/D3URJUDPDFLRQ'LQDPLFD$SOLFDGDD/RV5HFXUVRV+LGULFRV /$352*5$0$&,21',1$0,&$$3/,&$'$$/265(&85626+,'5,&26 -RUJH93LODU ,QJ+LGUiXOLFR0iVWHUHQ,QJHQLHUtD 'WRGH+LGUiXOLFD)DFXOWDGGH,QJHQLHUtD 8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGHO1RUGHVWH ,1752'8&&,21 ([LVWHQSUREOHPDVTXHSRVHHQXQDHVWUXFWXUDHVSHFLDOODVGHFLVLRQHVVRQWRPDGDV HQ IRUPD VHFXHQFLDO HQ HO WLHPSR \R HQ HO HVSDFLR 2 VHD HVWRV SUREOHPDV SXHGHQ GHVFRPSRQHUVH HQ YDULDV HWDSDV ODV TXH SXHGHQ VHU FRPSOHWDGDV GH XQD R PiV IRUPDV 3HUR D SHVDU GH TXH ODV GHFLVLRQHV VRQ WRPDGDV GH D XQD HOODV VRQ DOWDPHQWH LQWHUGHSHQGLHQWHV 3DUD UHVROYHU HVWH WLSR GH SUREOHPDV VXUJLy OD SURJUDPDFLyQ GLQiPLFD 3' TXH IXHGHVDUUROODGDSRU5LFKDUG%HOOPDQDPHGLDGRVGHODGpFDGDGHO(QYHUGDGODSDODEUD GLQiPLFDGDODVHQVDFLyQ GH GHFLVLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDV FRQ HO WLHPSRQR REVWDQWH SXHGD VHU XWLOL]DGDWDPELpQHQVLWXDFLRQHVGRQGHHOWLHPSRQRHVXQIDFWRULPSRUWDQWH3RUWDOPRWLYR WDO YH] XQ QRPEUH PDV DSURSLDGR VHUtD HO GH ¦SURJUDPDFLyQ GH HWDSDV P~OWLSOHV§ 7DKD (O SODQHDPLHQWR \ RSHUDFLyQ GH VLVWHPDV GH UHFXUVRV KtGULFRV SUHVHQWD LQQXPHUDEOHVVLWXDFLRQHVFDUDFWHUL]DGDVSRUXQDVHFXHQFLDOLGDGHVSDFLDO\RWHPSRUDOHQOD WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV (VWDV VLWXDFLRQHV VRQ HVSHFLDOPHQWH DGHFXDGDV SDUD VHU DERUGDGDV D WUDYpV GH OD 3' /D YHQWDMD GH HVWH DERUGDMH HV TXH SUREOHPDV GH JUDQ SRUWH SXHGHQ VHU GHVFRPSXHVWRVHQRWURVPiVSHTXHxRV\IiFLOHVGHUHVROYHU /D3'QRHVWiOLPLWDGDSRUUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHOLQHDOLGDGFRYH[LGDGRFRQWLQXLGDG FRPR OD SURJUDPDFLyQ OLQHDO 6LQ HPEDUJR HVWi OLPLWDGD D SUREOHPDV GRQGH OD )2 HV IXQFLyQ GH XQD R PiV YDULDEOHV GH GHFLVLyQ \ QR SURSRUFLRQDO D HOODV +DOO \ 'UDFXS (VWDIXQFLyQSXHGHLQFOXVLYHVHUGLVFRQWLQXDDOSXQWRGHHVWDUGHILQLGDVRODPHQWH SDUDYDORUHVGLVFUHWRVGHODVYDULDEOHVGHGHFLVLyQ/DEDGLH%DUURV 6LQWpWLFDPHQWH OD VROXFLyQ GH SUREOHPDV GH 3' FRQVLVWH HQ EXVFDU OD GHFLVLyQ ySWLPD ¦SDVR D SDVR§ WHQLHQGR HQ FRQVLGHUDFLyQ ODV IXWXUDV FRQVHFXHQFLDV GH FDGD GHFLVLyQODGHFLVLyQ¦L§GHEHVHUODPHMRUQRVRODPHQWHFRQVLGHUDQGRHVDHWDSDVLQRWRGDV ODVHWDSDVUHVWDQWHVLQFOX\HQGRODSURSLDHWDSD¦L§ '267,326'(352%/(0$6 %DMRODySWLFDGHODXWRUGHHVWHWUDEDMRHQHOiUHDGHODVLQJHQLHUtDVTXHWUDWDQFRQ UHFXUVRV QDWXUDOHV H[LVWHQ GRV WLSRV GH SUREOHPDV UHODFLRQDGRV DO SODQHDPLHQWR \ TXH SUHFLVDQGHXQDVROXFLyQVHFXHQFLDO $TXHOORV GRQGH HO HVSDFLR GH VROXFLyQ WLHQH DO PHQRV GRV GLPHQVLRQHV ¦HWDSDV§ \ ¦HVWDGRV§ODVGLPHQVLRQHVDXPHQWDQVHJ~QDXPHQWDHOQ~PHURGHYDULDEOHVGHHVWDGR $TXHOORVGRQGHHOHVSDFLRGHVROXFLyQHVXQHVSDFLRJHRJUiILFR\HOSUREOHPDFRQVLVWH &8$'(5126GHO&85,+$09ROGR6HPHVWUH HQEXVFDUHOFDPLQRGHPHQRUFRVWRHQWUHGRVSXQWRV /RVSUREOHPDVGHOSULPHUWLSRVRQDERUGDGRVFRQWpFQLFDVGH3'FOiVLFD/RVTXH FRUUHVSRQGHQ DO VHJXQGR WLSR VRQ FRQRFLGRV FRPR SUREOHPDV GH ¦OHDVWFRVWSDWK§ \ VRQ DERUGDGRV DFWXDOPHQWH D WUDYpV GH ORV OODPDGRV VLVWHPDV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ JHRJUiILFD &ROOLVFKRQQ\3LODU (QHVWHWUDEDMRVHUiSUHVHQWDGRXQDOJRULWPRGHVROXFLyQGHVDUUROODGRSRUHODXWRU SDUDUHVROYHUSUREOHPDVGHOSULPHUWLSRRVHDGH3'FOiVLFD 352%/(0$6'(3'&/$6,&$ /D ILJXUD HVTXHPDWL]D XQD ¦HWDSD§ GH XQ SURFHVR HFXHQFLDO GH DVLJQDFLyQ GH UHFXUVRV TL HWDSDV (WDSDL [L [LM [L- [L UHVWR )LJXUD(VTXHPDGHXQDHWDSDGHXQSUREOHPDGH3' (QODILJXUDTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDXQSURFHVRGH¦1§HWDSDVHOVLJQLILFDGRGHORV WpUPLQRVXWLOL]DGRVHVHOVLJXLHQWH TL [LM [L YDULDEOHGHHVWDGRHQODHWDSD¦L§IDOWDQGRWRGDYtD¦1L§HWDSDV XQRGHORVYDORUHVTXHSXHGHDGRSWDUODYDULDEOHGHGHFLVLyQGH¦[L§HQODHWDSD¦L§ GHFLVLyQ¦ySWLPD§HQODHWDSD¦L§ 3DUD H[SOLFDU HO SURFHGLPLHQWR GH VROXFLyQ GH XQ SUREOHPD FOiVLFR GH 3' VHUiQ GHILQLGRVORVVLJXLHQWHVWpUPLQRV /D3URJUDPDFLRQ'LQDPLFD$SOLFDGDD/RV5HFXUVRV+LGULFRV 5L[LM HOUHVXOWDGRFRVWRREHQHILFLRGHODGHFLVLyQ¦M§SDUDODYDULDEOH¦[L§HQODHWDSD ¦L§ IL TLHOEHQHILFLR¦ySWLPR§ GHODVHWDSDVLL1SDUDHOYDORU ¦T§GH ODYDULDEOHGH HVWDGRHQODHWDSD¦L§ (QWRQFHVODVROXFLyQGHOSUREOHPDHQHOSDVR¦L§VHUi IL T L > 237,02 5 L [ LM IL TL [ LM @ FRQODFRQGLFLyQTXH ¦ [ LM d TL - L VLHQGR ¦-§ HO JUDGR GH GLVFUHWL]DFLyQ GH OD YDULDEOH GH HVWDGR (Q RWUDV SDODEUDV HVWR VLJQLILFD TXH OD YDULDEOH GH GHFLVLyQ SXHGH DGRSWDU XQ YDORU HQWUH ¦-§ YDORUHV SRVLEOHV VRQ ¦-§ YDORUHV GLVFUHWRV PiV OD RSFLyQ GH OD GHFLVLyQ GH DGRSWDU HO YDORU ¦FHUR§ VLQ VREUHSDVDUHOOtPLWH GHOUHFXUVR(VWHOtPLWHHQODHWDSD ¦L§ HVGHILQLGRSRUHOYDORU GHOD YDULDEOHGHHVWDGR(OVtPEROR LQGLFDXQDRSHUDFLyQFXDOTXLHUDQRUPDOPHQWHXQDVXPD RXQSURGXFWR $QWHULRUPHQWHIXHH[SOLFDGRTXHSDUDUHVROYHUSUREOHPDVGH3'HVSUHFLVRGHILQLU HQFDGDHWDSDXQDHFXDFLyQGHHVWDGR(VWDHFXDFLyQSXHGHVHUH[SUHVDGDFRPR TL TL [ L 6HUi LQWURGXFLGR RWUR WpUPLQR SDUD D\XGDU HQ OD IRUPXODFLyQ GHO DOJRULWPR GH VROXFLyQ SDUD SUREOHPDV GH 3' ¦-L TL§ TXH HV OD GHFLVLyQ TXH SURGXFH ¦IL TL§ HVWD GHFLVLyQHV¦[M§ODPHMRUGHWRGDVODV¦[LM§ 7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDWRGRORDQWHULRUSXHGHQVHUUHDOL]DGDVGRVREVHUYDFLRQHV /DGHFLVLyQ¦M§GHSHQGHGH¦T§\GHODHWDSD¦L§ /DVROXFLyQWRWDOGHOSUREOHPDHVFRQVWUXtGDSRUHWDSDV 'HO DQiOLVLV GH OD HFXDFLyQ VH SXHGH FRQFOXLU TXH HQ OD HWDSD ¦L§ GHEHQ VHU FRPSDUDGDVWRGDVODVFRPELQDFLRQHVHQWUHODV¦-§GHFLVLRQHVSRVLEOHVSDUDHOHVWDGR¦TL§ IDOWDQGRWRGDYtD¦1L§HWDSDVDVWDHOILQDO(VWHQ~PHURGHFRPELQDFLRQHVHQFDGDHWDSDHV GH>- -@\VLFDGDHWDSDHVLJXDOPHQWHGLVFUHWL]DGDSDUDODV¦1§HWDSDVVHUiQ QHFHVDULDV1^>--@`FRPELQDFLRQHV+DOO\'UDFXS &8$'(5126GHO&85,+$09ROGR6HPHVWUH [L [L TL TL L L TL (WDSD¦L§ (WDSD¦L§ )LJXUD3URFHVRGHVROXFLyQGHXQSUREOHPDGH3' (OSURFHVRGHVROXFLyQGHSUREOHPDVGH3'SXHGHVHUYLVXDOL]DGRHQODILJXUD 3HUR FyPR SXHGH VHU UHVXHOWR HVWH SUREOHPD HQ XQD HWDSD LQWHUPHGLD ¦L§ VL OD GHFLVLyQDVHUWRPDGDGHSHQGHDVXYH]GHODVGHFLVLRQHVWRPDGDVHQODVHWDSDVVLJXLHQWHV" $SDUHQWHPHQWHHOSUREOHPDVHSUHVHQWDFRPRLQGHILQLGR1RREVWDQWHH[LVWHXQDHWDSDHQ ODFXDOHOSUREOHPDTXHGDWRWDOPHQWHGHILQLGR(VWDHWDSDHVOD~OWLPDRVHDODHWDSD¦1§ (QWRQFHVUHVXHOWRHOSUREOHPDSDUD¦L 1§VHUiIiFLOUHVROYHUORVXFHVLYDPHQWHSDUD¦L 1§KDVWD¦L § (VWDWpFQLFDYDJHQHUDQGRVXSURSLRSURJUHVR3RUHVRHVWDIRUPDGHUHVROXFLyQVH GHQRPLQD ¦DOJRULWPR GH UHFXUVLyQ§ \ ODV IyUPXODV ¦IyUPXODV UHFXUVLYDV§ %DUURV %URQVRQ &LIUHV +DOO \ 'UDFXS /DEDGLH 7DKD 9HQWVHO :DJQHU (YLGHQWHPHQWH UHVXOWD PiV IiFLO UHVROYHU UHSHWLGDPHQWH XQ SUREOHPD UHODWLYDPHQWHIiFLOTXHUHVROYHUGHXQDVRODYH]XQSUREOHPDFRPSOHMR9HQWVHO 3XHGHGHFLUVHTXHHOSUREOHPDGHRSWLPL]DFLyQ HVELIiVLFRIDVHGHOILQSDUDHO LQLFLRUHFRQRFLHQGRODVPHMRUHVGHFLVLRQHVSDUDFDGDHWDSD\IDVHGHOLQLFLRKDVWDHOILQ OH\HQGRODVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVySWLPDVVXUJLGDVGHODIDVHDQWHULRU (V QHFHVDULR KDFHU XQD DFODUDFLyQ DOJXQRV DXWRUHV DILUPDQ TXH H[LVWHQ FDVRV GRQGH OD SULPHUD IDVH PHQFLRQDGD DQWHULRUPHQWH HV SRVLEOH UHDOL]DUOD GHVGH HO SULQFLSLR KDVWDHOILQ(VWRHVYHUGDGHURVyORSDUDDOJXQRVFDVRVHQORVFXDOHV HOLQLFLR \HOILQ VRQ ¦LQWHUFDPELDEOHV§FRPRHQHOFDVRGHXQDUXWDSDUDTXLHQYDVHUiHOLQLFLRSHURSDUDTXLHQ YLHQHVHUiHOILQ2WUDVLWXDFLyQGRQGHHVWRHVYiOLGRHVFXDQGRFDGDHWDSDFRUUHVSRQGHDXQ /D3URJUDPDFLRQ'LQDPLFD$SOLFDGDD/RV5HFXUVRV+LGULFRV SUR\HFWRGLIHUHQWHHQHVWHFDVRHVLQGLIHUHQWHHVFRJHUFXDOTXLHUDGHHOORVFRPRHOSULPHUR RHOVHJXQGRHWF7DKD /$87,/,=$&,21'(/$3'(15(&85626+,'5,&26 /D XWLOL]DFLyQ GH OD 3' HQ HO iUHD GH ORV UHFXUVRV KtGULFRV VH FRQFHQWUD HQ WUHV JUDQGHViUHDV ODDVLJQDFLyQGHDJXDSDUDYDULRVXVXDULRV RSHUDFLyQGHUHVHUYRULRV H[SDQVLyQGHODFDSDFLGDGGHVLVWHPDVGHUHFXUVRVKtGULFRV $GHPiV GH HVWR OD 3' WLHQH FLHUWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXH OD KDFHQ DGHFXDGD SDUD LQFRUSRUDU OD DOHDWRULHGDG GH ORV IHQyPHQRV QDWXUDOHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH VL ORV SURFHVRV HVWRFiVWLFRVVRQGHWLSR¦PDUNRYLDQRVGHSULPHURUGHQ§SURFHVRVHVWRFiVWLFRVHQORVFXDOHV HOHVWDGRGHOVLVWHPDHQFXDOTXLHUHWDSDVyORGHSHQGHGHODHWDSDDQWHULRU &2',*26&20387$&,21$/(63$5$/$3' 7HQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD TXH XQ SUREOHPD GH 3' TXHGD FRPSOHWDPHQWH FDUDFWHUL]DGR XQDYH]TXHIXHURQGHILQLGDVWRGDVODVYDULDEOHVGHHVWDGRODVGHGHFLVLyQ\ODVHFXDFLRQHV WDQWRODVUHFXUVLYDVFRPRODVGHHVWDGRHVSRVLEOHSHUFLELUTXHORVSUREOHPDVDERUGDEOHVD WUDYpV GH OD 3' GLILHUHQ PXFKR HQWUH Vt \ OD HODERUDFLyQ GH XQ FyGLJR FRPSXWDFLRQDO GH DSOLFDELOLGDGJHQHUDOHVXQDWDUHDGLItFLO (O SURIHVRU -RKQ /DEDGLH GH OD &RORUDGR 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ GH )RUW &ROOLQV KD GHVDUUROODGRXQSURJUDPDSDUDUHVROYHUSUREOHPDVGH3'SDUDUHFXUVRVKtGULFRVVHJ~Q pO GHDSOLFDELOLGDGJHQHUDO/DEDGLH%DUURV &RQVLGHUDQGR HVWR HO DXWRU GH HVWH WUDEDMR EDVDGR HQ XQD LGHD SUHVHQWDGD SRU :DJQHU HODERUy XQ DOJRULWPR PX\ VLPSOH SDUD UHVROYHU SUREOHPDV GH 3' GHWHUPLQtVWLFDGLVFUHWDSDUDXQD~QLFDYDULDEOHGHHVWDGR\SDUDXQD)2GHWLSR¦DGLWLYD§ 6LQ HPEDUJR FRQ DOJXQDV SRFDV PRGLILFDFLRQHV VH SRGUtD DPSOLDU OD JDPD GH SUREOHPDV UHVROXEOHV FRQ HVWH DOJRULWPR FRPR VH YHUi PDV DGHODQWH (O DXWRU WDPELpQ HODERUy XQ FyGLJR FRPSXWDFLRQDO HQ OHQJXDMH )RUWDQ TXH UHVXHOYH HVWH DOJRULWPR DO TXH OODPy ¦352*',1§ (ODOJRULWPR /D ILORVRItD GHODOJRULWPR TXH VH SUHVHQWD HQ HVWHWUDEDMR FRQVLGHUD TXH XQD YH] UHSUHVHQWDGR HO SUREOHPD GH 3' HQ XQ HVSDFLR GH GHFLVLyQ HWDSDVHVWDGRV SRGUtD VHU DQDOL]DGRFRPRXQSUREOHPDGHRULJHQGHVWLQR 3DUDH[SOLFDUHVWHDOJRULWPRVHUiXWLOL]DGRXQHMHPSORPX\VLPSOH6XSyQJDVHTXH OD HPSUHVD TXH SURYHH DJXD SDUD SHTXHxD FLXGDG SUHYp TXH VX FDSDFLGDG DFWXDO GH KPGGHEHHYROXFLRQDUHQHOWLHPSRVHJ~Q &DSDFLGDGDxRKPG &8$'(5126GHO&85,+$09ROGR6HPHVWUH &DSDFLGDGDxRKPG &DSDFLGDGDxRKPG /RV FRVWRV GH ODV GLIHUHQWHV DOWHUQDWLYDV GH H[SDQVLyQ HQ PLOORQHV GH GyODUHV\¦YDORUSUHVHQWH§VRQLQGLFDGRVDFRQWLQXDFLyQ &$3$&),1$/ KPG &$3$&,1,&,$/ KPG /DSUHJXQWDHVFXiOHVODSROtWLFDGHH[SDQVLyQGHPHQRUFRVWR" (Q SULPHU OXJDU HV QHFHVDULR UHSUHVHQWDU HO SUREOHPD HQ HO HVSDFLR GH GHFLVLyQ 3URGXFFLyQKP G $xR $xR $xR $xR $xRV )LJXUD5HSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOSUREOHPDHQHOHVSDFLRGHGHFLVLyQ /D3URJUDPDFLRQ'LQDPLFD$SOLFDGDD/RV5HFXUVRV+LGULFRV HWDSDVHVWDGRV(YLGHQWHPHQWHODVHWDSDVVHUiQORVKRUL]RQWHVGHH[SDQVLyQRVHDORVDxRV \ \ ORV HVWDGRV TXHGDUiQ FDUDFWHUL]DGRV SRU ODV FDSDFLGDGHV GH SURGXFFLyQ ILJXUD 3DUD DSOLFDU HO DOJRULWPR HV QHFHVDULR HQXPHUDU ORV QXGRV YLDEOHV HQ RUGHQ FUHFLHQWHHVWRHVVyORXQDH[LJHQFLDGHOFRQWDGRUGHOSURJUDPD¦352*',1§\XQDIRUPD GHRUGHQDUHOSUREOHPD(QHOFDVRGHOHMHPSORORVQXGRVVRQVLHWH (VWRV QXGRV HVWDUiQ XQLGRV SRU DUFRV TXHUHSUHVHQWDQ ORV FRVWRV SDUD FDPELDU GH HVWDGRILJXUD 3URGXFFLyQKP G $xR $xR $xR $xR $xRV )LJXUD1XPHUDFLyQGHORVQXGRVYLDEOHV (O SURFHVR GH VROXFLyQ HV UHDOL]DGR ¦PDWULFLDOPHQWH§ \ SRU OR WDQWR HV QHFHVDULR HODERUDUDOJXQDVPDWULFHV 0DWUL]GHFRQWURO /DSULPHUDPDWUL]TXHGHEHVHUPRQWDGDHVOODPDGD¦PDWUL]GHFRQWURO§&RQHVWD PDWUL] VH LQGLFD DO SURJUDPD ORV DUFRV YLDEOHV XQ ¦§ LQGLFD YLDELOLGDG \ XQ ¦§ LQYLDELOLGDG(VWDPDWUL] SRVHHXQDFROXPQDILQDOTXHLQGLFDODV HWDSDV TXHWRGDYtD IDOWDQ SDUDOOHJDUKDVWDHOILQ /DPDWUL]GHFRQWUROGHOHMHPSORHVSUHVHQWDGDHQODILJXUD &8$'(5126GHO&85,+$09ROGR6HPHVWUH '(67,12 1 25,*(1 (WDSDV 1 )DOWDQWHV )LJXUD0DWUL]GHFRQWURO (VWD PDWUL] WLHQH ¦1§ OtQHDV VLHQGR ¦1§ HO Q~PHUR GH QXGRV YLDEOHV /D OtQHD VXSHULRU FRUUHVSRQGH DO QXGR ¦1§ \ OD ~OWLPD DO QXGR ¦§ /D SULPHUD FROXPQD FRUUHVSRQGHDOQXGR¦1§\OD~OWLPDDOQXGR¦§(OHVTXHPDGHQXPHUDFLyQYDOHSDUDODV GRVPDWULFHVVLJXLHQWHV 3DUDXWLOL]DUHO¦352*',1§OD PDWUL]GHFRQWUROGHEHVHUUHOOHQDGDFRQQ~PHURV HQWHURV\DOPDFHQDGDHQXQDUFKLYR$6&,,OODPDGR¦0$75B$'$7§ 0DWUL]GHFRVWRVREHQHILFLRV $FRQWLQXDFLyQHVQHFHVDULRHODERUDURWUDPDWUL]WDPELpQGHOWLSRRULJHQGHVWLQR FRQ ORV FRVWRV R EHQHILFLRV VHJ~Q HO SUREOHPD 3DUD XWLOL]DU HO SURJUDPD ¦352*',1§ HVWDPDWUL]GHEHVHUUHOOHQDGDFRQQ~PHURVUHDOHVRVHDFRQSXQWRGHFLPDO\ODVFpOXODV YDFtDVFRQ XQFHUR/D~OWLPDFROXPQDHQFRUUHVSRQGHQFLD FRQ OD FROXPQDGH ODV HWDSDVIDOWDQWHVGHOD¦PDWUL]GHFRQWURO§GHEHVHUWDPELpQUHOOHQDGDFRQFHURV 3DUD OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GHO ¦352*',1§ HVWD PDWUL] GHEH VHU DOPDFHQDGD HQ XQ DUFKLYR$6&,,FRQHOQRPEUHGH¦0$75B%'$7 /DPDWUL]GHORVFRVWRVGHOHMHPSORHVSUHVHQWDGDHQODILJXUD /D3URJUDPDFLRQ'LQDPLFD$SOLFDGDD/RV5HFXUVRV+LGULFRV '(67,12 1 25,*(1 1 )LJXUD0DWUL]GHORVFRVWRV 0DWUL]GHORVFiOFXORVGLQiPLFRV (VWD PDWUL] SRVHH ¦1§ OtQHDV \ ¦1§ FROXPQDV /DV GRV ~OWLPDV FROXPQDV FRUUHVSRQGHQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHDODGHFLVLyQySWLPDSDUDFDPELDUGHHVWDGRTXHHVOODPDGD ¦-§\OD¦FRQWULEXFLyQ§DVRFLDGDFRQOD)2TXHHVOODPDGD¦I§ (OOD GHEH VHU UHOOHQDGD ¦GLQiPLFDPHQWH§ LQLFLDQGR HQ OD SULPHUD OtQHD TXH FRUUHVSRQGHDXQRGHORVQXGRVGHOD~OWLPDHWDSDGRQGHGHEHVHUWRPDGDXQDGHFLVLyQ3RU ORWDQWRIDOWDQGRVRODPHQWHXQDHWDSDSRUGHODQWHpVWDGHEHUiVHUQHFHVDULDPHQWHHOQXGR ¦1§(QHVWHFDVRODFROXPQD¦M§GHEHVHUUHOOHQDGDFRQHOYDORUGH¦1§\ODFROXPQD¦I§ FRQHOFRVWRDVRFLDGRSDUDLUGHVGHHOQXGR¦1§DOQXGR¦1§ 3DUDHOHMHPSORHOSULPHUELQRPLRRULJHQGHVWLQRVHUiHO¦§\ORVYDORUHVGH¦M§ \¦I§¦§\¦§UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH (OPLVPRSURFHVRHVUHSHWLGRSDUDWRGDVODVOtQHDVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQORVQXGRVGHOD ~OWLPDHWDSDHQHOHMHPSORHOQXGR¦§ 6HJXLGDPHQWH GHEHQ VHU DQDOL]DGRV ORV QXGRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D OD SHQ~OWLPD HWDSDFXDQGRIDOWDQGHFLVLRQHVDVHUWRPDGDV3DUDH[SOLFDUFyPRIXQFLRQDHODOJRULWPR VHUi DQDOL]DGR HO QXGR ¦§ GHO HMHPSOR /RV GHVWLQRV YLDEOHV SDUD pO VRQ ORV QXGRV ¦§ \ ¦§(OFRVWRSDUDLUGHVGH¦§KDVWD¦§HVGH\HOYDORUGH¦I§SDUDHOGHVWLQR¦§HV GH3RUORWDQWRHOYDORUGH¦I§HQ¦§HQHOFDVRGH¦M §VHUi $ VXYH]HOFRVWRSDUDKDFHU¦§HVGH\HOYDORUGH¦I§SDUDHOGHVWLQR¦§HVFHURR VHDTXHHOYDORUGH¦I§HQ¦§SDUD¦M §VHUiGH &RPRHOSUREOHPDHVGH PLQLPL]DFLyQHOYDORUGH¦I§DVRFLDGRDOQXGR¦§VHUiHOPHQRU YDORUHQWUH\ TXHHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODGHFLVLyQ¦§ (VWH FiOFXOR GLQiPLFR SURVLJXH KDVWD HO QXGR ¦§ (Q HVWH SXQWR HO YDORU GH ¦I§ VHUiHOYDORUGD)2 &8$'(5126GHO&85,+$09ROGR6HPHVWUH 1 25,*(1 1 1&21/$)2 '(67,12 &2175,%8&,2 '(&,6,21 (OFDPLQRySWLPRVHHQFXHQWUDOH\HQGRRUGHQDGDPHQWHORVYDORUHVGH¦M§GHVGHOD HWDSD¦§KDVWDOD~OWLPDVHOHHFXiOHVODPHMRUGHFLVLyQSDUDHOQXGR¦§VHJXLGDPHQWHVH HQWUD HQ OD PDWUL] GH ORV FiOFXORV GLQiPLFRV FRQ HVH YDORU GH ¦M§ FRPR RULJHQ \ VH OHH HO FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH¦M§6HVLJXHDVtKDVWDFRPSOHWDUWRGDVODVHWDSDV 3DUDHOFDVRGHOHMHPSORODPHMRUGHFLVLyQSDUDHOQXGR¦§HVHOQXGR¦§SDUDHO QXGR¦§HO¦§ \ILQDOPHQWHSDUDHO¦§ODPHMRU\~QLFDSRVLEOHHVLUDOQXGR¦§ 2 VHD OD PHMRU VHFXHQFLDGH GHFLVLRQHV HV OD VLHQGR HO YDORU REWHQLGR GH OD )2 GH (VSRVLEOHSHUFLELUTXHDYHFHVSRGUiQH[LVWLUPiVGHXQDVHFXHQFLDGHGHFLVLRQHV ySWLPDV(OSURJUDPD¦352*',1§FRQVLJXHHQFRQWUDUVyOR GRV GH HVWDV VHFXHQFLDVSXHV KDFHGRV¦EDUULGDV§GHOSUREOHPDODSULPHUDEXVFDQGRHOPHQRUYDORUGHODOtQHDKDFLHQGR XQD FRPSDUDFLyQ OyJLFD GH ¦PHQRU TXH§ R ¦PD\RU TXH§ HQ FDVR TXH HO SUREOHPDVHD GH PD[LPL]DFLyQ \ OD VHJXQGD EXVFDQGR HVWH YDORU FRQ XQD FRPSDUDFLyQ OyJLFD GHO WLSR ¦PHQRURLJXDO§R¦PD\RURLJXDO§SDUDSUREOHPDVGHPD[LPL]DFLyQ (QODILJXUDHVPRVWUDGDODPDWUL]GHORVFiOFXORVGLQiPLFRV M I )LJXUD0DWUL]GHORVFiOFXORVGLQiPLFRV /D3URJUDPDFLRQ'LQDPLFD$SOLFDGDD/RV5HFXUVRV+LGULFRV $/*8126&$626(63(&,$/(6 &DVR 6HDHOSUREOHPDUHSUHVHQWDGRHQODILJXUDHQHOFXDOVHEXVFDHOFDPLQRySWLPR SDUDLUGHVGH¦$§KDVWD¦)§ % ( & $ ) ' )LJXUD3UREOHPDGRQGHODVHWDSDVQRHVWiQELHQGHILQLGDV 8Q DUWLILFLR SDUD UHVROYHU HVWHSUREOHPD FRQ HO DOJRULWPR TXH VH SUHVHQWD HQ HVWH WUDEDMRFRQVLVWHHQLQFRUSRUDUDOJXQRVQXGRVYLUWXDOHVKDFLHQGRTXHHOFRVWRREHQHILFLR SDUDDOFDQ]DUORVVHDFHUR /DUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHHVWHSUREOHPDLQFOX\HQGRORVQXGRVYLUWXDOHVHQXQHVSDFLR GHGHFLVLyQHWDSDVHVWDGRVHVPRVWUDGDHQODILJXUD &8$'(5126GHO&85,+$09ROGR6HPHVWUH (VWDGRV 9 &$% $ 9 % 9 &$& & &$' &&' &%& &&( &%( ' &() ( 9 &') ) &&) 9 (WDSDV )LJXUD8WLOL]DFLyQGHQXGRVYLUWXDOHV (QODILJXUDORVQXGRV¦9L§UHSUHVHQWDQORVQXGRVYLUWXDOHV\¦&-.§ORVFRVWRV REHQHILFLRVSDUDLUGHVGHHOQXGR¦-§KDVWDHOQXGR¦.§ &DVR $OJXQRV SUREOHPDV QR ILQDOL]DQ HQ XQ ~QLFR QXGR OR TXH GHMD ¦DELHUWD§ OD HWDSD ILQDO(VWHSXHGHVHUHOFDVRGHXQDUHSUHVDGRQGHHVSRVLEOHHYDFXDUDJXDSRUHOYHUWHGHUR DGHPiVGHDWHQGHUODVGHPDQGDV &XDQGRHOXVXDULRLQIRUPDDO¦352*',1§HOQ~PHURGHQXGRV ¦1§HOSURJUDPD OHHHQODV PDWULFHVGHFRQWURO\GHFRVWRVREHQHILFLRV ¦1§ QXGRV GH RULJHQGHVGH HO ¦§KDVWDHO¦1§ \¦1§ QXGRV GHGHVWLQRGHVGHHO¦1§ KDVWDHO¦§ 3RUORWDQWRXQD IURQWHUDDELHUWDHQOD~OWLPDHWDSDVHUiPRWLYRGHHUURUHVHQODOHFWXUDGHORVGDWRV 6LQ HPEDUJR HVWH WLSR GH VLWXDFLRQHV SUREOHPiWLFDV VH FRQMXUD IiFLOPHQWH PHGLDQWH OD LQFRUSRUDFLyQ GH XQD ¦HWDSD YLUWXDO§ FRQ XQ ~QLFR HVWDGR SRVLEOH \ FRVWRV R EHQHILFLRVQXORVSDUDDOFDQ]DUORVILJXUD(QHVWHFDVRHOQ~PHURGHQXGRVSDVDGH¦1§ SDUD¦1§ &DVR /D3URJUDPDFLRQ'LQDPLFD$SOLFDGDD/RV5HFXUVRV+LGULFRV (WDSDN (WDSDN (WDSDN (WDSDN )LJXUD8WLOL]DFLyQGHHWDSDVYLUWXDOHV &XDQGR OD )2 QR HV DGLWLYD VLQR XQD VHFXHQFLD GH PXOWLSOLFDFLRQHV WRGDYtD HV SRVLEOHXWLOL]DUHVWHDOJRULWPR\HO¦352*',1§KDFLHQGRWDQVyORXQRVSHTXHxRVFDPELRV ORV FRVWRV R EHQHILFLRV SDUD SDVDU GH XQ HVWDGR HQ XQD HWDSD GDGD SDUD RWUR HVWDGR HQ OD HWDSD VLJXLHQWH GHEHQ VHU FDPELDGRV SRU VXV UHVSHFWLYRV ORJDULWPRV &RQ HVWD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ OD VHFXHQFLD GH PXOWLSOLFDFLRQHV FDPELD SDUD XQD VHFXHQFLD GH VXPDV WUDQVIRUPiQGRVHHOSUREOHPDHQ¦DGLWLYR§ (VWRHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHHQORVFDVRVGH3'HVWRFiVWLFDGRQGHVHWUDEDMD FRQYDORUHVHVSHUDGRV (16,17(6,6 6HFXHQFLDJHQHUDOGHODVROXFLyQGHSUREOHPDVGH3' /DEDGLH HQXPHUy RUGHQDGDPHQWH OD VHFXHQFLD TXH VH GHEH VHJXLU SDUD VROXFLRQDU SUREOHPDVGH3'(VWDVHFXHQFLDHVODVLJXLHQWH GHILQLUORVQLYHOHVGHGHFLVLyQVHFXHQFLDORHWDSDV VHSDUDUODVYDULDEOHVHQYDULDEOHVGHHVWDGR\YDULDEOHVGHGHFLVLyQ GHILQLUXQDHFXDFLyQGHHVWDGR HVWDEOHFHUXQD)2TXHVHDVHSDUDEOHRVHDVHFXHQFLDO LPSRQHUUHVWULFFLRQHVODVTXHWDPELpQGHEHUiQVHUVHSDUDEOHVSRUHWDSDV (WDSDN YLUWXDO &8$'(5126GHO&85,+$09ROGR6HPHVWUH 9HQWDMDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOD3' /D3'WLHQHDOJXQDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHODKDFHQDWUDFWLYDSDUDSUREOHPDVGRQGHOR TXHVHEXVFDHVXQDGHFLVLyQVHFXHQFLDO$OJXQDVGHHVWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVRQ&LIUHV D QRHVQHFHVDULRQLQJ~Q UHTXLVLWR GH OLQHDOLGDG QL HQ OD )2 QL HQ ODV UHVWULFFLRQHVOR TXHVtHVQHFHVDULRSRUHMHPSORHQORVSUREOHPDVGHSURJUDPDFLyQOLQHDO E OD )2 QL VLTXLHUD SUHFLVD VH WDO SXGLHQGR LQFOXVLYH HVWDU FRPSXHVWD SRU YDORUHV GLVFUHWRV F FRP~QPHQWHODVROXFLyQGHORVSUREOHPDVQRUHVXOWDHQXQD~QLFDSROtWLFDySWLPDVLQR HQ XQ FRQMXQWR GH VROXFLRQHV ySWLPDV HQ IXQFLyQ GHO HVWDGR GHO VLVWHPD OR TXH HV HVSHFLDOPHQWHDWUDFWLYRSDUDUHVROYHUSUREOHPDVGHUHFXUVRVKtGULFRVHQWLHPSRUHDO &RPHQWDULRVVREUHHO¦352*',1§ (VWH FyGLJR FRPSXWDFLRQDO H[WUHPDPHQWH VLPSOH WLHQH OD FDSDFLGDG GH UHVROYHU ORV SUREOHPDV TXH WUDWDQ VREUH DVLJQDFLyQ GH UHFXUVRV )2 DGLWLYD \ VyOR XQD YDULDEOH GH HVWDGR (QHOFDVRGHGRVYDULDEOHVGHHVWDGRHOHVSDFLRGHGHFLVLyQGHMDGHVHUXQSODQR SDUDWUDQVIRUPDUVHHQXQSROLHGURWDOFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODILJXUD (VWDGR (VWDGR (WDSD (WDSDV )LJXUD 3UREOHPDVFRQGRVYDULDEOHVGHHVWDGR (VWRV SUREOHPDV VRQ GH XQD VROXFLyQ DOJRUtWPLFD PX\ FRPSOLFDGD \D TXH DGROHFHQ GH OR TXH %HOOPDQ OODPy GH ¦SODJD GH OD GLPHQVLRQDOLGDG§ SXHV HO Q~PHUR GH QXGRVSRVLEOHVDXPHQWDH[SRQHQFLDOPHQWHFRQHOQ~PHURGHGLPHQVLRQHVGHOSUREOHPD /D3URJUDPDFLRQ'LQDPLFD$SOLFDGDD/RV5HFXUVRV+LGULFRV /D ELEOLRJUDItD FLWD DOJXQRV HVTXHPDV SDUD UHGXFLU KHXUtVWLFDPHQWH HVWD GLPHQVLRQDOLGDG XWLOL]DFLyQ GH PXOWLSOLFDGRUHV GH /DJUDQMH +DOO \ 'UDFXS SURJUDPDFLyQ GLVFUHWD LQFUHPHQWDO SURJUDPDFLyQ GLQiPLFD GLIHUHQFLDO GLVFUHWD HWF %DUURV GLVPLQXFLyQ SURJUHVLYD GHO WDPDxR GH GLVFUHWL]DFLyQ SHUWXUEDFLyQ GH WUD\HFWRULDV DSUR[LPDFLRQHV VXFHVLYDVHWF&LIUHV (ODOJRULWPRTXH XWLOL]DHO ¦352*',1§DO HQXPHUDU ORV HVWDGRV YLDEOHVHQ FDGD HWDSD SHUPLWLUtD UHSUHVHQWDU HVWH WLSR GH SUREOHPDV HQ XQ HVSDFLR ELGLPHQVLRQDO 6LQ HPEDUJRHVQHFHVDULRXQDGLVFUHWL]DFLyQGHHVWRVHVWDGRVYLDEOHV 5()(5(1&,$6%,%/,2*5$),&$6 %$552607/$SURJUDPDomRGLQkPLFDDSOLFDGDj(QJHQKDULDGHUHFXUVRV KtGULFRV,Q7e&1,&$6TXDQWLWDWLYDVSDUDJHUHQFLDPHQWRGHUHFXUVRVKtGULFRV3RUWR $OHJUH(GGD8QLYHUVLGDGH8)5*6$%5+S %5216215,QYHVWLJDFLyQ GH RSHUDFLRQHV0p[LFR0F*UDZ+LOOS &,)5(6*LPpQH](3URJUDPDFLyQGLQiPLFD\DSOLFDFLRQHV,Q$1'5(8 $/9$5(=-HG&RQFHSWRV \ PpWRGRV SDUD OD SODQLILFDFLyQ KLGUROyJLFD%DUFHORQD &HQWUR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH0pWRGRV1XPpULFRVHQ,QJHQLHUtDS &2//,6&+211:3,/$5-9&DPLQKRVGHPtQLPRFXVWRQRSURMHWRGHFDQDLV GHLUULJDomR7UDEDMRDVHUSXEOLFDGRHQORVDQDOHVGHO&RQJUHVR%UDVLOHLURGH (QJHQKDULD$JULFROD¤&21%($DGHVDUUROODUVHHQMXOLRGHHQODFLXGDGGH 3HORWDV56%UDVLO +$//:'5$&83-,QJHQLHUtD GH VLVWHPDV HQ ORV UHFXUVRV KLGUiXOLFRV 0p[LFR0F*UDZ+LOOS 7$+$+$,QYHVWLJDFLyQ GH RSHUDFLRQHVHG0p[LFR$OIDRPHJDS 9(176(/(6,QYHVWLJDFLyQ GH RSHUDFLRQHV SUREOHPDV SULQFLSLRV PHWRGRORJtD 0RVF~0,5S :$*1(5+03HVTXLVD RSHUDFLRQDOHG5LRGH-DQHLUR3UHQWLFH+DOOS