INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART Messinian Tortonian Miocene Serravallian Langhian Burdigalian Aquitanian Oligocene Chattian Rupelian Priabonian Eocene Bartonian Lutetian Ypresian Thanetian Paleocene Selandian Danian Maastrichtian Campanian Mesozoic Cretaceous Upper Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Aptian Lower Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian 3.600 5.332 7.246 11.608 13.82 15.97 20.43 28.4 ±0.1 33.9 ±0.1 37.2 ±0.1 40.4 ±0.2 48.6 ±0.2 55.8 ±0.2 Middle 65.5 ±0.3 70.6 ±0.6 83.5 ±0.7 85.8 ±0.7 ~ 88.6 93.6 ±0.8 99.6 ±0.9 112.0 ±1.0 125.0 ±1.0 130.0 ±1.5 ~ 133.9 140.2 ±3.0 145.5 ±4.0 Bajocian Aalenian Toarcian Lower Pliensbachian Sinemurian Hettangian Rhaetian Upper Norian Carnian Middle Lower Lopingian 58.7 ±0.2 ~ 61.1 Bathonian Ladinian Anisian Olenekian Induan Changhsingian Wuchiapingian Capitanian Guadalupian Wordian Roadian Kungurian Cisuralian Artinskian Sakmarian Asselian Upper Gzhelian Kasimovian Middle Moscovian Lower Bashkirian Upper Serpukhovian Middle Lower Visean 164.7 ±4.0 167.7 ±3.5 Middle 189.6 ±1.5 203.6 ±1.5 216.5 ±2.0 ~ 228.7 237.0 ±2.0 ~ 245.9 ~ 249.5 251.0 ±0.4 253.8 ±0.7 260.4 ±0.7 265.8 ±0.7 268.0 ±0.7 270.6 ±0.7 275.6 ±0.7 284.4 ±0.7 294.6 ±0.8 299.0 ±0.8 303.4 ±0.9 307.2 ±1.0 311.7 ±1.1 318.1 ±1.3 328.3 ±1.6 345.3 ±2.1 Tournaisian 359.2 ±2.5 * Definition of the Quaternary and revision of the Pleistocene are under discussion. Base of the Pleistocene is at 1.81 Ma (base of Calabrian), but may be extended to 2.59 Ma (base of Gelasian). The historic “Tertiary” comprises the Paleogene and Neogene, and has no official rank. Eifelian Pragian Pridoli 183.0 ±1.5 199.6 ±0.6 Givetian Lochkovian 175.6 ±2.0 196.5 ±1.0 Frasnian Emsian Lower 171.6 ±3.0 Ludlow Wenlock Ludfordian Gorstian Homerian Sheinwoodian Telychian Llandovery Aeronian Rhuddanian Hirnantian Upper Katian Sandbian Middle Darriwilian Dapingian Floian Neoproterozoic 385.3 ±2.6 397.5 ±2.7 407.0 ±2.8 411.2 ±2.8 416.0 ±2.8 418.7 ±2.7 421.3 ±2.6 422.9 ±2.5 426.2 ±2.4 428.2 ±2.3 436.0 ±1.9 439.0 ±1.8 443.7 ±1.5 Cryogenian Tonian Stenian Mesoproterozoic Ectasian Calymmian Statherian Paleoproterozoic Orosirian Rhyacian Siderian 471.8 ±1.6 GSSP GSSA ~635 850 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2050 2300 2500 2800 Mesoarchean 3200 Paleoarchean 3600 Eoarchean 4000 460.9 ±1.6 468.1 ±1.6 542 Neoarchean 445.6 ±1.5 455.8 ±1.6 Age Ma System Period Ediacaran 374.5 ±2.6 391.8 ±2.7 Erathem Era Eonothem Eon 359.2 ±2.5 GSSP Age Ma Stage Age Series Epoch Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period GSSP Age Ma 161.2 ±4.0 Devonian 2.588 23.03 Stage Age Series Epoch Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period GSSP 1.806 ~ 155.6 Upper Famennian Precambrian Archean Proterozoic Phanerozoic Cenozoic Paleogene Neogene Zanclean Callovian 150.8 ±4.0 Hadean (informal) ~4600 Subdivisions of the global geologic record are formally defined by their lower boundary. Each unit 488.3 ±1.7 of the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and the Stage 10 base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global ~ 492 * Standard Section and Point (GSSP ), whereas Stage 9 Furongian ~ 496 * Precambrian units are formally subdivided by Paibian absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age, ~ 499 GSSA). Details of each GSSP are posted on the Guzhangian ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org). ~ 503 Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the Series 3 Drumian ~ 506.5 Phanerozoic are subject to revision. Some stages Stage 5 within the Cambrian will be formally named upon ~ 510 * international agreement on their GSSP limits. Most Stage 4 sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle and Upper ~ 515 * Series 2 Aptian) are not formally defined. Stage 3 ~ 521 * Colors are according to the Commission for the Stage 2 Geological Map of the World (www.cgmw.org). ~ 528 * Terreneuvian The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic Fortunian 542.0 ±1.0 Time Scale 2004', by F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg, This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg. Intra Cambrian unit ages A.G. Smith, et al. (2004; Cambridge University Press) with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions. and “The Concise Geologic Time Scale” by J.G. Ogg, Copyright © 2008 International Commission on Stratigraphy G. Ogg and F.M. Gradstein (2008). Lower Cambrian Pliocene Piacenzian 0.781 145.5 ±4.0 Phanerozoic Paleo zoic Ordovician Silurian Gelasian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Triassic Calabrian 0.126 Pennsylvanian “Ionian” Upper Mississippian Pleistocene 0.0117 Meso zoic Jurassic Upper Tithonian Paleo zoic Carboniferous Permian Holocene Age Ma Stage Age Series Epoch International Commission on Stratigraphy Phanerozoic Quaternary * Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period ICS Tremadocian 478.6 ±1.7
