Manual de Instrucciones de Válvulas Internas de Tipos

Anuncio
9iOYXODV ,QWHUQDV GH 7LSRV
&&\&
0DQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
0&.
-XQLR
0DQXDOGH,QVWUXFFLRQHVGH9iOYXODV,QWHUQDVGH
7LSRV&&\&
$'9(57(1&,$
1RVHJXLUHVWDVLQVWUXFFLRQHVQL
LQVWDODU\PDQWHQHUGHELGDPHQWHHVWRV
HTXLSRVSRGUtDSURGXFLUXQDH[SORVLyQ
\RXQLQFHQGLRTXHRFDVLRQDUtDGDxRV
DODSURSLHGDG\OHVLRQHVSHUVRQDOHVR
ODPXHUWH
/RVHTXLSRV)LVKHUGHEHQLQVWDODUVH
RSHUDUVH\PDQWHQHUVHGHDFXHUGR
FRQORVFyGLJRVIHGHUDOHVHVWDWDOHV
\ORFDOHV\FRQODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVGH
)LVKHU(QODPD\RUtDGHORVHVWDGRVOD
LQVWDODFLyQGHEHWDPELpQFXPSOLUFRQ
ODVQRUPDV1)3$1RR$16,.
6yORHOSHUVRQDOFDSDFLWDGRHQORV
SURFHGLPLHQWRVFyGLJRVQRUPDV\
UHJXODFLRQHVDGHFXDGDVGHODVLQGXVWULDV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVGHEHLQVWDODU\SUHVWDU
VHUYLFLRDHVWRVHTXLSRV
&
/DYiOYXODLQWHUQDGHEHHVWDUFHUUDGD
H[FHSWRGXUDQWHODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHO
SURGXFWR8QDUXSWXUDGHOtQHDDJXDV
DEDMRGHXQDERPEDSXHGHQRDFFLRQDU
ODYiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMR6LRFXUUH
DOJXQDUXSWXUDHQHOVLVWHPDRVLVHFLHUUD
ODYiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRHOVLVWHPD
GHEHDSDJDUVHGHLQPHGLDWR
&
)LJXUD6HULH&
(VSHFL¿FDFLRQHV
,QWURGXFFLyQ
/DVHVSHFL¿FDFLRQHVSDUDODVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDV&&
\&DSDUHFHQHQODHVSLFL¿FDFLRQHV
(VWHPDQXDODERUGDODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVSDUDODVYiOYXODV
LQWHUQDVHQURVFDGDV&&\&
'HVFULSFLyQ
/DVYiOYXODVVHXWLOL]DQSRUORJHQHUDOHQODVHQWUDGDV\
VDOLGDVGHFDPLRQHVFRQDXWRWDQTXHV\VHPLUUHPROTXHV\HQ
WDQTXHVGHDOPDFHQDPLHQWRHVWDFLRQDULRVJUDQGHV7DPELpQ
SXHGHQLQVWDODUVHHQOtQHD'LVHxDGDVSDUDSURSDQREXWDQR
R1+DWHPSHUDWXUDVDPELHQWHODVYiOYXODVSXHGHQXWLOL]DUVH
FRQRWURVJDVHVFRPSULPLGRVSHURHOXVXDULRGHEHYHUL¿FDU
FRQODIiEULFDSDUDDVHJXUDUVHGHTXHODVYiOYXODVVHDQ
DGHFXDGDVSDUDHOVHUYLFLRHQSDUWLFXODU
5HTXLVLWRSDUDYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGHGHWHQFLyQ
SRUFLHUUHDXWRPiWLFRGH'27²/RVUHJODPHQWRV
&)5†DGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH7UDQVSRUWH
'27GHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVH[LJHQTXHWRGDVDOLGD
GHGHVFDUJDGHYDSRUHQORVWDQTXHVGHFDUJDDH[FHSFLyQ
GHORVWDQTXHVGHFDUJDXWLOL]DGRVSDUDHOWUDQVSRUWHGHFORUR
GLy[LGRGHFDUERQROtTXLGRUHIULJHUDGR\FLHUWRVWDQTXHVGH
FDUJDFHUWL¿FDGRVDQWHVGHOGHHQHURGHFXHQWH
FRQXQDYiOYXODLQWHUQDGHGHWHQFLyQGHFLHUUHDXWRPiWLFR
/DVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGHODVHULH³&´GH)LVKHUFXPSOHQ
FRQHOUHTXLVLWRGHYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGHGHWHQFLyQGHFLHUUH
DXWRPiWLFRGHDFXHUGRFRQORVUHJODPHQWRVGH'27
ZZZ),6+(5UHJXODWRUVFRPOS
'7(63
$OFDQFHGHO0DQXDO
9iOYXODV,QWHUQDVGH7LSRV
&&\&
(VSHFL¿FDFLRQHV
7DPDxRGH&DUFDVD\(VWLORGH&RQH[LyQGHORV
([WUHPRV
(QWUDGD0137GHySXOJDGDV'1y
6DOLGD)137GHySXOJDGDV'1y
&DQWLGDGGH6DOLGDV
&DSDFLGDGHVGH7HPSHUDWXUDGH0DWHULDOHV
ƒDƒ)Dƒ&
0DWHULDOGH&DUFDVD
&ODGR
&\&+LHUURG~FWLO
&ODGR\IURQWDO
&:&%GHDFHURIXQGLGR
&IURQWDO
3HVR$SUR[LPDGR
5HVRUWHV3DUD([FHVRGH)OXMR
)OXMRVGHDFRSODPLHQWRPHGLR 7DPDxRVGHSXOJDGDV'1\*30
\OPLQ
7DPDxRVGHSXOJDGDV'1
\*30\OPLQ
)OXMRVGHDFRSODPLHQWRFRPSOHWR
7DPDxRVGHSXOJDGDV'1\*30
\OPLQ
7DPDxRVGHSXOJDGDV'1\
*30 \OPLQ
,QVWDODFLyQ
0RQWDMH\7XEHUtDV
/DVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVSXHGHQLQVWDODUVHHQDFRSODPLHQWR
FRPSOHWRRPHGLR/DVYHORFLGDGHVGHÀXMRGHFLHUUHGHO
UHVRUWHGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRYDUtDQHQORVDFRSODPLHQWRV
PHGLR\FRPSOHWRFRQVXOWHODVHVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV
35(&$8&,Ï1
/DVYHORFLGDGHVGHÀXMRGHFLHUUHGHOD
YiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRQRVRQODVPLVPDV
SDUDORVDFRSODPLHQWRVPHGLR\FRPSOHWR
9HUL¿TXHHODFRSODPLHQWRSDUDODYHORFLGDG
GHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGHVHDGD
1RLQVWDOHODYiOYXODHQQLQJXQDWXEHUtDTXH
WLHQGDDUHVWULQJLUODHQWUDGDGHODYiOYXOD
\DTXHHVWRSXHGHLPSHGLUTXHVHFLHUUHOD
YiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMR
1RLQVWDOHODYiOYXODFRQXQDWRUVLyQWDOTXH
HODFRSODPLHQWRSXHGDKDFHUHQURVFDGRVHQ
ODYiOYXOD(VWRSRGUtDSURGXFLUGLVWRUVLyQGH
ODYiOYXOD\DIHFWDUODVSLH]DVTXHIXQFLRQDQ
HQHOLQWHULRU
1RXWLOLFHFLQWDGH7)(\DTXHSXHGH
SURGXFLUURFHHQHOHQURVFDGR
3UHVLyQGH(QWUDGD0i[LPD3HUPLWLGD
36,*EDU:2*
7DPDxRVGHSXOJDGDV
&OEVNJ
&OEVNJ
&OEVNJ
7DPDxRVGHSXOJDGDV
&OEVNJ
&OEVNJ
&OEVNJ
8WLOLFHXQFRPSXHVWRDGHFXDGRSDUDWXEHUtDVHQHO
HQURVFDGRPDFKRGHODYiOYXOD\WXEHUtDVLQWHUQDV&RQOD
PDQRFRORTXHODYiOYXODHQHODFRSODPLHQWR\OXHJRFRQ
XQDOODYHGpOHDOUHGHGRUGHGRVJLURVDGLFLRQDOHVSDUD
GHMDUODDSUHWDGD/DVYiOYXODVGHWDPDxRPD\RUSXHGHQ
UHTXHULUXQDFDQWLGDGDGLFLRQDOGHWRUVLyQSDUDORJUDUXQD
FRQH[LyQVLQIXJDV
0DQWHQJDODWXEHUtDGHVGHODVDOLGDGHODYiOYXODKDVWD
ODERPEDHQVXWDPDxRFRPSOHWR\ORPiVFRUWRSRVLEOH
FRQXQDFDQWLGDGPtQLPDGHiQJXORV/DUHGXFFLyQGHO
WDPDxRGHODWXEHUtDSDUDDMXVWDUVHDHQWUDGDVGHERPEDV
PiVSHTXHxDVGHEHKDFHUVHORPiVFHUFDSRVLEOHDOD
ERPEDXVDQGRUHGXFWRUHVIRUMDGRVQLSOHVGHERWHOODR
DKXVDPLHQWRVYHQWXULHQOXJDUGHFDVTXLOORV(VWRJDUDQWL]D
XQDUHVLVWHQFLDPtQLPDDOÀXMR\XQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRH¿FLHQWH
GHODERPED
/DVYiOYXODVWLHQHQXQDVHFFLyQGHVHSDUDFLyQEDMRHO
HQURVFDGRGHODWXEHUtDGHHQWUDGDTXHHVWiGLVHxDGRSDUD
SHUPLWLUTXHODFDUFDVDGHODYiOYXODLQIHULRUVHGHVSUHQGD
HQXQDFFLGHQWH\GHMHHODVLHQWRGHODYiOYXODHQHOWDQTXH
/DVHFFLyQGHGHVSUHQGLPLHQWRHVWiGLVHxDGDSDUD
LQVWDODFLRQHVGHUHFLSLHQWHV\HVSUREDEOHTXHQR
SURSRUFLRQHHVWDSURWHFFLyQVLODYiOYXODVHLQVWDODHQ
XQDWXEHUtD
1RHVQHFHVDULRLQVWDODUXQDYiOYXODGHDOLYLRKLGURVWiWLFD
MXQWRDODYiOYXOD\DTXHODYiOYXODLQWHUQDDOLYLDODSUHVLyQ
H[FHVLYDGHODOtQHDKDFLDHOWDQTXH
9iOYXODV ,QWHUQDV GH 7LSRV
&&\&
/OHQDGR6HOHFWLYRGH7DQTXHVFRQ0~OWLSOH
)XQFLRQDPLHQWR$QWH([FHVRGH)OXMR
/DVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGH)LVKHUSURSRUFLRQDQFLHUUH
SRVLWLYRVyORHQXQDGLUHFFLyQGHVGHHOWDQTXH\DJXDV
GHEDMRGHODYiOYXOD/DVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVHVWiQ
GLVHxDGDVSDUDSHUPLWLUTXHHOJDVÀX\DKDFLDXQWDQTXH
FXDQGRODSUHVLyQGHODOtQHDGHDJXDVDEDMRH[FHGHOD
SUHVLyQGHOWDQTXH6LGHVHDOOHQDUVHOHFWLYDPHQWHXQRR
PiVGHORVRWURVWDQTXHVHQXQVLVWHPDFRQP~OWLSOHGH
WDQTXHGHEHFRORFDUXQDYiOYXODGHFLHUUHSRVLWLYRDJXDV
GHEDMRGHODYiOYXODLQWHUQDGHORFRQWUDULRVHOOHQDUiQ
WRGRVORVWDQTXHVDOPLVPRWLHPSR\FRQPiVRPHQRVOD
PLVPDYHORFLGDG
/DYiOYXODLQWHUQDFXHQWDFRQXQDIXQFLyQSDUDH[FHVR
GHÀXMRR³YiOYXODLQWHJUDODQWHH[FHVRGHÀXMR´TXH
VHFHUUDUiFXDQGRHOÀXMRVXSHUHODFODVL¿FDFLyQGH
ÀXMRHVWDEOHFLGDSRU)LVKHU/DYiOYXODLQWHJUDOSDUD
H[FHVRGHÀXMRLQVWDODGDHQXQFDPLyQFRQDXWRWDQTXH
RVHPLUUHPROTXHSXHGHSURSRUFLRQDUSURWHFFLyQ
FRQWUDODGHVFDUJDGHPDWHULDOHVSHOLJURVRVGXUDQWHOD
RSHUDFLyQGHGHVFDUJDGHXQFDPLyQFRQDXWRWDQTXH
RVHPLUUHPROTXHHQFDVRGHTXHXQDERPEDR
WXEHUtDFRQHFWDGDGLUHFWDPHQWHDODYiOYXODLQWHUQDVH
GHVSUHQGDDQWHVGHTXHODSULPHUDYiOYXODERPEDR
DGDSWDGRUGHDJXDVGHEDMRGHODYiOYXODLQWHUQDFRQ
ODFRQGLFLyQGHTXHODSUHVLyQGHOWDQTXHGHFDUJD
SURGX]FDXQÀXMRPD\RUTXHODFODVL¿FDFLyQGHH[FHVRGH
ÀXMRGHODYiOYXOD
$FFLRQDGRUHV
(OVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRUHPRWRSDUDOD
YiOYXODHVHQH[WUHPRLPSRUWDQWH\GHEHLQVWDODUVHSDUD
DFDWDUORVFyGLJRVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV'270&SRU
HMHPSORULJHHQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVSDUDORVFDPLRQHV
)LVKHURIUHFHFRQWUROHVGHFDEOHV\VLVWHPDVGHFLOLQGURV
GHDLUHSDUDRSHUDUODVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGHODVHULH&
7DPELpQSXHGHVHUSRVLEOHXVDUFRQWUROHVGHFDEOHVGHRWURV
IDEULFDQWHVRGLVHxDUXQPHFDQLVPRGHHQODFH
7RGRVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROH[LJHSURWHFFLyQWpUPLFDHOHPHQWR
IXVLEOHHQODYiOYXODHQHOSXQWRGHFRQWUROUHPRWR\VL
IXHUDQHFHVDULRFHUFDGHODVFRQH[LRQHVGHPDQJXHUDV
/RVPDQXDOHVGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHORVVLVWHPDVGH
DFFLRQDGRUHVGH)LVKHU&RQWUROVOHLQGLFDQFyPRLQVWDODU
ORVHQODFHVGHIXVLEOHV
/DVLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHLQVWDODFLyQGHFRQWUROHVGHFDEOH
33$\3$GH)LVKHUDSDUHFHQHQHOIRUPXODULR
0&./DLQVWDODFLyQGHODFFLRQDGRUGHFLOLQGURGHDLUH
DSDUHFHHQHOIRUPXODULR0&./DVLQVWUXFFLRQHVGH
HQJDQFKHOLEHUDFLyQUHPRWDGHOWLSR3DSDUHFHQHQHO
IRUPXODULR0&.
(OHQODFHRSHUDWLYRGHEHSHUPLWLUTXHODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYD
VHWUDVODGHGHODSRVLFLyQGHFLHUUHFRPSOHWRDPHQRVGH
ƒGHODSRVLFLyQGHDEHUWXUDFRPSOHWD(OHQODFHQRGHEH
DSOLFDUIXHU]DLQWHQVDDODSDODQFDPiVDOOiGHODSRVLFLyQGH
DEHUWXUDFRPSOHWDRSRGUtDGDxDUVHODYiOYXOD
35(&$8&,Ï1
(OUHVRUWHGHFLHUUHGHODYiOYXODLQWHUQDQR
HVWiGLVHxDGRSDUDVXSHUDUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHO
HQODFHGHFRQWUROD¿QGHFHUUDUODYiOYXOD
6HJ~QHOVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROTXHVHXWLOLFH
SXHGHQHFHVLWDUVHXQUHVRUWHH[WHUQRFRPR
HQHOGLEXMRGH)LVKHUQ~PHUR.RXQ
HQODFHGHFLHUUHSRVLWLYR$VHJ~UHVHGHTXH
HVWpLQVWDODGRHOVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROSDUD
SUHYHQLUHODJOXWLQDPLHQWRTXHSRGUtDKDFHU
TXHODYiOYXODTXHGHDWDVFDGDHQODSRVLFLyQ
GHDEHUWXUD
'HOPLVPRPRGRVLODYiOYXODLQWHUQDHVWiLQVWDODGDHQ
XQWDQTXHHVWDFLRQDULRRHQHOVLVWHPDUHODFLRQDGRGH
WXEHUtDVGHDJXDVDEDMRODYiOYXODLQWHJUDOGHH[FHVRGH
ÀXMRSXHGHSURSRUFLRQDUSURWHFFLyQFRQWUDXQDOLEHUDFLyQ
DFFLGHQWDOGHPDWHULDOHVSHOLJURVRVHQFDVRGHTXHXQD
ERPEDRWXEHUtDFRQHFWDGDGLUHFWDPHQWHDODYiOYXOD
LQWHUQDVHGHVSUHQGDDQWHVTXHODSULPHUDYiOYXOD
ERPEDRDGDSWDGRUGHDJXDVGHEDMRGHDOYiOYXOD
LQWHUQDFRQODFRQGLFLyQGHTXHHOÀXMRGHSURGXFWR
SRUODYiOYXODLQWHUQDDOFDQFHHOÀXMRGHODFODVL¿FDFLyQ
HVSHFL¿FDGRSRU)LVKHU
3(/,*52'((;3/26,Ï1
/DUHVWULFFLRQHVLQFRUSRUDGDVHQHO
VLVWHPDGHGHVFDUJDGHXQFDPLyQ
FRQDXWRWDQTXHRVHPLUUHPROTXHRGH
XQWDQTXHHVWDFLRQDULRGHELGRDODV
ERPEDVODUJR\GLPHQVLRQHVGHWXEHUtD\
PDQJXHUDHPSDOPHVFRGRVUHGXFFLRQHV
GHOGLiPHWURGHODWXEHUtDRXQDVHULHGH
RWUDVYiOYXODVRDGDSWDGRUHVHQOtQHD
SUHVLyQRSHUDWLYDEDMDFRPRUHVXOWDGR
GHODWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHRXQDYiOYXOD
SDUFLDOPHQWHFHUUDGDDJXDVGHEDMRGHOD
YiOYXODLQWHJUDOGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRSXHGH
UHVWULQJLUHOÀXMRSRUODYiOYXODLQWHUQDSRU
GHEDMRGHOQLYHOQHFHVDULRSDUDDFFLRQDUOD
YiOYXODLQWHJUDOGHH[FHVRGHÀXMR3RUOR
WDQWR1287,/,&(ODIXQFLyQGHH[FHVRGH
ÀXMRGHODYiOYXODLQWHUQDFRQHOREMHWLYRGH
SURSRUFLRQDUSURWHFFLyQFRQWUDODGHVFDUJD
GHPDWHULDOHVSHOLJURVRVHQFDVRGHXQD
UXSWXUDGHPDQJXHUDRWXEHUtDHQXQSXQWR
GHOVLVWHPDGHGHVFDUJDDJXDVGHEDMRGHOD
SULPHUDYiOYXODERPEDRDGDSWDGRUDJXDV
GHEDMRGHODYiOYXODLQWHUQD
9iOYXODV,QWHUQDVGH7LSRV
&&\&
/DYiOYXODLQWHUQDHVWiGLVHxDGDFRQXQD
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHSXUJDGRLQWHUQRSDUD
HFXDOL]DUODSUHVLyQ/XHJRGHTXHVH
FLHUUHODYiOYXODLQWHJUDOGHH[FHVRGHÀXMR
GHEHFRQWURODUVHODIXJDSRUHOSXUJDGR
SDUDHYLWDUULHVJRV3RUHVWHPRWLYRHO
RSHUDGRUGHEHHVWDUHQFRQRFLPLHQWRGH
ORVFRQWUROHVGHFLHUUHSDUDODYiOYXOD
LQWHUQD\GHEHFHUUDUODYiOYXODLQWHUQD
LQPHGLDWDPHQWHGHVSXpVGHTXHVHFLHUUH
ODYiOYXODLQWHJUDOGHH[FHVRGHÀXMR
1RDFDWDUHVWDDGYHUWHQFLDSRGUtDSURGXFLU
VHULDVOHVLRQHVSHUVRQDOHVRGDxRVDOD
SURSLHGDGGHELGRDXQLQFHQGLRRD
XQDH[SORVLyQ
5HTXLVLWRGHHTXLSRVGHDSDJDGRSDVLYRGH'27²
/RVUHJODPHQWRV&)5†QGH'27
H[LJHQTXHFLHUWRVWDQTXHVGHFDUJDTXHWUDQVSRUWHQ
SURSDQRDPRQtDFRDQKLGUR\RWURVJDVHVFRPSULPLGRV
OLFXDGRVGHEHQFRQWDUFRQHTXLSRVGHFRQWUROSDVLYRGH
GHVFDUJDGHHPHUJHQFLDTXHFLHUUHQDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH
HOÀXMRGHOSURGXFWRVLQLQWHUYHQFLyQKXPDQDGHQWUR
GHXQODSVRGHVHJXQGRVGHSURGXFLGDODOLEHUDFLyQ
DFFLGHQWDOFDXVDGDSRUHOGHVSUHQGLPLHQWRFRPSOHWR
GHXQDPDQJXHUDGHGLVWULEXFLyQ(OGLVHxRGHXQ
VLVWHPDGHDSDJDGRSDVLYRGHEHVHUFHUWL¿FDGRSRUXQ
,QJHQLHURGH&HUWL¿FDFLyQGH'LVHxR'&(\WRGRVORV
FRPSRQHQWHVGHOVLVWHPDGHGHVFDUJDTXHVRQLQWHJUDOHV
DOGLVHxRGHEHQLQFOXLUVHHQODFHUWL¿FDFLyQGHO'&(/D
FHUWL¿FDFLyQGHO'&(GHEHFRQVLGHUDUWRGDHVSHFL¿FDFLyQ
GHOIDEULFDQWHGHOFRPSRQHQWHRULJLQDO
(QFDVRGHODVUXSWXUDVGHDJXDVDEDMRHQODPDQJXHUD
RODWXEHUtDXQDVHULHGHFRQGLFLRQHVRSHUDWLYDVTXH
VHHQFXHQWUDQKDELWXDOPHQWHGXUDQWHXQDRSHUDFLyQGH
GHVFDUJDUHVWULQJHQODYHORFLGDGGHOÀXMRSRUODYiOYXOD
LQWHJUDOGHH[FHVRGHÀXMR\KDFHQTXHXQDYiOYXOD
LQDGHFXDGDVLUYDFRPRPHGLRGHODSDJDGRSDVLYRH[LJLGR
HQ&)5†Q'LFKDVYDULDEOHVLQFOX\HQ
UHVWULFFLRQHVLQFRUSRUDGDVHQHOVLVWHPDGHGHVFDUJD
GHELGRDODVERPEDVODUJR\GLPHQVLRQHVGHWXEHUtD\
PDQJXHUDHPSDOPHVFRGRVUHGXFFLRQHVGHOGLiPHWURGH
ODWXEHUtDRXQDVHULHGHRWURVYiOYXODVRDGDSWDGRUHVHQ
OtQHDSUHVLyQRSHUDWLYDEDMDFRPRUHVXOWDGRGHODYiOYXOD
GHH[FHVRGHÀXMR'HELGRDODJDPDGHFRQGLFLRQHV
HQFDVRGHOGHVSUHQGLPLHQWRGHXQDPDQJXHUDORTXH
SXHGHUHVWULQJLUODYHORFLGDGGHÀXMRSRUGHEDMRGHOQLYHO
QHFHVDULRSDUDDFWLYDUODYiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMROD
IXQFLyQLQWHJUDOGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGHODVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDV
GHODVHULH³&´RGHODVYiOYXODVGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGH
ODVHULH³)´GH)LVKHUQRSXHGHXVDUVHSDUDVDWLVIDFHU
HOUHTXLVLWRGHHTXLSRGHDSDJDGRSDVLYRHVWLSXODGR
HQ&)5†Q$VLPLVPRXQ,QJHQLHURGH
&HUWL¿FDFLyQGH'LVHxRQRSXHGHLQFOXLUODYiOYXODLQWHJUDO
GHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGHXQDYiOYXODLQWHUQDGHODVHULH³&´
RXQDYiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGHODVHULH³)´GH)LVKHU
FRPRXQFRPSRQHQWHGHOVLVWHPDGHGHVFDUJDHQQLQJXQD
FHUWL¿FDFLyQVHJ~Q&)5†Q
3(/,*52'((;3/26,Ï1
1287,/,&(ODIXQFLyQGHH[FHVR
GHÀXMRLQFRUSRUDGDHQODVYiOYXODV
LQWHUQDVGHODVHULH³&´RHQODVYiOYXODV
GHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGHODVHULH³)´GH
)LVKHUSDUDVDWLVIDFHUHOUHTXLVLWRVREUH
HTXLSRVGHDSDJDGRSDVLYRHVWLSXODGR
HQ&)5†Q12LQFOX\DOD
IXQFLyQGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRLQFRUSRUDGD
HQODVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGHODVHULH
³&´RHQODVYiOYXODVGHH[FHVRGH
ÀXMRGHODVHULH³)´GH)LVKHUHQXQD
FHUWL¿FDFLyQGH'&(HVWLSXODGDHQ
&)5†Q(OIDEULFDQWHGHO
WDQTXHGHFDUJDGHEHLQVWDODUDOJ~Q
RWURHTXLSRTXHVDWLVIDJDHOUHTXLVLWRGH
FDSDFLGDGGHDSDJDGRSDVLYRHVWLSXODGR
HQ&)5†Q
1RDFDWDUHVWDDGYHUWHQFLDSRGUtD
SURGXFLUVHULDVOHVLRQHVSHUVRQDOHVR
GDxRVDODSURSLHGDGFRPRUHVXOWDGRGH
XQLQFHQGLRRXQDH[SORVLyQHQFDVRGH
XQDOLEHUDFLyQDFFLGHQWDOGHOSURGXFWR
GXUDQWHXQDRSHUDFLyQGHGHVFDUJD
)XQFLRQDPLHQWR
'HELGRDTXHODVHULH&QRVHDEUHDPHQRVTXHOD
SUHVLyQGHDJXDVDEDMRSXHGDDFXPXODUVHKDVWDLJXDODUOD
SUHVLyQGHHQWUDGDHVLPSRUWDQWHFRQWDUFRQXQDVHFXHQFLD
RSHUDWLYDTXHJDUDQWLFHODHFXDOL]DFLyQ
6LJDHVWDVLQGLFDFLRQHV
1XQFDGHEHQDEULUVHODV&HQDXWRWDQTXHV\
VHPLUUHPROTXHVFXDQGRHOFDPLyQHVWpHQPRYLPLHQWR6L
HOVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROQRHVWiHQFODYDGRSDUDLPSHGLUHVWR
HORSHUDGRUHVUHVSRQVDEOHGHYHUL¿FDUTXHODVYiOYXODV
HVWpQFHUUDGDV
$EUDVLHPSUHODYiOYXODLQWHUQDDQWHVGHDEULU
FXDOTXLHURWUDYiOYXODHQODOtQHDRGHHFKDUDDQGDUODERPED
0XHYDODSDODQFDDODSRVLFLyQGHDEHUWXUDPHGLD
¿JXUDYLVWDSDUDHFXDOL]DUODSUHVLyQ&XDQGROD
PXxHFDSULQFLSDOVHDEUDPXHYDODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDDOD
SRVLFLyQGHDEHUWXUDFRPSOHWD
$EUDODVYiOYXODVGHODOtQHDSRUFRPSOHWRSDUDHYLWDU
DXPHQWRVUHSHQWLQRVGHÀXMRTXHSRGUtDQKDFHUFHUUDU
YLROHQWDPHQWHODYiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMR
6LVHDEUHODYiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGHWHQJDOD
ERPED\FLHUUHODYiOYXODGHDJXDVDEDMRPiVFHUFDQD
9XHOYDDSRQHUODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDGHODYiOYXODLQWHUQD
HQODSRVLFLyQGHHFXDOL]DFLyQUiSLGD\HVSHUHTXHVH
DEUDODYiOYXODFRQXQFKDVTXLGR$FRQWLQXDFLyQSRQJDOD
SDODQFDRSHUDWLYDHQODSRVLFLyQGHDEHUWXUDFRPSOHWD\
DEUDOHQWDPHQWHODYiOYXODGHDJXDVDEDMR
9iOYXODV ,QWHUQDV GH 7LSRV
&&\&
385*$'2
385*$'2
/,0,7$'2
385*$'2
)/8-2
385*$'2
/,0,7$'2
)/8-2
7
9È/98/$&(55$'$
385*$'25È3,'2
$%,(572
9È/98/$$%,(57$
9È/98/$'((;&(62
'()/8-2&(55$'$
)LJXUD(VTXHPD2SHUDFLRQDO
7RGDVODVYiOYXODVGHEHQHVWDUFRPSOHWDPHQWH
DELHUWDVDOERPEHDU/DVYiOYXODVGHOWLSRGH
HVWUDQJXODFLyQSRGUtDQLPSHGLUTXHVHFLHUUHODYiOYXODGH
H[FHVRGHÀXMRFXDQGRVHDQHFHVDULR
(ORSHUDGRUGHEHHVWDUVLHPSUHHQFRQRFLPLHQWR
GHODXELFDFLyQGHORVFRQWUROHVGHFLHUUHUHPRWR\GH
FyPRRSHUDUORVFRQWUROHVVLXQDHPHUJHQFLDH[LJHHO
FLHUUHGHODVYiOYXODV&XDQGRVHFRPSOHWHODDFFLyQ
GHERPEHDGRDFRVW~PEUHVHDFHUUDUODYiOYXODLQWHUQD
GHVGHHOSXQWRGHFLHUUHUHPRWRD¿QGHYHUL¿FDUTXHHO
FRQWUROHVHIHFWLYDPHQWHFDSD]GHFHUUDUODYiOYXOD
/DYiOYXODGHEHDEULUVHDOKDFHUHOOOHQDGRLQYHUVR
SRUODYiOYXODKDFLDHOWDQTXH
6ROXFLyQGH3UREOHPDV
1RVH$EUHOD9iOYXOD,QWHUQD±(VWRSRGUtDGHEHUVHD
DOJXQDIXJDDJXDVDEDMRTXHKDFHIXQFLRQDUODERPED
GHPDVLDGRSURQWRRDGHVJDVWHH[FHVLYRHQODYiOYXOD
LQWHUQD6LHOYROXPHQH[FHVLYRHVHQHOVLVWHPDGH
DJXDVDEDMRVHQHFHVLWDPiVWLHPSRSDUDHFXDOL]DUODV
SUHVLRQHVWDQTXH\DJXDVDEDMRDQWHVGHTXHSXHGD
IXQFLRQDUODERPED3DUDGHWHUPLQDUVLVHHVWiDEULHQGR
HODVLHQWRGHOSLORWRGHODYiOYXODLQVWDOHXQPDQyPHWUR
DJXDVGHEDMRGHODYiOYXODKDJDIXQFLRQDUHODFFLRQDGRU
GHODYiOYXODVLQRODSUHVLyQQRDXPHQWDDOQLYHOGHOD
SUHVLyQGHOWDQTXHQRHVWiDELHUWRHODVLHQWRGHOSLORWR
GHODYiOYXOD(VWDSUXHEDGHEHKDFHUVHFRQODERPED
DSDJDGD6LHOSLORWRQRVHHVWiDEULHQGRHVSRVLEOHTXH
HVWpREVWUXLGRFRQWLHUUDRTXHDOJXQDSLH]DLQWHUQDHVWp
GHVFRPSXHVWD6LDORSHUDUPDQXDOPHQWHODSDODQFDpVWD
SXHGHKDFHUVHJLUDUPiVDOOiGHODSRVLFLyQGHDEHUWXUD
FRPSOHWDKD\DOJRTXHQRHVWiELHQLQWHUQDPHQWH\GHEH
GHVHQVDPEODUVHODYiOYXOD
&LHUUH3UHPDWXURGHOD9iOYXOD±(VWRSXHGHRFXUULU
DOKDFHUIXQFLRQDUGHPDVLDGRSURQWRODERPEDSRU
XQUHVRUWHGHODYiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRFRQXQD
FODVL¿FDFLyQPHQRURSRUXQDSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDGHOD
YiOYXODLQWHUQDFRQHFWDGDHQIRUPDLQGHELGDTXHQRDEUH
SRUFRPSOHWRODYiOYXOD(VWHSUREOHPDSRGUtDGHEHUVH
WDPELpQDXQDYiOYXODTXHWLHQHVXSXHUWRGHHQWUDGD
REVWUXLGRRSRUDXPHQWRVGHÀXMRUHSHQWLQRVHQODOtQHD$
¿QGHYHUL¿FDUHOUHFRUULGRGHDSHUWXUDGHODYiOYXODRSHUH
ODSDODQFDHQIRUPDPDQXDOKDVWDHOUHFRUULGRFRPSOHWR
HVSHUHKDVWDTXHVHDEUDODYiOYXODSRUORJHQHUDOHQ
DOUHGHGRUGHVHJXQGRV\OXHJRKDJDIXQFLRQDUOD
ERPED6LVHFLHUUDODYiOYXODGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGHEHQ
YHUL¿FDUVHORVSXQWRVPHQFLRQDGRVDQWHULRUPHQWH
1RVH&LHUUDOD9iOYXOD,QWHUQD±(OHMHGHPDQJXHWD
SRGUtDHVWDUDJOXWLQiQGRVHRHOYiVWDJRSRGUtDHVWDU
GREODGRHQODYiOYXOD$QWHVGHGHVHQVDPEODUODYiOYXOD
LQVSHFFLRQHHOPHFDQLVPRGHODFFLRQDGRUSDUDYHUVL
IXQFLRQDVLQSUREOHPDVGHVFRQHFWiQGRORGHODSDODQFDGH
ODYiOYXOD\SHUPLWLHQGRTXHKDJDYDULRVFLFORV$VLPLVPR
DFFLRQHPDQXDOPHQWHODSDODQFDGHODYiOYXOD6LVH
TXHGDDWDVFDGDHQODSRVLFLyQGHDEHUWXUDGHEHQ
UHHPSOD]DUVHHOHPSDTXHWDGR\ORVFDVTXLOORV&RQ
HVWRGHEHOLEHUDUVHHOPHFDQLVPRRSHUDWLYRVLQRVHKD
GDxDGRODYiOYXODLQWHUQDPHQWH&RQVXOWHODVHFFLyQ
GH³0DQWHQLPLHQWR´
&DSDFLGDGGH)OXMR%DMD±(VWRSRGUtDGHEHUVHDXQD
YiOYXODLQWHUQDGHPDVLDGRSHTXHxDWXEHUtDVGHDJXDV
DEDMRGHPDVLDGRSHTXHxDVRODUJDVPDOODVREVWUXLGDV
DOJXQDRWUDUHVWULFFLyQHQHOVLVWHPDGHDJXDVDEDMRR
DTXHXQDYiOYXODGHGHVYtRVHDWDVTXHHQODSRVLFLyQ
GHDEHUWXUD/DYiOYXODGHGHVYtRSRGUtDWDPELpQWHQHU
XQSDUiPHWURGHPDVLDGREDMR\HVWDUDEULpQGRVHHQ
IRUPDSUHPDWXUD
9iOYXODV,QWHUQDVGH7LSRV
&&\&
3ULQFLSLRVGHOD2SHUDFLyQ
&RQVXOWHHOGLEXMRHVTXHPiWLFR¿JXUD(QODYLVWD
ODYiOYXODVHPDQWLHQHFHUUDGDSRUODSUHVLyQGHOWDQTXH
\HOUHVRUWHGHFLHUUHGHODYiOYXOD1RKD\IXJDVPiVDOOi
GHORVUHVLVWHQWHVDVLHQWRVGHODPXxHFDKDFLDODVDOLGD
GHODYiOYXOD
/DYiOYXODVHDEUHPRYLHQGRODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDD
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHODPLWDGGHVXUHFRUULGRGHƒ
YLVWD(VWRSHUPLWHTXHODOHYDFRORTXHHOVHJPHQWR
GHHFXDOL]DFLyQUiSLGDGHOYiVWDJRGHODYiOYXODHQOD
DEHUWXUDGHSLORWRORTXHKDFHTXHVHSXUJXHDJXDV
DEDMRXQDFDQWLGDGGHSURGXFWRPD\RUTXHVLODSDODQFD
RSHUDWLYDVHPRYLHUDDODSRVLFLyQGHDEHUWXUDFRPSOHWD
&XDQGRODSUHVLyQGHOWDQTXH\GHDJXDVDEDMRVRQ
FDVLLJXDOHVGHVSXpVGHDOJXQRVVHJXQGRVHOUHVRUWH
GHH[FHVRGHÀXMRDEUHODPXxHFDSULQFLSDOYLVWD
\ODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDSXHGHPRYHUVHDODSRVLFLyQGH
DEHUWXUDFRPSOHWD
6LODSUHVLyQGHOWDQTXHHVPD\RUTXHODSUHVLyQGHVDOLGD
GHODYiOYXODODPXxHFDSULQFLSDOSHUPDQHFHUiHQOD
SRVLFLyQGHFLHUUH1RREVWDQWHVLODWXEHUtDGHVDOLGDGHOD
YiOYXODHVFHUUDGDSRURWUDVYiOYXODVDXPHQWDUiHOSXUJDGR
GHSURGXFWRSRUHOSLORWRKDVWDTXHFDVLVHLJXDOHODSUHVLyQ
GHOWDQTXH\VHDEUDODPXxHFDSULQFLSDO
1RWD
/DPXxHFDSULQFLSDOQRVHDEULUiVLQRVH
FLHUUDODWXEHUtDGHVDOLGDGHODYiOYXODSDUD
TXHODSUHVLyQGHVDOLGDSXHGDDSUR[LPDUVHDOD
SUHVLyQGHOWDQTXH
8QDYH]TXHVHDEUDODPXxHFDSULQFLSDOXQÀXMRPD\RU
TXHODFODVL¿FDFLyQGHOUHVRUWHGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRGHOD
YiOYXODRXQDXPHQWRVX¿FLHQWHGHÀXMRIXHU]DHOFLHUUHGH
ODPXxHFDSULQFLSDOFRQWUDHOUHVRUWHGHH[FHVRGHÀXMR
YLVWD/DYiOYXODGHSLORWRSHUPLWHHOSXUJDGRGHXQD
SHTXHxDFDQWLGDGGHSURGXFWRSHURPXFKRPHQRVTXH
ODYLVWDHQTXHHOVHJPHQWRGHHFXDOL]DFLyQUiSLGD
GHOYiVWDJRVHFRORFDHQODDEHUWXUDGHOSLORWR&XDQGR
VHPXHYHODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDDODSRVLFLyQGHFLHUUH
ODYiOYXODVHFLHUUDSRUFRPSOHWR\VHVHOODHQIRUPD
KHUPpWLFDYLVWD
0DQWHQLPLHQWR
35(&$8&,Ï1
1RXVHHVWDVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVVLSUHVHQWDQ
IXJDVVLQRIXQFLRQDQHQIRUPDDGHFXDGDVL
KDQUHVXOWDGRGDxDGDVRVLOHVIDOWDQSLH]DV
8QWpFQLFRFDSDFLWDGRGHVHUYLFLRGHEH
UHDOL]DURSRUWXQDPHQWHODVUHSDUDFLRQHV
(OXVRFRQWLQXRVLQUHSDUDFLRQHVSXHGH
SURGXFLUXQDVLWXDFLyQSHOLJURVDRGH
OHVLRQHVSHUVRQDOHV
8QVLPSOHSURJUDPDGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRSUHYHQWLYR
SDUDODYiOYXOD\VXVFRQWUROHVHOLPLQDUiXQDJUDQ
FDQWLGDGGHSRVLEOHVSUREOHPDV
)LVKHUUHFRPLHQGDTXHHVWDVDFFLRQHVVHUHDOLFHQ
XQDYH]DOPHV&RQVXOWHWDPELpQODVVHFFLRQHVGH
&)5\$QH[R$\%GHO'HSDUWDPHQWR
GH7UDQVSRUWH'27HQTXHVHHVSHFL¿FDQSUXHEDV
PHQVXDOHVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRHLQVSHFFLyQSDUD
YiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGHVHUYLFLRGHWDQTXHVGHFDUJD\
VXVFRQWUROHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWR
,QVSHFFLRQHODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDSDUDYHUTXH
IXQFLRQHVLQSUREOHPDV\TXHQRKD\DIXJDVDOUHGHGRUGH
ODWXHUFDGHUHWHQFLyQ6LVHDWDVFDUDRSUHVHQWDUDIXJDV
UHHPSODFHHOHPSDTXHWDGR\ORVFDVTXLOORV&RQVXOWH
5HHPSOD]RGHHPSDTXHWDGR
5HYLVHTXHORVGLVFRVGHORVDVLHQWRVHVWpQ
FHUUDGRVKHUPpWLFDPHQWH7RGDIXJDTXHVHGHWHFWHTXH
QRUPDOPHQWHVHGHEHDGHVJDVWHRWLHUUDHQHOGLVFR
FDVFDULOODRHVFRPEURVHPSRWUDGRVHQHOGLVFRH[LJH
TXHODYiOYXODLQWHUQDVHUHWLUHGHVHUYLFLR\VHUHSDUH
3RUORJHQHUDOODUHSDUDFLyQH[LJHHOUHHPSOD]RGHORV
GLVFRVGHODYiOYXOD3DUDYHUL¿FDUTXHQRKD\DIXJDV
D&LHUUHODYiOYXODLQWHUQD\HOLPLQHODSUHVLyQGHDJXDV
DEDMR&LHUUHODSULPHUDYiOYXODDJXDVGHEDMRGHOD
YiOYXODLQWHUQD\REVHUYHVLKD\DFXPXODFLyQGHSUHVLyQ
XVDQGRXQPDQyPHWURHQWUHODYiOYXODFHUUDGD\OD
YiOYXODLQWHUQD6LODWXEHUtDHVWiIUtDSHUPLWDTXHOOHJXH
DWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWH
E&RQVXOWHHQHO$QH[R%GHOD6HFFLyQGH&)5
ORVPpWRGRVGHSUXHEDGHVXELGDGHOPHGLGRU
'HEHQLQVSHFFLRQDUVHOLPSLDUVH\DFHLWDUVHWRGRV
ORVFRQWUROHVRSHUDWLYRV/RVFRQWUROHVGHEHQYHUL¿FDUVH
SDUDYHUTXHDEUDQFRPSOHWDPHQWHSHURQRKDJDQXQ
UHFRUULGRH[FHVLYRODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDGHODYiOYXOD
LQWHUQD\IXQFLRQHOLEUHPHQWHSDUDFHUUDUODYiOYXOD
/DVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGHHVWUXFWXUDFRQYHQFLRQDO
GHEHQUHWLUDUVHVLHOUHFLSLHQWHGHEHOLPSLDUVHD
YDSRU(OFDORUSXHGHGDxDUORVDVLHQWRV\ORVVHOORV
GHODYiOYXOD
/DVYiOYXODVLQWHUQDVGHHVWUXFWXUDFRQYHQFLRQDO
QRHVWiQGLVHxDGDVSDUDHOVHUYLFLRFRQDJXD
,QPHGLDWDPHQWHGHVSXpVGHHYDOXDUKLGURVWiWLFDPHQWH
XQUHFLSLHQWHUHWLUHWRGDHODJXD\SHUPLWDTXHHO
UHFLSLHQWHVHVHTXHSRUFRPSOHWR
/LPSLHHLQVSHFFLRQHHOWDPL]LQWHJUDOHQORV&
3DUDTXLWDUHOWDPL]SXUJXHSULPHURODVWXEHUtDVGHDJXDV
DEDMRUHWLUHORVSHUQRVGHEULGD\GHMHXQSHUQRLQVWDODGR
HQODFDUFDVD*LUHODEULGDƒOXHJRGHORFXDOVDOGUi
HOUHWHQHGRU\ODPDOOD/LPSLHODVVXSHU¿FLHVGHODMXQWD\
ODMXQWD5HHPSODFHODMXQWDVLIXHUDQHFHVDULR+DJDXQD
SUXHEDGHIXJDVOXHJRGHYROYHUDHQVDPEODUODVSLH]DV
9iOYXODV ,QWHUQDV GH 7LSRV
&&\&
'HVHQVDPEODGR
$'9(57(1&,$
'HEHOLEHUDUVHODSUHVLyQGHOWDQTXHDQWHV
GHUHWLUDUODYiOYXODGHOUHFLSLHQWH'HQR
KDFHUORSRGUtDQRFXUULUOHVLRQHVSHUVRQDOHV
/RVQ~PHURVHQWUHSDUpQWHVLVKDFHQUHIHUHQFLDDQ~PHURV
GHFODYHVGHODV¿JXUDV\
3DUD3HHPSOD]DUHO(PSDTXHWDGR
3DUD5HHPSOD]DUORV'LVFRVGH$VLHQWR
5HWLUHODYiOYXODGHOWDQTXH
5HWLUHHOSDVDGRUFODYH\VXHOWHODWXHUFD
KH[DJRQDOFODYH
5HWLUHDPERVVRVWHQHGRUHVGHGLVFRVFODYHV\GHO
YiVWDJRFODYH
6XHOWHORVWUHVWRUQLOORVFODYHVRVWHQLHQGRHO
UHWHQHGRUGHGLVFRFODYHSDUDUHHPSOD]DUHOGLVFRGH
DVLHQWRSULQFLSDO
(OHPSDTXHWDGRFODYHV)*\+SXHGH
,QVSHFFLRQHDPERVGLVFRVGHDVLHQWRFODYHV\\
UHHPSOiFHORVVLIXHUDQHFHVDULR
UHHPSOD]DUVHFRQHOSURGXFWRHQHOWDQTXHFHUUDQGR
ODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDFODYH\HOLPLQDQGRFRQDLUH
FRPSULPLGRODSUHVLyQGHDJXDVDEDMRHQHOVLVWHPD
6LVHFDPELDHOWRUQLOORGHH[FHVRGHÀXMRFODYH
UHHPSODFHODSODFDGHGDWRVRPDUTXHHQODFDUFDVDHO
Q~PHURGHOQXHYRWLSR
5HWLUHORVWUHVWRUQLOORVGHWDSDFODYHVRVWHQLHQGR
HOFRQMXQWRGHERQHWHFRQWUDODFDUFDVD
5HHPSODFHVLHPSUHODDUDQGHODGHVHOODGRFODYH
*LUHOHYHPHQWHWRGRHOFRQMXQWRGHERQHWHSDUDUHWLUDUOR
GHODFDUFDVD
6XHOWHHOWRUQLOORGHWDSDFODYH5HOHMHGH
PDQJXHWDFODYH-\UHWLUHODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDVDFDQGR
HOSDVDGRUFODYH
6XHOWHODWXHUFDGHUHWHQFLyQFODYH0GHOERQHWH$O
KDFHUSUHVLyQVREUHHOHMHGHPDQJXHWDFODYH-TXHGDUiQ
H[SXHVWDVODVSLH]DVGHOERQHWHLQFOXLGRHOHPSDTXHWDGR
$GHPiVGHOHPSDTXHWDGRGHEHQUHHPSOD]DUVHORV
FDVTXLOORVGHOUHYHVWLPLHQWRFODYHV%\.
+DJDHOUHHQVDPEODGRHQRUGHQLQYHUVR9XHOYDD
FRORFDUHOWRUQLOORGHFDSDFODYH5XVDQGRXQDWRUVLyQGH
DOLEUDVSRUSXOJDGD
+DJDHOUHHQVDPEODGRHQRUGHQLQYHUVRXVDQGR
XQDWRUVLyQGHDOLEUDVSRUSXOJDGDSDUDLQVWDODUHO
UHWHQHGRUGHGLVFRFODYH$SOLTXH/RFWLWH1RR
HTXLYDOHQWHHQHOHQURVFDGRGHOYiVWDJRDQWHVGHLQVWDODUOD
WXHUFDKH[DJRQDOFODYH
3DUD3HGLU3LH]DV
(QVXFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDVREUHHVWRVHTXLSRVVLHPSUHKDJD
UHIHUHQFLDDOQ~PHURGHWLSRGHOHTXLSRTXHDSDUHFHHQOD
SODFDGHGDWRV
6HGLVSRQHGHXQDOLVWDGHSLH]DVGHUHHPSOD]RSDUDODV
YiOYXODV$OSHGLUSLH]DVGHUHHPSOD]RKDJDUHIHUHQFLDDO
Q~PHURGHSLH]DGHFDUDFWHUHVSDUDFDGDSLH]D
TXHQHFHVLWH
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODSDODQFDRSHUDWLYDSXHGDPRYHUVHVLQ
REVWUXFFLRQHVGHVSXpVGHLQVWDODUODVSLH]DVQXHYDV5HDOLFH
XQDSUXHEDGHIXJDVEDMRSUHVLyQFRQXQDVROXFLyQMDERQRVD
9iOYXODV,QWHUQDVGH7LSRV
&&\&
/LVWDGH3LH]DV¿JXUDVD
7LSRV&&\&
&ODYH'HVFULSFLyQ
&ODYH'HVFULSFLyQ
&DUFDVD
&RQMXQWRGH9iVWDJR
5HVRUWH3DUD([FHVRGH)OXMR
$VLHQWRGH5HVRUWH
5HVRUWHGH&LHUUH
6RVWHQHGRUGH'LVFR
'LVFR,QIHULRU
5HWHQHGRUGH'LVFR
7RUQLOORUHTXHULGRV
5HWHQHGRUGH'LVFR
'LVFR6XSHULRU
6RVWHQHGRUGH'LVFR
7XHUFD+H[DJRQDO
3DVDGRU
$ %RQHWH
%&DVTXLOORGH5HYHVWLPLHQWR
& $UDQGHOD
' 5HVRUWH
( $UDQGHODUHTXHULGRV
) $GDSWDGRUGH(PSDTXHWDGR0DFKR
*(PSDTXHWDGRUHTXHULGRV
+$GDSWDGRUGH(PSDTXHWDGR+HPEUD
- (MHGH0DQJXHWD
.&DVTXLOORGH5HYHVWLPLHQWR
/ /LPSLDGRUGH9DULOOD
0 7XHUFDGH5HWHQFLyQ
1
3
5
6
3LH]DGHUHSXHVWRUHFRPHQGDGD
3DVDGRU5DQXUDGR
/HYD
7RUQLOORGH7DSD
$UDQGHOD
-XQWD7yULFD
7RUQLOORGH7DSDUHTXHULGRV
3DODQFD2SHUDWLYD
3DVDGRUQRDSDUHFH
3ODFDGH'DWRVQRDSDUHFH
7RUQLOORGH$FFLRQDPLHQWRUHTXHULGRVQRDSDUHFH
7DSyQGH7XEHUtDQRDSDUHFH
$UDQGHOD
7RSHGH5HFRUULGR
&DVTXLOOR
*XtD
6yOR3DUD&
7DPL]
-XQWD7yULFD
%ULQGD,QIHULRU
$UDQGHODGH6HJXULGDGUHTXHULGRV
7RUQLOORGH7DSDUHTXHULGRV
9iOYXODV ,QWHUQDV GH 7LSRV
&&\&
)LJXUD7LSR&
9iOYXODV,QWHUQDVGH7LSRV
&&\&
)LJXUD7LSR&
9iOYXODV ,QWHUQDV GH 7LSRV
&&\&
)LJXUD7LSR&
9iOYXODV,QWHUQDVGH7LSRV
&&\&
)LVKHU\)LVKHU5HJXODWRUVVRQPDUFDVGHSURSLHGDGGH)LVKHU&RQWUROV,QWHUQDWLRQDO//&(OORJRWLSRGH(PHUVRQHVXQDPDUFDFRPHUFLDO\XQDPDUFDGHVHUYLFLRGH(PHUVRQ(OHFWULF&R
7RGDVODVGHPiVPDUFDVVRQSURSLHGDGGHVXVUHVSHFWLYRVGXHxRV
(OFRQWHQLGRGHHVWDSXEOLFDFLyQVHSUHVHQWDVyORFRQSURSyVLWRVLQIRUPDWLYRV\VLELHQVHKDQUHDOL]DGRWRGDVODVDFFLRQHVSDUDDVHJXUDUVXSUHFLVLyQQRGHEHLQWHUSUHWDUVHFRPRJDUDQWtDV
H[SUHVDVRLPSOtFLWDVDFHUFDGHORVSURGXFWRVRVHUYLFLRVGHVFULWRVHQHVWHGRFXPHQWRRDFHUFDGHVXXVRRDSOLFDELOLGDG1RVUHVHUYDPRVHOGHUHFKRGHPRGL¿FDURPHMRUDUORVGLVHxRV
RODVHVSHFL¿FDFLRQHVGHGLFKRVSURGXFWRVHQFXDOTXLHUPRPHQWR\VLQDYLVRSUHYLR
)LVKHUQRDVXPHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVSRUODVHOHFFLyQHOXVRQLHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHQLQJ~QSURGXFWR(OFRPSUDGRUHVHOUHVSRQVDEOHH[FOXVLYRGHODVHOHFFLyQHOXVR\HOPDQWHQLPLHQWR
GHELGRGHFXDOTXLHUSURGXFWR)LVKHU
(PHUVRQ3URFHVV0DQDJHPHQW
)LVKHU&RQWUROV,QWHUQDWLRQDO//&
32%R[
0F.LQQH\7H[DV((88
7HOpIRQR
7HOpIRQR
‹)LVKHU&RQWUROV,QWHUQDWLRQDO//&5HVHUYDGRVWRGRVORVGHUHFKRV
ZZZ),6+(5UHJXODWRUVFRPOS
Descargar