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PROTECTING
FORESTS IS THE
RIGHT THING TO DO.
SATELLITE
MONITORING IS THE
RIGHT WAY TO DO IT.
A KAYRROS WHITE PAPER
CONTENT
NBS are key to
mitigate climate
change
What we are doing
wrong today ?
Track NBS the right
way with satellite
imagery analytics
Going beyond
deforestation
Proof by the
example - A REDD+
project goes from 1
million credits to
zero
Who are we?
2
KAYRROS
However, Nature Based Solutions have not
NBS ARE KEY TO MITIGATE
CLIMATE CHANGE
yet reached their full potential. Indeed,
current techniques make it challenging to
Nature Based Solutions, or NBS, are carbon
projects based on the restoration or the
track the amount of carbon sequestered, or
avoided, today.
preservation of ecosystems. In the context
of an exponentially growing carbon market,
the development of Nature Based Solutions
has been accelerating strongly with the
demand for carbon credits on track to
exceed US$1 billion in 2022.
The IPCC (International Panel on Climate
Change) concluded in its latest report that
NBS are crucial to meet the 1.5 deg C target
that
was
firstly
defined
in
the
Paris
Agreement.
WHAT WE ARE DOING
WRONG TODAY ?
The methods that have been implemented
until now to monitor the development of
Nature Based Solutions to validate the
carbon credits issued are not efficient
enough.
NBS projects to protect forests are usually
monitored through an analysis based on
several
Short-term
necessary
carbon
to
sequestration
mitigate
and
is
drastically
decrease GHG emissions. NBS are the most
convenient and easily scalable methods to
meet this objective. It has been estimated
that about one third of climate change
mitigation needed to meet the goals of the
Paris
Agreement
can
be
provided
Nature-Based Solutions (Source IUCN).
by
samples
of
a
forest
that
is
considered to be representative of the
whole area. This is often a large assumption.
According to Marvin (2014), aboveground
biomass estimates are accurate with an
impractical number of 1-ha field plots.
Such an evaluation is usually done every five
years, and carbon credits are therefore
issued over long periods of time without any
intermediate assessment. Deforestation or
degradation can remain undetected, and
3
KAYRROS
too many carbon credits might be issued.
These methods are not powerful enough to
With satellite imagery, the whole area of a
assess the permanence (GHG emissions
NBS project can be monitored to keep track
need to be durably compensated) and the
of the evolution of the area over weekly or
additionality (credits are generated when a
monthly periods. This enables a more
project brings more value than inaction) of a
reliable validation of the issued carbon
NBS project
credit, and provides the opportunity to react
quickly and accordingly when a disruption
Tracking NBS projects through regular and
frequent
monitoring
will
enhance
is detected.
the
reliability of the carbon market, with a
Satellite monitoring is particularly helpful in
precise
a number of ways..
estimation
of
the
carbon
sequestration. Enhancing the transparency
of
NBS
projects
will
also
increase
the
Due diligence
confidence of the players in the carbon
Currently, satellite imagery is sometimes
market, and increase the value of a carbon
used to estimate the biomass baseline and
credit.
to
demonstrate
the
additionality
of
a
project, but is not used to its full potential.
TRACK NBS THE RIGHT WAY
WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY
ANALYTICS
Historical land use analysis is necessary over
the area of interest, with at least ten years of
depth.
With algorithmic treatment of satellite
Satellite monitoring of forests can overcome
imagery, however, the necessary analysis
these
can be done quickly with standardized
issues,
tracking,
with
based
not
reliable
only
observations,
but
also
technologies
to
detect
and
on
on
timely
individual
methodology and criteria.
leading-edge
and
deforestation and degradation.
quantify
Risk Management
Current methods used to estimate risks and
define the carbon credit buffer pool of a
project
4
KAYRROS
are
qualitative
imprecise
estimates
accurate data.
and
based
on
rather
than
on
Using satellite imagery, it is possible to
access
historical
analysis,
and
data
and
spot
risks
to
quantitative
that
were
GOING BEYOND
DEFORESTATION
previously undetected.
Degradation
Satellite imagery also enables geographical
Current monitoring methods are mainly
analysis of the risks that are not necessarily
focused
equally distributed on each zone of a NBS
deforestation. Until recently, the degradation
project.
of the forest has been difficult to assess,but
satellite
Mitigation strategies can therefore become
on
spotting
imagery
now
and
avoiding
provides
a
real
advantage in this field.
much more efficient, with a focus on risky
areas or even with a reshaping of the project.
Forest degradation can be defined as the
decline in tree cover or in the biodiversity in
an area of a forest due to natural causes or
human
activity.
This
differs
from
deforestation, which is characterized by the
total destruction of the forest in a defined
area.
Monitoring and verification
Satellite
imagery
enables
Forest
large-scale
automated monitoring of biomass including
losses,
plantation
dates,
survival
is
therefore
more
challenging to detect. Radar imagery detects
smaller scale changes such as:
rates,
growth rates and more. Indeed, satellite
Selective logging, which usually goes
measurements of biomass are extremely
under the radar, but can represent an
accurate and can cover vast areas making
equivalent loss of biomass than one
the monitoring of a project both continuous
provoked
and transparent.
deforestation
These
benefits
are
considerable
by
large
patches
of
when
Opening of new paths in the forest, which
compared with a typical NBS project today
can be a strong signal for further larger
that is only checked every three to five years
deforestation in the future
and does not easily enable the free and rapid
circulation
of
information
between
the
various stakeholders involved in a NBS
Project.
5
degradation
KAYRROS
Risks
disaster represented "at least
For natural risks, historical data
95% of the roughly 6 million
analysis can be necessary to
tons of carbon offsets set aside
define the buffer pool, i.e. the
to insure all forest projects
share of the carbon credits that
against the risk of fire over a
will cover for the potential
century-long period" (Financial
losses and damages, with a
Times).
regular
evaluation
update
to
on
risk
consider
the
effects of climate change.
The example of wildfires is
particularly
relevant
to
highlight the power of satellite
During the summer of 2022,
imagery.
California
combined
with
machine
wildfires that burnt six forest
learning
and
artificial
projects to ashes.
intelligence enables a clear
suffered
severe
mapping
CarbonPlan estimated that this
Earth
of
observation
high-risk
areas
where wildfires are the most
likely to ignite.
Figure 1 - Example of detection of burnt areas
6
KAYRROS
An
example
here
with
a
wildfire
that
occurred in 2020. Kayrros runs a damage
analysis to assess the impact of a fire which
occurred in the project area defined by the
white outlines. The burnt areas are clearly
visible by comparing the images from
February and April.
With climate change increasing the occurrences of
wildfires, satellite monitoring is now essential to
thoroughly evaluate the risks.
Figure 2 - Detected fires by type of vegetation and by month of occurrence (2000 - 2022)
7
KAYRROS
PROOF BY THE EXAMPLE A REDD+ PROJECT GOES
FROM 1 MILLION CREDITS
TO ZERO
This project had been generating carbon
credits
for
years,
accounting
for
the
REDD+ projects (Reducing Emissions from
emissions
Deforestation and forest degradation in
compensated.
Developing countries) can turn into a
spotted in the leakage belt, which caused
disaster when improperly monitored.
the
that
were
But
interruption
of
supposedly
deforestation
the
carbon
was
credits
emissions.
Let's take the example of a project in Brazil.
However, due to an unreliable methodology
Covering a large area of 72,000 hectares, the
of monitoring, an important amount of
project was located in an isolated area,
carbon credits have been issued between the
subject to security threats including illegal
actual deforestation (which started in 2017)
deforestation and drug trafficking. The
and the moment it was detected (the credits
guards allocated to the surveillance of the
stopped being emitted in 2020). This created
project were not enough to monitor the
a
vast project area.
emitted and the actual emissions avoided.
significant
Figure 3 - Carbon credits issued
8
KAYRROS
gap
between
the
credits
Figure 4 - Observed loss of ABG Carbon
Using satellite imagery would have been beneficial to:
Spotting the deforestation in the leakage belt immediately
Identifying the degradation of the forest with radar imagery
9
KAYRROS
WHO ARE WE?
Kayrros, a leader in geo-analysis, has created
Our Geographic Information System (GIS)
the Forest Carbon Monitor: a comprehensive
platform supports both conservation and
tool fusing artificial intelligence algorithms
afforestation
with satellite imagery to provide key metrics
Measurement,
on forests for the voluntary carbon markets,
(MRV), including for very large or remote areas.
projects
with
Reporting
and
near-realtime
Verification
from project design to monitoring and
Kayrros analyzes risks, measures biomass,
verification.
detects
damage
on
plantations,
bringing
peace of mind for all stakeholders in the
voluntary carbon market.
10
KAYRROS
FREE DEMO
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Kayrros can do for your is great,
showing you the benefits the personalized way is even better!
CONTACT US
WWW.KAYRROS.COM
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