SUCESOS VITALES Y BIENESTAR

Anuncio
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX
SUCESOS VITALES Y BIENESTAR
LIFE EVENTS AND WELLBEING
'HO¿QR*LVHOD
%
'HVGHODSVLFRORJtDHOELHQHVWDUKDVLGRSULQFLSDOPHQWH
GH¿QLGRHQWpUPLQRVGH³VXEMHWLYR´'LHQHUR³SVL
FROyJLFR´5\II3iH]%LOEDR\-DYDOR\RE
VHUYDQTXHORVVXFHVRVYLWDOHVQHJDWLYRVWLHQHQXQDLQ
IOXHQFLD WHPSRUDO PD\RU TXH OD GH ORV SRVLWLYRV HQ OD
DIHFWLYLGDG3ODQWHDQWDPELpQFRPRORVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRV
UHIXHU]DQVREUHWRGRHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR\ODLQWHJUD
FLyQ VRFLDO &RQ HO REMHWLYR GH H[SORUDU OD UHODFLyQ TXH
H[LVWHHQWUHODSUHVHQFLDGHVXFHVRVYLWDOHVWDQWRSRVLWL
YRVFRPRQHJDWLYRV\ORVQLYHOHVGHVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQOD
YLGDELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR\VRFLDOVHGHVDUUROOyXQHVWX
GLRFRUUHODFLRQDOHQEDVHDXQDPXHVWUDLQWHQFLRQDOFRP
SXHVWDSRUVXMHWRVGHDPERVVH[RVFRQHGDGHVHQWUH
\DxRV/RVUHVXOWDGRVPXHVWUDQTXHH[LVWHUHODFLyQ
HQWUHODSUHVHQFLDGHVXFHVRVYLWDOHVODVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQ
ODYLGDHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR\HOELHQHVWDUVRFLDO$VL
PLVPR VH REVHUYD TXH HVWD UHODFLyQ VH PDQWLHQH DXQ
FRQWURODQGRSRUHGDG\VH[R
!
"
#
'
%
(
'
.H\ZRUGV
/LIHHYHQWV6DWLVIDFWLRQ:HOOEHLQJ
$
,QSV\FKRORJ\ZHOOEHLQJKDVEHHQEDVLFDOO\GH¿QHGDV
³VXEMHFWLYH´'LHQHURU³SV\FKRORJLFDO´5\II
3iH]%LOEDRDQG-DYDOR\REVHUYHGWKDWQHJDWLYH
OLIHHYHQWVKDYHDORQJHULQÀXHQFHWKDQSRVLWLYHRQHVRQ
DIIHFWLYLW\$OVRSRVLWLYHHYHQWVUHLQIRUFHPRVWO\SV\FKRORJLFDO
ZHOOEHLQJDQGVRFLDOLQWHJUDWLRQ:LWKWKHDLPRIH[SORULQJ
WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ OLIH HYHQWV ERWK SRVLWLYH DQG
QHJDWLYH ZLWK OLIH VDWLVIDFWLRQ SV\FKRORJLFDO DQG VRFLDO
ZHOOEHLQJDFRUUHODWLRQDOVWXG\EDVHGRQDFRQYHQLHQW
VDPSOHRIVXEMHFWVRIERWKVH[HVDJHGEHWZHHQ
DQG\HDUVZDVFDUULHGRXW5HVXOWVVKRZDUHODWLRQVKLS
EHWZHHQOLIHHYHQWVVDWLVIDFWLRQZLWKOLIHSV\FKRORJLFDO
DQGVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJ7KLVUHODWLRQVKLSLVDOVRKROGZKHQ
FRQWUROOLQJIRUDJHDQGVH[
&
$
6XFHVRVYLWDOHV6DWLVIDFFLyQ%LHQHVWDU
)
*
+
,
-
.
,
+
/
0
/
-
.
1
2
+
,
3
4
3
5
6
/
7
8
3
,
-
.
9
-
:
;
/
,
<
4
9
/
0
0
-
1
2
+
,
3
4
3
5
6
/
:
=
>
?
7
>
-
,
/
@
+
/
8
3
,
9
3
@
/
4
A
B
C
D
A
E
F
7
E
G
H
/
+
4
I
H
/
@
,
-
4
/
H
<
@
/
9
3
@
+
J
K
3
9
H
/
+
4
7
,
3
H
'RFWRUDHQ3VLFRORJtD3URIHVRUD$GMXQWD)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtD8%$%HFDULD3RVWGRFWRUDO&21,&(7(PDLOJLVHODGHO¿QR#JPDLOFRP
L
M
*
5
+
6
/
,
-
:
.
=
,
>
+
/
?
0
/
7
-
D
.
.
O
-
N
2
3
9
+
,
5
+
/
3
0
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
4
3
3
5
@
/
6
/
?
:
=
0
T
>
<
?
.
7
9
/
8
:
3
A
,
B
9
C
3
@
D
/
A
-
E
.
F
1
7
2
E
+
G
H
,
3
4
/
3
+
5
4
I
6
-
/
V
:
<
=
W
.
+
-
+
9
O
-
/
@
J
2
+
Q
0
/
2
+
0
7
<
0
W
-
/
4
7
/
1
/
6
2
P
/
2
,
3
:
E
2
Q
/
R
/
7
1
@
3
S
-
2
3
@
/
?
0
T
<
.
9
/
U
-
5
<
4
/
@
:
;
/
,
<
4
9
/
0
0
-
1
2
+
,
3
4
3
G
@
49
SUCESOS VITALES Y BIENESTAR
LIFE EVENTS AND WELLBEING
Muratori, Marcela; Delfino, Gisela; Zubieta, Elena M.
X
'
Y
Z
(
(
X
[
SHUWHQHQFLD\WLHQGHQOD]RVVRFLDOHVFRQODIDPLOLDDPL
JRVYHFLQRVHWF
/DSUHVHQFLDGHFRQ¿DQ]DDFHSWD
FLyQ\DFWLWXGHVSRVLWLYDVKDFLDRWURVFRPRDWULEXFLyQGH
KRQHVWLGDGERQGDGDPDELOLGDGFDSDFLGDG\ODDFHSWD
FLyQ GH ORV DVSHFWRV SRVLWLYRV \ QHJDWLYRV GH QXHVWUD
SURSLDYLGD
(VHOVHQWLPLHQWRGHXWLOLGDGGH
TXHVHHVXQPLHPEURYLWDOGHODVRFLHGDGTXHVHWLHQH
DOJR~WLOTXHRIUHFHUDOPXQGR(VVLQyQLPRGHXWLOLGDG
SURYHFKRH¿FDFLD\DSRUWDFLyQDOELHQFRP~Q
/DFRQFHSFLyQGHTXHODVRFLHGDG
\ODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVTXHODFRQIRUPDQVRQHQWHVGLQiPLFRV
VHPXHYHQHQXQDGHWHUPLQDGDGLUHFFLyQD¿QGHFRQVH
JXLUPHWDV\REMHWLYRVGHORVTXHSRGHPRVEHQH¿FLDUQRV
FRQ¿DQ]DHQHOSURJUHVR\HQHOFDPELRVRFLDO&RQ¿DQ
]DHQHOIXWXURGHODVRFLHGDGHQVXSRWHQFLDOGHFUHFL
PLHQWR \ GH GHVDUUROOR HQ VX FDSDFLGDG SDUD SURGXFLU
ELHQHVWDU
(V OD SHUFHSFLyQ GH OD FXDOLGDG
RUJDQL]DFLyQ\IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOPXQGRVRFLDOHLQFOX\H
ODSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUHQWHUDUVHGHORTXHRFXUUHHQHOPXQ
GR/DVHQVDFLyQGHTXHVHHVFDSD]GHHQWHQGHUORTXH
VXFHGHDQXHVWURDOUHGHGRU
(QODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQSVLFRORJtDGHVGHORVDxRVVHVHQWD
GHOVLJORSDVDGRVHYLHQHHVWXGLDQGRHQXQDWHQGHQFLD
FUHFLHQWHHOELHQHVWDU(VWHKDVLGREiVLFDPHQWHDERUGD
GRGHVGHGRVOtQHDVODWUDGLFLyQKHGyQLFD\ODWUDGLFLyQ
HXGDHPyQLFD/DSULPHUDHVWXGLDORTXHVHFRQRFHWDP
ELpQFRPRELHQHVWDUVXEMHWLYRTXHHVGH¿QLGRGHVGHHO
FRQFHSWRGHIHOLFLGDG(OELHQHVWDUVXEMHWLYRWUDWDHOFyPR
\HOSRUTXpODVSHUVRQDVH[SHULPHQWDQVXYLGDGHIRUPD
SRVLWLYDLQFOX\HQGRHQGLFKDH[SHULHQFLDMXLFLRVFRJQLWL
YRV\UHDFFLRQHVDIHFWLYDV'LHQHU%iVLFDPHQWH
VHWUDWDGHFXDQWROHJXVWDRVDWLVIHFKDHVWDODSHUVRQD
FRQODYLGDTXHOOHYD9HHQKRYHQ(VDVtFRPROD
VDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGDMXQWRDODIHOLFLGDGHVXQRGHVXV
SULQFLSDOHV LQGLFDGRUHV /D VHJXQGD WUDGLFLyQ XQD FR
UULHQWHPiVUHFLHQWHXWLOL]DHOFRQFHSWRGHELHQHVWDUSVL
FROyJLFR%3FHQWUDQGRHOLQWHUpVHQHOGHVDUUROORSHUVR
QDOHQHOHVWLOR\PDQHUDGHDIURQWDUORVUHWRVYLWDOHVHQ
HOHVIXHU]R\HODIiQSRUFRQVHJXLUPHWDV5\II
5\IID¿QGHRSHUDFLRQDOL]DUHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROy
JLFRSURSXVRVHLVGLPHQVLRQHVeVWDVVRQ
/DVSHUVRQDVLQWHQWDQVHQWLUVHELHQ
FRQVLJRPLVPDVLQFOXVRVLHQGRFRQVFLHQWHVGHVXVSUR
SLDVOLPLWDFLRQHV
/DJHQWHQH
FHVLWDPDQWHQHUUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHVHVWDEOHV\WHQHUDPL
JRVHQORVTXHSXHGDFRQ¿DU
3DUDSRGHUVRVWHQHUVXSURSLDLQGLYLGXDOL
GDGHQFRQWH[WRVVRFLDOHVGLYHUVRVODVSHUVRQDVGHEHQ
JR]DUGHDXWRGHWHUPLQDFLyQ\PDQWHQHUVXLQGHSHQGHQ
FLD\DXWRULGDGSHUVRQDO/DDXWRQRPtDVHDVRFLDDODUH
VLVWHQFLD D OD SUHVLyQ VRFLDO \ D OD DXWRUUHJXODFLyQ GHO
FRPSRUWDPLHQWR
/DKDELOLGDGSHUVRQDOSDUDHOHJLU
RFUHDUHQWRUQRVIDYRUDEOHVSDUDVDWLVIDFHUORVGHVHRV\
QHFHVLGDGHVSURSLDV6HUHODFLRQDFRQODVHQVDFLyQGH
FRQWUROVREUHHOPXQGR\GHLQÀXHQFLDVREUHHOFRQWH[WR
0HWDV\REMHWLYRVTXHSHUPLWHQ
GRWDUODYLGDGHFLHUWRVHQWLGR
,QWHUpVSRUGHVDUUROODUSRWHQFLD
OLGDGHVFUHFHUFRPRSHUVRQD\OOHYDUDOPi[LPRODVSUR
SLDVFDSDFLGDGHV
\
q
a
b
c
^
`
a
d
e
b
h
`
a
d
_
f
b
i
c
f
_
i
d
^
d
j
`
i
a
_
f
_
^
k
`
i
c
b
k
i
_
f
`
i
]
^
_
f
_
l
m
`
p
l
k
q
_
k
d
c
b
f
d
e
a
_
o
i
d
l
d
d
^
b
_
h
b
b
f
^
b
f
^
f
h
_
c
_
k
`
f
j
b
k
i
d
_
`
f
`
h
3RURWURODGRHQOtQHDFRQORVHxDODGRSRU%ODQFR\'tD]
GDGRTXHORVHOHPHQWRVVRFLDOHV\FXOWXUDOHVSUR
PXHYHQODVDOXGPHQWDOHVQHFHVDULRLQFOXLUGHQWURGHO
ELHQHVWDUDODYDORUDFLyQTXHODVSHUVRQDVKDFHQGHVXV
FLUFXQVWDQFLDV\GHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHQWURGHODVRFLH
GDGHVGHFLUDOELHQHVWDUVRFLDO%6.H\HV(VWH
FRQFHSWRVHUH¿HUHDODUHODFLyQGHODVSHUVRQDVFRQHO
HQWRUQR\GHFyPRpVWHOHVDVHJXUDVXELHQHVWDUGHFUL
WHULRVUHODFLRQDOHV\PLFURVRFLDOHVTXHODVRFLHGDGGHEH
RIUHFHUDODSHUVRQDSDUDTXHORJUHVDWLVIDFHUVXVQHFH
VLGDGHV3iH](OELHQHVWDUVRFLDOHVWiFRPSXHVWR
SRUFLQFRGLPHQVLRQHV
/DHYDOXDFLyQGHODFDOLGDGGHODV
UHODFLRQHV TXH PDQWHQHPRV FRQ OD VRFLHGDG \ FRQ OD
FRPXQLGDG /DV SHUVRQDV FRQ DOWR ELHQHVWDU VRFLDO VH
VLHQWHQSDUWHGHODVRFLHGDGFXOWLYDQHOVHQWLPLHQWRGH
50
f
^
b
s
k
`
a
d
e
f
i
_
a
d
`
h
_
a
d
`
h
^
^
]
k
`
d
t
h
d
]
u
a
`
d
a
e
d
f
e
i
f
_
i
a
_
d
a
d
`
h
`
h
_
v
b
k
b
f
a
d
`
i
_
a
d
`
h
w
r
i
_
o
f
1XPHURVRV HVWXGLRV $UQRVR 0XUDWRUL 'HO¿QR
0HOH)HUQiQGH]3iH]%LOEDR-DYDOR\
*DUFtDGHVWDFDQODLPSRUWDQFLDHLQÀXHQFLDTXH
WLHQHQORVVXFHVRVYLWDOHVVREUHODVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYL
GDHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR\HOELHQHVWDUVRFLDO7KRLWV
GH¿QHHVWRVVXFHVRVFRPRH[SHULHQFLDVREMHWLYDV
GHFDPELRTXHGHPDQGDQXQUHDMXVWHSRUSDUWHGHOVXMHWR
D¿QGHVXSHUDUODLQWHUIHUHQFLDTXHpVWRVSURGXFHQHQHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR FRWLGLDQR 6L ELHQ HO KHFKR HQ VL HV GH
VXPDLPSRUWDQFLD+ROPHV\5DKHSODQWHDQTXH
ODV SHUFHSFLRQHV \ UHVSXHVWDV TXH ORV VXMHWRV WHQJDQ
VREUHGLFKRHYHQWRHQYDULDVRFDVLRQHVSXHGHVHUPDV
VLJQL¿FDWLYDVTXHHOVXFHVRPLVPR(VSRUHVRTXHVHJ~Q
%DVDEH3iH]$LHUGL\-LPpQH]$ULVWL]DEDOHVWRV
KHFKRVTXHSXHGHQDSDUHFHUHQFXDOTXLHUPRPHQWRGH
ODYLGDSXHGHQUHIRU]DURTXHEUDQWDUODHPRFLRQDOLGDG
SRVLWLYD\HOELHQHVWDUGHODVSHUVRQDVLQÀXLUHQVXVFRQ
_
e
n
d
\
f
a
q
g
a
`
`
_
^
^
c
_
\
]
b
\
a
x
!
y
#
z
{
|
!
y
#
}
|
#
!
#
|
!
z
~
}
w
#
!
z
w
w
w
#
"
z
w
SHUFLELGD
3iH]%LOEDR\-DYDOR\VHxDODQTXHD~QODVSHUVR
QDVTXHH[KLEHQPD\RUHVQLYHOHVGHIHOLFLGDGRVDWLVIDF
FLyQFRQODYLGDWLHQHQSUHRFXSDFLRQHV\YLYHQHPRFLRQHV
QHJDWLYDV$XQTXHPiVGHOHVWiPX\VDWLVIHFKRFRQ
VXYLGDORVHVWXGLRVHSLGHPLROyJLFRVPXHVWUDQTXHVLPXO
WiQHDPHQWHHOGHODSREODFLyQQRUPDOSUHVHQWDDOJ~Q
VtQWRPDDQVLRVRGHSUHVLYRRVRPiWLFR$GHPiVORVKH
FKRVWUDXPiWLFRVVRQPiVIUHFXHQWHVDORODUJRGHODYLGD
GHORTXHVHSHQVDEDDVtXQGHODVSHUVRQDVKDQ
YLYLGRDOJ~QKHFKRQHJDWLYRH[WUHPR1RUULV6LQ
HPEDUJRGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHKDQYLYLGRXQKHFKRWUDX
PiWLFRHO~OWLPRDxRVRORXQGHVDUUROODQXQWUDV
WRUQRLPSRUWDQWH
(OHIHFWRTXHWLHQHQVREUHHOELHQHVWDUHVWRVHYHQWRVH[
WUHPRVQRHVHOPLVPRVLpVWRVVRQSRVLWLYRVRQHJDWLYRV
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX
/RVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVQRVyORUHIXHU]DQODSHUFHSFLyQGH
DSR\RVRFLDOUHGXFHQODDIHFWLYLGDGQHJDWLYD\ODSHUFHS
FLyQGHVROHGDGVLQRTXHWDPELpQDXPHQWDQODSHUFHS
FLyQGHLQWHJUDFLyQ\FRQWULEXFLyQVRFLDO%LOEDR
3iH]HWDO3RURWUDSDUWHORVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRV
LPSOLFDQDOWRVQLYHOHVGHHVWUpVRPDOHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR
DXPHQWDQGRODHPRFLRQDOLGDGQHJDWLYD\SURGXFLHQGRXQ
IXHUWH LPSDFWR HQ ORV QLYHOHV GH ELHQHVWDU SVLFRVRFLDO
%LOEDR*DUFtD
$VLPLVPRHVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRVVHxDODQFRPRUHJODTXH
ORVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVWLHQHQXQLPSDFWRPD\RU\PiVGX
UDGHURHQODVSHUVRQDVTXHORVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVDSHVDU
GH TXH pVWRV ~OWLPRV VRQ PiV IUHFXHQWHV %DXPHLVWHU
%UDWVODYVN\)LQNHQDXHU9KRV6HVXHOHVHxDODU
XQDUHODFLyQGHFLQFRKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVIUHQWHDXQRQHJD
WLYR SDUD PDQWHQHU OD VDWLVIDFFLyQ \ HO ELHQHVWDU %DX
PHLVWHU HW DO 'LHQHU 2LVKL $VLPLVPR
SDUHFHUtDTXHODLQWHQVLGDGHPRFLRQDOQRVHUtDWDQUHOH
YDQWHFRPRODFRQQRWDFLyQGHOKHFKRHVGHFLUVLHVYLYL
GRFRPRSRVLWLYRRQHJDWLYR3iH]HWDO
6HJ~Q%DXPHLVWHUHWDOORVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVVyOR
LQÀXHQFLDUtDQHQODDIHFWLYLGDGSRVLWLYDPLHQWUDVTXHORV
KHFKRVQHJDWLYRVGLVPLQXLUtDQWDQWRODDIHFWLYLGDGSRVLWLYD
FRPRUHIRU]DUtDQODDIHFWLYLGDGQHJDWLYD$ODYH]HOHIHF
WRGHORVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVVHUtDGHPHQRUGXUDFLyQTXHHO
GHORVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRV3iH]HWDO6XK'LHQHU
)XMLWD/RVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVLPSDFWDQPiVHQOD
DIHFWLYLGDG \ HO SHQVDPLHQWR GH ODV SHUVRQDV \D TXH
JHQHUDOPHQWHVRQFRQWUDULRVDVXVH[SHFWDWLYDVHLQWHQ
FLRQHVDGHPiVGHVHUPHQRVIUHFXHQWHV$QWHORVKH
FKRVQHJDWLYRVHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQORTXHVXFHGHIUHQWH
D ORV KHFKRV SRVLWLYRV ODV SHUVRQDV UHDFFLRQDQ PiV
IXHUWHPHQWHXWLOL]DQGRPiVUHFXUVRVFRJQLWLYRVHPRFLR
QDOHV\¿VLROyJLFRV7LHQGHQDSHQVDUPiVHQHOORVEXV
FDQPiVHOH[SOLFDUORV\DIURQWDUORV1RREVWDQWHDPH
GLDQR SOD]R ODV SHUVRQDV UHFXHUGDQ PiV ORV KHFKRV
SRVLWLYRVTXHORVQHJDWLYRVQRUHDFFLRQDQGRDQWHHOUH
FXHUGR GH ORV KHFKRV WUDXPiWLFRV R QHJDWLYRV SHUR Vt
DQWHORVKHFKRVPLVPRV3iH]HWDO
6HUHDOL]yXQHVWXGLRHPStULFRFRQHOREMHWLYRGHFRQRFHU
OD IUHFXHQFLD GH KHFKRV SRVLWLYRV \ QHJDWLYRV TXH XQD
PXHVWUDGHDGXOWRVGHGLVWLQWDVHGDGHVGHGLIHUHQWHVUH
JLRQHVGH$UJHQWLQDSUHVHQWD$VLPLVPRVHEXVFyH[SOR
UDU HQ OD UHODFLyQ HQWUH ORV VXFHVRV YLWDOHV SRVLWLYRV \
QHJDWLYRV FRQ ORV QLYHOHV GH VDWLVIDFFLyQ FRQ OD YLGD
ELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR\ELHQHVWDUVRFLDO\FRQRFHUVLOD
UHODFLyQVHPDQWLHQHDOFRQWURODUODHGDG\HOVH[RGHORV
SDUWLFLSDQWHV
SDtVHQ6DOWDHQ&yUGREDHQ0HQ
GR]DHQ(QWUH5tRVHQ5tR1HJURHQ
1HXTXpQ\HOUHVWRHQGLIHUHQWHVFLXGDGHVGHOSDtV5HV
SHFWR GHO HVWDGR FLYLO HO HUD VROWHUR HO FRQYLYtDRHVWDEDFDVDGR\HOHVWDEDVHSDUDGRR
GLYRUFLDGR/DPD\RUtDQRWHQtDKLMRV(OVH
SRVLFLRQyFRPRGHFODVHEDMDHOFRPRGHFODVH
PHGLD\HOFRPRGHFODVHDOWD(OVRORHVWX
GLDEDHOVRORWUDEDMDEDHOGHFODUyHVWXGLDU
\WUDEDMDU\XQQRHVWXGLDEDQLWUDEDMDED
(OFXHVWLRQDULRXWLOL]DGRIXHGHIRUPDWRDX
WRDGPLQLVWUDGR \ HVWXYR LQWHJUDGR SRU XQD VHFFLyQ GH
GDWRVSHUVRQDOHV\SRUODVVLJXLHQWHVHVFDODV
6XFHVRVYLWDOHVHVWUHVDQWHVGH+ROPHV\5DKH)HU
QiQGH]3iH]8ELOORV=XELHWDHYDO~DODYLYHQFLD
GXUDQWH HO ~OWLPR DxR GH KHFKRV GH FDPELR YLWDO TXH
SXHGHQDIHFWDUHOELHQHVWDU,QFOX\HODHYDOXDFLyQGHQXH
YHKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRV\QXHYHKHFKRVYLWDOHVQHJD
WLYRVWDOHVFRPR
r
o
b
f
^
_
c
h
]
`
f
]
b
]
f
`
…
a
d
j
i
e
o
f
_
l
`
h
b
`
d
b
m
t
`
h
k
l
k
f
_
b
s
]
l
_
k
d
`
k
i
^
f
]
b
b
_
‡
l
l
l
s
`
_
f
_
i
d
_
ˆ
k
o
d
`
b
l
`
Ž
k
o
‰
b
]
^
_
`
i
‚
`
c
_
b
†
e
l
d
o
`
u
b
j

f
f
t
i
`
k
b
e
`
h
„
b
^
_
`
l
d
c
h
_
h
]
k
c
l
f
s
`
f
b
d
Ž
`
k
`
f
`
_
o
_
`
Ž
h
b
d
†
b
d
f
k
_
‰
l
b
c
_
a
Š
`
k
b
g
^
d
l
‹
d
`
b
o
j
c
Œ
]
b
`
l
†

l
k
_
]
d
k
o
u
e
a
c
`
b
f
e
_
j
_
`
]
f
_
`
a
a
e
a
d
b
f
^
b
s
k
`
j
b

Š
f
`
t
i
_
h
]
^
_
i
d
‰
a
_
l
c
h
b
^
`
l
b
f
^
_
‰
b
f
b

d
j
d
o
`
‰
b
f
a
`
i
d
^
_
o
_
‰
k
b
i
c
_
f
o
b
`
l
d
i
‘
i
Y
l
(OUHSRUWHVHHIHFW~DGHIRUPDGLFRWyPLFD
QR VL'RVRPiVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVUHIXHU]DQHO
ELHQHVWDUPLHQWUDVTXHWUHVRPiVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVLP
SOLFDQDOWRHVWUpV
(VFDODGHVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGD'LHQHU(PPRQV
/DUVHQ*ULI¿QFRPSXHVWDSRUFLQFRtWHPVĮGH
&URQEDFK HYDO~DHOJUDGRGHVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQOD
YLGDHQJHQHUDO(OVXMHWRHQXQFRQWLQXRGH
D
GHEHLQGLFDUKDVWDTXp
SXQWRVHHQFXHQWUDGHDFXHUGRRHQGHVDFXHUGRFRQODV
VLJXLHQWHVIUDVHV
DVSLUDFLRQHV/DVFRQGLFLRQHVGHPLYLGDVRQH[FHOHQWHV
Z
i
b
o
Y
b
k
'
]
q

k
^
i
f
i
^
b
c
_

s
]
i
]
o
d
d
`
o
b
^
_
k
d
h
`
i
Ž
`
b
a
i
j
_
v
a
h
j
_
_
a
i
b
k
`
_
f
i
`
d
j
d
l
l
j
d
c
d
j
_
k
k
l
d
^
d
o
`
`
†
f
j
d
^
o
’
b
`
i
`
i

‰
f
^
]
`
b
b
_
h

a
`
l
]
d
l
t
_
b
k
d
l
b
_
`
b
k
m
f
^
f
`
h
a
_
‰
`
`
v
j
i
d
d
b
o
f
a
`
`
_
†
o
f
“
`

‚
d
Š
%LHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFRGH5\II'tD]HWDOH[SRQH
FULWHULRVSULYDGRVGHHYDOXDFLyQGHXQEXHQIXQFLRQDPLHQ
WRSVLFROyJLFR(OLQVWUXPHQWRFXHQWDFRQtWHPVDORV
FXDOHV ORV SDUWLFLSDQWHV GHEHQ UHVSRQGHU XWLOL]DQGR XQ
IRUPDWRGHUHVSXHVWDFRQRSFLRQHVFRPSUHQGLGDVHQWUH
\
0LGHVHLVGLPHQVLRQHVRDWULEXWRVSRVLWLYRVGHOELHQHVWDU
SVLFROyJLFRDXWRDFHSWDFLyQtWHPVĮ UHODFLRQHV
SRVLWLYDVtWHPVĮ DXWRQRPtDtWHPVĮ GRPLQLRGHOHQWRUQRtWHPVĮ FUHFLPLHQWRSHUVRQDO
tWHPVĮ \SURSyVLWRHQODYLGDtWHPVĮ %LHQHVWDUVRFLDOGH.H\HV%ODQFR'tD]H[SR
QHFULWHULRVS~EOLFRVHLQWHUSHUVRQDOHVGHHYDOXDFLyQGH
XQEXHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRSVLFROyJLFR(VWiFRPSXHVWDSRU
tWHPVHQIRUPDGHD¿UPDFLRQHVFRPR
”
^
_
^
`
h
l
b
f
^
b
b
f
o
b
i
`
a
]
b
k
o
_
^
_
^
`
h
l
b
f
^
b
o
b
`
a
]
b
k
o
_
6HWUDWDGHXQHVWXGLRGHVFULSWLYR\FRUUHODFLRQDO
GH GLVHxR QR H[SHULPHQWDO WUDQVYHUVDO FRQ VXMHWRV GH
DPERVVH[RVFRQHGDGHVHQWUH\DxRVFRPRXQLGD
GHVGHDQiOLVLV
1R SUREDELOtVWLFD LQWHQFLRQDO &RPSXHVWD SRU
SHUVRQDV(OHUDQKRPEUHV\HOPXMHUHV
/D PHGLD GH HGDG IXH GH UDQJR (O YLYtD HQ &DSLWDO )HGHUDO HO
HQ*UDQ%XHQRV$LUHV\HOHQHO,QWHULRUGHO
n
d
i
b
€
_

]
b
i
^
k
`

‚
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
n
ƒ
o
f
‚
]
f
`
c
`
k
^
b
d
l
c
_
k
^
`
f
^
b
o
b
l
d
a
_
l
]
f
d
o
`
o
†
d
q
k
b
f
b
^
_
_


]
]
b
b
i
f
_
_

i
b
GHEHFRQ¿DUHQODJHQWH&UHRTXHSXHGRDSRUWDUDOJRDO
PXQGR3DUDPtHOSURJUHVRVRFLDOHVDOJRTXHQRH[LVWH
FRQXQ
FRQWLQXRGHUHVSXHVWDGH
(YDO~DODSHUFHSFLyQTXHODV
Œ
_
b
f
^
d
b
f
o
_
h
_

]
b
b
i
^
•
c
`
i
`
f
o
_
b
f
b
h
l
]
f
o
_
‰
^
^
_
^
`
h
l
b
f
^
b
o
b
`
a
]
b
k
o
_
^
`
h
l
b
f
^
b
b
f
o
b
i
`
a
]
b
k
o
_
–
_
51
SUCESOS VITALES Y BIENESTAR
LIFE EVENTS AND WELLBEING
Muratori, Marcela; Delfino, Gisela; Zubieta, Elena M.
SHUVRQDVWLHQHQVREUHFLQFRDVSHFWRVGHOHQWRUQRVRFLDO
TXHIDFLOLWDQVXELHQHVWDULQWHJUDFLyQVRFLDOtWHPVĮ DFHSWDFLyQ VRFLDO tWHPVĮ FRQWULEXFLyQ
VRFLDOtWHPVĮ DFWXDOL]DFLyQVRFLDOtWHPVĮ \FRKHUHQFLDVRFLDOtWHPVĮ /D DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ GHO FXHVWLRQDULR VH
UHDOL]yGHIRUPDLQGLYLGXDO\ORVVXMHWRVIXHURQLQYLWDGRVD
SDUWLFLSDUYROXQWDULDPHQWH\GHIRUPDDQyQLPD
p
k
_
a
b
o
d
—
l
d
'
%
b
f
Z
^
_
Y
&RPRSXHGHREVHUYDUVHHQOD7DEODHOPD\RUUHSRUWH
GHKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVVHDVRFLDDSXQWXDFLRQHVPiV
HOHYDGDVHQFLQFRGHODVVHLVGLPHQVLRQHVGHELHQHVWDU
SVLFROyJLFRDXWRDFHSWDFLyQUHODFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVGRPL
QLR GHO HQWRUQR FUHFLPLHQWR SHUVRQDO \ SURSyVLWR HQ OD
YLGD3RUVXSDUWHORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVQHJDWLYRVWDPELpQ
VHUHODFLRQDQFRQSXQWXDFLRQHVPiVEDMDVHQODVPLVPDV
FLQFRGLPHQVLRQHVGHELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR(VWRLQGLFD
TXHDPD\RUSUHVHQFLDGHKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVORV
VXMHWRVVHVLHQWHQPHMRUFRQHOORVPLVPRVSHUFLEHQUHOD
FLRQHVPiVHVWDEOHV\SRVLWLYDVFRQORVRWURV\VHVLHQWHQ
FDSDFHVGHHOHJLURFUHDUHQWRUQRVDGHFXDGRVD¿QGH
VDWLVIDFHUVXVGHVHRV\QHFHVLGDGHV$VLPLVPRWLHQHQ
XQPD\RULQWHUpVHQGHVDUUROODUVXVFDSDFLGDGHV\YLVXD
OL]DQPHWDV\REMHWLYRVTXHOHRWRUJDQVHQWLGRDVXYLGD
3RUHOFRQWUDULRODSUHVHQFLDGHKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVGLVPL
QX\HHVWDVHQVDFLyQGHFRQWURO\ELHQHVWDU
’
b
a
v
_
i
j
d
^
`
h
b
i
(QORTXHKDFHDODSUHVHQFLDGHKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRV
VHREWXYRXQDPHGLDGH
0LHQWUDVTXHXQ
GHORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVD¿UPDTXHWDQVyORYLYLyXQRR
QLQJ~QKHFKRYLWDOSRVLWLYRGXUDQWHHO~OWLPRDxRHO
D¿UPDKDEHUYLYHQFLDGRGRVRPiVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVOR
FXDOGHQRWDXQDOWRUHIXHU]RGHOELHQHVWDUHQWUHORVVXMH
WRV'HpVWRV~OWLPRVHOD¿UPDKDEHUYLYLGRPR
PHQWRVLPSRUWDQWHVGXUDGHURVJUDWL¿FDQWHVHLQWHQVRV
FRQIDPLOLDUHV\RDPLJRVFROHJDVXQORJUyD\XGDU
RDSR\DUDXQDSHUVRQDFRQRFLGDDVXSHUDURDOPHQRVD
HQIUHQWDUXQSUREOHPDJUDYHGHVDOXGHGXFDFLRQDOSUR
IHVLRQDORYLWDO\XQORJUyVXSHUDURDOPHQRVHQ
IUHQWDUXQSUREOHPDJUDYHGHVDOXGHGXFDFLRQDOSURIH
VLRQDORYLWDO
5HVSHFWRGHODSUHVHQFLDGHKHFKRVYLWDOHVQHJDWLYRVVH
REWXYR XQD SXQWXDFLyQ PHGLD GH 8Q
GHORVVXMHWRVPDQL¿HVWDKDEHUYLYLGRVyORXQRGRV
RQLQJ~QVXFHVRQHJDWLYRGXUDQWHHO~OWLPRDxR3RUHO
FRQWUDULRXQWXYRTXHHQIUHQWDUWUHVRPiVKHFKRV
GHHVWDtQGROHORFXDOGHQRWDXQDOWRQLYHOGHHVWUpVSRU
SDUWH GH HVWRV VXMHWRV $ PRGR GH HMHPSOR XQ D¿UPDKDEHUWHQLGRPXFKDVGLVFXVLRQHVRSUREOHPDVFRQ
VXVSDGUHVRFRQDOJ~QRWURPLHPEURGHVXIDPLOLDSDUH
MDRDPLJRVXQSUHVHQFLyODHQIHUPHGDGRDFFL
GHQWHJUDYHGHDOJ~QPLHPEURGHVXIDPLOLDRXQDSHUVR
QDFHUFDQD\XQVHWUDVODGyGHGRPLFLOLRFDPELy
GHFLXGDGREDUULRGHUHVLGHQFLD
‚
n
ƒ
7DEOD
˜
q
s
_
d
k
a
k
b
h
_
`

a
h
d
_
e
i
f
’
b
f
b
a
^
v
k
b
_
h
i
`
™
i
o
d
^
`
d
h
b
‚
n
ƒ
‚
`
^
d
i
Ž
`
a
a
d
e
f
a
_
f
h
`
j
d
o
`
/RV SDUWLFLSDQWHV H[KLEHQ QLYHOHV DOWRV GH VDWLVIDFFLyQ
FRQODYLGDODPHGLDREWHQLGDHVGH
UDQJR 6HREVHUYDDGHPiVTXHHOODVHUHODFLRQDGH
IRUPDGLUHFWDFRQORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRV+93U S \GHPDQHUDLQYHUVDFRQORVKHFKRVYLWDOHV
QHJDWLYRV+91U S (VGHFLUDPHGLGD
TXHHOVXMHWRYLYHQFLDPD\RUFDQWLGDGGHVXFHVRVSRVLWL
YRVDXPHQWDODVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGD\SRUHOFRQWUDULR
FXDQWRPiVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVGHEHHQIUHQWDUGLVPLQX\H
GLFKDVDWLVIDFFLyQ
‚
n
˜
d
b
f
b
i
^
`
k
c
i
d
a
_
h
e
s
d
a
_
/DVSXQWXDFLRQHVREWHQLGDVLQGLFDQHQJHQHUDOEXHQRV
QLYHOHVGHELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFRHQORVSDUWLFLSDQWHV/D
YLYHQFLDTXHVHPDQL¿HVWDUHVSHFWRGHFUHFLPLHQWRSHU
VRQDO HOSURSyVLWRHQODYLGD
ODVUHODFLRQHVSRVLWLYDV
HOGRPLQLRGHO
HQWRUQR ODDXWRDFHSWDFLyQ \ODDXWRQRPtD HVFDVLySWLPD
‚
n
‚
‚
‚
n
52
f
i
d
_
f
b
i
o
b
d
b
f
$XWRDFHSWDFLyQ
š
5HODFLRQHVSRVLWLYDV
$XWRQRPtD
›
œ
›
'RPLQLRGHOHQWRUQR
š
&UHFLPLHQWRSHUVRQDO
š
3URSyVLWRHQODYLGD
š
i
^
`
k
p
i
d
a
_
h
e

+HFKRV9LWDOHV
1HJDWLYRV
›
š
b
i

›
ž
›
š
›
ž
›
œ
œ

œ
›
›
›
œ
œ
›
›
˜
d
b
f
b
i
^
`
k
‚
_
a
d
`
h
$ODQDOL]DUODVFLQFRGLPHQVLRQHVGHOELHQHVWDUVRFLDOVH
YHUL¿FDXQDOWRELHQHVWDUHQODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHFRQWULEX
FLyQ VRFLDO LQWHJUDFLyQ VRFLDO FRKHUHQFLDVRFLDO
\DFWXDOL]DFLyQ
PLHQWUDVTXHODDFHSWDFLyQVRFLDO
VRFLDO
H[KLEHXQDSXQWXDFLyQUHODWLYDPHQWHEDMD
&RPRSXHGHREVHUYDUVHHQOD7DEODHOPD\RUUHSRUWH
GHKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVVHUHODFLRQDFRQSXQWXDFLRQHV
PiVHOHYDGDVHQWUHVGHODVFLQFRGLPHQVLRQHVGHELHQ
HVWDUVRFLDOFRQWULEXFLyQFRKHUHQFLDHLQWHJUDFLyQ(VWR
LQGLFDTXHFRQIRUPHHOVXMHWRYLYHQFLDKHFKRVGHVLJQR
SRVLWLYRDXPHQWDHOVHQWLPLHQWRGHXWLOLGDGODSHUFHSFLyQ
GH TXH HO PXQGR VRFLDO HVWi UHJLGR SRU FLHUWD OyJLFD \
RUJDQL]DFLyQ\DVXYH]TXHVHVLHQWHPiVLQWHJUDGRD
VXFRPXQLGDG\VDWLVIHFKRUHVSHFWRGHVXVQHFHVLGDGHV
GHDSHJR\D¿OLDFLyQ
3RURWURODGRORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVQHJDWLYRVVHDVRFLDQD
SXQWXDFLRQHVPiVEDMDVVyORHQGRVGHODVFLQFRGLPHQ
VLRQHVGHELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFRDFHSWDFLyQ\FRKHUHQFLD
(VWRLPSOLFDTXHDPHGLGDTXHHOVXMHWRH[SHULPHQWDPiV
VXFHVRVQHJDWLYRVQRVyORGLVPLQX\HODFRQ¿DQ]DLQWHU
SHUVRQDO\ODVDFWLWXGHVSRVLWLYDVKDFLDORVRWURVVLQRTXH
WDPELpQSHUFLEHDOHQWRUQRPiVFDyWLFRHLQFRPSUHQVLEOH
‚
‚
n
n
‚
‚
‚
n
n
n
n
n
‚
‚
b
+HFKRV9LWDOHV
3RVLWLYRV
%LHQHVWDU3VLFROyJLFR
l
n
n
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX
7DEOD
(QORTXHUHVSHFWDDOELHQHVWDUVRFLDOODFRKHUHQFLDVRFLDO
HVOD~QLFDGLPHQVLyQTXHSUHVHQWDYDULDFLRQHVHQIXQ
FLyQGHODHGDG$OLJXDOTXHVXFHGHFRQHOFUHFLPLHQWR
SHUVRQDO%3ODFRKHUHQFLDVRFLDOGLVPLQX\HOXHJRGHORV
DxRV
˜
q
h
_
_
k
k
i
b
h
’
`
b
a
a
d
v
e
f
_
b
i
f
™
^
d
^
k
`
b
h
h
b
`
i
o
d
l
b
f
i
d
_
f
b
i
o
b
d
b
f
b
i
^
`
k
‚
_
a
d
`
h

i
+HFKRV9LWDOHV
3RVLWLYRV
%LHQHVWDU6RFLDO
,QWHJUDFLyQVRFLDO
š
$FHSWDFLyQVRFLDO
›
š
›
&RQWULEXFLyQVRFLDO
š
$FWXDOL]DFLyQVRFLDO
š
š
›


ž
6H[R
$ODQDOL]DUODLQFLGHQFLDGHOVH[RVHYHUL¿FDTXHODVPX
MHUHVUHSRUWDQKDEHUYLYLGRPiVKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRV
TXHORVKRPEUHVYHU7DEODHVSHFLDOPHQWHPDQL¿HVWDQ
KDEHU WHQLGR PiV PRPHQWRV LPSRUWDQWHV GXUDGHURV
JUDWL¿FDQWHVHLQWHQVRVTXHFRPSDUWLHURQFRQIDPLOLDUHV
\RDPLJRVRFROHJDV HQ
HVFDODKRPEUHV PXMHUHV 1RVHGHWHFWDQ
GLIHUHQFLDV HQ UHODFLyQ D OD FDQWLGDG GH KHFKRV YLWDOHV
QHJDWLYRVTXHSUHVHQWDQKRPEUHV\PXMHUHVHQJHQHUDO
SHURVHKDOODTXHORVKRPEUHVD¿UPDQKDEHUWHQLGRPiV
SUREOHPDV HQ HO WUDEDMR \R FRQ HO MHIH +RPEUHV PXMHUHV PLHQWUDV
TXHODVPXMHUHVUHSRUWDQHQPD\RUPHGLGDKDEHUURWRXQD
UHODFLyQDPRURVD +RP
EUHV PXMHUHV \TXHHOODVRVXIDPLOLDKDQWH
QLGRGL¿FXOWDGHVHFRQyPLFDVLPSRUWDQWHV +RPEUHV PXMHUHV (QHVWD
PLVPDOtQHD*DUFtDHQFXHQWUDTXHVRQODVPXMHUHV
TXLHQHV UH¿HUHQ PD\RU IUHFXHQFLD GH VXFHVRV YLWDOHV
WDQWRSRVLWLYRV\QHJDWLYRV\TXHWDPELpQVRQHOODVTXLH
QHVVHxDODQPiVVXFHVRVGHWLSRD¿OLDWLYRRDVRFLDGRVD
ODV UHODFLRQHV FRQ ORV RWURV HQ FRPSDUDFLyQ FRQ ORV
KRPEUHV
7DEOD
VLRQHVGHOELHQHVWDUHQIXQFLyQGHOVH[R
ž
š
›
›
&RKHUHQFLDVRFLDO

š
+HFKRV9LWDOHV
1HJDWLYRV
›
š
›
ž
›
š
ž
š

›
›

ž
,QFLGHQFLDGHODHGDG\HOVH[R
¬
‘
o
`
o
(QEDVHDODGLVWULEXFLyQPXHVWUDOVHFRQVLGHUDURQWUHV
JUXSRVGHHGDGORVMyYHQHVGHDDxRVORV
DGXOWRVMyYHQHVGHDDxRV\ORVDGXOWRVGH
DDxRV(QOD7DEODVHH[KLEHQODVGLIH
UHQFLDVREWHQLGDVHQIXQFLyQGHORVWUHVJUXSRVHWDULRV
c
¬
c
7DEOD
¬
n
d
Ž
b
k
b
f
a
d
`
i
o
b
l
b
o
d
`
b
f
h
_
i
v
b
a
v
_
i
j
d
^
`
h
b
i

h
`
i
o
d
l
b
f

c
i
d
_
f
b
i
o
b
h
t
d
b
f
b
i
^
`
k
b
f
Ž
]
f
a
d
e
f
o
b
h
`
b
o
`
o
¬
-yYHQHV
+HFKRVSRVLWLYRV ¦
£
-yYHQHV
DGXOWRV
$GXOWRV
¤
+HFKRV
QHJDWLYRV
%3$XWRQRPtD
%3'RPLQLR
HQWRUQR
%3&UHFLPLHQWR
SHUVRQDO
%6&RKHUHQFLD
VRFLDO
£
£
£
£
¤
£
£
¥
¤
¤
¤
¤
c
Ÿ
¡
¢
n
£
¤
¨
©
Ž
b
k
b
f
a
d
`
i
o
b
o
d
`
b
f
h
_
i
v
b
a
v
_
i
j
d
^
`
h
b
i

h
`
i
o
d
l
b
%35HODFLRQHV
SRVLWLYDV
%3$XWRQRPtD
%3&UHFLPLHQWR
SHUVRQDO
%6&RQWULEXFLyQ
VRFLDO
+HFKRVSRVLWLYRV
%3$XWR
«
l
0XMHUHV
ª
$O FRQVLGHUDU ORV KHFKRV YLWDOHV WDQWR SRVLWLYRV FRPR
QHJDWLYRVVHREVHUYDTXHORVPLVPRVGLVPLQX\HQFRQIRU
PHDXPHQWDODHGDG3DUDORVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVHVWDGLV
PLQXFLyQHVHVFDORQDGDGHWHFWiQGRVHGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQL
¿FDWLYDVDOFRQVLGHUDUORVPHQRUHV\PD\RUHVWDQWRGH
FRPRGHDxRV6LQHPEDUJRSDUDHOFDVRGHORVKH
FKRV QHJDWLYRV OD GLIHUHQFLD HVWi HQWUH ORV PHQRUHV \
PD\RUHVGHDxRVHQWUHDGXOWRVMyYHQHV\DGXOWRV
(QUHODFLyQDODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR
FRQIRUPHFUHFHODHGDGVHLQFUHPHQWDQWDPELpQORVQL
YHOHVGHDXWRQRPtD\GRPLQLRGHOHQWRUQR/DDXWRQRPtD
HV PD\RU OXHJR GH ORV DxRV OR TXH FRLQFLGH FRQ OD
PD\RUtDGHHGDGOHJDOPLHQWUDVTXHHOGRPLQLRGHOHQWRU
QR VH LQFUHPHQWD OXHJR GH ORV DxRV JHQHUDOPHQWH
DVRFLDGRVDODLQGHSHQGHQFLDHFRQyPLFD\PD\RUGH¿QL
FLyQ\HVWDELOLGDGODERUDO3RUVXSDUWH\HQFLHUWDPDQH
UDHVSHUDEOHHOFUHFLPLHQWRSHUVRQDOPXHVWUDXQDWHQ
GHQFLDDGLVPLQXLUFRQODOOHJDGDGHODDGXOWH]
b
+RPEUHV
6yORVHSUHVHQWDQODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHELHQHVWDUSDUDODVTXHVH
HQFRQWUDURQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQL¿FDWLYDV(QFDGD¿ODORVSURPHGLRVFRQ
GLVWLQWRVXSHUtQGLFHVRQVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHGLIHUHQWHVVHJ~QODSUXHED
SRVWKRF6FKHIIHFRQ H[FHSWRSDUDHOFDVRGH'RPLQLRGHO
(QWRUQR%3GRQGHODSUXHEDSRVWKRFHV7GH'XQQHWW
§
d
­
®
¯
°
±
­
®
²
³
´
Ÿ
¡
f

›
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
¦
6yORVHSUHVHQWDQODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHELHQHVWDUSDUDODVTXHVH
HQFRQWUDURQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQL¿FDWLYDV
§
¨
©
ª
(QUHODFLyQDOELHQHVWDUODVPXMHUHVSUHVHQWDQPD\RUHV
SXQWXDFLRQHVHQODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHUHODFLRQHVSRVLWLYDV
\FUHFLPLHQWRSHUVRQDOGHELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR\HQOD
GLPHQVLyQGHFRQWULEXFLyQVRFLDOGHELHQHVWDUVRFLDO3RU
VXSDUWHORVKRPEUHVUHSRUWDQPD\RUHVtQGLFHVGHELHQ
HVWDUSVLFROyJLFRHQGRVGLPHQVLRQHVDXWRDFHSWDFLyQ\
DXWRQRPtD
'DGRTXHWDQWRORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRV\QHJDWLYRV
FRPRODHGDG\HOVH[RH[KLEHQUHODFLyQFRQDOJXQDVGH
53
SUCESOS VITALES Y BIENESTAR
LIFE EVENTS AND WELLBEING
Muratori, Marcela; Delfino, Gisela; Zubieta, Elena M.
ODVGLIHUHQWHVGLPHQVLRQHVGHOELHQHVWDUVHSURFHGLyD
HIHFWXDUGRFHUHJUHVLRQHVOLQHDOHVSRUSDVRVVXFHVLYRV
LQWURGXFLHQGRFDGDXQDGHODVGLPHQVLyQGHOELHQHVWDU
FRPRYDULDEOHGHSHQGLHQWH\ORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRV
\QHJDWLYRVODHGDG\HOVH[RFRPRYDULDEOHVLQGHSHQ
GLHQWHV/D7DEODVLQWHWL]DORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRV
YDULDQFLDGHODFRKHUHQFLDVRFLDO%6HOGHODDFHS
WDFLyQVRFLDO%6HOGHODVUHODFLRQHVSRVLWLYDV%3
\HOGHODLQWHJUDFLyQVRFLDO%6(QpVWDVFXDWUR
GLPHQVLRQHVGHOELHQHVWDUPHQFLRQDGDVODHGDG\HOVH[R
QRWLHQHQLQÀXHQFLD$XQTXHDQLYHOGHVFULSWLYRVHKDEtDQ
KDOODGRGLIHUHQFLDVDIDYRUGHODVPXMHUHVHQODGLPHQVLyQ
UHODFLRQHV SRVLWLYDV GHO ELHQHVWDU SVLFROyJLFR \ GH OD
PHQRUHGDGHQODGLPHQVLyQFRKHUHQFLDVRFLDOGHOELHQ
HVWDUVRFLDO
3DUDWUHVGLPHQVLRQHVGHOELHQHVWDUDGHPiVGHORVKH
FKRVYLYLGRVGXUDQWHHO~OWLPRDxRHOVH[RHVUHOHYDQWH
SUHVHQWDQGRYDORUHVQHWRVGHEHWDGHVGH%6DFWXD
OL]DFLyQVRFLDOKDVWD%3DXWRDFHSWDFLyQ/DVXPD
GHORVKHFKRVYLYLGRV\HOVH[RH[SOLFDHOGHODYD
ULDQFLDGHODDFWXDOL]DFLyQVRFLDO%6HOGHODDXWR
DFHSWDFLyQ%3\HOGHODFRQWULEXFLyQVRFLDO%6
1RREVWDQWHHODSRUWHGHOVH[RQRVHGDVLHPSUHHQHO
PLVPRVHQWLGRHOKHFKRGHVHUPXMHUDSRUWDDODFRQWUL
EXFLyQVRFLDO%6PLHQWUDVTXHHOVHUKRPEUHFRQWULEX\H
DODDFWXDOL]DFLyQVRFLDO%6\ODDFHSWDFLyQ%3
6LHQOXJDUGHOVH[RDORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVVHOHDJUHJDOD
HGDGHOSRUFHQWDMHGHYDULDQFLDH[SOLFDGDDXPHQWD(VWR
VXFHGHSDUDHOFDVRGHODVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGDYDULDQ
FLDH[SOLFDGD\GRVGLPHQVLRQHVGHOELHQHVWDUSVL
FROyJLFRGRPLQLRGHOHQWRUQR\SURSyVLWRHQODYLGD
FRQEHWDVGHHQWUHVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGD
\GRPLQLRGHOHQWRUQR
)LQDOPHQWHHQHOFDVRGHODDXWRQRPtD%3WDQWRODHGDG
FRPRHOVH[R\ORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVDXQTXHDQLYHO
GHVFULSWLYRQRVHKDEtDKDOODGRDVRFLDFLyQHQWUHDXWRQR
PtD\KHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVFRQWULEX\HQH[SOLFDQGRXQ
GH OD YDULDQFLD \ HQ OR TXH KDFH DO FUHFLPLHQWR
SHUVRQDO%3ORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVFRPELQDGRV
FRQHOVH[RVHUPXMHUH[SOLFDQHOGHODYDULDQFLD
7DEOD
g
b
o
d
c
s
k
l
b
b
_
i
i
f
d
^
i
d
d
_
d
j
_
f
b
_
f
i
b
i
‡
’
c
_
i
o
™
k
b
p
‹
c
h
‰
`
t
v
d
b
i
b
_
f
a
i
i
b
v
i
_
^
i
]
`
a
b
k
j
d
d
^
`
i
f
d
^
h
j
k
b
_
i
_
i
c
o
f
]
b
a
s
`
d
k
b
`
`
f
^
a
o
d
j
`
_
_
o
`
v
i
b
‡
’
]
a
f
v
™
`
_
Œ
o
i
‹
b
j
‰
b
d
o
h
^
`
h
`
`
i
b
i
o

VH[R
œ
FRUUHJLGD
Ÿ
¡
¢
ȕHVWDQGDUL]DGR
›
µ
+93 +91 (GDG +93 +91 +RPEUH 5HODFLRQHV
SRVLWLYDV
+93 +91 %3$XWRQRPtD
(GDG +RPEUH +93 %3'RPLQLR
GHOHQWRUQR
+91 (GDG +93 +93 +RPEUH 6DWLVIDFFLyQ
FRQODYLGD
¶
·
$XWRDFHSWD
®
²
³
¶
¸
´
·
¶
%33URSyVLWR
¶
·
&UHFLPLHQWR
SHUVRQDO
¯
´
¹
­
º
²
»
­
+93 +91 (GDG +93 +91 +91 +93 ¼
,QWHJUDFLyQ
VRFLDO
Z
¶
¼
½
®
¯
°
±
­
®
²
³
VRFLDO
¶
®
±
¾
­
¹
²
¿
­
®
²
³
´
VRFLDO
+91 +93 +RPEUH +93 +91 ¼
&RKHUHQFLD
VRFLDO
¦
¼
½
¶
+93 +RPEUH +91 ¼
&RQWULEXFLyQ
VRFLDO
¶
´
§
¨
©
ª
À
Á
Â
Ã
Á
À
Ä
Å
'HORVKDOOD]JRVGHORVHVWXGLRVSUHYLRV\ORUHSRUWDGRSRU
3iH]HWDOVHHVSHUDUtDQYDORUHVPHQRUHVDHQ
ODPHGLDGHKHFKRVYLWDOHVQHJDWLYRV\VXSHULRUHVDHQ
ODPHGLDGHKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVHQSHUVRQDVIHOLFHV
RVDWLVIHFKDVFRQODYLGD1RREVWDQWHODPXHVWUDDTXt
DQDOL]DGDD~QSUHVHQWDGRDOWRVQLYHOHVGHVDWLVIDFFLyQ
FRQODYLGDH[KLEHXQDSXQWXDFLyQPHGLDDOJRPHQRUD
HQKHFKRVSRVLWLYRV\DOJRPD\RUDHQKHFKRVQHJDWL
YRVYDORUHVTXHHQODPXHVWUDHVSDxRODSUHVHQWDEDQORV
PHQRVIHOLFHV6LQHPEDUJRVtVHFRQ¿UPDODKLSyWHVLVGH
TXH ORV KHFKRV YLWDOHV SRVLWLYRV VRQ EDVWDQWH PiV IUH
FXHQWHVTXHORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVQHJDWLYRV-XVWDPHQWHHO
VXFHVRYLWDOSRVLWLYRPiVPHQFLRQDGRYLYHQFLDGHPR
PHQWRVLPSRUWDQWHVGXUDGHURVJUDWL¿FDQWHVHLQWHQVRV
SUiFWLFDPHQWHGXSOLFDDQLYHOSRUFHQWXDODOVXFHVR
YLWDOQHJDWLYRPiVPHQFLRQDGRGLVFXVLRQHVFRQIDPLOLD
UHVRDPLJRV
'HORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVVHSXHGHGHFLUWDPELpQTXH
VHFRUURERUDODUHODFLyQHQWUHODSUHVHQFLDGHKHFKRVYL
WDOHVWDQWRSRVLWLYRVFRPRQHJDWLYRVFRQODVDWLVIDFFLyQ
FRQODYLGDHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR\HOELHQHVWDUVRFLDO
(QOtQHDFRQORKDOODGRSRU6XKHWDOODVDWLVIDFFLyQ
FRQODYLGDVHLQFUHPHQWDHQPD\RUSUHVHQFLDGHKHFKRV
6HLQWURGXMRHOVH[RFRPR PXMHU KRPEUH
/RVKHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVFRQWULEX\HQDWRGDV\FDGD
XQDGHODVGRFHGLPHQVLRQHVGHOELHQHVWDUDQDOL]DGDV
FRQEHWDVTXHYDQGHVGH%3$XWRQRPtDKDVWD
%3 3URSyVLWR HQ OD YLGD 0LHQWUDV ORV KHFKRV YLWDOHV
QHJDWLYRVDSRUWDQHQVHQWLGRLQYHUVRDGLH]GHODVGRFH
GLPHQVLRQHVDQDOL]DGDVQRFRQWULEX\HQGRDGRVGLPHQ
VLRQHVGHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFRDXWRQRPtD\FUHFLPLHQWR
SHUVRQDO/RVEHWDVSUHVHQWDGRVSRUORVKHFKRVQHJDWL
YRVYDQGH%6&RQWULEXFLyQVRFLDOD6DWLV
IDFFLyQFRQODYLGD/DFRPELQDFLyQGHKHFKRVYLWDOHV
SRVLWLYRV\QHJDWLYRVSRUVtVRODH[SOLFDUDHOGHOD
54
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX
YLWDOHVSRVLWLYRV\GLVPLQX\HHQSUHVHQFLDGHKHFKRVYL
WDOHVQHJDWLYRV
(QUHODFLyQDOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFRODPD\RUSUHVHQFLDGH
KHFKRVYLWDOHVSRVLWLYRVPDQLIHVWDGDSRUORVSDUWLFLSDQWHV
VHFRUUHVSRQGHFRQQLYHOHVPiVySWLPRVGHELHQHVWDUHQ
ORTXHKDFHDODDFHSWDFLyQGHXQRPLVPRDWHQHUEXHQDV
UHODFLRQHVFRQRWURVDVHQWLUGRPLQLRGHOHQWRUQRTXHVH
SXHGHGHVDUUROODUFDSDFLGDGHV\FUHFHU\DYLVXDOL]DUPH
WDV\REMHWLYRVDFRQVHJXLU3RUHOFRQWUDULRWRGDVHVWDV
GLPHQVLRQHVGLVPLQX\HQHQODYLYHQFLDGHKHFKRVGHVLJQR
QHJDWLYR(QXQDOtQHDVHPHMDQWHUHVSHFWRDOELHQHVWDU
VRFLDOVHKDOOyTXHHOPD\RUUHSRUWHGHKHFKRVYLWDOHV
SRVLWLYRVVHUHODFLRQDFRQXQDXPHQWRHQHOVHQWLPLHQWRGH
XWLOLGDGFRQODSHUFHSFLyQGHTXHHOPXQGRVRFLDOH[KLEH
FLHUWDOyJLFD\RUJDQL]DFLyQFRQODYLYHQFLDGHXQDPD\RU
LQWHJUDFLyQHQODFRPXQLGDG\PD\RUHVQLYHOHVGHVDWLV
IDFFLyQGHODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHDSHJR\D¿OLDFLyQ3RURWUR
ODGRDPHGLGDTXHHOVXMHWRH[SHULPHQWDPiVVXFHVRV
QHJDWLYRVGLVPLQX\HODFRQ¿DQ]DLQWHUSHUVRQDO\ODVDFWL
WXGHVSRVLWLYDVKDFLDORVRWURVDODYH]TXHSHUFLEHHOHQ
WRUQRFRPRPiVFDyWLFRHLQFRPSUHQVLEOH
6HJ~QORVGDWRVGHHVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRVHQHO3DtV9DVFR
3iH]HWDOORVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVVHDVRFLDUtDQD
PHQRUVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGD\PHQRUELHQHVWDUSVLFROy
JLFRDXQTXHVXLQÀXHQFLDVHUtDPiVGpELOTXHODGHORV
KHFKRVSRVLWLYRV/RVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVGLVPLQXLUtDQVR
EUH WRGR HQ ODV GLPHQVLRQHV GH DXWRDFHSWDFLyQ \ GH
SHUFHSFLyQGHGRPLQLRRFRQWUROGHOHQWRUQR$VXYH]ORV
KHFKRVQHJDWLYRVVHDVRFLDUtDQSRVLWLYDPHQWHDOFUHFL
PLHQWRSHUVRQDOVXJLULHQGRTXHORVKHFKRVHVWUHVDQWHV
VHUYLUtDQGHFDWDOL]DGRURDOLFLHQWH/RVGDWRVUHSRUWDGRV
HQHVWHHVWXGLRDFHUFDGHODUHODFLyQHQWUHKHFKRVQHJD
WLYRV\VDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGD\ELHQHVWDUVRFLDOFRUURER
UDQDTXHOODWHQGHQFLD6LQHPEDUJRORVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRV
QRSDUHFHQDVRFLDUVHDODGLPHQVLyQDXWRQRPtDGHOELHQ
HVWDUSVLFROyJLFR\HQODGLPHQVLyQGRPLQLRGHOHQWRUQR
%3 HO HIHFWR GH ORV KHFKRV QHJDWLYRV HV FODUDPHQWH
VXSHULRUTXHHOGHORVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRV3RURWURODGRQR
SRGUtDKDEODUVHGHUHODFLyQHQWUHFUHFLPLHQWRSHUVRQDO\
KHFKRVQHJDWLYRV\DTXHHQODPXHVWUDDTXtDQDOL]DGD
HOYLYHQFLDUKHFKRVYLWDOHVQHJDWLYRVQRFRQWULEX\HDOD
GLPHQVLyQFUHFLPLHQWRSHUVRQDOGHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR
(Q OR TXH KDFH D OD FRQWULEXFLyQ GH ORV KHFKRV YLWDOHV
SRVLWLYRVHQFRQFRUGDQFLDFRQORKDOODGRSRUHOJUXSRGH
LQYHVWLJDFLyQ YDVFR ORV KHFKRV SRVLWLYRV DXPHQWDQ OD
VDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGDDVtFRPRHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR
\VRFLDO/RVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVYLYLGRVGXUDQWHHO~OWLPR
DxRVHDVRFLDQHVSHFLDOPHQWHFRQHOSURSyVLWRHQODYLGD
%3HOFUHFLPLHQWRSHUVRQDO%3ODFRQWULEXFLyQVRFLDO
%6ODLQWHJUDFLyQVRFLDO%6\ODDXWRDFHSWDFLyQ%3
'HPDQHUDFODUDVHREVHUYDTXHHOSURYHHUVHGHVXFHVRV
SRVLWLYRVDIHFWDGLUHFWDPHQWHDDTXHOORTXHWLHQHTXHYHU
FRQORVDVSHFWRVGHOELHQHVWDUGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHSUR
YLHQHQGHVXUHODFLyQFRQHOHQWRUQRHOVHQWLGRYLWDOTXH
GDHOVHQWLUVH~WLOTXHVHSXHGHGHVDUUROODUODVSRWHQFLD
OLGDGHVSURSLDV\TXHVHDSRUWDDXQDFRPXQLGDGFRQOD
TXHDVXYH]VHHVWiLQWHJUDGRSHURPDQWHQLHQGRODLQGH
SHQGHQFLDQHFHVDULD
3RU VX SDUWH OD LQÀXHQFLD GH ORV KHFKRV QHJDWLYRV GHO
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
~OWLPRDxRGHSULPLUtDPiVIXHUWHPHQWHHOELHQHVWDUHQVXV
GLPHQVLRQHVDIHFWLYDVDVtFRPRODDXWRHVWLPD\HOFRQWURO
GHO\RPLHQWUDVTXHHVWRQRRFXUULUtDHQORVDVSHFWRVPiV
VRFLDOHVQLGHOVHQWLGR\SURSyVLWRHQODYLGDGHOELHQHVWDU
3iH]HWDO(QODPXHVWUDDQDOL]DGDHQHOSUHVHQWH
HVWXGLRODLQÀXHQFLDGHORVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVVLHPSUHHV
PHQRUDODGHORVKHFKRVSRVLWLYRVH[FHSWRHQWUHVGLPHQ
VLRQHVGRPLQLRGHOHQWRUQR%3DFHSWDFLyQVRFLDO%6
\DFWXDOL]DFLyQVRFLDO%66HSXHGHFRQMHWXUDUTXHSDUD
HOFDVRDUJHQWLQRODLQÀXHQFLDGHORVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVQR
VHUHODFLRQDWDQWRFRQODDIHFWLYLGDGGHOELHQHVWDUGLPHQ
VLRQHVPiVDIHFWLYDVVLQRFRQODVHQVDFLyQGHIDOWDGH
FRQWUROTXHORVHYHQWRVQHJDWLYRVHYRFDQHQODVSHUVRQDV
TXHSRGUtDOOHYDUDTXHGLVPLQX\DODVHQVDFLyQGHGRPLQLR
GHOHQWRUQR\GHFRQ¿DQ]DHQODVRFLHGDGDFHSWDFLyQ\
DFWXDOL]DFLyQVRFLDO
(QORTXHKDFHDODLQÀXHQFLDGHOVH[RORVDQiOLVLVGH
UHJUHVLyQVHxDODQTXHORVKRPEUHVGHHVWDPXHVWUDVHQ
WLUtDQPD\RUDXWRDFHSWDFLyQ%3DXWRQRPtD%3\DF
WXDOL]DFLyQVRFLDO%6\PHQRUFUHFLPLHQWRSHUVRQDO%6
\FRQWULEXFLyQVRFLDO%6TXHODVPXMHUHV$OLJXDOTXHORV
UHVXOWDGRVGHRWURHVWXGLRORFDOHQORVTXHORVKRPEUHV
H[KLEHQ XQ ELHQHVWDU PiV LQGHSHQGLHQWH GHO FRQWH[WR
FRQHOFXDOQRVHVLHQWHQPX\HQVLQWRQtD\PiVUHD¿U
PDGRHQVXLQGLYLGXDOLGDGHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQODVPXMH
UHV TXH PXHVWUDQ XQ ELHQHVWDU PiV GHSHQGLHQWH GHO
FRQWH[WRDOFXDOVLHQWHQTXHFRQWULEX\HQ\TXHOHVGHYXHO
YHVHQWLGRGHXWLOLGDGDXQTXHWDPELpQHVWRFRQGLFLRQD
VXVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHPDQWHQHUFLHUWDDXWRQRPtDUHVSHFWR
GHODVSUHVLRQHVVRFLDOHV\ODVKDFHPiVVHQVLEOHVDUH
JXODU ORV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV HQ IXQFLyQ GH ODV QRUPDV \
UHJODVVRFLDOHV=XELHWD0XUDWRUL0HOH
7DPELpQHQOtQHDFRQKDOOD]JRVSUHYLRV*DUFtDVH
FRUURERUDTXHFRQIRUPHDXPHQWDODHGDGVHRSWLPL]DQ
ORVQLYHOHVGHOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFRHQWUHVGLPHQVLRQHV
ODDXWRQRPtDHOGRPLQLRGHOHQWRUQR\HOSURSyVLWRHQOD
YLGD\GHIRUPDFRQJUXHQWHFRQHVWRODVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQ
OD YLGD 'H PDQHUD HVSHUDEOH HO FUHFLPLHQWR KDFLD OD
DGXOWH]\FRPRSHUVRQDVRFLDOWLHQHTXHYHUFRQORJUDU
PD\RUHVQLYHOHVGHLQGHSHQGHQFLDFRQSURSRQHUVHPH
WDV\FRQDGTXLULUPD\RUVHQVDFLyQGHFRQWUROVREUHORV
VXFHVRVGHODYLGD
'HHVWDPDQHUDVHGDPD\RUOX]DODWHQGHQFLDTXHLQGL
FDTXHODLQGHIHQVLyQFRQWUDULDDODLQGHSHQGHQFLD\OD
UHDFWDQFLD\HOORFXVGHFRQWUROH[WHUQRHOVHQWLUTXHORV
KHFKRVWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQHOHPHQWRVH[WHUQRVFRPRHO
D]DURODVXHUWH\QRFRQODSURSLDLQWHUYHQFLyQRLQFLGHQ
FLDVREUHHOORVVRQIDFWRUHVFUtWLFRVTXHREVWDFXOL]DQHO
ELHQHVWDU
$~QFXDQGRORVGDWRVWUDEDMDGRVSRUHOJUXSRGHLQYHVWL
JDFLyQVXUJHQGHPXHVWUDVLQWHQFLRQDOHVGHFDUiFWHUQR
SUREDELOtVWLFDV OD UHSOLFDFLyQ GH HVWXGLRV FRQWULEX\H D
UHIRU]DUODVWHQGHQFLDVREVHUYDGDVHQWUHHOELHQHVWDU\
RWURVDVSHFWRVGHUHOHYDQFLDFRPRHVHOFDVRDTXtGHORV
VXFHVRVYLWDOHV\GHYDULDEOHVVRFLRGHPRJUi¿FDVFRPR
HOJpQHUR\ODHGDGeVWDV~OWLPDVMXQWRDRWURVDVSHFWRV
SVLFRVRFLDOHVVRQIDFWRUHVFUtWLFRVSDUDDQDOL]DU\FRP
SUHQGHU OD HYROXFLyQ GH ODV SHUVRQDV KDFLD HO ORJUR \
VRVWHQLPLHQWRGHVXELHQHVWDU'HHVWDPDQHUDHOFDPLQR
55
SUCESOS VITALES Y BIENESTAR
LIFE EVENTS AND WELLBEING
Muratori, Marcela; Delfino, Gisela; Zubieta, Elena M.
KDFLDHOELHQHVWDULQYROXFUDDVSHFWRVSVLFROyJLFRVHVSH
Ft¿FRVFRPRHVHOORJUDUFRQORVDxRV¿QDOL]DUGHPDQH
UDVDOXGDEOHODHWDSDDGROHVFHQWH\FRQYHUWLUVHHQXQD
SHUVRQDDGXOWDFRQHOQHFHVDULRPDUJHQGHDXWRQRPtD
GHSHQVDPLHQWR\DFFLyQ\GHFRQWUROGHORVUHVXOWDGRV
GHORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRV3HURWDPELpQWLHQHTXHYHUFRQ
DVSHFWRVGHFRJQLFLyQVRFLDODVRFLDGRVDUROHV\IXQFLR
QHVHVWDEOHFLGRVSRUHOHQWRUQRVRFLDO\ODVQRUPDV\UH
JODVTXHGHpOVHGHVSUHQGHQ(VWHFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRHQ
HVWHFDVRDWUDYpVGHODFDWHJRUtDVH[RVHSRQHHQHYL
GHQFLDDOREVHUYDUTXHHQORTXHKDFHDOELHQHVWDUODV
PXMHUHVGHSHQGHQHQVXYDORUDFLyQPiVGHDVSHFWRVUH
ODFLRQDOHV\GHLQWHUGHSHQGHQFLDGHOFRQWH[WRPLHQWUDV
TXHORVKRPEUHVDODKRUDGHVRSHVDUVLPLODUDORTXH
PXHVWUDQORVHVWXGLRVVREUHYDORUHV\FUHHQFLDV=XELHWD
VRQ PiV LQGLYLGXDOLVWDV H LQVWUXPHQWDOHV )LQDO
PHQWH \ HV HQ OD OtQHD HQ OD TXH VH HVWi DYDQ]DQGR
IDFWRUHVSVLFRVRFLDOHVFRPRODFDSDFLGDGGHUHDFWDQFLD
RLQGHIHQVLyQRGHLQWHUQDOLGDGRH[WHUQDOLGDGHQHOFRQ
WUROGHORVVXFHVRVVRQHOHPHQWRVDWHQHUHQFXHQWDHQ
HOHVWXGLRGHOELHQHVWDUGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDTXHKDFH
KLQFDSLpHQODLQWHUDFFLyQGHORVLQGLYLGXRVFRQODVRFLH
GDGGHSHUWHQHQFLD
56
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX
Æ
Ç
È
Ç
Æ
Ç
É
Ê
Ë
Ì
/RFXVGHFRQWURO(Q'3iH],)HUQiQGH]68ELOORV(=X
ELHWD (GV
SS
0DGULG3HDUVRQ(GXFDFLyQ
Í
ú
ð
$UQRVR 0 â
ã
ä
å
æ
â
ã
ç
è
é
÷
Î
Ï
Ð
Ð
Ñ
Ð
Ò
Ó
Ô
Ñ
Õ
Ï
Ö
Ó
×
Ø
Õ
Ñ
Ï
Ù
Ú
Û
Ü
Û
Ý
Þ
ß
Ð
à
Ï
Ù
×
Ò
Ù
Ø
á
Õ
Ñ
á
ê
Ò
Ô
ë
Ø
ì
×
Ñ
ë
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
Ó
Ñ
ì
Ò
Ø
í
Ý
Ð
Ï
ë
Ð
Ï
Ó
Ï
Ù
×
Ø
ì
Ò
î
Ù
Õ
Ï
í
ë
Ø
Ó
Ø
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ø
Ñ
ì
Ò
Ø
í
á
Û
í
×
Û
Ð
Ø
Ý
Ö
Õ
Û
ì
Ø
ì
Ò
î
Ù
7HVLV 'RFWRUDO 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH
&LHQFLD3ROtWLFD\GHOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ8QLYHUVLGDGGHO3DtV
9DVFR%LOEDR(VSDxD
5\II&+DSSLQHVVLVHYHU\WKLQJRULVLW"([SORUDWLRQVRQ
WKHPHDQLQJRISV\FKRORJLFDOZHOOEHLQJ
%DVDEH13iH]'$LHUGL;-LPpQH]$ULVWL]DEDO$
6XK('LHQHU()XMLWD)(YHQWVDQGVXEMHFWLYHZHOO
EHLQJ 2QO\ UHFHQW HYHQWV PDWWHU
í
Ø
Ü
Û
Ó
×
Ò
ì
Ò
Ø
Ý
í
Ø
Ð
Ï
ë
Ø
Ð
Ø
ì
Ò
î
Ù
ï
ð
æ
Ø
Õ
í
Û
Õ
Ï
Ò
Ù
Ô
Ò
à
Ð
Ø
ì
Ò
î
Ù
ï
ß
ì
Û
í
×
Û
Ð
Ø
ì
Ò
î
Ù
á
ñ
Ò
Ï
Ù
Ï
Ó
×
Ø
Ð
Ó
Û
ñ
Ü
Ï
×
Ò
ò
Ñ
Ý
ì
Ø
í
Ò
Õ
Õ
Ï
ò
Ò
Õ
Ø
%DXPHLVWHU5(%UDWVODYVN\()LQNHQDXHU&9RKV.'
%DGLV6WURQJHUWKDQ*RRG
æ
ó
í
Ñ
à
Ý
á
Ï
ò
Ò
Ï
ô
Ñ
õ
ö
Ï
Ù
Ï
Ð
Ø
í
÷
Ó
Ý
ì
ø
Ñ
ù
%LOEDR 0$ &UHHQFLDV VRFLDOHV \ ELHQHVWDU YDORUHV
FUHHQFLDVEiVLFDVLPSDFWRGHORVKHFKRVYLWDOHV\FUHFLPLHQ
WRSVLFROyJLFR7HVLVGRFWRUDO8QLYHUVLGDGGHO3DtV9DVFR
ú
%ODQFR$'tD]'(OELHQHVWDUVRFLDOVXFRQFHSWR\
PHGLFLyQ
â
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
×
ø
Ï
Ô
Ø
Ñ
ì
Ò
Ø
í
÷
Ó
Ý
ì
ø
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ý
ä
á
ä
Ñ
ì
Ò
Ñ
Û
Ð
Ù
Ø
í
Ñ
õ
÷
Ï
Ð
Ó
Ñ
Ù
Ø
í
á
ú
â
÷
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
×
ø
Ï
Ô
Ø
æ
û
Ù
×
Ï
Ð
ò
Ï
Ù
ì
Ò
î
Ù
÷
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
Ó
Ø
í
÷
Ó
Ý
ì
ø
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ý
Ñ
Û
Ð
Ù
Ø
í
Ñ
õ
÷
Ï
Ð
Ó
Ñ
Ù
Ø
í
Ò
×
Ý
Ø
Ù
Ø
í
Õ
á
7KRLWV 3$ 0XOWLSOH LGHQWLWLHV DQG SV\FKRORJLFDO ZHOO
EHLQJDUHIRUPXODWLRQDQGWHVWRIWKHVRFLDOLVRODWLRQK\SRWKH
VLV
ú
ð
ß
Ô
Ï
Ð
Ò
ì
Ø
ç
Ù
Ñ
ì
Ò
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ò
ì
Ø
í
ó
Ï
ò
Ò
Ï
9i]TXH] & +HUYiV * %LOEDR'HVFOpHGH%URZHU
ô
á
÷
ü
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ø
ë
Ñ
Ó
Ò
×
Ò
ò
Ø
Ø
ë
í
Ò
ì
Ø
Õ
Ø
9HHQKRYHQ5(OHVWXGLRGHODVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGD
è
Ù
×
Ï
Ð
ò
Ï
Ù
ì
Ò
î
Ù
÷
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
Ó
Ñ
ì
Ò
Ø
í
á
=XELHWD(0XUDWRUL00HOH6%LHQHVWDUFOLPDHPR
FLRQDO SHUFHSFLyQ GH SUREOHPDV VRFLDOHV \ FRQ¿DQ]D
VHQWDGR SDUD VX HYDOXDFLyQ
)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH%XHQRV$LUHV
ú
ß
Ù
Û
Ø
Ð
Ò
Ñ
Õ
Ï
û
Ù
ò
Ï
Ó
×
Ò
à
Ø
ì
Ò
Ñ
Ù
ú
Ï
Ó
û
)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHDEULOGH
)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHMXOLRGH
Ñ
è
Ò
Ý
ç
á
'LHQHU ( (O ELHQHVWDU VXEMHWLYR
ì
×
ù
'tD] ' 5RGUtJXH]&DUYDMDO 5 %ODQFR $ 0RUHQR-LPpQH]
%*DOODUGR,9DOOH&YDQ'LHUHQGRQFN'$GDS
WDFLyQ HVSDxROD GH ODV HVFDODV GH ELHQHVWDU SVLFROyJLFR GH
5\II
Ò
ä
Õ
ð
û
÷
Ù
Ú
=DUDXW]*LSX]NRD,NXVSHJL2EVHUYDWRULR9DVFR
GH,QPLJUDFLyQ
Ø
Ú
ð
Ø
á
'LHQHU('(PPRQV5$/DUVHQ5-*ULI¿Q67KH
6DWLVIDFWLRQ ZLWK /LIH 6FDOH
æ
Ú
Ñ
Û
Ð
Ù
Ø
í
Ñ
õ
÷
Ï
Ð
Ó
Ñ
Ù
Ø
í
Ò
×
Ý
ß
Ó
ã
Ó
Ï
Ó
Ó
Ô
Ï
Ù
×
á
ü
'LHQHU(2LVKL67KHQRQREYLRXVVRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\
RIKDSSLQHVV
â
÷
Ó
Ý
ì
ø
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ò
ì
Ø
í
û
Ù
ý
Û
Ò
Ð
Ý
å
á
á
)HUQiQGH]$EDVFDO(-LPpQH]30DUWtQ0'
0DGULG(G
&HQWUR5DPyQ$UHFHV
æ
Ö
ê
ì
Ò
î
Ù
Ý
Ô
Ñ
×
Ò
ò
Ø
ì
Ò
î
þ
Ô
Ñ
é
Ù
Ø
Ø
Õ
Ø
ë
×
Ø
ì
Ò
î
Ù
ø
Û
Ô
Ø
Ù
Ø
Þ
ÿ
Ñ
í
ï
)HUQiQGH],3iH]'8ELOORV6=XELHWD(&XDGHU
QRGHSUiFWLFDVGHSVLFRORJtDVRFLDO\FXOWXUD(QFXHVWDV\HV
FDODV6DQ6HEDVWLiQ8QLYHUVLGDGGHO3DtV9DVFR
ú
ú
*DUFtD 6 7HVLV GRFWRUDO LQpGLWD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 3DOHUPR
%XHQRV$LUHV
Û
ë
Ï
Ð
ì
Ò
ñ
Ò
Õ
í
×
Û
Ð
Ø
á
ñ
Ò
Ï
Ù
Ï
Ó
×
Ø
Ð
ë
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
Ó
Ñ
ì
Ò
Ø
í
Ý
Ó
Ø
í
Û
Õ
Ô
Ï
Ù
×
Ø
í
Ø
+ROPHV75DKH57KHVRFLDOUHDGMXVWPHQWUDWLQJVFD
OH
GRL
ú
â
Ú
Ñ
Û
Ð
Ù
Ø
í
Ñ
õ
÷
Ó
Ý
ì
ø
Ñ
Ó
Ñ
Ô
Ø
×
Ò
ì
ó
Ï
Ó
Ï
Ø
.H\HV & 6RFLDO :HOO%HLQJ
å
×
Ï
Ð
í
Ý
Ð
ì
ø
â
á
ð
æ
Ñ
ì
Ò
Ø
í
÷
Ó
Ý
ì
ø
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ý
Û
Ø
Ð
â
á
0XUDWRUL0'HO¿QR*,0HOH69)HUQiQGH]2'(O
LPSDFWRGHORVKHFKRVYLWDOHVHQODVDWLVIDFFLyQFRQODYLGD\
HOELHQHVWDUSVLFROyJLFR
æ
Ï
â
×
Ò
à
Ø
ì
Ò
î
Ù
Ô
Ñ
Ð
Ò
Ø
Ó
Õ
Ï
í
Ø
Ó
Ú
Ñ
Ð
Ù
Ø
Õ
Ø
Ó
Õ
Ï
û
Ù
ò
Ï
Ó
ä
á
1RUULV)+(SLGHPLRORJ\RI7UDXPD)UHTXHQF\DQG,P
SDFWRIGLIIHUHQWSRWHQWLDOWUDXPDWLFHYHQWVRQGLIIHUHQWVGHPR
JUDSKLFJURXSV
ú
ú
Ú
å
Ñ
Û
Ð
Ù
Ø
í
Ñ
õ
Ñ
Ù
Ó
Û
í
×
Ò
Ù
à
Ø
Ù
Õ
í
Ò
Ù
Ò
ì
Ø
í
÷
Ó
Ý
ì
ø
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ý
á
3iH]'
'RFXPHQWRWpF
QLFR6DQ6HEDVWLiQ8QLYHUVLGDGGHO3DtV9DVFR
Ð
Ï
Ï
Ù
ì
Ò
Ø
Ó
á
ò
Ø
í
Ñ
Ð
Ï
Ó
Ý
ñ
Ò
Ï
Ù
Ï
Ó
×
Ø
Ð
ï
ú
3iH]'%LOEDR0$-DYDOR\)'HOWUDXPDDODIHOLFL
GDG/RVKHFKRVQHJDWLYRVH[WUHPRVSXHGHQJHQHUDUFUHHQ
FLDV SRVLWLYDV \ FUHFLPLHQWR SHUVRQDO 0 0 &DVXOOR (G
SS%XHQRV$LUHV
/XJDU
ú
ú
÷
Ð
ì
×
Ò
ì
Ø
Ó
Ï
Ù
÷
Ó
Ò
ì
Ñ
í
Ñ
à
Ø
÷
Ñ
Ó
Ò
×
Ò
ò
Ø
3iH]')HUQiQGH],8ELOORV6\=XELHWD(3VLFROR
JtD6RFLDO&XOWXUD\(GXFDFLyQ0DGULG3HDUVRQ(GV
ú
3iH] ' =XELHWD ( 0D\RUGRPR 6 -LPpQH] $ 5Xt] 6
,GHQWLGDG $XWRFRQFHSWR $XWRHVWLPD $XWRH¿FDFLD \
DE LA PÁGINA 49 A LA 57
57
Descargar