PATRONES DE CONSUMO

Anuncio
Capítulo 2
PATRONES DE
CONSUMO
M a d r i g a l P a na & M ora M uñoz
99
ESTIMACIÓN DEL GASTO DISCRECIONAL
COSTA RICA 2004
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RESUMEN
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FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV\HVWLPDUFXiQWRGLQHURSXHGHQJDVWDUHQXQSHUtRGRGHWHUPLQDGRXQPHV\XQDxR
3DUDORJUDUORHOJDVWRGLVFUHFLRQDOIXHGH¿QLGRDWUDYpVGHOLQJUHVRQHWRGHOKRJDULGHQWL¿FDQGRXQ
XPEUDODSDUWLUGHOFXDOXQDIDPLOLDSRVHHHVWDFDSDFLGDG(VSHFt¿FDPHQWHVHHVWDEOHFLyTXHXQD
IDPLOLDWLHQHODFDSDFLGDGGHUHDOL]DUJDVWRVGLVFUHFLRQDOHVFXDQGRSRVHHXQLQJUHVRQHWRTXHHV
DOPHQRVPiVDOWRTXHHOSURPHGLRGHKRJDUHVVLPLODUHVSUHYLDFODVL¿FDFLyQGHORVKRJDUHV
SRUQ~PHURGHPLHPEURV\]RQDGHUHVLGHQFLD3DUDYHUL¿FDUODHIHFWLYLGDGGHHVWDGHFLVLyQIXHURQ
UHDOL]DGRVGLYHUVRVDQiOLVLVTXHPRVWUDURQUHVXOWDGRVVDWLVIDFWRULRV
/RV UHVXOWDGRV PXHVWUDQ TXH HQ HO SDtV HO GH ORV KRJDUHV WLHQH OD FDSDFLGDG GH UHDOL]DU
JDVWRVGLVFUHFLRQDOHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHKRJDUHVHQWRGRHOWHUULWRULRQDFLRQDO/DVFLIUDV
PHQVXDOHV UHYHODQ TXH HO JDVWR GLVFUHFLRQDO GLVSRQLEOH SRU KRJDU HV GH FRORQHV OR TXH
HTXLYDOH D FRORQHV SHU FiSLWD 6H HVWLPD TXH HO PRQWR DJUHJDGR GH JDVWR GLVFUHFLRQDO
PHQVXDOGLVSRQLEOHHQHOSDtVHVGHPLOORQHVGHFRORQHV(QWpUPLQRVDQXDOHVHOLQJUHVR
GLVFUHFLRQDO GLVSRQLEOH SRU KRJDU HV GH PLOORQHV GH FRORQHV \ D QLYHO SHU FiSLWD HV GH PLOORQHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH(OPRQWRDJUHJDGRGHJDVWRGLVFUHFLRQDOGLVSRQLEOHHQHOSDtVSDUDXQ
DxRVHHVWLPDHQELOORQHVGHFRORQHVFLIUDHTXLYDOHQWHDOGHO3URGXFWR,QWHUQR%UXWRD
SUHFLRVGHPHUFDGRSDUDHODxR
JUSTIFICACIÓN
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HQODFRPSUDGHELHQHVGXUDGHURVYLDMHVUHFUHDFLyQRHQWUHWHQLPLHQWR$GHPiVHQHOFDPSRGH
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›8QLYHUVLGDGGH&RVWD5LFD(VFXHODGH(VWDGtVWLFD
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DGTXLHUHQELHQHVRVHUYLFLRVTXHHVWiQGHWHUPLQDGRVSRUHOGHVHRGHWHQHUORV\QRSRUODQHFHVLGDG
GHHOORVSDUDVREUHYLYLU(VWHKHFKRHVWUDVFHQGHQWDOSXHVDOWUDWDUVHGHELHQHV\VHUYLFLRVTXH
QR VRQ GH SULPHUD QHFHVLGDG \ TXH JHQHUDOPHQWH VRQ FRVWRVRV FRPR SRU HMHPSOR YHKtFXORV
HQWUHWHQLPLHQWRYLDMHVSDVHRVDUWtFXORVGHWHFQRORJtDGHSXQWD\URSDGHPDUFDHVGHHVSHUDU
TXHHODJUHJDGRGHJDVWRGLVFUHFLRQDOSRVHDXQYDORUHFRQyPLFRLPSRUWDQWHHQHOPHUFDGR
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HQWUHORVKRJDUHVGHDFXHUGRFRQODFRQGLFLyQGHJDVWRGLVFUHFLRQDO6HJXLGDPHQWHVHSUHVHQWD
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GLVFUHFLRQDOGLVSRQLEOHHVGHFLUORVPRQWRVGHGLQHURTXHSXHGHQJDVWDUDGLVFUHFLyQODVIDPLOLDV
METODOLOGÍA
La temática abordada
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Anexos
Cuadro Anexo 1: Promedio de gasto de consumo anual por condición de gasto discrecional según
grupos de gasto de consumo
(en colones)
Condición
Magnitud de diferencia
Grupos de gasto de consumo
Sin GD (SGD) Con GD(CGD) Total (T)
CGD / SGD
CGD / T
Alimentación y bebidas
En alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas consumidas en hogar
546.422
907.157
617.350
1.7
1.5
Pan y cereales
126.313
163.604
133.645
1.3
1.2
Carne
98.076
186.551
115.472
1.9
1.6
Pescado
24.251
47.364
28.796
2.0
1.6
Leche . queso y huevos
84.900
141.048
95.940
1.7
1.5
Aceites y grasas
21.485
26.334
22.438
1.2
1.2
Frutas
24.790
72.794
34.229
2.9
2.1
Legumbres – Hortalizas
63.160
103.404
71.073
1.6
1.5
Azúcar y otros dulces
33.053
36.590
33.748
1.1
1.1
Otros productos alimenticios
30.560
45.475
33.492
1.5
1.4
Café. te y cacao
16.291
19.225
16.868
1.2
1.1
Gasto Refrescos
23.543
64.769
31.649
2.8
2.0
En bebidas alcohólicas consumidas en hogar
17.696
39.023
21.890
2.2
1.8
Bebidas Alcohólicas
3.497
22.619
7.257
6.5
3.1
Gasto Tabaco
14.199
16.404
14.633
1.2
1.1
Vestido y calzado
En prendas de vestir y calzado
140.370
450.846
201.416
3.2
2.2
Prendas de Vestir
98.188
344.551
146.629
3.5
2.3
Calzado
42.181
106.296
54.787
2.5
1.9
Vivienda alquilada y servicios
En alquiler en vivienda. agua. electric.. gas (sin locativo)
252.227
541.983
309.200
2.1
1.8
Alquiler
106.935
205.456
126.306
1.9
1.6
Conservación y reparación de la vivienda
12.932
34.986
17.268
2.7
2.0
Aguas y otros servicios
42.141
136.529
60.700
3.2
2.2
Servicio de electricidad y otros combustibles
90.219
165.011
104.925
1.8
1.6
Muebles y accesorios del hogar
En muebles y artículos para el hogar
157.068
685.358
260.942
4.4
2.6
Muebles y accesorios
32.639
149.830
55.681
4.6
2.7
Productos textiles para el hogar
10.217
37.748
15.630
3.7
2.4
Artefactos eléctricos para el hogar
37.732
85.979
47.218
2.3
1.8
Artículos de vidrio. vajillas y herramientas
11.841
42.669
17.903
3.6
2.4
Conservación del hogar
41.269
72.877
47.484
1.8
1.5
Servicio doméstico para el hogar
23.369
296.256
77.025
12.7
3.8
Salud
En salud
71.525
405.367
137.166
5.7
3.0
Productos. artefactos y equipo médicos
33.064
157.422
57.516
4.8
2.7
Servicios médicos y de hospital
38.461
247.944
79.650
6.4
3.1
Transporte
En transporte
232.657
1.246.129
431.928
5.4
2.9
Adquisición de vehículos
17.234
377.943
88.157
21.9
4.3
Repuestos. accesorios y mantenimiento de transporte
37.443
252.535
79.734
6.7
3.2
Combustible y lubricantes
60.581
374.261
122.257
6.2
3.1
Servicio de transporte
117.400
241.391
141.779
2.1
1.7
Comunicaciones
En comunicaciones
91.907
319.304
136.618
3.5
2.3
Servicio postal
45
236
83
5.3
2.9
Equipo telefónico y facsímil
6.312
30.239
11.017
4.8
2.7
Servicio telefónico y facsimil
85.550
288.829
125.519
3.4
2.3
Recreaciòn y cultura
En recreación y cultura
132.299
628.796
229.921
4.8
2.7
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35.132
142.379
56.219
4.1
2.5
Otro equipo de recreación
26.915
113.144
43.870
4.2
2.6
Servicio de recreación
26.667
175.692
55.969
6.6
3.1
Periódicos. libros y otros
38.445
132.248
56.889
3.4
2.3
Paquetes turísticos
5.139
65.333
16.975
12.7
3.8
Educaciòn
En educación
48.536
329.406
103.761
6.8
3.2
Enseñanza formal
32.994
288.793
83.290
8.8
3.5
Enseñanza no atribuible a ningún nivel
15.542
40.614
20.472
2.6
2.0
Alimentos y bebidas fuera del hogar
En alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas consumidas fuera del hogar
165.328
524.962
236.040
3.2
2.2
En bebidas alcohólicas consumidas fuera del hogar
10.899
51.504
18.883
4.7
2.7
Bienes y servicios diversos
Servicios de hoteles
1.826
34.401
8.231
18.8
4.2
En bienes y servicios diversos
139.648
483.533
207.263
3.5
2.3
Cuidados Personales
96.777
271.073
131.048
2.8
2.1
Efectos Personales
10.510
39.849
16.279
3.8
2.4
Seguros
5.839
54.664
15.439
9.4
3.5
Otros servicios diversos
26.522
117.947
44.498
4.4
2.7
Fuente: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. Archivo de datos Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2004
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RESULTADOS
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Mujeres,
De 50 años o más
Con estudios primarios o menos
Viudos-separados y solteros,
Que no trabajan o que son servidores domésticos
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Residen en las zonas rurales y en el resto del país
Provienen de hogares unipersonales o monoparentales,
Son hogares pequeños (2 o menos personas) y sin niños menores de 12 años
Poseen casa propia que les ha sido donada o regalada ó habitan en casas cedidas por familiares
o amigos.
Viven en casas pequeñas (60 m2 o menos) mayormente independientes construidas de zócalo o madera
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Carecen de baño, cocina, refrigeradora, lavadora y televisor a color así como de servicio de
agua por tubería dentro de la vivienda
Se abastecen de un acueducto rural o de pozos o ríos y sus desechos sanitarios desembocan
en un pozo/letrina
$GHPiV la proporción que cuenta con servicio de recolección de basura es menor que el resto
de los hogares.
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Jefaturas masculinas, menores de 40 años
Con estudios primarios o secundarios
Asalariados y conviviendo en unión libre
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Son hogares extensos, con niños menores de 12 años, con más de un hogar/ familia por
vivienda
Viven en casas alquiladas y cedidas o prestadas por trabajo
Son casas pequeñas (menos de 60 m2) y con hacinamiento (más de 2 personas por
dormitorio).
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(QPD\RUSURSRUFLyQTXHHOSURPHGLR
Carecen de baño, cocina, refrigeradora, lavadora y televisor; Evacúan los desechos sanitarios
en un pozo/letrina y
Consumen agua de pozos o ríos.
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De 50 años o más, con estudios secundarios
Casados
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Hogares sin niños menores de 12 años
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Propias totalmente pagadas
De tamaño pequeño y mediano (entre 61 a 150 m2)
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$GHPiV son hogares que muestran hacinamiento (más de 2 personas por dormitorio)
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Ducha
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Teléfono
Cámara de video y
Vehículo
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Jefaturas masculinas
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Casados
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Casas propias totalmente pagadas e independientes
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Con poco hacinamiento (entre 1 y –de 2 personas por dormitorio) y
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Ellos ahorran en una proporción 30% más alta que el promedio
Cuentan con empleada doméstica que come en el hogar en una proporción 50% mayor al
promedio de hogares.
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Ducha
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Equipo de sonido
Cámara de video
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Son adultos jóvenes (menores de 40 años) con estudios secundarios (bastante más que el
promedio) o universitarios (un poco más que el promedio)
Hay más divorciados y asalariados que en el promedio de hogares
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Residen en casas propias que las están pagando, en casas alquiladas y en casas cedidas/
prestadas por trabajo
Viven en casas pequeñas y medianas (61 a 150 m2)
Con poco hacinamiento (entre 1 y – de 2 personas por dormitorio)
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Con educación universitaria y que son patronos
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Hogares concentrados en la región central y en las zonas urbanas
En hogares nucleares conyugales con baja proporción de niños menores de 12 años
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Casas propias -aunque las están pagando
De tamaño mediano y en mayor proporción grande (101-200m2 y de más de 200 m2)
Construidas con block y ladrillo
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Sin problemas de hacinamiento (menos de 1 persona por dormitorio)
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En proporción extremadamente superior al promedio, cuentan con 1 o 2 servidoras domésticas
que comen en el hogar.
La proporción que ahorra es más de un 300% mayor a la que realiza esto en el promedio de los
hogares costarricenses.
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