Cría Comercial del Ñandú

Anuncio
fDQG~
&UtD&RPHUFLDOGHOfDQG~
&T0¾UVQT1
/CEGKTC
+06#$CNECTEG
$WGPQU#KTGU
/¾F8GV&CPKGN8
5CTCUSWGVC
+06#$CTKNQEJG4ÃQ
0GITQ
$KÉNQIQ/CPWGN4
&GOCTÃC
+06#5CP.WKU
/DFUtDGHxDQG~HVKDFUHFLGRHQIRUPDVXVWDQWLYDHQORV
~OWLPRVDxRVHQ6XGDPpULFDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQOD$UJHQWLQD
8UXJXD\%UDVLO\&KLOH3DUDSRGHUORJUDUHOREMHWLYRGH
H[SRUWDUORVGHVDItRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQOD
LQWHJUDFLyQGHORVSURGXFWRUHVHQDVRFLDFLRQHVFRQ
IRUPDFLyQGHFRQVRUFLRVGHH[SRUWDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORGH
XQDLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDLQGXVWULDOIULJRUtILFRVSURFHVDGRUHV
FXUWLHPEUHVHVSHFLDOL]DGDVHQWUHRWURV
/RVxDQG~HVVRQDYHVQRYRODGRUDVH[FOX
VLYDV GH ODV SODQLFLHV DELHUWDV GH
6XGDPpULFD \ SRU VX VHPHMDQ]D FRQ HO
DYHVWUX]DIULFDQRVHORVOODPDFRP~QPHQWH
DYHVWUXFHV VXGDPHULFDQRV 6LQ HPEDUJR
H[LVWHQ GLIHUHQFLDV HQWUH DPERV OD PiV
LPSRUWDQWHHVHOPHQRUWDPDxRGHORVxDQ
G~HVTXHUDUDYH]H[FHGHPGHDOWXUD
(VWDVDYHVVHDGDSWDQDXQDJUDQYDULHGDG
GH FOLPDV \ DOFDQ]DQ OD PDGXUH] VH[XDO D
ORVGRVRWUHVDxRVDXQTXHVLODVFRQGLFLR
QHVGHFUtDVRQySWLPDVSXHGHQDGHODQWDUOD
DO DxR GH HGDG *HQHUDOPHQWH HO WDPDxR
FRUSRUDO\ODFRORUDFLyQGHOSOXPDMHGHORV
DGXOWRVSHUPLWHQGLIHUHQFLDUDPERVVH[RV
)TWRQFGTGRTQFWEVQTGUCNKOGPV±PFQUGGPWP
EQOGFGTQ1DU¾TXGPUGNCUECTCXCPCUKFGPVKHKECVQTKCUGP
NCURCVCU
LGLD;;,
DXQTXHWDPELpQSXHGHQVHULGHQWLILFDGRVD
SDUWLU GH ORV SULPHURV PHVHV GH YLGD SRU
REVHUYDFLyQGHODFORDFDRDQiOLVLVGH$'1
'XUDQWHODpSRFDUHSURGXFWLYDHOPDFKRVH
WRUQD DJUHVLYR HPLWH IXHUWHV EUDPLGRV \
UHDOL]D HOHJDQWHV PRYLPLHQWRV FRQ VXV
DODV(OHVTXLHQ FRQVWUX\H HOQLGR LQFXED
ORVKXHYRV\FXLGDDORVSLFKRQHV
([LVWHQ GRV HVSHFLHV GH xDQG~ HO fDQG~
&RP~Q5KHDDPHULFDQDTXHVHGLVWULEX\H
HQHOQRUWH\FHQWURGHOWHUULWRULRDUJHQWLQR
KDVWD HO 5tR 1HJUR \ HO fDQG~ 3HWLVR R
&KRLTXH
5KHD
SHQQDWD
DQWHV
3WHURFQHPLDSHQQDWDTXHKDELWDODVHVWH
fDQG~
SDV DOWRDQGLQDV \ SDWDJyQLFDV $PEDV
HVSHFLHVVHGLIHUHQFLDQSULQFLSDOPHQWHSRU
OD DOWXUD \ SRU OD FRORUDFLyQ GHO SOXPDMH
JULV R PDUUyQ FRQ PDQFKDV EODQFDV UHV
SHFWLYDPHQWH
&RPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GH OD PRGLILFDFLyQ GH
VXVKiELWDWVQDWXUDOHVSRUHODYDQFHGHODV
IURQWHUDVDJUtFRORJDQDGHUDV\ODFD]DIXUWL
YD GHVPHGLGD DPEDV HVSHFLHV GHELHURQ
VHU SURWHJLGDV LQFOX\pQGRODV HQ ORV
$SpQGLFHV &,7(6 &RQYHQFLyQ SDUD HO
&RPHUFLR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH (VSHFLHV
$PHQD]DGDVGH)DXQD\)ORUD(VWRVLJQLIL
FDTXHHOFRPHUFLRGHDQLPDOHV\SURGXFWRV
GHDPEDVHVSHFLHVGHEHVHUHVWULFWDPHQWH
UHJODPHQWDGRDILQGHHYLWDUXQDXWLOL]DFLyQ
LQFRPSDWLEOH FRQ OD SHUVLVWHQFLD GH ODV
SREODFLRQHVVLOYHVWUHV
352'8&726
([LVWHQ PXFKRV IDFWRUHV TXH KDFHQ GH OD
FUtD GH xDQG~HV XQD LQWHUHVDQWH RSRUWXQL
GDG GH LQYHUVLyQ SRVHH XQ LPSRUWDQWH
SRWHQFLDOHFRQyPLFRSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQHO
PHUFDGRH[WHUQRHVFRPSDWLEOHFRQRWURV
HPSUHQGLPLHQWRV DJURSHFXDULRV WUDGLFLR
QDOHV\QRUHTXLHUHGHPDVLDGRHTXLSDPLHQ
WRHLQVWDODFLRQHV/RVVLVWHPDVGHFUtDHQ
FDXWLYHULRSHUPLWHQUHGXFLUODGHPDQGDGH
HMHPSODUHV VLOYHVWUHV REWHQHU SURGXFWRV
GH FDOLGDG VXSHULRU DSURYHFKDU LQWHJUDO
PHQWHHOUHFXUVR\SRURWURODGRFRQVWLWX
\HQ DPELHQWHV GRQGH VH SXHGHQ UHFDEDU
GDWRV ELROyJLFRV UHOHYDQWHV WDQWR SDUD OD
SURGXFFLyQ FRPR SDUD OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH
HVWDV HVSHFLHV /RV SULQFLSDOHV SURGXFWRV
VRQFDUQHFXHURDFHLWHSOXPDVKXHYRV\
HMHPSODUHVYLYRV
&Ð02,1,&,$56((1/$$&7,9,'$'
3DUDLQVWDODUXQDJUDQMDRFULDGHURVHGHEH
FRQWDU FRQ DQLPDOHV UHJLVWUDGRV \ FRQ OD
DSUREDFLyQGHODVDXWRULGDGHVGH)DXQDGH
ODSURYLQFLDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH/DH[WUDFFLyQ
GH HMHPSODUHV R KXHYRV GH YLGD VLOYHVWUH
VLQ SUHYLD DXWRUL]DFLyQ HV VHYHUDPHQWH
SHQDOL]DGD
6HSXHGHLQJUHVDUHQHVWDDFWLYLGDGDGTXL
ULHQGR
+XHYRV HV OD IRUPD PiV HFRQyPLFD GH
FRPHQ]DU SHUR LPSOLFD HO PD\RU ULHVJR
SDUDTXLHQVHLQLFLD(OPDQHMR\ODVFRQGL
FLRQHV GH KLJLHQH GXUDQWH OD LQFXEDFLyQ
DUWLILFLDOLQIOX\HQHQODHFORVLyQ\HQODVDOXG
GH ORV SLFKRQHV REWHQLGRV \ FRPR FRQVH
FXHQFLDHQODSURGXFFLyQ
3LFKRQHV KDVWDPHVHVGHHGDGHVUHFR
PHQGDEOH FRPHQ]DU FRQ SLFKRQHV GH PiV
GHGRVPHVHVGHYLGD\DTXHDQWHVGHHVD
HGDGODPRUWDOLGDGHVDOWD/DLQIUDHVWUXFWX
UD GH ORV HVSDFLRV GH FUtD MXQWR FRQ XQD
DGHFXDGDDOLPHQWDFLyQPDQHMR\VDQLGDG
VRQ GHWHUPLQDQWHV SDUD HO FUHFLPLHQWR \
VXSHUYLYHQFLDGHORVHMHPSODUHV
-XYHQLOHV \ 6XEDGXOWRV PHVHV KDVWD OD
PDGXUH] VH[XDO HVWRV HMHPSODUHV VRQ GH
PD\RUSUHFLRTXHORVSLFKRQHVSHURWLHQHQ
PHQRVSUREOHPDVGHPRUWDQGDG\UHWRUQDQ
ODLQYHUVLyQHQXQWLHPSRPHQRU
)TWRQFGTGRTQFWEVQTGUUQDTGWPCRCUVWTCGPNC
ITCPLCGZRGTKOGPVCN+06#5CP.WKU'NOCEJQUGFKHGTGP
EKCRQTUWOC[QTRQTVG[GNEQNQTPGITQGPNCDCUGFGN
EWGNNQ[GNRGEJQ
LGLD;;,
fDQG~
5HSURGXFWRUHV LQGLYLGXRV VH[XDOPHQWH
PDGXURV VRQ ORV HMHPSODUHV PiV FRVWR
VRVSHURFRPSHQVDQODLQYHUVLyQPiVUiSL
GDPHQWH /D VXSHUYLYHQFLD GH ORV DGXOWRV
HVDOWDSXGLHQGRYLYLUDOUHGHGRUGHD
DxRV 8QD FDXVD IUHFXHQWH GH PRUWDOLGDG
VRQORVWUDXPDWLVPRVDFFLGHQWDOHVRULJLQD
GRV SRU FRUULGDV DQWH OD SUHVHQFLD GH
SHUURV&XDQGRVHFRPLHQ]DFRQDGXOWRVHV
UHFRPHQGDEOH WHQHU FRQRFLPLHQWR R H[SH
ULHQFLDSUHYLDVREUHODELRORJtD\HOPDQHMR
GH OD HVSHFLH \D TXH HQ HO SULPHU DxR VH
GHEHUiQ HQIUHQWDU VLPXOWiQHDPHQWH ODV
HWDSDV PiV GLItFLOHV GHO VLVWHPD LQFXED
FLyQ FUtD GH FKDULWRV \ PDQHMR GH ORVJUX
SRVUHSURGXFWRUHV
6,67(0$6'(&5Ì$
/RV xDQG~HV SXHGHQ FULDUVH HQ IRUPD
H[WHQVLYD LQWHQVLYD FRQILQDPLHQWR HQ
FRUUDOHV R HQ PRGDOLGDGHV LQWHUPHGLDV
HQWUHDPEDVSRVLELOLGDGHV/DHOHFFLyQGHO
VLVWHPD GHSHQGHUi GH ODV SRVLELOLGDGHV H
LQFOLQDFLyQ GHO HPSUHVDULR /DVSULQFLSDOHV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH HVWRV VLVWHPDV VRQ
6LVWHPDLQWHQVLYR
/RVDQLPDOHVMXYHQLOHV\DGXOWRVVHPDQWLH
QHQ HQ FRUUDOHV GH [ D [P VH
SXHGH HVWLPDUHQWUH PSRUDGXO
.CGENQUKÉPUGKPKEKCEWCPFQGNRKEJÉPTQORGEQPUW
RKEQNCE±UECTC.WGIQEQPUWURCVCUGORWLCT±FGUFG
FGPVTQRCTCCDTKTGNECUECTÉPGPFQU[GOGIGTVQVCNOGP
VGFGNJWGXQ
LGLD;;,
WR GHOLPLWDGRV SRU DODPEUDGR GH PDOOD R
GH X KLORV OLVRV GH P GH
DOWXUDRVXSHULRU6HOHVVXPLQLVWUDDOLPHQ
WREDODQFHDGRSHOHWHDGR/RVKXHYRVGHSR
VLWDGRV VH UHFRJHQ GLDULDPHQWH GH ORV
FRUUDOHV \ VH LQFXEDQ DUWLILFLDOPHQWH 6H
SXHGHUHDOL]DUXQFRQWUROSDUDVHOHFFLyQGH
UHSURGXFWRUHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHKHPEUDV
6LVWHPDVHPLLQWHQVLYR
/RVxDQG~HVVHPDQWLHQHQHQSRWUHURVPiV
JUDQGHVDKDFRQLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDVLPL
ODU DO VLVWHPD LQWHQVLYR 6LQ HPEDUJR HQ
HVWH FDVR OD SULQFLSDO IXHQWH GH DOLPHQWD
FLyQHVODSDVWXUDLPSODQWDGDHQHOORWHSUH
IHUHQWHPHQWH DOIDOID R SDVWXUDV FRQVRFLD
GDV FRPSOHPHQWDGD SRU DOLPHQWR EDODQ
FHDGRSDUDVXSOLUODVFDUHQFLDVQXWULFLRQDOHV
\HOGpILFLWGHSURGXFFLyQGHSDVWRGXUDQWH
HOLQYLHUQR/RVKXHYRVGHSRVLWDGRVVHUHFR
JHQGLDULDPHQWH\VHLQFXEDQDUWLILFLDOPHQ
WH6HSXHGHUHDOL]DUXQDVHOHFFLyQGHUHSUR
GXFWRUHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHKHPEUDV
6LVWHPDH[WHQVLYR
/RV xDQG~HV VH PDQWLHQHQ HQ SRWUHURV
JUDQGHV /D SULQFLSDO IXHQWH GH DOLPHQWD
FLyQ HV OD SDVWXUD LPSODQWDGD HQ HO ORWH
FRPSOHPHQWDGD HYHQWXDOPHQWH FRQ XQD
UDFLyQ VREUH OD EDVH GH JUDQR PROLGR R
KHQR /RV PDFKRV VRQ ORV HQFDUJDGRV GH
fDQG~
LQFXEDU ORV KXHYRV GHSRVLWDGRV SRU ODV
KHPEUDV \ GH FXLGDU ORV SLFKRQHV 6L VH
RSWDSRUHVWHWLSRGHPDQHMRGHEHWHQHUVH
HQ HO SODQWHO XQD SURSRUFLyQ PD\RU GH
PDFKRV TXH HQ ORV VLVWHPDV DQWHULRUHV
SUiFWLFDPHQWH LJXDO DO Q~PHUR GH KHP
EUDV D ILQ GH PD[LPL]DU OD SXHVWD IHUWLOL
GDG\SURGXFWLYLGDG(VPX\GLItFLOHQHVWH
VLVWHPD UHDOL]DU XQ VHJXLPLHQWR GH ORV
UHSURGXFWRUHVFRQILQHVGHVHOHFFLyQ
,167$/$&,21(6
/DV LQVWDODFLRQHV QHFHVDULDV SDUD OD SUR
GXFFLyQ LQWHQVLYD R VHPLLQWHQVLYD VRQ ODV
VLJXLHQWHV
6DOD GH LQFXEDFLyQ GRQGH VH UHDOL]D OD
LQFXEDFLyQDUWLILFLDOGHORVKXHYRV6HXWLOL
]DQ LQFXEDGRUDV HVSHFLDOPHQWH GLVHxDGDV
SDUD HVWDHVSHFLH$FWXDOPHQWH ODVGLVSR
QLEOHV HQ HO PHUFDGR VRQ GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ
HOpFWULFD SRVHHQ YHQWLODFLyQ IRU]DGD YRO
WHR DXWRPiWLFR \ FDSDFLGDG SDUD D KXHYRV
*DOSyQRVDODGHFUtD FRQFULDGRUDV IXHQWHV
DUWLILFLDOHV GH FDORU FRQ VDOLGD D FRUUDOHV
GH FUtD GRQGH VH PDQHMDQ ORV SLFKRQHV R
FKDULWRVGHVGHHOQDFLPLHQWRKDVWDORV
PHVHVGHHGDG
&RUUDOHV R SRWUHURV GH UHFUtD GRQGH VH
PDQHMDQ ORV MXYHQLOHV KDVWD ORV \ PHVHV HGDGHV HQ ODV FXDOHV VRQ GHVWLQD
GRVDIDHQDRDUHSRQHUHOURGHRGHUHSUR
GXFWRUHVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
&RUUDOHV R SRWUHURV GH UHSURGXFWRUHV
GRQGH VH PDQHMDQ JUXSRV GH XQR R GRV
PDFKRV\WUHVDFLQFRKHPEUDVVH[XDOPHQ
WHPDGXURV
$63(&726*(1(5$/(6'(0$1(-2
/RV SODQWHOHV UHSURGXFWRUHV VH IRUPDQ D
ILQHV GHO LQYLHUQR HQ xDQG~ FRP~Q \ D
PHGLDGRVGHRWRxRHQFKRLTXHDJUXSiQGR
VHORVDQLPDOHVHQSDUHMDVWUtRVKHPEUDV
\ PDFKR R HQ JUXSRV PiV JUDQGHV FRQ
XQDSURSRUFLyQ PD\RU GH KHPEUDV TXHGH
PDFKRVVLHPSUHTXHVHUHDOLFHLQFXEDFLyQ
DUWLILFLDOHQIXQFLyQGHODVXSHUILFLHGLVSR
QLEOH\GHODDJUHVLYLGDGGHORVUHSURGXFWR
UHV (O PDFKR FRQVWUX\H HO QLGR HQ HO FXDO
ODV KHPEUDVRYLSRQHQ 8QD KHPEUD SXHGH
SRQHUHQWUH\KXHYRVHQODWHPSRUD
GDUHSURGXFWLYDSULPDYHUDYHUDQRVHJ~Q
ODHGDGHOHVWDGRQXWULFLRQDO\ODGLVSRQLEL
OLGDGGHPDFKRVVH[XDOPHQWHDFWLYRV
&RPR \D VH PHQFLRQy OD LQFXEDFLyQ VH
SXHGHKDFHUHQIRUPDQDWXUDOGHMDQGRTXH
HO PDFKR LQFXEH ORV KXHYRV TXH ODV KHP
EUDV YDQ GHSRVLWDQGR HQ HO QLGR SRU pO
FRQVWUXLGRRHPSOHDQGRLQFXEDGRUDVDUWL
ILFLDOHV (VWD ~OWLPD DOWHUQDWLYD HV OD PiV
HPSOHDGD HQ OD FUtD FRPHUFLDO GDGR TXH
LPSOLFDPHQRUHVULHVJRV\SRUHQGHSHUPLWH
DOFDQ]DUXQDPD\RUSURGXFFLyQ
/RVKXHYRVGHVWLQDGRVDODLQFXEDFLyQDUWL
ILFLDOVHUHFRJHQGLDULDPHQWH\SXHGHQVHU
DOPDFHQDGRVKDVWDGtDVDž&DQWHVGH
VHULQWURGXFLGRVHQODLQFXEDGRUD(OSURFH
VRGHLQFXEDFLyQGXUDGtDVDORODUJRGH
ORVFXDOHVORVKXHYRVSLHUGHQHQWUHHO\
HOGHVXSHVRLQLFLDO/DWHPSHUDWXUDHV
GHž&
8QR GH ORV DVSHFWRV IXQGDPHQWDOHV SDUD
DOFDQ]DU XQ EXHQ SRUFHQWDMH GH HFORVLyQ
HVPDQWHQHUXQDDGHFXDGDKLJLH
QH HQ HO SURFHVR GH LQFXEDFLyQ GHELGR D
TXHDWUDYpVGHORVSRURVGHODFiVFDUDSXH
GHQSHQHWUDUKRQJRV\ EDFWHULDVTXHDIHF
WHQODYLDELOLGDGGHOHPEULyQ
6HPDQDOPHQWHORVKXHYRVVRQREVHUYDGRV
FRQXQRYRVFRSLRHOFXDOSHUPLWHGHWHUPL
QDU FRQWDPLQDFLRQHV WHPSUDQDV \ PRQLWR
UHDUHOGHVDUUROORGHOHPEULyQ
$ORVGtDV GH LQFXEDFLyQ ORVKXHYRV
VRQFRORFDGRVHQXQDQDFHGRUDVLPLODUDOD
LQFXEDGRUDSHURFRQFDQDVWRVILMRVHQOXJDU
GHEDQGHMDVPyYLOHVRHQODSDUWHLQIHULRU
GH OD LQFXEDGRUD OD FXDO IXQFLRQD HQ HVH
FDVR FRPR LQFXEDGRUDQDFHGRUD &XDQGR
QDFHQ ORV SLFKRQHV SHUPDQHFHQ DOOt KDVWD
TXHVHVHFDVXSOXPDMH
/XHJR ORV SLFKRQHV R FKDULWRV VRQ WUDVOD
GDGRVDODVLQVWDODFLRQHVGHFUtDTXHFRQV
WDQ GHXQFRUUDOFRQEHEHGHURV\ FRPHGH
URV\XQSHTXHxRJDOSyQRVDODSDUDHQFLH
UUHQRFWXUQRHTXLSDGRFRQIXHQWHVGHFDORU
VH SXHGHQ XVDU OiPSDUDV LQIUDUURMDV R
HVWXIDVDJDV
$OOt VH OHV VXPLQLVWUD DOLPHQWR EDODQFHDGR
HVSHFtILFR SDUD xDQG~HV HQ FUHFLPLHQWR R
HQVXGHIHFWRDOLPHQWREDODQFHDGRLQLFLDGRU
SDUDSROOLWRV%%TXHQRFRQWHQJDFRFFLGLRV
WiWLFRVLRQRIRUDGRV(VLPSRUWDQWHVXPLQLV
WUDUOHV DOIDOID R WUpERO FRUWDGR HQWUR]RV GH
QRPiVGHFPORPiVIUHVFRSRVLEOHRSHU
LGLD;;,
fDQG~
/QFGNQFGKPEWDCFQTCFGHCDTKECEKÉPPCEKQPCNGORNGCFQGPGN+06#5CP.WKU.CUVTGUDCPFGLCUCNQLCPJWGXQU
ECFCWPC[UGKPENKPCPCWVQO±VKECOGPVGRCTCWPQWQVTQNCFQECFCJQTCURCTCICTCPVK\CTGNFGUCTTQNNQCFGEWCFQFGN
GODTKÉP2QUGGPTGIWNCEKÉPCWVQO±VKEQFGNCVGORGTCVWTC[XGPVKNCEKÉPHQT\CFC.CJWOGFCFGUUWOKPKUVTCFCRCUKXC
OGPVGOGFKCPVGFQUTGEKRKGPVGUEQPCIWCUKVWCFQUGPGNGUVCPVGUWRGTKQTFGNGSWKRQ&GVT±UFGNQUOKUOQUUGWDKECP
NCUTGUKUVGPEKCUGN¾EVTKECU[FGVT±UFGGNNCUGNXGPVKNCFQTSWGKORWNUCGNCKTGECNKGPVG
LGLD;;,
fDQG~
PLWLUOHVDFFHVR D SDVWRUHR GLUHFWR (O VXPL
QLVWURGHXQVXSOHPHQWRPLQHUDOYLWDPtQLFR
HV UHFRPHQGDEOH HQ HVWD HWDSD HVSHFLDO
PHQWHVLQRVHWUDEDMDFRQEDODQFHDGRHVSH
FtILFRSDUDxDQG~HVRORVDQLPDOHVQRWLHQHQ
DFFHVR D EXHQD SDVWXUD 7DPELpQ HV UHFR
PHQGDEOHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHSURELyWLFRVD
SDUWLUGHOSULPHUGtDGHYLGDFRPRUHJXODGR
UHVGHPLFURIORUDLQWHVWLQDO
3HULyGLFDPHQWH VH UHFRPLHQGD KDFHU H[i
PHQHV SDUD GHWHFWDU SDUDVLWRVLV DGHPiV
GHHVWDU DWHQWRDODDSDULFLyQGH VtQWRPDV
GHHQIHUPHGDGHV/DVXSHUYLYHQFLDGHFKD
URVDORVPHVHVGHHGDGHVQRUPDOPHQ
WHGHHQWUH/DVSULQFLSDOHVFDXVDV
GHPRUWDOLGDGVRQODLPSDFWDFLyQGHPROOH
MD SRU FRQVXPR H[FHVLYR GH JUDPtQHDV R
FXHUSRV H[WUDxRV GHVHTXLOLEULRV QXWULFLR
QDOHVFXUYDWXUDRGHIRUPDFLyQGHODVSDWDV
\GLDUUHDVDVRFLDGDVDSUREOHPDVGHFRQIL
QDPLHQWR (O IUtR R HO FDORU H[FHVLYR VRQ
LJXDOPHQWHSHUMXGLFLDOHVSDUDORVFKDULWRV\
HV LPSRUWDQWH FRQVLGHUDU ORV DFFLGHQWHV
RFDVLRQDGRV SRU OD SUHVHQFLD GH SHUURV X
RWURVIDFWRUHVH[yJHQRV
$SDUWLUGHORVDPHVHVGHHGDGVHJ~Q
ODULJXURVLGDGGHOFOLPD\DQRHVQHFHVDULR
HQFHUUDUDORVSLFKRQHVGHQRFKHFRQIXHQ
WHV GH FDORU \ SXHGHQ VHU OOHYDGRV D ORV
FRUUDOHVGHUHFUtDVLVHRSWDSRUXQVLVWHPD
GHFUtDLQWHQVLYDRDSRWUHURVFRQOHJXPL
QRVDVVLVHWUDEDMDFRQVLVWHPDVGHPHQRU
FRQILQDPLHQWR$OLJXDOTXHFRQORVFKDURV
SHTXHxRVHVFRQYHQLHQWHKDFHUDQiOLVLVGH
UXWLQDSDUDFRQWURODUSDUDVLWRVLV/DWDVDGH
PRUWDOLGDG D SDUWLU GH HVWD HGDG HV EDMD
QRUPDOPHQWHPHQRUDO
(67$'2'(/$$&7,9,'$'(1/$$5*(17,1$
(Q OD $UJHQWLQD VL ELHQ H[LVWH XQ Q~PHUR
LPSRUWDQWH GH JUDQMDV LQVWDODGDV DOUHGH
GRUGHHQWUHDPEDVHVSHFLHVQRVHKD
SDVDGR D~Q D OD HWDSD LQGXVWULDO (VWR VH
GHEHDYDULRVIDFWRUHVGRQGHHOSULQFLSDOHV
ODHVFDODGHSURGXFFLyQODPD\RUSDUWHGH
ODVJUDQMDVSRVHHQD~QSODQWHOHVSHTXHxRV
\HVWiQHQXQSURFHVRGHFRQVROLGDFLyQGH
ORVPLVPRV3RUODPLVPDUD]yQQRVHKDLQL
FLDGRODIDHQDFRPHUFLDODXQTXH\DH[LVWHQ
XQRV SRFRV IULJRUtILFRV KDELOLWDGRV R HQ
HWDSDGHKDELOLWDFLyQSDUDHVHILQ'LVSRQHU
GHYRO~PHQHVLPSRUWDQWHVGHFDUQHFXHUR
\ JUDVD FRQ FDOLGDG \ FRQWLQXLGDG HV XQ
UHTXLVLWR LQGLVSHQVDEOH SDUD LQJUHVDU DO
PHUFDGR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH VXESURGXFWRV
TXH\DH[LVWHHQHOPXQGR\TXHHVODPHWD
SULQFLSDOGHODDFWLYLGDG
0(5&$'2
1RH[LVWHQDQWHFHGHQWHVHQHOSDtVGHSUR
GXFFLyQ LQGXVWULDO FRPR WDPSRFR GH
H[SRUWDFLRQHV UHDOL]DGDV /D EDVH SDUD XQ
IXWXUR FRPHUFLR H[SRUWDGRU GH FDUQH GH
xDQG~ORRIUHFHHOLQWHUHVDQWHPHUFDGRGH
FDUQH GH DYHVWUX] DIULFDQR 6XGiIULFD HV
DFWXDOPHQWHHOPD\RUSURGXFWRU\H[SRUWD
GRUGHFDUQH\FXHURVGHDYHVWUX](Q
VHHVWLPDTXHVHIDHQDURQDSUR[LPDGDPHQ
WH DQLPDOHV FRQ XQD SURGXFFLyQ
GHFDUQHGHW3DUDHVWHSDtVODVSLH
OHVGHDYHVWUX]VRQHOSULQFLSDOSURGXFWRGH
H[SRUWDFLyQ7DPELpQVRQLPSRUWDQWHVSUR
GXFWRUHV=LPEDEZH1DPLELD\%RWVZDQD
(OSULQFLSDOGHVWLQRGHODSURGXFFLyQDFWXDO
GHDYHVWUXFHVHVOD8QLyQ(XURSHDFRQXQD
GHPDQGDGHWDQXDOHV2WURPHUFDGR
SRWHQFLDOPHQWHSURPLVRULRSDUHFHVHUHOGH
((88FRQXQDGHPDQGDDQXDOGH
W(Q ORV((88H[LVWHQFULDGHURV GH DYHV
WUX] DIULFDQR VH HVWLPD DOUHGHGRU GH
DQLPDOHVIDHQDGRVDODxRHLQFOXVR
GHxDQG~FX\DSURGXFFLyQHVFRORFDGDHQ
HO PHUFDGR LQWHUQR (VSDxD HO SDtV HXUR
SHRFRQPD\RUFDQWLGDGGHDQLPDOHVDOUH
GHGRU GH \ SURGXFFLyQ GH FDUQH
DSUR[LPDGD GH W 3RUWXJDO )UDQFLD
%pOJLFD,WDOLD\+RODQGDVRQFRQVXPLGRUHV
WUDGLFLRQDOHV GH HVWDV FDUQHV (Q HO 5HLQR
8QLGR'LQDPDUFD$OHPDQLDH,UODQGDH[LV
WHXQPHUFDGRSRWHQFLDOGHPDJQLWXGSHUR
ODLPSRUWDFLyQVHKDOODSURKLELGDSRUUD]R
QHVVDQLWDULDV(QHOVXGHVWHDVLiWLFR+RQJ
.RQJ 6LQJDSXU \ -DSyQ HO SULQFLSDO FRP
SUDGRU GH FXHURV GH DYHVWUX] KDQ VLGR
GHWHFWDGRV FRPR SRWHQFLDOHV FRQVXPLGR
UHVGH HVWDVFDUQHVFRQXQYROXPHQHQHO
FRUWRSOD]RGHW+RQJ.RQJLPSRUWD
HQODDFWXDOLGDGYRO~PHQHVFUHFLHQWHVSULQ
FLSDOPHQWHGH&KLQDTXHHVHOSDtVFRQPiV
DQLPDOHV HQ $VLD HQ ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV OD
IDHQDKDVLGRGHORUGHQGHD
DQLPDOHV DQXDOHV (Q 0HGLR 2ULHQWH
GRQGH ,VUDHO HV HOSULQFLSDOSDtVSURGXFWRU
FRQ DQLPDOHV IDHQDGRV \ W GH
FDUQHHOFRQVXPRSRWHQFLDOVHFDOFXODHQ
WDQXDOHVSDUDHOFRUWRSOD]R LGLD;;,
fDQG~
352'8&726'(/f$1'Ô
&DUQH7LHQHQFDUQHVURMDV\VDEURVDVGHEDMRWHQRUJUDVR\FDOyULFR\FRQDOWRFRQWHQLGRSURWHLFR\
GHiFLGRVJUDVRVSROLLQVDWXUDGRV(VWROHVEULQGDXQSRWHQFLDOFRPSHWLWLYRPX\DOWRIUHQWHDODVFDU
QHVWUDGLFLRQDOHV8QDGXOWRULQGHHQFDUQHDOUHGHGRUGHOGHVXSHVRYLYR'HXQDQLPDOHQHGDG
GHIDHQDPHVHVVHSXHGHQREWHQHUHQWUH\NJGHFDUQHGHDFXHUGRFRQVXHGDG\HVWDGR
FRUSRUDO
&XHUR 3RVHH XQ GLVHxR FRQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GLVWLQWLYDV DGHPiV GH GXUDELOLGDG \ IOH[LELOLGDG 6LUYH
SDUDHODERUDUQXPHURVRVSURGXFWRVGHPDUURTXLQHUtDWDOHV FRPRFDPSHUDVERWDV]DSDWRVFDUWH
UDVELOOHWHUDV FLQWRV HWF 'H XQDGXOWR VH REWLHQHQ DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH SLHVGH FXHURGLVSRQLEOH
VXSHUILFLH~WLOOXHJRGHODIDHQD
$FHLWH6XXVRHVPX\YDULDEOH\DTXHSXHGHWHQHUILQHVFRVPpWLFRVPHGLFLQDOHV\QXWULFLRQDOHV$
SDUWLUGHODJUDVDGHXQLQGLYLGXRHQHGDGGHIDHQDVHH[WUDHQDOUHGHGRUGHOLWURVGHDFHLWHGHFDOL
GDGDXQTXHHVWDFDQWLGDGSXHGHVHUEDVWDQWHPiVDOWDHQDQLPDOHVGHPiVHGDGHQJRUGDGRVSDUD
IDYRUHFHUODDFXPXODFLyQGHJUDVD
3OXPDV 3XHGHQVHUXVDGDVSDUDODFRQIHFFLyQGHYHVWLPHQWDV\SOXPHURV'HXQDGXOWRSXHGHQREWH
QHUVHDOUHGHGRUGHJHQWRWDOXQSRFRPiVHQFKRLTXHSXGLpQGRVHIDEULFDUKDVWDRFKRSOX
PHURV
+XHYRV /RVKXHYRVLQIpUWLOHVVRQYDFLDGRV\XWLOL]DGRVSDUDHODERUDUGLYHUVRVDGRUQRV\DUWHVDQtDV
(MHPSODUHVYLYRV 6LELHQODUHQWDGHXQFULDGHURVHEDVDUiHQODFDOLGDG\FDQWLGDGGHSURGXFWRVSUR
GXFLGRV OD YHQWDGH HMHPSODUHVYLYRV DGXOWRVR MXYHQLOHV FRPRIXWXURV UHSURGXFWRUHVµSODQWHOµ
SDUDQXHYRVHPSUHQGLPLHQWRVSXHGHDXPHQWDUVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHODUHQWDELOLGDGGHODHPSUHVD
(VWRVVRQDOJXQRVYDORUHVUHIHULGRVDFDQWLGDGGHORVSULQFLSDOHVVXESURGXFWRVTXHVHSXHGHQREWH
QHUSRUDQLPDOIDHQDGR\UDQJRSRVLEOHGHVXSUHFLRHQHOPHUFDGRGHH[SRUWDFLyQ6RQHVWLPDFLRQHV
EDVDGDV HQLQIRUPDFLyQSURYHQLHQWH GHOH[WHULRU SRU ORTXH VX YDORUHVHVWULFWDPHQWHRULHQWDWLYR
GHELGRDTXHODFDGHQDGHSURGXFFLyQFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQQRVHKDGHVDUUROODGRD~QHQOD$UJHQWLQD
6HORVFODVLILFDHQRFDWHJRUtDVGHFDOLGDGSRUHMHPSORHQ6XGiIULFDVHFRQVLGHUDQFXDWURFDWH
JRUtDVVLHQGRODODPiVDOWDHQODTXHFODVLILFDQDOUHGHGRUGHOGHORVFXHURVREWHQLGRV(O
SUHFLRYDUtDVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHVLODVSOXPDVVRQYHQGLGDVDJUDQHORFODVLILFDGDVSRUWLSR\FDOLGDG
/$,19(67,*$&,Ð1(1(/,17$
'RVXQLGDGHVGHO,17$UHDOL]DQDFWXDOPHQWHWUDEDMRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHODFUtDHQFDXWLYHULRGH
xDQG~HVHO,17$6DQ/XLV TXH WUDEDMD FRQOD HVSHFLH GH OD UHJLyQ SDPSHDQD \GHO1RUWHGHOSDtV
5KHD DPHULFDQDxDQG~FRP~QRPRUR\HO,17$%DULORFKH TXH WUDEDMDFRQODHVSHFLHSDWDJyQLFD
5KHDSHQQDWDFKRLTXHRxDQG~SHWLVR7DPELpQVHUHDOL]DQFLHUWDVDFWLYLGDGHVHQHO,17$%DOFDUFH
\HQHO,QVWLWXWRGH7HFQRORJtDGH$OLPHQWRVGHOFRPSOHMR&DVWHODU
LGLD;;,
Descargar