????pt???? pa???sµ?a? e??????? st??? t?µe?? t?? e????e?a?, t

????pt???? pa???sµ?a? e??????? st??? t?µe?? t??
e????e?a?, t?? te???????a? ?a? t?? p???t???? ??a t?
???µa
???????? ??????ta? 2030
?as??? µ???µata
Se????? a?af????
•
? µe??t? WETO s?µpe???aµß??e? ??a se????? a?af???? t? ?p???
pe?????fe? t? µe????t??? pa???sµ?? e?e??e?a?? s?st?µa, ?? s????e?a t??
?p? e?????? t?se?? ?a? d?a????t???? a??a??? t?? pa???sµ?a? ??????µ?a?
(p?a?s?? eµp?????? ?a? te?????????? e?e???e?? “?? s??????”). ?a
ap?te??sµata t?? se?a???? ?a p??pe? ?a ?e??????? ?? ß?s? a?af???? ??a
t? s?????t??? a???????s? e?a??a?t???? ??se??, ?d??? ?s?? af??? t???
p?????, t?? te???????e? ?a? t?? pe??ßa????t??? p???t???. ? p?????
?ata???s? t?? µa???p???esµ?? pa?aµ?t??? ap?te?e? ßas??? st???e?? ??a
t?? ?a????sµ? t?? µe????t???? p??te?a??t?t?? ??e??a? ?a? te??????????
a??pt???? st??? t?µe?? t?? e????e?a? ?a? t?? pe??ß?????t??. ?? se?????
a?af???? a?t?p??s?pe?e? ??t?? µ?a ep?d?s? a?af???? ? ?p??a µp??e? ?a
ße?t???e? µe t? ??sp?s? ?at??????? p???t???? µ?t???.
•
? pa???sµ?a e?e??e?a?? ??t?s? p??ß??peta? ?t? ?a a????eta? ?at? 1,8%
pe??p?? et?s??? st? ??????? d??st?µa µeta?? 2000 ?a? 2030. ? a?t??t?p??
t?? ??????µ???? µe?????s?? ?a? t?? a???s?? t?? p????sµ?? (a?t?st?????
?at? 3,1% ?a? 1% et?s???, ?at? µ?s? ???) ?a µet??as?e? ap? t? µe??s? t??
e?e??e?a??? ??tas?? (?at? 1,2% et?s???) p?? ?a p???a??se? ? s??d?asµ??
t?? d?a????t???? a??a??? t?? ??????µ?a?, t?? te?????????? p???d?? ?a?
t?? a???s?? t?? e?e??e?a??? t?µ??. ?? ß??µ??a????? ???e? ?a ?????s???
µ?a ep?ß??d??s? t?? ???µ?? a???s?? t?? e?e??e?a??? t??? ??t?s?? se
ep?peda t?? t???? p.?. t?? 0,4% et?s??? st?? ??. ??t?st??f??, ?
e?e??e?a?? ??t?s? t?? a?apt?ss?µe??? ????? ?a s?µe??se? ta?e?a
a???s?. ?? 2030, pe??ss?te?? ap? t? ?µ?s? t?? pa???sµ?a? e?e??e?a???
??t?s?? a?aµ??eta? ?a p?????eta? ap? t?? a?apt?ss?µe?e? ???e?, ??a?t?
40% s?µe?a.
•
?? pa???sµ?? e?e??e?a?? s?st?µa ?a e?a???????se? ?a ????a??e?ta? ap? ta
????t? ?a?s?µa, ta ?p??a ?a a?t?p??s?pe???? pe??p?? t? 90% t??
s???????? e?e??e?a??? ef?d?asµ?? t? 2030. ?? pet???a?? ?a pa?aµe??e? ?
ßas??? p??? e????e?a? (34%) a????????µe?? ap? t?? ????a?a (28%).
?e??p?? ta d?? t??ta t?? a???s?? t?? p??sf???? ????a?a st? ???????
d??st?µa µeta?? 2000 ?a? 2030 ?a p?????eta? ap? t?? ?s?a. ?? f?s???
a???? p??ß??peta? ?a a?t?p??s?pe?e? t? ??a t?ta?t? t?? pa???sµ?a?
p??sf???? e????e?a? µ???? t? 2030· ? ??e?t??pa?a???? ?a a?t?p??s?pe?e?
t? µe?a??te?? µ???? a?t?? t?? a???s??. St?? E? , t? f?s??? a????
a?aµ??eta? ?a ap?te??se? t? de?te?? s?µa?t???te?? p??? e????e?a? µet? t?
pet???a??, a??? µp??st? ap? t?? ????a?a ?a? t?? ?????t?. ? p??????? ?a? ??
a?a?e?s?µe? p???? e????e?a? ?a a?t?p??s?pe???? s??????? ??t? ????te??
ap? t? 20% t?? e?e??e?a??? ef?d?asµ?? t?? ??.
•
?ed?µ???? t?? s??e????µe??? ????a???a? t?? ????t?? ?a?s?µ??, ??
e?p?µp?? CO2 pa???sµ??? a?aµ??eta? ?a a??????? ta??te?a ap'?,t? ?
?ata????s? e????e?a? (2,1%/et?s??? ?at? µ?s? ???). ?? 2030, ??
pa???sµ?e? e?p?µp?? CO2 ?a a??????ta? se ep?peda ?pe?d?p??s?a e?e????
t?? 1990. St?? ??, ?? e?p?µp?? CO 2 p??ß??peta? ?a ????? a????e? ?at?
18% t? 2030 se s?????s? µe ta ep?peda t?? 1990· st?? ???, ? a???s?
p??ß??peta? ?a a????eta? se pe??p?? 50%. ??? ?? e?p?µp?? ap? t??
a?apt?ss?µe?e? ???e? a?t?p??s?pe?a? t? 30% t?? s???????? pa???sµ???
e?p?µp?? t? 1990, ?? ???e? a?t?? ?a e??????ta? ??a pe??ss?te?? ap? t?
?µ?s? t?? pa???sµ??? e?p?µp?? CO2 t? 2030.
•
?at? t?? ep?µe?e? t?e?? de?aet?e? ?a ?p?????? pa???sµ??? pet?e?a???
ap???µata epa??? ?a ?a?????? t?? p??ß?ep?µe?? ??t?s?. ??t??t???, ?
µe??s? t?? s?µßat???? pet?e?a???? ap??eµ?t?? µp??e? ?a ap?te??se?
a??s???t??? s?µ?d? µet? t? 2030. Ta a?t?sta?µ?s?e? µ??? e? µ??e? ap? t??
a???s? t?? µ? s?µßat???? pet?e?a???? ap??eµ?t??. ?a ap???µata
f?s???? ae???? ?a af?????? ?a? a?aµ??eta? ?t? ?a ????? a????e? ?at? 10%
pe??p??. ?e? p??ß??p??ta? pe?????sµ?? ?? p??? ta ap???µata ????a?a ??a
a?t?? t?? ??????? ??????ta.
•
? pa???sµ?a pa?a???? pet?e?a??? a?aµ??eta? ?a a????e? ?at? 65%
pe??p?? ?a? ?a f??se? pe?? ta 120 e?at. ßa????a ?µe??s??? t? 2030:
ded?µ???? ?t? ta t??a t?ta?ta a?t?? t?? a???s?? ?a p???????ta? ap? t??
???e? t?? ????, ? ???? ?a a?t?p??s?pe?e? t? 60% t?? s????????
p??sf???? pet?e?a??? t? 2030 (??a?t? 40% t? 2000).
•
? pa?a???? f?s???? ae???? p??ß??peta? ?a d?p?as?aste? st? ???????
d??st?µa µeta?? 2000 ?a? 2030. ??t??t???, ?? pe??fe?e?a??? d?af???? ?s??
af??? ta ap???µata ?a? t? ??st?? pa?a????? f?s???? ae???? a?aµ??eta?
?t? ?a ????? t??p?p???se? t? pe??fe?e?a?? µ??t??? p??sf???? f?s????
ae???? t? 2030: pe??p?? t? ??a t??t? t?? s???????? pa?a????? ?a
p?????eta? ap? t?? ???, e?? ? ?p????p? pa?a???? ?a ?ata??µeta? pe??p??
e? ?s?? µeta?? t?? ????? pe??fe?e???.
•
? pa?a???? ????a?a a?aµ??eta? ep?s?? ?a d?p?as?aste? st? ???????
d??st?µa µeta?? 2000 ?a? 2030, d?p?as?asµ?? p?? ?a ?fe??eta? ?at? t?
µe?a??te?? µ???? st?? ?s?a ?a? t?? ?f????, ?? ?p??e? t? 2030 ?a
e?asfa?????? pe??ss?te?? ap? t? µ?s? pa?a???? ????a?a.
•
? t ? s ? t ? ? t?µ?? t?? pet?e?a??? ?a? t?? f?s???? ae???? ?a e??a?
a??d???, s?µe?????ta? s?µa?t??? a???s? se s??s? µe ta s?µe???? ep?peda:
p??ß??peta? ?t?, t? 2030, ? t?µ? t?? pet?e?a??? ?a f??se? ta 35 €/ßa???? ?a?
?? t?µ?? t?? f?s???? ae???? ta 28, 25 ?a? 33 €/ßa???? st??
e???pa???/af???a????, t?? aµe???a???? ?a? t?? as?at??? a????,
a?t?st?????. ??aµ??eta? ?a µe?????? s?µa?t??? ?? pe??fe?e?a??? d?af????
µeta?? t?? t?µ?? t?? f?s???? ae????, ?? ap?t??esµa p?? s?????s?µ??
s??d?asµ?? ef?d?asµ?? se f?s??? a????. ? t?µ? t?? ????a?a a?aµ??eta?
?a pa?aµe??e? s?et??? sta?e??, a?e???µe?? se pe??p?? 10 €/ ßa???? t? 2030.
•
? te???? e?e??e?a?? ??t?s? ?a a????e? µe ???µ? a?t?st???? µe t?? ???µ?
a???s?? t?? µe??t?? es?te????? ?ata????s??. ?ed?µ???? ?t? ???? ?? t?µe??
a?aµ??eta? ?a ?????s??? a?t?st???? µe?????s?, t? µe??d?? t??? st?? te????
??t?s? ?a pa?aµe??e? se ?e????? ??aµµ?? sta?e?? se pa???sµ?? ep?ped?:
pe??p?? 35 % ??a t? ß??µ??a??a, 25 % ??a t?? µetaf???? ?a? 40 % ??a t??
????a?? ???s? ?a? t?? t??t??e?? t?µ?a. ? e?e??e?a?? ??t?s? a?? t?µ?a
a??????e? d?af??et??? µ??t??a a?????a µe t?? pe??f??e?e?: st??
a?ept??µ??e? ???e?, ? t?µ?a? t?? ?p??es??? pa???s???e? t? ta??te?a
a??a??µe?? µe??d?? t?? e?e??e?a??? ??t?s??· st?? a?apt?ss?µe?e? ???e?,
???? ?? t?µe?? ????????? sta?e?? µe?????s? t?? t???? t?? 2-3 % et?s???.
•
? ??e?t???? e????e?a ?a s??e??se? t? d?e?sd?s? t?? se ??e? t?? pe??f??e?e?,
a?t?p??s?pe???ta? pe??p?? t? ??a t?ta?t? t?? te????? e?e??e?a??? ??t?s??·
? ????a?a? ?a s?µe??se? µe??s? st?? ß??µ??a????? ???e?· ? ß??µ??a
stad?a?? ?a ?ata????e? st?? a?apt?ss?µe?e? ???e?. ?? pet???a?? ?a
pa?aµe??e? t? ep???at?ste?? ?a?s?µ?, µe t? µe??d?? t?? ?a ??µa??eta? t?
2030 µeta?? 40 ?a? 50 % a?????a µe t?? pe??f??e?a.
•
? pa?a???? ??e?t????? e????e?a? ?a a????eta? sta?e?? ?at? 3% et?s???
?at? µ?s? ???. ?e??ss?te?? ap? t? ?µ?s? t?? ??e?t??pa?a????? t? 2030
?a e?asfa???eta? ap? t?? te???????e? p?? eµfa??st??a? ?at? t? de?aet?a
t?? '90 ?a? µet?, ?p?? ?? ae???st??ß???? s??d?asµ???? ??????, ??
p????µ??e? te???????e? ????a?a ?a? ?? te???????e? a?a?e?s?µ?? p????
e????e?a?.
•
T? µe??d?? t?? f?s???? ae???? st?? pa?a???? ??e?t????? e????e?a? ?a
a????eta? sta?e?? st?? ?????te?e? pe??f??e?e?-pa?a?????? f?s???? ae????
(???, ??s? ??at??? ?a? ?at????? ?µe????) e?? t? µe??d?? t?? ????a?a ?a
µe???eta? se ??e? t?? pe??f??e?e?, µe e?a??es? t? ???e?? ?µe???? ?p?? ?a
sta?e??p????e? ?a? t?? ?s?a ?p?? ?a a????e? s?µa?t???. ? a??pt??? t??
p???????? e????e?a? de? ?a a???????se? t?? ???µ? t?? s????????
pa?a????? ??e?t????? e????e?a?: t? µe??d?? t?? st?? a???? ?a ??e? µe???e?
st? 10 % t? 2030. ?? a?a?e?s?µe? p???? ?a ?a??pt??? t? 4 % t??
pa?a????? (??a?t? 2 % t? 2000), ???? ?????? t?? ta?e?a? a???s?? t??
µe??d??? t?? a??????? e????e?a?.
??a?s??s?a st?? a??a??? ?s?? af??? t??? p????? ?d?????a???????
?a? st?? te?????????? e?e???e??
•
? e ????te???? p????? ?d?????a???????, ?? t?µ?? t?? pet?e?a??? ?a? t??
f?s???? ae???? t? 2030 p??ß??peta? ?a e??a? p??? ?????te?e? ap'?,t?
pe?????feta? st? se????? a?af????, ?a? s???e???µ??a ???? sta 40 €/ßa????
??a t? pet???a??. ??t? s??ep??eta? ?aµ???te?? pa???sµ?a e?e??e?a??
??t?s? (-3%), ? ?p??a ?a e???e? ?d?a?te?a t?? ????a?a ?a? t?? µ? ????t??
p???? e????e?a?, ?a? µe??s? t?? ??t?s?? f?s???? ae???? (-13%) ?a?
pet?e?a??? (-6%). O? ap?t??esµa, ?? e?p?µp?? CO 2 se pa???sµ?a ???µa?a
?a e??a? ?aµ???te?e? ?at? 2% se s??s? µe t? se????? a?af????.
•
??t?st??f??, ?? a??a??µe??? p???? f?s???? ae???? ?a ????? ??
ap?t??esµa t? µe??s? t?? t?µ?? t?? f?s???? ae???? sta 16, 20 ?a? 28
€/ßa???? t? 2030 st?? aµe???a????, t?? e???pa??? ?a? t?? as?at??? a????
a?t?st?????. ? t?µ? t?? pet?e?a??? ?a µe???e? e????sta µ???,
a?t??at?pt?????ta? t?? pe?????sµ??e? d??at?t?te? ?p??at?stas?? µeta??
pet?e?a??? ?a? f?s???? ae????. ?a??t? ? pa???sµ?a e?e??e?a?? ??t?s? ?a
ep??easte? e????sta (+1.5%), t? ?s?????? t?? ?a?s?µ?? ?a t??p?p????e?
s?µa?t??? ??????ta? ?p?? t?? f?s???? ae???? (+21%, ??a?t? -9% ??a t??
????a?a, -3% ??a t? pet???a?? ?a? -4% ??a t?? p??t??e?? ??e?t????
e????e?a).
•
? ep?ta????µe?? e?????? t?? te????????? ??e?t??pa?a????? ?a ep?f??e?
s?µa?t???? d?a????t???? a??a??? st?? pa?a???? ??e?t????? e????e?a?.
?a?? t? s?µas?a t??, ? ???d?? t?? ??e?t??pa?a????? a?t?p??s?pe?e? µ???
t? ??a t??t? t?? pa???sµ??? e?p?µp?? CO 2. ?at? s???pe?a, ?? te???????e?
p?? af????? µ??? t?? s???e???µ??? ???d? ?a ????? pe?????sµ??? a?t??t?p?
st?? s???????? e?p?µp?? CO2. ? d?a?es?µ?t?ta p????µ???? te?????????
µp??e? ?st?s? ?a ??e? s?µa?t??? a?t??t?p? st? ??st?? ep?te???? t??
st???? µe??s?? t?? e?p?µp??.
? a???? f?s???? ae???? t?? ?? ap? pa???sµ?a p???pt???
•
? a???? f?s???? ae???? t?? ?? pa???s???e? ta?e?a µe?????s?, ? ?p??a
a?aµ??eta? ?a s??e??s?e? ?at? t?? ep?µe?e? d?? de?aet?e?, µe "?f?d? st?
f?s??? a????" ??a t?? ??e?t??pa?a????. ??t??t???, t? µe??d?? t?? ?? st??
pa???sµ?a ?ata????s? f?s???? ae???? a?aµ??eta? ?a s?µe??se? sta?e??
µe??s?.
•
? a pa???sµ?a ap???µata f?s???? ae???? af?????? µe?, a???
s???e?t?????ta? se d?? pe??f??e?e?, st?? ??? ?a? t? ??s? ??at???, ?p??
? pa?a???? f?s???? ae???? p??ß??peta? ?a a????e? s?µa?t??? ?at? ta
ep?µe?a t????ta ?????a. ??t??eta, ?? e???pa???? p???? f?s???? ae???? e??a?
pe?????sµ???? ?a? ? pa?a???? a?aµ??eta? ?a pa???s??se? sta?e?? µe??s?
µet? t? 2010, ?d????ta? se a??a??µe?? e???t?s? ap? t??? e??te??????
p????? f?s???? ae????.
•
? ??t?s? f?s???? ae???? p??ß??peta? ep?s?? ?a a????e? ?a? st?? ?p????pe?
pe??f??e?e? t?? ?f?????: ???sµ??e? e? a?t??, µe pe?????sµ??a ? f?????ta
ap???µata f?s???? ae????, ?a µetat?ap??? se ?a?a???? e?sa???e??
ep?f????ta? s?µa?t???? a??a??? sta pa???sµ?a µ??t??a s??a??a???
f?s???? ae????. G?a pa??de??µa, ? ta?e?a a???s? t?? ??t?s?? f?s????
ae???? st?? ?s?a a?aµ??eta? ?a ??e? ??p??a ep?pt?s? st? µ??t???
ef?d?asµ?? t?? ?? µe f?s??? a???? t? 2030: e?? ? ef?d?asµ?? t?? ?s?a? µe
f?s??? a???? p??ß??peta? ?t? ?a e?a?t?ta? ?????? ap? t??? p????? t??
??s?? ??at????, ? ?? ?a? ?? ?p???f?e? ??a ??ta?? ???e? µp??e? ?a
?a??pt??? pe??ss?te?? ap? t? ?µ?s? t?? a?a???? t??? se f?s??? a???? µe
e?sa????? ap? t?? ???.
•
?? ap?t??esµa a?t? µp??e? ?a ep?f??e? µe?a??te???? ???d?????
ef?d?asµ?? ??a t?? ??. ??t??t???, ?? ???d???? a?t?? e??a? d??at? ?a
pe?????s???? µe t? ???? d?af???? µ?t??? ?p?? pe?????feta? s???pt???
st?? ???s??? ??ß?? t?? ????pa???? ?p?t??p??, p.?. µe t?? p???ap?as?asµ?
t?? ?d?? µetaf???? f?s???? ae????, t?? p????ste?? ????????s? t??
e???pa???? d??t??? f?s???? ae????, ?a? t?? s??e?? d?????? µe t?? ???e?
pa?a?????? f?s???? ae????. ?? µa???p???esµe? s?µß?se?? pa?????
????p???µ???? f?s???? ae???? p??ß??peta? ?a a???????, a??? se p?? µ?t???
ßa?µ? ?a? ap? p?? d?af???p???µ??e? p???? st?? ?f???? ?a? t? ??s?
??at???.
??t??t?p?? st?? p???t???? ??a t?? a??a?? t?? ???µat??
•
???sa?t??ta? t?µ? ????a?a st? ???s? ????t?? ?a?s?µ??, ?? e?p?µp??
CO2 t? 2030 ?a e??a? ?aµ???te?e? ap? e?e??e? p?? p??ß??p??ta? st? se?????
a?af????, ?at? 21 % se pa???sµ?? ep?ped? ?a? ?at? 26 % st?? ?? ?a? t??
?p???f?e? ???e?. Se pa???sµ?? ep?ped? ?a? st?? pe??ss?te?e? pe??f??e?e?, ?
µe??s? a?t? ?a ep?te???e? µe ?s?d??aµ? µe??s? t?? e?e??e?a??? ??t?s?? ?a?
t?? ??tas?? ????a?a t?? ?ata????s?? e????e?a?.
•
St?? pe??pt?s? t?? µe??s?? ????a?a , pe??ss?te?? ap? t? ?µ?s? t??
pa???sµ?a? e?e??e?a??? ??t?s?? ?a ep?te???e? st?? ß??µ??a???? t?µ?a. ?
µe??s? t?? ??tas?? ????a?a ?a ep?te???e? ?????? µe t?? ?p??at?stas?
t?? ????a?a ?a? t?? ?????t?, ?a? se µ????te?? ßa?µ? t?? pet?e?a???, ap? t?
f?s??? a???? ?a? t? ß??µ??a· ? ??t?s? f?s???? ae???? ?a pa?aµe??e? se
?e????? ??aµµ?? sta?e?? ded?µ???? t?? ???s?? t?? ?s??????? t?? ?a?s?µ??
?p?? t?? f?s???? ae????. ??t??eta, ? ?ata????s? ß??µ??a? ?a a????e?
s?µa?t??? ?a? ? ?ata????s? p???????? e????e?a? ?a s?µe??se? stad?a??
s?µa?t??? a???s?, e?? ? ?ata????s? µe????? ???µa?a? ?d?a?????? ?a?
?e??e?µ???? e????e?a? ?a pa?aµe??e? sta?e??· t????, ? ?ata????s?
a???????, ???a??? ?a? µ????? ???µa?a? ?d?a?????? e????e?a? ?a
p???ap?as?aste? ?at? s??te?est? t?? 20.