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The Social World of the Babylonian Pries

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culture & history of the ancient near east
In The Social World of the Babylonian Priest, Bastian Still presents a comprehensive study
of the priestly community of Borsippa during the Neo-Babylonian and early Persian
Empires (ca. 620-484 bce). By examining patterns of marriage, landholding, moneylending, and friendship, he provides an intimate account of the daily life of the
Babylonian priesthood beyond the temple walls and develops a more sophisticated
understanding of the organisation of ancient Babylonian society as a whole.
Combining the use of social network analysis, anthropological studies, and
sociological concepts concerned with kinship, tie strength, social boundaries,
and identity formation, Bastian Still’s interdisciplinary approach transcends the
traditional boundary of cuneiform studies and enables the field of Assyriology
to contribute to a more general socio-historical discourse.
bastian still, Ph.D. (2016), Leiden University, is currently employed as a Postdoctoral
researcher at the American University of Cairo. His research focuses on the history,
culture, and society of Babylonia during the first millennium bce.
Bastian Still • The Social World of the Babylonian Priest
Volume 103
chan
103
The Social World
of the Babylonian Priest
By
Bastian Still
isbn 978-90-04-39995-2
*hIJ0A4|TZ ZVs
issn 1566-2055
brill.com/chan
brill
culture & h istory of th e an cie n t ne ar e ast
The Social World of the Babylonian Priest
Culture and History of the
Ancient Near East
Founding Editor
M.H.E. Weippert
Editor-in-Chief
Jonathan Stökl
Editors
Eckart Frahm
W. Randall Garr
B. Halpern
Theo P.J. van den Hout
Leslie Anne Warden
Irene J. Winter
VOLUME 103
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/chan
The Social World of the
Babylonian Priest
By
Bastian Still
leiden | boston
The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
ISSN 1566-2055
ISBN 978-90-04-39995-2 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-39996-9 (e-book)
Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Contents
Acknowledgments
ix
Figures and Tables
xi
Abbreviations
xii
Introduction
1
1 State of the Art
1
2 Research Questions
4
3 Methodology
5
4 Case Study: the Priestly Community of Borsippa
5 The Babylonian Priest
10
6 The Temple Hierarchy
12
7 Main Protagonists of this Study
15
7.1 Temple-Enterers
15
7.2 Brewers
17
7.3 Bakers
18
7.4 Oxherds
20
7.5 Reed-Workers
22
8 Book Structure
23
6
Part 1
Social Interactions among Priests in Borsippa
1
The Hypergamous Marriage System 27
1 Marriage in Borsippa: Sacerdotal Endogamy
28
2 The Concept of Wife-Giver and Wife-Taker
32
3 Visualising the Marriage Network
35
4 Wife-Givers and Wife-Takers in Borsippa
41
5 Hypergamy in Historical Context
48
6 Wife-Givers and Wife-Takers in the Cult
54
Conclusion
60
2 Landholding 64
1 Hanšû Estates and the Ancestral Family
65
1.1 The Nature of Hanšû Land
66
1.2 The Historical Origins of Hanšû Land in Borsippa
69
1.3 The Motivations behind the Land Allotment Schemes
75
1.4 The Identity of the Beneficiaries
78
vi
Contents
1.5 The Value of Hanšû Land in the Sixth Century BCE
2 Land Sales and the Circulation of Property
88
2.1 Marriage Alliances
89
2.2 Professional Solidarity
93
3 Tenancy and Agricultural Collaboration
95
3.1 Unfree Tenants
96
3.2 Tenants without Family Names
98
3.3 Tenants with Family Names
100
Conclusion
104
85
3 Silver Lending
109
1 Temple-Enterers
111
2 Brewers
114
3 Bakers
117
4 Oxherds
122
5 Reed-Workers
126
Conclusion
127
4 Circles of Trust and Intimacy
130
1 Formal Quantification of Personal Networks
134
2 Qualitative Analysis of Tie Strength and Friendship
2.1 Ea-ilūtu-bani
140
2.2 Ilia (A)
145
2.3 Bēliya’u
150
2.4 Rē’i-alpi
156
2.5 Atkuppu
163
Conclusion
165
Part 2
Priests in Neo-Babylonian Society
5 Homophily and Interaction
175
1 Spatial Distribution
177
2 Homophily
179
3 Understanding Rentiers and Entrepreneurs
Conclusion
186
6 Social Boundary and Collective Identity
1 Affiliation to the Temple
189
1.1 Prebend Ownership
189
187
182
138
vii
Contents
1.2 Purity and Initiation
191
1.3 Sacrifices and Festivals
195
1.4 Representation
201
1.5 Priestly Families vs. the Individual Priest
2 Ownership of Property
203
2.1 Residential Property
204
2.2 Landed Property
209
3 Literacy and Scribal Education
213
4 Language
218
Conclusion
227
202
Conclusion
232
1 Summaries of Individual Chapters
232
2 Research Questions Revisited
238
3 Outcomes
239
4 Outlook
242
Appendix 1: Quantitative Analysis of Priestly Marriages in
Borsippa
245
Appendix 2: Annotated List of Hanšû Land in Borsippa
257
Appendix 3: Property Sales in the Borsippa Corpus
266
Bibliography
270
Index of Sources
291
Index of Names
301
Index of Akkadian Terms
310
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