revistas.uned.es - e

Anuncio
El chanciller indiano: notas
para su historia durante
la monarquía borbónica, 1706-1819
Víctor Gayol
El Colegio de Michoacán (México)
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia durante la
monarquía borbónica, 1706-1819
The Indian chancellor: notes for his story during the Bourbon monarchy, 1706-1819
Víctor Gayol
Centro de Estudios Históricos
El Colegio de Michoacán (México)
vgayol@colmich.edu.mx
Recibido: 29 de enero de 2014
Aceptado: 02 de junio de 2014
Resumen
&RQODFRQYHUVLyQGHORÀFLRGHFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUPD\RUGH,QGLDVDXQELHQ
SDWULPRQLDO PiV ODV IUDJPHQWDFLRQHV HQ GLYHUVRV SURSLHWDULRV TXH VXIULy HQ OD
(VSDxD GH ORV$XVWULD VH FUHDURQ IXHUWHV LQWHUHVHV VXFHVRULRV HQWUH YDULDV UHGHV
IDPLOLDUHVGHOD1XHYD(VSDxD\OD3HQtQVXOD/RVSOHLWRVGHVXFHVLyQHQWRUSHFLHURQ
HOSURFHVRGHLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHGLFKRRÀFLRFRPHQ]DGRSRU&DUORV,,,(OSUHVHQWH
WUDEDMRHVXQEUHYHUHVXPHQGHHVDKLVWRULD\DOJXQDVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVDOUHVSHFWR
GHORVRÀFLRVS~EOLFRVDOÀQDOGHODQWLJXRUpJLPHQ
Palabras clave: 2ÀFLRVS~EOLFRV5HIRUPDVERUEyQLFDV3RGHU5HGHVIDPLOLDUHV
Abstract
7KHFRQYHUVLRQRI WKHSXEOLFRIÀFHRIchanciller y registrador mayor de Indias
WR D SULYDWH SURSHUW\ SOXV WKHLU IUDJPHQWDWLRQ DPRQJ VHYHUDO RZQHUV GXULQJ WKH
+DEVEXUJ 6SDLQ UHVXOWHG LQ WKH DSSHDUDQFH RI PDQ\ LQWHUHVWV DPRQJ YDULRXV
IDPLO\ LQKHULWDQFH QHWZRUNV LQ WKH 1HZ 6SDLQ DQG 6SDLQ 6XFFHVVLRQ GLVSXWHV
KLQGHUHGWKHLQFRUSRUDWLRQRIWKHSXEOLFRIÀFHWRWKH&URZQVWDUWHGE\&DUORV,,,
7KLVHVVD\LVDEULHIVXPPDU\RIWKLVKLVWRULFDOSURFHVVZLWKVRPHFRQVLGHUDWLRQV
DERXWWKHQDWXUHRISXEOLFRIÀFHDWWKHHQGRIWKHAnciene regime
Keywords: 3XEOLF2IÀFHV%RXUERQ5HIRUPV3RZHU)DPLO\1HWZRUNV
Para citar este artículo: *D\RO9tFWRU(OFKDQFLOOHULQGLDQRQRWDVSDUDVX
KLVWRULDGXUDQWHODPRQDUTXtDERUEyQLFDRevista de HumanidadesQ
S,661
SUMARIO ,QWURGXFFLyQ /D IUDJPHQWDFLyQ GHO RÀFLR GH JUDQ FKDQFLOOHU
\ UHJLVWUDGRU 8Q PLOLWDU HQ DVFHQVR$ SURSyVLWR GH OD PRYLOLGDG HVSDFLDO \
VRFLDOORVVDEHUHV\ODVUHGHVHQODPRQDUTXtD3URSLHGDG\HMHUFLFLRGHORÀFLR
GH FKDQFLOOHU HQ HO FRQWH[WR GHO SOHLWR VXFHVRULR 8Q SURFHVR LQFRPSOHWR OD
LQFRUSRUDFLyQGHORÀFLRDOD&RURQD&RORIyQ%LEOLRJUDItD
245
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
(OR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUGHODV$XGLHQFLDVLQGLDQDVIXHPX\LPSRUWDQWH
GHVGHVXFUHDFLyQ\VXKLVWRULDFRUUHSDUDOHODDODGHODV$XGLHQFLDV&RPRUHJLVWUDGRU
VHHQFDUJDEDGHOOHYDUFRSLD\UHJLVWURGHODV5HDOHV3URYLVLRQHVH[SHGLGDVSRUOD
5HDO$XGLHQFLDDQRPEUHGHOPRQDUFD\FRQVXVHOOR&RPRFKDQFLOOHUVHHQFDUJDED
GHODFXVWRGLD\YLJLODQFLDGHOXVRGHOVHOORUHDOTXHHUDQRVRODPHQWHHOUHVSDOGR
ItVLFRDODVDFWXDFLRQHVGHOD$XGLHQFLD\5HDO$FXHUGRDQRPEUHGHOPRQDUFDVLQR
TXH OR VLPEROL]DED \ UHSUHVHQWDED GLUHFWDPHQWH IRUPDQGR SDUWH GHO FRQMXQWR GH
DWULEXWRVGHOSRGHUUHJLRPHGLDQWHHOFXDOVHPDQWHQtDHOFRQWUROSROtWLFRHQWLHUUDV
OHMDQDVVHOORUHWUDWRVDFXxDFLyQGHPRQHGDV\FHUHPRQLDV*yPH]1
$ORODUJRGHOVLJOR;9,ORVR¿FLRVGHFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUQRUPDOPHQWH
VHSDUDGRV WXYLHURQ XQD KLVWRULD VLPLODU D OD GH ORV GHPiV R¿FLRV S~EOLFRV VLQ
MXULVGLFFLyQ YLQFXODGRV D ODV $XGLHQFLDV LQGLDQDV RFDVLRQDOPHQWH DO SULQFLSLR \
PiVVLVWHPiWLFDPHQWHD¿QDOHVGHOVLJOR;9,\SULQFLSLRVGHO;9,,HUDQDVLJQDGRV
PHGLDQWHYHQWDJHQHUDOPHQWHWUDVUHPDWHHQDOPRQHGDDOPHMRUSRVWRU\UHTXHUtDQ
GHFRQ¿UPDFLyQUHDO(OR¿FLRTXHGDEDYDFDQWHDODPXHUWHGHOWHQHGRU\OD5HDO
+DFLHQGDSRGtDSRQHUORQXHYDPHQWHHQVXEDVWDRHOSURSLHWDULRSRGtDUHQXQFLDUOR
EDMR FLHUWDV UHJODV TXH VH IXHURQ KDFLHQGR PiV SUHFLVDV FRQ HO WLHPSR 7RPiV \
9DOLHQWH'HWDOPDQHUDORVR¿FLRVGHFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUQRUHVXOWDEDQ
R¿FLRVS~EOLFRVDORVTXHKXELHVHTXHSRQHUXQDDWHQFLyQGLIHUHQWHTXHDORVGHPiV
KDVWDORVSULPHURVDxRVGHOVLJOR;9,,6LQHPEDUJRWUDVODUHDFWLYDFLyQGHOR¿FLRGH
FKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUGHO&RQVHMRGH,QGLDVKHFKDSRUHOFRQGHGXTXHGH2OLYDUHV
6FKlIHUODVLWXDFLyQFDPELyUDGLFDOPHQWH
(OFRQGHGXTXHGH2OLYDUHVREWXYRODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHU\
UHJLVWUDGRUPD\RUGHODV,QGLDVDWtWXORSHUSHWXRPHGLDQWHMXURGHKHUHGDGHQ\
FLQFRDxRVGHVSXpVODYLQFXODFLyQGHOR¿FLRDOD&DVDGH2OLYDUHV5HVXOWDPX\GLItFLO
LQWHUSUHWDUTXHHVWDSDWULPRQLDOL]DFLyQUDGLFDOKD\DVLJQL¿FDGRXQJUDQSUREOHPDSDUD
ORV$XVWULDDOHQDMHQDUODSURSLHGDGDSHUSHWXLGDGGHXQR¿FLRS~EOLFR6LPSOHPHQWH
VHFUHDEDXQDVLWXDFLyQGLVWLQWDFRQUHVSHFWRDORVGHPiVR¿FLRVS~EOLFRVYHQDOHVTXH
TXHGDEDQEDMRHOUXEURDPSOLDPHQWHUHJXODGRGHORVR¿FLRVYHQGLEOHV\UHQXQFLDEOHV
FRPRVHSXHGHDSUHFLDUHQHO7UDWDGRGHFRQ¿UPDFLRQHVUHDOHVGH$QWRQLRGH/HyQ
3LQHOR /HyQ 3LQHOR \ HO UHVWR GH OD QRUPDWLYD JHQHUDGD (O SUREOHPD HV
TXHHVWDSDWULPRQLDOL]DFLyQSURYRFyDODODUJDODSUROLIHUDFLyQGHPXFKRVOLWLJLRV
1 6REUHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOVHOOR\VXXVRLQGHELGRWLSL¿FDGRFRPRFDVRGHFRUWHGHOLWRGHOHVD
PDMHVWDGYpDVHHODUWtFXORGH5DIDHO'LHJR)HUQiQGH]HQHVWDPLVPDSXEOLFDFLyQ
(UQHVWR6FKlIHUGHVFULELyKDFHFDVLRFKHQWDDxRVGHPDQHUDPDJLVWUDOODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDV
TXHOOHYDURQDODUHDFWLYDFLyQGHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHUGH,QGLDVHQODSHUVRQDGHOFRQGHGXTXHGH
2OLYDUHVDHVFDVRVGRVDxRVGHKDEHUVHFRQYHUWLGRHQYDOLGRGH)HOLSH,9FRQODVSUHHPLQHQFLDV
TXHKDEtDWHQLGRDQWHULRUPHQWHVXHMHUFLFLRHQODpSRFDGH0HUFXULR*DWWLQDUD\GHOPDUTXpVGH
&DPDUDVVD'LHJRGHORV&RERVR¿FLRTXH\DWHQtDDQH[RHORWURGHUHJLVWUDGRUSDUDOD
pSRFDGH2OLYDUHV
246
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
$OJXQRV IXHURQ VLPSOHV SOHLWRV GH SUHFHGHQFLD HQ ODV GLYHUVDV$XGLHQFLDV GDGDV
ODVSUHHPLQHQFLDV\KRQRUHVFRQORVTXHVHUHFXEULyQXHYDPHQWHHOWtWXORJUDFLDVD
2OLYDUHV,QFOXVRFRQWDPRVFRQWUDWDGRVGHODpSRFDVREUHODLPSRUWDQFLDSROtWLFD\HO
SUHVWLJLRGHO*UDQFKDQFLOOHUFRPRHOGH$QWRQLRGH/HyQ3LQHOR/RKPDQQ
/RVPiVFRPSOLFDGRVIXHURQORVSOHLWRVSRUGHUHFKRVDODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLR\VXV
EHQH¿FLRVYLQFXODGRVFRQOLWLJLRVVXFHVRULRVFRPRORVTXHWUDWDUHPRVHQHVWHWUDEDMR\
TXHVHLQFUHPHQWDURQVREUHWRGRWUDVODVIUDJPHQWDFLRQHVGHOR¿FLRGH\GH
3DUDORV%RUEyQVLQHPEDUJRSHURVREUHWRGRSDUD&DUORV,,,\VXVFRQVHMHURV
\PLQLVWURVUHIRUPLVWDVFRPR-RVpGH*iOYH]UHVXOWDEDLUUHJXODUODPHUDH[LVWHQFLD
GH XQ R¿FLR S~EOLFR FX\D SURSLHGDG TXHGDED HQ PDQRV GH SDUWLFXODUHV \ VLQ XQ
HVWULFWR FRQWURO ¿VFDO DO PRPHQWR GH HIHFWXDUVH ODV WUDVPLVLRQHV VXFHVRULDV FRPR
HOTXHWHQtDQORVR¿FLRVYHQGLEOHV\UHQXQFLDEOHV'HWDOPDQHUDTXHDODSULPHUD
RSRUWXQLGDGVHLQLFLyHOSURFHVRGHLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHHVWRVR¿FLRVDOD&RURQD
2. LA FRAGMENTACIÓN DEL OFICIO DE GRAN CHANCILLER Y
REGISTRADOR
4XHGDPXFKRSRUUHÀH[LRQDUUHVSHFWRDOLPSDFWRTXHWXYRODUDGLFDOOLEHUDOLGDG
GH)HOLSH,9DODKRUDHQODTXHGHFLGLyFRQYHUWLUHVWHR¿FLRS~EOLFRHQHOSULYLOHJLR
SDWULPRQLDOGHXQSDUWLFXODUVXYDOLGRGRQ*DVSDUGH*X]PiQ\3LPHQWHOSRUMXUR
GHKHUHGDGXQD¿JXUDMXUtGLFDSDUDODPHUFHGGHR¿FLRVS~EOLFRVTXH\DKDEtDFDtGR
HQ GHVXVR SDUD HO VLJOR ;9,, SXHV VH KDEtD FRQ¿JXUDGR JUDFLDV D OD H[SHULHQFLD
LQGLDQDRWURHVWDWXWRMXUtGLFRPHQRVOHVLYRDODVUHJDOtDVGHODPRQDUTXtD±DXQTXH
QR SRU HOOR FRPSOHMR \ SUREOHPiWLFR \ TXH FRQVLVWtD HQ ORV R¿FLRV YHQGLEOHV \
UHQXQFLDEOHV*D\RO3HURVLSRUDOJRVHFDUDFWHUL]DVXUHLQDGRIXHSRUHOJUDQ
LPSXOVRTXHUHFLELyODYHQDOLGDGGHORVR¿FLRVS~EOLFRV
$ODHQDMHQDFLyQSRUMXURGHKHUHGDGGHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRU
GH,QGLDVHQODSHUVRQDGHOFRQGHGXTXHVREUHYLQRDGHPiVODYLQFXODFLyQGHOR¿FLR
DODFDVDGH2OLYDUHVHQHVGHFLUVXtQWLPDVXMHFLyQFRPRSURSLHGDGDQH[DDXQ
PD\RUD]JR\DORVWtWXORVQRELOLDULRVDGTXLULGRV(QWpUPLQRVHVWULFWRVHVWRHUDKDFHU
PiVSDWULPRQLDOD~QHOGRPLQLR\FRQWUROGHXQDDFFLyQVXEVLGLDULDGHOSRGHUSROtWLFR
GHOPRQDUFD&DWRUFHDxRVGHVSXpV2OLYDUHVVROLFLWyOLFHQFLDSDUDGHVPHPEUDUGH
VX FDVD \ WtWXORV SHUVRQDOHV HO R¿FLR FRQ HO REMHWR GH IUDFFLRQDU HQ VXV GLYHUVRV
GHVFHQGLHQWHVVXVSURSLHGDGHV\WtWXORVLQFOXLGRHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHUHQ
/DSDUWHFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDOFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUPD\RUGH,QGLDVTXHGyYLQFXODGR
DOD&DVDGH2OLYDUHVPLHQWUDVTXHHOWtWXORGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUPD\RUGH
ODV$XGLHQFLDVGH,QGLDVTXHGyYLQFXODGRDODFDVD\WtWXORGHOPDUTXpVGH0DLUHQD
HV GHFLU D OD GHVFHQGHQFLD QDWXUDO GHO FRQGH GXTXH TXH WDQ DIDQRVDPHQWH ORJUy
OHJDOL]DU +HUUHUD $TXt HPSH]y OD IUDJPHQWDFLyQ \ pVWH ~OWLPR HV HO TXH
QRVLPSRUWDHQDGHODQWHDXQTXHGHVSXpVWHQJDPRVTXHUHJUHVDUDOFRQMXQWRSDUDOD
LQFRUSRUDFLyQGH
247
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
(OPDUTXpVGH0DLUHQD(QULTXH)HOtSH]GH*X]PiQQDFLGR-XOLiQ*X]PiQ
$QYHUVDIXHSURSLHWDULRGHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUGHODVDXGLHQFLDV
LQGLDQDVGHVGH$VXPXHUWHHQODSURSLHGDGSDVyDVXKLMRUHFLpQQDFLGR
*DVSDU)HOtSH]GH*X]PiQ\9HODVFRTXLHQPXULyDORVGRVDxRVGHHGDGHQ
/RVHVIXHU]RVGHOFRQGHGXTXHSRUHVWDEOHFHUXQOLQDMHDWUDYpVGHOD&DVD0DLUHQD
VH YLR FDQFHODGR 6H LQLFLy HQWRQFHV XQ SOHLWR VXFHVRULR GH FDVL YHLQWH DxRV TXH
DFDEyHQVHQWHQFLDDIDYRUGH5DPLUR1~xH])HOLSHGH*X]PiQGXTXHGH0HGLQD
GHODV7RUUHV\6DQO~FDUOD0D\RU\PDUTXpVGH0DLUHQDTXLHQKDEtDVLGR\HUQRGHO
FRQGHGXTXH 3RU SDUWLFLRQHV HQWUH ORV VXFHVRUHV GHO GXTXH HO R¿FLR GHEtD KDEHU
TXHGDGRHQSRGHUGHOHUPDUTXpVGH/HJDQpV'LHJR)HOtSH]GH*X]PiQGXTXH
GH 6DQO~FDU OD 0D\RU HQ TXLHQ UHFD\y OD FDVD HVWDGR GH 0DLUHQD \ 0RUDWD 6LQ
HPEDUJRHOPDUTXpVGH/HJDQpVWXYRTXHSOHLWHDUSRUHVRVR¿FLRV$OSDUHFHUOD
FKDQFLOOHUtD \ VHOOR GH ODV$XGLHQFLDV DXVWUDOHV /LPD &KDUFDV &KLOH 6DQWD )H
3DQDPi\4XLWRQRHVWDEDHQSRVHVLyQGHOPDUTXpVGH/HJDQpVKDFLDSXHV
HQFRQWUDPRVXQDVXSOLFDWRULD\XQSOHLWRLQLFLDGRVREUHVXSURSLHGDGFRQHO¿VFDO
GHO &RQVHMR GH ,QGLDV HQ HO FXDO )HOtSH] GH *X]PiQ SHGtD VX UHVWLWXFLyQ 3HUR
DXQTXHQRKHORJUDGRGHWHUPLQDUHQTXpWHUPLQyHOSURFHVRKD\QRWLFLDVGHTXHHUDQ
SURSLHGDGGHOžPDUTXpVGH$VWRUJDKDFLDHVGHFLUTXHUHJUHVDURQDIRUPDU
SDUWH GH OD VXFHVLyQ GH OD &DVD GH 0DLUHQD 'LFKR SOHLWR HVWDED UHODFLRQDGR FRQ
RWURVTXHYHQtDQDJLWiQGRVHGHVGHVREUHODH[WLQFLyQGHODPHUFHGDQXDOGH
PLOGXFDGRVGHSODWDFRQTXH)HOLSH,9GRWyDOHVWDGR\&DVDGH6DQO~FDUOD0D\RU
LPSXHVWRVVREUHHOSURGXFWRGHORVPDHVWUDMHVGHODDUPDGDGHOD&DUUHUDGH,QGLDV
5HVXOWDFODURHQWRQFHVTXHDQWHODFDQFHODFLyQGHXQDMXJRVDGRWDFLyQDQXDOSDUDVX
KDFLHQGDSRUHOODGRGHOPD\RUD]JRGH0DLUHQDHOHUPDUTXpVGH/HJDQpVEXVFDUD
ODPHMRUHVWUDWHJLDSDUDSDOLDUORVHIHFWRVQHJDWLYRVDVXHFRQRPtDFDXVDGDVSRUODV
QXHYDVGLVSRVLFLRQHVUHJLDV
3DUDHORULJHQGHOD&DVDGH0DLUHQD+HUUHUD
'LHJR'iYLOD0HVtD)HOtSH]GH*X]PiQ\&yUGRYD5RMDVIžPDUTXpVGH0RUDWD
GHOD9HJDžPDUTXpVGH0DLUHQD(QODGRFXPHQWDFLyQFRQVXOWDGDOROODPDQVRODPHQWH'LHJR)HOtSH]
GH*X]PiQ
$*,(VFULEDQtD
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOI6HWUDWDGH9LFHQWH-RDTXtQ2VRULRGH0RVFRVR\
*X]PiQž0DUTXpVGH$VWRUJDHQWUHRWURVYDULRVWtWXORVTXHLQFOX\HHOGHPDUTXpVGH
/HJDQpVGH0DLUHQD\HOGHGXTXHGH6DQO~FDUOD0D\RU
(O ³SURGXFWR GH ORV PDHVWUDMHV´ VH UH¿HUH D ORV EHQH¿FLRV SRU OD YHQWD GH ORV FDUJRV GH
FDSLWiQGHQDYtRPDHVWUHHVSHFLDOL]DGRHQODFRQGXFFLyQGHSODWDPDHVWUHGHSODWDTXHFRPHQ]DURQ
DUHPDWDUVHSUHFLVDPHQWHGXUDQWHHOUHLQDGRGH)HOLSH,9\HQORVPHMRUHVWLHPSRVGHOFRQGHGXTXH
3RU HMHPSOR 'RPtQJXH] 2UWL] FDOFXOD TXH HO LQJUHVR SRU HO EHQH¿FLR GH PDHVWUDMHV SDUD HO DxR GH
IXHGHUHDOHVUHDOHVSDUD\UHDOHVSDUD'RPtQJXH]
(OSUREOHPDFRQODDVLJQDFLyQDQXDOGHORVPLOGXFDGRVDOFRQGHGXTXHUDGLFyHQTXHHOLQJUHVR
SRU EHQH¿FLRV HUD ÀXFWXDQWH PLHQWUDV TXH OD GRWDFLyQ DO PD\RUD]JR HUD ¿MD FRVD TXH \D FRQVLJQy
'RPtQJXH]2UWL]ÈOYDUH]
248
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
(Q HVWH FRQWH[WR GHEHPRV DQDOL]DU OD YHQWD TXH KL]R HO HU PDUTXpV GH
/HJDQpV GH ORV R¿FLRV LQGLDQRV VHSWHQWULRQDOHV (O GH MXOLR GH REWXYR
OLFHQFLDGH)HOLSH9SDUDIUDJPHQWDUGHQXHYDFXHQWDHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHU
\UHJLVWUDGRUGHODV$XGLHQFLDVGH,QGLDV\DVtSRQHUHQDOPRQHGDHOWtWXORUHODWLYR
DODVFLQFR$XGLHQFLDVGHO9LUUHLQDWRGHOD1XHYD(VSDxDHQHO&RQVHMRHVGHFLU
ODV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D ODV $XGLHQFLDV GH 0p[LFR 6DQWR 'RPLQJR *XDWHPDOD
*XDGDODMDUD\)LOLSLQDV(OFRPSUDGRUGHOR¿FLRQRSURYHQtDGHDQWLJXRVOLQDMHVGH
ODDOWDQREOH]DSXHVVHWUDWDEDGHXQPLOLWDUFiQWDEURTXHWHUPLQyHQOD]DQGRVXYLGD
\HOGHVWLQRGHOR¿FLRFRQXQDLPSRUWDQWHUHGIDPLOLDUGHFRPHUFLDQWHVDVHQWDGRVHQ
OD1XHYD(VSDxDGHVGHHOVLJOR;9,,
3. UN MILITAR EN ASCENSO. A PROPÓSITO DE LA MOVILIDAD ESPACIAL Y SOCIAL, LOS SABERES Y LAS REDES EN LA
MONARQUÍA
8Q FRQFHSWR FODYH SDUD HQWHQGHU OD GLQiPLFD GH OD VRFLHGDG OD HFRQRPtD
OD FXOWXUD \ ODV IRUPDV GH JRELHUQR HQ ODV PRQDUTXtDV LEpULFDV SDUWLFXODUPHQWH
OD KLVSiQLFD HV HO GH OD PRYLOLGDG FRQVWDQWH WDQWR VRFLDO FRPR HVSDFLDO TXH
SHUPLWLy\VRVWXYRODFRPSOHMDIRUPDFLyQGHUHGHVVRFLDOHVDXQR\RWURODGRGHO
$WOiQWLFR\TXHVHFDUDFWHUL]DURQSRUXQDH[WUHPDFRKHVLyQ\VROLGDULGDGHQWUHVXV
PLHPEURV2WURFRQFHSWRFODYHHVHOGHORVVDEHUHV\ODYRFDFLyQSRUODHQVHxDQ]D
TXHHQHVWHFDVRTXHWUDWDUHPRVQRUHVXOWDFRQIRUPHDORVFRQWH[WRVQRWDEOHVGHODV
XQLYHUVLGDGHVHVWDEOHFLGDVRGHORVFDELOGRVFDWHGUDOHV\VXSURSHQVLyQSRUUHD¿UPDU
ODWUDGLFLyQVLQRPiVELHQHQORVWpUPLQRVGHODVREUDV³WpFQLFDV´GHOVDEHUPLOLWDU
TXHQHFHVDULDPHQWHWHQGUHPRVTXHWRFDU3DUWHVXVWDQFLDOGHODPRYLOLGDGHUDQHVDV
UHGHVWHMLGDVSRUORVVXMHWRVTXHLEDQ\YHQtDQGHXQODGRDORWURGHOPDURUDFRQXQD
FRPLVLyQRUDFRQXQWtWXORRUDFRQXQDPHUFHGRUDFRQODH[FOXVLYDLGHDGHKDFHU
IRUWXQD)LQDOPHQWHORVLQWHUHVHVGHHVWRVVXMHWRV±PDJLVWUDGRVPLOLWDUHVSHUODGRV
RPHURVGHSHQGLHQWHVGHORVFRPHUFLDQWHVVHHQWUHYHUDEDQDODODUJDFRQLQWHUHVHV
\SRGHUHVHFRQyPLFRV\SROtWLFRVTXHWHQtDQDOPLVPRWLHPSRXQSLpDTXt\RWURDOOi
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDO\$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOIU
6REUHHOFRQFHSWRGHPRYLOLGDGUHVXOWDPX\LPSRUWDQWHODOHFWXUDGHORVFLQFRHMHVUHFWRUHV
GHORTXHGHEHUtDVHU±LGHDOPHQWH±QXHVWURDFWXDOLQWHQWRGHFRPSUHQVLyQGHODVUHDOLGDGHVGHORVVLJORV
;9,;9,,,ODPRYLOLGDGHVSDFLDO\VRFLDOODSUHVHQFLDGHODVFLXGDGHVODYRFDFLyQSRUHOVDEHU
\ODHQVHxDQ]D(OUH\\VXVMXHFHV\/DKLVSDQL]DFLyQGHO³RWUR´FX\DKLVWRULRJUDItDEiVLFD\
UHÀH[LyQVHHQFXHQWUDQHQGRVHQVD\RVELEOLRJUi¿FRVGHÏVFDU0D]tQ0D]tQ\'HDKt
PLVPRGHEHUHVFDWDUVHHOFRQMXQWRGHWUDEDMRVGH-HDQ3DXO=~xLJDTXHGDQFXHQWDGHOIHQyPHQRSDUD
HOSURFHVRHQHOUHLQRGH&KLOH=~xLJD\ORVWH[WRVVREUHODEDVHMXUtGLFDTXHFRQWH[W~DGLFKD
PRYLOLGDGFRPRSURSLDGHORUGHQHQWRQFHVYLJHQWH+HVSDQKD(VWHHVTXHPDHVWi\DSUHVHQWH
HQXQWUDEDMRDQWHULRUGH0D]tQ0D]tQTXHIXHSURGXFWRGHXQFRORTXLRGHKLVWRULDFRPSDUDGD
HQHOTXHVHGLVFXWLyODSHUWLQHQFLDGHHVWDEOHFHUGLUHFWULFHVSDUDHOHVWXGLRGHXQDKLVWRULDFRQHFWDGD
GHOFRQMXQWRGHODPRQDUTXtDKLVSiQLFDDQLYHOSODQHWDULRDQWHVGHODDSDULFLyQSUHFLVDGHOFRQFHSWRGH
KLVWRULDFRQHFWDGDHQWUDEDMRVFRPRORVGH*UX]LQVNL*UX]LQVNL\
249
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
3RURWURODGRSDUWHGHHVDYRFDFLyQSRUHOVDEHUHUDQORVSDUHFHUHVGHSHULWRVVREUH
DVSHFWRV PLOLWDUHV GH GHIHQVD \ IRUWL¿FDFLRQHV DVt FRPR ORV LPSUHVRV TXH KDFtDQ
S~EOLFDVODVGLVFXVLRQHVUHVSHFWRDFXHVWLRQHVTXHDFHUFDEDQODGHVWUH]DGHOPDQHMR
GHODVDUPDVFRQOD¿ORVRItDODFLHQFLD\HODUWH
8Q SHUVRQDMH FX\D YLGD D XQR \ RWUR ODGR GHO$WOiQWLFR HMHPSOL¿FD ELHQ HO
IHQyPHQRIXH)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGDTXLHQTXHGyLQYROXFUDGRHQHOSXQWRGH
DUUDQTXHGHOSURFHVRGHIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUGH,QGLDV
$XQTXHHOWHPDTXHQRVLQWHUHVDDTXtHVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHOGHODKLVWRULDVHJXLGDSRU
HOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUODHVWUXFWXUD\IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHHVWDVUHGHV
IDPLOLDUHVFRPRHVHOFDVRGHODFiQWDEUDQRYRKLVSDQDHQODTXHVHLQFUXVWyQXHVWUR
PLOLWDUDVtFRPRODYRFDFLyQSRUHOVDEHU\ODHQVHxDQ]DDWUDYpVGHVXVHVFULWRVVRQ
HOHPHQWRVTXHHFKDQOX]DODGLQiPLFDDODFXDOIXHYLQFXODGRHOR¿FLRS~EOLFRSRUVX
FDUiFWHUSDWULPRQLDOSRUORFXDOYDOHODSHQDGHWHQHUVHHQHOOR$PEDVFLUFXQVWDQFLDV
QRVOOHYDQDFRQVLGHUDURWURHOHPHQWRORVUHTXLVLWRVGHQREOH]D\SUHHPLQHQFLDVGH
ORVVXMHWRVLGyQHRV
/RUHQ] GH 5DGD QDFLy HQ /DUHGR &DQWDEULD ca \ HQWUy DO VHUYLFLR
PLOLWDUGHOD&RURQDHQPDU]RGHHOPD\RUWLHPSRGHpOHQOD$UPDGDGHO0DU
2FpDQR11FRQORFXDOHVWXYRLQYROXFUDGRHQDOJXQDVDFFLRQHVGHGHIHQVDGHSOD]DV
PLOLWDUHV \ UHVJXDUGR GH ORV YLDMHV GH OD ÀRWD TXH OH JUDQMHDURQ OD DGPLUDFLyQ \
VLPSDWtDGHVXVVXSHULRUHV/RVLQIRUPHVGHVXVVXSHULRUHVTXHDYDODQVXSUREDQ]D
GHPpULWRVHORJLDEDQVXGLVFLSOLQDYDORU\OHDOWDGGXUDQWHVXVHUYLFLRGLVWLQJXLGR
HOHPHQWRVGHWHUPLQDQWHVSDUDTXH/RUHQ]ORJUDVHHODVFHQVRGHFDSLWiQGHLQIDQWHUtD
DPDHVWUHGHFDPSRVXLQJUHVRDODSUHFLDGDRUGHQGH&DEDOOHURVGH6DQWLDJR\VX
QRPEUDPLHQWRFRPRFRUUHJLGRU\JREHUQDGRUGHODVDUPDVGHODFLXGDGGH9HUDFUX]
)XHEDXWL]DGRHOGHRFWXEUHGHVHJ~QODVSUREDQ]DVSUHVHQWDGDVSDUDODREWHQFLyQ
GHOKiELWRGHODRUGHQGH6DQWLDJR9iOJRPD6XDEXHORPDWHUQRIXH'RQ*DUFtDGH5DGD
11 /D $UPDGD GHO 0DU 2FpDQR HQ HO VLJOR ;9,, HUD XQD GH ODV GLYHUVDV IXHU]DV QDYDOHV
UHJODGDVSRUOD&RURQD6XIXQFLyQHUDODGHIHQVDGHODVFRVWDVSHQLQVXODUHV\ODSURWHFFLyQGHODVÀRWDV
TXHWUDQVLWDEDQHQWUH(VSDxD\ODV,QGLDVFRQDFFLyQVREUHWRGRHQHO$WOiQWLFRQRUWH6HODGLVWLQJXtD
GHOD(VFXDGUDVGHJDOHUDVHQFDUJDGDVGHO0HGLWHUUiQHRGHOD$UPDGDGH)ODQGHVSDUDHOFDQDOGH
OD0DQFKDGHOD$UPDGDGHOD*XDUGDGHOD&DUUHUDGH,QGLDVGHVWLQDGDDOiUHDGHODV$]RUHVGHOD
$UPDGDGH%DUORYHQWRGHVWLQDGDDO&DULEH\FRQGHGLFDFLyQDOFRQWUROGHODSLUDWHUtD\HOFRQWUDEDQGR
\GHOD$UPDGDGHO0DUGHO6XUGHVWLQDGDDFXEULUHOSDVRHQWUH3HU~\HOLVWPRSDQDPHxR3L&RUUDOHV
6XFDUUHUDPLOLWDUGHDxRVFRPSUHQGLyPiVGHRQFHDxRVHQOD$UPDGDGHO0DU2FpDQR
PiVGHRFKRDxRVHQHO7HUFLRGHO0DHVWUHGH&DPSR3HGUR)HUQiQGH]1DYDUUHWHDOJRPiVGHXQDxR
FRPRFDSLWiQGHLQIDQWHUtDHQODJXDUQLFLyQGHODFDSLWDQtDUHDOGH&XDWUR9LOODVGHOD&RVWDGHO0DU
DOJRPiVGHGRVDxRVFRPRFDSLWiQUHIRUPDGR'RVDOPLUDQWHVJHQHUDOHV\XQPDHVWUHGHFDPSRGHOD
$UPDGDORUHFRPHQGDEDQ³FRQWRGDDSUREDFLyQ\FUpGLWR«SDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQORVYLDMHVTXHKDKHFKR
HQOD$UPDGDDOUHVJXDUGRGHÀRWDV\JDOHRQHVVRFRUURVHQORVSUHVLGLRVGHÈIULFD\ORVFRQWUDWLHPSRV
TXHWXYRODQXHYD&DSLWDQtDVREUH6DQWRxDHQFRQRFLGRULHVJRGHSHUGHUVHPDQLIHVWyJUDQWHVyQ\
YDORUFRPRDVLPLVPRHQODJXDUGLD\FXVWRGLDGHHOODFXDQGRDUULEyDO3XHUWRGHORV3DVDMHV«´$*,
,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDO1
$+1&RQVHMRGHyUGHQHV2P&DEDOOHURVGH6DQWLDJR\
250
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
\WHQLHQWHGHFDSLWiQJHQHUDOWRGRHOORHQHODxRGH6LQHPEDUJRHVSRVLEOH
TXH MXQWR D ORV PpULWRV KD\D WHQLGR PXFKR SHVR HO EHQH¿FLR GH PLO SHVRV TXH
/RUHQ] SDJy D OD &RURQD SRU HO WtWXOR GH FRUUHJLGRU 6DQ] VV XQD SOD]D
PLOLWDU HVWUDWpJLFD PX\ LPSRUWDQWH SDUD OD &RURQD \ FX\R HQFDUJR GHPDQGDED
FRPRPtQLPRHOUDQJRGHPDHVWUHGHFDPSR7RPySRVHVLyQGHVXSXHVWRHOGH
QRYLHPEUHGH
$QWHVGHDVXPLUHOJRELHUQRGH9HUDFUX]/RUHQ]VHGLRWLHPSRSDUDHVFULELU
\PDQGDULPSULPLUHQ0DGULGXQOLEURTXHVHLQVFULEtDHQXQDSROpPLFDSDUWLFXODU
HQODPRQDUTXtDHVSDxRODHQHVRVDxRVVREUHHODUWHGHODHVJULPD/RUHQ]
HQWUH ORV VHJXLGRUHV GH OD ³YHUGDGHUD GHVWUH]D´ -HUyQLPR GH &DUUDQ]D \ /XLV
3DFKHFR GH 1DUYiH] \ ORV GH OD ³GHVWUH]D YXOJDU´ (VSLQR (O WH[WR GH
DOJR PiV GH GRVFLHQWDV SiJLQDV HV OD UHIXWDFLyQ D XQ SDSHO DQyQLPR LPSUHVR HQ
0DGULGHQ\HVFULWRSRU³XQD¿FLRQDGR´HQHOTXHVHFULWLFDEDODLGHDGHOD
³LQWHOLJHQFLD\HMHUFLFLRGHOD(VSDGD´FRPRFLHQFLDFRQRFLPLHQWRQHFHVDULRSDUD
REWHQHU SRU HMHPSOR HO UDQJR GH PDHVWUR 0D\RU GHFODUiQGROD SRU HO FRQWUDULR
³$UWH*ODGLDWRULD´4XH/RUHQ]GH5DGDSXEOLTXHHVWHWLSRGHDUJXPHQWDFLRQHVHV
LQWHUHVDQWHSXHVGXUDQWHVXHQFDUJRHQ9HUDFUX]SDUWLFLSyHQXQDiVSHUDGLVFXVLyQ
TXHVHVXVFLWyHQWUHHOLQJHQLHUR-DLPH)UDQFNUHVSRQVDEOHGHODREUDGHUHPRGHODFLyQ
GHODIRUWDOH]DGH6DQ-XDQGH8O~D\VXGLVFtSXORDODYH]TXHFDSDWD]GHODREUD
0DQXHO -RVp GH &iUGHQDV &DOGHUyQ 6LJHQ]D \ *yQJRUD TXLHQ
FRQVLJQyIUDJPHQWRVGHOSDUHFHUGH/RUHQ]HQXQLQIRUPHDOYLUUH\FRQGHGH*DOYH
ORFRQVLGHUyXQVXMHWRLQWHOLJHQWH\SHULWRHQHOHVWXGLRPLOLWDUSXHVVHRSXVRDODV
REMHFLRQHV³GLVSDUDWDGDV´KHFKDVSRU&iUGHQDV/HRQDUG/DFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ
FRPRSHULWRVDEHGRUHQORPLOLWDU\FRQYRFDFLyQGHHQVHxDQ]DDWUDYpVGHODSOXPD
DFRPSDxDUtDD/RUHQ]GH5DGDWRGDVXYLGD\TXHGyGHPRVWUDGDDORODUJRGHVX
SURGXFFLyQ OLWHUDULD VREUH HVJULPD 3DUD pO HUD QHFHVDULR XQ HVWXGLR PLQXFLRVR
GH WUDWDGRV \ RWURV SDSHOHV SDUD SRGHU GLVFXWLU FRQ ORV DXWRUHV FRQWUDULRV (Q OD
LQWURGXFFLyQDVX~OWLPDREUDHQODTXHGHEDWHFRQWUDXQWUDWDGRHVFULWRHQ/LPD
HVFULELy³<DYLHQGRUHJLVWUDGRFXLGDGRVRWRGRVXFRQWH[WRKHUHFRQRFLGRTXHSDUD
UHVSRQGHUDHOODFRQODQHFHVDULDFODULGDGFRQYLHQHDODEXHQDLQWHOLJHQFLDGHORV
TXHGHVHDQWUDEDMDUOH\HQGRSDUDVDEHU\QROHHUSRUOHHUKD]HUORFRQVHSDUDFLyQGH
SiUUDIRSRUSiUUDIR«´/RUHQ]
-HIHGHXQWHUFLRIRUPDGRSRUFRPSDxtDVGHSHRQHVVROGDGRV\R¿FLDOHV
3DUDWHQHUHOUDQJRHUDUHTXLVLWRKDEHUVHUYLGRFRPRPtQLPRRFKRDxRVGHPDQHUDGLVWLQJXLGD6DQ]
VV
(VSLQRPHQFLRQDYDULDVGLVSXWDVHQWUHORVVHJXLGRUHVGH&DUUDQ]D\3DFKHFRSHURODPiV
LPSRUWDQWHHVHQWUHORVHVJULPLVWDVTXHOOHYDEDQHODUWHGHODHVSDGDDQLYHOHVPX\LQWHOHFWXDOL]DGRVGH
¿ORVRItDFLHQFLD\DUWHHQFRQWUDGHORVHVJULPLVWDVHPStULFRV
%HULVWDLQFRQVLJQDFLQFRREUDVGH/RUHQ]GH5DGD'HODIRUPDFLyQGHODWDMRLPSUHVDHQ
&iGL]VI5HVSXHVWDDXQDQyQLPRVREUHODGHVWUH]DGHODV$UPDV0DGULGVI&ULVROGHODGHVWUH]D
GRQGH VH SXUL¿FD HO RUR GH OD YHUGDG VSL ORV WUHV WRPRV GH 1REOH]D GH OD HVSDGD TXH %HULVWDLQ
OODPD([SHULHQFLDFLHQFLD\DUWHGHOD(VSDGD0DGULG\HOLPSUHVRPH[LFDQR'HIHQVDGHOD
YHUGDGHUDGHVWUH]DGHODV$UPDV0p[LFR%HULVWiLQ
251
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
'HVSXpV GH VHUYLU HQ 9HUDFUX] DOJR PiV GH FXDWUR DxRV /RUHQ] GH 5DGD VH
VHSDUy GH OD JREHUQDFLyQ HO GH DEULO GH FRQ OLFHQFLD GHO YLUUH\ FRQGH GH
0RFWH]XPD SDUD SDVDU D (VSDxD $QWHV GH HPEDUFDUVH FRQWUDMR PDWULPRQLR SRU
SRGHUFRQ*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxD\5XHGDHQODFLXGDGGH0p[LFRHOGHMXQLRGH
VXDSRGHUDGRPDWULPRQLDOIXHHOFDSLWiQ-RVpGHOD3XHQWHSULPRGHGRxD
*HUWUXGLVQDWXUDOGH0XULHGDV&DPDUJR&DQWDEULDFRPHUFLDQWHFDEDOOHURGHOD
RUGHQGH6DQWLDJRPX\UHFRQRFLGRSRUVXVDFWLYLGDGHVGHIHQVLYDVGXUDQWH
HOPRWtQGHSRUHQWRQFHVDOFDOGHRUGLQDULRGHODFLXGDGGH0p[LFRGHiQLPR
IRJRVR\GDGRDORVGXHORVFRQHVSDGD
(VWH PDWULPRQLR HV OD FODYH SDUD HQWHQGHU FyPR VH YLQFXOy /RUHQ] GH 5DGD
FRQODUHGGHLQWHUHVHVFRPHUFLDOHV\SROtWLFRVQRYRKLVSDQRV6XHVSRVDHUDODKLMD
PD\RU GHO FDSLWiQ )UDQFLVFR GH OD 3HxD 6DOFLQHV WDPELpQ QDWXUDO GH 0XULHGDV \
FDEDOOHURGHODRUGHQGH&DODWUDYDXQLPSRUWDQWHFRPHUFLDQWHHQODFLXGDG
GH0p[LFRTXHHQDOJ~QPRPHQWRVHGHVHPSHxyFRPRDOFDOGHRUGLQDULR\GH-RVHID
GH(VTXLYHO\5XHGD3UHFLVDPHQWH)UDQFLVFRGHOD3HxDKDEtDKHFKROOHJDUDOD
1XHYD (VSDxD D VX VREULQR -RVp GH OD 3XHQWH IXWXUR PDUTXpV GH 9LOODSXHQWH GH
OD3HxD6DQFKL]SDUDHQWUHQDUORFRPRD\XGDQWH\VRFLRGHVXVQHJRFLRV
OR TXH OR KL]R PX\ FHUFDQR D VXV SULPDV SDUWLFXODUPHQWH D *HUWUXGLV \ TXL]i HO
SULQFLSDODQLPDGRUGHXQDUHGGHDSR\RHFRQyPLFRTXHHVWDEOHFHUtDDxRVGHVSXpV
SDUDOD&RPSDxtDGH-HV~V*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxDVHKDEtDFDVDGRSUHYLDPHQWHHQHO
6DJUDULRGHOD&DWHGUDOFRQHOFDSLWiQ0DUWtQGH$PRU\2WDxpVFRPHUFLDQWH
QDWXUDOGH&DVWUR8UGLDOHVGHTXLHQHQYLXGyHQ\FRQTXLHQWXYRGRVKLMRVTXH
PXULHURQHQODLQIDQFLD
$UFKLYR 3DUURTXLDO GHO 6DJUDULR GH OD &DWHGUDO GH 0p[LFR 0DWULPRQLRV GH HVSDxROHV
(1575-1815)9ROIHQDGHODQWH$36&00DWULPRQLRVI
(QVX'LDULRGH6XFHVRV1RWDEOHV5REOHVSRUORPHQRVVHUHJLVWUDXQRGHVXVGXHORV
FRQWUD$QWRQLR)HUQiQGH]GH-XYHUDFRPHUFLDQWHFDEDOOHURGHODRUGHQGH6DQWLDJR\PiVWDUGHSULRU
GHOFRQVXODGRGHFRPHUFLDQWHVHQHOTXH)HUQiQGH]TXHGyKHULGR\SRUHOFXDOGHOD3XHQWHIXHLQKLELGR
FRPRDOFDOGHRUGLQDULR3DUDPiVGHWDOOHVGHOSHUVRQDMH6DQFKL]&DEHFRPHQWDUTXHDOJXQRV
WUDEDMRVKLVWRULRJUi¿FRVDVXPHQXQSRVWHULRUPDWULPRQLRHQWUH-RVpGHOD3XHQWH\*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxD
GHOFXDOFRPRELHQDQRWD6DQFKL]QRH[LVWHUHJLVWURDOJXQRSRVLEOHPHQWHDSDUWLUGHVXDFWXDFLyQ
FRPRDSRGHUDGRPDWULPRQLDOGH/RUHQ]
$+1 &RQVHMR GH yUGHQHV RPFDEDOOHURV GH &DODWUDYD 6HJ~Q HO H[SHGLHQWH
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODGRWDFLyQGHOKiELWR)UDQFLVFRGHOD3HxD\6DO]LQHV7D]yQ\6DQ=LEULiQ
&DVDGRV HQ HO 6DJUDULR GH OD &DWHGUDO GH 0p[LFR HO GH MXOLR GH $36&0
0DWULPRQLRVIY
(QHVWHDUWtFXORVHUHFRJH\GHEDWHHOFRQMXQWRGHHVWXGLRVVREUHHOPDUTXpVGH9LOODSXHQWH
\ODPDUTXHVDGH7RUUHVGH5DGD
&DVDGRV HQ HO 6DJUDULR GH OD &DWHGUDO GH 0p[LFR HO GH PDU]R GH $36&0
0DWULPRQLRV IY 0iV GDWRV HQ *XHYDUD 5XELR 0Dxp FRQVLJQD GDWRV GH 0DUWtQ
GH$PRU2WDxpVKLMROHJtWLPRGH'LHJRGH$PRU2WDxpV\0DUtDGHO/ODQR5XFLR5HVXOWD
OODPDWLYRTXHHQHOYLDMHGHUHJUHVRGHOD3HQtQVXODHQ/RUHQ]GH5DGD\*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxD
YD\DQDFRPSDxDGRVSRUXQFULDGROODPDGR'LHJRGH$PRU2WDxH]KLMRGH'LHJRGH$PRU2WDxH]\
$QWRQLD7UXFLRV$*,&RQWUDWDFLyQ1(VWHPLVPRSHUVRQDMHHVSRVLEOHPHQWHHOTXHIXQJH
252
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
/D VHJXQGD KLMD GHO FDSLWiQ IXH$QWRQLD GH OD 3HxD TXLHQ VH FDVy SULPHUR
FRQ'LHJRGH3HUHGRGXHxRGHREUDMHVGHTXLHQHQYLXGyWDPELpQHQ5XELR
\FRQTXLHQWXYRFLQFRKLMRV9LXGDVHFDVyHQVHJXQGDVQXSFLDVFRQ
-XDQ1~xH]GH9LOODYLFHQFLRFRUUHJLGRUGHODFLXGDGGH0H[LFRHQWUH\
\PLHPEURGHRWUDUHGGHUHODFLRQHVFRQLQWHUHVHVHQ6HYLOODIXHURQSDGUHVGH3HGUR
1~xH]GH9LOODYLFHQFLR3HxD\RWURVWUHVKLMRV(OWHUFHUKLMRGH)UDQFLVFRGHOD3HxD
IXH$QGUpV$QWRQLRGHOD3HxDFRQWDGRUPD\RUGHOUHDOWULEXQDOGHFXHQWDVGHOFXDO
OOHJyDVHUUHJHQWH/DKLMDPHQRUGH)UDQFLVFRGHOD3HxD0DUtD5RVDGHOD3HxD
VHFDVyFRQ3HGURGH7DJOH9LOOHJDVSDULHQWH\GHSHQGLHQWHGHOSULPHUPDUTXpVGH
$OWDPLUD/XLV6iQFKH]GH7DJOH\SRUHQWRQFHVSULRUGHOFRQVXODGRGHFRPHUFLDQWHV
HQFX\DFDVDKDELWy\TXLHQIXQJLyFRPRWHVWLJRHQODERGD9HOi]TXH]
/D]D&DEHGHVWDFDUHOKHFKRSXHVQRVRIUHFHGDWRVVREUHHOD¿DQ]DPLHQWR
GH YtQFXORV FHUHPRQLDOHV GH FRPSDGUD]JR \ SDGULQD]JR TXH ORV GRV FXxDGRV GH
*HUWUXGLV -XDQ 1~xH] GH 9LOODYLFHQFLR \ 3HGUR GH 7DJOH 9LOOHJDV DVt FRPR VX
SURSLRSDGUHIXHURQWHVWLJRVHQODERGDSRUSRGHUFRQ/RUHQ]GH5DGD
'HVSXpVGHODERGD)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGD\*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxDSDVDURQ
DOD3HQtQVXODFRQGRVFULDGRV\VHLVHVFODYRV(QHVWHtQWHUSHQLQVXODU/RUHQ]GH
5DGDJHVWLRQyYDULRVSULYLOHJLRVSDUDVt\SDUDVXVVXFHVRUHV3UHVHQWH\DHQ0DGULG
HQ DVLVWLy DO SUHJyQ \ VXEDVWD S~EOLFD GHO R¿FLR GH FKDQFLOOHU \ UHJLVWUDGRU
GH ODV DXGLHQFLDV GH 0p[LFR 6DQWR 'RPLQJR *XDWHPDOD *XDGDODMDUD \ 0DQLOD
SURSLHGDGGHOHUPDUTXpVGH/HJDQpV/DSXMDGH/RUHQ]GH5DGDHQODDOPRQHGD
S~EOLFDIXHODPD\RUSRUODFDQWLGDGGHPLOSHVRVSHURYLVWD\DSUREDGDSRUHO
FRQVHMRGH,QGLDVVHGHFLGLyFRUUHUFXDWURGtDVPiVGHSUHJRQHVSRUVXGHFUHWRGH
GHVHSWLHPEUHGH(OUHPDWHVHHIHFWXy¿QDOPHQWHHOGtDGHVHSWLHPEUH
\UHFD\yQXHYDPHQWHHQ/RUHQ]GH5DGDSRUODPLVPDFDQWLGDGTXHH[KLELyHOGH
RFWXEUHDQWHHOGHSRVLWDULRJHQHUDOGHODYLOODGH0DGULG6LQHPEDUJR/RUHQ]GH
5DGDQHJRFLyFRQHOPDUTXpVGH/HJDQpVTXHLQWHUFHGLHUDSRUpO\UHSUHVHQWDUDDO
UH\SDUDVROLFLWDUOHTXHHOWUDVSDVRGHORVR¿FLRVFRQWXYLHVHH[DFWDPHQWHODVPLVPDV
FRPRWHVWLJRHQODSUHVHQWDFLyQTXHVHKL]RGHOWtWXORGHFKDQFLOOHUHQODDXGLHQFLDGH0p[LFRDQWHHO
HVFULEDQRUHDO)UDQFLVFRGH9DOGpVHODJRVWRGH'HORVGRVKLMRVGH*HUWUXGLVVHUHFRJHQQRWLFLDV
HQ9HOi]TXH]
+LMRGH3HGUR1~xH]GH9LOODYLFHQFLR$OPLUDQWHGHJDOHRQHV\FDEDOOHURGHODRUGHQGH
&DODWUDYDKLMRGH1XxRGH9LOODYLFHQFLRRLGRUGHODDXGLHQFLDGH*XDGDODMDUDGHVGH\QRPEUDGR
SUHVLGHQWHGHODGH&KDUFDVFDUJRTXHQRDVXPLySRUKDEHUIDOOHFLGRGXUDQWHODYLVLWDTXHUHDOL]DEDD
ODDXGLHQFLDGH6DQWD)H%DUULHQWRV$*,&RQWUDWDFLyQ/II6HJ~QOD
LQIRUPDFLyQGHPpULWRVGHVXKLMR3HGUR$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDO1VREUHTXLHQYROYHUHPRV
DGHODQWHHOSDGUHGH-XDQ1~xH]GH9LOODYLFHQFLRIXHSUHVLGHQWHGHODDXGLHQFLDGH&KDUFDV\RLGRUHQ
ODDXGLHQFLDGH9DOODGROLG
$*15HDOHVFpGXODVGXSOLFDGDV'IY'II5HDOHVFpGXODV
RULJLQDOHVII\
(OQRPEUDPLHQWRGH$QGUpV$QWRQLRGHOD3HxD\HOWHVWDPHQWRGHpO\VXHVSRVDHQ$*1
UHDOHVFpGXODVRULJLQDOHVIH,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDOYtQFXORV\PD\RUD]JRVI
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH&RPRUHJHQWH%HUWUDQG$QGUpVVHFDVyFRQ7HUHVD5DPtUH]GHOD7RUUH
253
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
FOiXVXODV \ SUHHPLQHQFLDV TXH JR]DED HO SURSLHWDULR GHO R¿FLR HQ HO FRQWH[WR GHO
PD\RUD]JRVXHOGRKRQRUHV\VREUHWRGRHOUHIUHQGRGHOMXURGHKHUHGDG/RUHQ]
GHVHPEROVyRWURVGRVPLOGXFDGRVSDUDODREWHQFLyQGHHVWDJUDFLDFRQORTXHHO
SUHFLR¿QDOGHOR¿FLRDVFHQGLyDPLOSHVRV'XUDQWHHVHWLHPSR/RUHQ]GH5DGD
JHVWLRQyWDPELHQODDGTXLVLFLyQGHOWtWXORGHPDUTXpVGHODV7RUUHVGH5DGDTXHIXH
FUHDGRSDUDpOHOGHIHEUHURGH\UHFLELyHOWtWXOR\FRQ¿UPDFLyQGHOR¿FLR
FRPSUDGRHQDOPRQHGDHOGHQRYLHPEUHGHFRQWRGDVODVSUHHPLQHQFLDV\
FOiXVXODVSDFWDGDV(OMXURGHKHUHGDGTXHGyUHIUHQGDGRFRQODFRQFHVLyQGHSRGHU
KHUHGDUHOR¿FLRYLQFXODGRDOUHVWRGHORVELHQHVVXFHVRULRV\OLJDGRVDVXPDUTXHVDGR
VLQPHGLDUHOSURFHVRGHUHQXQFLDSDUDODWUDVPLVLyQTXHHUDREOLJDWRULRHQHOUHVWRGH
ORVR¿FLRVYHQDOHV$GHPiVVHOHGDEDQSULYLOHJLRV\KRQRUHVS~EOLFRVQXQFDDQWHV
YLVWRVSRUORPHQRVHQODUHDODXGLHQFLDGH0p[LFR
+H UHVXHOWR TXH OD SHUVRQD TXH VLUYLHUH HQ SURSLHGDG HQ ODV DXGLHQFLDV GH ODV
,QGLDVHOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUKD\DGHWHQHU\WHQJDDVLHQWRHQORV
EDQFRVGHDUULEDFRQORVPLQLVWURVGHODDXGLHQFLDGHVSXpVGHODOJXDFLOPD\RUHQ
WRGRVORVDFWRVS~EOLFRV\GHQWURGHOWULEXQDOFXDQGRVHOHOODPDUH«PDQGRDORV
SUHVLGHQWHV\RLGRUHV\GHPiVPLQLVWURVGHODVUHIHULGDVDXGLHQFLDV«TXHHQORV
DFXHUGRVGHHOODVFRQRHQORVGHPiVIXQFLRQHVS~EOLFDVHQTXHFRQFXUULHUHLVYRV
HO0DHVWUHGH&DPSR'RQ)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGD\YXHVWURVVXFHVRUHVWHQJDQ
HO OXJDU \ DVLHQWR H[SUHVDGR FRPR FKDQFLOOHU \ UHJLVWUDGRU HQ SURSLHGDG VLQ TXH
SRQJDQHPEDUD]RQLLPSHGLPHQWRDOJXQR«
(VWRVLJQL¿FDEDXQDQXHYDFRQ¿JXUDFLyQGHODVSUiFWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHSRGHU\
VXVSURWRFRORVSXHVpVWDHUDODSULPHUDYH]TXHXQFKDQFLOOHUSURSLHWDULRSRVHHGRU
GH OD ¿JXUD GHO PRQDUFD D WUDYpV GH VX VHOOR HVWDUtD SUHVHQWH HQ XQD$XGLHQFLD
LQGLDQD /D FRQ¿UPDFLyQ DFODUDED SRU VXSXHVWR TXH HVWR QR VH H[WHQGtD D ORV
WHQLHQWHV TXH QRPEUDVHQ HO SURSLHWDULR QL VXV VXFHVRUHV 7DPELpQ UHIUHQGDED XQD
DQWLJXDFRQFHVLyQGHTXHHOSURSLHWDULRQRSDJDVHORVGHUHFKRVGHPHGLDDQDWDSRUOD
SURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRQRDVtVXVWHQLHQWHV
/RUHQ]GH5DGDSHUPDQHFLyHQOD3HQtQVXODGXUDQWHWRGRHODxRGHTXL]i
HQ 0DGULG \ DSURYHFKy HQWRQFHV SDUD GDU D OD LPSUHQWD PiV IDPRVD REUD VREUH
HVJULPD1REOH]DGHODHVSDGD/RUHQ]XQODUJRPDQXDOHQWUHVYRO~PHQHVHQ
HOTXHKL]RDODUGHGHHVDSHULFLDHQHOHVWXGLRGHORPLOLWDUTXH\DOHKDEtDDSODXGLGR
&DUORVGH6LJHQ]D\*yQJRUDFXDQGRIXHJREHUQDGRUSROtWLFR\PLOLWDUGH9HUDFUX]
(O DUJXPHQWR SULQFLSDO GH VX WUDWDGR HV OD GHIHQVD GH OD HVFXHOD GH OD YHUGDGHUD
GHVWUH]D GH 3DFKHFR GH 1DUYiH] TXH ORV SUiFWLFRV GH OD HVSDGD PHQRVSUHFLDEDQ
SRUORVDVSHFWRVWHyULFRV3HURHOWUDWDGRDSRORJpWLFRGHODYHUGDGHUDGHVWUH]DHQ
254
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDO
$*,7tWXORVGH&DVWLOOD5
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDOIU
%HULVWDLQ GH 6RX]D FRQVLJQD YDULRV WH[WRV LPSUHVRV GH /RUHQ] TXH YDQ SRU HO PLVPR
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
HOPDQHMRGHODHVSDGDGH/RUHQ]OOHJyDQLYHOHVUDGLFDOHVDODKRUDGHWUDWDUHODUWH
PLOLWDUGHODFHURHQWUHYHUDGRFRQHOHPHQWRV¿ORVy¿FRVPDWHPiWLFRV\JHRPpWULFRV
TXH KDFHQ GH VX WH[WR PiV XQ FRPSHQGLR TXH GHPXHVWUD HO JUDGR HQ HO TXH ODV
FLHQFLDV HVWDEDQ OLJDGDV DO FRQRFLPLHQWR PLOLWDU TXH XQ PDQXDO SUiFWLFR VREUH HO
XVRGHODUPD$GHPiV/RUHQ]GH5DGDLQWURGXMRXQSXQWRDFUHHQVXGLVFXUVRTXHQR
IXHREYLDGRSRUORVOHFWRUHVLQGLDQRVSUDFWLFDQWHVGHODHVJULPDRVLPSOHVDERJDGRV
GHIHQVRUHVGHOFULROOLVPR3DUD/RUHQ]GH5DGDORVPLOLWDUHVLQGLDQRVQRWHQtDQQL
SRUDVRPRHOPLVPRQLYHOGHHQWUHQDPLHQWR\IRJXHRHQORVFRPEDWHVFRPRHOTXH
WHQtDQORVSHQLQVXODUHVPXFKRPHQRVXQDDGHFXDGDLQVWUXFFLyQHQHOPDQHMRGHOD
HVSDGDHODUPDPiVQREOHHQODJXHUUDSXHVQRHUDQ³GLHVWURV´HQWpUPLQRVGHO
FRQRFLPLHQWRGHVXFLHQFLD(VWDLGHD\DKDEtDTXHGDGRH[SUHVDGDSRUHOLQIRUPH
GH6LJHQ]DVREUHHOFDVWLOORGH6DQ-XDQGH8O~D/DDVHYHUDFLyQSURGXMRYDULDV
FRQWHVWDFLRQHVUDVSRVDVHQHOFRQMXQWRGHODVSURYLQFLDVLQGLDQDVGHODPRQDUTXtD
DOJXQDV GH HOODV GDGDV D OD LPSUHQWD FRPR HO FDVR GH XQD REUD LPSUHVD FRQ HO
SVHXGyQLPRGH)UDQFLVFR6DQWRVGH3D]HQ/LPDHQOODPDGD,OXVWUDFLyQGHOD
GHVWUH]DLQGLDQD6DQWRV/DGLVFXVLyQVREUHODYHUGDGHUDGHVWUH]D\ODYXOJDU
WXYRHQWRQFHVXQJLURKDFLDXQDGLVFXVLyQGHODYHUGDGHUDGHVWUH]D\OD³GHVWUH]D
LQGLDQD´HQIUHQWDQGRQRVyORDUWHVVLQRSDWULDV
(O PDUTXpV GH ODV 7RUUHV GH 5DGD HPEDUFy GH UHJUHVR D 0p[LFR HQ IHEUHUR
GHWRPySRVHVLyQGHVXFDUJRFRPRFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUKDFLDDJRVWRGH
HVHDxR\QRPEUyFRPRWHQLHQWHGHFKDQFLOOHUPD\RU\UHJLVWUDGRUHQODDXGLHQFLD
GH 0p[LFR D 0HOFKRU 'tD] GHO &DPSR SRU HQWRQFHV DOFDOGH PD\RU GH 0H]WLWOiQ
\ TXH VH GHVHPSHxDED WDPELpQ FRPR DJHQWH GH QHJRFLRV UHODFLRQDGR FRQ YDULRV
SURFXUDGRUHV GH Q~PHUR FRQ TXLHQHV VH RFXSDED GH DJHQFLDV \ GHPiV WUiPLWHV
HQ ORV SDVLOORV GH ODV R¿FLQDV \ WULEXQDOHV &RPR VXSOHQWH GH 'tD] GHO &DPSR
/RUHQ]QRPEUyD)UDQFLVFR$QWRQLRGH$OEXUUHSDUDHQFDUJDUVHGHODWHQHQFLDGH
ODFKDQFLOOHUtD\UHJLVWURGHODDXGLHQFLDGH0DQLODQRPEUyD-XDQ$QWRQLR&RUWpV
$UUHGRQGR\&DVWLOORTXLHQWRPySRVHVLyQHQMXQLRGHSDUDODDXGLHQFLDGH
FDPLQR ³(VFULELy HQ 0p[LFR 'HIHQVD GH OD YHUGDGHUD GHVWUH]D GH OD $UPDV ,PS HQ 0p[LFR SRU
5LYHUD&DOGHUyQ´9HOi]TXH]DFXGLHQGRDODPLVPDIXHQWHFRQVLJQDTXH³+DEtDGDGRDQWHV
DOX]VREUHODPLVPDPDWHULDHODUWH\PDQHMRGHODHVSDGD'HODIRUPDFLyQGHO$WDMR,PSHQ&iGL]
5HVSXHVWDDXQDQyQLPRVREUHODGHVWUH]DGHODVDUPDV,PSHQ0DGULG>OD5HVSXHVWDSKLORVRSKLFD«
DQWHVFLWDGD@&ULVROGHODGHVWUH]DGRQGHVHSXUL¿FDHORURGHODYHUGDG>VSL@([SHULHQFLDFLHQFLD
\DUWHGHOD(VSDGD,PSHQ0DGULG´
0HOFKRU'tD]GHO&DPSRWUDEDMyDFWLYDPHQWHFRPRJHVWRUHQODUHDODXGLHQFLDGH0p[LFR
\ SDUWLFXODUPHQWH GH PDQHUD FHUFDQD FRQ SURFXUDGRUHV GHO Q~PHUR FRPR *HUyQLPR )HUQiQGH] GH
&yUGRYD*D\RO
$UFKLYR*HQHUDOGH1RWDUtDVGHOD&LXGDGGH0p[LFR(QDGHODQWH$*1RW(VFULEDQtDGH
0LJXHOGH&DVWDxHGD
$*,)LOLSLQDV1(OFDSLWiQ&RUWpV$UUHGRQGRIXHQRPEUDGRSRU/RUHQ]GH5DGD
FRPRVXDSRGHUDGRIUHQWHDODDXGLHQFLDGH0DQLODMXQWRFRQHOJHQHUDO0LJXHOGH(ORUULDJDHOFDSLWiQ
-RDTXtQ GH ,ULDUWH \ -XDQ$QWRQLR9pUWL] WRGRV SRU HQWRQFHV YHFLQRV HQ ODV ,VODV )LOLSLQDV$*1RW
(VFULEDQtDGH0LJXHOGH&DVWDxHGD
255
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
*XDGDODMDUDQRPEUyD'LHJR7ULVWiQGH9HODVFR1RKHHQFRQWUDGRQRPEUDPLHQWR
GHWHQLHQWHSDUDODDXGLHQFLDGH6DQWR'RPLQJR
$SDUWLUGHVXUHJUHVRDOD1XHYD(VSDxD/RUHQ]GH5DGDVHGHGLFyDDFWLYLGDGHV
UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ ORV QHJRFLRV TXH KDEtDQ VLGR GH VX VXHJUR IDOOHFLGR HO GH
GLFLHPEUHGH\TXHKDEtDQSDVDGRDVXFXxDGR\FRQFXxRVSHURVREUHWRGRDO
PDUTXpVGH9LOODSXHQWHGHOD3HxD5XELR(Q\SRUIDOOHFLPLHQWR
GH VX FRQFXxR 3HGUR GH 7DJOH \ 9LOOHJDV UHVXOWy QRPEUDGR DOEDFHD MXQWR FRQ HO
PDUTXpVGH9LOODSXHQWH5XELR/RUHQ]GH5DGDDGTXLULyXQDVHULHGH
LPSRUWDQWHVSURSLHGDGHVFRPROD+DFLHQGDGH6DQ3HGURGH,EDUUDHQODMXULVGLFFLyQ
GH6DQ0LJXHOHO*UDQGH$SULQFLSLRVGH/RUHQ]GH5DGDGLRDODLPSUHQWDXQD
REUD/RUHQ]HQFRQWHVWDFLyQDXQDFDUWDDSRORJpWLFDHVFULWDVXSXHVWDPHQWH
SRUHOFDSLWiQ'LHJR5RGUtJXH]GH*X]PiQ±TXHELHQSRGUtDVHUHOPLVPROHWUDGR
OLPHxR 3HGUR -RVp %HUP~GH] GH OD7RUUH± FX\R PDQXVFULWR VH OR KL]R OOHJDU HO
GXTXHGH$OEXUTXHUTXHYLUUH\GHOD1XHYD(VSDxD
5HSHQWLQDPHQWHHOPDUTXpVGHODV7RUUHVGH5DGDIDOOHFLyLQWHVWDGRHQODFLXGDG
GH0p[LFRDODHGDGGHDxRVHQ\VLQKDEHUSURFUHDGRGHVFHQGHQFLDFRQ
GRxD*HUWUXGLVKHFKRTXHSURYRFyLQPHGLDWDPHQWHXQODUJR\FRPSOLFDGRSOHLWRSRU
ODVXFHVLyQGHSURSLHGDGHVGHOWtWXORQRELOLDULR\GHOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHUPD\RU\
UHJLVWUDGRUSHUSHWXRGHODVFLQFRDXGLHQFLDVLQGLDQDVVHSWHQWULRQDOHV
4. PROPIEDAD Y EJERCICIO DEL OFICIO DE CHANCILLER EN
EL CONTEXTO DEL PLEITO SUCESORIO
$OIDOOHFHU/RUHQ]GH5DGDDELQWHVWDWR*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxDLQLFLyXQDVHULH
GHSURFHGLPLHQWRVSDUDREWHQHUHOFRQMXQWRGHSURSLHGDGHV\WtWXORVGHOPDUTXpV
LQFOX\HQGRODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHUFRPRFRPSHQVDFLyQGHODGRWH
SXHVWD HQ PDWULPRQLR$O SDUHFHU \ VHJ~Q DFXVDFLRQHV SRVWHULRUHV HO FRQMXQWR
GH SURSLHGDGHV IXH VXEYDOXDGR HQ ORV LQYHQWDULRV FRQ REMHWR GH DMXVWDUVH DO
PRQWR GH OD GRWH DGHPiV GH PLQLPL]DU HO LPSDFWR HFRQyPLFR GH OD VXFHVLyQ
(Q WRGR HOOR \ HO SRVWHULRU PDQHMR GH ODV SURSLHGDGHV \ OLWLJLRV WXYR HO DSR\R
GH VX SULPR HO PDUTXpV GH 9LOODSXHQWH GH OD 3HxD TXLHQ D VX YH] HUD VRFLR \
FRODERUDGRUGHOKHUPDQRGHODPDUTXHVD$QGUpV$QWRQLR7DQWR$QGUpV$QWRQLR
FRPR*HUWUXGLVQRPEUDURQHQYDULDVRFDVLRQHVD-RVpGHOD3XHQWHFRPRDOEDFHD
$*1RW(VFULEDQtDGH0LJXHOGH&DVWDxHGD
)UDQFLVFRGHOD3HxDWHVWyGHMDQGRFRPRDOEDFHDVGHVXYLXGDDVXV\HUQRV-XDQ1~xH]GH
9LOODYLFHQFLR\3HGURGH7DJOH9LOOHJDV\FRPRKHUHGHURVDVXVKLMRV
3XHGHWUDWDUVHGH5RGUtJXH]ca(VWHRS~VFXORHVWiUHJLVWUDGRHQ7KLPP\D
TXH/RUHQ]LQFOX\yDSDUWLGGHODSXQDSDUWDGRLQWLWXODGR³1RWDV\DGYHUWHQFLDVFRQWUDODVGR]H
FRQFOXVLRQHV´
)UDQFLVFR6DQWRVGHOD3D]FRPRSVHXGyQLPRGH3HGUR-RVp%HUP~GH]GHOD7RUUH\6ROLHU
256
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
DSRGHUDGR R DGPLQLVWUDGRU GH ELHQHV UDtFHV FRPR SRU HMHPSOR ODV KDFLHQGDV
GH $UUR\R =DUFR \ 6DQ 3HGUR GH ,EDUUD SDUWH GHO SDWULPRQLR GH OD PDUTXHVD
3HURODVFRVDVQRIXHURQWDQVHQFLOODVSDUDODPDUTXHVDSXHVXQVREULQRGLUHFWR
GHOPDUTXpVGH7RUUHVGH5DGD-RVp)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGDHQUHDOLGDG/RUHQ]
5HYLOOD QDWXUDO WDPELpQ GH /DUHGR LQLFLy XQ SOHLWR FRQWUD HOOD SRU OD VXFHVLyQ
HQ (Q SULQFLSLR H[LJLy OD SUHVHQWDFLyQ GH ORV OLEURV GH FRQWDELOLGDG GHO
PDUTXpVSDUDSRVWHULRUPHQWHVROLFLWDUODQXOLGDGGHODYDO~RGHORVLQYHQWDULRVGHODV
SURSLHGDGHVTXHFRQVLGHUDEDVXEYDOXDGDVDVtFRPRODQXOLGDGGHODVXFHVLyQHQHO
WtWXORQRELOLDULR\HQODSURSLHGDGGHORVR¿FLRVGHFKDQFLOOHU6LQHPEDUJRWRGDVODV
GHWHUPLQDFLRQHV\VHQWHQFLDVGDGDVHQHOMX]JDGRGHELHQHVGHGLIXQWRVDVtFRPRHQ
ODUHDODXGLHQFLDUHVXOWDURQGHVIDYRUDEOHVD-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGD5HVXOWDFODURTXH
HOSRGHUHFRQyPLFR\SROtWLFRGHODUHGGHODTXHIRUPDEDSDUWH*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxD
IXHXQIDFWRUGHWHUPLQDQWHSDUDTXHODYLXGD\VXUHGIDPLOLDUREWXYLHVHHODSR\RGH
ORVPDJLVWUDGRVDGHPiVGHFRQWDUFRQHOGLQHURVX¿FLHQWHSDUDPHWHUDOHJDWRVGH
DERJDGRV\UHWUDVDUORVGLYHUVRVSOHLWRV(OGHMXOLRGHODDXGLHQFLDGHFODUy
SRUDXWRGHVLHUWDODVXSOLFDFLyQGH-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGDTXLHQQRREVWDQWHVLJXLy
SOHLWHDQGRFRQVXVFROLWLJDQWHVSDUDREWHQHUXQDUHVROXFLyQIDYRUDEOH
3DUDHODxRGHVHSXHGHGRFXPHQWDUODDFWXDFLyQGH*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxD
FRPRPDUTXHVDGHODV7RUUHVGH5DGD\SURSLHWDULDGHOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHUQRPEUDQGR
\FRQ¿UPDQGRWHQLHQWHVGHOR¿FLRHQODVFLQFRDXGLHQFLDVTXHOHFRUUHVSRQGtDQ6H
WUDWDGHXQWHVWLPRQLRGHQRPEUDPLHQWRVHQODVSHUVRQDVGH0HOFKRU'tD]GHO&DPSR
GHVGHWHQLHQWHSDUDODDXGLHQFLDGH0p[LFR-RVHSKGH%DUUHGD\0HGUDQR
-RVp6iHQ]$QWRQLRGH2FKRD\5REOHV\*UHJRULR-RVHSKGHO3LQRFRQWHQLGRVHQ
ORVSURWRFRORVGHOHVFULEDQRUHDO-XDQ%DXWLVWDGH8OLEDUUL&DEHPHQFLRQDUTXHQRVH
PHQFLRQDQODVFLQFRDXGLHQFLDVVLQRVRODPHQWHODGH0p[LFR\ODGH*XDGDODMDUD
-XVWRSDUDHVHDxRHOPDUTXpVGH9LOODSXHQWHGHOD3HxD\GRxD*HUWUXGLV\D
WHQtDQWLHPSRDSR\DQGRODREUDGHOD&RPSDxtDGH-HV~V\SRVWHULRUPHQWHKDUtDQ
PXFKDVGRQDFLRQHVSDUDVXH[SDQVLyQDODVPLVLRQHVGHOVHSWHQWULyQSDUWLFXODUPHQWH
OD&DOLIRUQLD3RUHMHPSORRWRUJDURQPLOSHVRVSDUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHOD&DVDGH
(MHUFLFLRVGHOD&RPSDxtDHQ0p[LFROXHJR+RVSLWDOGH6DQ$QGUpVDGMXQWDQGR
RWURVPLOSHVRVSDUDYLQR\FHUDTXHVHJDVWDVHHQODFDSLOODGHORVHMHUFLFLRV-XDQ
GH9LOODIDxH6-OHGHGLFyDOPDUTXpV/D/LPRVQHUDGH'LRV%LRJUDItDGH'RxD
0DJGDOHQDGH8OORD7ROHGR2VVRULR\4XLRQHVHVSRVDGH'/XLV0pQGH]4XL[DGD
3UHVLGHQWHGHO5HDO&RQVHMRGHODV,QGLDVLPSUHVRHQ6DODPDQFDHQ6DQFKL]
3RUODFHUFDQtDHQWUHHOORVKD\XQDSUHVXQFLyQHQYDULRVKLVWRULDGRUHVGHTXHODPDUTXHVDGH
7RUUHVGH5DGD\HOPDUTXpVGH9LOODSXHQWHGHOD3HxDFRQWUDMHURQPDWULPRQLRDODPXHUWHGH/RUHQ]
GH5DGDPDVHOORKDVLGRSXHVWRHQGXGDUHFLHQWHPHQWH6DQFKL]
-RVp)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGD\5HYLOOD&DPSR/DUHGRcaKLMRGH-XDQ$QWRQLR
/RUHQ]GH5DGDKHUPDQRGHOSULPHUPDUTXpV\0DUtD5HYLOOD&DPSRDPERVGH/DUHGR
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDO
257
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
(QODPDUTXHVD\-RVpGHOD3XHQWHGRQDURQDGHPiVODVKDFLHQGDVGH
$UUR\R=DUFR\6DQ3HGURGH,EDUUDDOD&RPSDxtDSDUDHOVXVWHQWRGHODVPLVLRQHV
MHVXLWDVGH&DOLIRUQLD(VWDGRQDFLyQKDVLGRFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRHOSXQWRFODYHSDUDOD
FRQVROLGDFLyQGHOFDSLWDOGHOIRQGRSLDGRVRGHODV&DOLIRUQLDVDODTXHVHVXPDUtDQ
RWUDVSURSLHGDGHVGHODIDPLOLDFRPRODGRQDFLyQTXHKL]R0DUtD5RVDKHUPDQD
GH*HUWUXGLVGHXQRVDJRVWDGHURVHQHO1XHYRUHLQRGH/HyQHQ9HOi]TXH]
(QDOJ~QPRPHQWRHQWUH\ODPDUTXHVDQRPEUyDVXVREULQR3HGUR
1~xH]GH9LOODYLFHQFLRWHQLHQWHGHFKDQFLOOHUPD\RU\UHJLVWUDGRUGHODDXGLHQFLD
GH0p[LFRFRPRFRQVWDGHXQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQDOYLUUH\TXHQROOHYDIHFKDSUHFLVD
/DUHSUHVHQWDFLyQDFXVDEDD0HOFKRU'tD]GHO&DPSRDQWHULRUWHQLHQWHGHQHJDUVH
DHQWUHJDUWRGRORUHODWLYRDOR¿FLR\³KDFHUVRPEUD´DOSURSLRWtWXORGHOR¿FLRSRU
SDUWHGHOPDUTXpVGH7RUUHVGH5DGD&DEHGHVWDFDUTXHWDPELpQVHDFXVDEDD'tD]
GHO&DPSRGHQRKDEHUSDJDGRODPHGLDDQDWDFRQORFXDOSXHGHVXSRQHUVHTXHHO
WHQLHQWHVHLQWHQWyDUURJDUODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRDSURYHFKDQGRORVFRQVWDQWHVOLWLJLRV
HQTXHVHYLHURQLPSOLFDGDVODVSURSLHGDGHV\WtWXORVGHODVXFHVLyQGH)UDQFLVFR
/RUHQ]GH5DGD3DUDHVWDVIHFKDVODPDUTXHVD\DQR¿UPDEDQLQJ~QGRFXPHQWR
SRUWHQHUXQLPSHGLPHQWRHQVXPDQRGHUHFKDORFXDOQRVSXHGHDFHUFDUPiVELHQ
D ORV DxRV GH IHFKD HQ OD TXH HQ QLQJXQR GH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV QRWDULDOHVGH
GRQDFLyQGHODVKDFLHQGDVDORVMHVXLWDVDSDUHFLyVX¿UPD9HOi]TXH]7HQGUtD
HOODSRUHQWRQFHVFRQXQRVDxRV$GHPiVHQHOVREULQRGHODPDUTXHVDKL]R
XQSHGLPHQWRDODDXGLHQFLDGHOWHVWLPRQLRGHOWtWXORDIDYRUGH/RUHQ]GH5DGD
FRQHOTXHSRVLEOHPHQWHTXLVRJDUDQWL]DUSDUDVtHOWUDVSDVRGHOR¿FLRGHOTXHHUD
WHQLHQWH
$VtODVFRVDVHOPDUTXpVGH9LOODSXHQWHGHOD3HxDVHHPEDUFySDUD(VSDxDHQ
\\DVLQDOEDFHDQLDSR\RFHUFDQRODPDUTXHVDHPLWLyVLQ¿UPDUWDPSRFRXQ
SRGHUSDUDWHVWDUDIDYRUGHOSDGUH-XDQ)UDQFLVFR7RPSHVGHOD&RPSDxtDGH-HV~V
HOGHHQHURGH'RxD*HUWUXGLVIDOOHFLyHQDOJ~QPRPHQWRFHUFDQRDO
GHDEULOGHHVHPLVPRDxRTXHHVODIHFKDGHODVVROHPQHVKRQUDVHQVXPHPRULD
RUJDQL]DGDVSRUORVMHVXLWDVHQOD&DVD3URIHVD'LFKDVKRQUDVSXVLHURQHQUHOHYDQFLD
ODDFFLyQGH*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxDFRPRELHQKHFKRUDGHOD&RPSDxtDSDWURQDGHVX
,JOHVLD\IXQGDGRUDGHODPLVPD&DVDGHOD3URIHVDDWUDYpVGHXQVHUPyQSUHGLFDGR
SRUHOSDGUH-XDQ$QWRQLRGH2YLHGR6-LQWLWXODGR/DPXMHUIXHUWH3DUDODVKRQUDV
I~QHEUHVGHODPDUTXHVDVHFRQVWUX\yXQW~PXORSRVLEOHPHQWHXQD³VHQFLOODJUDGHUtD
GHVLHWHHVFDORQHV´SURIXVDPHQWHDGRUQDGRFRQXQDVHULHGHMHURJOt¿FRVFHQWUDGRV
HQHPEOHPDVODSLGDULRVFRPRPHWiIRUDGHODVYLUWXGHVGHODEHQHIDFWRUD0tQJXH]
8QDGHVFULSFLyQGHODHPEOHPiWLFDTXHUHFXEULyHVWHW~PXORIXHFRPSXHVWD\
GDGDDODLPSUHQWDDODxRVLJXLHQWHSRUHOSDGUH)UDQFLVFR-DYLHU&DUUDQ]D&DUUDQ]D
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDOFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDGHYLUUH\HVI
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDOI
$*1&DOLIRUQLDVI
258
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
DTXHO IDPRVR MHVXLWD TXLHQ SURIHWL]DUD HQ XQ VHUPyQ GH HO WUDVODGR
GHODVLOODDSRVWyOLFDD$PpULFDIXQGiQGRVHHQHOSHVRGHODDSDULFLyQJXDGDOXSDQD
\TXHIXHUHSURGXFLGRHQPXFKRVVHUPRQHVDORODUJRGHOVLJOR;9,,,\UHWRPDGR
IUHQWHODFULVLVGH%UDGLQJ
$O IDOOHFHU *HUWUXGLV GH OD 3HxD TXHGy FRPR KHUHGHUR GH WRGRV VXV ELHQHV
SURSLHGDGHV\WtWXORVVXSULPR-RVpGHOD3XHQWHTXLHQPRULUtDFDVLXQDxRGHVSXpV
HOGHIHEUHURGHHQHO&ROHJLR,PSHULDOGHOD&RPSDxtDGH-HV~VHQ0DGULG
(OPDUTXpVGHMyFRPRDSRGHUDGRDOSURYLQFLDOGHORVMHVXLWDVHQ0p[LFR&ULVWyEDO
GH(VFREDU/ODPDVTXLHQWHVWyDVXQRPEUHHQODFLXGDGGH0p[LFRHQDEULOGH
(QHVHDxRSURVHJXtDHOSOHLWRGH-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGDSRUODVXFHVLyQ3DUD\D
IDOOHFLGRVWDQWRODPDUTXHVDGHODV7RUUHVGH5DGDFRPRHOPDUTXpVGH9LOODSXHQWH
-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGDYROYLyDWHQHUXQUHYpVHQODDXGLHQFLDGH0p[LFRSRUGRVDXWRV
TXHHQGH¿QLWLYDFDQFHODEDQVXSUHWHQVLyQDODVXFHVLyQ/DDXGLHQFLDGH0p[LFR
SURFHGLyDODUHYLVWDGHODVHQWHQFLDTXHKDEtDGDGRHQ\ODUHVROXFLyQGHORV
RLGRUHVIXHLPSRQHUOHDOVREULQRGHOSULPHUPDUTXpV³SHUSHWXRVLOHQFLR>DpO\VXV
FROLWLJDQWHV@«\VHOHVFRQGHQyDFRVWDV´
&DEHGHWHQHUQRVHQODLPSRVLFLyQGH³SHUSHWXRVLOHQFLR´LQFOXLGRHQODVHQWHQFLD
FRQWUD-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGD3DUDDTXHOHQWRQFHVHOSOHLWRKDEtDOOHJDGRDOGRPLQLR
S~EOLFR\FRQYLVRVGHHVFiQGDORSXHVWRTXHWDQWRORVDOHJDWRVGHODERJDGRGHORV
ELHQHVGHORVPDUTXHVHV$QWRQLR9HUJDUDFRPRORVGHODERJDGRGH-RVp/RUHQ]GH
5DGD-RVp+LGDOJRIXHURQGDGRVDODLPSUHQWD9HUJDUDH+LGDOJR6L
ELHQHUDXQDFRVWXPEUHPX\H[WHQGLGDSXEOLFDUORVDOHJDWRVHOKHFKRGHEHKDEHU
VLGR YLVWR SRU ORV RLGRUHV FRPR IXHQWH GH H[FHVLYR EXOOLFLR 3RU HMHPSOR HO 'U
9HUJDUD H[SUHVy HQ HO WtWXOR GH VXV DOHJDWRV TXH ORV SXEOLFDED SDUD HO GHVDJUDYLR
\YLQGLFDFLyQGHODV¿JXUDVGHGRVLOXVWUHVSHUVRQDMHVGHODVRFLHGDG\DGLIXQWRV
DQWHODVLPSRVWXUDVLQMXULDV\DJUDYLRVFRPHWLGRVSRU-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGDHQHO
WUDQVFXUVRGHOSOHLWR
6LOHQFLDGRHQOD$XGLHQFLDGH0p[LFR/RUHQ]GH5DGDOOHYyHQWRQFHVHOSOHLWR
HQDSHODFLyQDQWHHO6XSUHPR&RQVHMRGH,QGLDVGRQGHYLVWRVORVWHVWLPRQLRVVH
UHYRFDURQORVDXWRV\GHWHUPLQDFLRQHVGHORVWULEXQDOHVGHODFLXGDGGH0p[LFR\
SRUUHDOHMHFXWRULDGHVHRUGHQyTXHVHOHGLHUDSRVHVLyQGHOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHU
PD\RU\UHJLVWUDGRUGHODVFLQFRDXGLHQFLDVDVtFRPRODSRVHVLyQGHOWtWXORGHPDUTXpV
GHODV7RUUHVGH5DGD-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGDUHJUHVyDOD1XHYD(VSDxDDSULQFLSLRV
GHIHEUHURGH$OOOHJDUHQFRQWUyTXHXQDVHULHGHSURSLHGDGHVTXHKDEtDQ
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDOIFRSLDGHODVHQWHQFLDGHOFRQVHMRGH,QGLDVD
IDYRUGH-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGD
$*,(VFULEDQtD$IU(OSOHLWRSURVLJXHHQ(VFULEDQtD%
9pDVHODWHVLVGHOLFHQFLDWXUDLQpGLWDGH$OHMDQGUR0D\DJRLWLD6WRQH0D\DJRLWLD˺̂̂˻
([LVWHQ GRV H[SHGLHQWHV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ GH SDVDMHURV GH ,QGLDV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D -RVp
/RUHQ]GH5DGDPDUTXpVGHODV7RUUHVGH5DGDGHIHFKDGHGHGLFLHPEUHGH\GHIHEUHUR
GH$*,&RQWUDWDFLyQ15\15
259
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
HVWDGRYLQFXODGDVDOPDUTXHVDGRHVWDEDHQPDQRVGHORVMHVXLWDVHQYLQFXODFLyQFRQ
ODVPLVLRQHVGH&DOLIRUQLDJUDFLDVDODKDELOLGDGGHVXSURYLQFLDO(VFREDU\/ODPDV
$GHPiVSDUDDTXHOHQWRQFHVORVFLQFRWHQLHQWD]JRVGHOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHUPD\RU
\ UHJLVWUDGRU HUDQ VHUYLGRV SRU PLHPEURV GH OD &RPSDxtD GH -HV~V 3RU OR WDQWR
\DSHVDUGHODUHDOHMHFXWRULD\TXH/RUHQ]GH5DGDWRPySRVHVLyQGHOR¿FLRGH
FKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUODGH¿QLFLyQGHODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRYLQFXODGRDOUHVWRGH
ODVSURSLHGDGHVFHGLGDVDOD&RPSDxtDGH-HV~VSURYRFyXQOLWLJLRLQWHUPLQDEOHHQWUH
pO\ORVLJQDFLDQRV
$QWHHVWHSDQRUDPDUHVXOWDEDQHFHVDULRTXH-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGDD¿DQ]DUD
VXVUHGHVGHUHODFLRQHVHQODFLXGDGGH0p[LFR4XL]iFRPRSDUWHGHHVWDHVWUDWHJLD
GHFLGLy FDVDUVH FRQ XQD GDPD SHUWHQHFLHQWH D XQD UHG IDPLOLDU GH DPSOLR SRGHU
HFRQyPLFR\VRFLDO&DWDOLQD0DQXHOD1~xH]GH9LOODYLFHQFLR\'iYDORVQDFLGD
\ EDXWL]DGD HQ OD FLXGDG GH 0p[LFR HQ /D PDGULQD GH EDXWLVPR \ DEXHOD
PDWHUQDGH&DWDOLQDHUD0DUtD&DWDOLQD(VSLQR]DGHORV0RQWHURVFRQGHVDYLXGD
GHOHU0LUDYDOOHQRGRGHXQOLQDMHFRQDPSOLDVUHODFLRQHVIDPLOLDUHVVRFLDOHV\
HFRQyPLFDVHQOD1XHYD(VSDxD(OPDWULPRQLRGXUySRFRWLHPSRSXHV-RVp/RUHQ]
GH5DGDIDOOHFLyHQVHSWLHPEUHGHVLQGHVFHQGHQFLDGHMDQGRSHQGLHQWHHO
OLWLJLR FRQ OD &RPSDxtD GH -HV~V /D ~QLFD VXFHVRUD GH -RVp /RUHQ] GH 5DGD
IXHVXYLXGDTXLHQQRVyORKHUHGyHOR¿FLRGHFKDQFLOOHUVLQRWDPELpQSOHLWRVHQ
SURFHVR\GHXGDVQDGDPiVIDOOHFHUVXPDULGRVHLQLFLyXQFRQFXUVRGHDFUHHGRUHV
HQWUHORVFXDOHVHVWDEDODUHDOKDFLHQGDTXHGHPDQGDEDHOSDJRGHODPHGLDDQDWD
\ODQ]DVSRUHOWtWXORGHPDUTXpVGHODV7RUUHVGH5DGDDOTXHVHVXPDURQRWURV
SDUWLFXODUHV
&DWDOLQD 1~xH] GH 9LOODYLFHQFLR DKRUD PDUTXHVD GH ODV 7RUUHV GH 5DGD \
SURSLHWDULDGHOR¿FLRVHJ~QVHFRQVLJQDHQXQRGHORVOLEURVGHOFKDQFLOOHUPD\RU\
UHJLVWUDGRUGHQRPEUyFRPRVXWHQLHQWHDXQ)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGD(O
OLEURGHUHJLVWURUHFRJHORDFWXDGR\ODVFXHQWDVGHOWHQLHQWHGHFKDQFLOOHUUHJLVWUDGRU
GHVGH HO GH VHSWLHPEUH GH D GLFLHPEUH GH VLJQDGDV GH UHJLVWUR
VLHPSUHSRUODPLVPDSOXPDGH)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGDGXUDQWHHVRVFLQFRDxRV
6LQHPEDUJRPXHUWR-RVp)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGDMXVWDPHQWHHQVHSWLHPEUHGH
TXHGDSRUGHVSHMDUTXLpQHUDH[DFWDPHQWHHOWHQLHQWHGHHOODTXH¿UPyFRPR
)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGDKDVWD
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOIIUVV
&DVDGRVHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGHHQHO6DJUDULRGHOD&DWHGUDOGH0p[LFR$36&0
0DWULPRQLRVIY
+LMD GH 0DQXHO 1~xH] GH 9LOODYLFHQFLR 2UR]FR \ 0DUtD &DWDOLQD 0DQXHOD 'iYDORV
%UDFDPRQWHV \ (VSLQR]D GH ORV 0RQWHURV IXH EDXWL]DGD HO GH MXOLR GH HQ HO 6DJUDULR GH OD
&DWHGUDOGH0p[LFR$36&0%DXWLVPRGHHVSDxROHVI
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOIIUVV
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDO5HDODXGLHQFLD
260
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
9HDPRVDKRUDORVSOHLWRVTXHKXERDSDUWLUGHHQWRQFHVDOUHGHGRUGHOR¿FLR
(O PHQFLRQDGR OLWLJLR FRQ ORV MHVXLWDV VH FHQWUy HQ OR WRFDQWH D OD DVLJQDFLyQ GH
ORVEHQH¿FLRVREWHQLGRVSRUHOWUDEDMRGHODFKDQFLOOHUtD\UHJLVWUR\SURVHJXtDXQD
GpFDGDGHVSXpVGHODH[SXOVLyQGHORVMHVXLWDVSXHVHVWDEDSHQGLHQWHHQHOPRPHQWR
HQHOTXHVHSLGLyLQIRUPDFLyQDUDt]GHODFpGXODGHLQFRUSRUDFLyQGH$HVWR
VHOHVXPyTXHFRQODQRWLFLDGHOIDOOHFLPLHQWRGH-RVp/RUHQ]GH5DGDXQSDULHQWH
FHUFDQRHQODYLOODGH/DUHGR3HGURGH5HYLOOD6LHUUDLQLFLyHOSURFHVRSDUDWRPDU
SRVHVLyQ GH ODV SURSLHGDGHV SHQLQVXODUHV GHO PDUTXpV GH ODV 7RUUHV GH 5DGD DVt
FRPRGHVXVWtWXORVGHFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUHQOD,QGLDVVHSWHQWULRQDOHV'DGDVX
DYDQ]DGDHGDGGHFLGLyUHQXQFLDUHOR¿FLRHQVXVREULQR$JXVWtQGH5DGD\5HYLOOD
TXLHQVLJXLyOLWLJDQGRPXFKRVDxRVGHVSXpVFRQORVVXFHVRUHVGHODPDUTXHVD
0LHQWUDVWDQWRHQOD1XHYD(VSDxDODYLXGDGHOPDUTXpVVLQGHVFHQGHQFLD
OHJy HQ VX WHVWDPHQWR HO R¿FLR GH FKDQFLOOHU PD\RU \ UHJLVWUDGRU GH ODV FLQFR
$XGLHQFLDVDXQVXMHWROODPDGR-RVp5DIDHOGH-iXUHJXL6DQGRYDO\=DSDWDPLHQWUDV
TXHDOKLMRGHpVWH-RVp0DUtDGH-iXUHJXL9LOODQXHYD\=DSDWDORGHFODUyFRPRVX
KHUHGHURXQLYHUVDO3RVWHULRUPHQWH5DIDHOGH-iXUHJXLFHGLy\WUDVSDVyHOR¿FLRDVX
KLMR3DUDFHUUDUODFDGHQDGHSOHLWRVDSHQDVKXERWRPDGRSRVHVLyQGHOFDUJR-RVp
0DUtDGH-iXUHJXLWXYRTXHHQIUHQWDUXQQXHYROLWLJLRFRQHOEDFKLOOHU-XDQ-RVpGH
OD'HKHVD5DGD\3DODFLRTXLHQDOHJDEDGHUHFKRVVREUHHOR¿FLR
5. UN PROCESO INCOMPLETO: LA INCORPORACIÓN DEL
OFICIO A LA CORONA
7UDVODPXHUWHHQGH)HUQDQGRGH6LOYDÈOYDUH]GH7ROHGRGXTXHGH
$OEDGH7RUUHV\WLWXODUGHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUGH,QGLDV-RVp
GH*iOYH]RUGHQyTXHVHLQLFLDVHXQSURFHVRGHFRQVXOWDVREUHODFRQYHQLHQFLDGH
PDQWHQHURQRODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRHQPDQRVSULYDGDV(OUHVXOWDGRIXHXQ5HDO
'HFUHWRGHGHGLFLHPEUHGHHVHDxRPHGLDQWHHOTXHVHLQFRUSRUyHOR¿FLRDOD
&RURQD *yPH] &DEH GHVWDFDU TXH pVWH IXH XQ PRPHQWR PX\ LPSRUWDQWH
SXHVSURGXMRODPD\RUFDQWLGDGGHGRFXPHQWDFLyQTXHQRVKDSHUPLWLGRDSUHFLDUHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR\DYDWDUHVGHOR¿FLRHQHOVLJOR;9,,,
(OGHFUHWRGHGHGLFLHPEUHVRODPHQWHDIHFWDEDDOIUDJPHQWRGHSURSLHGDGGHO
R¿FLRWRFDQWHDOJUDQFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUPD\RUGH,QGLDVYLQFXODGRGLUHFWDPHQWH
DO &RQVHMR 3HUR RULJLQDOPHQWH HO R¿FLR REWHQLGR PHGLDQWH MXUR GH KHUHGDG SRU
6REUHHVWDVXFHVLyQGDUiSURQWRQRWLFLD-DYLHU6DQFKL]HQHOWRPR9GHVXREUD6DQFKL]\
&RQGH
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOIY1RKHHQFRQWUDGRHOWHVWDPHQWRSHURVHJ~QQRWLFLD
GHOSURSLR-RVp0DUtDGH-iXUHJXLODVHxRUD1~xH]GH9LOODYLFHQFLRORGHFODUyKHUHGHURXQLYHUVDOHQOD
FOiXVXODGHVXWHVWDPHQWRPLHQWUDVTXHOHJyDGRQ5DIDHOORVR¿FLRVGHODVFLQFRFKDQFLOOHUtDVHQOD
/RVGDWRVSURYLHQHQGHOLQIRUPHVROLFLWDGRDUDt]GHODUHDOFpGXODGHLQFRUSRUDFLyQD-RVp0DUtD
GH-iXUHJXLTXLHQVHGHVHPSHxDEDFRPRFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUHQ
261
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
2OLYDUHVLQFOXtDHOGHODV$XGLHQFLDVGH,QGLDV3RUHOORVHDJLWyRWUDFRQVXOWDHQHO
&RQVHMRGH,QGLDVTXHGHWHUPLQyTXHWDPELpQODSURSLHGDGGHORVR¿FLRVGHJUDQ
FKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUGHODV$XGLHQFLDVLQGLDQDVGHEtDVHULQFRUSRUDGRDODFRURQD
HO GH PD\R GH (VWD GHFLVLyQ VH FRPXQLFy D ORV YLUUH\HV GH 3HU~ \ GH OD
1XHYD(VSDxD\DODVUHVSHFWLYDV$XGLHQFLDVSRU5HDO&pGXODGH&DUORV,,,GHOGH
RFWXEUHGH(OSUREOHPDHUDODGLVSHUVLyQGHOR¿FLRSXHVWUDVODIUDJPHQWDFLyQ
UHDOL]DGDSRUHOHUPDUTXpVGH/HJDQpVODSURSLHGDGGHOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODVFLQFR
$XGLHQFLDV VHSWHQWULRQDOHV HVWDED HQ SOHLWR PLHQWUDV TXH OD GHO R¿FLR GH DOJXQDV
GHODV$XGLHQFLDVUHODWLYDVDOD6HFUHWDUtDGHO3HU~&KDUFDV\4XLWRSRVLEOHPHQWH
6DQWD)HHVWDEDHQPDQRVGHOžPDUTXpVGH$VWRUJDTXLHQODVFHGLyDODFRURQD
XQRVDxRVGHVSXpV3RUVXSDUWHHQOD$XGLHQFLDGH&KLOH\HQODGH/LPDHOR¿FLR
\DHUDSURSLHGDGGHOD&RURQDFRPRR¿FLRYHQGLEOH\UHQXQFLDEOHDOPRPHQWRGHOD
LQFRUSRUDFLyQPLHQWUDVTXHHQODTXHVHUHLQVWDOyHQ%XHQRV$LUHVHQVHFUHy
HOR¿FLRFRPRYHQGLEOH\UHQXQFLDEOH*yPH]
/DV FOiXVXODV GH LQFRUSRUDFLyQ RUGHQDEDQ TXH D TXLHQHV IXHVHQ SUREDGRV \
OHJtWLPRVWLWXODUHVGHOR¿FLRVHOHVGHVSDFKDUDWtWXORFRPRR¿FLDOLQWHULQRKDVWDQXHYD
GLVSRVLFLyQDVLJQiQGROHVXQVDODULRDFRUGHDORVLQJUHVRVSURSLRVGHODFKDQFLOOHUtD
\UHJLVWUR\HQDWHQFLyQDOYDORUHQDOPRQHGDPHGLDQWHHOFXDOORVWHQHGRUHVKDEtDQ
FRPSUDGRHOFDUJR(VWDFRPSHQVDFLyQPRQHWDULDSDUDHOFDVRGHORVFLQFRR¿FLRV
DGTXLULGRVSRU/RUHQ]GH5DGDSRUSHVRVHQ\TXHSDUDHVWDEDQ
HQ PDQRV GH -RVp 0DUtD GH -iXUHJXL VHJ~Q VXV FiOFXORV LPSRUWDED DQXDOPHQWH
XQDGRWDFLyQGHDOUHGHGRUGH\SLFRGHSHVRVPiVXQDD\XGDSDUDJDVWRVGH
R¿FLQDGHSHVRV\XQDDVLJQDFLyQGHOUDPRGHPHGLRUHDOGHPLQLVWURVGH
SHVRV (O PRQWR WRWDO GHO VDODULR FDOFXODGR IXH GH SHVRV DQXDOHV TXHGDQGR
SDUDODUHDOKDFLHQGDVRODPHQWHSHVRVDSDUWLUGHOFiOFXORGHLQJUHVRVGHOR¿FLR
3DUDORVWHQHGRUHVODRIHUWDQRHUDQDGDGHVSUHFLDEOHHQOD1XHYD(VSDxDXQRLGRU
JDQDEDDOUHGHGRUGHSHVRVDQXDOHVVLQFRQWDUVXVFRPLVLRQHV\ODVIRUWXQDV
GHORVFRPHUFLDQWHVHQODPLVPDRVFLODEDQHQWUHORVPLO\HOPLOOyQGHSHVRV(O
SUREOHPDSDUDODFRURQDHUDHOSDJRGHXQDFRPSHQVDFLyQIXQGDGDHQHOSUHFLRHQ
DOPRQHGDGHOR¿FLRTXHVLQHVWDUFODUDPHQWHHVWLSXODGRHQODVFOiXVXODVGH
SDUHFH TXH HPSH]y D URQGDU HQ ORV GLIHUHQWHV SURFHVRV 4XL]i HV TXH SRU HOOR R
SRUTXHORVEHQH¿FLRVUHSRUWDGRVSRUHOFRQMXQWRGHORVR¿FLRVQROHUHSUHVHQWDUtD
QLQJXQDFDQWLGDGFXDQWLRVDXQDYH]GHVFRQWDGRVORVVDODULRVODFRURQDGHMyPRULUOD
LQFRUSRUDFLyQDSHQDVGHFUHWDGDSXHVHQVHUHLQWHJUyHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHU
\UHJLVWUDGRUGHPD\RUGH,QGLDVDOD&DVDGH2OLYDUHVHQODSHUVRQDGHODGXTXHVDGH
$OED0DUtD7HUHVD&D\HWDQD6LOYDÈOYDUH]GH7ROHGRFRQWRGDVODVSUHHPLQHQFLDV
LQFOXLGDYR]\YRWRHQHO&RQVHMR*yPH]
6LQHPEDUJRHODVXQWRGHORVR¿FLRVGHODV$XGLHQFLDVLQGLDQDVVHSWHQWULRQDOHV
GHPRUy PiV HQ VX VROXFLyQ \ HO UHVXOWDGR HUD LQFLHUWR DO LQLFLR GH ODV JXHUUDV GH
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOIIUY
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOII
262
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
HPDQFLSDFLyQ (Q XQ LQIRUPH GHO YLUUH\ 0DQXHO $QWRQLR )OyUH] 0DOGRQDGR
DO &RQVHMR GH ,QGLDV GH GH HQHUR GH VH GLR FXHQWD GH WRGR OR DFWXDGR
UHVSHFWRDOR¿FLRHQODV$XGLHQFLDVGH0p[LFR*XDGDODMDUD\*XDWHPDODDSDUWLUGH
ODUHDOFpGXODGHLQFRUSRUDFLyQGH(QORWRFDQWHDORVR¿FLRVGHOD$XGLHQFLD
GH 0DQLOD \ GH OD GH 6DQWR 'RPLQJR )OyUH] GHFODUy TXH FDUHFtD GH FXDOTXLHU
LQIRUPDFLyQ\VXSXVRTXHHVRVHGHEtDDTXHORVUHVSHFWLYRVWULEXQDOHVKDEUtDQGDGR
FXHQWD GLUHFWDPHQWH DO UH\ (O LQIRUPH GH )OyUH] DEDUFD XQDV IRMDV H LQFOX\H
WUHFHFXDGHUQLOORVFRQWHVWLPRQLRVGHORVYDULRVSURFHVRV\DVXQWRVTXHSURYRFyOD
LQLFLDWLYDGHLQFRUSRUDFLyQGH*iOYH](VWHHVXQLQIRUPHPX\LQWHUHVDQWH\DTXH
HOYLUUH\PLVPRFRQVLGHUyTXHHOSURFHVRGHLQFRUSRUDFLyQVHKDEtDUHWUDVDGRSRU
ODLQ¿QLGDGGHSOHLWRV\FDXVDVTXHVHDEULHURQ\TXHVHVXPDURQDORVSOHLWRVTXH
\DGHSRUVtYHQtDDUUDVWUDQGRODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRGHVGHODPXHUWHGH/RUHQ]GH
5DGD2WURDVSHFWRLPSRUWDQWHGHOUHWUDVRFRQVLGHUDGRSRU)OyUH]HUDODVHSDUDFLyQ
TXH PHGLDED HQWUH ODV GLYHUVDV DXGLHQFLDV ³FX\DV GLVWDQFLDV R ODV SHUH]RVDV
FRQWHVWDFLRQHVKDQHQWRUSHFLGRODFRQFOXVLyQGHXQH[SHGLHQWHGHWDQWDJUDYHGDG´
/DV~QLFDV$XGLHQFLDVTXHKDEUtDQYHUL¿FDGRODLQFRUSRUDFLyQDSDUHQWHPHQWHVLQ
SUREOHPDDXQTXHKDEUtDTXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDHOSURFHVRGHODGH0p[LFRGRQGHVH
ORFDOL]DEDHOOHJtWLPRGXHxRGHVGH\VXVVXFHVRUHVHQSOHLWRKDEtDQVLGRODGH
*XDWHPDODGRQGHHOGHDJRVWRGHVHQRPEUyFKDQFLOOHULQWHULQRD6LPyQGH
/DUUD]iEDOTXLHQKDEtDVLGRWHQLHQWHGH-RVp0DUtDGH-iXUHJXLFRQODDVLJQDFLyQ
GHXQVXHOGRGHSHVRVDQXDOHV\OD$XGLHQFLDGH*XDGDODMDUDGRQGHVHQRPEUy
FRPRFKDQFLOOHULQWHULQRD$JXVWtQ7DPD\RHQHOPLVPRDxRGHSHURGHORFXDO
QRVHGLRFXHQWDDOYLUUH\QLDO&RQVHMRVLQRKDVWDSRUKDEHUVHH[WUDYLDGRHO
H[SHGLHQWH
'RV DVXQWRV GH PD\RU LPSRUWDQFLD HQWRUSHFLHURQ OD LQFRUSRUDFLyQ GHO R¿FLR
HQ OD$XGLHQFLD GH 0p[LFR (O SULPHUR GH HOORV IXH HO SXQWR GH OD FRPSHQVDFLyQ
\ UHFRPSHQVDV D ORV SUREDGRV GXHxRV GHO R¿FLR D UDt] GH OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GH OD
UHDOFpGXODGHFXHVWLyQTXHDJLWyHQVXPRPHQWRHO¿VFDO%DOWDVDU/DGUyQGH
*XHYDUD(OVHJXQGRDVXQWRWLHQHTXHYHUFRQORVSOHLWRVTXHHQIUHQWy-RVp0DUtD
GH-iXUHJXLVXSXHVWRGXHxRSRUVXFHVLyQ\DTXLHQVHOHKDEtDDVLJQDGRHOWtWXORGH
FKDQFLOOHU \ UHJLVWUDGRU LQWHULQR FRQ¿UPDGR SRU UHDO FpGXOD GH FDUJR TXH
VLJXLy VLUYLHQGR GXUDQWH WRGR HO SURFHVR FRQ -XDQ -RVp 'HKHVD 5DGD$JXVWtQ
GH5DGD5HYLOOD\HO)RQGR3LDGRVRGHODV0LVLRQHVGH&DOLIRUQLDSRUGHUHFKRVGH
VXFHVLyQ(QHOtQWHU-iXUHJXLVLJXLySUHVHQWDQGRULJXURVDPHQWHDODUHDODXGLHQFLD
ODVFXHQWDVDQXDOHVGHORVGHUHFKRVJHQHUDGRVSRUVHOOR\UHJLVWUR&DEHGHFLUDTXt
TXHGLFKRSOHLWRVHJXtDSHQGLHQWHHOGHPDU]RGHHQ0DGULGSXHVIDOWDED
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOIIUY
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOIIU
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDOUHDOHVFpGXODVRULJLQDOHV\GXSOLFDGDVII
$XQTXH HQ XQ PRPHQWR KDFLD SLGLy UHQXQFLDU D VX R¿FLR SDUD WRPDU HO HVWDGR
HFOHVLiVWLFR$*1$OFDEDODVII
LH$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDOFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDGHGLYHUVDVDXWRULGDGHVII
263
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
HO LQIRUPH GHO UHODWRU SDUD SRGHU YHUVH HQ VHQWHQFLD GH¿QLWLYD 3DUHFH TXH ORV
SOHLWRVIXHURQ¿QLTXLWDGRVFRPSOHWDPHQWHPiVWDUGHSXHVWRTXHOD5HDO$XGLHQFLD
UHFLELyORVDXWRVGHOSOHLWRYLVWRVHQGH¿QLWLYDSRUHO&RQVHMRHQ0LHQWUDV
WDQWR -iXUHJXL VLJXLy HQ HO GHVHPSHxR GHO R¿FLR KDVWD FREUDQGR GLYHUVDV
DVLJQDFLRQHVHQWUHHOODVODGHOUDPRGHPHGLRUHDOGHPLQLVWURV
$ SDUWLU GH HQFRQWUDPRV D -RVp ,JQDFLR 1HJUHLURV \ 6RULD FRPR
FKDQFLOOHU GH OD 5HDO$XGLHQFLD GH 0p[LFR 'HVGH YDULRV DxRV DQWHV 1HJUHLURV
VH GHVHPSHxDED FRPR HVFULEDQR PD\RU GH JREHUQDFLyQ \ JXHUUD HQ OD 6HFUHWDUtD
GHO9LUUHLQDWR6LQHPEDUJRKD\UHJLVWURGHODHQWUHJDGHXQOLEURGHFKDQFLOOHUtD
GH PDQR GH -iXUHJXL FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D DO WULEXQDO GH FXHQWDV HQ HO DxR GH
&DEH PHQFLRQDU TXH HO SHULRGR GH D IXH FRPSOLFDGR SDUD OD
$XGLHQFLDGH0p[LFR\HOUHVWRGHORVWULEXQDOHV\R¿FLQDVSRUFDXVDGHODJXHUUDGH
LQGHSHQGHQFLD(QHVWDpSRFDKXERPXFKRVFDPELRVVREUHWRGRHQWUHORVWLWXODUHV
GHORVR¿FLRVS~EOLFRVYDULRVTXHGDURQYDFRVRWURVFDPELDURQGHWLWXODUHVYDULDV
YHFHV *D\RO 'H WDO PDQHUD TXH ODV GHFLVLRQHV WRPDGDV HQ HO &RQVHMR GH
,QGLDVHQHOOLWLJLRVREUHODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRGHJUDQFKDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUGHODV
FLQFR$XGLHQFLDVVHSWHQWULRQDOHVOOHJDGDVDOD$XGLHQFLDGH0p[LFRHQ\TXH
KDEUiQGH¿QLGRODVDFFLRQHVDWRPDUUHVSHFWRDVXLQFRUSRUDFLyQDOD&RURQDPX\
SRVLEOHPHQWHTXHGDURQHQORVHVFULWRULRVGHOYLUUH\\ORVRLGRUHV+DEtDSUREOHPDV
PiVDSUHPLDQWHVDFDXVDGHODJXHUUD\SURQWRHQXQRVFXDQWRVDxRVODLQVWLWXFLyQ
GHOD$XGLHQFLD\ORVR¿FLRVDHOODYLQFXODGRVVXIULUtDQXQDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQUDGLFDO
FRQODFRQVXPDFLyQGHODLQGHSHQGHQFLDGH0p[LFR\ODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQDQXHYD
DUTXLWHFWXUDLQVWLWXFLRQDO
6. COLOFÓN
1R KD VLGR SRVLEOH DTXt SRU UD]RQHV GH HVSDFLR DEXQGDU HQ RWURV DVSHFWRV
LPSRUWDQWHV VREUH HO R¿FLR GH FKDQFLOOHU HQ OD 1XHYD (VSDxD GHO VLJOR ;9,,,
FXHVWLRQHV TXH YDQ GHVGH OD UHJXODFLyQ GH ORV LQJUHVRV PHGLDQWH DUDQFHOHV KDVWD
HO DQiOLVLV GH ORV SOHLWRV GH SUHFHGHQFLD TXH VH UHSLWLHURQ FRQVWDQWHPHQWH \ TXH
RIUHFHQLQIRUPDFLyQGHOFyPRORVSURSLHWDULRVGHOR¿FLRDSURYHFKDEDQWHQHU³HQVt´
ODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQPLVPDGHOPRQDUFD
$*,,QGLIHUHQWHJHQHUDOIIY
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDO5HDO$XGLHQFLDII
$*1$OPDFHQHVUHDOHVI
1DFLGRHQOD&LXGDGGH0p[LFRHQ-RVp,JQDFLR1HJUHLURV\6RULDHUDKLMRGH,JQDFLR
1HJUHLURV+HUUHUDTXLHQKDEtDVLGRFRQWDGRUGHO5HDO7ULEXQDOGH&XHQWDV\QLHWRSRUHOODGRPDWHUQR
GH-XDQ0DUWtQH]GH6RULDHVFULEDQRPD\RUGHJREHUQDFLyQ\JXHUUDGHOD6HFUHWDUtDGHO9LUUHLQDWR
,FD]D'RIRXU
$*17LHUUDV
$*1,QGLIHUHQWHYLUUHLQDO7ULEXQDOGHFXHQWDVII
264
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
6LQHPEDUJRDXQTXHODVLWXDFLyQGHOLWLJLRGHODSURSLHGDGGHOR¿FLRHQ1XHYD
(VSDxD\DHUDFRQRFLGDSRUODKLVWRULRJUDItDLH*yPH]GHVFULELUFRQ
GHWHQLPLHQWR ORV IHQyPHQRV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD YLQFXODFLyQ GH XQ R¿FLR S~EOLFR
DOSDWULPRQLRGHXQDVHULHGHSHUVRQDMHVSDUWtFLSHVGHGLYHUVDVUHGHVIDPLOLDUHVQRV
SHUPLWHDSUHFLDUXQIHQyPHQRSURSLRGHOHMHUFLFLRGHOSRGHUHQODVSRVWULPHUtDVGH
ODHGDGPRGHUQD$SDUWHGHODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHPRYLOLGDGGHODVSHUVRQDV\JUXSRV
TXHLPSOLFDEDHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHUHGHVFX\DVDFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDV\SROtWLFDV
EXVFDURQXQUHVSDOGRPHGLDQWHODDGTXLVLFLyQGHHOHPHQWRVVLPEyOLFRVGHGLVWLQFLyQ
SDUDVXVPLHPEURVJUDGRVXQLYHUVLWDULRVR¿FLRVGHJRELHUQRKiELWRVGHyUGHQHV
PLOLWDUHVRWtWXORVGHQREOH]DHODQiOLVLVQRVPXHVWUDODVWHQVLRQHVDORODUJRGHO
SURFHVR GH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH OD LGHD GH SRGHU SROtWLFR \ GHO JRELHUQR D ¿QDO GHO
DQWLJXRUpJLPHQFXDQGRODVYLHMDVIRUPDVWUDGLFLRQDOHVVHJXtDQUHSURGXFLpQGRVHHQ
PHGLRGHODVQXHYDVH[LJHQFLDVGHXQFRQWUROSROtWLFRPiVFHQWUDOL]DGR\HIHFWLYRHQ
VXVDFFLRQHV
7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
ÈOYDUH]1RJDO&DUORV/RVPDHVWUHVGHSODWDGXUDQWHHOUHLQDGRGH)HOLSH,9
1RPEUDPLHQWRV\EHQH¿FLRV(Q*XWLpUUH](VFXGHUR$QWRQLRFRRUG&LHQFLD
HFRQRPtD \ SROtWLFD HQ +LVSDQRDPpULFD FRORQLDO 6HYLOOD (VFXHOD GH (VWXGLRV
+LVSDQR$PHULFDQRVGH6HYLOODS
%HULVWDLQGH6RX]D-RVp0DULDQR%LEOLRWHFDKLVSDQRDPHULFDQDVHSWHQWULRQDO
0p[LFR,,,
%HUWUDQG0LFKHO*UDQGH]D\PLVHULDGHOR¿FLR/RVR¿FLDOHVGHOD5HDO+DFLHQGD
GHOD1XHYD(VSDxDVLJORV;9,,\;9,,,0p[LFR)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFD(O
&ROHJLRGH0LFKRDFiQ&,'(&(0&$,QVWLWXWR0RUDS
%UDGLQJ 'DYLG$ 3DWULRWLVPR \ QDFLRQDOLVPR HQ OD KLVWRULD GH 0p[LFR (Q
$FWDV GHO ;,, &RQJUHVR GH OD $VRFLDFLyQ ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH +LVSDQLVWDV Y (VWXGLRVKLVSDQRDPHULFDQRV,FRRUG7UHYRU-'DGVRQ%LUPLQJKDP8QLYHUVLW\
RI%LUPLQJKDPS
&DOGHUyQ 4XLMDQR -RVp $QWRQLR )RUWL¿FDFLRQHV HQ 1XHYD (VSDxD 0DGULG
*RELHUQRGHO(VWDGRGH9HUDFUX]&RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWt¿FD
(VFXHODGH(VWXGLRV+LVSDQRDPHULFDQRV
&DUUDQ]D)UDQFLVFR;DYLHU/ODQWRGHODVSLHGUDV(QODVHQWLGDPXHUWHGHODPiV
JHQHURVD3HxD«0p[LFR,PSUHQWDGH')UDQFLVFR;DYLHU6DQFKH]
'RPtQJXH]2UWL]$QWRQLR/DTXLHEUDGH'RPLQJRGH<SHxDUULHWDPDHVWUHGH
SODWD(Q$UFKLYR+LVSDOHQVHUHYLVWDKLVWyULFDOLWHUDULD\DUWtVWLFDS
(VSLQR/ySH]$QWRQLR/DV,QGLDV\ODWUDWDGtVWLFDPLOLWDUKLVSDQDGHORVVLJORV
;9,\;9,,$QXDULRGH(VWXGLRV$PHULFDQRV/9,,S
265
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
*D\RO9tFWRU/DEHULQWRVGHMXVWLFLD3URFXUDGRUHVHVFULEDQRV\R¿FLDOHVGHOD
5HDO$XGLHQFLDGH0p[LFR=DPRUD(O&ROHJLRGH0LFKRDFiQY
*yPH]*yPH]0DUJDULWD(OVHOOR\UHJLVWURGH,QGLDV,PDJHQ\UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ
.|OQ%|KODX
*UX]LQVNL6HUJH/DVFXDWURSDUWHVGHOPXQGR+LVWRULDGHXQDPXQGLDOL]DFLyQ
0p[LFR)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFD
*UX]LQVNL6HUJH/¶$LJOHHWOH'UDJRQ'pPHVXUHHXURSpHQQHHWPRQGDOLVDWLRQ
DX;9,eVLqFOH3DULV)D\DUG
*XHYDUD(UUD0DUtD9LFWRULD/DVUHGHVMHVXtWLFDVHQ+LVSDQRDPpULFD&RQH[LRQHV
HQWUH0p[LFR&XEDHQHOVLJOR;9,,,5HYLVWD%UDVLOHLUDGR&DULEH9,,,S
+HUUHUD *DUFtD $QWRQLR (O PDUTXHVDGR \ PD\RUD]JR GH 0DLUHQD 2ULJHQ
\ GRWDFLyQ /DV UHQWDV LQGLDQDV GH pVWD 0LQHUYDH %DHWLFDH EROHWtQ GH OD 5HDO
$FDGHPLD6HYLOODQDGHODV%XHQDV/HWUDV;9,S
+HVSDQKD$QWyQLR0DQXHO$PRYLOLGDGHVRFLDOQDVRFLHGDGGH$QWLJXR5HJLPH
7HPSRS
+LGDOJR-RVp-XUtGLFDGHPRVWUDFLyQGHODMXVWLFLDTXHDVVLVWHD'-RVHSK/RUHQ]
GH5DGDHQHOSOHLWRTXHVLJXHFRPRKHUHGHUR\VXFHVRUGHO0DHVWUHGH&DPSR'
)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGD&KDQFLOOHU\UHJLVWUDGRUGHODV5HDOHV$XGLHQFLDVGH
0p[LFR*RDWKHPDOD*XDGDOD[DUD6DQWR'RPLQJR\0DQLODFRQWUDORVELHQHV\
KHUHGHURVGH'D*HUWUXGLVGHOD3HxDYLXGDGHO0DUTXHVGHODV7RUUHVGH5DGD
$OHJDFLyQGHOOLFHQFLDGR«(Q0p[LFR(QVX,PSUHQWD5HDO\GHO1XHYRUH]DGR
GH'RxD0DUtDGH5LYHUD
,FD]D'RIRXU)UDQFLVFRGH/DVHVFULEDQtDVPD\RUHVGH*REHUQDFLyQ\*XHUUD
HQ OD 1XHYD (VSDxD (Q %HUQDO %HDWUL] FRRUG 0HPRULD GHO ,9 &RQJUHVR GH
+LVWRULDGHO'HUHFKR0H[LFDQR0p[LFR8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO$XWyQRPD
GH0p[LFR±,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV-XUtGLFDV,
/D]D=HUyQ0DUtDGHO&DUPHQ,QPLJUDQWHVFODQGHVWLQRVHVSDxROHV\H[WUDQMHURV
HQ1XHYD(VSDxDD¿QDOHVGHOVLJOR;9,,7HPDVDPHULFDQLVWDVS
/HRQDUG,UYLQJ,QIRUPHGH'RQ&DUORVGH6LJHQ]D\*yQJRUDVREUHHOFDVWLOOR
GH6DQ-XDQGH8O~D5HYLVWDGH+LVWRULDGH$PpULFDS
/RKPDQQ9LOOHQD*XLOOHUPR$QWRQLRGH/HyQ3LQHOR(OJUDQFDQFLOOHUGH,QGLDV
HVWXGLRHGLFLyQ\QRWDVGH«6HYLOOD(VFXHODGH(VWXGLRV+LVSDQR$PHULFDQRV
&RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWt¿FDV
/RUHQ]GH5DGD)UDQFLVFR5HVSXHVWDSKLORVRSKLFD\PDWKHPDWLFDHQODTXDOVH
VDWLVIDFHDORVDUJXPHQWRV\SURSRVLFLRQHVTXHDORVSURIHVRUHVGHODYHUGDGHUD
GHVWUH]D \ SKLORVRSKLD GH ODV $UPDV VH KDQ SURSXHVWR SRU XQ SDSHO H[SHGLGR
VLQQRPEUHGHDXWRU3RUHO0DHVWURGH&DPSR'RQ)UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGD
&DYDOOHUR GHO 2UGHQ GH 6DQWLDJR HOHFWR *RYHUQDGRU GH OD &LXGDG GH OD 9HUD
&UX]HQOD1XHYD(VSDxDTXHODVDFDDODOX]\GHGLFDDOH[FPRVHxRU'$QWRQLR
266
Revista de Humanidades, 22 (2014). p. 243-268. ISSN 1130-5029
0DUWtQ ÈOYDUH] GH 7ROHGR 'XTXH GH +XHVFDU F KLMR SULPRJpQLWR GHO ([PR
6HxRU 'XTXH GH$OYD F FRQ OLFHQFLD (Q 0DGULG 3RU 'LHJR 0DUWtQH]$EDG
,PSUHVRUGHOLEURV
/RUHQ] GH 5DGD )UDQFLVFR 1REOH]D GH OD HVSDGD FX\R HVSOHQGRU VH H[SUHVD
HQ WUHV OLEURV VHJ~Q FLHQFLD DUWH \ H[SHULHQFLD 3RU HO PDHVWUR GH FDPSR '
)UDQFLVFRGH5DGDFDEDOOHURGHO2UGHQGH6DQWLDJR0DUTXpVGHODV7RUUHVGH
5DGD&DQFLOOHU0D\RU\5HJLVWUDGRU3HUSHWXRGHORV5H\QRVGHOD1XHYD(VSDxD
0DGULGHQ>GLYHUVDVLPSUHQWDV@Y
/RUHQ] GH 5DGD )UDQFLVFR 'HIHQVD GH D YHUGDGHUD GHVWUH]D GH ODV$UPDV \
UHVSXHVWDGDGDSRUHOPDHVWURGHFDPSR')UDQFLVFR/RUHQ]GH5DGD&DYDOOHUR
GH OD 2UGHQ GH 6DQWLDJR 0DUTXpV GH ODV 7RUUHV GH 5DGD &KDQFLOOHU PD\RU \
5HJLVWUDGRU SHUSHWXR GH ODV 5HDOHV $XGLHQFLDV GH HVWD 1XHYD (VSDxD \ GH ODV
,VODVGH6DQWR'RPLQJR\)LOLSLQDVDODFDUWDDSRORJpWLFDTXHOHHVFULYLy'LHJR
5RGUtJXH] GH *X]PiQ JUDGXDGR GH 0DHVWUR GH (VJULPD HQ OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GHO
(QJDxR0p[LFR9LXGDGH0LJXHOGH5LEHUD&DOGHUyQHQHO(PSHGUDGLOOR
/RUHQ] GH 5DGD )UDQFLVFR 'HIHQVD GH OD YHUGDGHUD GHVWUH]D GH ODV DUPDV \
UHVSXHVWDGDGDSRUHO0DHVWURGH&DPSR«DODFDUWDDSRORJpWLFDTXHOHHVFULYLy
'LHJR5RGUtJXH]GH*X]PiQJUDGXDGRGH0DHVWURGH(VJULPDHQOD8QLYHUVLGDG
GHO(QJDxR0p[LFRSRUOD9LXGDGH0LJXHOGH5LEHUD&DOGHUyQ
0D\DJRLWLD6WRQH6HUJHL$OH[DQGHU1RWDVSDUDVHUYLUDODELEOLRJUDItDMXUtGLFD
QRYRKLVSDQD OD OLWHUDWXUD FLUFXQVWDQFLDO 7HVLV GH OLFHQFLDWXUD HQ GHUHFKR
8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO$XWyQRPDGH0p[LFRY
0D]tQÏVFDU0p[LFRHQHOPXQGRKLVSiQLFR=DPRUD(O&ROHJLRGH0LFKRDFiQ
Y
0D]tQÏVFDU8QDYHQWDQDDOPXQGRLQGLDQR(QVD\RELEOLRJUi¿FR,0p[LFR
(O&ROHJLRGH0p[LFR
0D]tQÏVFDU8QDYHQWDQDDOPXQGRLQGLDQR(QVD\RELEOLRJUi¿FR,,0p[LFR
(O&ROHJLRGH0p[LFR
0tQJXH]9tFWRU(OOHQJXDMHHPEOHPiWLFRGHODVJHPDV(Q/ySH]3R]D6DJUDULR
/LWHUDWXUDHPEOHPiWLFD,6LPSRVLRLQWHUQDFLRQDO/D&RUXxD8QLYHUVLGDGGH/D
&RUXxDS
3L &RUUDOHV 0DJGDOHQD GH 3D]]LV /D DUPDGD GH ORV$XVWULDV9DOHQFLD 5HDO
6RFLHGDG(FRQyPLFDGH$PLJRVGHO3DtV
5REOHV$QWRQLR'LDULRGH6XFHVRV1RWDEOHV0p[LFR3RUU~D
5RGUtJXH]GH*X]PiQ'LHJRca'RFHFRQFOXVLRQHVGHODGHVWUH]DGHODHVSDGD
'HGLFDGDVDOPDUTXpVGH&DVWHOOGRUVLXVYLUUH\GHHVWRVUHLQRVVSLSHURGH/LPD
ca
5RGUtJXH] GH /HyQ 3LQHOR $QWRQLR 7UDWDGR GH &RQ¿UPDFLRQHV 5HDOHV GH
HQFRPLHQGDVR¿FLRVLFDVRVTXHVHUHTXLHUHQSDUDODV,QGLDV2FFLGHQWDOHV
5XELR0Dxp-,JQDFLR*HQWHGH(VSDxDHQODFLXGDGGH0p[LFR$xRGH
267
El chanciller indiano: notas para su historia… - Víctor Gayol
,QWURGXFFLyQUHFRSLODFLyQ\DFRWDFLRQHVSRU«Boletín del Archivo General de la
NaciónVHULHY\
6DQFKL]5XL]-DYLHU7tWXORGHPDUTXpVGH9LOODSXHQWHGHOD3HxDDGRQ-RVpGH
OD3XHQWH\3HxD&DVWH[yQ\6DO]LQHV(VWXGLRVGH+LVWRULD1RYRKLVSDQDS
6DQFKL] -DYLHU \ -RVp ,JQDFLR &RQGH +LVWRULD JHQHDOyJLFD GH ORV WtWXORV \
GLJQLGDGHVQRELOLDULDVHQ1XHYD(VSDxD\0p[LFR,,+81$0SRUHOPRPHQWR
GRVYRO~PHQHVSXEOLFDGRV\HOWHUFHURHQSUHQVD
6DQWRVGHOD3D])UDQFLVFR,OXVWUDFLyQGHODGHVWUH]DLQGLDQDHStVWRODR¿FLRVD
TXHHVFULELy'RQ)UDQFLVFR6DQWRVGHOD3D]DOPDHVWURGHFDPSR'RQ)UDQFLVFR
/RUHQ]GH5DGD«VREUHYDULRVGLVFXUVRVSXEOLFDGRVSRUHOUHIHULGR0DUTXpVHQ
ODTXHLQWLWXOy'HIHQVDGHODYHUGDGHUDGHVWUH]DGHODVDUPDV6iFDODDODOX]HO
FDSLWiQ 'LHJR 5RGUtJXH] GH *X]PiQ JXDUGD PD\RU GH OD UHDO FDVD GH PRQHGD
GHVWDFLXGDGGH/LPD&RUWHGH3HU~&RQOLFHQFLDVVXSHULRUHV/LPD*HUyQLPR
GH&RQWUHUDV\$OYDUDGR
6DQ]7DSLDÈQJHO¢&RUUXSFLyQRQHFHVLGDG"/DYHQWDGHFDUJRVGHJRELHUQREDMR
&DUORV,,-)0DGULG&RQVHMR6XSHULRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWt¿FDV
6FKlIHU (UQHVWR (O &RQVHMR 5HDO \ 6XSUHPR GH ODV ,QGLDV 0DGULG -XQWD GH
&DVWLOOD\/HyQ0DUFLDO3RQV,
7KLPP &DUO$ $ &RPSOHWH %LEOLRJUDSK\ RI )HQFLQJ DQG 'XHOOLQJ 3HOLFDQ
3XEOLVKLQJ&R
7RPiV\9DOLHQWH)UDQFLVFR/DYHQWDGHR¿FLRVHQ,QGLDV0DGULG
,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGLRV$GPLQLVWUDWLYRV
7RPiV\9DOLHQWH)UDQFLVFR/DYHQWDGHR¿FLRVHQ,QGLDV0DGULG
,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGLRV$GPLQLVWUDWLYRV
9iOJRPD 'tD]9DUHOD 'DOPLUR GH OD 8Q OLEUR GH HVJULPD \ GRV QREOHV GH
3DPSORQD3UtQFLSHGH9LDQD;;9
9HOi]TXH] 0DUtD GHO &DUPHQ El fondo piadoso de Californias 0p[LFR
6HFUHWDUtDGH5HODFLRQHV([WHULRUHV
9HUJDUD$JXVWtQGH0DQL¿HVWRTXHVDFDDODOX]HOGHIHQVRUGHORVELHQHVGHO
PDUTXpVGHOD9LOODSXHQWHHQUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOD0DUTXHVDGHODV7RUUHVDPERV
GLIXQWRVSDUDHOGHVDJUDYLR\YLQGLFDFLyQGHODVLPSRVWXUDVLQMXULDV\DJUDYLRV
GH'-RVHSK/RUHQ]GH5DGDFRQTXHDRIIHQGLGRVXEXHQDPHPRULDHQHOSOH\WR
TXH VLJXH HQ OD 5HDO $XGLHQFLD VREUH $GGLFFLRQHV DSUHFLRV \ RWURV DUWtFXORV
TXH VH KL]LHURQ SRU PXHUWH GHO 0DUTXHV GH ODV 7RUUHV GH 5DGD ± 'DVH QRWLFLD
VXFLQWDPHQWHGHORVKHFKRVLOXVWUHVGHO0DUTXHVGH9LOODSXHQWH±7RFDVHWDPELHQ
ODGHGLFDFLyQGHOGHOD0DUTXHVDGHODV7RUUHVVXSLHGDG\VHUYLFLRDOFXOWRGH
'LRV(Q3XHEODGHORVÈQJHOHV(QOD,PSUHQWDGHOD9LXGDGH0LJXHOGH2UWHJD
=~xLJD-HDQ3DXO(VSDJQROVG¶RXWUHPHU(PLJUDWLRQPpWLVVDJHHWUHSURGXFWLRQ
VRFLDOHi6DQWLDJRGX&KLOLDXHPVLqFOH3DULV(+(66
268
Descargar