1 Course policies & overview Please note: The main reference is your BOOK, Not the slides. Make sure to read the text. ALWAYS follow-up and copy the examples discussed on the board. You are responsible for everything discussed in the class 2 SIGNIFICANT LEARNING OUTCOMES Conceptual Knowledge Describe fluid mechanics Contrast gases and liquids by describing similarities and differences Primary Dimensions Secondary Dimensions Units 3 History Faces of Fluid Mechanics Archimedes (C. 287-212 BC) Newton (1642-1727) Leibniz (1646-1716) Navier (1785-1836) Stokes (1819-1903) Reynolds (1842-1912) Bernoulli (1667-1748) Prandtl (1875-1953) Euler (1707-1783) Taylor 4 (1886-1975) Application Areas of Fluid Mechanics Pipeline: The piping systems for water, natural gas, and sewage for an individual house and the entire city are designed primarily on the basis of fluid mechanics. Piping and ducting network of heating and air-conditioning systems. Automobile: All components associated with the transportation of the fuel from the fuel tank to the cylinders—the fuel line, fuel pump, and fuel injectors or carburetors—as well as the mixing of the fuel and the air in the cylinders and the purging of combustion gases in exhaust pipes—are analyzed using fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics is also used in the design of the heating and airconditioning system, the hydraulic brakes, the power steering, the automatic transmission, the lubrication systems, the cooling system of the engine block including the radiator and the water pump, and even the tires. On a broader scale, fluid mechanics plays a major part in the design and analysis of aircraft, boats, submarines, rockets, jet engines, wind turbines, biomedical devices, cooling systems for electronic components, and transportation systems for moving water, crude oil, and natural gas. 5 Introduction Mechanics applies to material bodies in the solid phase, the discipline is called solid mechanics. When the material body is in the gas or liquid phase, the discipline is called fluid mechanics. In contrast to a solid, a fluid is a substance whose molecules move freely past each other. Fluid is a substance that will continuously deform—that is, flow under the action of a shear stress. Solid will deform under the action of a shear stress but will not flow like a fluid. Both liquids and gases are classified as fluids. Fluid Mechanics is the science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest or in motion, and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries. 6 Mechanics Solid Solid Mechanics Liquid Gas Fluid Mechanics 7 8 States of Matter What are the states of matter (Physical Substance)? Solid Liquid Gas Plasma 9 10 Primary Dimensions 11 Units Terminology Acceleration due to gravity Area Depth Diameter Flow rate Force Kinematic viscosity Length Mass Pressure Radius Shear stress Specific weight Surface tension Time Time Unit flow rate Velocity Viscosity Weight SI-units Imperial Units (USCS) m/s2 ft/s2 m2 m m m3/s N m2/s m kg Pa m Pa kg/m3 kg/m s s m3/(s ft) m/s Pa s N ft2 ft ft ft3/s lb ft2/s ft slug lb/ft2 ft lb/ft2 lb/ft3 lb/ft s s ft3/(s ft) ft/s lb s/ft lbf 12 Units You must be familiar converting units from: Length: m to ft or in (vice-versa) Mass: kg to lbm (vice-versa) Temperature: K to °C to °F (vice-versa) You must be familiar converting units from: Length: km to m to cm to mm…etc (vice-versa) ft to in (visa-versa) Mass: kg to g to mg … etc (vice-versa) 13 Conversion Factors 14 15
