFWHG WKH GRPLQDQW DQGURFHQWULF YLHZ RI GURFpQWULFR GRPLQDQWH 8QR GH ORV FDXFHV D VHJXLU OLIH2QHRIWKHOLQHVWKHVHZRPHQIROORZHGZDVWR IXHODDSURSLDFLyQGHODQDWXUDOH]DFRPRLPDJHQDO XVHQDWXUHDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHLPDJHRIZKDWFRQVWLWX WHUQDWLYDGHORIHPHQLQRDQWHULRUDFXDOTXLHUFRQV WHGWKHIHPLQLQHDQGWRHVWDEOLVKE\GRLQJVRWKDW WUXFFLyQVRFLDOKDFLHQGRYLVLEOHVXQDVHULHGHDVSHF WKHIHPLQLQHSUHGDWHGDOOWKHVRFLDOFRQVWUXFWVZKLFK WRVTXHVHKDEtDQPDQWHQLGRHQODRVFXULGDGGXUDQWH IRUPDQ\FHQWXULHVKDGRYHUODLGLW7KHLFRQRJUDSKLF VLJORV /D UHODFLyQ LFRQRJUi¿FD HQWUH OD PXMHU \ HO UHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ ZRPDQ DQG WKH QDWXUDO ZRUOG KDG PHGLRQDWXUDO\DH[LVWtDGHVGHPXFKRWLHPSRDWUiV DOUHDG\ H[LVWHG LQ WKH SDVW EXW WKLV QHZ DSSURDFK SHURFDPELyGHPDQHUDVXVWDQFLDOODPDQHUDGHHQ EURXJKW RXW D ZKROH GLIIHUHQW DQJOH RI WKH UHODWLRQ IRFDUGLFKRYtQFXOR±TXHGHMyGHVHUH[FOX\HQWHSDUD VKLS±DVSHFLDORQHUDWKHUWKDQDPHUHO\SULYLOHJHG FRQYHUWLUVHHQSULYLOHJLDGR±\GHPDWHULDOL]DUORHQOD RQH±DQGIRXQGH[SUHVVLRQIRULWLQDUWLVWLFIRUP SUiFWLFDDUWtVWLFD )ORZHUVDVV\PEROVRIEHDXW\RIIHPLQLQLW\DQGVHQ 6tPERORVGHEHOOH]DGHORIHPHQLQR\GHODVHQVLELOL DQGGHDWKEXWKRZVKHKDQGOHVWKHPLQVSDFHIXU ODPXMHUHODOPDODYLGD\ODPXHUWHSHURVXPDQHUD VLWLYLW\ DQG DOVR RI WKH WUDQVLHQW DQG HSKHPHUDO DV GDGSHURWDPELpQGHODIXJDFLGDGGHODVFRVDV\GH QLVKHVXVZLWKRWKHUPRUHVXEWOHGLPHQVLRQVRIPH GHGLVSRQHUODVHQHOHVSDFLRQRVGHVYHODRWUDVSDUFH SHFWVRIOLIHKDYHDOZD\VEHHQSUHVHQWLQWKHPRUH OR HItPHUR GH OD H[LVWHQFLD ODV ÀRUHV KDQ DFRPSD DQLQJ7KHIULDEOHDQGIUDJLOHYXOQHUDELOLW\QDWXUH ODVGHVLJQL¿FDGRPiVVXWLOHV/DFRQGLFLyQIUDFFLRQD WUDQVFHQGHQW DVSHFWV RI PDQNLQG¶V H[LVWHQFH HVSH xDGRDOVHUKXPDQRHQORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVPiVVH RIKHULPDJHVLVHYHQJUHDWHULQKHUVFXOSWXUHVZKHUH ULD\IUiJLOODYXOQHUDELOLGDGGHHVWDVLPiJHQHVVH FLDOO\LQULWXDOVUHODWHGWRGHDWKDQGPRXUQLQJ-XDQ xDODGRVGHVXYLGD\PX\HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQORVULWRV WKH SKRWRJUDSKV DFTXLUH WKH WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO DQG LQWHQVL¿FDHQVXVHVFXOWXUDVHQODVFXDOHVODIRWRJUD 3 3 (GXDUGR&LUORW PDNHVWKHSRLQWWKDW³WKHYHU\VKDSH GHVXPXHUWH-XDQ(GXDUGR&LUORW DSXQWDWDPELpQ H[SDQGLQJIRUPRIDVHULHVRIQHFNODFHVDQGFXUWDLQV ItD VH WULGLPHQVLRQDOL]D \ H[WHUULWRULDOL]D IRUPDQGR RI D ÀRZHU LV WKH LPDJH RI WKH FHQWUH DQG WKHUHIR TXH ³SRU VX IRUPD OD ÀRU HV XQD LPDJHQ GHO FHQ WKDWFDVFDGHGRZQZDUGV(DFKSLHFHLVPDGHXSRI XQDVHULHGHFROODUHV\FRUWLQDVHQIRUPDGHFDVFDGD UHDQDUFKHW\SDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHVRXO´,WLV WUR \ SRU FRQVLJXLHQWH XQD LPDJHQ DUTXHWtSLFD GHO PXOWLSOHVHFWLRQVWKHYHU\LGHDRIIUDJPHQWLPSOLHV &DGDSLH]DVHDUWLFXODDSDUWLUGHP~OWLSOHVVHFFLRQHV UHYHDOLQJ LQ WKLV UHVSHFW WKDW WKH PRVW UHFHQW RI DOPD´ 5HVXOWD VLJQL¿FDWLYR HQ HVWH VHQWLGR TXH 3D EUHDNDJH VHSDUDWLRQ PXWLODWLRQ RI SODVWL¿FDWHG ODSURSLDQRFLyQGHIUDJPHQWRLPSOLFDUXSWXUDHVFL 3DORPD1DYDUHV¶VZRUNVKDYHEHHQJURXSHGWRJHWKHU ORPD1DYDUHVKD\DUHXQLGRVXWUDEDMRPiVUHFLHQWH ÀRZHUV WKDW DUH LPSULVRQHG LQ PHWDFU\ODWH VROLWX VLyQPXWLODFLyQGHÀRUHVSODVWL¿FDGDVDSULVLRQDGDV XQGHUWKHWLWOH'HODOPDKHULGD7KH:RXQGHG6RXO , EDMRHOHStJUDIHDel alma herida HQHOTXHLQFOX\H GHDWUDQVSDUHQWIURQWLHUWKDWFKDQJHVWKHPLQWRYL HQ PHWDFULODWR OD VROHGDG IURQWHUD WUDQVSDUHQWH VHYHUDORIZKLFKIHDWXUHLQWKHSUHVHQWVHULHV XQFRQMXQWRGHREUDVGHODSUHVHQWHVHULH VLEOHEXWXQWRXFKDEOHREMHFWVGHVLUH7KHVHVPDOO TXHODVFRQYLHUWHHQREMHWRVYLVLEOHVSHURLQDSUHQVL IUDJPHQWV DFW DV SLHFHV WKDW FRPSRVH RXU PHPRU\ EOHV HO GHVHR (VWRV SHTXHxRV IUDJPHQWRV DFW~DQ 4 4 ³)ORUHVGHPLMDUGtQ´)ORZHUVIURPP\*DUGHQFRQ ³)ORUHVGHPLMDUGtQ´VHFRPSRQHGHIUDJPHQWRVIR WDNLQJ XV EDFN WR WKH OD\HULQJ RI LGHDV WKDW FRQVWL FRPR ORV UHWD]RV TXH FRPSRQHQ QXHVWUD PHPRULD VLVWVRISKRWRJUDSKLFIUDJPHQWVRIEULJKWO\FRORXUHG WRJUi¿FRVGHÀRUHV\GHSODQWDVGHOODPDWLYRVFRORUHV WXWH RXU LQWHOOHFWXDO GHYHORSPHQW 7KH FDVFDGHV RI UHPLWLpQGRQRV D OD VXSHUSRVLFLyQ GH LGHDV TXH FRQ ÀRZHUV DQG SODQWV WUDQVIRUPHG LQ DXWRJUDSKLFDO TXHFRQYHUWLGRVHQFUHDFLRQHVDXWyJUDIDVVRSRUWHV ÀRZHUVKDQJIURPPHWDOURGVGUDSHGZLWKWKHNLQGV IRUPDQXHVWURDSUHQGL]DMHLQWHOHFWXDO/DVFDVFDGDV FUHDWLRQVWKDWFDUU\RWKHUYRLFHV7KH\DUHLOOXVWUD GHRWUDVYRFHVVHHQFXHQWUDQLOXPLQDGRVSRUXQDVH RIWXEHVWKDWDUHXVXDOO\IRXQGLQKRVSLWDOVVLFNQHVV GHÀRUHVVHHQFXHQWUDQVXVSHQGLGDVGHXQDVYDULOODV WHGZLWKDVHULHVRIWKRXJKWVIURPWKRVHZULWHUVPHQ ULHGHSHQVDPLHQWRVTXHWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQDTXHOORV DQG SDLQ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG E\ XVLQJ HTXLSPHQW PHWiOLFDVUHYHVWLGDVSRUXQDVFiQXODVFRPRODVTXH DQG ZRPHQ ZKR KDYH VKDSHG WKH LQQHU OLIH RI WKH KRPEUHV\PXMHUHVTXHDWUDYpVGHODHVFULWXUDKDQ UHODWHGWR¿VKLQJVKHVXJJHVWVWKHDFWRIVHZLQJDQ VHXWLOL]DQKDELWXDOPHQWHHQORVKRVSLWDOHVODHQIHU DUWLVW FRQWULEXLGRDIRUPDUHOPXQGRLQWHULRUGHODDUWLVWD DFWLYLW\ WUDGLWLRQDOO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK ZRPDQ¶V VRFLDO PHGDGHOGRORU3RURWURODGRODDSOLFDFLyQGH~WLOHV UROH LQ WKH GRPHVWLF FRQWH[W DQG WKHUHE\ FRQQHF GHSHVFDFRPRHOHPHQWRGHXQLyQVXJLHUHHODFWRGH 3DORPD1DYDUHV¶VZRUNLVDSURORQJDWLRQRIKHUOLIHRI /D REUD GH 3DORPD 1DYDUHV HV XQD SURORQJDFLyQ GH WLQJ ZLWK P\WKRORJLHV RI WKH KRPH LQWLPDF\ HYHQ FRVHUWDQOLJDGRDHVHYLHMRUROVRFLDOGHVHPSHxDGR KHUIHHOLQJDQGHPRWLRQVDQRHXYUHWKDWUHWXUQVWR VXYLGDGHVXVVHQWLGRV\HPRFLRQHVXQWUDEDMRTXH WKRXJKWKHVWHUHRW\SHVKDYHQRZEHHQXQGHUPLQHG SRUODPXMHUHQHOFRQWH[WRGHOKRJDUHQOD]DQGRSXHV WKHVDPHEDVLFFRQFHUQWKDWZHDYHVLWVZD\WKURXJK JLUD DOUHGHGRU GH ODV PLVPDV FXHVWLRQHV TXH HQWUD 7KH KRRNV DUH WKLQJV RI SDLQ YLROHQFH FDXVHV RI FRQODVPLWRORJtDVGRPpVWLFDVODLQWLPLGDGVLELHQ GLIIHUHQW VWDJHV DQG RQ WKH ZD\ DFTXLUHV GHSWKV \VDOHGHVXVGLVWLQWDVHWDSDVSURIXQGL]DQGR\DxD VXIIHULQJEXWWKHLUKDUPIXOQDWXUHLVPLWLJDWHGE\WKH ORVHVWHUHRWLSRVVRQDKRUDVXEYHUWLGRV/RVDQ]XHORV WKDW HQKDQFH WKH SRHWU\ RI KHU DSSURDFK DQG WKH GLHQGR H[WHQVLRQHV TXH HQULTXHFHQ VX SRpWLFD VX RUQDPHQWDO GLPHQVLRQ WKDW WKH J\UDWLQJ OLWWOH URXQG FRQVWLWX\HQ XQ DUWLOXJLR KLULHQWH OD YLROHQFLD TXH FRQQRWDWLRQVDQGV\PEROLFSRZHUWKDWLWSRVVHVVHV SRWHQFLDOVLPEyOLFR\VXVFRQQRWDFLRQHV EDOOV SRVVHVV ORRNLQJ DV WKH\ GR VRPHZKDW OLNH SURGXFHXQDH[SHULHQFLDGRORURVDSHURHVWHFRPSR RUQDPHQWDO EHDGV EHDXW\ DUWL¿FH <HW DQRWKHU QHQWHGDxLQRHVDSODFDGRSRUHOVHQWLGRRUQDPHQWDO 7KHUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKQDWXUHWKHUHHYDOXDWLRQRIWKH /DUHODFLyQFRQODQDWXUDOH]DODUHLYLQGLFDFLyQGHOR DVSHFW RI WKHVH ZRUNV LV WKDW WKH OLJKWQHVV RI WKH TXHSRVHHQODVEROLWDVJLUDWRULDVTXHJXDUGDQFLHU K\EULGWKHUHOHYDQFHRIWKHIUDJPHQWWUDQVSDUHQF\ KtEULGR OD YDORUDFLyQ GHO IUDJPHQWR OD WUDQVSDUHQ ÀRZHUV DORQJ ZLWK WKH DHULDO QDWXUH RI WKH QHFNOD WRSDUHFLGRFRQORVDEDORULRVTXHVHVXHOHQHPSOHDU OLJKWQHVV RU KHU LQWHUHVW LQ SRLQWLQJ RXW DVSHFWV RI FLDODOHYHGDGRVXLQWHUpVSRUVXJHULUORGRPpVWLFR FHVDQGWKHKDQJLQJFXUWDLQVOHDGXVWRWKLQNRIWKH FRPRDGRUQRODEHOOH]DHODUWL¿FLR'HRWUDSDUWH GRPHVWLF OLIH DOO FRQVWLWXWH SLHFHV RI WKH IHPLQLQH VRQSDUWHGHHVHGLVFXUVRIHPLQLVWD\IHPHQLQRTXH OLJKWQHVVZKLFKLVDOVRLQKHUHQWWRRXUH[LVWHQFHDQG ODOLJHUH]DGHODVÀRUHV\HOFDUiFWHUDpUHRGHHVWRV DQG IHPLQLVW GLVFRXUVH WKDW KDYH FKDUDFWHULVHG WKH ODDUWLVWDKDVRVWHQLGRDORODUJRGHODV~OWLPDVWUHV WKHKXPDQFRQGLWLRQ FROODUHV\FRUWLQDVFROJDQWHVLQWURGXFHODQRFLyQGH DUWLVW¶V DSSURDFK RYHU WKH ODVW WKUHH GHFDGHV +HU GpFDGDV 6X WUDEDMR SOiVWLFR SRVHH XQ H[WUDRUGLQD SODVWLF ZRUN H[HUFLVHV DQG LPPHQVH FDSDFLW\ WR ULRSRWHQFLDOSDUDHYRFDU\JHQHUDUDPELYDOHQFLDVH %RWK LQ KHU VFXOSWXUHV DQG LQ KHU SKRWRJUDSKV WKH HYRNH DQG JHQHUDWH DPELYDOHQFH LQ PXFK WKH VDPH LJXDOTXH0LFKHO7RXUQLHURIUHFHVXVSURSLDVFDWHJR WLWOHV LQGLFDWH WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI SHUFHSWLYHQHVV DV ZD\ WKDW 0LFKHO 7RXUQLHU SUHVHQW XV ZLWK KLV ELQDU\ UtDV ELQDULDV HQWUH OD EHOOH]D \ HO GRORU OD PDWHULD FRORXUV DUH SUHVHQW LQ DOO RI WKHP DQG WKHUHE\ DFW 7DQWR HQ ODV IRWRJUDItDV FRPR HQ ODV HVFXOWXUDV ORV FDWHJRULHV EHDXW\ DQG SDLQ PDWWHU DQG WKRXJKW \ HO SHQVDPLHQWR OD VXSHU¿FLH \ OD SURIXQGLGDG OR XSRQ RXU HPRWLRQV DQG SV\FKHV 7KH VHQVHV KDYH WtWXORV FRQQRWDQ OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH OR SHUFHSWLYR \D VXUIDFHDQGGHSWKYLVLEOHDQGLQYLVLEOHLQWLPDWHDQG YLVLEOH\ORLQYLVLEOHORtQWLPR\ORVRFLDOODUHDOLGDG DOZD\V SOD\HG D FHQWUDO UROH LQ 3DORPD 1DYDUHV¶V TXH ORV FRORUHV HVWiQ SUHVHQWHV HQ FDGD XQR GH ORV VRFLDOIDFWDQG¿FWLRQSHUFHSWLRQDQGPHPRU\ \OD¿FFLyQODSHUFHSFLyQ\ODPHPRULD ZRUN ZLWK WKH GLIIHUHQFH KHUH WKDW WKRVH SLHFHV RI HStJUDIHV DFWXDQGR VREUH QXHVWUDV HPRFLRQHV \ WKHERG\RUJDQVRIVHQVDWLRQWKDWZH¿QGLQWKHHDU QXHVWUDSVLTXH/RVVHQWLGRVVLHPSUHKDQWHQLGRXQD OHYHGDG DOJR LQKHUHQWH D OD H[LVWHQFLD \ FRQGLFLyQ KXPDQDV 3DORPD1DYDUHV¶VÀRZHUVDUHCSRWHQWPHWDSKRUVWKDW /DVÀRUHVGH3DORPD1DYDUHVFRQVWLWX\HQSRGHURVDV OLHUVHULHVRIWHQ³OLIWHG´IURPWKHGHSLFWLRQVRIWKH SUHVHQFLD PHGXODU HQ OD REUD GH 3DORPD 1DYDUHV HQFORVHTXHVWLRQVWKDWUHODWHWRZRPDQWKHVRXOOLIH PHWiIRUDVTXHHQFLHUUDQFXHVWLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQ IHPDOHLQZRUNVRIDUWIURPWKHZHVWHUQFDQRQZKLFK VyORTXHDTXHOORVIUDJPHQWRVFRUSRUDOHVGHyUJDQRV VKH XVHG WR FKDOOHQJH YLVXDO FRPPRQSODFHV UHODWHG VHQVLEOHVTXHHQFRQWUiEDPRVHQVHULHVSUHFHGHQWHV ]DUQLN$UJHQWLQDZKRGLHGIURPDQRYHUGRVH PLR HQFRQWUDPRV SDODEUDV VLJQRV H LPiJHQHV TXH WR ZRPHQ ± DUH KHUH WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR WKH ÀRZHUV ±PXFKDVYHFHV³DSURSLDGRV´GHUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVIH RIVHFRQDOE\6\OYLD3ODWK8QLWHG6WDWHVZKR QRV WUDVODGDQ DO PXQGR SRpWLFR GH )HGHULFR *DUFtD WKDWVKHKDVSODQWHGLQKHUJDUGHQ PHQLQDV GH REUDV PDHVWUDV GH OD KLVWRULD GHO DUWH FRPPLWWHG VXLFLGH LQ E\ VWLFNLQJ KHU KHDG LQ /RUFD)XHQWH9DTXHURV*UDQDGDDVHVLQDGR RFFLGHQWDO FRQ ORV TXH SRQtD HQ HQWUHGLFKR DOJXQRV WKH RYHQ DQG WXUQLQJ RQ WKH JDV DQG E\ $QQH 6H[ HQ 9t]QDU HQ XQ PHV GHVSXpV GHO DO]DPLHQWR 7KHGD]]OLQJEULOOLDQFHRIWKHFRORXUVVKRXOGQRWSHU WySLFRV OLJDGRV D OD YLVXDOLGDG GH OD PXMHU± DTXt VH WRQ8QLWHG6WDWHVZKRNLOOHGKHUVHOILQ PLOLWDUTXHLQDXJXUDEDOD*XHUUD&LYLOHVSDxROD/RV SOH[XVWKHUHLVVRPHWKLQJLQFRQJUXRXVLQKHUSRU KDQWUDQVIRUPDGRHQÀRUHVFRPRODVTXHKDELWDQVX E\ LQKDOLQJ FDUERQ PRQR[LGH IURP WKH FDU H[KDXVW WHVWLPRQLRVGH$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN$UJHQWLQD WUD\DORIEHDXW\EHFDXVHLQKHUHQWLQLWWKHUHLVSDLQ SURSLRMDUGtQ DOOWKHVHDUHUHFDOOHGDPRQJVWWKHVWDONVDQGIROLDJH PXHUWD SRU VREUHGRVLV GH VHFRQDO VyGLFR HQ $¿UVWSXUHO\YLVXDOFRQWDFWZLWKKHUZRUNWKHQUHTXL RI ZKLWH DQG IXVFKLD ERXJDLQYLOOHDV 7KH IRUHVW RI 6\OYLD3ODWK(VWDGRV8QLGRVTXHVHVXLFLGD UHV D VHFRQG FORVHU DSSURDFK DFFRPSDQLHG E\ FRU /D LQWHQVLGDG GH ORV FRORUHV \ HO GHVOXPEUDPLHQWR \HOORZIRUV\WKLDFDOOVWRPLQG5\XQRVXNH$NXWDJDZD ED HQ DEULHQGR OD OODYH GHO JDV H LQWURGXFLHQ SRUDODQGQRWPHUHO\LQWHOOHFWXDOPRYHPHQW2QWKH TXHSURGXFHVXFRQWHPSODFLyQQRGHEHFRQIXQGLUQRV -DSDQZKROLYHGWKHODVW\HDURIKLVOLIHVKXW GR OD FDEH]D HQ HO KRUQR \ $QQH 6H[WRQ (VWDGRV VXUIDFHRIKHUSHWDOVDQGVWHPVZHEHJLQWRSHUFHLYH HQVXEHOOH]DKD\DOJRGLVRQDQWHSRUTXHOOHYDQLQV DZD\ LQ D OLJKWOHVV URRP XQWLO KH SRLVRQHG KLPVHOI 8QLGRV TXH VH TXLWDED OD YLGD HQ SRU DVHULHVRIFDOOLJUDSKLFWH[WVGUDZLQJVDQGVTXLJJOHV FULWRHOGRORU7UDVXQSULPHUDFHUFDPLHQWRSXUDPHQ ZLWK YHURQDO $ QHFNODFH RI SUXQXV EORVVRP LV D LQKDODFLyQGHPRQy[LGRGHFDUERQRHQVXFRFKHVRQ WKDW±LQOLQHZLWKZKDWVKHKDGDOUHDG\GRQHLQKHU WHVHQVLEOHUHTXLHUHQXQDDSUR[LPDFLyQXQFRQWDFWR WULEXWHWR<XNLR0LVKLPD-DSDQZKRFRPPLW UHFRUGDGRVHQWUHWDOORV\QHUYDGXUDVGHEXJDQYLOODV SUHYLRXVZRUN³&DQWRVURGDGRV´±DUHWDNHQIURPD TXHLPSOLFDXQPRYLPLHQWRFRUSRUDOQRVyORLQWHOHF WHG ULWXDO KDULNLUL VXLFLGH 7KH UHG ERXJDLQYLOOHDV IXFVLDV \ EODQFDV (O ERVTXH GH IRUV\WKLDV DPDULOODV FROOHFWLRQ RI SRHWV QRYHOLVWV DQG WKLQNHUV LQ ZKLFK WXDO(QODVXSHU¿FLHGHVXVSpWDORV\QHUYDGXUDVDG HYRNHDVLVLQHYLWDEOHWKHORYHDQGSDVVLRQIHOWE\ DSHODDODPHPRULDGH5\XQRVXNH$NXWDJDZD-DSyQ VKHKDVIRXQGWKLQJVZKLFKKDYHDSSHDOHGWRKHUHL YHUWLPRVXQDVHULHGHWH[WRVFDOLJUD¿DGRVJUD¿VPRV WKH -HZLVK ZULWHU 6WHIDQ =ZHLJ $XVWULD DQG TXHYLYLyHO~OWLPRDxRGHVXYLGDDRVFXUDV WKHUEHFDXVHRIWKHLUZRUNRUEHFDXVHRIWKHLUOLYHV \ GLEXMRV TXH ±HQ OtQHD FRQ VX WUDEDMR DQWHULRU GH KLVZLIHZKRSXWDQHQGWRWKHLUH[LOHE\WDNLQJDQ HQXQDKDELWDFLyQ\PRUtDSRUVREUHGRVLVGHYHURQDO 7KXV WKH LPSUHVVLYH XVH RI WKH OLJKW ZKLFK VR FKD ³&DQWRVURGDGRV´±SURFHGHQGHOXQLYHUVRGHXQDVH RYHUGRVHRIYHURQDOLQWKHSRHW.RVWDV.DU\R HQ8QFROODUGHÀRUHVGHSUXQRVLUYHGHRIUHQ UDFWHULVHV KHU FUHDWLRQV HPDQDWHV IURP WKH FHQWUH ULH SRHWDV QRYHOLVWDV HQVD\LVWDV \ SHQVDGRUHV TXH WDNLV *UHHFH ZKR VKRW KLPVHOI LQ ± D GDD<XNLR0LVKLPD-DSyQTXHVHVXLFLGDED DQGJLYHVLWVHOIPDWHULDOVKDSHVLQFHLWRULJLQDWHVLQ KD OHtGR \ OD KDQ FDXWLYDGR D WUDYpV GH VX PXQGR GD\ DIWHU WU\LQJ WR GURZQ KLPVHOI LQ WKH VHD ± DQG HQVHJ~QHOULWRVDPXUDLGHOKDUDNLUL/DVEX WKHWKRXJKWVRIZULWHUVZKRVHOLYHVZHUHFXWVKRUWE\ OLWHUDULRRGHVXVSURSLDVELRJUDItDV$VtHOFDXGDOOX KLV ORYHU 0DUtD 3ROLGXUL *UHHFH ZKR GLHG JDQYLOODV URMDV HYRFDQ FRPR QR SRGtD VHU GH RWUR LOOQHVVPXUGHURUPRUHRIWHQVXLFLGH PtQLFRTXHFRQVWLWX\HXQHOHPHQWRVXVWDQFLDOHQVX WZR\HDUVODWHUZKHQVFDUFHO\WZHQW\HLJKW)LQDOO\ PRGR HO DPRU \ OD SDVLyQ D WUDYpV GHO HVFULWRU GH WUDEDMRHPDQDGHVGHGHQWURKDFLDIXHUD\GHDOJXQD D EHDXWLIXO FDVFDGH RI ÀRZHUV HYRNHV WKH PHPRU\ RULJHQMXGtR6WHIDQ=ZHLJ$XVWULD\VXPXMHU 3DORPD 1DYDUHV EULQJV XV IDFH WR IDFH ZLWK WKHVH PDQHUDVHFRQFHSWXDOL]DSXHVWRTXHSURYLHQHGHORV RI6DUD.RIPDQ)UDQFHZKRGLVDSSHDUHGLQ TXHSRQtDQ¿QDVXH[LOLRWUDVLQJHULUXQDVREUHGRVLV PHQ DQG ZRPHQ RI GHYHORSHG VHQVLWLYLW\ ZKR NQHZ SHQVDPLHQWRVGHHVWRVHVFULWRUHVPDUFDGRVSRUXQD DQG(PLO\'LFNLQVRQ8QLWHG6WDWHVZKR GHYHURQDOHQHOSRHWD.RVWDV.DU\RWDNLV*UH KRZ WR GLUHFW WKHLU JD]H LQZDUG ± ZLWK WKH FRQVH H[LVWHQFLDEUHYHDFDXVDGHODHQIHUPHGDGHODVHVL GUHVVHGDOZD\VLQZKLWHOLYHGIRUPRUHWKDQWZHQW\ FLD TXH VH SHJDED XQ WLUR HQ ±XQ GtD TXHQWLVRODWLRQDQGORVVRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQZLWKRWKHU QDWR\ODVPiVYHFHVHOVXLFLGLR \HDUVDVDYROXQWDU\UHFOXVHLQKHUKRXVHLQ$PKHUVW GHVSXpVGHKDEHULQWHQWDGRDKRJDUVHHQHOPDU±\OD XQWLOVKHGLHGRILOOQHVVLQ TXHIXHUDVXDPDQWH0DUtD3ROLGXUL*UHFLD SHRSOHWKDWWKLVHQWDLOV±IRUZKRPZULWLQJIXO¿OOHGD FDWKDUWLFIXQFWLRQDOHWKDOH[HUFLVHWRWKHSRLQWWKDW 3DORPD 1DYDUHV QRV VLW~D IUHQWH D HVWRV KRPEUHV \ 5 TXH PRUtD GRV DxRV PiV WDUGH FRQ DSHQDV YHLQWLR WKH\ GLHG IURP VSHDNLQJ RXW LQ D ZRUOG WKDW WKH\ PXMHUHV GH SURIXQGD VHQVLELOLGDG TXH VXSLHURQ PL 7KHUKHWRULFRIWKHLPDJHKDVSOD\HGDQDOOLPSRUWDQW FKRDxRVGHHGDG)LQDOPHQWHXQDKHUPRVDFDVFDGD QR ORQJHU IHOW ZDV WKHLUV ZKLFK WKH\ VDZ D VRPH UDU KDFLD GHQWUR ±FRQ HO FRQVLJXLHQWH DLVODPLHQWR H UROHLQWKHQXPELQJRIRXUVHQVHVLQPRGHUQWLPHV GH ÀRUHV LQYRFD ORV SHQVDPLHQWRV GH 6DUD .RIPDQ WKLQJ FRPSOH[ DQG WHUULEOH DQG ZKLFK OHG WKH PDMR LQFRPXQLFDFLyQ± SDUD TXLHQHV OD HVFULWXUD GHVHP 2XU GLVWDQFLQJ IURP VHQVDWLRQ ZDV SRLQWHG RXW E\ )UDQFLD TXH GHVDSDUHFtD HQ HO DxR \ ULW\RIWKHPWRODSVHLQWRVLOHQFH0HODQFKRO\ORYH SHxDEDXQDIXQFLyQFDWiUWLFDXQHMHUFLFLROHWDOKDV :DOWHU%HQMDPLQZKHQKHGHVFULEHGKRZWKHDHVWKH (PLO\'LFNLQVRQ(VWDGRV8QLGRVTXLHQVLHP 5 DQJXLVK GLVWUHVV IUXVWUDWHG HPRWLRQV VXIIHULQJ WD WDO SXQWR TXH murieron de decir GHVLUHIRUIUHHGRPSDVVLRQVHQVHRIWHGLXPDQGRQ TXH \D QR UHFRQRFtDQ FRPR SURSLR GH WHVWLPRQLDU en un mundo 6 WLFLVDWLRQRISROLWLFVZDVHQJXO¿QJRXUWLPHV 6XVDQ SUHYHVWLGDGHEODQFRYLYLyYROXQWDULDPHQWHUHFOXLGD %XFN0RUVV D VSHFLDOLVW LQ WKH ZRUN RI WKH IDPRXV GXUDQWHPiVGHYHLQWHDxRVHQVXFDVDGH$PKHUVW 7 RFFDVLRQ PDGQHVV ZHUH WKH FRPPRQ GHQRPLQDWRUV ODH[LVWHQFLDFRPRXQDIXHUDFRPSOHMR\WHUULEOHTXH *HUPDQ SKLORVRSKHU DQG HVVD\LVW SXEOLVKHG LQ RIWKHVHSDUDOOHOOLYHV$PRQJWKHPHWDOOLFOHDYHVRI OHV OOHYy HQ OD PD\RU SDUWH GH ORV FDVRV D RSWDU D OXFLG DQG IDVFLQDWLQJ HVVD\ ZKHUH VKH VWX WKH FDGPLXP \HOORZ ERXJDLQYLOOHDV ZH ¿QG ZRUGV SRU HO VLOHQFLR /D PHODQFROtD HO DPRU OD DQJXVWLD GLHVKRZWKHDHVWKLFKDVEHHQWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRWKH VLJQVDQGLPDJHVZKLFKFDUU\XVWRWKHSRHWLFZRUOG HO GHVDVRVLHJR ODV HPRFLRQHV IUXVWUDGDV HO VXIUL DQDHVWKHWLF . RI )HGHULFR *DUFtD /RUFD )XHQWH 9DTXHURV *UDQD PLHQWR ODV DQVLDV GH OLEHUWDG OD SDVLyQ HO GHVHQ GD PXUGHUHG LQ 9L]QDU LQ RQH PRQWK FDQWDPLHQWR YLWDO \ HQ RFDVLRQHV OD ORFXUD IXHURQ 7KH 1RUWK $PHULFDQ SURIHVVRU GH¿QHV WKH DHVWKHWLF \D IXH VDFDGD D OD OX] SRU :DOWHU %HQMDPLQ FXDQ DIWHU WKH RXWEUHDN RI WKH PLOLWDU\ UHEHOOLRQ WKDW OHG HOGHQRPLQDGRUFRP~QGHHVWDVYLGDVSDUDOHODV(Q DV³DIRUPRIFRJQLWLRQDWWDLQHGWKURXJKWDVWHWRXFK GR DGYHUWtD GH OD HVWHWL]DFLyQ GH OD SROtWLFD HQ TXH WRWKH&LYLO:DU7KHZLWQHVVERUQHE\$OHMDQGUD3L WUH ODV EUiFWHDV GH ODV EXJDQYLOODV GH DPDULOOR FDG KHDULQJVLJKWDQGVPHOO±WKURXJKWKHIXOOUDQJHRI VH HVWDEDQ VXPLHQGR ORV QXHYRV WLHPSRV 6XVDQ GRQGHIDOOHFtDSRUHQIHUPHGDGHQ /D UHWyULFD GH OD LPDJHQ KD GHVHPSHxDGR XQ SDSHO 8 IXQGDPHQWDOHQODGRUPLFLyQGHQXHVWURVVHQWLGRVD OR ODUJR GH OD PRGHUQLGDG /D DOLHQDFLyQ VHQVRULDO 6 WKH SK\VLFDO VHQVHV $V %HQMDPLQ GRHV VKH PDLQ %XFN0RUVVHVWXGLRVDGHODREUDGHOFpOHEUH¿OyVRIR 7 EHFRPHDQDQDHVWKHWLFRQHDQGKDVORVWLWVFDSDFLW\ OD DOLHQDFLyQ 10 GH QXHVWURV VHQWLGRV /D LPSRVLFLyQ WDLQV WKDW RXU VHQVHV FDQ EH FLYLOLVHG EXW WKDW WKH\ \HQVD\LVWDDOHPiQ SXEOLFDEDHQXQO~FLGRH WRIHHOVRLWKDVEHFRPHPXFKHDVLHUWRLQÀXHQFHDQ GH IDQWDVPDJRUtDV R YLVLRQHV QDUFyWLFDV DO LQXQGDU UHVLVW FXOWXUDO GRPHVWLFDWLRQ VLQFH ³WKHLU LPPHGLDWH LQWHUHVDQWtVLPRHQVD\RHQHOTXHDQDOL]DFyPRODHV DQDHVWKHWLVHG VRFLHW\ WKDQ WR GHDO RQ DQ LQGLYLGXDO QXHVWURDSDUDWRVHQVRULDOSURYRFDQTXHODFDSDFLGDG EDVLV ZLWK WKH SHRSOH WKDW PDNH XS WKDW VRFLHW\ LQ SHUFHSWLYD\UHDFWLYDVHEORTXHHGDQGROXJDUDXQD WKH VDPH ZD\ WKDW LW LV PXFK HDVLHU WR WDNH LQ WKH ³VHJXQGD FRQFLHQFLD´ TXH QRV PDQWLHQH DO PDUJHQ GHOGRORURGHFXDOTXLHUVLWXDFLyQWUDXPiWLFDGHPR 8 SXUSRVHLVWRVHUYHRXULQVWLQFWXDOQHHGV´7KHH\H WpWLFDVHKDLGRWUDQVIRUPDQGRHQDQHVWpVLFD . LVPRUHRUOHVVDQRSDTXHFU\VWDOWKURXJKZKLFKZH SHUFHLYHUHDOLW\XVLQJRQHRIRXU¿YHVHQVHVQRQH /DSURIHVRUDQRUWHDPHULFDQDGH¿QHODHVWpWLFDFRPR ZKROHDWDJODQFHWKDQWRIRFXVRQHE\RQHRQHDFK WKHOHVV WKDW SRWHQWLDO LV DOVR SUHVHQW LQ RWKHU SDUWV ³XQDIRUPDGHFRJQLFLyQDODTXHVHOOHJDSRUPHGLR RILWVFRPSRQHQWSDUWV RIRXUERG\DQGLQRXUPLQGDQGDOORZVXVDOVRWR GHOJXVWRHOWDFWRHORtGRODYLVWDHOROIDWR±WRGRHO LQWXLW VPHOOV WDVWHV VRXQGV DQG WDFWLOH VHQVDWLRQV VHQVRULRFRUSRUDO´,JXDOTXH%HQMDPLQVRVWLHQHTXH %HQMDPLQ IDYRXUHG D UHVWRUDWLRQ RI WKH LQVWLQFWLYH HOVLVWHPDVLQHVWpVLFRVHKDDFDEDGRFRQYLUWLHQGRHQ 3HUFHSWLRQGRHVQRWH[SHULHQFHUHDOLW\LWDOORZVXVWR QXHVWURV VHQWLGRV SXHGHQ OOHJDU D VHU FLYLOL]DEOHV SRZHU RI WKH VHQVHV ZKLOVW QRW DW WKH VDPH WLPH DQHVWpVLFR HVWR HV SULYDGR GH VHQVLELOLGDG GH WDO UHLQYHQWLWDQGFKDQJHVLWDQGUHVWUXFWXUHVLWLQOLQH SHUR VH UHVLVWHQ D OD GRPHVWLFDFLyQ FXOWXUDO SRUTXH MHWWLVRQLQJQHZWHFKQRORJLHV7KHUHLVQRGRXEWWKDW PDQHUDTXHHVPXFKRPiVIiFLORSHUDUVREUHXQDVR ZLWK RXU H[SHULHQFH DQG PHPRU\ 2XU VHQVHV DUH ³VX SURSyVLWR LQPHGLDWR HV VHUYLU D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV DUWFDQIUHHXVIURPWKHDOLHQDWLRQRIWKHVHQVHVDQG FLHGDGDQHVWHVLDGDTXHVREUHFDGDXQRGHORVLQGLYL SDUW RI RXU QHUYRXV V\VWHP DQG HQDEOH XV WR UHODWH LQVWLQWLYDV´(ORMRHVHOFULVWDOPiVRPHQRVRSDFRD 3DORPD1DYDUHVGRHVMXVWWKLVE\LQYLWLQJXVWRHQWHU GXRVTXHODLQWHJUDQGHODPLVPDIRUPDTXHFXHVWD WKHH[WHULRUZRUOGWRRXULQWHULRURQH7KLVLVZKDW WUDYpVGHOFXDOSHUFLELPRVODUHDOLGDGXWLOL]DQGRXQR KHU JDUGHQ ± HLWKHU UHDO RU LPDJLQDU\ ± DQG LQ VR PXFKR PHQRV PLUDU XQ FRQMXQWR TXH GHWHQHUVH HQ %XFN0RUVV GH¿QHV DV WKH V\QHVWKHWLF PRGHO ³D GHQXHVWURVFLQFRVHQWLGRVVLQHPEDUJRHOSRWHQFLDO GRLQJ VKH WUDQVIRUPV WKH DQDHVWKHWLF LQWR WKH V\ FDGDXQDGHVXVSDUWHV V\VWHP ZKHUHE\ VHQVRU\ SHUFHSWLRQV RI WKH RXWVLGH VHHQFXHQWUDDVLPLVPRHQHOUHVWRGHQXHVWURFXHUSR QHVWKHWLF 7KH DUWLVW SXWV IRUZDUG WKH SULPDF\ RI ZRUOGDUHEURXJKWLQWRFRQWDFWZLWKWKHLQQHULPDJHV \HQODPHQWHTXHQRVSHUPLWHLQWXLUDGHPiVRORUHV WKHIUDJPHQW±FRQVHTXHQWO\VKHUHMHFWVDQ\NLQGRI %HQMDPLQ DERJDED SRU UHVWDXUDU HO SRGHU LQVWLQWLYR WKDWDUHIXUQLVKHGE\PHPRU\DQGDQWLFLSDWLRQ´ VDERUHV VRQLGRV \ VHQVDFLRQHV WiFWLOHV /D SHUFHS XQLWDU\YLVLRQ±DQGH[DPLQHVLWWRGLVFRYHUWKHIURQ GH ORV VHQWLGRV VLQ WHQHU SRU HOOR TXH UHQXQFLDU D FLyQQRWHVWLPRQLDODUHDOLGDGVLQRTXHODUHLQYHQWD WLHUV RI H[LVWHQFH ZKLOVW GLUHFWLQJ KHU JD]H LQZDUGV ODVQXHYDVWHFQRORJtDV6LQGXGDHODUWHSXHGHOLEH 0RGHUQOLIHKDVEURXJKWDERXWDVLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHLQ OD GLIXPLQD \ OD DOWHUD VHJ~Q QXHVWUD H[SHULHQFLD \ 6KHPRYHVDZD\IURPDQDHVWKHWLFWKDWKDQGOHVVXU UDUQRV GH OD DOLHQDFLyQ VHQVRULDO \ 3DORPD 1DYDUHV DHVWKHWLFVE\PHDQVRIWKHH[SHULHQFHRIVKRFN7KH PHPRULD/RVVHQWLGRVVRQSDUWHGHODSDUDWRQHUYLR IDFHV WKDW LV DERXW DSSHDUDQFHV DQG FRQFHQWUDWHV OR KDFH LQYLWiQGRQRV D HQWUDU HQ VX MDUGtQ ±UHDO H H[FHVVRIH[WHUQDOVWLPXOLKDVUHVXOWHGLQFRQVFLRXV VRTXHFRQHFWDHOPXQGRH[WHULRUFRQHOLQWHULRU(V RQFRQWHQWEHDXW\FHGHVWRGHSWK+HUÀRZHUVOLNH LPDJLQDULR± UHFRQYLUWLHQGR OR DQHVWpVLFR GH QXH QHVV WUDQVIRUPLQJ LWVHOI LQWR D VKLHOG WKDW SURWHFWV OR TXH %XFN0RUVV GH¿QH FRPR PRGHOR VLQHVWpVLFR FKU\VDOLGV DUH HQFORVHG LQ WKHLU WUDQVSDUHQW PH YRHQVLQHVWpVLFR/DDUWLVWDUHLYLQGLFDHOIUDJPHQWR WKHRUJDQLVPDQGEORFNVRXWRXUV\QHVWKHWLFV\VWHP ³XQ VLVWHPD GRQGH ODV SHUFHSFLRQHV VHQVRULDOHV H[ GLXPZRXQGHGE\WKHWKRXJKWVRIWKRVHDXWKRUVWKDW ±UHQXQFLD HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD D FXDOTXLHU YLVLyQ XQL WKXVKXPDQVDUHWHQGLQJWREHFRPHDXWRJHQHWLFDQG WHUQDV VH UH~QHQ FRQ ODV LPiJHQHV LQWHUQDV GH OD JDYH XS WKHLU OLYHV IRU WKHLU ZULWLQJ WKH\ WUDQVSRUW WDULD±HLQWHUYLHQHHQpOLQGDJDQGRHQORVERUGHVGH VRLJQRUHWKHLUVHQVHV)XUWKHUPRUHWKHIHHOLQJWKDW PHPRULD\ODDQWLFLSDFLyQ´ XVWRDQRQWRORJLFDOGLPHQVLRQRIVXIIHULQJZKHUHRXU OD H[LVWHQFLD \ HMHUFLHQGR XQD PLUDGD KDFLD GHQWUR PHPRULHV DUH IRUFHG WR IDFH XS WR DQRVPLD DQG WR 6HDOHMDGHXQDHVWpWLFDGHODVXSHU¿FLHGHODDSD LV SHFXOLDU WR WKLV KLVWRULFDO SHULRG SHUFHLYHV VXIIH 11 . OLHQGR QXHVWUD H[SHULHQFLD H LPDJLQDFLyQ \ SXOYHUL ]DQGR QXHVWUR VHQWLGR GH OR UHDO (Q FRQVHFXHQFLD 11 . ULQJ DV D PLVWDNH DQ DFFLGHQW D FULPH LW LV VR /DYLGDPRGHUQDKDSURGXFLGRXQFDPELRVLJQL¿FDWL UHFDSWXUHWKHVHQVHRIVPHOOWRLPDJLQHWDFWLOHTXD ULHQFLDSDUDSULYLOHJLDUHOFRQWHQLGROREHOORFHGHVX PHWKLQJ WKDW PDNHV XV IHHO GHIHQFHOHVV DQG FRQ YRHQODHVWpWLFDDWUDYpVGHODH[SHULHQFLDGHOVKRFN OLWLHV WR OLEHUDWH XV IURP DPQHVLD EHFDXVH DV 6X FHWURDORSURIXQGR/DVÀRUHVHQHVWDGRGHFULViOLGD VHTXHQWO\LWVKRXOGEHKDQGOHGJLQJHUO\RUUHMHFWHG (OH[FHVRGHHVWtPXORVH[WHUQRVKDSURYRFDGRTXHOD VDQ6RQWDJREVHUYHVUHPHPEHULQJLVDQHWKLFDODFW DWUDSDGDV HQ VX PHGLR WUDQVSDUHQWH KHULGDV FRPR FRQFLHQFLD VH FRQYLHUWD HQ XQ HVFXGR SURWHFWRU GHO ZKLFKWKRXJKLQGXFLQJVXIIHULQJLVWKHRQO\NLQGRI HVWiQSRUORVSHQVDPLHQWRVGHDTXHOORVDXWRUHVTXH 9 RXWULJKW DQG RXU VHQVHV DUH WULFNHG XVLQJ WHFKQL FDOPDQLSXODWLRQZKDW%XFN0RUVVWHUPV³SKDQWDV RUJDQLVPRTXHREVWUX\HQXHVWURVLVWHPDVLQHVWpVLFR PDJRULD´7KHWUDXPDWLFH[SHULHQFHRIODUJHVFDOH GHDKtTXHHOKRPEUHWLHQGDDVHUDXWRJHQpWLFR\SRU ZDUV DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRQIURQWDWLRQV DQG PRUH WDQWRUHQXQFLHDORVVHQWLGRV$GHPiVODVHQVLELOL +HURIIHULQJVRIIUDJPHQWHGÀRZHUVRIFDSWLYHPHV WUDPHPRULDSDUDOXFKDUFRQWUDODDQRVPLD\SHUFLELU UHFHQWO\ WKH DYDODQFKH RI LPDJHV WKDW VZHHS RYHU GDGSURSLDGHHVWHSHULRGRKLVWyULFRFRQFLEHHOVXIUL VDJHV SRUWUDLWV RI PHPRULHV RI DEVHQFHV JLYH XV VX RORU SDUD LPDJLQDU VXV FXDOLGDGHV WiFWLOHV SDUD PLHQWRFRPRXQHUURUXQDFFLGHQWHRXQFULPHQHV WKH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR REVHUYH ZLWK JUHDWHU DWWHQWLRQ OLEUDUQRVGHODDPQHVLDSRUTXHFRPRDSXQWDED6X DOJRTXHKDFHVHQWLULQGHIHQVRDOVHUKXPDQR\SRU WRLQWHJUDWHDQHZWKHSHUFHSWLRQRIRXURZQQDWXUHV VDQ6RQWDQJUHFRUGDUHVXQDDFFLyQpWLFDTXHGROR XV KDYH DOLHQDWHG 10 RXU VHQVHV 7KH LPSRVLWLRQ RI SKDQWDVPDJRULDV RU QDUFRWLF YLVLRQV E\ LQXQGD 9 UHODWLRQVKLSZKLFKZHFDQKDYHZLWKRXUGHDG 12 . VHGHMDURQODYLGDHQVXREUDOLWHUDULDQRVUHPLWHQD XQDRQWRORJtDGHOGRORUTXHQRVKDFHUHFXUULUDQXHV WLQJRXUVHQVRU\V\VWHPOHDGVWRDEORFNDJHRIRXU WDQWRGHEHVHUUHSDUDGRRGLUHFWDPHQWHUHFKD]DGR , DQG WR IXVH RXU VHQVHV ZLWK RXU RZQ LQQHU ZRUOG D URVDPHQWHFRQVWLWX\HOD~QLFDUHODFLyQTXHSRGHPRV FDSDFLW\ WR SHUFHLYH RU UHDFW DQG FUHDWHV D ³VHFRQG \ORVVHQWLGRVVHHQJDxDQPHGLDQWHODPDQLSXODFLyQ ZRUOG ZKHUH ZH ¿QG WKH FDSDFLW\ WR GLVDSSHDU LQWR VRVWHQHUFRQORVPXHUWRV FRQVFLRXVQHVV´ ZKLFK SURWHFWV XV IURP VXIIHULQJ RU WpFQLFD OR TXH %XFN0RUVV OODPD ³IDQWDVPDJRUtD´ RXU GUHDPV DQG WR UHODWH WR WKRVH HPRWLRQV DW WKH DQ\NLQGRIWUDXPDWLFH[SHULHQFHGHVWUR\VH[SHULHQ /D H[SHULHQFLD WUDXPiWLFD GH ODV JUDQGHV JXHUUDV \ KHDUWRIRXUEHLQJ FH DQG LPDJLQDWLRQ DQG XQGHUPLQHV RXU IHHOLQJ RI FRQÀLFWRV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV \ PiV UHFLHQWHPHQWH OD UHDOLW\ &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH V\QHVWKHWLF V\VWHP KDV DYDODQFKDGHLPiJHQHVTXHQRVURGHDKDQSURGXFLGR 12 . 6XVRIUHQGDVGHÀRUHVIUDJPHQWDGDVPHQVDMHVFDX WLYRVUHWUDWRVRKXHOODVGHDXVHQFLDVQRVRIUHFHQOD _______ SRVLELOLGDG GH PLUDU PiV SURIXQGDPHQWH UHLQWHJUDU 1. TOURNIER, Michel: El espejo de las ideas, El Acantilado, BarceloQDSS±7KLVREVHUYDWLRQLVWREHIRXQGLQWKH¿UVW chapter of Tournier’s brilliant essay in which the French writer em- ODSHUFHSFLyQDQXHVWUDSURSLDQDWXUDOH]D\FRQHFWDU 6217$*6XVDQ$QWHHOGRORUGHORVGHPiV3XQWRGHOHFWXUD ORV VHQWLGRV FRQ QXHVWUR PXQGR LQWHULRU DOOt GRQGH %DUFHORQDS UHVLGHQODFDSDFLGDGGHHQVRxDFLyQ\ODVHPRFLRQHV ploys the metaphor of the mirror to distinguish between a series of PiVUHFyQGLWDVGHQXHVWURVHU categories of thought by using the binary system so that each concept has its opposing but complimentary counterpart, sometimes BBBBBBBBB LQ YHU\ VSHFL¿F IRUP PDQZRPDQ RWKHUV LQ D XQLYHUVDO FRQWH[W SS 3DUDGyMLFDPHQWH±HLJXDOTXHORVDXWRUHVDTXLHQHV3DORPD1D- 10. An alienation to be understood as an internal exclusion of the YDUHV UHFXHUGD FRQ VXV ÀRUHV± :DOWHU %HQMDPLQ %HUOtQ VH subject, which leaves us without the capacity to react or, in accor- TXLWDED OD YLGD HQ XQ KRWHO GH 3RUW%RX HQ HO DxR FXDQGR dance with the Dictionary of the Real Academia Española, as a men- intentaba franquear la frontera hispano-francesa en su huída de tal state characterised by a loss of the sense of our own identity. los nazis. ,WLVLQWHUHVWLQJWRQRWHWKDW³DQDHVWKHVLDZDVDWHFKQLTXHGHYH- %8&.02566 6XVDQ ³(VWpWLFD \ DQHVWpVLFD 8QD UHYLVLyQ GHO ORSHGDWWKHHQGRIWKHWKFHQWXU\´DQGFRLQFLGHGZLWKWKHGHYHOR- HQVD\R GH :DOWHU %HQMDPLQ VREUH OD REUD GH DUWH´ /D %DOVD GH OD SPHQWRIPRGHUQOLIH%8&.025666XVDQ2S&LWSS± 0HGXVDQ0DGULGSS 12. SONTAG, Susan: Op. Cit., p.132. 6217$1*6XVDQ$QWHHOGRORUGHORVGHPiV3XQWRGHOHFWXUD (being/nothingness). 2. Simone de Beauvoir was one of those female thinkers who 1. TOURNIER, Michel: El espejo de las ideas, El Acantilado, Barcelo- KLJKOLJKWHGWKHLVVXHZKHQVKHZURWHWKHVHPLQDOIHPLQLVWWH[W³7KH na, 2000, pp. 13-15. Este enunciado es parte del primer capítulo de 6HFRQG 6H[´ LQ %($892,5 6LPRQH GH (O VHJXQGR VH[R este original ensayo en el que el escritor francés utiliza la metáfora Cátedra, Madrid, 2005. del espejo para distinguir una serie de categorías de pensamiento, un contrario con el cual se complementa, desde lo más particular (el ORQD 10. hombre y la mujer) hasta lo más universal (el ser y la nada). 'HODOPDKHULGDLVDFROOHFWLRQRIPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ZRUNVSURGX- como un estado mental caracterizado por una pérdida de sentimiento de la propia identidad. QL¿HVWRHVWDVLWXDFLyQFXDQGRHQHVFULELy³/HGHX[LqPHVH[H´ 7UDQVSDUHQFLD´³&XQDVGHDJXD&DVDVGHFULVWDO´³&DQWRVURGDGRV obra clave del pensamiento feminista. BEAUVOIR, Simone de: El 9LDMHDODPHPRULD´DQG³3HQVDPLHQWRV)ORUHVGHPLMDUGtQ´7KH &XULRVDPHQWH³ODDQHVWpVLFDVHFRQYLUWLyHQXQDWpFQLFDHODER- segundo sexo, Cátedra, Madrid, 2005. H[KLELWLRQ ZDV ¿UVW SXW RQ LQ WKH %LEOLRWHFD 3~EOLFD GHO (VWDGR LQ Zamora and then travelled to Toulouse (Instituto Cervantes, Uni- UDGDHQOD~OWLPDSDUWHGHOVLJOR;,;´FRLQFLGLHQGRFRQHOGHVDUUROOR GHODPRGHUQLGDG%8&.025666XVDQ2S&LWSS 3. CIRLOT, Juan Eduardo: Diccionario de símbolos, Siruela, Barce- versité de Toulouse – Le Mirail and Château Musée de Cayla), to ORQD A digitalised version of the catalogue is available on: www.navares. 12. SONTANG, Susan: Op. Cit., pág. 132. 'HO DOPD KHULGD VH HQFXHQWUD LQWHJUDGD GH XQD VHOHFFLyQ PXO- com/delalmaherida.pdf WLGLVFLSOLQDU GH REUDV UHDOL]DGDV SRU 3DORPD 1DYDUHV HQWUH \ ³3DODEUDVFDXWLYDV7UDQVSDUHQFLDV´³&XQDVGHDJXD&DVDV 526(1%/805DTXHO³&DQ\RXGLHIURPVSHDNLQJRXW´LQ³6RFLDO GH FULVWDO´ ³&DQWRV URGDGRV 9LDMH D OD PHPRULD´ \ ³3HQVDPLHQ- 3DLQ´5HYLVWD3VLFRDQiOLVLV9ROQ±SS± WRV )ORUHV GH PL MDUGtQ´ /D H[SRVLFLyQ LQLFLy VX LWLQHUDQFLD HQ OD 2ULJLQDOO\SXEOLVKHGLQ5HYXHIUDQoDLVHGH3V\FKDQDO\VH9ROQ Biblioteca Pública del Estado en Zamora para viajar posteriormen- SS± te a Toulouse (Instituto Cervantes, Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail y Château Musée du Cayla), Madrid (Galería Estiarte) y Roma 6. Walter Benjamín described how our sense of perception is con- (Instituto Cervantes). El catálogo se encuentra digitalizado en: ditioned not just by the world around us but also by history. Thus www.navares.com/delalmaherida.pdf the aestheticisation of politics could lead to the manipulation of the PDVVHV ³+XPDQLW\ KDV EHFRPH LWV RZQ REVHUYHU ,WV FDSDFLW\ WR 526(1%/80 5DTXHO ³¢6H SXHGH PRULU GH GHFLU"´ HQ ³'RORU discipline itself enables it to live its own destruction as an aesthetic VRFLDO´ 5HYLVWD 3VLFRDQiOLVLV 9RO Q SS SOHDVXUHRIWKH¿UVWRUGHU´6HH%(1-$0,1:DOWHU³/DREUDGHDUWH Publicado originalmente en Revue française de Psychanalyse, Vol. HQODpSRFDGHVXUHSURGXFLELOLGDGWpFQLFD´LQ'LVFXUVRVLQWHUUXPSL- QSS GRV7DXUXV0DGULGSS± 6. Walter Benjamin explicaba que nuestra percepción sensorial se 3DUDGR[LFDOO\±LQWKHVDPHZD\DVWKHDXWKRUVHYRNHGE\3DOR- encuentra condicionada no sólo natural, sino también históricamen- PD1DYDUHVZLWKKHUÀRZHUV±:DOWHU%HQMDPtQ%HUOLQWRRN te. Así, la estetización de la política favorece el adoctrinamiento de KLVOLIHLQDKRWHOLQ3RUW%RXLQZKHQKHZDVWU\LQJWRHVFDSH ODVPDVDV³/DKXPDQLGDGVHKDFRQYHUWLGRDKRUDHQHVSHFWiFXORGH from the Nazis by crossing from France into Spain. sí misma. Su autoalineación ha alcanzado un grado que le permite YLYLUVXSURSLDGHVWUXFFLyQFRPRXQJRFHHVWpWLFRGHSULPHURUGHQ´ %8&.02566 6XVDQ ³(VWpWLFD \ DQHVWpWLFD 8QD UHYLVLyQ GHO 9HU %(1-$0,1 :DOWHU ³/D REUD GH DUWH HQ OD pSRFD GH VX UHSUR- HQVD\RGH:DOWHU%HQMDPtQVREUHODREUDGHDUWH´/D%DOVDGHOD GXFWLELOLGDG WpFQLFD´ HQ 'LVFXUVRV LQWHUUXPSLGRV 7DXUXV 0DGULG 0HGXVDQR0DGULGSS± Entendiendo ésta como una exclusión interna del sujeto que OHGHMDVLQFDSDFLGDGGHDFFLyQRVHJ~QODGH¿QLFLyQGHOD5$( 2. Simone de Beauvoir fue una de las pensadoras que puso de ma- FHGE\3DORPD1DYDUHVEHWZHHQDQG³3DODEUDVFDXWLYDV Madrid (Galería Estiarte), and to Rome (Instituto Cervantes). %DUFHORQDSiJ siguiendo un procedimiento binario en el que cada concepto posee 3. CIRLOT, Juan Eduardo; Diccionario de símbolos, Siruela, Barce- Exposiciones / Bibliografía Exposiciones / Bibliografía Exposiciones / Bibliografía 0RVWUH%LEOLRJUD¿D Expositions / Bibliographie PALOMA NAVARES 3UHOXGLRGHXQMDUGtQDUWL¿FLDO0XVHR$OHMDQGUR2WHUR &DUDFDV Exposiciones personales VHOHFFLyQ Juego de Seis Cuerdas0XVHR3URYLQFLDOGH0iODJD 0XVHRGH%HQDFD]yQ7ROHGR Del jardín de la memoria*DOHUtD$GULDQD6FKPLGW 6WXWWJDUW *DOHUtD$HOH0DGULG *DOHUtD$ULW]D%LOEDR Instalaciones)XQGDFLyQ$&3URSDF0DGULG DELL’ANIMA FERITA, PALAZZO DUCALE DI SASSUOLO, MODENA Amapolas y memoria*DOHUtD0DXUR0DXURQHU 9LHQD Ciottoli, Fiori del mio giardino, ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV 0LOiQ Dedicatorias, *DOHUtD$OW[HUUL6DQ6HEDVWLiQ Dedicatorias*DOHUtD,VDEHO+XUOH\0iODJD Ames blessées, Mots captifs.&KkWHDX 0XVpHGX&D\OD7RXORXVH Ames blessées, Galets, Fleurs de mon jardin ,&HUYDQWHV7RXORXVH Ciottoli, Fiori del mio jiardino ,&HUYDQWHV5RPD Almas Heridas. Flores de mi jardín. El puente de la visión,0XVHRGH%HOODV$UWHV6DQWDQGHU 2005 Travesía&$%%XUJRV Al Filo)XQGDFLyQ$UWH\7HFQRORJtD7HOHIyQLFD0DGULG Espacios Fronterizos.)XQGDFLy3LODUL-RDQ0LUy3DOPD GH0DOORUFD Sueño y memoria)XQGDFLyQ5HL$IRQVR+HQULTXHV 3DoRGH6RXVD2SRUWR 2002 Fragmentos del umbral.*DOHUtDGH$GULDQD6FKPLGW .RORQLH Unidad Cero$UW%UXVVHOV*DOHULH$FDGHPLD%UXVVHOV Tránsito.0XVHR8QLYHUVLGDG$OLFDQWH Stand By0XVHR0XQLFLSDO0iODJD 2000 'qVODIUDJLOLWpGHOrWUH±. FIAC 2000. *DOHUtD(O0XVHRGH%RJRWi3DUtV 0LOHQLDGHOFRUD]yQ\HODUWL¿FLR0XVHXP5HVLGHQ] JDOHULH6DO]EXUJ $UWL¿FLRV0XVHRGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD Luz del pasado.(VSDFLRGHDUWHFRQWHPSRUDQHR 0HWURQRP%DUFHORQD Recipiente de lágrimas.&HQWUR6D1RVWUD3DOPDGH 0DOORUFD Maquillaje virtual&HQWUR6D1RVWUD,EL]D Luces de invernación0RQDVWHULRGH1XHVWUD6HxRUD GH3UDGR9DOODGROLG Luz del pasado*DOHULH$FDGHPLD6DO]EXUJ Die Schöne und das Ungeheuer0XVHXP 5HVLGHQ]JDOHULH6DO]EXUJ Sweet Scumber.0XVHXP5HVLGHQ]JDOHULH 6DO]EXUJ Sombras de sueño profundo0XVHRGHÈODYD6DOD $PiULFD9LWRULD*DVWHL] Re-Exsistencias. Escultoras del Siglo XX6DODV6WD ,QpV6HYLOOD6DODVGHODFRPXQLGDG0DGULG /XFLpUQDJDVHQXQMDUGtQVLQÀRUHV0XVHR3DEOR *DUJDOOR=DUDJR]D 1ª Bienal de Arte Contemporáneo)XQGDFLyQ21&( &tUFXORGH%HOODV$UWHV0DGULG Al despertar de la luna6DOyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH IRWRJUDItD3DODFLR5HYLOODJLJHGR*LMyQ .FRPPH.DIND0XVpHGHV%HDX[$UWV&KDWHDXGH /LQDUGLp0XVpH&KkWHDXGX&D\OD7RXORXVH De venus, ninfas y otras Evas5HNDOGHÈ%LOEDR 2005 Brizos*DOHUtD6SHFWUXP=DUDJR]D Summertime0DULR0DXURQHO&RQWHPSRUDU\$UW 9LHQQD Lenguajes y sentidos0XVHRGH3DVLyQ9DOODGROLG En el Umbral del sueño&DVWLOORGH*ULVHO)HVWLYDO 7DUD]RQD)RWR¶=DUDJR]D Emprunts de Séduction(VSDFHG¶$UW<YRQDPRU3DOL[ 3DUtV &LFORYLGHRJUi¿FR$UWHGHO6LJOR;;,)XQGDFLyQ3LODUL -RDQ0LUy0DOORUFD Le Droit de Reve*DOHULH$FDGHPLD6DO]EXUJ Imágenes de luz(VSDFLR&DMD%XUJRV%XUJRV La colección Caja de Burgos0XVHRGH%HOODV$UWHV 6DQWDQGHU Pictures of Desire on the Threshold of Dreams. 7XUEXOHQFH*DOOHU\1HZ<RUN Otros Paraísos0XVHXP0RGHUQHU.XQVW6WLIWXQJ /XGZLJ9LHQD Selbstmord der Lukrezia$UW&RORJQH*DOHUtD$HOH Cologne. Le Droit de Reve*DOHULH$FDGHPLD6DO]EXUJR Femina*DOHULH/HV)LOOHVGX&DOYDLUH3DULV%UXVVHOV Nueva Fotografía.&ROHFFLyQGHO0XVHR1DFLRQDO &HQWURGH$UWH5HLQD6RItD0XVHXG¶$UW(VSDQ\RO &RQWHPSRUDQL3DOPD0XVHRGH$UWHDEVWUDFWR HVSDxRO&XHQFD)XQGDFLyQ-XDQ0DUFK Otros paraisos.*DOHUtD7UD\HFWR9LFWRULD*DVWHL] De eva y otros paraísos)LDF¶*UDQG3DODLV*DOHUtD $HOH3DUtV Imágenes de mujer en la plástica española del siglo XX.0XVHR3DEOR6HUUDQR=DUDJR]D (QVDPEODMHV*DOHUtD$HOH0DGULG 7UHV¿JXUDV&XDWURSDLVDMHV6DOD*R\D&tUFXORGH %HOODV$UWHV0DGULG Seravan%LHQiOGHFLQH\YtGHR&RPXQLGDGGH 0DGULGPXVHRGH$UWHFRQWHPSRUiQHR0DGULG Interiores con bombilla*DOHUtD-XDQDGH$L]SXUX 6HYLOOD Universalia0XVHR$UWLXP9LWRULD Llistes D’Espera)XQGDFLy9LOD&DVDV(VSDL9RODUW/D (VIHUD%DUFHORQD Septiembre, septiembre*DOHUtD$HOH0DGULG Judith und Leda, Unter Anderen*DOHULH$FDGHPLD 6DO]EXUJ Casa Cuna 2002.$UW&RORJQH¶*DOHUtD$GULDQD 6FKPLGW&RORQLD 2YHUEHFN*HVHOOVJKDIW/EHFN Fragment d’une mise en scéne(VSDFHG¶$UW <YRQDPRU3DOL[3DULV Objetos de tocador*DOHULH'DQ\.HOOHU0XQFKHQ Exposiciones de grupo VHOHFFLyQ Nymphen, Venus, Evas und andere Musen. -DUGtQGH$UWL¿FLRV%LHQDOGHIRWRJUDItD*DOOHU\ 0LFKDHO.URNLQ0RVFRX Tras-Luz*DOHULH$FDGHPLD6DO]EXUJ Almacén de Silencios)XQGDFLyQ$UWH\7HFQRORJtD 7HOHIyQLFD0DGULG Del Jardín de la Memoria(VSDL0HWUzQRP %DUFHORQD Del Alma Herida%LEOLRWHFD3~EOLFD=DPRUD Cantos Rodados*DOHUtD0D[(VWUHOOD0DGULG Apuntes*DOHUtD$OLFDQWH Luz de penumbra&HQWURGHFXOWXUDGH=DPRUD 0XVHRPXQLFLSDO%XUJRV Paloma Navares.(O&DPSHOOR)UHQWHDOPDU Instalación&HQWUR&XOWXUDO&XHQFD Vigovisións0XVHRFRQWHPSRUiQHRGH9LJR Punto de encuentro&HQWUR&DMDGH%XUJRV Memorias de un recorrido&ROHFFLyQ&DMDGH%XUJRV &tUFXORGH%HOODV$UWHV0DGULG La Vista y La Visión,9$09DOHQFLD Origen*DOHUtD$HOH0DGULG 2002 Origen*DOHUtD$OLFDQWH Meninas. Together in the World. )XQGDFLyQ$UWH\ 7HFQRORJtDGH7HOHIyQLFD0DGULG,WLQHUDQFLD Origen. Canto a un árbol caído.0XVHR0XQLFLSDOGH %HOODV$UWHV6DQWDQGHU The Nude in 20th Century Art.XQVWKDOOHLQ(PGHQ Casa del siglo XV6HJRYLD El Bello Género.6DOD&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG *DOHUtD/XFDV9DOHQFLD Aqaria/DQGHV0XVHXP/LQ] *DOHUtD$ULW]D%LOEDR Aquaria.XQVWVDPPOXQJHQ&KHPQLW] Summer in the sculpture garden.*DOHUtD$FDGHPLD 6DO]EXUJR Low-Tech Art)XQGDFLyQ$UWH\7HFQRORJtD7HOHIyQLFD 8,036DQWDQGHU Proyecciones*DOOHU\0LFKDHO.URNLQ0RVF~ El eco de la materia)XQGDFLyQ5DIDHO%RWt&yUGRYD $UJHQWLQD A New Europa - Supranational Art4XLQWR&HQWHQDULR /H=LWHOOHÈUHDGHOD%LHQDO9HQHFLD Stero Tip0XQLFLSDO*DOOHU\RI/MXEOMLDQD(VORYHQLD La metamorfosi del corpo*DOHULD0DUHOOD$UWH &RQWHPSRUDQHD0LOiQ La mirada de abril%LHQDO3DOPD)RWR¶*DOHULD ;DYLHU)LRO3DOPDGH0DOORUFD 2000 &RQ¿QHV0LUDGDVGLVFXUVRV¿JXUDVHQORVH[WUHPRV del siglo XX6DOD3OD]D(VSDxD0DGULG ,FKLVW(WZDV$QGHUHV.XQVWDP(QGHGHV Jahrhunderts.XQVWVDPPOXQJ1RUGUKHLQ:HVWIDOHQ 'VVHOGRUI 'HUDQDJUDPPDWLVFKH.|USHU=.0=HQWUXPIU .XQVWXQG0HGLHQWHFKQRORJLH.DUOVUXKH XXXVI Salón de Montrouge.&HQWUHG¶$UW0RQWURXJH 3DUtV Circuito Cerrado3URFHVRV&XOWXUD\1XHYDV 7HFQRORJtDV0XVHR1DFLRQDO&HQWURGH$UWH5HLQD Sofía, Madrid. 0DQL¿HVWRVGHXQDQDWXUDOH]DVXWLO Sala Comunidad GH0DGULG Pintan mujeres,WLQHUDQFLD&DVWLOOD\/HyQ Retratos*DOHUtD.RZDVD%DUFHORQD +RVSLWDO,QIDQWLO0iODJD +RVSLWDOGH0DWHUQLGDG0iODJD 5HVLGHQFLD6DQLWDULD6HJXULGDG6RFLDO%DGDORQD 'HUDQDJUDPPDWLVFKH.|USHU-DKUHVPXVHXP 0U]]XVFKODJ$XVWULD Sculpture, Figure and Woman6WlGWLVFKH .XQVWDPPOXQJHQ&KHPQLW] La casa, il corpo, il cuore. 3DODLV/LHFKWHQVWDLQ9LHQD Vísceras y sentimientos6DOD,EHUH&DPDUJR3RUWR $OHJUH%UDVLO Proyecto y desarrollo de actividad cultural. Comisariado VHOHFFLyQ Històries del cor0XVHX'¶$UW)XQGDFLy&DL[DGH *LURQD*LURQD Sculpture, Figure, Woman8SSHU$XVWULDQ5HJLRQDO 0XVHXP/LQ] Desde el cuerpo: Alegorías de lo femenino0XVHRGH %HOODV$UWHVGH&DUDFDV Procesos)HVWLYDOHV,QWHUQDFLRQDOHVGH/LPD/LPD Virtue & Vice6LWH*DOOHU\6KHI¿HOG)RWRIHLV\=RQH *DOOHU\(GLQEXUJK:DWHUVKHG%ULVWRO1RWWLQJKDP 8QHUYLVLW\$UW&HQWUH1RWWLQJKDP3RUWDOHQ.RJH%XJW .XOWXUKXV+RODQGD Cuerpos de sombra y luz.'LUHFFLyQ\FRUHRJUDItD -XDQ&DUORV*DUFtD(VFHQRJUDItD\9tGHR3DORPD 1DYDUHV0~VLFD;DYLHU0DULVWDQ\-RDQ6DXUD 9HVWXDULR0LJXHOÈQJHO*DUFtD$VLVWHQWHGH &RUHRJUDItD%HEHWR&LGUD%DLODULQHV/DXUD$ULV /LQGD6FKQHLGHU)HUQDQGR+XUWDGR%HEHWR&LGUD 1LFRODDV0DUFNPDQQ&DOLRSH3DQLDJXD0DULQD 6HUUDQR,VDEHO9i]TXH]&RPSDxtDGH'DQ]D /¶$QyQLPD,PSHULDO La casa del olvido'LUHFFLyQ\FRUHRJUDItD-XDQ &DUORV*DUFtD(VFHQRJUDItD\9tGHR3DORPD1DYDUHV 0~VLFD;DYLHU0DULVWDQ\-RDQ6DXUD$VLVWHQWHGH &RUHRJUDItD%HEHWR&LGUD%DLODULQHV/DXUD$ULV /LQGD6FKQHLGHU)HUQDQGR+XUWDGR%HEHWR&LGUD 1LFRODDV0DUFNPDQQ&DOLRSH3DQLDJXD0DULQD 6HUUDQR,VDEHO9i]TXH]&RPSDxtDGH'DQ]D /¶$QyQLPD,PSHULDO La tentación de San Antonio3UR\HFWRHVFHQRJUi¿FR GLEXMRVHLQIRJUDItD&RPSDxtDGH'DQ]D/¶$QyQLPD ,PSHULDO Origen.'LUHFFLyQHVFHQRJUDItD\YHVWXDULR3DORPD 1DYDUHV&RUHRJUDItD%ULJLWWH$VFKZDQGHX0~VLFD Unte Anderen – Among OthersNXQVWOHUKDXV(9 'RUWPXQG De Naturaleza Sintética,%LHQDOGH$UWH ,EHURDPHULFDQRGH/LPD Juana.(VFHQRJUDItD\YHVWXDULR3DORPD1DYDUHV 0~VLFD(QULF3DORPDU'LUHFFLyQ&DUORV:DJQHU,GHD \OLEUHWRGH5HEHFFD6LPSVRQ3URGXFFLyQÏSHUDGH +DOOH\)HVWLYDOGÏSHUDGH%XW[DFD De imagen y soportes$UWLVWDVSDUWLFLSDQWHV$QD 7HUHVD2UWHJD$QD%XVWR'DQLHO&DQRJDU)UDQFHVF $EDGÈQJHO0DUFRV0DULVD*RQ]iOH]0DEHO3DODFtQ 0RQWVHUUDW6RWR:DOWHU0DUWLQ3DORPD0XxR]&KHPD 0DGR](XODOLD9DOGRVHUD3DODFLR3tJQDWHOOL)HVWLYDO +XHVFD,PDJHQ*RELHUQRGH$UDJyQ De imagen y soportes6DOyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOGH IRWRJUDItD$UWLVWDVSDUWLFLSDQWHV$QD7HUHVD2UWHJD $QD%XVWR'DQLHO&DQRJDU)UDQFHVF$EDGÈQJHO 0DUFRV0DULVD*RQ]iOH]0DEHO3DODFtQ0RQWVHUUDW 6RWR:DOWHU0DUWLQ3DORPD0XxR]&KHPD0DGR] (XODOLD9DOGRVHUD3DODFLRGH5HYLOODJLJHGR2YLHGR &DMDGHDVWXULDV&DWiORJRLQWURGXFFLyQ3DORPD 1DYDUHV0DUWD'DKR Canto de un árbol caído3HUIRUPDQFH (VFHQRJUDItDYHVWXDULRHLOXPLQDFLyQ 3DORPD1DYDUHV &RUHRJUDItD%ULJLWWH$VFKZDQGHX 0~VLFD/XtV3DQLDJXD %DLODULQHV'DQ]DFRQWHPSRUiQHD*UXSR6KLQFD 0XVHRPXQLFLSDOGH%HOODV$UWHV6DQWDQGHU Proyectos para danza contemporánea y ópera. Performances VHOHFFLyQ The Artist Herself.QVWOHUKDXV$XJXVW 6DO]EXUJ Acerca del vídeo)HVWLYDOGHYtGHR&tUFXORGH%HOODV $UWHVGH0DGULG Intervenciones en espacios públicos VHOHFFLyQ Mujeres6DOD&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG0DGULG Erotiques$%*DOOHU\3DUtV La casa, il corpo, il cuore1DWLRQDO*DOOHU\3UDJD The Last Rose of the Summer.:DQGD5HLII*DOOHU\ $PVWHUGDP 2002 En torno al Círculo(VFHQRJUDItD\YHVWXDULR 3DORPD1DYDUHV&RUHRJUDItD%ULJLWWH$VFKZDQGHX 0~VLFD/XtV3DQLDJXD%DLODULQHV*UXSR6KLQFD &tUFXORGH%HOODV$UWHV0DGULG Ohne Rosen Geht es Nicht:HZHUND*DOHULH %HUOLQ Canal de seducción0RQDVWHULRGH9DOODGROLG 3DUFRXUV$FWXHOH.XQVW, Tempus Arti=RXWOHHXZ%UXVVHOV Encuentros de Luna llena'LUHFFLyQHVFHQRJUDItD \YHVWXDULR3DORPD1DYDUHV&RUHRJUDItD%ULJLWWH $VFKZDQGHX0~VLFD/XtV3DQLDJXD%DLODULQHV %ULJLWWH$VFKZDQGHX0DUtD&DQR9LFWRULD'RPtQJXH] 0DULDQR)ORUHV-DYLHU)HUQiQGH],QPDFXODGD /RUHQ]R$QD0DUWtQH]0RQWDxD0HUFKDQ$VXQ3pUH] ÈQJHOHV5RPHUR$OHMDQGUR6HOODU-RDTXt]6XELUWV *DEULHOD6XUGR*UDFLD8EHGD-DUGLQHVGHO0XVHRGH $UWH&RQWHPSRUiQHR0DGULG Ohne Rosen Geht es Nicht:DQGD5HLII*DOOHU\ 0DDVWULFKW 1LQIRJUDItDV,QIRPDQtDV3RpWLFDVIRWRJUi¿FDVHQOD era digital&HQWUR&RQGH'XTXH0DGULG Dialogue with the Other..XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWV .ODHGHIDEULN2GHQVH Seravan3HUIRUPDQFH'LUHFFLyQHVFHQRJUDItD \YtGHRV3DORPD1DYDUHV&RUHRJUDItD%ULJLWWH $VFKZDQGHX%DLODULQHV*UXSR6KLQFD)HULDGH$UWH FRQWHPSRUiQHR$UFR0DGULG Dialogue with the Other1RUUN|SLQJV.RQVWPXVHXP 1RUUN|SLQJ Le corps mis à nu'RQMRQGH9H])UDQFLD Des Rives de l’Art&KDWHDXGH/D1DSRXOH9LOOHGH 0DQGHOLHX1LFH Between Earth and Heaven, New Classical Movements in the Art of Today0XVHXPYRRU0RGHUQH.XQVW 2RVWHQGH /XtV3DQLDJXD%DLODULQHV*UXSR6KLQFD0XVHR (VSDxROGH$UWH&RQWHPSRUiQHRGH0DGULG Ecos de la materia0(,$&%DGDMR] Natura: entre los límites de un mundo dual.0XVHR $OHMDQGUR2WHUR&DUDFDV 2001 Spanish Contemporary Art.RQVWKDOOHQ*|WHERUJ Arte y tecnología$UWLVWDVSDUWLFLSDQWHVHQ LQVWDODFLRQHV1DP-XQH3DLN0DULH-R/DIRQWDLQH%LOO 9LROD&LFORGHYtGHRFUHDFLyQFRQIHUHQFLD/D&DL[DGH &DWDOXQ\D%DUFHORQD II Festival de vídeo$UWLVWDVSDUWLFLSDQWHVHQ YtGHRLQVWDODFLRQHVGH1DP-XQH3DLN)UDQFHVF7RUUHV 7KLHUU\.XQW]HO0DU\/XFLHU0DUFHO2GHQEDFK1DQ +RRYHU%LOO9LROD(QFRQFLHUWR0XOWLPHGLD(VSDFLR3 3HGUR*DUKHO5RVD*DOOLQGR&LFORVGHYtGHRFUHDFLyQ FRQIHUHQFLDV\WDOOHUHV&tUFXORGH%HOODV$UWHV &RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG III Convocatoria Nacional de vídeo&tUFXORGH%HOODV $UWHV&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG Talleres y cursos VHOHFFLyQ Cultura y nuevas tecnologías, Procesos.ÈUHDGHFLFORV YtGHRHLQVWDODFLRQHV$UWLVWDVSDUWLFLSDQWHV1DP -XQH3DLN0RQWDGDV3DORPD1DYDUHV&HQWURGHDUWH 5HLQD6RItD0LQLVWHULRGH&XOWXUD0DGULG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO6XPPHU$FDGHP\RI)LQH$UWV6DO]EXUJ Sculpture, object, installation-XO\$XJXVW+DOOHLQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO6XPPHU$FDGHP\RI)LQH$UWV6DO]EXUJ Sculpture, object, installation-XO\$XJXVW+DOOHLQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO6XPPHU$FDGHP\RI)LQH$UWV6DO]EXUJ Sculpture, installation-XO\$XJXVW+DOOHLQ Encuentros en torno al vídeo,,FRQYRFDWRULDQDFLRQDO GHYtGHR&tUFXORGH%HOODV$UWHV&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG I Festival de vídeo$UWLVWDVSDUWLFLSDQWHVHQYtGHRLQV WDODFLRQHV:ROI9RVWHOO:RRG\\6WDLQD9DVXOND'DQ *UDKDP0DULH-R/DIRQWDLQH3HWHU:HLEHO(XJHQLD %DOFHOOV,QJH*UDI=<;&DUOHV3XMRO&RQFKD-HUH] 3HUIRUPDQFHV(VWKHU)HUUHU&LUFRHOHFWUyQLFR0LFKHO -DIIUHQRX&LFORVWDOOHUHVFRQIHUHQFLDV&tUFXORGH %HOODV$UWHV&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG Ciclos y conferencias VHOHFFLyQ Mujer, arte contemporáneo8QLYHUVLGDGGH 6DODPDQFD7UDYHVtD&LFORDUWLVWDV\RYLVLRQDULRV &DMD%XUJRV Memoria y clonación en el arte actual8QLYHUVLGDG -XDQ&DUORV0DGULG1RYLHPEUH Mapas Internos(QFXHQWURV-XDQD0RUGyQRYLHPEUH Generación Digital&HQWURFXOWXUDO0RQWHKHUPRVR QRYLHPEUH9LWRULD Catálogos personales ([SRVLFLyQ©'HOO¶$QLPDIHULWDª &RPLVDULR$QWyQ&DVWURGLUHFWRUGHO ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHVGH0LOiQ 7H[WR$QWyQ&DVWUR 7H[WR0DUJDULWD/HGR 7H[WR0DULH/LQGH2UWHJD 7H[WR'DQLHOOH'HORXFKH ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR,WDOLDQR 3URGXFFLyQ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV &RPXQHGL6DVVXROR 2FWXEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©'HGLFDWRULDVª 7H[WR0DUWD0DQWHFyQ ,GLPRDV&DVWHOODQR,QJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHUtD©,VDEHO+DUOH\ª0iODJD 1RYLHPEUH'LFLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©'HODOPDKHULGDª 7H[WR0DUJDULWD/HGR 7H[WR0DULH/LQGH2UWHJD 7H[WR'DQLHOOH'HORXFKH ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR)UDQFpV 3URGXFFLyQ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV %LEOLRWHFD3~EOLFDGH=DPRUD &KkWHDX0XVpHGX&D\OD7RXORXVH $EULO ([SRVLFLyQ©&DQWRV5RGDGRVª 7H[WR3LHGDG6RODQV ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR,QJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ+tEULGD*DOHUtD0D[(VWUHOOD '9',QWHUDFWLYR Enero 2005 ([SRVLFLyQ©7UDYHVtD±ª &RPLVDULR5XIR&ULDGR 7H[WRV&DMDGH%XUJRV 7H[WRV5XIR&ULDGR ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR,QJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ&$%&HQWURGH$UWH&DMDGH%XUJRV 0DU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©(VSDFLRV)URQWHUL]RVª &RPLVDULR3LHGDG6RODQV 7H[WR3LHGDG6RODQV ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR&DWDOiQ,QJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLy3LODUL-RDQ0LUy a Mallorca 0DU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©$O)LORª 7H[WR$QJHOD0ROLQD 7H[WR%HUWD6LFKHO 7H[WR%DUEDUD:DOO\ ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRHLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLyQ$UWH\7HFQRORJtDGH 7HOHIyQLFD0DGULG (QHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©6WDQGE\ª &RPLVDULD0DUJDULWD$L]SXUX 7H[WR0DUJDULWD$L]SXUX 7H[WR6DQWLDJR2OPR ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHR0XQLFLSDOGH0iODJD 1RYLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©7UiQVLWRª &RPLVDULRV-RVp/XLV0DUWtQH] $UiPLV/ySH]-XDQ 7H[WR$QWRQLR5DPRV 7H[WR-RVp/XLV0DUWtQH]0HVHJXHU 7H[WR%iUEDUD:DOO\ ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRYDOHQFLDQRHLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHR8QLYHUVLGDGGH$OLFDQWH 08$$OLFDQWHPD\R '9'©7UiQVLWRª &RQFHSWR\UHDOL]DFLyQ&$7+LEULGD\08$ 3URGXFFLyQ8QLYHUVLGDGGH$OLFDQWH 0D\R ([SRVLFLyQ©7UDV±/X]ª 7H[WR%iUEDUD:DOO\ ©'HOFRUD]yQ\HODUWL¿FLRª 7H[WR/RUDQ+HJ\L ©/DVHGXFWRUDVHQVXDOLGDGGHODUWHIDFWRª 7H[WR&DUPHQ+ROJXHUDV ©(QWUHYLVWDFRQ3DORPD1DYDUHVª ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ$\XQWDPLHQWRGH$OFRUFyQ 0DGULGPDU]R &'5RP©3DORPD1DYDUHVª &RQFHSWR\UHDOL]DFLyQ&$7 3URGXFFLyQ$\XQWDPLHQWRGH$OFRUFyQ 8QLYHUVLGDG-XDQ&DUORV,&DMDPDGULG $OFRUFyQPDU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©0LOHQLDGHOFRUD]yQ\HODUWL¿FLRª 7H[WRV0HQHQH*UDV/yUiQG+HJ\L5RVZLWKD -XI¿QJHU*DEULHOH*URVFKQHU ,GLRPDVDOHPiQLQJOpV &RPLVDULR*DEULHOH*URVFKQHU 3URGXFFLyQ5HVLGHQ]JDOHULH6DO]EXUJ 6DO]EXUJRMXOLR ([SRVLFLyQ©5HFLSLHQWHGHOiJULPDVª &RPLVDULR0DJGDOHQD$JXLOy 7H[WR$OEHUWR0DUWtQ©(OVFRVVRVFRQGXFWRUVª 7H[WR0DJGDOHQD$JXLOy©(VWDQFHVGHOOXPXQ YLDWJHPpVHQOOiGHODPLUDGDª ,GLRPDVFDWDOiQFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ&HQWUH6D1RVWUD 2EUD6RFLDO\&XOWXUDO 0DOORUFDMXQLR ([SRVLFLyQ©3HQGLHQWHVGHO&RUD]yQ© &RPLVDULD&DUPH6DLV 7H[WR&DUPH6DLV0DJGDOHQD$JXLOy*ORULD %RVFK0HQHQH*UDV5RVD0DUWtQH] ,GLRPDVFDWDOiQFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ$MXQWDPHQWGH*LURQD *LURQDRFWXEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©/XFHVGH+LEHUQDFLyQª 7H[WR0HQHQH*UDV ©(QHODELVPRLQWHULRUª 3URGXFFLyQ&RPXQLGDGGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR ([SRVLFLyQLWLQHUDQWHSRU9DOODGROLG =DPRUD\%XUJRV 9DOODGROLGDEULO 3URGXFFLyQ(VSDFLR&DMD%XUJRV %XUJRVPD\R ([SRVLFLyQ©2WURV3DUDtVRVª0XVHXP 0RGHUQHU.XQVW6WLIXQJ/XGZLJ &RPLVDULDGR/yUiQG+HJ\L 7H[WR+HQULHWWH+RUQ\)&DOYR6HUUDOOHU ,GLRPDVDOHPiQFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHXP0RGHUQHU.XQVW 6WLIXQJ/XGZLJ 9LHQD ([SRVLFLyQ©3UHOXGLRGHXQ-DUGLQ$UWL¿FLDOª &RPLVDULDGR\WH[WR0HQHQH*UDV ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHRGH$UWHV9LVXDOHV $OHMDQGUR2WHUR &DUDFDVMXOLR &DWiORJRREMHWROLEUR©,PiJHQHVGHOGHVHRª 7H[WR3DORPD1DYDUHV ,GLRPDVDOHPiQFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHXP0RGHUQHU.XQVW 6WLIWXQJ/XGZLJ 9LHQD ([SRVLFLyQ©2WURV3DUDtVRVª *DOHUtD7UD\HFWR 7H[WR5RVD2OLYDUHV ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQRHXVNHUD 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHUtD7UD\HFWR 9LWRULD*DVWHL]QRYLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©6RPEUDVGHOVXHxRSURIXQGRª &RPLVDULR)HUQDQGR,OODQD 7H[WR5RVD2OLYDUHV ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRHXVNHUDLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ6DOD$PiULFD 9LWRULD*DVWHL]VHSWLHPEUH ([SRVLFLRQHV©(QVDPEODMHV\©6HSWLHPEUH VHSWLHPEUHª*DOHUtD$HOH 7H[WR)+XLFL ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHUtD$HOH 0DGULGVHSWLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©/XFLpUQDJDVHQXQMDUGLQVLQÀRUHVª &RPLVDULR&ULVWLQD*LO 7H[WR5RVD0DUWtQH] 7H[WR$QD0DUWtQH]&ROODGR&ULVWLQD*LO 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHR3DEOR*DUJDOOR =DUDJR]DDEULO ([SRVLFLyQ©$UTXHRORJtDGHOFRORUª &RPLVDULDGR)HUQDQGR=DPDQLOOR 7H[WR3DORPD1DYDUHV ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHRGH%HOODV$UWHV 6DQWDQGHU ([SRVLFLyQ©1\PSKHQ9HQXV(YDVXQG DQGHUH0XVHQª &RPLVDULDGR\7H[WR5RVZLWKD6LHZHUW ,GLRPDVDOHPiQFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ2YHUEHFN*HVHOOVJKDIW /EHFNIHEUHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©$OPDFHQGHVLOHQFLRVª &DWiORJR©)UDJPHQWRVGHOMDUGtQ GHODPHPRULDª 7H[WR)HUQDQGR&DVWUR)OyUH]/,VKL.DZD ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ)XQG$UWH\7HFQRORJtD7HOpIRQLFD 0DGULGHQHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©,PiJHQHVGHOX]ª &RPLVDULR5XIR&ULDGR 7H[WR0LJXHO)HUQiQGH]&LG ©'LVWDQFLD\VHGXFFLyQª ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV Catálogos de grupo ([SRVLFLyQ©(OSXHQWHGHODYLVLyQª 0XVHRGH%HOODV$UWHVGH6DQWDQGHU &RPLVDULR6DOYDGRU&DUUHWHUR5HEpV 7H[WR0DUWD0DQWHFyQ ,GLRPD&DVWHOODQR,QJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ$\XQWDPLHQWRGH6DQWDQGHU &DMD&DQWDEULD -XOLRVHSWLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©'LYHUVLGDGHVIRUPDOHVª &$%%XUJRV &RPLVDULR5XIR&ULDGR ,GLRPD&DVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&$%&HQWURGH$UWH&DMD%XUJRV ([SRVLFLyQ³6ZHHW6FXPEHUJ´ 0XVHXP5HVLGHQ]JDOHULH6DO]EXUJ 'LUHFWRUD5RVZLWKD-XI¿QJHU &RPLVDULD(ULND0D\U2HKULQJ 7H[WR(ULND0D\U2HKULQJ ,GLRPD$OHPiQ 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHXP5HVLGHQ]JDOHULH6DO]EXUJ -XOLR ([SRVLFLyQ©.FRPPH.DINDª &RPLVDULR*pUDUG*HRUJH/HPDLUH 7H[WR*pUDUG*HRUJH/HPDLUH ,GLRPD)UDQFpV 3URGXFFLyQ0LQLVWHUHGHOD&XOWXUH HWGHODFRPPXQLFDWLRQ 0DU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©1XHYD7HFQRORJtD1XHYD ,FRQRJUDItD1XHYD)RWRJUDItDª)RWRJUDItDGH ORVDxRV\HQODFROHFFLyQGHO0XVHR 1DFLRQDO&HQWURGH$UWH5HLQD6RItD 7H[WRV&DWKHULQH&ROHPDQ 7H[WRV3DEOR/ORUFD &RPLVDULR&DWKHULQH&ROHPDQ ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQRHLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLyQ-XDQ0DUFK 0DU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©3XQWRGH(QFXHQWURª &RPLVDULR5XIR&ULDGR 7H[WR5XIR&ULDGR-RVp-LPpQH] &RPLVDULDGR5XIR&ULDGR ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&$% 2FWXEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©&ROHFFLyQ&DMDGH%XUJRVª &RPLVDULR$UPDQGR0RQWHVLQRV 7H[WR$UPDQGR0RQWHVLQRV 7H[WR5XIR&ULDGR 7H[WR)pOL[(VFULEDQR ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&HQWURGH$UWH&DMDEXUJRV 0D\R ([SRVLFLyQ©0$'ª 'LUHFWRUGHO3UR\HFWR 2UODQGR)HUQiQGH]&DVDQXHYD &RPLVDULRV&ODXGLD*LDQHWWL-XDQ*XDUGLROD .DULQ2KOHQVFKOlJHU2SHUDULRGH,GHDV 7H[WR&ODXGLD*LDQQHWWL 7H[WR.DULQ2KOHQVFKOlJHU ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR (GLFLyQ$PDYL 3URGXFFLyQ$PDYL,QWHUYHQWR 0D\R ([SRVLFLyQ©/DLPDJHQGHODPXMHUHQOD SOiVWLFDHVSDxRODGHOVLJOR;;ª 0XVHR3DEOR6HUUDQR=DUDJR]D &RPLVDULR/RPED6HUUDQR&RQFHSFLyQ 7H[WRV/RPED6HUUDQR&RQFHSFLyQ 7H[WR-DLPH%ULKXHJD 7H[WR(VWUHOODGH'LHJR 7H[WR9LFWRULD&RPEDOtD 7H[WR-DYLHU3pUH]5RMDV ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ*RELHUQRGH$UDJyQ =DUDJR]DDEULO ([SRVLFLyQ©9LJRYLVLyQVª0$5&2 0XVHRGH$UWH&RQWHPSRUiQHRGH9LJR )HFKDVGHDEULOGHMXQLRGH &RPLVDULRV0DQXHO6HQGyQ\ ;RVp/XtV6XiUH]&DQDO &RRUGLQDFLyQ,ULD&DQGHOD 7H[WRV0DQXHO6HQGyQ 7H[WRV;RVp/XtV6XiUH]&DQDO 7H[WRV0DUWD*LOL 7H[WRV3HGUR0H\HU ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRJDOHJRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ;XQWDGH*DOLFLD 9LJRPD\R ([SRVLFLyQ©/OLVWHVG¶(VSHUDª )XQGDFLy9LOD&DVDV%DUFHORQD &RPLVDULD*ORULD%RVFK 7H[WRV*ORULDERVFK ,GLRPDV&DWDOiQFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLy9LOD&DVDV %DUFHORQDPDU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©&ROHFFLyQ&DMD%XUJRVª &tUFXORGH%HOODV$UWHV0DGULG &RPLVDULR$UPDQGR0RQWHVLQRV 7H[WR$UPDQGR0RQWHVLQRV ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&DMD%XUJRV %XUJRVPD\R ([SRVLFLyQ©/D9LVWD\OD9LVLyQª ,YDP9DOHQFLD &RPLVDULR3HGUR$]DUD 7H[WR3HGUR$]DUD ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQRYDOHQFLDQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ,YDP 9DOHQFLDMXOLR ([SRVLFLyQ©'RZQVWUHDP,,,ª 3HQD¿HO3RUWXJDO &RPLVDULR%HJRxD7ULOOR 7H[WRV3LHGDG6RODQV 7H[WRV9LFWRU/ySH] ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRSRUWXJXpVLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLyQ5HL$IRQVR+HQULTXHV 2SRUWRPDU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©7KH1XGHLQWKH$UWRIWKH 7ZHQWLHWK&HQWXU\ª.XQVWKDOOHLP(PGHQ 7H[WRV1LOV2OVHQ &RPLVDULR$FKLP6RPPHU\1LOV2OVHQ 3URGXFFLyQ.XQVWKDOOHLQ(PGHQ ,GLRPDV$OHPiQHLQJOpV (PGHQRFWXEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©$TXDULDª/DQGHV0XVHXP ±.XQVWVDPPOXQJHQ/LQ]\&KHPQLW] &RPLVDULD%iUEDUD:DOO\ 7H[WRV%iUEDUD:DOO\0DQDQG:DWHU 7H[WRV*HUKDUG$XHU/LYLQJZHWWHU 7H[WRV.ODXV7KHZHOHLW7KLQJVRIWKHFHQWXU\ 7H[WRV3HWHU$VVPDQQ:DWHU&DWDVWURSKLHV 7H[WRV5REHUW(PPHW+HUQDQ 7KHGDUNVLGHRIZDWHU ,GLRPDV$OHPiQLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ/DQGHV0XVHHQ.XQVWVDPPOXQJHQ &KHPQLW]IHEUHUR±MXQLR ([SRVLFLyQ©2WUDV0HQLQDVª )XQGDFLyQ7HOHIyQLFD0DGULGHLWLQHUDQWH &RPLVDULD5RVD3HUDOHV 7H[WR5RVD3HUDOHV3LODU5LEDO ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLyQ7HOHIyQLFD Madrid, enero, 2002 ([SRVLFLyQ©(O%HOOR*pQHURª &RPLVDULD0DUJDULWD$L]SXUX 7H[WRV0DUJDULWD$L]SXUX 7H[WRV%HUWD6LFKHO ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG 0DGULGDEULO ([SRVLFLyQ©$UW0RVFRZª &RPLVDULR0LFKDHO.URNLQ ,GLRPD5XVR 3URGXFFLyQ©$UW0RVFRZ3URJUDPPHWK ,QWHUQDWLRQDOª0RVF~DEULO ([SRVLFLyQ©/DGpFDGDGHORVCª &RPLVDULR)UDQFLVFR-DYLHU6DQ0DUWtQ 7H[WRV3HGURGH6DQ&ULVWyEDO)UDQFLVFR -DYLHU6DQ0DUWtQ+XUELOHNR3URIH]LDN 5RVD2OLYDUHV(ORJLRGHOD/X] ,GLRPD9DVFR&DVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ$UDEDNR)RUX$OGXQGLD $ODYDIHEUHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©1LQIRJUDItDV,QIRPDQtDVª&HQWUR &XOWXUDO&RQGHGXTXH0DGULG &RPLVDULR-RVp*yPH],VOD 7H[WRV-RVp*yPH]©,VODª ,GLRPD&DVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&HQWUR&XOWXUDO&RQGHGXTXH 0DGULGQRYLHPEUHIHEUHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©)UDJPHQWRVª &RPLVDULR5XIR&ULDGR*HUDUGR3HUDO 7H[WRV*ORULD3LFDVVR ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQRHLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ&DMD%XUJRV %XUJRVPD\R±MXQLR ([SRVLFLyQ©/H&RUSV0LVD1Xª'RQMRQGH9H] &RPLVDULD6\OYDLQ/HFRPEUH 7H[WRV6\OYDLQ/HFRPEUH ,GLRPDIUDQFpV 3URGXFFLyQ/HV$PLHVGH9H]/H&RQVHLO 5HJLRQDOGH3LFDUGLH 'RQMRQGH9H]MXQLR &'URP©3DORPD1DYDUHVª &RQFHSWR\UHDOL]DFLyQ&DW ,GLRPDVDOHPiQFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ$\XQWDPLHQWRGH$OFRUFyQ 8QLYHUVLGDG-XDQ&DUORV,&DMDPDGULG $OFRUFyQPDU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©$JXD\DFHLWHªLWLQHUDQWHSRU &DVWLOOD\/HyQ &RPLVDULD0D\WH2OLYHU ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ-XQWDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ 9DOODGROLGIHEUHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©%HWZHHQ(DUWKDQG+HDYHQ 1HZ&ODVVLFDO0RYHPHQWVLQWKHDUWRI7RGD\ª 0XVHXPYRU0RGHUQH.XQVW2RVWHQGH &RPLVDULR\WH[WRV:9DQ'HQ%XVVFKH ,GLRPDVÀDPHQFRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHXPYRU0RGHUQH.XQVW 2RVWHQGH 2VWHQGHIHEUHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©3LQWDQPXMHUHVDJXD\DFHLWHª ([SRVLFLyQLWLQHUDQWHHQ6DODVGHH[SRVLFLRQHV GHOD-XQWDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ 2UJDQL]D$UHDGH$UWHVSOiVWLFDV 7H[WR0DQHO&ORW ,GLRPDV&DVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ-XQWDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ &DVWLOOD\/HyQ ([SRVLFLyQ©0XMHUHVª6DODGHH[SRVLFLRQHV GHOD3OD]DGH(VSDxD0DGULG &RPLVDULR-RVp0DQXHO$OYDUH](QMXWR 7H[WRV-RVp0DQXHO$OYDUH](QMXWR 5RVD2OLYDUHV ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG 0DGULGQRYLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©7HPSXV$UWLª/DQGHQ/LQWHU =RXWOHHXZ &RPLVDULR'LUN/DPEUHFKWV 7H[WRV'LUN/DPEUHFKWV ,GLRPDVLQJOpVÀDPHQFR ,GLRPDVLQJOpVÀDPHQFR /DQGHQMXOLR ([SRVLFLyQ©,FKLVWHWZDV$QGHUHV.XQVW DP(QGHGHV-DKUKXQGHUWVª*OREDO$UW 5KHLQODQG .XQVWVDPPOXQJ1RUGUKHLQ:HVWIDOHQ 'VVHOGRUI &RPLVDULRV$UPLQ=ZHLWH'RULV.U\VWRI 5HLQKDUG6SLHOHU 7H[WR$XURUD*DUFtD ,GLRPD$OHPiQ 3URGXFFLyQ.XQVWVDPPOXQJ1RUGUKHLQ :HVWIDOHQ'VVHOGRUI 'XVVHOGRUIMXQLR *DOHULD$HOH0DGULG &RPLVDULD(YHO\Q%RWHOOD 7H[WRV(YHO\Q%RWHOOD'LHJR$FHGR ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQRIUDQFpVLQJOpV Madrid, 2000 ([SRVLFLyQ©)UDJPHQWVª0XVHXGH*UDQROOHUV &RPLVDULR5DIDHO7RXVL*LQHU 7H[WRV5DIDHO7RXVL*LQHU0DUtD3HUPDQ\HUL %DVWDUGDV ,GLRPDVFDWDOiQFDVWHOODQRLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHXGH*UDQROOHUV *UDQROOHUVPDU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©/DFDVDLOFRUSRLOFXRUHª &RPLVDULR/yUiQG+HJ\L ,GLRPDVDOHPiQLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ0XVHXP0RGHUQHU.XQVW6WLIWXP /XGZLJ:LHQ 9LHQDMXQLR ([SRVLFLyQ©'HUDQDJUDPPDWLVFKHN|USHUª =.0.DUOVUXKH=HQWUXPIU.XQVWXQG 0HGLHQWHFKQRORJLH.DUOVUXKH &RPLVDULR3HWHU:HLEHO 7H[WRV%DUEDUD)LOVHU6DELQH+LPPHOVEDFK 3HWHU:HLEHO ,GLRPDVDOHPiQ 3URGXFFLyQ=.0 .DUOVUXKHDEULO ([SRVLFLyQ©&RQ¿QHVª6DOD3O(VSDxD0DGULG &RPLVDULR-DLPH%ULKXHJD&RQFKD/RPED 7H[WRV*RQ]DOR0%RUUiV-DLPH%ULKXHJD &RQFKD/RPED-XDQ$5DPLUH] ,GLRPDVHVSDxRO 3URGXFFLyQ&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG 0DGULGPD\R &'URP©$UWHYLVLyQª8QDKLVWRULDGHODUWH HOHFWUyQLFRHQ(VSDxD &RQFHSFLyQ&ODXGLD*LDQQHWL 'LUHFFLyQ\JXLyQ&ODXGLD*LDQQHWL(XJHQL %RQHW\/LOLD3pUH] ,GLRPDFDWDOiQ 3URGXFFLyQ0HFDG0HGLD&HQWUHG¶$UWL 'LVVHQ\/D&DL[D 6DEDGHOO /LEURGHHQVD\R©/LJKWER[HVª ©/HXFKWNDVWHQNXQVWª $XWRU6WHSKDQ7UHVFKHU ,GLRPDVDOHPiQ 3URGXFFLyQ9HUODJIUPRGHUQH.XQVW 1UQEHUJ ([SRVLFLyQ©/DFROHFFLyQª -XQWDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ 7H[WRV-DYLHU+HUQDQGR0D\WH2OLYHU2UWL] 3URGXFFLyQ-XQWDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ 9DOODGROLGRFWXEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©&DPLQDQWHVª;DFREHR &RPLVDULR-DYLHU+HUQDQGR&DUUDVFR 7H[WRV-DYLHU+HUQDQGR&DUUDVFR -XDQ0DQXHO*DUFtD,JOHVLDV ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRJDOOHJR 3URGXFFLyQ;XQWDGH*DOLFLD 1RYLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©6FXOSWXUH)LJXUH:RPDQª /DQGHVPXVHXP/LQ] &RPLVDULD%DUEDUD:DOO\ 7H[WRV%DUEDUD:DOO\$QQHOLHVH.DDU ,GLRPDV$OHPiQLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ8SSHU$XVWULDQ 5HJLRQDO*DOOHU\/LQ] /LQ]DEULO ([SRVLFLyQ©'H,PDJHQ\6RSRUWHVª 3DODFLRGH5HYLOODJLJHGR*LMyQ &RPLVDULD3DORPD1DYDUHV 7H[WRV0DUWD'DKy ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&DMDGH$VWXULDV *LMyQHQHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©&DQDOGHVHGXFFLyQª 0RQDVWHULR'H1WUD6UDGH3UDGR9DOODGROLG &RPLVDULR,VDDF0RQWR\D ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ-XQWDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ 9DOODGROLGPD\R ([SRVLFLyQ©/X]GHO3DVDGRª %DUEDUD+HOG3DORPD1DYDUHV 7H[WR0HQHQH*UDV ,GLRPDVFDWDOiQLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLy5DIDHO7RXVG¶$UW &RQWHPSRUDQL %DUFHORQD ([SRVLFLyQ©(OSDFWRYLVLEOHª ([SRVLFLyQ©&RQWUDYLHQWR\PDUHDª +RPHQDMHD-XOLR$OYDUH] ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 7H[WR$QWRQLR0ROLQHUR 3URGXFFLyQ(VFXHODGH$UWHGH=DUDJR]D\ 0LQLVWHULRGH&XOWXUD =DUDJR]D ([SRVLFLyQ©)RWRJUDItDHVSDxROD XQSDVHRSRUORVQRYHQWDª -DUGtQ%RWiQLFR0DGULG &RPLVDULD0\ULDPGH/LQLHUV 7H[WRV0LU\DPGH/LQLHUV5DIDHO'RFWRU ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&DMD0DGULG 0DGULGQRYLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©8QWHU$QGHUHQDPRQJRWKHUVª .XQVWKDOOH'RUWPXQG ©/LJKWRIWKH3DVWª 7H[WRV%DUEDUD+HOG ,GLRPDVDOHPiQ .QVWOHUKDXV'RUWPXQG 'RUWPXQG0D\R ([SRVLFLyQ©9LUWXH9LFHª $PVWHUGDPHLWLQHUDQWH &RPLVDULR0LUHOOH7KLMVHQ 7H[WR0LUHOOH7KLMVHQ5RVHPDU\%HWWHUWRQ ,GLRPDVKRODQGpVLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO3KRWRJUDSK\ 5HVHDUFK $PVWHUGDP ([SRVLFLyQ©0HPRULDO%RRNª 6DODGH([SRVLFLRQHV+QRV%D\HX=DUDJR]D &RPLVDULD&ULVWLQD*LO 7H[WRV&ULVWLQD6DQ5RPiQ3LODU&DWDOiQ 0DJGDOHQD/DVDOD ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ*RELHUQRGH$UDJyQ =DUDJR]DMXQLR ([SRVLFLyQ©$UTXLWHFWXUDGHODOX]ª 9-GH$UWHFRQWHPSRUiQHR &RPLVDULRV3HGUR3L]DUUR\$OIUHGR7DMiQ 3URGXFFLyQ&ROHJLRGH$UTXLWHFWRVGH0iODJD 0iODJDPD\R ([SRVLFLyQ©&HJXHVHVª0XVHXG¶$UW*LURQD &RPLVDULR*ORULD%RVFK 7H[WRV*ORULD%RVFK&DUPH*XLQHD 6XVDQQD3RUWHOO3HSD%DOVDFK ,GLRPDVFDWDOiQFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLy&DL[DGH*LURQD21&( 0XVHRG¶$UWGH*LURQD*LURQD ([SRVLFLyQ©$UWHHQ&DVWLOOD\/HyQª %XUJRGH2VPD &RPLVDULDGR-XDQ&DUORV(ORU]D ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ-XQWDGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ 6RULD ([SRVLFLyQ©(FRVGHODPDWHULDª 0(,$&%DGDMR] 0XVHR([WUHPHxRH,EHURDPHULFDQR GH$UWH&RQWHPSRUiQHR &RPLVDULDGR\WH[WRV-RVp5DPyQ'DQYLOD ©+LVWRULD\UHFXHUGR&UtWLFD\HPRFLyQª ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ0(,$&%DGDMR] ([SRVLFLyQ©&ROHFFLRQHVLPDJLQDULDVª *DOHUtD'96DQ6HEDVWLiQ &RPLVDULDGR\7H[WRV6DQWLDJR2OPR 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHUtD'9 6DQ6HEDVWLiQVHSWLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©6DOyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH )RWRJUDItDª3DODFLR5HYLOODJLJHGR &RRUGLQDFLyQ,VDEHO&RUUDO 7H[WR-RVp5DPyQ'DQYLOD ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&DMDGH$VWXULDV *LMyQGLFLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©'HOMDUGtQGHODPHPRULDª 0HWUzQRP%DUFHORQD 7H[WRV5RVD0DUWtQH]©3RHVtD\GHFRQVWUXFFLyQª 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLy5DIDHO7RXV'¶DUW &RQWHPSRUDQL0HWUzQRP %DUFHORQD ([SRVLFLyQ©'HVGHDTXt\DSURSyVLWRGH /DWLQRDPpULFDª*%HULQL%DUFHORQD 7H[WR.HZLQ3RZHU 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHUtD%HULQL %DUFHORQDGLFLHPEUH ([SRVLFLyQ©*HGRN5HSXEOLNGHUNQVWHQ $YDQWJDUGHXQG7UDGLWLRQª.XQVWYHUHLQ/EHFN $XWRUD5RVZLWKD6LHZHUW ,GLRPDDOHPiQ 3URGXFFLyQ*HGRN6FKOHVZLJ+ROVWHLQ 5HSXEOLN'HU.QVWH/EHFN ([SRVLFLyQ©)RWRELHQDOGH9LJRª &RPLVDULRV0DQXHO6HQGyQ;RVp/6XiUH]&DQDO 7H[WRV/ROD*DUULGR3DORPD1DYDUHV 3URGXFFLyQ&HQWURGHHVWXGLRVIRWRJUi¿FRV &RQFHOORGH9LJR 9LJR ([SRVLFLyQ©$UWHFRQWHPSRUiQHRHVSDxROª ©7KLQNLQJRI\RXª .RQVWKDOOHQ*RWHERUJ.RQVWPXVHXP &RPLVDULD\7H[WRV5RVD0DUWtQH] ,GLRPDVLQJOpVVXHFR 3URGXFFLyQ.RQVWKDOOHQ*|WHERUJ .RQVWPXVHXP*|WHERUJHQHUR ([SRVLFLyQ©/D1XRYD(XURSDª$UHDGHOD %LHQDOGH9HQHFLD/D=LWHOOH9HQHFLD &RPLVDULDGR&DUPHOR6WUDQR 7H[WR&DUPHOR6WUDQR ,GLRPDVLQJOpVLWDOLDQR 3URGXFFLyQ&((9HQHFLDMXQLR ([SRVLFLyQ©)RWRJUDItDHVSDxROD XQSDVHRSRUORVªLWLQHUDQWHSRU(XURSD &RPLVDULD0\ULDPGH/LQLHUV 7H[WRV0\ULDPGH/LQLHUV0DQXHO6DQWRV 5DIDHO'RFWRU5RQFHUR ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ0LQLVWHULRGH$VXQWRV([WHULRUHV ,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV0DGULG ([SRVLFLyQ©'HVULYHVGHO¶DUWª &KkWHDXGHOD1DSRXOH0DQGHOLHX &RPLVDULR-KRQ6HUQp)XQGDFLyQ&OHZV 7H[WRV5RVD0DUWtQH] ,GLRPDVIUDQFpV 3URGXFFLyQ9LOOHGH0DQGHOLHX 0DQGHOLHXDJRVWR ([SRVLFLyQ©6WHUHR7LSª 0HVWQD*DOHULMD/XEMLDQD &RPLVDULD\WH[WRV+HOHQD3LYHF (YD0DUtD6WDGOHU/LOLMDQD6WHSDQFLF ,GLRPDVLQJOpVHVORYHQR 3URGXFFLyQ0HVWQD*DOHULMD /MXEOMDQD6ORYHQLD ([SRVLFLRQHV0HWUzQRP &RPLVDULR5DIDHO7RXVL*LQHU 7H[WRV5DIDHO7RXVL*LQHU5RVD0DUWtQH] ,GLRPDVFDWDOiQFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLy5DIDHO7RXVG¶$UW &RQWHPSRUDQL%DUFHORQD ([SRVLFLyQ7DUD]RQD)RWR ©(QHOXPEUDOGHORVVXHxRVª7DUD]RQD &RPLVDULDGR-XOLR$OYDUH] 7H[WRV5RVD0DUWtQH] ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ7DUD]RQD)RWR 7DUD]RQDMXOLR ([SRVLFLyQ©'LDORJXHZLWKWKH2WKHUª .XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWV.ODHGHIDEULN2GHQVH &RPLVDULDGR/HQH%XUNDUG 7H[WRV/HQH%XUNDUG+HQULHWWH+RUQ\ ,GLRPDVGDQpVLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ.XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWV.ODHGHIDEULN 6LHPHQV$6 2GHQVH'LQDPDUFD ([SRVLFLyQ©&ROHFFLyQ3~EOLFD,,ª 'LSXWDFLyQ)RUDOGHÈODYD 7H[WRV*ORULD3LFD]R ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRHXVNHUD 3URGXFFLyQ'LSXWDFLyQ)RUDOGHÈODYD0XVHR GH%HOODV$UWHV 9LWRULD*DVWHL] ([SRVLFLyQ©'H9HQXV1LQIDV\RWUDV(YDVª 7H[WRV$OLFLD)HUQiQGH] -RVp0DQXHO6XVSHUUHJL)HUQDQGR,OODQD ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRHXVNHUD 3URGXFFLyQ6DODGH([SRVLFLRQHV5HNDOGH %LOEDR ([SRVLFLyQ©7HUULWRULRV,QGH¿QLGRVª 0XVHRGH$UWH&RQWHPSRUiQHRGH(OFKH &RPLVDULDGR,VDEHO7HMHGD(GXDUGR/DVWUHV ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ,QVWLWXWRGH&XOWXUD-XDQ*LO $OEHUW'LSXWDFLyQGH$OLFDQWH (OFKHPDU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©(VWDPRVª 0XVHR1DFLRQDOGHO)HUURFDUULO &RPLVDULDGR0RQWIUDJH)GH]/DYDQGHUD 7H[WRV0RQWIUDJH)GH]/DYDQGHUD 5RVD0DUWtQH]5RVD2OLYDUHV $QD0DUWtQH]&ROODGR ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGHOD0XMHU de la Comunidad de Madrid 0DGULG ([SRVLFLyQ©/¶RUHDO9,,,ª ©$UWV'LDORJXHV(XURSpHQVª 7H[WR0LJXHO)HUQiQGH]&LG ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ&DVDGH9HOi]TXH] 0DLVRQGHV$UWV*HRUJHV3RPSLGRX 0DGULG 0DGULG ([SRVLFLyQ©'LEXMRVª *DOHUtD3HFVL%XGDSHVW 7H[WR©5DM]'UDZLQJª63LQF]HKHO\L 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHUtD3HFVL %XGDSHVW ([SRVLFLyQ©(O3DFWR,QYLVLEOHª *DOHUtD$HOH 7H[WR(%RWHOOD 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHUtD$HOH 0DGULG ([SRVLFLyQ©$UWLVWDV&RQWHPSRUiQHDV HQ(VSDxDª 7H[WR5&KDYDUUL 3URGXFFLyQ(GLFLyQ*DYDU 0DGULG ([SRVLFLyQ©6DOyQGH0RQWURXJHª $UW&RQWHPSRUDLQ &RPLVDULR\WH[WR1LFROH*LQRX[ ([SRVLFLyQ©'HX[LHPH0DQLIHVWDWLRQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDOHGHYLGpRª 0RQWEpOLDUG)UDQFH &RPLVDULR\WH[WR-HDQ3DXO)DUJLHU -HDQ0DULH'XKDUG3LHUUH%RQLJLRYDQQL 3URGXFFLyQ/H0LQLVWHUHGHOD&XOWXUH/H &HQWUHG¶$FWLRQ&XOWXUHGH0RQWEpOLDUG 0RQWEpOLDUGPDU]R ([SRVLFLyQ©+LVWyULHVGHOFRUª &RPLVDULR*ORULD%RVFK 3URGXFFLyQ)XQGDFLy&DL[DGH*LURQD 0XVHRGHDUWHGH*LURQD Documentales TV ([SRVLFLyQ©&DWiORJRª *DOHULD7UD\HFWR &RPLVDULDGR\7H[WR3DFR-XDQ&RVWD ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQRHXVNHUD 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHULD7UD\HFWR 9LWRULD*DVWHL] 7tWXOR©7DOOHUGHORVVHQWLGRVª *XLyQ\GLUHFFLyQ-HV~V9i]TXH] 3URJUDPD©&UHDGRUHVª 'XUDFLyQ¶ ,GLRPDFDVWHOODQRIROOHWRHQLQJOpV 3URGXFFLyQ79( ([SRVLFLyQ©0iVTXHSDODEUDVª &RPLVDULDGR\7H[WR/ROD*DUULGR 3URGXFFLyQ*DOHUtD$OIRQVR$OFROHD %DUFHORQD 7tWXOR©6HUDYiQª 3URJUDPD©0HWUySROLVª 'XUDFLyQ¶ ,GLRPDVFDVWHOODQR 3URGXFFLyQ79( ([SRVLFLyQ©3URFHVRV&XOWXUD \1XHYDV7HFQRORJtDVª 01&$5HLQD6RItD &RPLVDULDGR6XVDQD0DWDL[ 7H[WR©$FHUFDGHOYtGHRª3DORPD1DYDUHV 3URGXFFLyQ01&$5HLQD6RItD 0LQLVWHULRGH&XOWXUD Web www.navares.com &RQWHQLGRGRFXPHQWDFLyQGHOWUDEDMR 3URGXFFLyQ Concha, cuna de mar. &RQFKDPDULQD SDSHOGHFHUDFDOLJUDItD\GLEXMROX][[FP Artículos, entrevistas 5$)$(/&257e6 ©(QODHQFUXFLMDGDª Diario Sur 0iODJD %$5%$5$.g1&+(6 ©ËQWLPR\SHUVRQDOª =(17580)h5.8167 81'0(',(17(&+12/2*,( =.021/,1( .DUOVUXKHHQHUR .DVVHOMXQLR 7$1= ©'DV6SLHOXP/LFKWXQG/LHEHª 0Ò1&+(1.8/785(;75$ 0XQLFKIHEUHURGH $1*(/,.$+(,1,&. .XQVWDOV0DVVDJH )5$1.)857(5$//*(0(,1(=(,781* )UDQIXUWIHEUHUR 3$/20$1$9$5(6 ©%RG\DQG¿JXUHª 6$/=%85*,17(51$7,21$/6800(5 $&$'(0<2)),1($576 6DO]EXUJDJRVWR 3('52/$'2,5( ©3DORPD1DYDUHVLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHV GHORIHPHQLQRGHVGHODWHFQRORJtDª 75,%81$ GHHQHUR6DODPDQFD %$5%$5$:$//< ©3DORPD1DYDUHV0LOOHQLDª 5(6,'(1=*$/(5,( 6DO]EXUJDJRVWR '(563,(*(/ ©9HQXVDXVGHP6XSHUPDUNWª 1DJRVWR $1721,2&$6,//$6 ©$UWLVWDPXOWLPHGLDª /$*$&(7$(6&$3$5$7( GHHQHUR6DODPDQFD JOSÉ A. 0217(52 ©/DDUWLVWD3DORPD1DYDUHVDWHUUL]DHQ $EUDQWHVFRQVXVDUWL¿FLRVGHPXMHUª 6$17,$*22/02 /È3,= Madrid, 2002 52%(57:2/) ©8IHUORVH(QWZLFNOOXQJHQ"ª 69=SiJ 6DO]EXUJR /$*$&(7$ 6DODPDQFDGHHQHUR $/(-$1'5$*8,//e1 ©(QWUHQDWXUDOH]D\DUWL¿FLRª /D2SLQLyQGH0iODJD 0iODJD *$%5,(/(*526&+1(5 ©0LOHQLD+H]UXQG$UWHIDNWª :(/7.8167 6DO]EXUJDJRVWR 3$/20$1$9$5(6 ©6FXOSWXUHª 6$/=%85*,17(51$7,21$/6800(5 $&$'(0<2)),1($576 6DO]EXUJDJRVWR 6$=/%85*(51$&+5,&+7(1 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVLP5HVLGH]JDOHULHª 6$/=%85*(5)(6763,(/(¶ 6DO]EXUJR 5DTXHO%DUULRQXHYR3pUH] ©/X]DOERUGHGHODELVPRª GFHQWR15HYLVWDDVRFLDFLyQEHOODVDUWHV 0XUFLD /285'(6'85$1 ©1DYDUHVHQWUDHQ(VSDFLRV)URQWHUL]RVª Diario de Mallorca 3DOPDGH0DOORUFD &$7+(5,1(+8%(5 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª )ODVKHEGR$UWV3ODVWLTXHV 7RXORXVH È1*(/$02/,1$ ©/DJXLUQDOGDGHODRVFXULGDGª ©7UiQVLWRª (O3DtV%DEHOLD %DUFHORQD 6*5$662 ©$PHVEOHVVpHVHWSRpWLTXHVª /DGpSrFKHGXPLGL 7RXORXVHMXQLR ©7HRGRUR\VXSDQWHUDQHJUDª (;,7Q©9LYLHQGRFRQDQLPDOHVª 0DGULG 0$5,$121$9$552 ©3DORPD1DYDUHV/DHVSXPDGHORVGtDVª (O0XQGR(O&XOWXUDOSiJ 0DGULG 9,&725=$5=$ ©&DQWRVHQHO&DPLQRª $%&&8/785$/ 0DGULG $%&&8/785$/ )RWRJUDItDGHSRUWDGD 0DGULG ,6$%(//+ ©1DYDUHVSRQHYR]«ª 'LDULRGH%XUJRV %XUJRV ',$5,2'(%85*26 ©$UWHGHPXMHUª %XUJRV 0(5&+(0$57Ë1(= ©3DORPD1DYDUHVUHYLVDVXFUHDFLyQDUWtVWLFD \VXVWHPRUHVª (O0XQGR(O&RUUHRGH%XUJRV %XUJRV -,0e1(='Ë$= ©(VSDFLRVIURQWHUL]RVª (O0XQGR(O'tDGH%DOHDUHV &XOWXUDSiJ 3DOPDGH0DOORUFD 3$/20$1$9$5(6 ©6FXOSWXUHª 6$/=%85*,17(51$7,21$/6800(5 $&$'(0<2)),1($576 6DO]EXUJDJRVWR -26(0$18(/$/9$5(=(1-872 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª /È3,= Madrid, 2002 ©$SW0RFNEDª 129$<$&2//(.76,<$*$//(5< 0RVF~ $11$0$5,$.233(1:$//1(5 6DO]EXUJHU6RPPHUSOlQH 3$51$66 9LHQDPD\RDJRVWR 25,2/*h(// ©3DORPD1DYDUHVDUWLVWDDXGLRYLVXDOª (/3$Ë6&,%(53$Ë6 0DGULGDJRVWR 52%(57:2/) ©5HVLGHQ]JDOHULH,QVWDOODWLRQHQ YRQ3DORPD1DYDUHVª 69=6DO]EXUJDJRVWR /<',$/,1'1(5 'HU$QDJUDPPDWLVFKH.|USHU.QVWOHULQGHV 7DJHV =(17580)h5.8167 81'0(',(17(&+12/2*,( =.021/,1( .DUOVUXKH0D\R (5<.$0$<52(5+,1* ©*UHQ]HORVZHLEOLFKª 6,0V$867(//81*(1 6DO]EXUJDJRVWR 200 ',5.8)(50$11(/,6$%(7+:<1+2)) ©hEHU3DORPD1DYDUHVª 75$19,$ 6$%,1(%8&+:$/' ©6FK|QKHLWXQG9HUJlQJOLFKNHLW©$UWLItFLDWHªª 6h''(876&+(=(,781*1USiJ GH$EULO ,5(1(0$57Ë1 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª 75,%81$/DJXtDGH6DODPDQFD 6DODPDQFDGHHQHUR 7,1$&$6$'(0217 ©6¶KDGHVDEHUPLUDUO¶HVSHULWGHODGRQDª (/3817 *LURQDRFWXEUH 3,/$55,%$/ ©6D1RVWUDDFRJHXQDUHWURVSHFWLYDGH3DORPD 1DYDUHVª (O0XQGR%DOHDUHV 3DOPDGH0DOORUFD 3iJV\ $552<20$5Ë$'2/25(6 ©,QVWDODFLRQHVGH3DORPD1DYDUHVª (/38172'(/$6$57(6=DPRUD -XQLR 3,/$5*21=$/2 $57(<3$57( 1SiJ 2FWXEUHQRYLHPEUHGH 0$5Ë$-(6Ò60217(6 ©/DIUDJLOLGDGGHOKRPEUHFUHFHHQ XQMDUGtQDUWL¿FLDOª (/1$&,21$/SULPHUDSiJLQD &DUDFDVMXOLR 526$0$57Ë1(= ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª )/$6+$57 'LFLHPEUH ,6$%(/)8(17(6 ©,PiJHQHVGHOVLOHQFLRª (/1257('(&$67,//$2;,*(12 9DOORGROLGMXOLR 0$57$'$+Ï ©3DORPD1DYDUHVGHOMDUGtQGHODPHPRULDª /$)272*5$)Ë$Q %DUFHORQDDJRVWRVHSWLHPEUH <$60,10216$/9( ©(OFXHUSRFRPRVRSRUWHHVWpWLFRª (/81,9(56$/ &DUDFDVMXOLR )(51$1'2,//$1$ ©9HQXV1LQIDV\2WUDV(YDVª 5(.$57( 1SiJ %LOEDRVHSWLHPEUH ,7=,$558,='((5(1&+81 ©/XFHVGH%RJDQYLOODVª È0%$5 1SiJV 9LWRULD*DVWHL]GLFLHPEUH 0(1(1(*5$6 &DWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQLWLQHUDQWHGHOD &RPXQLGDGGH&DVWLOOD\/HyQ $EULO -26e5$0Ï1'$19,/$ ©+LVWRULD\UHFXHUGR&UtWLFD\HPRFLyQª &$7È/2*203$,$& ©(FRVGHODPDWHULDªSiJVD 526$2/,9$5(6 ©/DLPDJHQIUiJLOª /È3,=QSiJV\ 6$17,$*22/02 &DWiORJRGH©&ROHFFLRQHVLPDJLQDULDVª *$/(5Ë$'96DQ6HEDVWLiQ 6HSWLHPEUH )272*5$)Ë$6 ©2WURVMDUGLQHVRWUDVÀRUHVª 1SiJVD\SRUWDGD 7,1$&$6$'(0217 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVREUHXQDQRYDRULHQWDFLy«ª (/3817 *LURQDRFWXEUH 526$2/,9$5(6 ©/DLPDJHQIUiJLOª /È3,= 1SiJV\ 0$5,$-(6Ò6',(= ©3DORPD1DYDUHV«ª Diario de Mallorca 3DOPDGH0DOORUFD 0(1(1(*5$6 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª $57)2580 SiJHQHUR -26($1721,21$9$55(7( ©(OMDUGtQDUWL¿FLDOGH3DORPD1DYDUHVª (/81,9(56$/ &DUDFDVGHDJRVWRGH 0(1(1(*5$6 ©&RQWUDHOOtPLWHª $7/È17,&$ 1RFWXEUH $/,&,$)(51È1'(= ©3DORPD1DYDUHVGH9HQXV1LQIDV\RWUDVHYDVª 5(9,67$081,&,3$/ 1SiJ %LOEDRRFWXEUH -$9,(58548,-2 ©/DRFXSDFLyQGHODVIRUPDVª 5(9,67$081,&,3$/ª 1SiJ %LOEDRRFWXEUH 0&3e5(= (/&255(2VHF&XOWXUD ©3DORPD1DYDUHV«ª 3iJ %LOEDRGHVHSWLHPEUHGH ,/80,1$'$&$032 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVPXHVWUDHQ%LOEDR VXIHPLQLVPRYLUWXDOª (/081'2&XOWXUD 3iJ%LOEDR 526$0$57Ë1(= ©2MRV5RMRVª &5($&,Ï1 )HEUHUR3iJV %,5*,77$+<%,1(77( ©9DUNHQ$QQDWHOOHU/LNDª 201 267*g7$&255(6321'(17(1 .Q|UUNRSLQJQRYLHPEUH %5,770$5,((1*'$+/ ©2OLNDVSUDN\'LDORJª )RONEODGHWgVWJ|WHQ 3('(5$/721 ©)HPLQLVWLVND«ª '$*(161<+(7(5 $1$(9$-,0e1(= ©$WUDYpVGHORVVLJORV«ª '(,$&8/785$ 3iJ%LOEDR .:2&.6,/9(6$1'5$ ©$UW6WRUPWKH%DVWLOOH« GHVSLWHWKHUHFHVVLRQª $571(:692,&( 'LFLHPEUHHQHUR /2/$*$55,'2 ©&XHVWLRQDPLHQWRV\&RQWUDGLFFLRQHVª 5(9,67$)81'$&,Ï1%$1(672 QSiJ 526$0$57Ë1(= ©(O7HUULWRULRGHO2WURª /È3,=QSiJVD 02*(16'$0*$$5' ©.URSSHQRJ.RQQHWª )<(1667,)767,'(1'( 'LQDPDUFDMXQLR 3(5'$%(/67((1 ©,QWHUQDWLRQDOH$PELWLRQHUª 3ROLWLNHQ 'LQDPDUFDMXQLR 526$0$57Ë1(= ©/D0XMHU'LDORJDFRQHO2WURª :20$1MXQLR 0$5,$11(.52*+-(16(1 ©,.XQVWHQV6N\JJHODQGª .5,7(/,*7'$*%/$' 'LQDPDUFDGHMXQLRGH )/$6+$57Q9HUDQR ©.XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWV.ODHGHIDEULN LQ'LDORJXHZLWKWKH2WKHUª 3$/20$1$9$5(658)2&5,$'2 ©&LHQSRUFLHQDUWHHVSDxROª /È3,= 1~PHURHVSHFLDO3iJV /Ï5È1'+(*<, 3DORPD1DYDUHV &$7È/2*2'(/$&2/(&&,Ï1 '(/086(2'($57(02'(512'(9,(1$ 0$5*$5,7$9$/,(17( 3DORPD1DYDUHV (/3(5,Ï',&2 =DUDJR]DGHHQHUR 9,&(17(9,//$552&+$ ©8QDLPDJHQFRQP~OWLSOHVIDFHWDVª (/38172'(/2&,2 =DUDJR]DGHHQHUR +(5$/'2'($5$*Ï1 ©6SHFWUXP3DORPD1DYDUHVª =DUDJR]DGHHQHUR $/(;67((1 ©.YLQGH'LDORJª 9,1'8(7 'LQDPDUFDSiJMXQLR $/(-$1'52-5$7,$ ©/RHOHJtDFRHQ3DORPD1DYDUHVª ',$5,2 3iJ0DGULGGHHQHUR 526$0$57Ë1(= /$9$1*8$5',$ GHMXQLR $1'(56752(/6(1 ©$OWGHW$QGHWL.ODHGHIDEULNNHQª ,1)250$7,21 'LQDPDUFDMXQLR -26e5$0Ï1'$19,/$ Arco (/081'2 0DGULGIHEUHURGH -26e5$0Ï1'$19,/$ ©(VSOHQGRUGHGLiORJRVHLQVWDODFLRQHVª (/38172'(/$6$57(6 GHMXQLRSiJ $11(5,1*3(7(56(1 0LGWLHQ2SEUXGVWLG .8/7850$*$6,1(7'LQDPDUFD MXOLR 0$5,$12*$5&Ë$ ©)RWRJUDItD,QVWDODFLRQHVª +(5$/'2'($5$*Ï1 3iJ=DUDJR]DGHHQHUR %85.$5'/(1( ©'LDORJXHZLWKWKH2WKHUª 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHO352*5$0$'(GHOD .XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWV.ODHGHIDEULN 2GHQVH'LQDPDUFD 328/(5,.72(-1(5 $7/$6 :HHNHQGDYLVHQ'LQDPDUFD GHMXOLR 86È10$5Ë$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª ',$5,2 3iJ=DUDJR]DGHHQHUR *81,//$*5$+1+,11)256 ©1lUGHDQGUDEOLUGHI|UVWDª *g7(%25*3267(1 *|WHERUJGHMXOLR 3$5('(6720È6 ©3DORPD1DYDUHV(VFXOWXUDV\(QVDPEODMHVª (/38172 3iJ0DGULGGHGLFLHPEUH /,6(/277(%/20 ©'LDORJXHPHGGHW$QGHWL2GHQVHª .XQVWDYLVHQ'LQDPDUFDDJRVWR )(51È1'(=&,'0 ©'LVWDQFLD\6HGXFFLyQª &DWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQ&DMD%XUJRV %XUJRVDEULO %,5*,77$)/(16%85* ©+|VWHQª 1RUUN|SLQJV.RQVWPXVHXP 1|UUN|SLQJV %85.$5'/(1( ©&XHVWLRQDPLHQWRV\FRQWUDGLFFLRQHVª &8/785$/%$1(672RWRxRQ 0DGULGRFWXEUH 2+57.$567(1 ©'LDORJXHZLWKWKH2WKHUª )ROOHWRGHODH[SRVLFLyQ .XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWVNODHGHIDEULN 2GHQVH'LQDPDUFDGHMXQLRDO GHVHSWLHPEUHGH *21=$/2=$1=$ 7DUD]RQD)RWR¶ $%& 0DGULGGHDJRVWRSiJ 202 *,521e6-(6Ò6 5HYLVWD©/$$7$/$<$ª ©(OMXHJRGHOVLPXODFURª 1SiJV (QHUR)HEUHUR )(51È1'(=$/,&,$ ©(/&255(2ªVHF$UWHV3OiVWLFDV ©0LUDGDUHÀH[LYDª 3iJ%LOEDRGH2FWXEUHGH 02/,1$0$5t$$1*(/$ ©$%&ª&DWDOXxD ©3DORPD1DYDUHVUHYLVDHOSDSHOGHODPXMHU HQOD+LVWRULDGHODUWHª %DUFHORQDGHMXQLRGH *$//$5'2%26&2 ©(ODUWHFRPRODVHVWUHOODVª /È3,=Q &58='811(.,/,$1 ©/RZ7HFK$UWª $/(57$ 6DQWDQGHUGHDJRVWRGH %$/%21$*8,//(502 ©7UHVDUWLVWDVGHODOX]ªª ',$5,20217$fe6 SiJ 6DQWDQGHUGHMXOLRGH ,6+,.$:$/ 7UtSWLFRGHOD([SRVLFLyQ ©/RZ7HFK$UWª )XQGDFLyQ$UWH\7HFQRORJtD7HOHIyQLFD 6DQWDQGHUMXOLR ',$5,20217$f(6 ©$UWLVWDVGHODOX]«ª SiJ 6DQWDQGHUGHMXOLRGH %$'Ë$02176(ª© ©3DORPD1DYDUHVGHVGHOMDUGt GHODPHPzULD«ª 5(*,Ï«LGHHVSiJV\ %DUFHORQDMXQLR */Ñ5,$%26&+ ©'HOMDUGtQGHODPHPRULDª ©*8Ë$'(/2&,2ªVHF$UWH©/RIUiJLOGHOD PLUDGDª 1SiJ %DUFHORQDDOGHMXQLRGH 0855Ë$$/,&,$ ©(QWUHYLVWDFRQ3DORPD1DYDUHVª /È3,=Q '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©/EHFN$OHPDQLD3DORPD1DYDUHV2WUD PLUDGDDODKLVWRULDª ©(/38172'(/$6$57(6ª 1GHPDU]R 6/$:6.,'$*0$5 ©.8/785ª ©(U|IIQXQJGHU$XVVUHOOXQJ YRQ3DORPD1DYDUHVª ©9HQXVLPQHXHQ/LJKWª /EHFNGHDEULOGH '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©/DPXMHUUHDOLGDG\PHPRULDª *8$'$/,0$5Q 0$5Ë10(',1$-26e ©3DORPD1DYDUHV\HO$XUDSHUGLGDª ©$%&ª&XOWXUDO QGHHQHURGH $57(20(*$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª )HEUHURPDU]R 0$/$*Ï1-8$1&$5/26 ©*8Ë$'(/2&,2ª ©,QVWDODFLRQHVGH3DORPD1DYDUHVª 0DGLUGGHIHEUHURGHPDU]R %$'Ë$02176( $98, ©/DPHPRULDIUDJPHQWDGDª %DUFHORQDGHMXQLRGH 79 3URJUDPD$9(1785$'(/6$%(5 ([SRVLFLyQ$/0$&e1'(6,/(1&,26 )XQGDFLyQ$UWH\7HFQRORJtD7HOHIyQLFD $XGLR\9tGHR¶¶¶ 0DGLUGGHIHEUHURGH 38$ ©3RHPD)UDFFLRQDWª 5HYLVWD©&Ð&/($ª1 %DUFHORQD0D\R 6$0$1,(*2)(51$1'2 ©0DGULGHVFDSDUDWHGHODUWHFRQWHPSRUiQHRª ©(/3$,6ª 0DGULGGHIHEUHURGH 8%(548,2,0$5,(&/$,5( ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª (/081'2SiJ %DUFHORQDGHMXQLRGH *$/(5Ë$$17,49$5,$Q ©3DORPD1DYDUHV5HSURGXFFLyQGHVPLWL¿FDGDª 2/6(16$5$0 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª)81'$&,Ï1 $57(<3$57($57(<7(&12/2*Ë$ 0DGULGIHEUHUR0DU]R '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©8OWLPRVWUDEDMRVGH3DORPD1DYDUHVª (/081'2 0DGULGGHHQHURGH 6$0$1,(*2)(51$1'2 ©8QDLQVWDODFLyQGH3DORPD1DYDUHV«ª (O3DtVSiJGHHQHURGH '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©3DORPD1DYDUHV$OPDGHPXMHUª (/38172'(/$6$57(6 1HQHURGH 0855Ë$$/,&,$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª /È3,= 0DGULGQ '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª $5&2127,&,$6SiJ 0DGULGQRYLHPEUHGH *5$60(1(1( ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª $57)2580SiJ (QHURGH '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©5HWUDWRVGHLQWHULRUSDLVDMHS~EOLFRª 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHOFDWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQ ©(OGHVSHUWDUGHODOXQDª 6DOyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH)RWRJUDItD 3DODFLR5HYLOODJLJHGR*LMyQ 0$57Ë1(=526$ ©(QHOMDUGtQGHODPHPRULDª &$7È/2*20(75Ï120 )XQGDFLy5DIDHO7RXV'¶DUW&RQWHPSRUDQL %DUFHORQD 0(1(1(*5$6 ©'HVGHDTXt\DSURSyVLWRGHODWLQRDPpULFDª &DWiORJR*DOHUtD%HULQL 'LFLHPEUHIHEUHUR%DUFHORQD 2/,9$5(6526$ ©(ORJLRDOD/X]ª &$7È/2*26$/$$0È5,&$ 9LWRULD*DVWHL] 6HSWLHPEUH *$55,'2/2/$ ©(OFXHUSRIUDJPHQWDGRª )RWRELHQDOGH9LJR &DWiORJR 6,(:(57526:,7+$ ©$YDQWJDUGHXQG7UDGLWLRQª -$+5(*('2.5HSXEOLNGHU.~QVWH /EHFN *,/&5,67,1$ ©¢(OHWHUQRIHPHQLQR"ª &DWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQHQHO0XVHR3DEOR *DUJDOORDEULO=DUDJR]D 0$57Ë1(=526$ ©3RHVtD\GHFRQVWUXFFLyQª &DWiORJR0XVHR3DEOR*DUJDOOR $EULO=DUDJR]D 0$57Ë1(=&2//$'2$1$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHV&XHUSRVGH9HQXV FXHUSRVGHHVFULWXUDª &DWiORJR0XVHR3DEOR*DUJDOOR $EULO 6,(:(57526:,7+$ ©1\PSKHQ9HQXV(YDVXQGDQGHUH0XVHQª 2YHUEHFN*HVHOOVJKDIW/EHFN ([SRVLFLyQLQGLYLGXDO 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHOFDWiORJR)HEUHUR '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©/DPXMHUUHDOLGDG\PHPRULDª *8$'$/,0$5Q ,6+,.$:$/ ©/DLQWHQVLGDGGHOOLPERª &DWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQHQOD)XQGDFLyQ $UWH\7HFQRORJtD7HOpIRQLFD 0DGULGHQHURGH &$6752)/Ï5(=)(51$1'2 ©$UWL¿FLRV8QDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQQHR EDUURFDGHODHVWpWLFDGH3DORPD1DYDUHVª &DWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQHQOD)XQGDFLyQ $UWH\7HFQRORJtD7HOHIyQLFD (QHURGH 6$0$1,(*2)(51$1'2 ©0DGULGHVFDSDUDWHGHODUWHFRQWHPSRUiQHRª (/3$Ë6 0DGULGGHIHEUHUR $/,&,$)(51È1'(= ©3DORPD1DYDUHVGH9HQXV1LQIDV\RWUDV(YDVª 5(9,67$081,&,3$/%,/%$2Q 2FWXEUHGHSiJ $1$(9$-,0e1(= ©$WUDYpVGHORVVLJORV«ª '(,$%LOEDR 3iJ&8/785$ '$0*$$5'02*(16 .URSSHQRJ.RQQHW )\HQV6WLIWVWLGHQGH 'LQDPDUFDMXQLR *$/(5Ë$$17,49$5,$Q ©3DORPD1DYDUHV5HSURGXFFLyQGHVPLWL¿FDGDª 8548,-2-DYLHU ©/DRFXSDFLyQGHODVIRUPDVª 5(9,67$081,&,3$/%,/%$2Q 2FWXEUHGHSiJ .:2&.6,/9(6$1'5$ $UW1HZV©$UW6WRUPWKH%DVWLOOH« GHVSLWHWKHUHFHVVLRQª 92,&( 'LFLHPEUHHQHUR '$%(/67((13(5 ,QWHUQDWLRQDOH$PELWLRQHU3ROLWLNHQ 'LQDPDUFDMXQLR 2/6(16$5$0 ©3DORPD1DYDUHV)81'$&,Ï1 $57(<7(&12/2*Ë$ª $57(<3$57( 0DGULGIHEUHURPDU]R '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©ÒOWLPRVWUDEDMRVGH3DORPD1DYDUHV«ª (/081'2 0DGULGGHHQHURGH 6$0$1,(*2)(51$1'2 ©8QDLQVWDODFLyQGH3DORPD1DYDUHV«ª (/3$Ë6SDJ 0DGULGGHHQHURGH 0$57Ë1(=526$ &$7È/2*2'(/$(;326,&,Ï1 ©7+,1.,1*2)<28ª .RQVKDOOHQ*|WHERUJV.RQVWPXVHXP *|WHERUJHQHURGH 675$12&$50(/2 &$7È/2*2'(/$(;326,&,Ï1©/$1829$ (8523$ª3iJV =LWHOOH9HQH]LD GHMXQLRDOGHVHSWLHPEUHGH '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©3DORPD1DYDUHV$OPDGHPXMHUª (/38172QHQHURGH 0$57,1(=526$ 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHOFDWiORJR GHODH[SRVLFLyQ©6WHUHR7LSª 0HVWQDJDOHULMD/MXEOMDQD(VORYHQLD 'HODOGHRFWXEUHGH 3iJV ,/80,1$'$&$032 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVPXHVWUDHQ%LOEDR VXIHPLQLVPRYLUWXDOª (/081'2%,/%$2 3iJ&XOWXUD 6$17260$18(/ ,QWURGXFFLyQDO&DWiORJR GHO,QVWLWXWR&HUYDQWHV©3DVHRSRUORVª 0$57Ë1(=526$ ©2MRV5RMRVª &5($&,Ï1IHEUHUR 3iJV 0$57Ë1(=526$ 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHOFDWiORJR GHODH[SRVLFLyQ©GHVULYHVGHO¶DUWª &KkWHDXGHOD1DSRXOH Mandelieu, Francia GHDJRVWRDOGHVHSWLHPEUHGH 0855Ë$$/,&,$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª /È3,= 10DGULG 0$5Ë10(',1$-26e ©3DORPD1DYDUHV\HO$XUDSHUGLGDª $%&&XOWXUDOQGHHQHURGH '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª$UFR1RWLFLDVSiJ 0DGULGQRYLHPEUHGH $57(20(*$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª )HEUHUR0DU]R ,//$1$)(51$1'2 ©9HQXV1LQIDV\2WUDV(YDVª 5(.$57(QSiJ %LOEDRVHSWLHPEUH 0$/$*Ï1-8$1&$5/26 ©,QVWDODFLRQHVGH3DORPD1DYDUHVª *8Ë$'(/2&,2 GHIHEUHURGHPDU]R Madrid 0&3e5(= ©3DORPD1DYDUHVSUHVHQWDHQ5HNDOGHÈUHD VXYLVLyQYDQJXDUGLVWDGHOPXQGRIHPHQLQRª (/&255(2 3iJ&8/785$ 58,='((5(1=+21,7=,$5 ©/XFHVGH%RJDQYLOODVª $PLJRVGHO0XVHRGHÈODYD 9LWRULD*DVWHL]GLFLHPEUH +<%,1(77(%,5*,77$ ©9DUNHQ$QQDWHOOHU/LNDª 2VWJ|WDFRUUHVSRQGHQWHQ .Q|UUNRSLQJQRYLHPEUH *$55,'2/2/$ ©&XHVWLRQDPLHQWRV\&RQWUDGLFFLRQHVª 5HYLVWD)XQGDFLyQ%DQHVWR QSiJ )/(16%85*%,5*,77$ ©+|VWHQª 1RUUN|SLQJV.RQVWPXVHXP 1RUUN|SLQJV 0$57Ë1(=526$ /$9$1*8$5',$ GHMXQLR '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 ©(VSOHQGRUGHGLiORJRVHLQVWDODFLRQHVª (/38172'(/$6$57(6 0DGULGGHMXQLRSiJ +251<+(15,(77( ©'HVYLDWLRQDQG(VFHSWLFLVP7KH5ROH RI$GRUQPHQWLQWKH$UWRI3DORPD1DYDUHVª ([KLELWLRQ©'LDORJXHZLWKWKH2WKHUª &DWDORJXH .XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGVW.ODHGHIDEULN 2GHQVH'LQDPDUFD %85.$5'/(1( ©'LDORJXHZLWKWKH2WKHUª 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHOSURJUDPDGHGHOD .XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWV.ODHGHIDEULN 2GHQVH'LQDPDUFD %85.$5'/(1( ©&XHVWLRQDPLHQWRV\FRQWUDGLFFLRQHVª &XOWXUDO%DQHVWRRWRxRQ %5,770$5,((1*'$+/ ©2OLNDVSUDN\'LDORJª )RONEODGHWgVWJ|WHQ 2+57.$567(1 ©'LDORJXHZLWKWKH2WKHUª )ROOHWRGHODH[SRVLFLyQ .XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWVNODHGHIDEULN 2GHQVH'LQDPDUFD GHMXQLRGHVHSWLHPEUHGH $/7213('(5 ©)HPLQLVWLVND«ª 'DJHQV1\KHWHU 0$57Ë1(=526$ ©(O7HUULWRULRGHO2WURª /È3,= QSiJVD 0$57Ë1(=526$ ©/D0XMHU'LDORJDFRQHO2WURª :RPDQMXQLR 0$57Ë1(=526$ ,QWURGXFFLyQ©(QHOXPEUDOGHORVVXHxRVª &DWiORJR7DUD]RQD)RWR3iJVD 9$/,(17(0$5*$5,7$ 3DORPD1DYDUHV (/3(5,Ï',&2 =DUDJR]DGHHQHUR 9,//$552&+$9,&(17( ©8QDLPDJHQFRQP~OWLSOHVIDFHWDVª (/38172'(/2&,2 =DUDJR]DGHHQHUR+, -(16(10$5,$11(.52*+ ,.XQVWHQV6N\JJHODQG .ULWHOLJW'DJEODG 'LQDPDUFDGHMXQLRGH +(5$/'2'($5$*Ï1 ©6SHFWUXP3DORPD1DYDUHVª =DUDJR]DGHHQHUR )/$6+$57 9HUDQR .XQVWKDOOHQ%UDQGWV.ODHGHIDEULN LQ'LDORJXHZLWKWKH2WKHU 5$7,$$/(-$1'52- ©/RHOHJtDFRHQ3DORPD1DYDUHVª ',$5,2SiJ 0DGULGGHHQHUR 67((1$/(; .YLQGH'LDORJ 9LQGXHW'LQDPDUFD3iJMXQLR '$19,/$-26e5$0Ï1 Arco (/081'2 0DGULGIHEUHURGH 752(/6(1$1'(56 $OWGHW$QGHWL.ODHGHIDEULNNHQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ'LQDPDUFDMXQLR 3(7(56(1$11(5,1* 0LGWLHQ2SEUXGVWLG .XOWXU0DJDVLQHW'LQDPDUFDMXOLR 328/(5,.72(-1(5 $WODV:HHNHQGDYLVHQ'LQDPDUFD GHMXOLR *5$+1+,11)256*81,//$ 1lUGHDQGUDEOLUGHI|UVWD *|WHERUJ3RVWHQ6XHFLDGHMXOLR /,6(/277(%/20 'LDORJXHPHGGHW$QGHWL2GHQVH .XQVWDYLVHQ'LQDPDUFDDJRVWR =$1=$*21=$/2 7DUD]RQD)RWR¶ $%&GHDJRVWR3iJ 086(2'(%(//$6$57(6'(È/$9$ &ROHFFLyQ3~EOLFD,,&DWiORJR $ODYD *$5&Ë$0$5,$12 ©)RWRJUDItD,QVWDODFLRQHVª +(5$/'2'($5$*Ï1 =DUDJR]DGHHQHUR3iJ 86È10$5Ë$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª ',$5,2 =DUDJR]DGHHQHURSiJ 3$5('(6720È6 3DORPD1DYDUHV©(VFXOWXUDV\(QVDPEODMHVª (/38172GHGLFLHPEUH3iJ /¶25e$/9,,,(',&,Ï1 $UWV'LDORJXHV(XURSpHQV &DWiORJR 3$/20$1$9$5(658)2&5,$'2 &LHQSRUFLHQDUWHHVSDxRO /È3,=1~PHURHVSHFLDO3iJV )(51È1'(=&,'0 ©'LVWDQFLD\6HGXFFLyQª &DWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQ&DMD%XUJRV $EULO +(*<,/25$1 3DORPD1DYDUHV &DWiORJRGHOD&ROHFFLyQGHO0XVHRGH$UWH 0RGHUQRGH9LHQD 5(,*+/(<.857% &URVVLQJ7LPH3DORPD1DYDUHV 0DJD]LQH7XUEXOHQFH $EULO1HZ<RUN 205 2//,(5&+5,67,1( 3UHYLHZ0DJD]LQH7XUEXOHQFH $FURVV0HGLD$FURVV&XOWXUH$FURVV7LPH 9ROXPH,,PDU]R1HZ<RUN .581725$'3$8/ $QGlFKWLJH=XVDPPHQKlQJH '(567$1'$5' 9LHQDGHMXQLR 2//,(5&+5,67,1( 3UHYLHZ0DJD]LQH7XUEXOHQFH $UWDQG$SSOLFDWLRQ 9ROXPH,,IHEUHUR1HZ<RUN +251<+ ©$XVVFKZHLIXQJXQG$VNHVH=XU5ROOHGHV2UQD PHQWVLQGHQ2EMHNWHQYRQ3DORPD1DYDUHVª &DWiORJRGHOD([SRVLFLyQ0XVHXP0RGHUQHU .XQVW6WLIXQJ/XGZLJ9LHQD 3$5('(6720$6 ©,PiJHQHVFOiVLFDV~OWLPDVWHFQRORJtDVª (/38172MXQLR 3$/,;<921$025 ©$UFR¶0DGULGª 0DJD]LQH3DUtV0H[LFR 13iJ$EULO CASTRO, M.A. $UWHV3DORPD1DYDUHV (/3$Ë6GHDEULO 3$5('(6720È6 ©(QVDPEODMHV\SHUFHSFLRQHVGH3DORPD 1DYDUHVª (/381721DFLRQDO 0DGULGDEULO 79 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª ',$5,2'(%85*26 GHDEULO %$%(/,$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª (/3$Ë6 0DGULGGHDEULO 6$,=- ©3DORPD1DYDUHV HVSHFXODFLRQHVHQWRUQRDODUWHª ',$5,2'(%85*26 %XUJRVGHDEULO 3$5('(6720$6 ©&RPSOHMRVDSURSLDFLRQHV\XQDYLVRª (/38172'(/$6$57(6DEULO SERRA, C. ©'HVQXGRVª (/3$Ë6%DEHOLD 0DGULGGHIHEUHUR3iJ &267$3- &DWiORJR&ROHFWLYR©&DWiORJRª 9LWRULD*DVWHL]*DOHUtD7UD\HFWR 2/,9$5(65 &DWiORJR©2WURV3DUDtVRVª *DOHUtD7UD\HFWRQRYLHPEUH CASTRO, M. A. ©6XJHUHQFLDVª (/3$Ë6 0DGULGGHGLFLHPEUH (/*8($% ©3DORPD1DYDUHV2WURV3DUDtVRVª DEIA %LOEDRQRYLHPEUH3iJ 3$5('(67 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVGHVGHVXV2WURV3DUDtVRVª (/38172HQHUR 2/,9$5(6526$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª /È3,=RFWXEUHSiJ +8,&,) ©(QFUXFLMDGDGH6LPXODFURVª &DWiORJR*DOHUtD$HOH 0DGULG HERMIDA, M. ©(O9tGHRHVHOPHQVDMHª (//(DEULO 1$9$5(63 ©$FHUFDGHO9tGHRª ([SRVLFLyQ©3URFHVRV&XOWXUD \1XHYDV7HFQRORJtDVª &HQWURGH$UWH5HLQD6RItD0DGULG &DWiORJR 3e5(=251,$-5 ©,QVWDODFLRQHV9LGHRJUi¿FDVHQHO6DOyQGH %DLOHGHO&tUFXORGH%HOODV$UWHVª (O3DtVGHIHEUHUR 3,1&=(+(/<,6 ©5$-='5$:,1*¶ª 3pFVL*DOpULD&DWiORJR %XGDSHVW %27(//$( ([SRVLFLyQ©(O3DFWR,QYLVLEOHª *DOHUtD$HOH&DWiORJR3iJV 0DGULG 3,1('$9 ©(QEXVFDGHXQHVSDFLRSDUDHOYtGHRHQWUH ODLQVSLUDFLyQ\ODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQª $%& 0DGULGGHHQHUR 3$5('(67 ©/D3DVLyQGHO(QVDPEODMHª (/38172PDU]RSiJ 0$5,(&/$,5( ©3DORPD1DYDUHVHVFHQRJUDItDGDQ]DSLQWXUDª -DSyQMXOLRQSiJV &5,$'258)2 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVH[SRQHHQ(VSDFLR&DMDEXUJRVª ',$5,2'(%85*26 %XUJRVGHDEULO 3$5('(67 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVODSDVLyQGHOHQVDPEODMHª (/38172VHSWLHPEUH /2*52f20 ©3$/20$1$9$5(625,*(1ª ',$5,20DGULG %25&++$5'7%,5%$80(5%5,*,77(921 :,(1(5=(,781*.8/785 9LHQDGHMXQLR *5$&,$2681$& ©(OHTXLOLEULRGHORVVXHxRVª (/,1'(3(1',(17( 2¶.272 ©6HUDYiQª *5$7,; 0DGULGGHDEULO &$/926(55$//(5) ©/X]GHOD0HPRULDª &DWiORJRGHODH[SRVLFLyQ 0XVHXP0RGHUQHU.XQVW6WLIXQJ/XGZLJ 9LHQD *$55,'2/2/$ ©0iVTXHSDODEUDVª &DWiORJR&ROHFWLYR *DOHUtD$OIRQVR$OFROHD %DUFHORQDSiJV 3/$=$-0 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVGHODSLQWXUDDOYtGHRª ',$5,2 0DGULGGHIHEUHUR E.D. ©(/0($&(VFHQDULRGH$UWHª (/3$Ë6 0DGULGGHMXOLR3iJ &$6$1(//(607 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª +2-$'(//81(6'(0$'5,' GHRFWXEUH /$=20 ©3DORPD&UX]1DYDUHVXQDUXSWXUDª %$7,. 0DGULGQRYLHPEUHGLFLHPEUHQ =$%$/$* ©3DORPD1DYDUHVHQFXHQWURª ',$5,2 0DGULGGHMXOLR ,*/(6,$6-0 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª *8$'$/,0$5 0DULGRFWXEUH %$//(67(5-0 ©3DORPD&UX]1DYDUHVª *8$',$1$ 0DGULGGHMXQLRQ E.D. ©3LQWXUDP~VLFD\GDQ]DHQXQSHUIRUPDQFH GH3DORPD1DYDUHVª (/3$Ë6GHMXOLR &$/926(55$//(5) ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª (/3$Ë6 0DGULGGHRFWXEUH 025(12*$/9$1-0 ©3DORPD&UX]1DYDUHVª 75,81)2 0DGULGMXQLRQ *$9,1$ ©3HUIRUPDQFH0($&ª $%& 0DGULGGHMXQLR /$=20 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª &8$'(5126'($57( 0iODJDPDU]RSiJV &$032<$0 ©1DYDUHVHVFXOWXUDVª $%& 0DGULGMXQLR *$51(5,$- ©0DWHULDHVSDFLR\YROXPHQ VRSRUWHSDUDORLQIRUPDOª ',$5,2'(9$/(1&,$ GHIHEUHUR )(51È1'(=7 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª /81(6(&21Ï0,&2 0DGULGGHQRYLHPEUH E.A. ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª '(=,1( MXQLRQ /$=20 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVHQOD*DOHUtD$HOHª &$0%,2 0DGULGGHHQHUR 6+((5,1- ©&XEHVWR:DWHUIDOOVª *8,'(3267 GHMXQLR %$//(67(5-0 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª $57(*8Ë$ 0DGULGQRYLHPEUHGLFLHPEUH &$6752$5,1(6- ©&UX]1DYDUHVª ,1)250$&,21(66(0$1$/'(/$6$57(6 0DGULG *8$6+$0 ©/DHVHQFLDOLGDGSOiVWLFDGH1DYDUHVª (*,1 6DQ6HEDVWLiQGHMXQLR /2*52f20 ©1DYDUHVª ',$5,2 GHMXQLR +$5021'/ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª *8,'(3267 GHQRYLHPEUH &+$9$55,5 ©$UWLVWDV&RQWHPSRUiQHDVHQ(VSDxDª (',&,Ï1*$9$5 0DGULG (/$'(/$17$'2'(6(*29,$ ©3DORPD1DYDUHVDUFLOOD\URFDª 6HJRYLDGHQRYLHPEUHSiJ 5,9(//(635$765 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVHQ/XFDVª ',$5,2'(9$/(1&,$GHHQHUR 1$9$5(63 ©$UTXHRORJtDGHO&RORUª 0XVHR0XQLFLSDOGH%HOODV$UWHVGH &DWiORJR6DQWDQGHUGLFLHPEUH %25-$( ©7LSRORJtDSULPRUGLDOª 9DOHQFLD*DOHUtD/XFDV &DWiORJR 8548,-2- ©3DORPD1DYDUHVHQOD*DOHUtD$ULW]Dª DIARIO HIERRO %LOEDRGHPD\R /$=20 ©3DORPD1DYDUHVHQ*DOHUtD,,ª &$0%,2Q 0DGULGGHPDU]R 8548,-2- ©3DORPD1DYDUHVª %$7,. 0DGULGMXQLRMXOLR $0216 ©1DYDUHVª &8$'(51263$5$(/',È/2*2 0DGULGGHMXQLR /$=20 ©6RUSUHQGHQWH1DYDUHVª &$0%,2 0DGULGGHMXQLRQ 75$3,(//2 ©1DYDUHVª *8$'$/,0$5 0DGULGMXQLRQ $IXHUDKD\VRO 1RHVPDVTXHXQVRO 3HURORVKRPEUHVORPLUDQ \GHVSXpVFDQWDQ )UDJPHQWRGHOSRHPD La Jaula GH$OHMDQGUD3L]DUQLN 14 de agosto de 2003. )RWRJUDItD[FP 211