Tortugas terrestres y de agua dulce de Colombia y manejo de los decomisos Septiembre 2012 1 2 MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE Presidente de la República de Colombia Juan Manuel Santos Calderón UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA Rector Ignacio Mantilla Prada Vicerrector de Investigación Alexander Gómez Mejía Ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Frank Pearl Decano (E) Facultad de Ciencias John Charles Donato Rondón Viceministra de Ambiente Adriana Soto Vicedecano de Investigación Luis Fernando Ospina Directora de Bosques, Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos Xiomara Sanclemente Grupo de Gestión en Biodiversidad Claudia Luz Rodríguez Director Departamento de Biología Hernando Alfonso Valencia Zapata Grupo de investigación Biología de Organismos Tropicales (Biotun) María Argenis Bonilla Gómez, Directora Autores María Argenis Bonilla Gómez, Ph. D. –Directora de Proyecto– Natalia Luque Sánchez, Bióloga - Coordinadora Mónica Adriana Cuervo Martínez, Bióloga - Coordinadora Laura Camila Barreto Calderón, Bióloga Catalina Zuluaga Rodríguez, Bióloga Edgar Adrián Vásquez Ávila, Biólogo Marjorie Pinzón Arias, Bióloga Oscar Yandy Romero Goyeneche, Biólogo Felber Jair Arroyave Bermúdez, Biólogo María Carolina Becerra Riveros, Bióloga Cindy Cristina Leguízamo Pardo, Bióloga Joven Investigadora Colciencias - estudiante de posgrado Ilustraciones interiores y contracarátula Edgar Adrián Vásquez Ávila, Biólogo Fotografía portada Cindy Leguízamo Fotografías interiores Natalia Luque, Bióloga Cindy Leguízamo, Bióloga Mónica Cuervo, Bióloga Priscila Saab Vélez, Bióloga Diseño y diagramación Zulima Pulido Pardo Impresión Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia Cítese como: Colombia. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Tortugas terrestres y de agua dulce de Colombia y manejo de los decomisos/; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bonilla M. A., Luque N., Cuervo M. A., Pinzón M. y Vásquez E. A.; Bogotá, D.C.: Colombia. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, 2012. 100 p. 1. Tortugas terrestres y de agua dulce de Colombia 2. Manejo de los decomisos <ZnÅKWLMNI]VI[QT^M[\ZM 4. Amenazas a la biodiversidad 5. Ciclo de vida tortugas I. Tit. II. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible III.Universidad Nacional de Colombia CDD: 591.7 ISBN: 978-958-761-234-9 Esta publicación se produjo en el marco del Convenio 179 de 2011 suscrito entre el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible y la Universidad Nacional de Colombia © Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia. © Universidad Nacional de Colombia Todos los derechos reservados. 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Doblan la cabeza dentro del caparazón Pleurodiras Están presentes únicamente en el hemisferio sur La mayoría son semi-acuáticas Tortugas (Orden Testudinata) Rhinemys rufipes Rhinoclemmys annulata Rhinoclemmys nasuta Trachemys callirostris Trachemys venusta Retraen la cabeza dentro del caparazón Criptodiras 12 Datos Deficientes (DD) Son las únicas tortugas presentes en el hemisferio norte Son la mayoría de tortugas existentes, tanto terrestres como acuáticas y todas las marinas. 0&1/)+23342&DWHJRUtDVQDFLRQDOHVHQOD/LVWD5RMDGHOD8,&1GHODV HVSHFLHVGHWRUWXJDVWHUUHVWUHV\GXOFHDFXtFRODVGH&RORPELD !0&1/)+23<4&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVSULQFLSDOHVGHORVVXEyUGHQHVGHWRUWXJDV 24 /DVHVSHFLHVGHWRUWXJDVWHUUHVWUHV\GHDJXDGXOFHGH&RORPELDSHUWHQHFHQDVLHWHIDPLOLDV&KHOLGDH&KHO\GULGDH(P\GLGDH*HRHP\GLGDH .LQRVWHUQLGDH3RGRFQHPLGLGDH7HVWXGLQLGDH\JpQHURVWDEOD >+?@+2Q4)DPLOLDVJpQHURVHVSHFLHVUHJLyQJHRJUiÀFD\FDWHJRUtDVHQOD/LVWD5RMDGHODVWRUWXJDVWHUUHVWUHV\GHDJXDGXOFHSUHVHQWHVHQ&RORPELD ! 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P#*&-H/*( 3DFtÀFR&DULEH 3DFtÀFR $PSOLDGLVWULEXFLyQ $PSOLDGLVWULEXFLyQ &DULEH ,&'#-./)*.( 3DFtÀFD &DULEH3DFtÀFD =&.*&( &DULEH3DFtÀFD 3DFtÀFD $PSOLDGLVWULEXFLyQ M-##-)-6- =9(>-&*(EP#*&-H/*( 1RHVWiHQQLQJXQDFDWHJRUtDGHOD/LVWD5RMDGHOD,8&1 26 !+$%1")A+2 8&*$+29":+^ 9XOQHUDEOH98 3HOLJUR&UtWLFR&5 (Q3HOLJUR(1 9XOQHUDEOH98 &DVL$PHQD]DGD17 QQ 9XOQHUDEOH98 QQ QQ QQ QQ QQ &DVL$PHQD]DGD17 &DVL$PHQD]DGD17 QQ &DVL$PHQD]DGD17 (Q3HOLJUR&UtWLFR&5 (Q3HOLJUR(1HQOD 2ULQRTXLD\9XOQHUDEOH 98HQOD$PD]RQLD &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODVÀFKDVGHODVHVSHFLHVGHWRUWXJDV $%))%*$)%*2;2'%2+1/+2'/@,%2%#,"#$)+'+*2%#2!"@"L?&+ /DVHVSHFLHVVHSUHVHQWDQGHDFXHUGRFRQVXGLVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiÀFDHQ ODUHJLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGH&RORPELD/DVUHJLRQHVVHSUHVHQWDQGHOQRUWH DOVXUGHOSDtVLQLFLDQGRHQODUHJLyQ&DULEHKDVWDOOHJDUDOD$PD]RQLD Nombre común Carranchina, cabeza al lado, cabeza volteada, Dahl´s toad-headed turtle Características morfológicas y ecológicas utilizadas para diferenciar la especie de tortuga Distribución geográfica de la especie, tanto general como en Colombia Hábitat donde generalmente se encuentra la especie $OÀQDOVHSUHVHQWDQODVHVSHFLHVFRQGLVWULEXFLyQSUREDEOHHQ&RORPELD :&)2$/&''()*F-/0#&!6!8%"(,23)*.-7&"2)-)\ODHVSHFLHLQWURGXFLGD!"#1 $%&'()*)$"03.#*&/&4#,)FG Familia Chelidae Características generales: Tortuga semiacuática que se alimenta especialmente de insectos y caracoles. De no más de 28 cm de largo. El caparazón es ovalado o elíptico, aplanado y deprimido, de color café-oliva, con los escudos marginales un poco inclinados hacia arriba. El plastrón tiene una muesca en “v”, es mucho más angosto que el caparazón y es de color amarillo ocre. La cabeza es de gran tamaño, ancha y alargada que sobresale del resto del cuerpo; la región ventral y lateral de la cabeza son de color amarillo y la región dorsal es gris o café-oliva. Tiene barbicelos mentonianos cortos. El cuello es grisáceo en el dorso y más claro en la parte ventral. Las patas son palmeadas con cinco garras en las extremidades anteriores y cuatro en las posteriores. Los machos son más pequeños que las hembras, en estos la cola es más larga y ancha y el plastrón es escotado en los escudos anales (Zangerl & Medem, 1958; Ernest et al., 1998; Castaño-Mora, 2002; Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007). Distribución general: Endémica de la Región Caribe de Colombia (Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007). Distribución en colombia: Presente en la ciénaga de Zapatosa en el departamento de Cesar, en la ciénaga Grande del bajo Sinú en Cór- Nombre científico Mesoclemmys dahli (Zangerl y Medem, 1958) doba, en la cuenca de los ríos Sinú-San Jorge y en los departamentos de Sucre, Bolívar y Atlántico (MAVDT, 2002b; Carvajal-Cogollo et al., 2007; Medina-Rangel, 2011). Hábitat: Vive en aguas poco profundas, temporales, pantanos, bosques de ribera y en general en ambientes acuáticos con vegetación de borde o flotante (Castaño-Mora, 2002; RuedaAlmonacid et al., 2007). Lista Roja y Cites: En 1985 la UICN la consideró como el tercer reptil más cercano a desaparecer. Desde el 2000 se encuentra catalogaada como especie En Peligro Crítico (CR) a nivel mundial y nacional y en el Apéndice I de Cites (Castaño-Mora, 2002; Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007; Asociación Colombiana de Herpetología, 2011; IUCN, 2011 Amenazas: Las redes de pesca son una amenaza para esta especie debido a que quedan atrapadas. La pérdida de hábitat y condiciones intrínsecas como las bajas densidades y el aislamiento geográfico, hacen que sus poblaciones sean mucho más vulnerables a la extinción (Castaño-Mora, 2002; MAVDT, 2002b; RuedaAlmonacid et al., 2007). 27 El color indica la región donde se encuentra distribuída la especie Cuando se muestra un degradado de colores indica que la especie está en más de una región Categoría de la especie en la Lista Roja y presencia en apéndices de Cites Principales amenazas a las poblaciones de la especie Nombre común Chelidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Mesoclemmys dahli (Zangerl & Medem, 1958) CARIBE Carranchina, cabeza al lado, cabeza volteada, Dahl´s toad-headed turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD VHPLDFXiE WLFD TXH VH DOLPHQWD HVSHFLDOPHQWH GH LQVHFWRV \ FDUDFROHV'HQRPiVGHFPGHODUJR(OFDSDE UD]yQHVRYDODGRRHOtSWLFRDSODQDGR\GHSULPLGR GHFRORUFDIpROLYDFRQORVHVFXGRVPDUJLQDOHVXQ SRFRLQFOLQDGRVKDFLDDUULED(OSODVWUyQWLHQHXQD PXHVFDHQ´YµHVPXFKRPiVDQJRVWRTXHHOFDE SDUD]yQ\HVGHFRORUDPDULOORRFUH/DFDEH]DHV GH JUDQ WDPDxR DQFKD \ DODUJDGD TXH VREUHVDOH GHOUHVWRGHOFXHUSRODUHJLyQYHQWUDO\ODWHUDOGH ODFDEH]DVRQGHFRORUDPDULOOR\ODUHJLyQGRUVDO HVJULVRFDIpROLYD7LHQHEDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRV )-#'-%G! 0;! )/$;;-! $%! :#*%N)$-! $&! $;! .-#%-! 6! 9N%! FODURHQODSDUWHYHQWUDO/DVSDWDVVRQSDOPHDGDV 28 CARIBE )-&! )*&)-! :(##(%! $&! ;(%! $1'#$9*.(.$%! (&'$#*-#$%! \FXDWURHQODVSRVWHULRUHV/RVPDFKRVVRQPiV SHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDVHQHVWRVODFRODHVPiV ODUJD\DQFKD\HOSODVWUyQHVHVFRWDGRHQORVHVE FXGRVDQDOHV=DQJHUO0HGHP(UQHVW&.*#/G2! &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! JKKOFG! ÁRWDQWH &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/;2!JKKOFG! R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_!0&.C9*)(!.$!;(!#$:*+&!7(E ULEHGH&RORPELD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG! 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(QOD8,&1ODFRQVLGHE UyFRPRHOWHUFHUUHSWLOPiVFHUFDQRDGHVDSDUHE )$#G!8$%.$!$;!JKKK!%$!$&)/$&'#(!)('(;-:(.(!)-9-! HVSHFLHHQ3HOLJUR&UtWLFR&5DQLYHOPXQGLDO\ QDFLRQDO\HQHO$SpQGLFH,GH&LWHV&DVWDxR0RE UD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD,8&1 R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_!"#$%$&'$!$&!;(!)*CE QDJD GH =DSDWRVD HQ HO GHSDUWDPHQWR GH &HVDU HQ OD FLpQDJD *UDQGH GHO EDMR 6LQ~ HQ &yUGRED HQ OD FXHQFD GH ORV UtRV 6LQ~6DQ -RUJH \ HQ ORV GHSDUWDPHQWRVGH6XFUH%ROtYDU\$WOiQWLFR0$E 9'7E&DUYDMDO&RJROOR&.*#/0HGLQD 5DQJHO KL%#+M+*_2/DVUHGHVGHSHVFDVRQXQDDPHQD]D SDUDHVWDHVSHFLHGHELGRDTXHTXHGDQDWUDSDGDV /D SpUGLGD GH KiELWDW \ FRQGLFLRQHV LQWUtQVHFDV FRPRODVEDMDVGHQVLGDGHV\HODLVODPLHQWRJHRJUiE ÀFR KDFHQ TXH VXV SREODFLRQHV VHDQ PXFKR PiV YXOQHUDEOHV D OD H[WLQFLyQ &DVWDxR0RUD 0$9'7E5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG `a?&$+$_9LYHHQDJXDVSRFRSURIXQGDVWHPSRE UDOHVSDQWDQRVERVTXHVGHULEHUD\HQJHQHUDOHQ DPELHQWHV DFXiWLFRV FRQ YHJHWDFLyQ GH ERUGH R 29 Nombre común Emydidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Trachemys callirostris (Gray, 1855) CARIBE Hicotea, icotea, jicotea, colombian slider turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD VHPLDFXiWLFD GXOFHDFXtFROD GLXUQD RPQtYRUD FRQVXPH SULQFLSDOE PHQWH SODQWDV DFXiWLFDV SHUR WDPELpQ SHFHV YLYRV RPXHUWRV UHQDFXDMRV LQVHFWRVH LQFOXVR EDUUR 'H WDPDxRPHGLDQRSXHGHDOFDQ]DUORVFPGHODUJR (OFDSDUD]yQHVGHFRORUHVPX\YLVWRVRVHQQHRQDWRV \FUtDVGHIRUPDRYDODGDOLVROLJHUDPHQWHDERYHGDGR )-&!9(&)A(%!&$:#(%!#$.-&.$(.(%!$&!'-.-%!;-%!$%)/E GRVTXHHVWiQURGHDGDVSRUDQLOORVGHFRORUDPDULOOR QDUDQMDRYHUGH(OSODVWUyQHVDPDULOORFRQXQGHQVR HQWUDPDGRYHUGH/DFDEH]DHVFRPSOHWDPHQWHOLVDVLQ HVFDPDV FRQ XQD EDQGD SRVWRUELWDO DQFKD GH FRORU URMR QDUDQMD R DPDULOOR XELFDGD GHWUiV GH FDGD RMR SHURVLQWRFDUORTXHVHSXHGHH[WHQGHURQRKDVWD $;!)/$;;-G!"-%$$!/&!)-&5/&'-!.$!9(&)A(%!#$.-&.$(.(%! DPDULOODVXRFHORVDOUHGHGRUGHODERFD\HQODUDQIRE 30 CARIBE WHFDLQIHULRUUHJLyQPDQGLEXODU(OUHVWRGHODFDEHE >(!'*$&$!/&(%!;@&$(%!(9(#*;;(%!H/$!%$!$1'*$&.$&!A(%'(! HOFXHOOR\ORVPLHPEURVDQWHULRUHVSRVWHULRUHV\OD FROD /RV DGXOWRV FRQVHUYDQ HO SDWUyQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFR GHFRORUDFLyQHQODFDEH]DSHURHQODVSDWDV\ODFROD VH RVFXUHFH FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH /DV SDWDV VRQ WRWDOE PHQWHSDOPHDGDVFRQFLQFRJDUUDVHQODVH[WUHPLGDE GHVDQWHULRUHV\FXDWURHQODVSRVWHULRUHV/RVPDFKRV VRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDVHQHVWRVODFRODHV PiVODUJD\DQFKD0HGHP&DVWDxR0RUD 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/0HGLQD5DQJHO `a?&$+$_9LYHHQDJXDVSRFRSURIXQGDV\ORGRVDVDO LJXDOTXHHQFRPSOHMRVFHQDJRVRVODJXQDV\MDJH\HV 0HGHP &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDE )*.!&.*#/0HGLQD5DQJHO 8&*$+2 9":+2 ;2 !&$%*_2 (VSHFLH FDWDORJDGD FRPR &DVL $PHQD]DGD 17 D QLYHO PXQGLDO \ QDFLRQDO SRU OD 8,&1 1R DSDUHFH HQ ORV$SpQGLFHV GH &LWHV &DVE WDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ $VRE FLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD 0HGLQD 5DQJHO R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_2(QGpPLFDGH&RORPELD\9HE KL%#+M+*_2/DVSULQFLSDOHVDPHQD]DVVRQODGHVWUXFE QH]XHOD 0HGHP &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD FLyQ\GHJUDGDFLyQGHVXVKiELWDWVODVREUH[SORWDFLyQ =;9-&()*.!&.*#/0HGLQD5DQJHO SRUFDFHUtDHOWUiÀFRLOHJDOGHQHRQDWRVFRPRPDVFRE WDV\HOFRPHUFLRGHKHPEUDVDGXOWDV\KXHYRVSDUD R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 "#$%$&'$! $&! ;(! #$:*+&! FRQVXPRKXPDQRVREUHWRGRHQOD&XDUHVPD\6HE &DULEHHQORVFRPSOHMRVFHQDJRVRVGHORVUtRV0DJGDE PDQD6DQWDSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH OHQD&DXFD6LQ~6DQ-RUJH\5DQFKHUtD(QORVGHSDUE %ROtYDU&HVDU&yUGRED\6XFUH&DVWDxR0RUD '(9$&'-%!.$!=&'*-H/*(2!=';N&'*)-2!?-;@<(#2!7$%(#2!7+#E 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/0HGLQD5DQJHO GRED*XDMLUD0DJGDOHQD6DQWDQGHU\6XFUH0HGHP ! &DVWDxR0RUD$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH +HUSHWRORJtD0HGLQD5DQJHO 31 Nombre común Podocnemididae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Podocnemis lewyana (Duméril, 1852) ANDINA - CARIBE Tortuga de río, tortuga de agua, tortuga del Magdalena, Magdalena river turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_7RUWXJDDFXiWLFDGXOE FHDFXtFRODGLXUQDKHUEtYRUDVHDOLPHQWDGHSODQWDV DFXiWLFDV\GHPDWHULDOYHJHWDO(VGHWDPDxRPHGLDE QRSXHGHDOFDQ]DUORVFPGHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQ HVRYDODGROLVR\PiVDSODQDGRTXHHOGHRWUDVHVE SHFLHVGHOJpQHUR8262$,&'0)GHFRORUJULVRVFXUR RFDIpROLYD(OSODVWUyQSXHGHVHUGHFRORUFUHPD :#*%N)$-2!'-'(;9$&'$!&$:#-!-!&$:#-!)-&!;(%!)*%/#(%! FODUDV/DFDEH]DHVGHFRORUJULVROLYDFRQXQDEDQE GDDPDULOORFODUDTXHYDGHVGHHOERUGHSRVWHULRU GHO RMR KDVWD OD SDUWH VXSHULRU GHO WtPSDQR GLFKR SDWUyQGHFRORUDFLyQHVWiSUHVHQWHHQWRGRVORVHVE 32 ANDINA - CARIBE WDGLRV GH GHVDUUROOR GH DPERV VH[RV H[FHSWR HQ ODVKHPEUDVDGXOWDVODHVFDPDLQWHUSDULHWDOHVELHQ DQFKD\HQIRUPDGHFRUD]yQ7LHQHGRVEDUELFHORV PHQWRQLDQRV /DV SDWDV VRQ WRWDOPHQWH SDOPHDGDV )-&!)*&)-!:(##(%!$&!;(%!$1'#$9*.(.$%!(&'$#*-#$%! 6! FXDWURHQODVSRVWHULRUHV/RVPDFKRVVRQPiVSHE TXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDV\HQHVWRVODFRODHVPiV ODUJD&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! 0HGLQD5DQJHO `a?&$+$_29LYHHQUtRVJUDQGHV\VXVDÁXHQWHVFLpE QDJDVODJXQDV\SODQRVGHLQXQGDFLyQGHODVFXHQFDV GHO 0DJGDOHQD HO 6LQ~ \ 6DQ -RUJH &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/0HGLQD5DQJHO 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_20%'N!)('(;-:(.(!)-9-!0&!"$;*E JUR(1DQLYHOPXQGLDO\QDFLRQDOSRUOD8,&1(Q &LWHVVHHQFXHQWUDGHQWURGHO$SpQGLFH,,&DVWDxR 0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ $VRFLDE R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_2 (QGpPLFD GH &RORPELD FLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD 0HGLQD &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ 5DQJHO 0HGLQD5DQJHO KL%#+M+*_! 3(! .$%'#/))*+&! 6! .$:#(.()*+&! .$! %/%! R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2"#$%$&'$!$&!;(%!)/$&E KiELWDWV\ODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQSRUODFDFHUtDGHORV FDV \ FLpQDJDV GH ORV UtRV 0DJGDOHQD EDMR &DXFD DGXOWRV\ORVKXHYRVVRQVXVSULQFLSDOHVDPHQD]DV 6LQ~ \ 6DQ -RUJH &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OE &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ 9-&()*.! &.* #/; 0HGLQD5DQJHO (Q ORV 0HGLQD5DQJHO GHSDUWDPHQWRVGH$QWLRTXLD$WOiQWLFR%ROtYDU%RE ! \DFi&DOGDV&HVDU&yUGRED&XQGLQDPDUFD*XDMLE UD0DJGDOHQD6DQWDQGHU6XFUH\7ROLPD$VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD 33 Bache, mordelona, tortugaña, South American snapping turtle Familia Chelydridae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD DFXiWLFD 'HWDPDxRJUDQGHSXHGHDOFDQ]DUORVFPGH ODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQHVDQFKR\SODQRFRQHOPDUJHQ VXSHULRUSURIXQGDPHQWHDVHUUDGRGHFRORUFDIp DFDQHODGRRFDIpRVFXURFRQXQSDWUyQGHOtQHDV TXHLUUDGLDQVREUHFDGDHVFXGRVREUHHOFDSDUDE ]yQVHREVHUYDQWUHVTXLOODVDPDQHUDGHSURWXEHE #(&)*(%!H/$!'*$&.$&!(!.$%<(&$)$#%$!(!9$.*.(!H/$! 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Chelydra acutirostris (Peters, 1862) HO LQGLYLGXR HQYHMHFH (O SODVWUyQ HV UtJLGR PX\ UHGXFLGR\HQIRUPDGHFUX]GHFRORUDPDULOORFDE QHOD/DFDEH]DHVJUDQGHDSODQDGDVREUHVXSDUWH GRUVDO\FXELHUWDSRUSLHOVXDYHORVRMRVVRQYLVLE EOHV GHVGH DUULED (O PD[LODU SRVHH XQ SRGHURVR JDQFKRDSLFDO6REUHHOPHQWyQKD\GRVEDUELFHORV ODUJRVXVXDOPHQWHVHJXLGRVSRURSDUHVPiV SHTXHxRV \ VREUH HO GRUVR GH OD QXFD VH VLW~DQ 34 CARIBE - PACÍFICA Nombre común CARIBE - PACÍFICA YDULRVWXEpUFXORVUHGRQGHDGRV/DVSDWDVVRQJUDQE GHV\UREXVWDV\ORVGHGRVWHUPLQDQHQJDUUDVPX\ ODUJDV/DFRODHVODUJD\WLHQHHVFDPDVSURPLQHQWHV GLVSXHVWDVHQKLOHUDVGREOHV&DVWDxR0RUD 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/;GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AA BBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG YHJHWDFLyQ DFXiWLFD \ PDUJLQDO 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQR DPHQD]DGDSRU8,&1QLLQFOXLGDHQORVDSpQGLFHV GH&LWHV&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.* #/; $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_20&!$;!%/#!.$!=9C#*)(!7$&E GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4G; WUDO \ QRURFFLGHQWH GH 6XUDPpULFD GHVGH HO VXU GH+RQGXUDVDWUDYpVGHO&DULEH\ODVFXHQFDVGH KL%#+M+*_2 $ SHVDU GH VXV KiELWRV FUtSWLFRV ODV $PpULFD &HQWUDO KDVWD ODV WLHUUDV EDMDV GHO 3DFtÀE SREODFLRQHV GH HVWD HVSHFLH KDQ VLGR GLH]PDGDV FR GH &RORPELD \ (FXDGRU )ULW] +DYDä FRPRUHVXOWDGRGHODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQODGHVHFDE FLyQGHODViUHDVSDQWDQRVDV\ODFRQWDPLQDFLyQGH 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/G2!JKKOFG ODVDJXDVFRQDJURTXtPLFRVVXFDUQH\KXHYRVVRQ R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_!"#$%$&'$!$&!;(!#$:*+&! EDVWDQWHDSUHFLDGRVSDUDHOFRQVXPRKXPDQR\OOHE 3DFtÀFDHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO&KRFyHQODFXHQFD JDQ D VHU REMHWR GH FRPHUFLR D XQD HVFDOD UHJLRE PHGLD\EDMDGHOUtR&DXFD\HQWRGDODFXHQFDGHO QDOHVSHFLDOPHQWHODVSREODFLRQHVORFDOL]DGDVHQHO DOWRUtR&DXFDODVFUtDVWDPELpQVXHOHQVHUYHQGLGDV 6LQ~5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG FRPRPDVFRWDV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/;GLVE `a?&$+$_29LYHHQUtRV\HVWDQTXHVGHDJXDVWXUELDV SRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG PDQVDV \ SURIXQGDV TXH WHQJDQ IRQGRV ORGRVRV \ DEXQGDQWHVWURQFRVFDtGRVDVtFRPRXQDIURQGRVD 35 Tortuga montañera, tortuga pambilero, icotea, Brown wood turtle Familia Geoemydidae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDWHUUHVWUHGH KiELWRVGLXUQRVTXHPLGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHFP GHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQHVDSODQDGRHQODUHJLyQDOWD \PHGLDFHUUDGRHQODSDUWHSRVWHULRUHVGHFRORU DPDULOORFDIpRFDIpRVFXUR\SUHVHQWDXQDTXLOODR FDUHQDDPDULOODHQODSDUWHPHGLDGHORVHVFXGRV YHUWHEUDOHV(OSODVWUyQWLHQHXQDJUDQPDQFKDQHE JUD HO UHVWR HV DPDULOOR EULOODQWH OD SDUWH IURQWDO 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Rhinoclemmys annulata (Gray, 1860) GHO SODVWUyQ HV OHYDQWDGD \ OD SRVWHULRU SUHVHQWD XQDPXHVFD7DQWRMXYHQLOHVFRPRDGXOWRVSRVHHQ XQD FDEH]D SHTXHxD GH FRORU QHJUR /D FDEH]D \ HO FXHOOR SUHVHQWDQ OtQHDV EODQFDV R DPDULOODV HQ ODUHJLyQODWHUDO/DQDUL]HVUHVSLQJDGD\PXHVWUD XQSLFRSHTXHxRHQODUDQIRWHFDVXSHULRUUHJLyQ PD[LODUFRQSHTXHxDVVLHUUDVDFDGDODGR3RVHHQ SDWDV OLJHUDPHQWH SDOPHDGDV \ WLHQHQ XQ SDWUyQ 36 CARIBE - PACÍFICA Nombre común CARIBE - PACÍFICA *##$:/;(#!.$!;@&$(%!(9(#*;;(%!6!:#*%$%I!;(%!$1'#$9*.(E GHV DQWHULRUHV RFDVLRQDOPHQWH ODV SUHVHQWDQ HQ OD SDUWH VXSHULRU PLHQWUDV TXH HQ ODV H[WUHPLGDGHV SRVWHULRUHV HVWDV OtQHDV HVWiQ HQ OD SDUWH YHQWUDO /D FROD WDPELpQ SUHVHQWD HVWH SDWUyQ GH FRORUDE FLyQ &HEDOORV)RQVHFD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AA6#",0);0,702;#$;$"H*%..3@AA BBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG `a?&$+$_29LYHHQERVTXHVOOXYLRVRVGHWLHUUDVEDMDV SHURWDPELpQLQFXUVLRQDHQERVTXHVGHJDOHUtDKDVE WD ODV WLHUUDV DOWDV HQ HOHYDFLRQHV TXH VXSHUDQ ORV P&HEDOORV)RQVHFD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG 8&*$+2 9":+2 ;2 !&$%*_2 0%'N! )('(;-:(.(! )-9-! 7(%*! $PHQD]DGD17DQLYHOPXQGLDO\QDFLRQDOSRUOD 8,&1 1R VH HQFXHQWUD LQFOXLGD HQ ORV$SpQGLFHV R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_20&!;(!#$:*+&!%/#E)$&'#(;!.$! GH&LWHV&HEDOORV)RQVHFD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG $PpULFDKDVWDHOQRURULHQWHGH6XUDPpULFDGHVGH &.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD +RQGXUDVDWUDYpVGH1LFDUDJXD&RVWD5LFD3DQDE GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG! Pi&RORPELD\(FXDGRU(UQVW&.*#/)ULW] +DYDä&DVWUR+HUUHUD9DUJDV6DOLQDV KL%#+M+*_2 6X EDMD GHQVLGDG SREODFLRQDO EDMD IHE FXQGLGDG \ FUHFLPLHQWR OHQWR JHQHUDQ VXVFHSWLELE R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2"#$%$&'$!$&!;(!#$:*+&! OLGDG D OD SUHVLyQ DQWUySLFD $XQTXH GHELGR D VX 3DFtÀFD(QORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH$QWLRTXLDHQORV WDPDxR \ HFWRSDUiVLWRV HV SRFR DSHWHFLGD FRPR OtPLWHVFRQ&yUGRED\&HVDU&DXFD&KRFyEDMR IXHQWH GH SURWHtQDV SRU ODV FRPXQLGDGHV ORFDOHV %DXGy9DOOHGHO&DXFD\1DULxR(UQVW&.*#/ &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG )ULW] +DYDä 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ &DVWUR+HUUHUD 9DUJDV6DOLQDV $VRFLDFLyQ ! &RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD 37 Nombre común Kinosternidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Kinosternon dunni (Schmidt, 1947) PACÍFICA Cabeza de trozo, tapaculo, Dunn’s mud turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_7RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLFD GH KiELWRVQRFWXUQRV FDUQtYRUDTXH FRQVXPH SHE TXHxRV PROXVFRV LQVHFWRV \ SHFHV (V GH WDPDxR SHTXHxRGHFHUFDGHFPGHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQ HV XQLIRUPH DQFKR OLVR \ DOWR WULFDUHQDGR R WULE TXLOODGR HQ ORV MXYHQLOHV GH FRORU FDIp RVFXUR (O SODVWUyQHVDPDULOORFRQODVFLVXUDVRVFXUHFLGDV/D FDEH]D HVWi FXELHUWD FDVL HQ VX WRWDOLGDG SRU XQD JUDQHVFDPDURVWUDOHQODUHJLyQGRUVDO\SUHVHQWD EDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRVFRUWRV/DVSDWDVVRQSDOE PHDGDV/RVPDFKRVVRQXQSRFRPiVJUDQGHVTXH ODVKHPEUDVWLHQHQODUHJLyQQDVDOKLQFKDGD\SURE 38 8&*$+2 9":+2 ;2 !&$%*_2 (VWi FDWDORJDGD FRPR9XOQHE UDEOH98DQLYHOPXQGLDO\QDFLRQDOSRUOD8,&1 SHURQRVHHQFXHQWUDLQFOXLGDHQORV$SpQGLFHVGH &LWHV &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_(VSHFLHHQGpPLFDGH&RE ORPELD)ULW]+DYDä5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! KL%#+M+*_26XUHGXFLGDGLVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiÀFDOD JKKOFG KDFH SRWHQFLDOPHQWH VHQVLEOH D OD GHIRUHVWDFLyQ \ R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2"#$%$&'$!$&!;(!)/$&E WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH ORV DPELHQWHV 3RU VX EDMD WDVD FDGHORVUtRV%DXGy\6DQ-XDQHQHOGHSDUWDPHQE GHIHFXQGLGDGHVVHQVLEOHDODFD]DGHVXEVLVWHQFLD WRGHO&KRFy&DVWDxR0RUD)ULW]+DYDä &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/; 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ&RE GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG ORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD PACÍFICA WXEHUDQWHXQDFRODODUJDWHUPLQDGDHQXxDURPD\ SRVHHQXQSDUFKHGHHVFDPDVHVSLQRVDVHQODSDUE WH LQWHUQD GH ORV PXVORV 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/G2! GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG `a?&$+$_2 9LYH HQ ODV FDEHFHUDV GH ORV FDxRV SHE TXHxRVURGHDGRVGHVHOYDSRFRDOWHUDGDFRQGRVHO FHUUDGR 3HUPDQHFH HVFRQGLGD HQ HO IRQGR GH ORV FDXFHVSRFRSURIXQGRVFXELHUWDSRUKRMDV\WURQE FRV2FDVLRQDOPHQWHSHQHWUDHQ]RQDVSDQWDQRVDV SHUR QR HQ iUHDV HVWXDULQDV 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/;GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG 39 Nombre común Geoemydidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Rhinoclemmys nasuta (Boulenger, 1902) PACÍFICA Tortuga sabalatera, tortuga blanca, Tortuga chibigüi, Large nosed wood turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD DFXiWLFD GH DFPGHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQHVGHIRUPDDSODE QDGD XQLFDUHQDGR GH VXSHUÀFLH QRUPDOPHQWH OLVD GHFRORUSDUGRRVFXUR\ODSDUWHWUDVHUDPiVDQFKD \DOWDHQORVMXYHQLOHVHViVSHURFRQSHTXHxDVUXE JRVLGDGHV(OSODVWUyQHVWDOLJHUDPHQWHOHYDQWDGRHQ ODSDUWHGHODQWHUD\UHFRUWDGRHQODWUDVHUDHVGH )-;-#!(9(#*;;-!)-&!:#(&.$%!9(&)A(%!.$!)-;-#!&$:#-! HQFDGDXQRGHORVHVFXGRV/DFDEH]DHVQHJUD\ SUHVHQWDXQDEDQGDHVWUHFKDEODQFDRDPDULOODLQWHE UUXPSLGDSRUODyUELWD\TXHVHSURORQJDKDVWDHO FXHOOR$GHPiVWLHQHRWUDVGRVEDQGDVPiVDQFKDV \GHOPLVPRFRORUTXHVHXELFDQDORVODGRVGHOD FDEH]D\VHSUR\HFWDQKDVWDHOWtPSDQR/DQDUL]HV 40 PACÍFICA SUR\HFWDGD \ FRQVSLFXD /DV SDWDV VRQ SDOPHDGDV \HOSLHGHPRQWHKDVWDP0HGHP5XHGD /RVPDFKRVVRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDV\ =;9-&()*.!&.*#/G2!JKKOFG HQHVWRVODFRODHVPiVODUJD&DVWDxR0RUD 8&*$+2 9":+*2 ;2 !&$%*_2 0%'N! )('(;-:(.(! )-9-! 7(%*! 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/6,% $PHQD]DGD17DQLYHOPXQGLDO\QDFLRQDOSRUOD R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_2(VWDHVSHFLHVHHQFXHQWUD 8,&1\QRVHHQFXHQWUDLQFOXLGDHQORV$SpQGLFHV UHVWULQJLGDDODFRVWD3DFtÀFDGH&RORPELD\DODV GH&LWHV&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.* SURYLQFLDV GH (VPHUDOGDV \ 3LFKLQFKD HQ (FXDGRU #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/;2!JKKOFG R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 "#$%$&'$! $&! ;(! #$E JLyQ 3DFtÀFD HQ ODV FXHQFDV GH ORV UtRV 6DQ -XDQ 4XLWy7UXDQGy 'RFDPSDGy \ %DXGy (Q ORV GHE SDUWDPHQWRV GH &DXFD &KRFy 1DULxR \9DOOH GHO &DXFD0HGHP&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD =;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD `a?&$+$_29LYHHQUHPDQVRVGHUtRVJUDQGHV\FRE UULHQWHVGHSHTXHxRDPHGLDQRWDPDxRODJXQDVR ODJRV \ RFDVLRQDOPHQWH HQ DJXDV VDOREUHV 6H HQE FXHQWUDHQERVTXHVK~PHGRVHQODOODQXUDFRVWHUD KL%#+M+*_2/DGLVPLQXFLyQGHVXVSREODFLRQHVVX UHGXFLGDIHFXQGLGDGHOFUHFLPLHQWROHQWR\VXUHVE WULQJLGDGLVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiÀFDODKDFHQVXVFHSWLEOH D OD SUHVLyQ GH FD]D SDUD HO FRQVXPR KXPDQR \ ODHODERUDFLyQGHDUWHVDQtDVDSDUWLUGHVXFDSDUDE ]yQ &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/;E* JKKOFG ! 41 Nombre común Emydidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Trachemys venusta (Gray, 1855) PACÍFICA Icotea, jicotea, pecho de carey, Panamanian slider turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLFD GXOFHDFXtFRODGLXUQDRPQtYRUD'HWDPDxRPHGLDE QRSXHGHDOFDQ]DUORVFPGHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQ HV RYDODGR OLVR OLJHUDPHQWH DERYHGDGR FRQ PDQE )A(%!&$:#(%!#$.-&.$(.(%!$&!'-.-%!;-%!$%)/.-%2!9N%! FRQVSLFXDV HQ ORV HVFXGRV FRVWDOHV (O SODVWUyQ HV .$!)-;-#!&(#(&5(E#-5*>-!.$)-#(.-!)-&!/&!$&'#(9(E GRRVFXURPX\GHQVR/DFDEH]DHVFRPSOHWDPHQWH OLVDVLQHVFDPDVFRQXQDOtQHDSRVWRUELWDOGHFRORU QDUDQMD TXH VH H[WLHQGH KDFLD DWUiV GHVGH HO ERUE GHSRVWHULRUGHORMRHQODUHJLyQJXODUSRVHHXQD ÀJXUD DPDULOOD HQ IRUPD GH´<µ (VWDV GRV ~OWLPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VRQ FODYHV SDUD GLIHUHQFLDUOD GH !;* $#//0"2)."0)$GLFLRQDOPHQWH SRVHH EDQGDV DPDULOODV 42 PACÍFICA ORQJLWXGLQDOHV VREUH OD FDEH]D TXH VH H[WLHQGHQ KDVWDHOFXHOOR\ODVH[WUHPLGDGHVDQWHULRUHVHVWDV EDQGDVWDPELpQHVWiQSUHVHQWHVHQODVH[WUHPLGDE GHVSRVWHULRUHV\ODFROD/DVSDWDVVRQWRWDOPHQWH SDOPHDGDV FRQ FLQFR JDUUDV HQ ODV H[WUHPLGDGHV DQWHULRUHV\FXDWURHQODVSRVWHULRUHV/RVPDFKRV VRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDV\DGHPiVWLHE QHQODVJDUUDVGHODVSDWDVDODUJDGDV\ODFRODPiV ODUJD(UQHVW&.*#/;&DVWDxR0RUD5XHE .(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB; "&3.0/&16#.#7#)&;2"4FG! WR (Q ORV GHSDUWDPHQWRV GH $QWLRTXLD \ &KRFy &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ 0$9'781$/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD `a?&$+$_29LYHHQFRPSOHMRVFHQDJRVRVODJXQDVMDE JH\HV SR]RV \ FXHUSRV GH DJXDV OpQWLFDV SRFR SURIXQGDV \ GH IRQGRV OLPRVRV 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/;2!JKKOFG 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFDWDORJDGDFRPR&DVL $PHQD]DGD17DQLYHOQDFLRQDOSRUOD8,&11R R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_ 0p[LFR *XDWHPDOD +RQE DSDUHFH HQ ORV$SpQGLFHV GH &LWHV &DVWDxR0RE GXUDV 1LFDUDJXD &RVWD 5LFD 3DQDPi \ &RORPELD UD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD0HGLQD5DQJHO 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2+D\SRFRVUHJLVWURV ELEOLRJUiÀFRV\GDWRVGHFROHFFLRQHVODLQIRUPDFLyQ KL%#+M+*_2/DVDPHQD]DVTXHHQIUHQWDGHEHQVHU H[LVWHQWHUHSRUWDDODHVSHFLHHQODV]RQDVLQXQGDE 9/6!%*9*;(#$%!(!;(%!.$!!;*$#//0"2)."0)SHURQRKD\QLQE EOHV\FLpQDJDVHQORVGRVPiUJHQHVGHOUtR&DXFD J~QHVWXGLRDOUHVSHFWRVREUHHVWDHVSHFLH5XHGD \ODSDUWHDOWDGHOUtR1HFKtHQVXFUXFHFRQHOUtR =;9-&()*.!&.*#/;2!JKKOFG! &DXFD\HQODFLpQDJDGH7XPDUDGyHQHOEDMR$WUDE 43 Igüensa, galápago, galápago negro, Maracaibo wood turtle Familia Geoemydidae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_ 7RUWXJD KHUEtYRUD VHPLDFXiWLFD GH KiELWRV GLXUQRV FRQ XQ WDPDxR DSUR[LPDGRGHFPGHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQHVRYDE ODGR\GHSULPLGRWLHQHXQDTXLOODRFDUHQDPHGLDO GHQWDGD \ OD VXSHUÀFLH GH ORV HVFXGRV SXHGH VHU OLVDROLJHUDPHQWHUXJRVDVXFRORUDFLyQSXHGHVHU GHFDIpRVFXURDQHJUR(OSODVWUyQHVFDIpURML]RD QHJURFRQXQERUGHDPDULOORHQODVFLVXUDVGHORV HVFXGRV/DFDEH]D\HOFXHOORVRQGHFRORUQHJUR 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Rhinoclemmys diademata (Mertens, 1954) FRQGRVIUDQMDVORQJLWXGLQDOHVURMDVRDPDULOODVTXH SDVDQSRUGHODQWHGHODQXFD\VHH[WLHQGHQPiVDOOi GHODyUELWD/DFDEH]DSRVHHXQDJUDQÀJXUDDPDE ULOODHQIRUPDGH´9µLQYHUWLGDRKHUUDGXUDVLWXDGD VREUH OD FRURQLOOD FRQ ORV YpUWLFHV GH HVWD ÀJXUD HQPHGLRGHODVyUELWDV\ORVEUD]RVGLULJLGRVKDFLD DWUiVUHJLyQWHPSRUDOHVWDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDHVFODYH SDUDODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHODHVSHFLH7LHQHXQDOtQHD GHFRORUDPDULOORTXHERUGHDDORMR\SXHGHSURE 44 ANDINA - CATATUMBO Nombre común ANDINA - CATATUMBO \HFWDUVHRQRKDVWDHOWtPSDQR\XQDOtQHDDODUJDGD GHO PLVPR FRORU XELFDGD GHODQWH GHO RMR 6REUH OD UDQIRWHFDVXSHULRUUHJLyQPD[LODUWLHQHXQDSURPLE &$&'$!;@&$(!.$!)-;-#!(9(#*;;-G!0;!*#*%!$%!.$!)-;-#!<$#.$G! /DVSDWDVVRQSDOPHDGDVSRUORJHQHUDOODVH[WUHPLE .(.$%!(&'$#*-#$%!'*$&$&!9(&)A(%!(9(#*;;(%!6!#-5(%!6! ODVSRVWHULRUHVVRQGHFRORUDPDULOORFRQQHJUR/RV PDFKRVVRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDVWLHQHQ ODFRODPiVJUXHVD\ODUJD\HQHVWRVHOSODVWUyQHV UHODWLYDPHQWHFyQFDYR5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG `a?&$+$_29LYHHQFXHUSRVGHDJXDGXOFHHQVXUDQJR GHGLVWULEXFLyQHVWDQTXHVSDQWDQRV\FLpQDJDVFRVE WHUDVGHORVJUDQGHVUtRVHQODV]RQDVGHVDEDQD\ORV ERVTXHV SURIXQGRV &DVWDxR0RUD 5DPtUH] 3HULOOD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQR DPHQD]DGD SRU OD 8,&1 H LQFOXLGD HQ OD FDWHJRUtD 3UHRFXSDFLyQ 0HQRU /& D QLYHO PXQGLDO 1R HVWi LQFOXLGDHQORV$SpQGLFHVGH&LWHV5XHGD&DVE WDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRE FLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HSHWRORJtDGLVSRQLEOH R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_2$OQRURULHQWHGH6XUDPpULE $&I!%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG FDGHVGHHORULHQWHGH&RORPELDKDVWDHOQRURULHQWH GH9HQH]XHODHQODFXHQFDGHOODJR0DUDFDLER\UtR KL%#+M+*_/DSUHVLyQGHFD]DSDUDHOFRQVXPRKXE &DWDWXPER &HEDOORV)RQVHFD ,SSL )ORUHV PDQR\ODFRQWDPLQDFLyQGHODVIXHQWHVGHDJXDFRQ 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG KLGURFDUEXURVSURYHQLHQWHVGHORVGHUUDPHVGHSHE WUyOHRVRQODVFDXVDVSULQFLSDOHVGHGLVPLQXFLyQGH R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_26RORVHHQFXHQWUDHQ VXV SREODFLRQHV 5XHGD &DVWDxR0RUD ODFXHQFDGHO5tR&DWDWXPERHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.! &.* #/ GLVSRQLEOH HQ %..3@AA 1RUWH GH 6DQWDQGHU &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD BBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG =;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH ! +HUSHWRORJtD 45 Sabanera, galápago, galápago llanero, Savannah side-necked turtle Familia Podocnemididae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD DFXiWLFD RPQtYRUD VH DOLPHQWD HVSHFLDOPHQWH GH DQÀELRV SHFHVLQVHFWRV\WRGRWLSRGHPDWHULDOYHJHWDO(V GHWDPDxRSHTXHxR(OFDSDUD]yQHVRYDODGROLVR GHFRORUFDIpVLQTXLOODRFDUHQDFRQGLHQWHVHQ HO HVFXGRQXFDO/DVFUtDV\MXYHQLOHV SRVHHQ XQD FDUHQDPHGLDOVREUHHOVHJXQGR\FXDUWRHVFXGR 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Podocnemis vogli (Müller, 1935) YHUWHEUDO(OSODVWUyQHVGHFRORUJULV\DPDULOOR/D FDEH]DHVGHFRORUFDIp\HQORVMXYHQLOHVSUHVHQWD DOJXQDV PDQFKDV GLIXVDV EODQFDV R EODQFRDPDULE OOHQWDV TXH SXHGHQ XELFDUVH HQ HO VXUFR LQWUDRUE ELWDOHQWUHORVRMRVVREUHHOPDUJHQSRVWHULRUR PHGLDOGHORVRMRVRVREUHHOWtPSDQR(VWDVPDQE FKDVSXHGHQVHUUHWHQLGDVSRUORVPDFKRVDGXOWRV 46 ORINOQUIA Nombre común ORINOQUIA SHURHQODVKHPEUDVDGXOWDVVLHPSUHHVWiQDXVHQE WHV7LHQHDEDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRV/DVSDWDV VRQSDOPHDGDV\DOLJXDOTXHHOFXHOORVRQGHFRORU JULV /RV PDFKRV VRQ PiV SHTXHxRV TXH ODV KHPE EUDV\WLHQHQODFRODPiVODUJD\JUXHVD(UQHVW&.* #/5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/)RRWH 6,% WXUELDVFRQSRFDYHJHWDFLyQ\VXHORDUFLOORVR&DVE WDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG! 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQR DPHQD]DGDSRUOD8,&1HLQFOXLGDHQODFDWHJRUtD 3UHRFXSDFLyQ 0HQRU /& D QLYHO PXQGLDO 6H HQE FXHQWUDHQHO$SpQGLFH,,GH&LWHV&DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ&RE R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_26HUHVWULQJHDODVVDEDQDV ORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD ,8&1 GLVE GHOD2ULQRTXLDGH&RORPELD\9HQH]XHOD(UQHVW&.* SRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;%-'72/6.;2"4;$2FG! #/5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG KL%#+M+*_ 6RQ DPSOLDPHQWH FDSWXUDGDV GHELGR R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 6H GLVWULEX\H HQ HO (!H/$!%$!A(&!)-&<$#'*.-!$&!/&!#$)/#%-!$)-&+9*)-! &-#'$!6!-))*.$&'$!.$!;(!7-#.*;;$#(!P#*$&'(;2!;;$:(&E 6!(;*9$&'*)*-!$&!>-&(%!.-&.$!;-%!(&*9(;$%!:#(&.$%! GR KDVWD ORV UtRV 2ULQRFR *XD\DEHUR \ *XDYLDUH KDQGHVDSDUHFLGR\QRKD\RWUDVIXHQWHVGHSURWHtE (QORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH$UDXFD%R\DFi&DVDQDUH QDGLVSRQLEOHVDXQTXHODPD\RUtDGHODVSREODFLRQHV 0HWD9DXSpV\9LFKDGD&DVWDxR0RUD5XHE DORODUJRGHVXUDQJRGHGLVWULEXFLyQVHPDQWLHQHQ .(E=;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD HVWDEOHV&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.* GH+HUSHWRORJtD #/,8&1GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;%-'1 72/6.;2"4;$2FG `a?&$+$_29LYHHQHFRVLVWHPDVOpQWLFRVPRULFKDOHV FDxRVHVWHURVUHPDQVRVODJXQDVRFKDUFRVGHDJXDV 47 Morrocoy de patas amarillas, morrocoyo, motelo, Yellow-footed tortoise Familia Testudinidae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_ 7RUWXJD WHUUHVWUH RPQtYRUDVHDOLPHQWDGHSODQWDVWHUPLWDVKRQJRV \FDUURxD(VGHJUDQWDPDxRSXHGHDOFDQ]DUORV FPGHODUJRSHURHOSURPHGLRHVWiHQFP (O FDSDUD]yQ WLHQH IRUPD GH GRPR \ SRVHH XQD PDQFKD DPDULOOD FHQWUDO GLIXPLQDGD SRFR QtWLGD VREUHFDGDHVFXGRYHUWHEUDO\FRVWDODGLIHUHQFLD 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Chelonoidis denticulata (Linnaeus, 1766) .$!5;*$#"72,#"0#2!;(!.$9(#)()*+&!.$!$%'(%!9(&)A(%! HV SRFR HYLGHQWH (O SODVWUyQ HV JUDQGH \ UtJLGR GHFRORUFDIpDPDULOORFRQPDQFKDVRVFXUDVHQODV FLVXUDV$OJXQDVGHODVHVFDPDVGHODFDEH]D\ODV SDWDVSUHVHQWDQFRORUDFLyQDPDULOORFODUDRQDUDQE MDFODUD/DVSDWDVVRQJUXHVDV\UREXVWDVVLPLODUHV DODVGHXQHOHIDQWHWLSRHOHIDQWLQDVFRQJDUUDV 48 AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA Nombre común 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VWiFDWDORJDGDFRPR9XOQHUDE EOH98DQLYHOPXQGLDO/DVSREODFLRQHVGHOD2ULE QRTXLDGH&RORPELDVHHQFXHQWUDQFDWDORJDGDV(Q 3HOLJUR(1\ODVGHOD$PD]RQLD9XOQHUDEOH98 SRUOD8,&1(VWiLQFOXLGDHQHO$SpQGLFH,,GH&LWHV R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_2 (Q &RORPELD 9HQH]XHOD &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ *X\DQDV (FXDGRU 3HU~ %ROLYLD \ %UDVLO &DVWDxR $VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD 0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/GLVSRQLE KL%#+M+*_!3(!.$%'#/))*+&!6!.$:#(.()*+&!.$!%/%! EOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG KiELWDWVODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQSRUODFDFHUtD\HOWUiE R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 "#$%$&'$! $&! ;(%! ÀFRLOHJDOGHORVQHRQDWRVFRPRPDVFRWDVVRQODV )/$&)(%!.$!;(!=9(>-&*(!6!;(!P#*&-H/*(G!0&!;-%!.$E SULQFLSDOHVDPHQD]DV&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD SDUWDPHQWRVGH$PD]RQDV&DTXHWi*XDLQtD0HWD =;9-&()*.!&.*#/;2!JKKOFG 3XWXPD\R9DXSpV \9LFKDGD &DVWDxR0RUD 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPE ELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA ELHQGHVDUUROODGDV(QORVDGXOWRVORVPDFKRVWLHQHQ PD\RUWDPDxRTXHODVKHPEUDVVXSODVWUyQHVPiV FyQFDYR\VXFRODHVPiVODUJD\JUXHVD&DVWDxR 0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG `a?&$+$_2 9LYH HQ ERVTXHV K~PHGRV WURSLFDOHV \ ERVTXHVFDGXFLIROLRV+DELWD~QLFDPHQWHDOLQWHULRU GHORVERVTXHV\QXQFDSHQHWUDiUHDVDELHUWDVRGH VDEDQD &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/G2!JKKOFG 49 Matamata, mata-mata, tortuga fea, Matamata turtle !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDDFXiWLFDFDUQtYRE UD GH DSDULHQFLD PX\ LQXVXDO \ H[WUDxD (V GH WDPDxR JUDQGH SXGLHQGR DOFDQ]DU GH D FP GH ODUJR (O FDSDUD]yQ HVWi FRQVWLWXLGR SRU HVFXGRV HOHYDGRV GH IRUPDSLUDPLGDOFRQDQLOORVGHFUHFLPLHQWRELHQPDUFDE GRVHVGHFRORUFDIpDFDQHODGR(OSODVWUyQHVGHFRORU DPDULOORRFDIpDPDULOOHQWR/DFRORUDFLyQJHQHUDOGHOD FDEH]DFXHOOR\H[WUHPLGDGHVHVGHFDIpDJULViFHRFRQ Familia Chelidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW +PMT][ÅUJZQI\][ (Schneider, 1783) SUHVHQFLDGHDOJXQDVPDQFKDVQHJUDV/DFDEH]DHVODUJD \DSODQDGDODERFDHVH[WUHPDGDPHQWHJUDQGHORVRMRV VRQPX\SHTXHxRVHVWiQXELFDGRVHQODSDUWHDQWHULRU GHODFDEH]D\HOKRFLFRHVFDUQRVRFLOtQGULFR\DODUJDE .-2!$&!)/6-!$1'#$9-!%$!;-)(;*>(&!;(%!&(#*&(%G!"-%$$!/&! )/$;;-!;(#:-!6!(&)A-2!$&!$;!)/(;!%$!$&)/$&'#(&!/&(!%$#*$! GHH[FUHFHQFLDVGpUPLFDVGHIRUPD\FRQWRUQRLUUHJXE ODUTXHVREUHVDOHQGHDPERVFRVWDGRVGHOFXHOORFX\D 50 AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA Nombre común AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA IXQFLyQ HVWiFWLO\VHQVLWLYDDORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHO DJXD 'HWUiVGHORMR\VREUHHOWtPSDQRKD\XQDPSOLRDSpQGLFH GpUPLFRTXHFRQÀHUHODIRUPDWULDQJXODUDODFDEH]D/DV SDWDVVRQFRUWDVWRWDOPHQWHSDOPHDGDVFRQFLQFRJDUUDV (;(#:(.(%!$&!;(%!$1'#$9*.(.$%!(&'$#*-#$%!6!)/('#-!$&!;(%! H[WUHPLGDGHVSRVWHULRUHV/DFRODHVFRUWD\QRVREUHVDE OHWDQWRGHOERUGHSRVWHULRUGHOFDSDUD]yQ(UQHVW&.*#/;2! +DUYH\ &.* #/ 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/; 3ULWFKDUG `a?&$+$_2(VXQDWRUWXJDEHQWyQLFDTXHYLYHHQFXHUSRV GHDJXDVVRPHURVWXUELRV\OpQWLFRVSUHIHULEOHPHQWHHQ UtRVGHSRFDFRUULHQWH\FDxRVODJXQDV\ERVTXHVLQXQGDE EOHVFRQKRMDUDVFD\IRQGRVORGRVRV3HUPDQHFHVXPHUE JLGD FDPXÁiQGRVH GHMDQGR SRU IXHUD GHO DJXD VROR OD SXQWDGHODPRGLÀFDFLyQQDVDOHQIRUPDGHWXER&DVWDE xR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/;2!JKKOFG ! 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQRDPHE QD]DGDSRUOD8,&1HLQFOXLGDHQODFDWHJRUtD3UHRFXSDE FLyQ0HQRU/&DQLYHOPXQGLDO1RVHHQFXHQWUDHQORV $SpQGLFHVGH&LWHV&DVWDxR0RUD0$9'7G 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/;$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH +HUSHWRORJtD R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_3ULQFLSDOHVFXHQFDVGHOQRUWHGH %ROLYLD RULHQWH GHO 3HU~ (FXDGRU RULHQWH GH &RORPELD 9HQH]XHOD ODV *XD\DQDV OD *X\DQD )UDQFHVD 6XULQDP 7ULQLGDG \ QRUWH \ FHQWUR GH %UDVLO (UQHVW &.* #/; &HEDOORV)RQVHFD&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OE 9-&()*.!&.*#/3ULWFKDUGGLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AA KL%#+M+*_2 6XV SULQFLSDOHV DPHQD]DV VRQ OD SpUGLGD \ IUDJPHQWDFLyQ GHO KiELWDW OD H[SORWDFLyQ FRPHUFLDO GH BBB;"&3.0/&16#.#7#)&;2"4FG MXYHQLOHV SDUD PDVFRWDV \ HO WUiÀFR LOHJDO HQ PHUFDGRV R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2"#$%$&'$!$&!;(!P#*&-H/*(! LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV/DpSRFDPiVYXOQHUDEOHHVODUHSURGXFE 6!;(!=9(>-&*(2!H/$!<(!.$%.$!$;!#@-!=9(>-&(%!6!P#*&-)-! '*<(2!;(!)/(;!)-*&)*.$!)-&!;-%!:#(&.$%!.$)-9*%-%!$!*&)(/E KDVWDORVUtRV$UDXFD&DVDQDUH0HWD9LFKDGD,QtULGD3XE WDFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVSRUODVDXWRULGDGHVDPELHQWDOHV&DVE WXPD\R &DTXHWi 3DWtD9DXSpV \ 6LQ~ OOHJDQGR KDVWD HO WDxR0RUD0$9'7G5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/;2! SLHGHPRQWHGHODFRUGLOOHUD2ULHQWDO&HEDOORV)RQVHFD JKKOFG &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ $VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD 51 Charapita de aguajal, charapita de cananguchal, hedionda, Gibba turtle !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_ 7RUWXJD DFXiWLFD RPQtYRUD GH KiELWRV QRFWXUQRV VH DOLPHQWD GH ODUYDVGHLQVHFWRVDFXiWLFRV\RWURVLQYHUWHEUDGRV SHFHV UHQDFXDMRV \ PDWHULDO YHJHWDO 'H QR PiV GHFPGHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQHVDQFKR\DFDPE SDQDGRKDFLDORVODGRVGHFRORUFDIpHQORVMXYHE QLOHVHOFDSDUD]yQWLHQHXQDFDUHQDRTXLOODPHGLD Familia Chelidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Mesoclemmys gibba (Schweigger, 1812) DVHUUDGD TXH GHVDSDUHFH HQ ORV DGXOWRV (O SODVE WUyQHVFDIpFRQORVERUGHV\HOSXHQWHDPDULOORV /DVUDQIRWHFDV\ODVUHJLRQHVODWHUDOHVGHODFDEH]D VRQDPDULOODVFRQYHUPLFXODFLRQHVQHJUDV7LHQH EDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRV/DVSDWDVVRQSDOPHDGDV )-&!)*&)-!:(##(%!$&!;(%!$1'#$9*.(.$%!(&'$#*-#$%!6! FXDWUR HQ ODV H[WUHPLGDGHV SRVWHULRUHV /RV PDE 52 AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA Nombre común AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA FKRVWLHQHQODFRODPiVODUJDHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQ xRVPRULFKDOHVFXHUSRVGHDJXDVQHJUDV\EODQFDV ODV KHPEUDV 'XHOOPDQ (UQHVW &.* #/ GHO2ULHQWHDQGLQR5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ %DUULR$PRUyVÌxLJR1DUEDL]D 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/G2!JKKOFG R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_2(QHOVXURFFLGHQWHGH9HE QH]XHOD HQ OD 6LHUUD 1HYDGD GH 0pULGD GHVGH OD D/6(&(!A(%'(!$;!&-#-#*$&'$!.$!?#(%*;2!(;!-#*$&'$!.$;! (FXDGRUFHQWUR\QRURULHQWHGH3HU~VXURULHQWH\ RULHQWH GH &RORPELD DVt FRPR HQ 3DUDJXD\ \7ULE QLGDG (UQHVW &.* #/ 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/G2! JKKOFG R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 "#$%$&'$! $&! ;(%! FXHQFDVGHOD2ULQRTXLD9LFKDGD\$PD]RQLDFRE ORPELDQDV(QORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH$PD]RQDV&DE TXHWi&DVDQDUH*XDLQtD0HWD3XWXPD\R9DXSpV\ 9LFKDGD0LWWHUPHWHU&.*#/5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORE JtD 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQR DPHQD]DGDSRUOD8,&1HLQFOXLGDHQODFDWHJRUtD GH 3UHRFXSDFLyQ 0HQRU /& D QLYHO PXQGLDO 1R HVWiHQORV$SpQGLFHVGH&LWHV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/;$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORE JtD,8&1 KL%#+M+*_(QJHQHUDOVXKHGRU\FRPSRUWDPLHQE WRHYDVLYRDVtFRPRVXEDMDIUHFXHQFLDGHDSDULFLyQ \ WDPDxR SHTXHxR OD KDFHQ SRFR VXVFHSWLEOH DO ULHVJR DQWUySLFR SRU FRQVXPR 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/,8&1 `a?&$+$_23HTXHxRVUtRV\ODJRVGHERVTXHVOOXYLRE VRV(QJHQHUDOYLYHHQFXHUSRVOpQWLFRVFRPRFDE 53 Huele feo, galápago sol, hedionda, Amazon toad-headed turtle Familia Chelidae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLE FD FDUQtYRUD GLXUQD VH DOLPHQWD GH DQLPDOHV GH FRQWH[WXUDEODQGD'HWDPDxRPHGLDQRSXHGHDOE FDQ]DUHQWUHORV\FPGHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQ HVPX\DSODQDGRVLQTXLOODRFDUHQDFHQWUDOHVGH )-;-#!&$:#-!6!;-%!$%)/.-%!9(#:*&(;$%!%-&!(9(#*E OORVHQVXVXSHUÀFLHLQIHULRU/RVERUGHVODWHUDOHV 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Mesoclemmys heliostemma (McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Lamar, 2001) GHO FDSDUD]yQ HVWiQ OHYHPHQWH LQFOLQDGRV KDFLD DUULED(OSODVWUyQ\HOSXHQWHVRQGHFRORUQHJUR HQ OD SDUWH FHQWUDO \ DPDULOOR HQ OD SHULIHULD /D FDEH]DHVODUJDDQFKD\UHGRQGDORVWtPSDQRVVRQ QHJURV \ SRVHH EDUELFHORV PHQWRQLDQRV SHTXHE xRV(QORVMXYHQLOHVODFDEH]DSRVHHGRVEDQGDV ROtQHDVIDFLDOHVTXHYDQGHVGHHODPDULOORKDVWDHO 54 AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA Nombre común AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA QDUDQMD \ VH RVFXUHFHQ HQ ORV HMHPSODUHV DGXOWRV (OFXHOORWLHQHWXEpUFXORVGLPLQXWRV/DVSDWDVVRQ SDOPHDGDVODVH[WUHPLGDGHVDQWHULRUHVVRQEODQFDV \ODVSRVWHULRUHVVRQEODQFDV~QLFDPHQWHHQODUHE :*+&!.-#%(;G!3-%!9()A-%!'*$&$&!;(!)-;(!9N%!;(#:(!H/$! ODVKHPEUDV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/%DUULR $PRUyVÌxLJR1DUEDL]D `a?&$+$_29LYHHQDPELHQWHVOpQWLFRVSRFRSURIXQE GRV HQFRQWUiQGRVH HQ DUUR\RV SHTXHxRV GH ERVE TXHVSUtVWLQRVFLpQDJDVPRULFKDOHVDJXDVQHJUDV\ EODQFDVGHORULHQWHGHORV$QGHV&LVQHURV+HUHGLD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/%DUULR$PRUyV ÌxLJR1DUEDL]D 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQR DPHQD]DGDSRUOD8,&1QLLQFOXLGDHQORV$SpQGLE FHVGH&LWHV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/5KRGLQ &.*#/;$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORE JtD,8&1 R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_27/$&)(!.$;!(;'-!=9(>-&(%! GHVGH9HQH]XHODKDVWD3HU~,QFOX\HHOVXUYHQH]RE ODQRHORFFLGHQWHGH%UDVLOHOQRURULHQWHSHUXDQR HORULHQWHHFXDWRULDQR\HOVXURULHQWHFRORPELDQR 0F&RUG&.*#/6RX]D5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/%DUULR$PRUyVÌxLJR1DUEDL]D KL%#+M+*_2 7DQWR LQGLYLGXRV DGXOWRV FRPR QHRE QDWRVQRSUHVHQWDQXQYDORUFRPHUFLDOVLJQLÀFDWLYR R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_!"#$%$&'$!$&!)/$&)(%! SRUORFXDOQRHVWiQEDMRXQDDPHQD]DGHWLSRDQE DPD]yQLFDV\GHOD2ULQRTXLDLQFOX\HQGRHOSLHGHE WUySLFR5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/5KRGLQ&.*#/G2! PRQWHOODQHUR(QORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH$PD]RQDV ,8&1 &DTXHWi*XDLQtD3XWXPD\R9DXSpV\9LFKDGD5XHE .(E=;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH+HUSHWRORJtD 55 Cabezón, tartaruga arara, guacamayo charapa, Big-headed amazon river turtle Familia Podocnemididae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD GH UtR \ ~QLFD HVSHFLH GHO JpQHUR 8&/.2$&3%#/-)G! 3-%! 9(E FKRV DGXOWRV PLGHQ HQWUH \ FP GH ODUJR QRREVWDQWHVHKDUHJLVWUDGRLQGLYLGXRVGHKDVWD FPHQ&RORPELD(OFDSDUD]yQHVOLJHUDPHQWH H[SDQGLGR SRVWHULRUPHQWH \ SXHGH YDULDU HQWUH 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Schweigger, 1812) ROLYDFDIpJULVQHJURRD]XORVFXUR(OSODVWUyQHV GH FRORU DPDULOOR /D FDEH]D HV GH JUDQ WDPDxR #$'#N)'*;2! &-#9(;9$&'$! .$! )-;-#! :#*%! /! -;*<(! 6! ;(! PDQGtEXOD HV GH FRORU FDIp FODUR 3RVHH XQ VROR EDUELFHOR PHQWRQLDQR /DV SDWDV VRQ SDOPHDGDV 3(%! $1'#$9*.(.$%! (&'$#*-#$%! '*$&$&! )*&)-! :(##(%! 56 AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA Nombre común AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA \ ODV SRVWHULRUHV FXDWUR /DV KHPEUDV VRQ GH PHE QRUWDPDxRTXHORVPDFKRV&DVWDxR0RUDD &HEDOORV)RQVHFD&DVWDxR0RUD5XHE .(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/;%DUULR$PRUyVÌxLJR 1DUEDL]D MDUDVFD &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/;2!JKKOFG 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_(VWiFDWDORJDGDFRPR9XOQHUDE EOH98SRUOD8,&1DQLYHOPXQGLDO\QDFLRQDO\VH HQFXHQWUDHQHO$SpQGLFH,,GH&LWHV&DVWDxR0RE R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_2 7/$&)(%! .$;!=9(>-&(%! 6! UD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ 2ULQRFR6XUDPpULFDGHVGHHOQRURULHQWHGH3HU~ &RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD,8&1 RULHQWHGH&RORPELD\(FXDGRURFFLGHQWHGH9HQHE ]XHODKDVWDODGHVHPERFDGXUDGHO$PD]RQDV)ULW] KL%#+M+*_2'HELGRDVXFDEH]DJUDQGHHVGHPXE +DYDä5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG FKR LQWHUpV SDUD ORV FD]DGRUHV ORFDOHV \ HV XVDGD SULQFLSDOPHQWH HQ HO FRPHUFLR LOHJDO &DVWDxR R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_! "#$%$&'$! $&! ;(%! 0RUDD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/;%DUULR )/$&)(%!.$!;-%!#@-%!P#*&-)-!6!=9(>-&(%!6!$&!;-%! $PRUyVÌxLJR1DUEDL]D GHSDUWDPHQWRV GH $PD]RQDV &DTXHWi 9LFKDGD *XDLQtD \ 3XWXPD\R &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD =;9-&()*.! &.* #/; $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD `a?&$+$_2 0X\ DEXQGDQWHV HQ PHDQGURV GH FDxRV .$!(:/(%!&$:#(%!(%-)*(.(%!(!#$:*-&$%!%$;<N'*)(%G!"#$E ÀHUHDQLGDUHQSOD\DVDUHQRVDVPH]FODGDVFRQKRE 57 Chipiro, chimpiro, irapuca, Red headed sideneck Familia Podocnemididae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLE FD8QDGHODVWRUWXJDVPiVSHTXHxDVGHOJpQHUR 8262$,&'0)SXHGHDOFDQ]DUFPGHODUJRDXQTXH VX WDPDxR SURPHGLR HV FP (O FDSDUD]yQ HV -<(;(.-! 6! $%'#$)A-! (&'$#*-#9$&'$2! )-&! /&(! H/*E OOD R FDUHQD PHGLDO DQWHULRU SXHGH VHU GH FRORU URMRFDIpRQHJUR(OSODVWUyQHVGHFRORUFUHPD \HQDOJXQRVLQGLYLGXRVSXHGHVHUDPDULOORFDIpR 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824) VRORDPDULOOR/DFDEH]DHVGHFRORUURMRRVFXUR LQWHQVR\SRVHHXQDEDQGDROtQHDFHIiOLFDGHFRE ORUQDUDQMDRKDEDQRQDUDQMDTXHVHH[WLHQGHGH WtPSDQRDWtPSDQRDWUDYHVDQGRODUHJLyQSDULHWDO (QODVFUtDV\MXYHQLOHVDGHPiVGHHVWDEDQGDODFDE EH]DSRVHHYDULDVPDQFKDVEULOODQWHVGHFRORUURMR RQDUDQMDTXHSXHGHQXELFDUVHVREUHODVQDULQDVD ODGR\ODGRGHOVXUFRLQWHURUELWDOHQWUHORVRMRV 58 AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA Nombre común AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA R SXHGHQ VHU XQD EDQGD D OR ODUJR GH OD UDQIRWHE FDLQIHULRUUHJLyQPDQGLEXODU7LHQHEDUELFHORV PHQWRQLDQRVFRUWRV/DVSDWDVVRQSDOPHDGDV/RV PDFKRVUHWLHQHQSDUFLDOPHQWHODFRORUDFLyQFHIiOLFD SUHVHQWHHQMXYHQLOHVPLHQWUDVTXHHQODVKHPEUDV ODVPDQFKDVGHODFDEH]DVHGHVYDQHFHQRVHKDFHQ QRWDEOHPHQWH PiV RVFXUDV /RV PDFKRV VRQ PiV SHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDV\SRVHHQODFRODPiVODUE JD0LWWHUPHLHU:LOVRQ6PLWK&DVE WDxR0RUD)UDQNOLQ5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/%DUULR$PRUyVÌxLJR1DUEDL]D GH$PD]RQDV9LFKDGD 3XWXPD\R &DTXHWi \ *XDLE QtD&DVWDxR0RUDE&HEDOORV)RQVHFD &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ $VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD `a?&$+$_2 9LYHQ HQ FRUULHQWHV GH DJXDV QHJUDV GH ERVTXHV K~PHGRV GH VDEDQD \ FDxRV SHTXHxRV 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/; %DUULR$PRUyV ÌxLJR1DUDEL]D 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VWiFDWDORJDGDFRPR9XOQHUDE EOH98SRUOD8,&1DQLYHOPXQGLDO\QDFLRQDO6H R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_2 7/$&)(! .$;!=9(>-&(%! .$! HQFXHQWUDHQHO$SpQGLFH,,GH&LWHV&DVWDxR0RE &RORPELDRULHQWHGH(FXDGRUQRURULHQWHGH3HU~ UD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ QRUWHGH%ROLYLDVXUGH9HQH]XHOD\%UDVLO3UHVHQWH &RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD HQ FXHQFDV GH9HQH]XHOD \ &RORPELD &XHQFDV GH 5tRV 1HJUR \ &DVLTXLDUH GH &RORPELD9HQH]XHOD KL%#+M+*_(QHVWDFLyQEDMDGDGRTXHHVWiFRQWLE \ %UDVLO \ UtR ,QtULGD GH &RORPELD &DVWDxR0RUD :/(!(!N#$(%!.$!)-9/&*.(.$%!;-)(;$%2!$%!)(>(.(!)-9-! E)UDQNOLQ)ULW]+DYDä5XHGD IXHQWH GH SURWHtQD$ HVWR VH OH VXPD OD FDSWXUD =;9-&()*.!&.*#/G2!JKKOFG GHMXYHQLOHVFRPRPDVFRWDV&DVWDxR0RUD 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/G2!JKKOFG R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_!"#$%$&'$!$&!;(!)/$&E FD GHO 2ULQRFR 5HJLVWUDGD HQ ORV GHSDUWDPHQWRV 59 Charapa, arrau, warara, South American river turtle Familia Podocnemididae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD HVHQFLDOPHQWH ()/N'*)(G!7-&%/9$!:#(&!<(#*$.(.!.$!)-9*.(!*&);/6$&E GRSODQWDVIUXWDVLQYHUWHEUDGRVGHPRYLPLHQWROHQWR \ FDUURxD HV SULQFLSDOPHQWH KHUEtYRUD FXDQGR HVWi $&!$%'(.*-%!9(./#-%G!0%!;(!'-#'/:(!.$!(:/(!./;)$!9N%! JUDQGH GH 6XUDPpULFD \ XQD GH ODV PiV JUDQGHV GHO PXQGR SXHV DOFDQ]D XQ WDPDxR Pi[LPR GH FP 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) VLHQGRHOOtPLWHVXSHULRUHQWUHODVWRUWXJDVGHOJpQHUR 8262$,&'0)(OFDSDUD]yQHVPDQFKDGRKDFLDODSDUWH SRVWHULRUGHIRUPDRYDODGDDQFKR\SODQRH[SDQGLGR SRVWHULRUPHQWH HQ ORV PDFKRV GH FRORUDFLyQ ROLYiE FHDRVFXUDJULVRFDIp(OSODVWUyQHVDPDULOOR\PiV DPSOLRHQODSDUWHDQWHULRU/DFDEH]DHVDQFKDJULVR FDIpFRQXQKRFLFRDODUJDGR\WLHQHPDUFDVDPDULOODV 60 AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA Nombre común AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA FRQXQDSHFDRVFXUDFHQWUDODVtFRPRYDULDVPDQFKDV GHOPLVPRFRORUXELFDGDVHQODVUDQIRWHFDV\HQWUHORV RMRVUHJLyQLQWHURUELWDO/DPD\RUtDWLHQHEDUELFHORV PHQWRQLDQRV/DVSDWDVVRQFRPSOHWDPHQWHSDOPHDGDV /RVPDFKRVVRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDV&DVWDE xR0RUD)UDQNOLQ5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! %DUULR$PRUyV ÌxLJR1DUEDL]D GLVSRQLE EOHHQ%..3@AAF03$26&F22;$2'FG =;9-&()*.!&.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUE SHWRORJtD R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_2 6XUDPpULFD %UDVLO &RORPELD 9HQH]XHOD6HHQFXHQWUDHQHO2ULQRFR\HQODVFXHQE FDVGHOUtR$PD]RQDVHQ&RORPELD9HQH]XHOD*XD\DQD RULHQWHGH(FXDGRUQRURULHQWHGH3HU~QRUWHGH%UDVLO \QRUWHGH%ROLYLD7DPELpQKDVLGRUHSRUWDGDHQ7ULQLE GDG GHVSXpV GHO GHVERUGDPLHQWR GHO UtR 2ULQRFR 6H $&)/$&'#(!$&!;(!9(6-#@(!.$!#@-%!:#(&.$%!6!;(:-%!(%-)*(E GRV DO$PD]RQDV \ DO 2ULQRFR &DVWDxR0RUD D 9DOHQ]XHOD 9DOHQ]XHOD )ULW] 5XHGD =;9-&()*.!&.*#/%DUULR$PRUyV 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_26HHQFXHQWUDFDWDORJDGDFRPR&DVL $PHQD]DGD17DQLYHOPXQGLDOSRUOD8,&1/DVSRE EODFLRQHVGHOD2ULQRTXLDGH&RORPELDVHHQFXHQWUDQ FDWDORJDGDV(Q3HOLJUR&UtWLFR&5\ODVGHOD$PD]RQLD (Q3HOLJUR(1(VWiLQFOXLGDHQHO$SpQGLFH,,GH&LWHV 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/%DUULR$PRUyVÌxLJR 1DUEDL]D$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORE JtD,8&1 ! KL%#+M+*_2 7DQWRDGXOWRVFRPRQHRQDWRVVRQFRQE %/9*.-%! 6! ;(! :#(%(! .$! ;-%! A/$<-%! $%! $1'#(@.(! 6! <$&E GLGD SDUD FRFLQD R OiPSDUDV GH FRPEXVWLEOH 6RPHWLE .(!(!)-9$#)*-!*;$:(;G!7-&%*.$#(.(!/&(!.$!;(%!'-#'/:(%! PiVDSHWHFLGDVSRUORVFD]DGRUHVMXQWRFRQ8262$,&'0)* XQLÀOLV5HEHOR3H]]XWWL)UDQNOLQ5XHGD =;9-&()*.!&.*#/G2!JKKOFG R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_!"#$%$&'$!$&!)/$&)(%!.$;! $PD]RQDV \ 2ULQRFR 3UHVHQWH HQ ORV GHSDUWDPHQWRV .$!=9(>-&(%2!=#(/)(2!7(H/$'N2!7(%(&(#$2!D/(*&@(2!M$'(2! 3XWXPD\R9DXSpV\9LFKDGD&DVWDxR9DOHQ]XHOD &.* #/ 9DOHQ]XHOD 9DOHQ]XHOD 5XHGD `a?&$+$_2 9LYH HVHQFLDOPHQWH HQ VLVWHPDV GH DJXDV EODQFDV \ QHJUDV 6LQ HPEDUJR VH GHVSOD]D ORFDOPHQWH HQWUH KiELWDWV GXUDQWH VX GHVDUUROOR GHSHQGLHQGR GH ODVHVWDFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ %DUULR$PRUyVÌxLJR1DUEDL]D 61 Taracayá, taricay, terecay, Yellow-spotted side-neck Familia Podocnemididae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDDFXiWLFDRPQtYRE UDVHDOLPHQWDHVSHFLDOPHQWHGHKXHYRVGHSHFHVPRE OXVFRV FUXVWiFHRV \ WRGR WLSR GH PDWHULDO YHJHWDO 'H WDPDxRPHGLDQRSXHGHDOFDQ]DUORVFPGHODUJR(O FDSDUD]yQHVGHIRUPDHOLSVRLGDOGHFRORUFDVWDxRRVE FXUR R QHJUR HQVDQFKDGR HQ OD SDUWH SRVWHULRU \ FRQ /&(!H/*;;(!9$.*(!(;:-!(%$##(.(!(;!9$&-%!$&!;-%!5/<$&*;$%G! 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW 8WLWKVMUQ[]VQÅTQ[ (Troschel, 1848) (OSODVWUyQSUHVHQWDXQDPXHVFDHQORVHVFXGRVDQDOHV \HVGHFRORUJULViFHRRDPDULOORFRQQHJUR/DVSDUWHV GRUVDO\ODWHUDOGHODFDEH]DVRQGHFRORUFDIpURML]RD JULVRVFXUR\ODSDUWHYHQWUDOHVGHFRORUJULViFHREODQE FRRDPDULOORHQHOFDVRGHODVKHPEUDV/DFDEH]DGH FUtDV\PDFKRVWLHQHGRVPDQFKDVUHGRQGHDGDVVLQSHFD FHQWUDO\GHFRORUDPDULOOR/DVPDQFKDVVHGLVWULEX\HQ 62 AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA Nombre común AMAZONIA - ORINOQUIA GHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUDXQDVREUHFDGDERUGHODWHUDOGH ODHVFDPDLQWHUSDULHWDOXQDVREUHHOH[WUHPRGHOURVWUR XQDVREUHHOWtPSDQR\GRVVREUHODUDQIRWHFDVXSHULRU UHJLyQPD[LODUHVWDVPDQFKDVVRORVRQUHWHQLGDVSRUORV PDFKRVDGXOWRV\VHGHVYDQHFHQHQODVKHPEUDVPDGXUDV 7LHQH D EDUELFHORV PHQWRQLDQRV /DV SDWDV VRQ SDOE PHDGDV/RVPDFKRVVRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDV \DGHPiVHVWRVWLHQHQODFRODPiVJUDQGH\JUXHVD(UQHVW &.*#/&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! JKKOFG `a?&$+$_2 9LYH HQ ODV DUWHULDV GH JUDQGHV UtRV \ DJXDV DELHUWDVGHODJRVRYHJHWDFLyQFLUFXQGDQWHHVSHFLDOPHQWH ORV MXYHQLOHV 2FXSDQ ORV UtRV GXUDQWH OD WHPSRUDGD GH DQLGDPLHQWR &LVQHURV+HUHGLD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/G2!JKKOFG! 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFDWDORJDGDFRPR9XOQHUDEOH 98DQLYHOPXQGLDOSRUOD,8&1$QLYHOQDFLRQDOHQOD $PD]RQLDHVWiFDWDORJDGD(Q3HOLJUR(1HQOD$PD]RE QLD \ HQ OD 2ULQRTXLD (Q 3HOLJUR &UtWLFR &5 ,QFOXLGD HQHO$SpQGLFH,,GH&LWHV&DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_2 0&! ;(%! )/$&)(%! .$! ;(! P#*&-H/*(! =;9-&()*.!&.*#/&RQZD\*yPH]$VRFLDFLyQ \OD$PD]RQLDHQ&RORPELDHOVXUYHQH]RODQR\GH%UDE &RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD,8&1 VLOHOQRUWHGH%ROLYLDQRURULHQWHGH3HU~\ORVGUHQDMHV FDULEHxRV GH ODV *X\DQDV )ULW] +DYDä 5XHGD KL%#+M+*_(VWDHVSHFLHHVFRQVLGHUDGDXQDOLPHQWRLPE SRUWDQWH HQ OD GLHWD GH DOJXQDV FRPXQLGDGHV D OR ODUJR =;9-&()*.!&.*#/)HUURQDWR&.*#/ GHWRGDVXGLVWULEXFLyQ(Q%ROLYLDSRUHMHPSORKDFHSDUE R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_ 3UHVHQWH HQ FXHUSRV GH WHGHXQRGHORVSODWRVPiVDSHWHFLGRVHQFHOHEUDFLRQHV DJXDEODQFDHQOD$PD]RQLDHQORVVLVWHPDVGHDJXDEODQE &()*-&(;$%!6!$&!$;!)-9$#)*-G!0&!0)/(.-#!%$!A(!#$:*%'#(.-! FDGHO*XD\DEHUR&DJXiQ\HOEDMR0LULWt3DUDQi7DPELpQ JUDQDFWLYLGDGGHH[WUDFFLyQLOtFLWDGHELGRDODULTXH]DQXE HQ ODVFXHQFDVGHORV/ODQRV2ULHQWDOHV HQ ORVGHSDUWDE WULFLRQDOGHVXFDUQH\KXHYRV3RURWURODGRGHELGRDODV 9$&'-%!.$!=9(>-&(%2!=#(/)(2!7(H/$'N2!7(%(&(#$2!D/(*&@(2! PDUFDV FHIiOLFDV VREUHVDOLHQWHV GH ODV FUtDV HVWDV KDFHQ *XDYLDUH 0HWD 3XWXPD\R9DXSpV \9LFKDGD &DVWDxR SDUWH GH OD YHQWD FRPR PDVFRWDV &DVWDxR0RUD 0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ&RE 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.! &.* #/ &RQZD\*yPH] ORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD ,8&1 63 Nombre común Chelidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Mesoclemmys raniceps (Gray, 1856) AMAZONIA Charapa, jará, charapita de aguajal, Amazon toad-headed turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDDFXiWLFDFDUE QtYRUD \ QRFWXUQD VH DOLPHQWD SULQFLSDOPHQWH GH LQVHFWRV ORPEULFHV UDQDV \ SHFHV (V GH WDPDxR JUDQGH(OFDSDUD]yQWLHQH XQDORQJLWXG WRWDOSURE PHGLRGHFP(VRYDODGRSODQRFDVLOLVRSRVHH /&(!H/*;;(!-!)(#$&(!)$&'#(;!$&!5/<$&*;$%!6!$%!.$!)-;-#! QHJUR(OSODVWUyQHVFyQFDYRGHFRORUFDIpRVFXUR FRQORVERUGHVDPDULOORV/DFDEH]DHVSURPLQHQWH FRQODSDUWHYHQWUDODPDULOOD\ODVHVFDPDVGHFRORU FDIpRVFXUR7LHQHEDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRVODUJRV \HOFXHOORSUHVHQWDSURWXEHUDQFLDVSXQWLDJXGDV/DV SDWDV VRQ FRPSOHWDPHQWH SDOPHDGDV WLHQHQ FLQFR :(##(%!$&!;(%!$1'#$9*.(.$%!(&'$#*-#$%!6!%-;-!)/('#-! HQ ODV SRVWHULRUHV /RV PDFKRV WLHQHQ OD FDEH]D \ 64 AMAZONIA HOFXHUSRPiVUHGXFLGRTXHHOGHODVKHPEUDVHQ HVWRVODORQJLWXGGHODFRODHVPD\RU\HOSODVWUyQHV 9N%!)+&)(<-!6!$%)-'(.-!)$#)(!(!;-%!$%)/.-%!(&(;$%! (UQHVW&.*#/5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG `a?&$+$_29LYHHQDPELHQWHVOpQWLFRVSRFRSURIXQE GRV FDxRV DUUR\RV \ UtRV GH ERVTXH SUtVWLQR (Q LQYLHUQRKDELWDODVHOYDLQXQGDGD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/G2!JKKOFG R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_!P#*$&'$!.$!0)/(.-#!$&!;(%! SURYLQFLDVGH6XFXPEtRV\2UHOODQD3HU~/RUHWR 0DGUHGH'LRV3DVFR\8FD\DOLQRUWHGH%ROLYLD QRUWHGH %UDVLO$FUH0DWR*URVVR 3DUi5RQGRE QLD5RUDLPDVXUGH9HQH]XHOD\&RORPELD%RXU =DKHU)ULW]+DYDä5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/G2!JKKOFG 8&*$+2 9":+2 2 ;2 !&$%*_ (VSHFLH FRQVLGHUDGD FRPR QR DPHQD]DGD SRU OD 8,&1 H LQFOXLGD HQ OD FDWHE JRUtDGH3UHRFXSDFLyQ0HQRU/&DQLYHOPXQGLDO 1R HVWi LQFOXLGD HQ ORV$SpQGLFHV GH &LWHV )ULW] +DYDä5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/$VRE FLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD,8&1 R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 "#$%$&'$! $&! ;-%! GHSDUWDPHQWRV GH $PD]RQDV &DTXHWi *XDLQtD 3XWXPD\R \9DXSpV )ULW] +DYDä 5XHGD =;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD KL%#+M+*_23-%!*&.*<*./-%!(./;'-%!6!&$-&('-%!&-! %-&!)-9$#)*(;*>(.-%2!(/&H/$!%/!)(#&$!$%!)-&%/9*.(! FRQEDMDIUHFXHQFLDHQHO3HU~)ULW]+DYDä 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/,8&1 65 Nombre común Chelidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) AMAZONIA Bachala, teparo, charapa, Schweigger´s side-necked turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDDFXiWLFDFDUE QtYRUDGLXUQDVHDOLPHQWDSUHIHUHQFLDOPHQWHGHLQE VHFWRV\RWURVLQYHUWHEUDGRVDFXiWLFRV\SHFHV(O FDSDUD]yQSXHGHDOFDQ]DUKDVWDFPGHODUJRHV RYDODGR \ DSODQDGR QHJUR R FDIp RVFXUR XQ SRFR PiV DOWR HQ OD SDUWH LQPHGLDWDPHQWH SRVWHULRU D OD PLWDG GHO FXHUSR FRQ TXLOOD R FDUHQD YHUWHEUDO \FRPSOHWDPHQWHOLVRHQHOPDUJHQ(OSODVWUyQHV DQFKR\GHFRORUDPDULOORRVFXUR/DFDEH]DHVPX\ SHTXHxD \ DQJRVWD \ SUHVHQWD SHTXHxDV HVFDPDV *##$:/;(#$%! 6! %/%! #$:*-&$%! .-#%(;! 6! ;('$#(;! %-&! .$! FRORUJULVROLYD$ORVODGRVGHODFDEH]D\HOFXHOOR SUHVHQWD OtQHDV DOWHUQDGDV EODQFDV \ QHJUDV7LHQH EDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRV(QORVMXYHQLOHVWDQWRHO SODVWUyQFRPRHOODGRLQIHULRUGHORVHVFXGRVPDUE :*&(;$%!6!;(!:(#:(&'(!%-&!.$!)-;-#!#-5-!)-&!9(#)(%! 66 AMAZONIA QHJUDV HVWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VRQ FODYHV SDUD LGHQE WLÀFDU D OD HVSHFLH HQ ORV HVWDGLRV LQPDGXURV /DV SDWDVVRQSDOPHDGDVFRQFLQFRJDUUDVHQODVH[WUHE PLGDGHVDQWHULRUHV\FXDWURHQODVSRVWHULRUHV/RV PDFKRVVRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDVGHFROD PiVODUJD\JUXHVD\SUHVHQWDQXQDPD\RUGLVWDQFLD FORDFDO(UQHVW&.*#/5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! JKKOFG `a?&$+$_29LYHHQUtRVODJRV\ODJXQDVOpQWLFRVFRQ PXFKDYHJHWDFLyQSUHVHQWHVHQERVTXHVGHJDOHUtD 6!$&!(:/(%!)-&'(9*&(.(%!$&!)$#)(&@(!(!9$.*-%!/#E EDQRV(UQHVW&.*#/5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! JKKOFG 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_26HFRQVLGHUDFRPRQRDPHE QD]DGDHLQFOXLGDHQODFDWHJRUtDGH3UHRFXSDFLyQ 0HQRU /& D QLYHO PXQGLDO 1R VH HQFXHQWUD HQ R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_2 4$:*-&$%! &-#-))*.$&'(;$%! ORV$SpQGLFHVGH&LWHV(UQHVW&.*#/5XHGD \ FHQWUDOHV GH 6XUDPpULFD GHVGH HO VXURULHQWH GH =;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH &RORPELD\3HU~%ROLYLD3DUDJXD\HOVXU\RFFLGHQE +HUSHWRORJtD,8&1 WHGH%UDVLOHOQRUWHGH$UJHQWLQD\8UXJXD\%DOGR &.*#/)ULW]+DYDä5XHGD$OPRQDFLG KL%#+M+*_2 1R VH SUHVHQWDQ PD\RUHV DPHQD]DV SDUDHVWDHVSHFLH6LQHPEDUJRHQODWULEX'HVDQD &.*#/G2!JKKOFG GHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO9DXSpVHVFRQVLGHUDGDFRPR R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2"#$%$&'$!$&!;(!#$:*+&! XQHOHPHQWRPiJLFR\KDFHSDUWHGHORVULWXDOHVVDE $PD]yQLFD\HQOD2ULQRTXLD(QORVGHSDUWDPHQE JUDGRVSHURVXFDUQHHVSRFRFRQVXPLGD(UQHVW&.* '-%!.$!=9(>-&(%2!7(H/$'N2!7(%(&(#$2!D/(*&@(2!M$'(2! #/5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/,8&1 3XWXPD\R9DXSpV \9LFKDGD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD 67 Nombre común Chelidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Platemys platycephala (Schneider, 1792) AMAZONIA Charapita de altura, charapita, charapita de aguajal, Lala twist-necked turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLFD 'HWDPDxRSHTXHxRDOFDQ]DFPHQHOFDVRGH ORV PDFKRV DGXOWRV \ FP HQ ODV KHPEUDV (O FDSDUD]yQ HV HOtSWLFR DSODQDGR GH FRORU FDIp FRQ SLJPHQWDFLyQDPDULOOD\HVWiDWUDYHVDGRSRUXQVXUE FR SURIXQGR ORQJLWXGLQDO D OR ODUJR GH WRGRV ORV HVFXGRVYHUWHEUDOHVGHOLPLWDGRVSRUGRVTXLOODVR FDUHQDVODWHUDOHVPX\ELHQPDUFDGDV/DFDEH]DHV SODQDFRQODUHJLyQGRUVDOGHFRORUDPDULOORQDUDQE MD(OFXHOORWLHQHQXPHURVRVWXEpUFXORVFyQLFRV\ HVWiERUGHDGRDODGR\ODGRSRUXQDDQFKDEDQGD DPDULOOD3RVHHEDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRV/DVSDWDV 68 AMAZONIA VRQHVFDVDPHQWHSDOPHDGDVFRQFLQFRJDUUDVHQODV H[WUHPLGDGHVDQWHULRUHV\FXDWURHQODVSRVWHULRE UHV7LHQHXQDFRODFRUWDGHFRORUQHJUR/RVPDE FKRVVRQPiVJUDQGHVTXHODVKHPEUDV\HQHVWDVHO H[WUHPRSRVWHULRUGHOSODVWUyQHVWiGREODGRKDFLD DUULED5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/%DUULR$PRE UyVÌxLJR1DUEDL]D `a?&$+$_29LYHHQiUHDVUHODWLYDPHQWHSRFRKDELWDE GDV 'DGR VX WDPDxR SHTXHxR IUHFXHQWD FXHUSRV GHDJXDSRFRSURIXQGRVFRPRSDQWDQRV&DVWDxR 0RUDD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQR DPHQD]DGDSRUOD8,&1HLQFOXLGDHQODFDWHJRUtD GH 3UHRFXSDFLyQ 0HQRU /& D QLYHO PXQGLDO 1R R&*$)&?/,&-#2 1%#%)+@_2 6H HQFXHQWUD HQ HO QRURE HVWi LQFOXLGD HQ ORV $SpQGLFHV GH &LWHV 5XHGD ULHQWHGH6XUDPpULFDHQODVFXHQFDVGHO&DULEHGH =;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH 9HQH]XHOD \ ODV *XD\DQDV \ HQ HO$PD]RQDV WDPE +HUSHWRORJtD,8&1 ELpQ HVWi SUHVHQWH HQ ODV SDUWHV DOWDV GH ORV UtRV 3XUXV-XUXi<DYDUL\3XWXPD\R)ULW]+DYDä KL%#+M+*_2 1R HV PX\ DSHWHFLGD SDUD FRQVXPR KXPDQRQLSHUVHJXLGDSDUDHOPHUFDGRGHPDVFRE 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/G2!JKKOFG WDV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/,8&1 R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_26HHQFXHQWUDSULQFLE SDOPHQWHHQHOVXURULHQWHHQODFXHQFDGHO$PD]RE QDV (Q ORV GHSDUWDPHQWRV GH$PD]RQDV &DTXHWi 3XWXPD\R9LFKDGD\9DXSpV&DVWDxR0RUDD &HEDOORV)RQVHFD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/G2! $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD 69 Nombre común Familia Chelidae :PQVMUa[Z]ÅXM[ (Spix, 1824) AMAZONIA Tortuga achiote, tortuga de cabeza roja, Cágado vermelho, Red-footed sideneck turtle 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDRPQtYRUDGH KiELWRVQRFWXUQRVFRQXQDORQJLWXGDSUR[LPDGDGH FP(OFDSDUD]yQHVGHFRORUJULVRVFXURRFDIp RVFXUR(OSODVWUyQHVDPDULOOR/DFDEH]DFXHOOR\ $1'#$9*.(.$%!%-&!.$!)-;-#!#-5-2!;-!)/(;!$%!)(#()'$E UtVWLFRSDUDODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHODHVSHFLH/DFDEH]D HV SHTXHxD \ DQJRVWD FRQ QDULQDV SURPLQHQWHV \ SRVHH XQD EDQGD GH FRORU QHJUR TXH YD GHVGH HO $1'#$9-! .$;! A-)*)-! A(%'(! $;! )/$;;-! 6! ('#(<*$%(! $;! RMR\HOWtPSDQR\RWUDEDQGDQHJUDHQWUHODVRUELE WDV3UHVHQWDEDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRVFRUWRV/DV SDWDV VRQ SDOPHDGDV FRQ FLQFR JDUUDV HQ ODV H[E 70 AMAZONIA WUHPLGDGHVDQWHULRUHV\SRUORJHQHUDOWUHVHQODV SRVWHULRUHV/RVPDFKRVVRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODV KHPEUDV\HQHVWRVODFRODHVPiVODUJD\JUXHVD\HO SODVWUyQHVFyQFDYR0F&RUG&.*#/&DVWDxR 0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ 5XL] &.* #/;GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG R HVFRQGLGD HQ OD KRMDUDVFD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/5XL]&.*#/GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB; .&).-60,&);2"4F 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_6HHQFXHQWUDHQODFDWHJRUtD 3UHRFXSDFLyQ0HQRU/&DQLYHOPXQGLDO\FRPR &DVL$PHQD]DGD17DQLYHOQDFLRQDOSRUOD8,&1 R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_6XUGH&RORPELD\QRUWH 1RHVWiLQFOXLGDHQORV$SpQGLFHVGH&LWHV&DVWDE GH%UDVLO5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG xR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/5XL] &.* #/ (VWUDGD*RQ]iOH] &.* #/ $VRFLDE R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 "#$%$&'$! $&! ;(%! #$E FLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD :*-&$%!.$!;(!=9(>-&*(!6!$;!$%)/.-!D/6(&C%!6!$&!;(%! FXHQFDVEDMDVGHORVUtRV$SDSRULV3LUi3DUDQi\3DE KL%#+M+*_2 3RU VX GLVWULEXFLyQ UHVWULQJLGD EDMDV SXULGHO$PD]RQDV(QORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH$PDE GHQVLGDGHV SREODFLRQDOHV \ UHTXHULPLHQWRV GH KiE ]RQDV *XDLQtD \9DXSpV %DUWOHWW %DWOHWW ELWDWWLHQGHDYHUVHDIHFWDGDSRUODVDFWLYLGDGHVDQE 6RX]D)ULW]+DYDä5XHGD$OPRQDFLG WUySLFDV6XVSULQFLSDOHVDPHQD]DVVRQHOFRQVXPR &.*#/$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORE GHKXHYRV\ODFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQSRUORVSREODGRUHV JtD DPD]yQLFRV &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDE )*.!&.*#/5XL]&.*#/;(VWUDGD*RQ]iOH] `a?&$+$_29LYHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHQDUUR\RVERVFRVRV &.*#/G2!JKKLFG RUtRVGHDJXDVSRFRSURIXQGDV(VWDHVSHFLHHVPX\ UDUD\DTXHSDVDHOWLHPSRVXPHUJLGDHQHOIRQGR 71 Nombre común Podocnemidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Podocnemis sextuberculata (Cornalia, 1849) AMAZONIA Cupiso, iaçá, pitiú, Six-tubercled Amazon river turtle Familia !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_7RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLFD TXHDOFDQ]DXQDORQJLWXGPi[LPDGHFPVLHQGR XQD GH ODV WRUWXJDV PiV SHTXHxDV GHO JpQHUR 821 62$,&'0) (O FDSDUD]yQ HV FRQYH[R \ HQ IRUPD GH GRPR GHSULPLGR DPSOLR KDFLD OD PLWDG SRVWHULRU GHFRORUJULVFDIpXROLYDDPDULOORFRQXQDTXLOODR FDUHQDVREUHHOVHJXQGR\WHUFHUHVFXGRYHUWHEUDO (OSODVWUyQHVGHFRORUDPDULOOHQWRRFDIpJULViFHR FRQWXEpUFXORVFDUDFWHUtVWLFRVELHQGHVDUUROODGRV TXHGHVDSDUHFHQFRQODHGDGDXQTXHHQORVDGXOWRV 72 AMAZONIA VRORVRQYLVLEOHV\HVWiQXELFDGRVVREUHORVHVFXE GRVSHFWRUDOHV7LHQHXQEDUELFHORPHQWRQLDQRFRUE WR\JUXHVRDOJXQDVYHFHVSXHGHSUHVHQWDU/RV PDFKRV VRQ PiV SHTXHxRV TXH ODV KHPEUDV \ HQ HVWRVODFRODHVPiVODUJD\JUXHVD&DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG `a?&$+$_29LYHHQFDxRVPDGUHYLHMDV\UtRVJUDQGHV GHDJXDVEODQFDVODJXQDVUHEDOVHV\iUHDVGHLQXQE GDFLyQFXELHUWDVSRUVHOYD5HEHOR3H]]XWWL 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/;2!JKKOFG! 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_26HHQFXHQWUDFDWDORJDGDFRPR 9XOQHUDEOH 98 D QLYHO PXQGLDO \ QDFLRQDO SRU OD 8,&1 ,QFOXLGD HQ HO$SpQGLFH ,, GH &LWHV 6PLWK &DVWDxR0RUD D 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD ,8&1 R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_(Q&RORPELD%UDVLO\3HU~ 8$%.$! ;(!=9(>-&*(! -#*$&'(;! 6! $;! %/#-#*$&'$! .$! ;(! 7/$&)(!.$;!=9(>-&(%!A(%'(!$;!&-#'$!.$!?#(%*;2!%/E URULHQWHGH&RORPELD\QRURULHQWHGH3HU~6RLQL 5HEHOR3H]]XWWL5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.* KL%#+M+*_ 6X SULQFLSDO DPHQD]D HV OD UHFROHFE #/;2!JKKOFG FLyQGHKXHYRV\DGXOWRVSRUFRPXQLGDGHVORFDOHV R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2"#$%$&'$!$&!;(!)/$&E SDUDHOFRPHUFLRLOHJDO6PLWK&DVWDxR0RUD FDGHO$PD]RQDV\ODVFXHQFDVEDMDVGHORVUtRV$PDE D*DUFtD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ ]RQDV&DTXHWi\3XWXPD\R(QORVGHSDUWDPHQWRV ,8&1 GH$PD]RQDV\9DXSpV&DVWDxR0RUDD&HE EDOORV)RQVHFD &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD =;9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD 73 Tortuga nariguda, palmera, Cabeza pintada, Colombian wood turtle Familia Geoemydidae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLE FDGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHFPGHODUJR(OFDSDUDE >+&!$%!-<(;(.-2!9N%!(;'-!$&!;(!>-&(!.$;(&'$#(2!.$! FRORUQHJURQRWLHQHXQDTXLOODPX\GHVDUUROODGD \ODVXSHUÀFLHHVDUUXJDGD(OSODVWUyQHVGHFRORU FDIpRVFXURFRQORVERUGHV\FLVXUDVDPDULOODV/D 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Rhinoclemmys melanosterna (Gray, 1861) FDEH]DHVSHTXHxDQHJUD\SUHVHQWDXQDOtQHDTXH YDGHVGHHODPDULOORYHUGRVRDOURMRQDUDQMDHVWD SXHGHVHUFRQWLQXDRGLVFRQWLQXDGHVGHDQWHVGH ORV RMRV SDVDQGR HQFLPD GH HOORV KDVWD XQ SRFR DQWHV GHO FXHOOR WDPELpQ VH SXHGH SUHVHQWDU GH IRUPDUHGXFLGDVREUHHOWtPSDQRHLQFOXVRVHUWDQ 74 AMPLIA DISTRIBUCIÓN Nombre común AMPLIA DISTRIBUCIÓN VRORGRVSHTXHxDVPDQFKDVGHOPLVPRFRORUHQOD UHJLyQ SDULHWDO (Q RFDVLRQHV OD UDQIRWHFD LQIHULRU UHJLyQ PDQGLEXODU SUHVHQWD PDQFKDV QHJUDV (O LULVHVDPDULOORREODQFRDYHFHVFRQXQDUD\DQHJUD ORQJLWXGLQDOFUX]DQGRODSXSLOD/DQDUL]HVSXQWLDJXE GD/DVSDWDVVRQSDOPHDGDVDPDULOORRFUHRQDUDQE 5(!)-&!&/9$#-%(%!9(&)A(%!&$:#/>)(%G!3-%!9()A-%! VRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHODVKHPEUDVHVWRVWLHQHQHO FDSDUD]yQPiVDSODQDGR\ODFRODPiVODUJD&DVWDE xR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ 6,% ! R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_2'HVGHOD&RVWD&DULEHGHO %/#-#*$&'$! .$! "(&(9N! A(%'(! $;! &-#-))*.$&'$! .$;! (FXDGRU5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 6H GLVWULEX\H D OR ODUJRGHOD5HJLyQ3DFtÀFDHQOD]RQDRFFLGHQWDO\ FHQWUDOGHO&DULEH\HQHOUtR0DJGDOHQDGHVGH/HE EULMDKDVWD6DQWDQGHU3UHVHQWHHQORVGHSDUWDPHQE '-%!.$!=&'*-H/*(2!=';N&'*)-2!?-;@<(#2!?-6()N2!7(;.(%2! &DXFD &HVDU &KRFy &yUGRED &XQGLQDPDUFD /D *XDMLUD0DJGDOHQD1DULxR6DQWDQGHU6XFUH\9DOOH GHO &DXFD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ $VRFLDE FLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD6,% `a?&$+$_2(VXQDWRUWXJDDFXiWLFDSHURVHHQFXHQE WUDFRQUHJXODULGDGIXHUDGHODJXD(QJHQHUDOHVWi HQDJXDVFRQSRFDRQLQJXQDFRUULHQWHGHQWURGHO ERVTXH\SUHÀHUHODV]RQDVSDQWDQRVDVFRQPXFKR SDVWR&DVWDxR0RUD6,% 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQR DPHQD]DGDSRUOD8,&1HLQFOXLGDHQODFDWHJRUtD 3UHRFXSDFLyQ 0HQRU /& D QLYHO PXQGLDO 1R LQE FOXLGDHQORV$SpQGLFHVGH&LWHV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/;$VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORE JtD KL%#+M+*_2/DVSULQFLSDOHVDPHQD]DVVRQODFD]D \DTXHHVPX\IiFLOGHFDSWXUDU\ODTXHPDGHSDVE WL]DOHV HQ OD HVWDFLyQ VHFD &DVWDxR0RUD 4/$.(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/6,% 75 Tapaculo liso, bipuámia, caná, White-lipped mud turtle Familia Kinosternidae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_7RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLE FDRPQtYRUD\QRFWXUQDVHDOLPHQWDHVSHFLDOPHQE WH GH UHQDFXDMRV SHFHV \ PROXVFRV 'H WDPDxR SHTXHxRTXHSXHGHDOFDQ]DUDFPGHODUJR (OFDSDUD]yQHVREORQJR\DSODQDGRGHFRORUFDIp \ORVHVFXGRVPDUJLQDOHVVRQDFDPSDQDGRV(QORV MXYHQLOHVHOFDSDUD]yQSUHVHQWDXQDTXLOODRFDUHQD 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Kinosternon leucostomum (Duméril & Bibron, 1851) (OSODVWUyQHVDQFKR\GHFRORUDPDULOOR/DFDEH]D HVELFRORUHDGDFDIpRVFXUDVREUHODUHJLyQGRUVDO \ DPDULOOD HQ OD UHJLyQ YHQWUDO LQFOXLGD OD UDQIRE WHFD VXSHULRU UHJLyQ PD[LODU 3RVHH XQD DQFKD EDQGDSRVWRUELWDOGHFRORUDPDULOORDDPERVODGRV GHOFXHOORERUGHDGDVXSHULRUHLQIHULRUPHQWHSRU OtQHDVGHFRORUFDIpRVFXURODEDQGDWLHQGHDGHVE 76 AMPLIA DISTRIBUCIÓN Nombre común AMPLIA DISTRIBUCIÓN <(&$)$#%$! (! 9$.*.(! H/$! ;-%! *&.*<*./-%! $&<$5$)$&! \HVUHPSOD]DGDSRUXQDPH]FODGHSXQWRVGHFRE ORUDPDULOOR\FDIp7LHQHEDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRV XQSDUDQWHULRUPiVODUJRTXHHOSDUSRVWHULRU/DV SDWDVVRQSDOPHDGDV/RVPDFKRVVRQPiVJUDQGHV TXHODVKHPEUDV\HQHVWRVODFRODHVPiVODUJD\ FRQXQDHVSLQDWHUPLQDOVLQSUHVHQFLDGHWXEpUFXORV HQORVPXVORV(UQHVW&.*#/5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.*#/G2!JKKOFG 7ROLPD9DOOHGHO&DXFD&DVWDxR0RUD5XHE .(E=;9-&()*.!&.*#/5KRGLQ&.*#/$VRE FLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD0HGLQD 5DQJHO R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_2'HVGH9HUDFUX]HQ0p[LFR KDVWD ODV WLHUUDV EDMDV GHO 3DFtÀFR HFXDWRULDQR 6H GLVWULEX\H HQ ORV GUHQDMHV GHO$WOiQWLFR GHVGH 1LE FDUDJXDKDVWDDOJXQDVUHJLRQHVSDQDPHxDV\HQHO $WOiQWLFR \ 3DFtÀFR FRORPELDQRV \ DO QRURFFLGHQE WHGH3HU~&LVQHURV+HUHGLD)ULW]+DYDä 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ 5KRGLQ &.* #/G2! 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRQR DPHQD]DGDSRUOD8,&1HLQFOXLGDHQODFDWHJRUtD GH 3UHRFXSDFLyQ 0HQRU /& D QLYHO PXQGLDO 1R HVWiLQFOXLGDHQORV$SpQGLFHVGH&LWHV&LVQHURV +HUHGLD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ $VRE FLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD,8&1 R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2"#$%$&'$!$&!;-%!.$E SDUWDPHQWRVGH$QWLRTXLD$WOiQWLFR%ROtYDU%R\DE Fi&DOGDV&DXFD&HVDU&KRFy&yUGRED&XQGLQDE PDUFD +XLOD 0DJGDOHQD 1DULxR 6DQWDQGHU 6XFUH `a?&$+$_2 9LYH HQ DJXDV OpQWLFDV GH PXFKD WXUELE GH] FRQ DEXQGDQWHV SODQWDV DFXiWLFDV \ GH ERUGH DGHPiVGHFXHUSRVGHDJXDWHPSRUDOHV\HVWXDULRV 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG KL%#+M+*_26XVSULQFLSDOHVDPHQD]DVVRQHOFRQE VXPRKXPDQR\HOWUiÀFRLOHJDOHQDOJXQDVUHJLRQHV GH&RORPELD\(FXDGRU'HOD7RUUH&LVQHE URV+HUHGLD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ ,8&1 77 Tapaculo común, tortuga-pecho quebrado, casquito, Scorpion mud turtle Familia Kinosternidae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD VHPLDFXiWLFD RPQtYRUD FRQVXPH YDULRV WLSRV GH LQYHUWHEUDGRV DFXiWLFRVSHFHVHLQFOXVRFDUURxD'HWDPDxRJUDQGH SXHGHDOFDQ]DUFPGHODUJR(OFDSDUD]yQHVDODUJDE GRRYDODGRGHFRORUFDIpFODURDRVFXURRQHJURFRQ WUHVTXLOODVRFDUHQDVFODUDPHQWHGHÀQLGDVHQHOFDSDE UD]yQGHORVLQGLYLGXRVDGXOWRV(OSODVWUyQHVDQFKR 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766) FRQOyEXORVH[SDQGLGRV\GHFRORUPDUUyQ/DFDEH]D HVPRGHUDGDPHQWHJUDQGHFRQHOKRFLFRSUR\HFWDGR GHFRORUJULVRFDIpPRWHDGDGHDPDULOOR/DUDQIRWHE FDVXSHULRUHLQIHULRUUHJLRQHVPD[LODU\PDQGLEXODU SXHGHQVHUGHFRORUDPDULOORFRQDOJXQDVUD\DVRVFXE UDV3RVHHJUDQGHVEDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDQRVDQWHULRE UHVVHJXLGRVGHREDUELFHORVGHPHQRUWDPDxR/D 78 AMPLIA DISTRIBUCIÓN Nombre común AMPLIA DISTRIBUCIÓN FRODÀQDOL]DKDELWXDOPHQWHHQXQDXxD/RVPDFKRVVRQ GHPD\RUWDPDxRFRQODFDEH]DPiVJUDQGH\SLJPHQE WDGDODUDQIRWHFDVXSHULRUUHJLyQPD[LODUPiVSURPLE QHQWHODFRODPiVODUJD\HOSODVWUyQPiVFyQFDYRHQ FRPSDUDFLyQ FRQ ODV KHPEUDV 6FKPLGW 5XHGD =;9-&()*.! &.* #/ 0F&UDQLH GLVSRQLEOH HQ %..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4H*%..3@AAF03$26&F22;$2'FG R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_2$PpULFD&HQWUDO\6XUDPpULFD GHVGH0p[LFRKDVWD$UJHQWLQD(VWDHVSHFLHVHHQFXHQE WUDGHVGHHOVXUGH3DQDPi(FXDGRUHOQRUWHGH3HU~ %/#!.$!?-;*<*(!6!$;!&-#'$!.$!=#:$&'*&(!A(%'(!$;!-#*$&'$! 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GH ORV UtRV &DXFD 6LQ~$UDXFD &DVDQDUH 0HWD 2ULE QRFR7RPR9LFKDGD *XDYLDUH ,QtULGD 3XWXPD\R DOWR &DTXHWi&DJXiQ<DUt$SDSRULV9DXSpV*XDLQtD\$PDE ]RQDV (Q ORV GHSDUWDPHQWRV GH$PD]RQDV$QWLRTXLD =#(/)(2! =';N&'*)-2! ?-;@<(#2! 7(;.(%2! 7(H/$'N2! 7(%(&(#$2! &HVDU&KRFy&yUGRED*XDLQtD0DJGDOHQD0HWD1DE ULxR1RUWHGH6DQWDQGHU3XWXPD\R6DQ$QGUpV6XFUH 9DXSpV \9LFKDGD &HEDOORV)RQVHFD 5XHGD$OE 9-&()*.! &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUE SHWRORJtDGLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG `a?&$+$_29LYHHQFXDOTXLHUFXHUSRGHDJXDVRPHUDHQ FXUVRVGHDJXDWHPSRUDOHVRSHUPDQHQWHVDUUR\RVUtRV ODJRV\HVWDQTXHVGHGLIHUHQWHVHFRVLVWHPDV&DVWDxR 0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOF 8&*$+2 9":+2 ;2 !&$%*_ (VSHFLH FRQVLGHUDGD FRPR QR DPHQD]DGD SRU OD 8,&1 H LQFOXLGD HQ OD FDWHJRUtD GH 3UHRFXSDFLyQ0HQRU/&DQLYHOPXQGLDO1RHVWiLQE FOXLGD HQ ORV $SpQGLFHV GH &LWHV &HEDOORV)RQVHFD &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/;2! $VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD KL%#+M+*_6HFRQVXPHLQWHQVDPHQWHHQOD&RVWD$WE OiQWLFDFRORPELDQD\HQ0DUDFDLERHQ9HQH]XHODLJXDOE PHQWHHVPX\DSHWHFLGDHQ%UDVLOGRQGHODKDFHQSDVDU SRUFDQJUHMRUHOOHQR&HEDOORV)RQVHFD&DVWDxR 0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2!JKKOFG 79 Morrocoy, morrocoyo, morrocón, Red-footed tortoise Familia Testudinidae !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD WHUUHVWUH GLXUQD RPQtYRUD FRQVXPH SODQWDV SHTXHxRV LQE YHUWHEUDGRVKRQJRVFDUURxD\KHFHV(VGHWDPDE xRPHGLDQRSXHGHDOFDQ]DUKDVWDFPGHODUJR (O FDSDUD]yQ WLHQH IRUPD GH GRPR HV GH FRORU QHJURDFDIpRVFXURFRQXQDPDQFKDFHQWUDOQtWLGD DPDULOODDQDUDQMDRURML]DSUHVHQWHHQFDGDXQR 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824) GHORVHVFXGRVYHUWHEUDOHV\FRVWDOHV(OSODVWUyQ HVGHFRORUFUHPDSXHGHSUHVHQWDUPDQFKDVQHE :#/>)(%!A()*(!$;!)$&'#-G!3(%!$%)(9(%!.$;!.-#%-!.$! ODFDEH]DVRQDPDULOORQDUDQMDRURMDVDOLJXDOTXH ODV GH ODV SDWDV /DV SDWDV VRQ JUXHVDV \ UREXVE WDVVLPLODUHVDODVGHXQHOHIDQWHFRQJDUUDVELHQ .$%(##-;;(.(%G!0&!;-%!(./;'-%!;-%!9()A-%!%-&!9N%! 80 AMPLIA DISTRIBUCIÓN Nombre común AMPLIA DISTRIBUCIÓN JUDQGHVTXHODVKHPEUDVWLHQHQHOSODVWUyQFyQFDYR `a?&$+$_29LYHHQERVTXHVGHJDOHUtDERUGHGHVDE \ODFRODPiVODUJD\JUXHVD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/;E* EDQDVSDVWL]DOHV\ERVTXHVVHFRV7LHQHSUHIHUHQE FLDSRUODViUHDVDELHUWDV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/;E* 0HGLQD5DQJHO&.*#/; 0HGLQD5DQJHO&.*#/ R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_23DQDPi&RORPELD9HQHE >/$;(2!D/(6(&(%2!?#(%*;2!?-;*<*(2!"(#(:/(62!=#:$&'*&(! 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_2(VSHFLHFRQVLGHUDGDHQODFDE H LVODV GHO &DULEH 7ULQLGDG \ $QWLOODV &DVWDxR WHJRUtDGH3UHRFXSDFLyQ0HQRU/&DQLYHOPXQE 0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/0HGLQD GLDO\(Q3HOLJUR&UtWLFR&5DQLYHOQDFLRQDOSRU OD ,8&1 6H HQFXHQWUD HQ HO$SpQGLFH ,, GH &LWHV 4(&:$;!&.*#/ &DVWDxR0RUD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ R&*$)&?/,&-#2 %#2 !"@"L?&+_2 "#$%$&'$! $&! ;(%! $VRFLDFLyQ&RORPELDQDGH+HUSHWRORJtD0HE OODQXUDV GH OD UHJLyQ &DULEH HO YDOOH LQWHUDQGLQR .*&(E4(&:$;!&.*#/ GHO 0DJGDOHQD KDVWD +RQGD 7ROLPD \ ORV /ODQRV 2ULHQWDOHV3UHVHQWHHQORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH$QE KL%#+M+*_2 6XV SULQFLSDOHV DPHQD]DV VRQ OD GHVE '*-H/*(2!=#(/)(2!=';N&'*)-2!?-;@<(#2!7(;.(%2!7(H/$'N2! WUXFFLyQ\GHJUDGDFLyQGHVXVKiELWDWVODVREUH[SORE &DVDQDUH&HVDU&KRFy&yUGRED&XQGLQDPDUFD WDFLyQSRUFDFHUtD\HOWUiÀFRLOHJDOGHORVQHRQDWRV *XDLQtD *XDMLUD 0DJGDOHQD 0HWD 6DQWDQGHU 6XE FRPR PDVFRWDV &DVWDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OE FUH7ROLPD\9LFKDGD(Q6DQ$QGUpV\3URYLGHQFLD 9-&()*.!&.*#/G2!JKKO2!M$.*&(E4(&:$;!&.*#/;E* VH FRQVLGHUD FRPR XQD HVSHFLH LQWURGXFLGD &DVE WDxR0RUD 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ $VRFLDFLyQ &RORPELDQD GH +HUSHWRORJtD M$.*&(E4(&:$;!&.*#/ 81 Carranchina, cabezón de Zulia, tortuga montañera, Zulia toad-headed turtle !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*21%#%)+@%*_27RUWXJDVHPLDFXiWLE FD RPQtYRUD VH DOLPHQWD SULQFLSDOPHQWH GH PRE OXVFRV DUWUySRGRV SHFHV \ DQÀELRV 'H JUDQ WDE PDxRSXHGHDOFDQ]DUHQWUHFPGHODUJR(O FDSDUD]yQHVREORQJRDOJRDSODQDGRGHFRORUJULV -%)/#-!-!&$:#-2!)-&!/&!;$<$!%/#)-!$&'#$!$;!%$:/&E Familia Chelidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Mesoclemmys zuliae (Pritchard y Trebbau, 1984) GR\FXDUWRHVFXGRYHUWHEUDO(OSODVWUyQHVGHFRE ORUDPDULOORFRQSLJPHQWDFLyQFDVWDxD/DFDEH]D HVSURPLQHQWHGHFRORUJULVRVFXURFRQODSDUWH GRUVDOOLVDVHJPHQWDGDHQSROtJRQRVLUUHJXODUHVGH JUDQWDPDxR\ODUDQIRWHFDLQIHULRUUHJLyQPDQE GLEXODU WLHQH XQD WHUPLQDFLyQ HQ IRUPD GH JDQE 82 DISTRIBUCIÓN PROBABLE COLOMBIA Nombre común DISTRIBUCIÓN PROBABLE COLOMBIA FKR SXQWLDJXGR /DV QDULQDV VRQ PX\ SUR\HFWDGDV /D SDUWH ODWHUDO GH OD FDEH]D H LQIHULRU GHO FXHOOR %-&! .$! )-;-#! (9(#*;;-! )-&! /&(! ;@&$(! &$:#(! H/$! %$! H[WLHQGH GHVGH HO URVWUR SDVD D WUDYpV GHO RMR \ OOHJDKDVWDHOWtPSDQR3RVHHEDUELFHORVPHQWRQLDE QRVSHTXHxRV/DVSDWDVVRQSDOPHDGDV/RVPDFKRV VRQ PiV SHTXHxRV TXH ODV KHPEUDV \ HQ HVWRV OD FRODHVPiVODUJD\JUXHVD5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! 5KRGLQ&.*#/;GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB; .&).-60,&);2"4FG! WDQGHU(UQHVW&.*#/;5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/G2! GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG `a?&$+$_29LYHHQiUHDVFHQDJRVDVSDQWDQRVFDxRV \SODQRVGHLQXQGDFLyQGHJUDQGHVUtRV(UQHVW&.* #/ 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/ GLVSRQLEOH $&I!%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG 8&*$+29":+2;2!&$%*_6HHQFXHQWUDFDWDORJDGDFRPR 9XOQHUDEOH98SRUOD8,&11RHVWiLQFOXLGDHQ ORV $SpQGLFHV GH &LWHV 5XHGD$OPRQDFLG &.* #/G2! R&*$)&?/,&-#21%#%)+@_!0%!$&.C9*)(!.$!;(!)/$&)(! ,8&1 GH0DUDFDLERHQ9HQH]XHODH[FOXVLYRGHODVFLpQDJDV GHO 3DUTXH 1DFLRQDO &DWDWXPER FLpQDJDV GH -XDQ KL%#+M+*_2 $XQTXH QR SUHVHQWD DPHQD]DV HVSHE 0DQXHO GH$JXDV 1HJUDV \$JXDV %ODQFDV (UQHVW FtÀFDVVXGLVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiÀFDUHVWULQJLGDODKDFH &.*#/)ULW]+DYDä5XHGD$OPRQDFLG YXOQHUDEOH D HYHQWRV R IHQyPHQRV QDWXUDOHV H LQE &.*#/%DUULR$PRUyVÌxLJD1DUEDL]D ÁXHQFLDVDQWUySLFDV5XHGD$OPRQDFLG&.*#/ GLVSRQLEOHHQ%..3@AABBB;.&).-60,&);2"4FG ,8&1 R&*$)&?/,&-#2%#2!"@"L?&+_2(VSRVLEOHTXHKDELE WHODViUHDVDOHGDxDVDOUtR7LE~\DOQRUWHGH9LOOD GHO5RVDULRHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH1RUWHGH6DQE 83 Bachala, charapa, cágado de barbicha, Cotinga river toadhead turtle !+)+,$%)A*$&,+*2 1%#%)+@%*_2 7RUWXJD VHOYiWLFD \ VHPLDFXiWLFD/DVKHPEUDVSXHGHQDOFDQ]DUXQWDE PDxR FP GH ODUJR (O FDSDUD]yQ HV DSODQDGR OLVR \ SRVHH WUHV TXLOODV R FDUHQDV ORQJLWXGLQDOHV TXHODGLIHUHQFLDQGH8;*4&2>>"2#,-)(OSODVWUyQHV .$!)-;-#!#-5-E&(#(&5(!-!(9(#*;;-2!)-&!9(&)A(%!-%E Familia Chelidae 6WUJZMKQMV\yÅKW Phrynops tuberosus (Peters, 1870) FXUDV/DFDEH]DHVSHTXHxD\DQJRVWDFRQXQDOtE &$(!&$:#(!H/$!%$!$1'*$&.$!.$%.$!$;!A-)*)-!A(%'(! 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IURPPLFURVDWHOOLWH'1$GDWD0ROHFXODU(FRORJ\ ² IK85HiJ58K42 <\334 &RQVWDQW 6KLIW DQG 1DWXUDO 7HPSHUDWXUH (IIHFWV RQ 6H[ 'HWHUPLE &('*-&! *&! 8262$,&'0)* &93#,)#7XUWOHV (FRORJ\ G.5EH5972 !472 m2 !42 .X5H42 <\\=4 ,QÁXHQFH RIHQYLURQPHQWDOKXPLGLW\DQGGLHWDU\SURWHLQRQ S\UDPLGDOJURZWKRIFDUDSDFHVLQ$IULFDQVSXUUHG WRUWRLVHV K&2$%&/2,&* )-/$#.# -RXUQDO RI$QLPDO 3K\VLRORJ\$QLPDO1XWULWLRQ iKHS598729472042O5R5O423ZTY42$QHZVSHE FLHVRIFKHOLGWXUWOH3KU\QRSV%DWUDFKHP\VGDKOL IURP &RORPELD %XOO 0XV &RPS =RRO +DUYDUG V j#'&,%2'%2#"L?)%*2'%2%*N%,&%* H"L?)%2,"L]# 1RPEUHFLHQWtÀFR 5%&/2,2060)*$#"72,#"0#E*LM 8/#.&'()*3/#.($&3%#/#E*NL %DFKDOD ,FRWHD 5%&/2,2060)*6&,.0$-/#.#E*OL 8262$,&'0)*&"(.%"2$&3%#/#E*PL %DFKDOD ,JHQVD &KHOXVÀPEULDWXV 8262$,&'0)*&93#,)#E*NM %DFKH 0DWDPDWD 5%&/(6"#*#$-.0"2)."0)E*QO 8262$,&'0)*/&B(#,#E*QR &DEH]DGHWUR]R 0RUURFR\GHSDWDVDPDULOODV C0,2).&",2,*6-,,0E*QL 8262$,&'0)*)&9.-7&"$-/#.#E*SR* &DEH]yQ 0RUURFR\GHSDWDVURMDV C0,2).&",2,*/&-$2).2'-'E*SN 3RGRFQHPLVXQLÀOLV &DEH]yQGH]XOLD 3DOPHUD C0,2).&",2,*)$2"30206&)E*SL 8262$,&'0)*+24/0E*ON &DUUDQFKLQD 6DEDODWHUD :&)2$/&''()*6#%/0E*RL 5KLQHP\VUXÀSHV &KDUDSD$UUDX 6DEDQHUD :&)2$/&''()*4077#E*PR D%0,2$/&''()*#,,-/#.#E*QN &KDUDSD-DUi 7DSDFXORFRP~Q :&)2$/&''()*%&/02).&''#E*PO* D%0,2$/&''()*60#6&'#.#E*OO &KDUDSLWDGHDJXDMDO 7DSDFXOROLVR :&)2$/&''()*"#,0$&3)E*NO D%0,2$/&''()*'&/#,2).&",#E*SO* &KDUDSLWDGHDOWXUD 7HSDUR &KLSLUR 7HUHFD\ :&)2$/&''()*F-/0#&E*LR D%0,2$/&''()*,#)-.#E*OM &XSLVR 7RUWXJDDFKLRWH 8&/.2$&3%#/-)*6-'&"0/0#,-)E*PN !"#$%&'()*$#//0"2)."0)E*QM +LFRWHD 7RUWXJDGHUtR 8%"(,23)*4&2>>"2#,-)E*NN !"#$%&'()*)$"03.#*&/&4#,)E*LN +LFRWHDGHRUHMDVURMDV 7RUWXJDPRQWDxHUD 8%"(,23)*.-7&"2)-)ELO !"#$%&'()*+&,-).#E*OR +XHOHIHR 99 Se terminó de imprimir en la Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia en septiembre de 2012. En esta edición se empleó papel propalcote de 150 g, se utilizaron caracteres Baskerville, Times y Gill Sans MT, en un formato de 21,5 x 14 cm. 100