FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX MOMENTOS ELECTIVOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LA NEUROSIS OBSESIVA. ACERCA DEL HISTORAL FREUDIANO DEL “HOMBRE DE LAS RATAS” ELECTIVE MOMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE OBSESSIVE NEUROSIS. ABOUT THE FREUDIAN “MAN OF THE RATS” E F G H I F J _ (OWUDEDMRSURFXUDVLWXDUODVHQFUXFLMDGDVHOHFWLYDVTXH GHWHUPLQDQ OD SURGXFFLyQ GH OD QHXURVLV REVHVLYD (Q IXQFLyQGHGHOLPLWDU³ORHOHFWLYR´VHORRSRQHDORGLVUXSWL YRHQODKLVWRULDGHOVXMHWR/XHJRVHDUWLFXODQORHOHFWLYR \ORGLVUXSWLYRHQORVFDPLQRVGHIRUPDFLyQGHVtQWRPD IUHXGLDQRV7RPDGRFRPRSDUDGLJPDGHOWLSRFOtQLFRHQ FXHVWLyQVHDQDOL]DHOKLVWRULDOIUHXGLDQRGHO+RPEUHGH ODV5DWDVSURFXUDQGRXELFDUWDOHVHQFUXFLMDGDVHOHFWLYDV L M N P M M O W P M X Q R N B ; C & & ! 9 $ " * * & : ; " $ ! 2 R " Z > E _ b a [ \ P # & * % ? $ & % T W .H\ZRUGV 7UDXPD(OHFWLRQ)UHXG ^ U ] 5 & > & % ! @ & ' 4 ( * " 1 A & 1 & ' & % ) ! * + & % " , - . & + % " & * + % $ ) & - / 0 1 ' 2 3 * + " - 4 5 + " , ! 6 " * $ & + * 7 ! / 0 ' 5 8 < = a U R K 1 ; T T Y 2 : S N K 9 M M G 7KH ZRUN WULHV WR ORFDWH WKH HOHFWLYH FURVVURDGV WKDW GHWHUPLQDWHVWKHSURGXFWLRQRIWKHREVHVVLYHQHXURVLV,Q RUGHU WR GHOLPLWDWH ³WKH HOHFWLYH´ LW LV RSSRVHG WR WKH GLVUXSWLYH LQ WKH KLVWRU\ RI WKH VXEMHFW $IWHU WKDW ZH DUWLFXODWHHOHFWLYHDQGWKHGLVUXSWLYHWKLQJRQWKHEDVHVR I WKH IUHXGLDQ ZD\V RI V\PSWRPV EXLOGLQJ 7DNHQ DV D SDUDGLJPRIWKHREVHVVLYHQHXURVLVWKHIUHXGLDQFDVHRI WKH 0DQ RI WKH 5DWV LV DQDO\]HG WU\LQJ WR ORFDWH VXFK HOHFWLYHFURVVURDGV K V ` " D ! > 4 * + ! & @ DE LA PÁGINA 63 A LA 70 ! ( $ % > * & * * - % 1 / + 0 1 , ! 6 " * $ & / 0 ' 5 8 1 3 + ! " % & ' ( " & ' % ) ! * + & % " , - . & + % " & * + % $ ) & - / 0 1 = 2 > & * % ? > 63 MOMENTOS ELECTIVOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LA NEUROSIS OBSESIVA. ACERCA DEL HISTORAL FREUDIANO DEL “HOMBRE DE LAS RATAS” ELECTIVE MOMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE OBSESSIVE NEUROSIS. ABOUT THE FREUDIAN “MAN OF THE RATS” Frydman, Arturo; Thompson, Santiago (VWHWUDEDMRVHHQPDUFDHQHOSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ ³3UHVHQFLD\H¿FDFLDFDXVDOGHORWUDXPiWLFRHQODFXUD SVLFRDQDOtWLFDGHODVQHXURVLV´ 6RVWHQHPRVFRPRXQDGHQXHVWUDVKLSyWHVLVTXHHOPpWRGR SVLFRDQDOtWLFRDGHPiVGHXQVXMHWRGHWHUPLQDGRSRUPHFD QLVPRVLQFRQFLHQWHVSHUPLWHGHVSHMDUODFDXVDOLGDGSRU HOHFFLyQTXHLQWHUYLHQHHQODHVWUXFWXUDFLyQHODERUDFLyQ\ UHVROXFLyQGHODQHXURVLV3ODQWHDPRVFRPRXQREMHWLYRGH QXHVWUDLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHVSHMDU³ODSDUWLFLSDFLyQDOPLVPR GHOVHUKDEODQWHHQORV WLHPSR DFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGLVUXSWLYRVGHODKLVWRULD\GHODDFWXDOLGDG GHVXVVtQWRPDVQHXUyWLFRV´/RPEDUGL F/RTXHOODPDUHPRV³ORFRQWLQJHQWH´TXH)UHXGGHMDGHO ODGRGHODVYLYHQFLDVVH[XDOHVLQIDQWLOHV\GHOYLYHQFLDU DFFLGHQWDOGHODGXOWR 5HVSHFWRGH³ORQRHOHJLEOH´ORHOHFWLYRVHSUHVHQWDFRPR XQDUHVSXHVWDVXEMHWLYD(VGHFLUTXHHQWHQGHPRVDORV PRPHQWRVHOHFWLYRVHQSVLFRDQiOLVLVFRPRDTXHOORTXH UHVSRQGHUHVSHFWRGHORTXHLUUXPSHDOPRGRGHXQWUDXPD c d p q s t ~ r s v } r t v q u u f s x | e q y g h u v ~ v i k w q y j m r q v j q w u l v | t l } q n u r r h v t } r r s e x ~ h x } v o v n x l t q y x t h z u m y v u i { | q q _ F F b b J F _ J F H E G G m | y } ~ u x q r ~ q v t r t v v u } v u t ~ v y x r x } q y v q ~ y q y s r } t v q r | u v (VWD DUWLFXODFLyQ HQWUH OR GLVUXSWLYR \ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH HOHFFLyQVHHYLGHQFLDHQORTXHSRGHPRVVLWXDUFRPROD HOHFFLyQGHODQHXURVLV6ROHUGHVWDFDODHOHFFLyQGHOD QHXURVLVFRQFLHUQHDOJRFH/DQHXURVLVHVODUHVXOWDQWH GHXQDGHIHQVDIUHQWHDOJRFHUHVSHFWRGHOFXDOODDQJXV WLDGHFDVWUDFLyQFRQGLFLRQDXQUHWURFHVR(OHJLUXQWLSR FOtQLFRHVHOHJLUXQPRGRSDUWLFXODUGHGHIHQVDFRQWUDHO JRFH/D TXHGDQHQWRQFHVHQXQSODQRGH HTXLYDOHQFLD v ~ u v K x } s q ~ u } ~ q q z r v r } q 3DUDDERUGDUHVWDFXHVWLyQWRPDUHPRVFRPRUHIHUHQWHHO FDVRFOtQLFRTXHHVLQGLVFXWLEOHPHQWHHOSDUDGLJPDGHOD OLWHUDWXUDDQDOtWLFDHQORTXHUHVSHFWDDODQHXURVLVREVH VLYDKDEODPRVGHOKLVWRULDOIUHXGLDQRFRQRFLGRFRPR³(O KRPEUHGHODVUDWDV´ | v K F F b a _ G E I _ G F J F F ` F v ~ ~ } u v | v v u x } r s y q t ~ ¡ v ¢ u u x } £ ~ v y q ~ v N M s q r } ~ } u | v r { v x q N M q ¤ ¥ (QORVKLWRVTXHKDFHQSDUD)UHXGDODIRUPDFLyQGHVtQ WRPDSRGHPRVGLVFHUQLUDOOtWDQWRORTXHVHOHLPSRQHDO VXMHWRFRPRDTXHOODVLQVWDQFLDVGRQGHWLHQHODFKDQFHGH HOHJLU /DIRUPDFLyQGHVtQWRPDWLHQHFRPRFRQGLFLRQHVQHFHVDULDV /DDGKHUHQFLDDXQDPRGDOLGDGGHVDWLVIDFFLyQSXOVLR QDOTXHHFKDVXVUDtFHVHQOD¿MDFLyQOLELGLQDOOD³LQPR YLOL]DFLyQGHXQGHWHUPLQDGRPRQWRGHHQHUJtDOLELGLQR VD´ )UHXG E /D ILMH]D SXOVLRQDO HV XQD SUHFRQGLFLyQLQDXJXUDOGHODIRUPDFLyQGHVtQWRPD(O FDUiFWHUGH¿MRGHORSXOVLRQDOORSRQHHQODVDQWtSRGDV GH OR HOHJLEOH 7DO PRGDOLGDG GH JRFH TXH VH ¿MD HV DTXHOORTXHQRVHSXHGHHOHJLU IUXVWUDFLyQH[WHULRUGHODVDWLVIDFFLyQ 8QD OLELGLQDOXQDIUXVWUDFLyQTXHVHSURGXFHQHFHVDULDPHQ WH R SRU FRQWLQJHQFLD $TXt )UHXG KDFH UHIHUHQFLD DO ³YLYHQFLDUDFFLGHQWDOGHODGXOWR´ XQ³GHFLUTXHQR´SRUSDUWHGHXQD LQVWDQFLDSVtTXLFDUHVSHFWRGHODQXHYDPRGDOLGDGGH VDWLVIDFFLyQ SXOVLRQDO TXH HV DFWLYDGD D SDUWLU GH WDO YLYHQFLDUDFFLGHQWDO3RUORTXHHQWLHQGHDORVVtQWRPDV QHXUyWLFRVFRPR³HOUHVXOWDGRGHXQFRQÀLFWRTXHVH OLEUDHQWRUQRGHXQDQXHYDPRGDOLGDGGHODVDWLVIDF FLyQSXOVLRQDO´)UHXGE K (QQXHVWURUHFRUULGRKDVWDODIHFKDKDFHPRVHTXLYDOHUD ULHVJRGHFDHUHQDOJXQDLPSUHFLVLyQORVWpUPLQRV 1XHVWUDLQYHV WLJDFLyQDSXQWDDUHFRUWDUODVFRQWLQJHQFLDVKLVWyULFDVR KLVWRUL]DGDVTXHGHMDQPDUFDVHQHOVHUKDEODQWH\TXHQR VRQDMHQDVDOOXJDUTXHRFXSyHOVXMHWRIUHQWHDHOODV(V GHFLUHOSXQWRHQTXHODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVGHORVHQFXHQ WURVIRUWXLWRVLPSOLFDQWDPELpQXQDGHWHUPLQDGDD¿UPD FLyQVXEMHWLYD 'LVFHUQLUORHOHFWLYRHQODSURGXFFLyQGHODQHXURVLVLPSOL FDHQSULPHUOXJDURSRQHUOR\GHOLPLWDUORHQUHODFLyQDOR QRHOHJLEOH(QHOFDPSRGHOSVLFRDQiOLVLVHVHQRHOHJL EOHSRGHPRVXELFDUORHQDOPHQRVWUHVFDWHJRUtDV v ~ } u | v ~ } r } u x q w y | v s q r } ~ } u | v r { v x q v ~ K K K K K K K K v t r y u ¦ K D'HOODGRGHOWUDXPD 'HQWURGHORTXHFDHEDMRODpJLGDGHORWUDXPiWLFRSRGH PRVGLVWLQJXLUVLJXLHQGRXQWUDEDMRGH6ROHU ORTXHYLHQHGHOOXJDUGHO2WURDTXHOORWUDXPiWLFRUHV SHFWRGHORFXDOHVSRVLEOHVXSRQHUXQDJHQWH<SRUOR WDQWRDOLQGXFLUSRUVXQDWXUDOH]DWDOVXSRVLFLyQLQFOX\H HOJHUPHQGHXQVHQWLGRSRVLEOHDWULEXLEOHDORTXHVH SUHVHQWDFRPRGLVUXSWLYR 3RURSRVLFLyQDTXHOORTXHLUUXPSHHQODYLGDGHOVXMHWR VLQ2WURGLVFHUQLEOH6ROHUXELFDDTXtWRGRORTXHSRQH PRVFRWLGLDQDPHQWHDFXHQWDGHORDFFLGHQWDO (VHYLGHQWHTXHVXSRQHUOHRQRXQRWURDOVXFHVRWUDXPi WLFRLPSOLFD\DXQDSRVLFLyQHOVXMHWR\DTXH¿QDOPHQWH WRGRDFFLGHQWHSXHGHVHUOHtGRFRPRXQDPDQLIHVWDFLyQ GHODYROXQWDGGHXQ2WURVREUHKXPDQR K U K P § ¨ M v t r y u ¦ K K K E/DVH[XDOLGDGORTXHORSXOVLRQDOWLHQHGHGLVUXSWLYRGH SDUD HO VXMHWR (O JRFH FRPR DTXHOOR TXH QR VH HOLJHLUUXPSH\VHSUHVHQWDFRPRDOJRDODYH]tQWLPR\ H[WHULRU v x v t q 6ROHU&(OWUDXPD 64 $ ODV FRQWLQJHQFLDV GH OD OLELGR UHVSRQGH XQ PRPHQWR HOHFWLYRHOYHWRGHXQDSDUWHGHODSHUVRQDOLGDG(QXQ SULPHUWLHPSRWHQHPRVOD¿MDFLyQGHXQDPRGDOLGDGGH JRFHOXHJRXQ³1R´TXHVHOHLPSRQHDOVXMHWR5HVSHFWR GHHVWRWHQHPRVXQSRVLFLRQDPLHQWRGHOVXMHWRDQWHHO FRQÀLFWR TXH LPSOLFD HO YHWR $QWH OD LQYHVWLGXUD GH ORV SXQWRVGH¿MDFLyQOLELGLQDO)UHXGFRQFLEHTXH³HOFRQÀLFWR TXHGDSODQWHDGRVLHO\R«QRSUHVWDVXDFXHUGRDHVWDV UHJUHVLRQHV´)UHXGE/RTXHLPSOLFDXQDWRPD GHSRVLFLyQSRUSDUWHGHOVXMHWR )UHXGHQWRQFHVSRQHHQHOFHQWURGHODSURGXFFLyQGHOD QHXURVLVXQFRQÀLFWRFX\RUHVXOWDGRHVHOVtQWRPD DE LA PÁGINA 63 A LA 70 FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX ³8QIUDJPHQWRGHODSHUVRQDOLGDGVXVWHQWDFLHUWRVGHVHRV RWURVHUHYXHOYH\VHGH¿HQGHFRQWUDHOORV6LQXQFRQÀLFWR GHHVDFODVHQRKD\QHXURVLV´)UHXGD (VWHFRQÀLFWRGLMLPRVHVWDSUHFHGLGRSRUXQD XQ³GHFLUTXHQR´TXHSDUWHGHXQDLQVWDQFLDSVtTXLFD v t r y u ¦ ³(OFRQÀLFWRHVHQJHQGUDGRSRUODIUXVWUDFLyQHOODKDFHTXH ODOLELGRSLHUGDVXVDWLVIDFFLyQ\VHYHDREOLJDGDDEXVFDU RWURVREMHWRV\FDPLQRV$TXHOWLHQHSRUFRQGLFLyQTXHHV WRVRWURVFDPLQRV\REMHWRVGHVSLHUWHQHQRMRHQXQDSDUWH GHODSHUVRQDOLGDGGHPRGRTXHVHSURGX]FDXQYHWRTXH HQ SULQFLSLR LPSRVLELOLWH OD QXHYD PRGDOLGDG GH VDWLVIDF FLyQ´)UHXGD © © (VWH³HQRMRHQXQDSDUWHGHODSHUVRQDOLGDG´FRQOOHYDXQ YHWRXQPRPHQWRHOHFWLYRFHQWUDOHQODFDXVDFLyQGHOD QHXURVLV GHWRQDQWH GH WRGD XQD VHULH GH URGHRV TXH )UHXGGHQRPLQD³FDPLQRVGHIRUPDFLyQGHVtQWRPD´(O TXLGGHODFXHVWLyQHVTXHHO\RSUHVWHRQRDFXHUGRDO GHYHQLUSXOVLRQDO ³HOFRQÀLFWRTXHGDSODQWHDGRVLHO\R«QRSUHVWDVXDFXHU GRDHVWDVUHJUHVLRQHV/DOLELGRHVFRPRDWDMDGD\WLHQH TXHLQWHQWDUHVFDSDUDDOJ~QODGRDGRQGHKDOOHXQGUHQDMH SDUDVXLQYHVWLGXUDHQHUJpWLFDVHJ~QORH[LJHHOSULQFLSLR GHSODFHU7LHQHTXHVXVWUDHUVHGHO\R/HSHUPLWHQWDOHV FDSDWRULDODV¿MDFLRQHVGHMDGDVHQODYtDGHVXGHVDUUROOR TXHDKRUDHOODUHFRUUHHQVHQWLGRUHJUHVLYR\GHODVFXDOHV HO\RHQVXPRPHQWRVHKDEtDSURWHJLGRSRUPHGLRGHUH SUHVLRQHV´)UHXGE © © © /DGHQHJDFLyQGHO\RDFWLYDODVHULHGHPHFDQLVPRVTXH GDQSRUUHVXOWDGRODIRUPDFLyQGHVtQWRPD F ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ª « ¬ ¤ ¢4XpVHHOLJHFXDQGRVHVRVWLHQHHOYHWRTXHOOHYDDOD QHXURVLV" 6HHOLJHXQDUHODFLyQFRQODPRGDOLGDGGHJRFHVLJQDGD SRUHOQRTXHUHUVDEHUODTXHOOHYDDXQDUHQXQFLDUHVSHF WRGHODFWR(QODQHXURVLVVHHOLJHXQDPRGL¿FDFLyQHQHO FXHUSRRHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRHQGHWULPLHQWRGHXQDPRGL ¿FDFLyQHQHOPXQGRH[WHULRU6HHOLJHXQDDGDSWDFLyQ UHVLJQDQGRXQDDFFLyQ /R TXH LPSOLFD XQ HPSREUHFLPLHQWR GH ORV OD]RV GH OD SHUVRQDFRQHORWUR8QDHYLWDFLyQGHOHQFXHQWURFRQHO GHVHR GHO 2WUR DQWH HO TXH VH UHWURFHGH SDUD HYLWDU HO SDVDMHDQJXVWLRVRTXH VXSRQH HO HQFXHQWUR OR TXHHQ QXHVWURV GtDV VH GHQRPLQD ³IRELD VRFLDO´ (O VtQWRPD SRVLELOLWDXQUHFRUULGRSXOVLRQDOTXHSUHVFLQGHGHOSDVDMH SRUHO2WUR&RPRVHxDOD/DFDQVXEUD\DQGRHVWHGHVHQ JDFKHUHVSHWRGHO2WURFX\RHQFXHQWURHOVXMHWRUHQXQFLD HOVtQWRPD³HVHOPXWLVPRGHOVXMHWRTXHVHVXSRQHTXH KDEOD´/DFDQ K K K ª ¡ ¤ £ « ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ $KRUDELHQODQHXURVLV\HVSHFLDOPHQWHODQHXURVLVRE VHVLYDQRVHOLPLWDQDODIRUPDFLyQGHOVtQWRPD (O VtQWRPD XQD YH] SURGXFLGR SDVD DO OXJDU GH OR TXH K DE LA PÁGINA 63 A LA 70 LUUXPSH<ODQHXURVLVVHFRPSOHWDFRQXQSRVLFLRQDPLHQ WRGHOVHUKDEODQWHUHVSHFWRDOVtQWRPD K ³ODVQHXURVLVGHWUDVIHUHQFLDVHJHQHUDQSRUTXHHO\RQR TXLHUHDFRJHUQLGDUWUiPLWHPRWRUDXQDPRFLyQSXOVLRQDO SXMDQWHHQHOHOORROHLPSXJQDHOREMHWRTXHWLHQHSRUPHWD (QWDOHVFDVRVHO\RVHGH¿HQGHGHDTXHOODPHGLDQWHHO PHFDQLVPRGHODUHSUHVLyQORUHSULPLGRVHUHYXHOYHFRQWUD HVHGHVWLQR\VLJXLHQGRFDPLQRVVREUHORVTXHHO\RQR WLHQHSRGHUDOJXQRVHSURFXUDXQDVXEURJDFLyQVXVWLWXWLYD TXHVHLPSRQHDO\RSRUODYtDGHOFRPSURPLVRHVHOVtQWR PD(O\RHQFXHQWUDTXHHVWHLQWUXVRDPHQD]D\PHQRVFD EDVXXQLFLGDGSURVLJXHODOXFKDFRQWUDHOVtQWRPDWDOFRPR VHKDEtDGHIHQGLGRGHODPRFLyQSXOVLRQDORULJLQDULD\WRGR HVWRGDSRUUHVXOWDGRHOFXDGURGHODQHXURVLV´)UHXG © © /RVUHWRUQRVGHOSURFHVRUHSUHVLYRWLHQHQODFDUDFWHUtVWLFD GHXQFXHUSRH[WUDxRVHPDQL¿HVWDQFRPRXQDDMHQLGDG TXHFRUURPSHODXQLYRFLGDGGHO\R/DUHVSXHVWDHOHFWLYD GHODQHXURVLVREVHVLYDWDPELpQLPSOLFDGHIHQGHUVHFRQ WUDHVWHHOHPHQWRGLVRQDQWHOLEUDQGRXQDOXFKDTXHDVSLUD UHVWDXUDUODVXSXHVWDLQWHJULGDGSHUGLGD (QWRQFHVVLELHQHOVtQWRPDHVHOUHVXOWDGRGHXQDGHIHQ VD FRQWUD XQD GHWHUPLQDGD PRGDOLGDG GH VDWLVIDFFLyQ SXOVLRQDO\DXQDGHIHQVDFRQWUDHOJRFHQRFXOPLQDDOOt OD SURGXFFLyQ GH OD REVHVLyQ 8Q VHJXQGR PRYLPLHQWR FRQVLVWHHQODGHIHQVDTXHHULJHHO\RUHVSHFWRGHOVtQWR PD /D QHXURVLV VH HVWUXFWXUD SRU OR WDQWR FRPR XQD GHIHQVDFRQWUDHOVtQWRPD(VFDUDFWHUL]DGDFRPRXQD IRUPDGHDUUHJOiUVHODVFRQHOVtQWRPDTXHFRQVLVWHHQ DFRPRGDUVHDHOOR (QWHQGHPRVTXHODGHIHQVDVHFXQGDULDFRQWUDHOVtQWRPD HVXQVHJXQGRPRPHQWRHOHFWLYRHQODSURGXFFLyQGHOD QHXURVLV(OVtQWRPDVHSUHVHQWL¿FDDKRUDFRPRORGLVUXS WLYR<SDUWLFXODUPHQWHODQHXURVLVREVHVLYDOOHYDD)UHXG DUHYDORUL]DUHOWpUPLQR³GHIHQVD´GHVWDFDQGRODQRWDEOH SDUWLFLSDFLyQGHOVHUKDEODQWHHQODHOHFFLyQGHVXVROXFLyQ ,QFOXLPRVDTXtODVDVtGHQRPLQDGDV³DOWHUDFLRQHVGHFD UiFWHU´3RUHVWDYtDHOVtQWRPDHVDVLPLODGRSRUHO\R &RQOOHYDODLPSOLFDFLyQGHOVXMHWRHQVXFRQGXFWD/DFDQ TXH /DFDQ GHVWDFD FRPR FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GHO REVHVLYRHOVtQWRPDVHUHLQWHJUDDO\R\IRUPDSDUWHGH VXSUHVHQWDFLyQFRPRDOJXLHQRUGHQDGRSXOFURDOWUXLVWD REVWLQDGRHVFUXSXORVRHWF 2WUDIRUPDTXHWRPDODGHIHQVDVHFXQGDULDHVODLGHQWL¿ FDFLyQDOOXJDUGHHQIHUPRTXHKR\HVWiHQERJDEDMROD IRUPDGHORVOODPDGRVWUDVWRUQRV(OVXMHWRDGLIHUHQFLD GHOTXHVHVRVWLHQHHQHO³\RVR\DVt´GHOFDUiFWHUVHUH FRQRFHFRPRDIHFWDGRSRUXQSDGHFHUDFRQGLFLyQGHTXH HVWHVHDWUDWDGRFRPRXQDDIHFFLyQRUJiQLFD/DUHFLHQWH LQFOXVLyQGHODWULVWH]DODWLPLGH]\ODUHEHOGtDHQHO'60 9DEUHQXQFDPSRIpUWLODWDOHVSUHWHQVLRQHV 'HHVWHPRGRHOVXMHWRHQPDVFDUDODHOHFFLyQTXHVXSRQH OD HQIHUPHGDG EDMR OD IRUPD DOJR TXH HV DMHQR \ VH OH LPSRQHFRPRORKDUtDXQHVWDGRJULSDO3UHWHQGHKDFHUGH VXVHOHFFLRQHVXQDJHQWHH[WUDxRGHELWDUODVDODFXHQWD GHORTXHQRVHHOLJH K K K K K K K 65 MOMENTOS ELECTIVOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LA NEUROSIS OBSESIVA. ACERCA DEL HISTORAL FREUDIANO DEL “HOMBRE DE LAS RATAS” ELECTIVE MOMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE OBSESSIVE NEUROSIS. ABOUT THE FREUDIAN “MAN OF THE RATS” Frydman, Arturo; Thompson, Santiago ­ _ F J F F F ® b b I ` J E F F _ F _ ` G G E _ F G a _ J G (OKLVWRULDOIUHXGLDQRHVUHFRQRFLGRFRPRXQFDVRSDUD GLJPiWLFRGHOWLSRFOtQLFRREVHVLYR/DFDQORFDUDFWHUL]D FRPR³HOFDVRGHGRQGHSURYLHQHWRGRORTXHVDEHPRVGH ODQHXURVLVREVHVLYD´/DFDQD(VSRUHOORTXH ORWRPDUHPRVFRPRYtDSDUDXELFDUORFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGH VXVHQFUXFLMDGDVHOHFWLYDV /RTXHQRVSDUHFHGHVWDFDEOHUHVSHFWRGHOFDVRHVFRPR ¿QDOPHQWHWRGDODQHXURVLVHVWiHVWUXFWXUDGDHQIXQFLyQ GHODHYLWDFLyQGHOHQFXHQWURFRQHORWURVH[R/RTXHHVH HOLJHFXDQGRVHHOLJHODQHXURVLVHVFRPRGLMLPRVDKR UUDUVHODDQJXVWLDGHFDVWUDFLyQTXHLPSOLFDHOHQFXHQWUR FRQHOGHVHRGHO2WUR(OUHVXOWDGRPiVGHVWDFDEOHGHOD FRQWUDFFLyQGHODQHXURVLVHVTXHWDOSRVLFLyQGHOVXMHWR OHHYLWDHQFXDQWRKRPEUHHYDGLUKDVWDORTXHVDEHPRV HOHQFXHQWURFRQFXDWURPXMHUHVVXDPDGD*LVHODOD SULPDHOHJLGDSRUVXIDPLOLDODHPSOHDGDGHOFRUUHR\OD KLMDGHOSRVDGHUR K K GDGPDVWXUEDGRUDVHDQXGDDXQDIDQWDVtDHQHVWHFDVR YHU PXFKDFKDV GHVQXGDV /D IDQWDVtD HV XQD SULPHUD WUDPLWDFLyQGHJRFH\HQHOIRQGRXQDGHIHQVDFRQWUDpO /RTXHVHSUHVHQWDEDFRPRXQHOHPHQWR DODIDQWDVtD\SRUHVWDYtDHOJRFHGHYLHQHSODFHUTXHVH PDQL¿HVWDDELHUWDPHQWHFRPRFXULRVLGDG(QWDOVHQWLGR D¿UPD/DFDQ v x v t q Q T M \ W ^ M ³*UDFLDVDODUHODFLyQSRVLWLYDGHOVXMHWRFRQHOJRFHOODPD GRVH[XDOSHURVLQTXHHVWpDVHJXUDGDGHQLQJ~QPRGROD FRQMXQFLyQ VH[XDGD DSDUHFH HO GHVHR GH VDEHU « (O SXQWRIXQGDPHQWDOGHOGHVFXEULPLHQWRSVLFRDQDOtWLFRHVHO SDVR GHFLVLYR TXH GLR )UHXG DO UHYHODU OD UHODFLyQ GH OD FXULRVLGDG VH[XDO FRQ WRGR HO RUGHQ GHO VDEHU´ /DFDQ E © (VQHFHVDULRSDUWLUGHFDUDFWHUL]DUDODLQYDVLyQGHOJRFH VH[XDOFRPRXQDUHDSDULFLyQHQORUHDOGHDOJRIRUFOXLGR GHORVLPEyOLFRSDUDVLWXDUSRUXQODGRVXGLPHQVLyQWUDX PiWLFD\SRUHORWURVXVVHFXHODVVXVROGDGXUDDORVLP EyOLFRFRPRIDQWDVtDODFXULRVLGDGVH[XDOFRPRPDQLIHV WDFLyQGHXQGHVHRGHVDEHU\ODUHVWDXUDFLyQGHXQ2WUR TXHVDEHGHHVRKHWHURTXHLUUXPSLyFRQGLFKRVHIHFWRV FDWDVWUy¿FRV K K ¬ « ¤ ¡ ¡ ª £ K $ERUGHPRVHQSULQFLSLRODSURGXFFLyQGHODQHXURVLVLQ IDQWLOTXH)UHXGQRVSUHVHQWDFRPRSRVH\HQGRWRGRVORV HOHPHQWRVTXHKDFHQDXQDQHXURVLVFRPSOHWD 3RGHPRVVLWXDUHQXQSULPHUWLHPSRODVHUHFFLRQHVTXH HOSDFLHQWHQRVGLFH)UHXGSDGHFH(VWH³SDGHFHU´QRV GDFXHQWD\DGHOFDUiFWHUGLVUXSWLYRGHODVH[XDOLGDG6H WUDWDGHXQDLQWUXVLyQTXHDOLJXDOTXH)UHXG/DFDQXELFD DOLQLFLRGHODQHXURVLV K ³¢'HTXHGHVYtRUHVXOWDODHFORVLyQGHXQDQHXURVLV"'HOD LQWUXVLyQSRVLWLYDGHXQJRFHDXWRHUyWLFRSHUIHFWDPHQWH WLSL¿FDGRHQODVSULPHUDVVHQVDFLRQHVOLJDGDVPiVRPHQRV OLJDGDVDORQDQLVPRPiVDOOiGHFyPRVHOROODPHHQHO QLxR´/DFDQE 3RU VXSXHVWR TXH HV SUHFLVR UHVSRQGHU SRU TXp HVDV PDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHDXWRHURWLVPRFRUUHODWLYDVDODLUUXS FLyQGHXQJRFHWHQGUtDQGLFKRHIHFWRFDWDVWUy¿FRHQHO SHTXHxRVHU(VGHFLU¢FXDOHVODGL¿FXOWDGGHDVLPLODUFRQ PD\RURPHQRUVLPSDWtDHVDQRYHGDGTXHVHOHLPSRQH\ TXH HO SVLFRDQiOLVLV KD GHWHFWDGR HQ OD SURGXFFLyQ GH WRGDQHXURVLV" /DUHVSXHVWDTXH/DFDQDYHQWXUDHVTXHHOJRFHVH[XDO HVWDUDGLFDOPHQWHIRUFOXLGR K ³6LKDEOpFRQUD]yQGHIRUFOXVLyQSDUDLQGLFDUFLHUWRVHIHF WRVGHODUHODFLyQVLPEyOLFDDTXtHVGRQGHFRQYLHQHVHxDODU HOSXQWRGRQGHHOODQRHVDSHODEOH$JUHJXpTXHWRGRORTXH HVUHSULPLGRHQORVLPEyOLFRUHDSDUHFHHQORUHDOSRUHVR HOJRFHHVFRPSOHWDPHQWHUHDO\DTXHQRHVWiVLPEROL]DGR QLHVVLPEROL]DEOHHQQLQJXQDSDUWHGHOVLVWHPDGHOVXMHWR´ /DFDQE © (VGHFLUTXHVXLUUXSFLyQKDFHWDPEDOHDUWRGDODDUPDGX UDVLPEyOLFDGHOQLxRORTXHYDDUHTXHULUXQWUDEDMRSDUD 3RUHVRHQXQVHJXQGRPRPHQWRVLJXLHQGRODVHFXHQFLD GHOLQHDGDSRU)UHXGHQ³)DQWDVtDVKLVWpULFDV«´ODDFWLYL K P T Q M ¨ O N T R T P W \ M R Z T P M q w v q r x y r } r ¨ K 66 ³6pWDPELpQTXHDUDt]GHHOORWXYHTXHVXSHUDUXQRVUHSD URVSXHV\RYLVOXPEUDEDHOQH[RFRQPLVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV \PLFXULRVLGDG\SRUHQWRQFHVWXYHGXUDQWHDOJ~QWLHPSR ODLGHDHQIHUPL]DGHTXHORVSDGUHVVDEUtDQPLVSHQVDPLHQ WRV OR FXDO PH H[SOLFDED SRU KDEHUORV \R GHFODUDGR VLQ RtUORV\RPLVPR´)UHXG © © (VWDUHVWDXUDFLyQGHO2WURHO2WURTXHVDEH\HVFDSD] GH OHHU PLV SHQVDPLHQWRV VH SURGXFH FRPR GHIHQVD IUHQWH D OD GHVRODFLyQ SURGXFLGD SRU OD LUUXSFLyQ GH XQ JRFHDFpIDOR 3HURFRPRIXHDQWLFLSDGRKDEUiXQWHUFHUPRPHQWRHQ HOTXHDHVWDIDQWDVtDVHVREUHLPSULPHXQDUHYXHOWD8QD VXHUWHHQWRQFHVGHGHIHQVDVREUHODGHIHQVDTXH\DQR WRPDODIRUPDGHXQUHFXEULPLHQWRVLQRGHXQDFRQWUDSR VLFLyQ(QVXUHVWDXUDFLyQHO2WURWRPDDGHPiVXQFDUiF WHUFUtWLFRDPHQD]DQWHSROLFLDFRVREUHODVUHSUHVHQWD FLRQHVGHIDQWDVtD &RQWLQ~DHOSDFLHQWH K K K ³9HRHQHVRHOFRPLHQ]RGHPLHQIHUPHGDG+DEtDSHUVRQDV PXFKDFKDVTXHPHJXVWDEDQPXFKR\SRUTXLHQHV\RVHQWtD XQXUJHQWtVLPRGHVHRGHYHUODVGHVQXGDV3HURDUDt]GHHVH GHVHDUWHQtDXQVHQWLPLHQWRRPLQRVRFRPRVLSRUIXHU]D KDEUtDGHVXFHGHUDOJRVL\RORSHQVDED\GHEtDKDFHUWRGD FODVHGHFRVDVSDUDLPSHGLUOR´)UHXG (QHVWHSDVDMHGHORXUJHQWtVLPRDORRPLQRVRSRGHPRV FRPHQ]DU D VLWXDU OR SURSLR GH OD QHXURVLV REVHVLYD (VWHHOHPHQWRRPLQRVRDGTXLHUHP~OWLSOHVUHSUHVHQWD FLRQHVPXHUWHHQIHUPHGDGWRUWXUDVHWF<HVWiVLHP SUH OLJDGR D OD LQPLQHQFLD GH DOJR WHUULEOH TXH KD GH DFRQWHFHU(VODIRUPDTXHDGTXLHUHODDQJXVWLDGHFDV WUDFLyQHQHOREVHVLYR K K K DE LA PÁGINA 63 A LA 70 FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX (QVXDQiOLVLVGHOUHODWRGHOSDFLHQWH)UHXGVLW~D HQHO LQLFLR³XQFRPSRQHQWHSXOVLRQDOVH[XDOHOSODFHUGHYHU FX\RUHVXOWDGRHVHOGHVHRTXHDxRUDVLHPSUHGHQXHYR \FRQPD\RULQWHQVLGDGFDGDYH]GHYHUGHVQXGDVDSHU VRQDV GHO VH[R IHPHQLQR TXH OH JXVWDQ´ $ OD SXOVLyQ HVFySLFDVHDQXGDXQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHIDQWDVtD VLQRPHGLDQWHXQDSULPHUDIRUPDFLyQVLQWRPiWLFDODSUR GXFFLyQGHXQDIyUPXODFRQXQDHVWUXFWXUDJUDPDWLFDOWt SLFDPHQWHREVHVLYD)UHXGGLVWLQJXH³XQDSXOVLyQHUyWLFD \XQDVXEOHYDFLyQFRQWUDHOOD´)UHXG3RGH PRVXELFDUDTXtRWURPRPHQWRHOHFWLYR$FiODVXEOHYD FLyQKDFHPDQL¿HVWRHOIDFWRUHOHFWLYRVLKD\VXEOHYDFLyQ HVSRUTXHSRGUtDQRKDEHUOD$WDOUHYXHOWDFRUUHVSRQGH XQWHPRUTXHHPHUJH\DFRPRUHWRUQRGHORUHSULPLGR K K K K K ³(VWHGHVHRFRUUHVSRQGHDODSRVWHULRULGHDREVHVLYDVtD~Q QRSRVHHFDUiFWHUREVHVLYRVHGHEHDTXHHO\RQRVHKD SXHVWRWRGDYtDHQSOHQDFRQWUDGLFFLyQFRQpOQRORVLHQWH FRPRDMHQRQRREVWDQWH\DVHPXHYHGHVGHDOJXQDSDUWH XQDFRQWUDGLFFLyQDHVWHGHVHRSXHVUHJXODUPHQWHXQDIHF WRSHQRVRDFRPSDxDVXHPHUJHQFLD´)UHXG ³XQGHVHRWRGDYtDQRREVHVLYR\XQWHPRU\DREVHVLYR TXHORFRQWUDUtDXQDIHFWRSHQRVR\XQHVIXHU]RKDFLDDF FLRQHVGHGHIHQVDHOLQYHQWDULRGHODQHXURVLVHVWiFRPSOH WR´)UHXG © © (VWHDIHFWRSHQRVRGDFXHQWDGHXQDSULPHUDYHUVLyQGHO FRQÀLFWR$ODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHIDQWDVtDVHOHFRQWUDSRQH XQDIHFWRTXHHVODSULPHUDVHxDOGHHQHPLVWDGSRUSDUWH GHO\R3RGHPRVSHQVDUORFRPRORTXH)UHXGXELFDFRQ SRVWHULRULGDGFRPRODVHxDOGHDQJXVWLD /DUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHIDQWDVtDSURGXFHXQDSULPHUDHPHU JHQFLDGHDQJXVWLD\HOVXMHWRVHSRVLFLRQDOXHJRUHWURFH GLHQGRSRUODYtDGHXQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQFRQWUDSXHVWDDOD TXHVHVXHOGDODDQJXVWLDHPHUJHQWH8QPRPHQWRHOHF WLYRHQHOTXHVHUHVSRQGHDODDQJXVWLDSRUODYtDGHOD GHIHQVD (VWRSUHFLSLWDHOXOWHULRUGHVDUUROOR K K K ³(VHYLGHQWHODSUHVHQFLDGHXQFRQÀLFWRHQODYLGDDQtPLFD GHO SHTXHxR FRQFXSLVFHQWH MXQWR DO GHVHR REVHVLYR XQ WHPRUREVHVLYRVHDQXGDHVWUHFKDPHQWHDDTXHOWRGDYH] TXHSLHQVDDOJRDVtHVIRU]DGRDWHPHUTXHVXFHGDDOJR WHUULEOH(VRWHUULEOHVHYLVWH\DGHXQDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDLPSUH FLVLyQTXHHQORVXFHVLYRQXQFDIDOWDUiHQODVH[WHULRUL]D FLRQHVGHODQHXURVLV´)UHXG © © (QODLPSUHFLVLyQVHxDODGDWHQHPRVODPDUFDGHODGHIHQ VD VHFXQGDULD /D UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ REVHVLYD HQ FXDQWR IRUPDFLyQVLQWRPiWLFDWUDQVPXWDHQWHPRUORTXH)UHXG GHQXQFLDFRPRXQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHQWUDPDGDDOGHVHR /DGHIHQVDVHFXQGDULDHQHOFDVRGHODREVHVLyQQRSHU PLWHTXHWDOUHSUHVHQWDFLyQDFFHGDIiFLOPHQWHDODFRQ FLHQFLDDXQWUDQVPXWDQGRVXDIHFWRHQWHPRU/DLPSUHFL VLyQ OD HOLVLyQ HV \D XQD GHIHQVD HOHFWLYD FRQWUD HO VtQWRPDODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQREVHVLYD3RUHOOR)UHXGFRQ FOX\HTXHORVREVHVLYRV³QRWLHQHQQRWLFLDGHOWH[WRGHVXV SURSLDVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVREVHVLYDV´)UHXG &RQWLQ~D)UHXG K K K K K ³(OWHPRUREVHVLYRUH]DEDSXHVUHVWDXUDGRVXVHQWLGR©6L \RWHQJRHOGHVHRGHYHUGHVQXGDDXQDPXMHUPLSDGUH WLHQHTXHPRULUª (O DIHFWR SHQRVR FREUD QtWLGDPHQWH OD FRORUDFLyQ GH OR RPLQRVRORVXSHUVWLFLRVR\\DRULJLQDLPSXOVRVDKDFHU DOJRSDUDH[WUDxDUVHGHODGHVJUDFLDVHPHMDQWHVDORVTXH VH LPSRQGUiQ OXHJR HQ ODV PHGLGDV SURWHFWRUDV )UHXG (QWRQFHV D OD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ GH IDQWDVtD OH VXFHGH HO DIHFWRRPLQRVR\QRKD\XQDVXSHUDFLyQGHORIXQHVWR DE LA PÁGINA 63 A LA 70 © $GLFKRWHPRUVHUHVSRQGHFRQDFFLRQHVGHGHIHQVD$Vt HVFRPRVHFRPSOHWDODQHXURVLV ¬ ¬ £ « ¤ £ (OSDFLHQWHVLW~DFRPRHOFRPLHQ]RGHVXVSDGHFLPLHQWRV \ODFLUFXQVWDQFLDTXHSURPRYLyODFRQVXOWDHOUHODWRSRU SDUWHGHO³FDSLWiQ$´GHOWRUPHQWRGHODVUDWDV1RVLQWH UHVDVLWXDUTXHWDOHQFXHQWURTXHHVSUHVHQWDGRSRUHO VXMHWRFRPRLQHVSHUDGRIXHLQFLWDGRSRUpO(QHIHFWRpO IXHDVHQWDUVHMXQWRDHVWHKRPEUHGHOTXHVDEtDGHVX JXVWRSRUORFUXHO K $VtUHFRQVWUX\H)UHXGHOUHODWRGHO+RPEUHGHODV5DWDV ³'XUDQWHHVHPLVPRDOWRWRPpDVLHQWRHQWUHGRVR¿FLDOHV XQRGHHOORVGHDSHOOLGRFKHFRHVWDEDGHVWLQDGRDYROYHU VHVLJQL¿FDWLYRSDUDPt7HQtD\RFLHUWDDQJXVWLDDQWHHVH KRPEUH SXHV HYLGHQWHPHQWH DPDED OR FUXHO 1R TXLHUR D¿UPDUTXHIXHUDPDORSHURGXUDQWHHOUDQFKRGHORVR¿FLD OHVUHSHWLGDVYHFHVKDEtDDERJDGRSRUODLQWURGXFFLyQGH ORV FDVWLJRV FRUSRUDOHV GH VXHUWH TXH \R KDEtD GHELGR FRQWUDGHFLUORFRQHQHUJtD´)UHXG © © 4XHGDGHVWDFDGDHQHVWHSiUUDIRVXGHFLVLyQGHWRPDU DVLHQWRMXQWRDHVHTXH\DDQWHVGHOHQFXHQWURORDQJXV WLDED SRU VX UHSURFKDEOH JXVWR +D\ HQ HO SULQFLSLR GH HVWDULYDOLGDGWDPELpQXQSODFHUGHYHU3ODFHUGHYHUDO TXHVHFRQWUDSRQHXQYHWRGHO\R K 3RUXQODGRORTXHVHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQDFRQWLQJHQFLD³OD YLYHQFLD´TXHVHWUDQVIRUPDHQODRFDVLyQGHODFRQVXOWD ³TXHIXHSDUDPtODRFDVLyQGLUHFWDGHDFXGLUDXVWHG´ GLFHHOSDFLHQWH6XSXHVWDFRQWLQJHQFLD\DTXHIXHDVX HQFXHQWUR $ QLYHO GHO \R DSDUHFH XQD IXHUWH REMHFLyQ PRUDODODVRSLQLRQHV\JXVWRVHOFDSLWiQPLHQWUDVTXHD QLYHOGHOJRFHORTXHDSDUHFHHVXQUHJRGHRHQODVHVFH QDVTXHHVWHSURSRQH(OLUDVHQWDUVHDVXODGRDHVFX FKDUOR GHQXQFLD HVWH JRFH ³GHVFRQRFLGR SDUD pO´ TXH OXHJRVHHYLGHQFLDGXUDQWHODFXUD$JUHJXHPRVTXHHO KHFKRGHKDEHULGRDOHQFXHQWURGH)UHXGHVWDEDVLJQDGR WDPELpQSRUHVWHFRPSRQHQWHTXHOXHJRVHOHWRUQDRPL QRVR6DEHPRVSRUORVDSXQWHVRULJLQDOHVGHOFDVRTXH HOSDFLHQWHIXHDYHUORFRQYHQFLGRGHTXHHQODIDPLOLDGH )UHXG DQLGDEDQ LQVWLQWRV DVHVLQRV VLHQGR VX KHUPDQR FpOHEUHSRUVXVFUtPHQHV K K K 67 MOMENTOS ELECTIVOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LA NEUROSIS OBSESIVA. ACERCA DEL HISTORAL FREUDIANO DEL “HOMBRE DE LAS RATAS” ELECTIVE MOMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE OBSESSIVE NEUROSIS. ABOUT THE FREUDIAN “MAN OF THE RATS” Frydman, Arturo; Thompson, Santiago (QHOHQFXHQWURFRQHOUHODWRGHOFDSLWiQFUXHOVHUHHGLWD ODOyJLFDDQWHVGHVFULSWDDQWHODIDQWDVtDSURYRFDGDSRU HOUHODWRIDQWDVtDTXH³ORVDFXGH´HQWDQWRIDOODHQYHODUOR UHSULPLGRTXHFRQVLVWHHQODVRGRPL]DFLyQURHGRUDGHVX SDGUH\DPDGD\TXHHVFDXVDGHXQKRUURUTXHUHYHOD 3DUDGHFLUORHQRWURVWpUPLQRVODUHODFLyQGHOSDFLHQWHFRQ OR RVFXUR GH VXV SXOVLRQHV HV GH XQ GHVFRQRFLPLHQWR DWHUUDGRDQWHVXVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGHIDQWDVtD/DVIRU PDFLRQHVVLQWRPiWLFDVVHSURGXFHQOXHJRFRPRDTXHOOR TXHHOVXMHWR³FRQRFHGHpOVLQUHFRQRFHUVHDOOt´/DFDQ 3ULPHUPRPHQWRHOHFWLYR K 6HJXQGRPRYLPLHQWRHQORTXHVHSURGXFHFRPRGHIHQVD VHFXQGDULDREVHUYDPRVFRPRDOGHVHRGHO2WURTXHLPSOL FDVXVRSRUWDUVXIDOWDODREVHVLyQHOLJHUHVSRQGHUWDSR QDQGRODIDOWDHQHO2WUR$QWHODLUUXSFLyQGHVXIDQWDVtD\ HOHUURUGHOFDSLWiQFUXHOUHVSRQGHGHIHQVLYDPHQWHFRQ DFFLRQHVTXHVHEDVDQHQORTXHVHSRGUtDHQXQFLDUFRPR XQ³(OQRVHHTXLYRFD'HERSDJDUODVFRURQDVDOWH QLHQWH$´DVtFRPRDQWHODVIDOWDVGHOSDGUHUHVSRQGHFRQ DFFLRQHVREVHVLYDVTXHSURFXUDQ¿JXUDUVXUHGHQFLyQ K K K ¥ ¬ « £ ¯ « 9DPRVDUHHQFRQWUDUODVPLVPDVFRRUGHQDGDVTXHHV WUXFWXUDQODVLWXDFLyQTXHGHVHPERFDHQODFRQVXOWDDO DQDOLVWDHQRWURVPRPHQWRVFODYHVGHODFRQVWLWXFLyQ\ GHVDUUROORGHODQHXURVLV (OHQFXHQWURFRQHOUHODWRGHOFDSLWiQFUXHOHVODFRQWLQ JHQFLDTXHGLVSDUDODPHQWDGDIDQWDVtDGHVRGRPL]DFLRQ URHGRUDFRQVXDEUXPDGRUFRUUHODWRGHIHQVLYRLPSRVL FLyQGHXQDGHXGDLPSRVLEOHGHVDOGDU\VHULHLOLPLWDGDGH IUDFDVRVSDUDFDQFHODUOD\SDJDUOD (VWDVLWXDFLyQYDDDQWLFLSDUHQHOUHODWRGHOSDFLHQWHD RWUDFRQWLQJHQFLDTXHIXHODPXHUWHGHVXSDGUH\ODIUDVH GHVXWtR³RWURVPDULGRVVHORSHUPLWHQWRGR«´OHtGDFRPR XQDGHQXQFLDVRODSDGDGHODVLQ¿GHOLGDGHVGHVXSDGUH $TXtHOLPSDFWRODUHYHODFLyQQXHYDPHQWHORFRQIURQWDD XQDGLV\XQWLYDVDEHUVREUHHOGHVHRGHO2WURRGHVFRQR FHUOR \ UHFXEULU VXV IDOWDV /D HOHFFLyQ GH OD REVHVLyQ LPSOLFDWRPDUHVWD~OWLPDYtDTXHHQFDVRGHO(UQVW/DQ ]HUVHWUDVXQWDFRPRXQRVUHSURFKHVSRUQRHVWDUFRQVX SDGUH HQ HO PRPHQWR GH VX PXHUWH \ XQD LQFDSDFLGDG SHUVLVWHQWHSDUDWUDEDMDU /D¿JXUDGHOSDGUHRFXSDXQOXJDUFHQWUDOHQORTXH/DFDQ GHQRPLQD ³OD QRYHOD IDPLOLDU GHO QHXUyWLFR´ HQ FXDQWR HQFDUQDFLyQGH2WURFX\DGHVWUXFFLyQVHUtDODSRVLELOLGDG SRVLELOLWDGRUD GH UHDOL]DFLyQ GHO GHVHR (Q HO FDVR GHO +RPEUHGHODV5DWDVODIDOWDHQHO2WURUHYHVWLGDGHVXV GLYHUVDVYHUVLRQHVVXPXHUWHODGHXGDVXFREDUGtDVXV SHFDGRVFRQ\XJDOHVSUHVWDORVVLJQL¿FDQWHVSDUDODWUD PDQHXUyWLFD /DSUHJXQWDTXHGHEHRULHQWDUQRVDKRUDHV¢&XiOGHVHR" K K K K K K VHQWDFLyQGHTXHVHUtDFRUUHVSRQGLGRVLOHRFXUUtDXQDGHV JUDFLDTXHQRSRGtDVHURWUDTXHODPXHUWHGHVXSDGUH /DVHJXQGDHVFHQDDFRQWHFHSRFRDQWHVGHODPXHUWHGH VXSDGUH(QDPRUDGRGH*LVHODVHHQFRQWUDEDHQDSULH WRVHFRQyPLFRVTXHHYHQWXDOPHQWHRSHUDUtDQGHEDUUHUD SDUDXQDSRVLEOHXQLyQ8QDYH]PiVODPXHUWHGHOSDGUH UHSUHVHQWDDTXtHOSDSHOGHVDOYRFRQGXFWRHQUD]yQGHOD FRQVHFXHQWHVXFHVLyQKHUHGLWDULD8QWHUFHUUHODWRXELFD DODDPDGDFRPRDTXHOODSHUVRQDFX\DVREUHYLGDSUHIH ULUtDDODGHOSDGUH /DFRQVWDQWHTXHGLVWLQJXH)UHXGHVTXHODPXHUWHGHO SDGUHDSDUHFHFRPRFRQGLFLyQGHSRVLELOLGDGGHDFFHVR DOHQFXHQWURFRQHORWURVH[R<DOVHUWDOUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ LQFRQFLOLDEOHFRQHO\RHVUHSULPLGD\ORVVtQWRPDVHPHU JHQFRPRVXUHWRUQR¿JXUDGR(QWpUPLQRVGH/DFDQOD GHVWUXFFLyQ GHO 2WUR HV FRQGLFLyQ GH OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GHO GHVHR\SRUORWDQWRHQIXQFLyQGHSUHVHUYDUDO2WURHV GHFLUSRU³ODVPHMRUHVUD]RQHV´HOGHVHRHVSRVWHUJDGR DGLQ¿QLWXP 'HVWDTXHPRVTXHLQVWDODUDOSDGUHFRPRSHUWXUEDGRUGHO JRFHHV\DXQDGHIHQVDFRQWUDHOJRFH'HFLUTXHHO2WUR HVODOH\RTXHHVHOJRFHHQWDQWRHVWDSURKLELGRHVOR PLVPRD¿UPD/DFDQ(VODHOHFFLyQGHOQHXUyWLFRFRPR UHVSXHVWDDODQRUHODFLyQVH[XDO 'HODDQJXVWLDGHFDVWUDFLyQFX\RDWUDYHVDPLHQWRVXSRQH HOHQFXHQWURFRQHORWURVH[RVHGH¿HQGHHOLJLHQGRODYtD REVHVLYDTXHLPSOLFDXELFDUXQ2WURFX\DGHVWUXFFLyQHV FRQGLFLyQGHODUHDOL]DFLyQGHVXGHVHR(V\DXQDGHIHQ VDUHVSHFWRGHODFXDO³HOSDGUHRODGDPD´HVXQDIDOVD DOWHUQDWLYD6REUHHVWHD[LRPDVHFRQVWUX\HODDUPDGXUD QHXUyWLFDTXHSUHVWDORVVHUYLFLRVGHXQDHYDVLyQUHVSHF WRGHORVSRVLEOHVHQFXHQWURVFRQXQDPXMHU(Q~OWLPD LQVWDQFLDHOHPEUROORTXHDUPDHQWRUQRDODGHYROXFLyQ GHOGLQHURHQIXQFLyQGHVRVWHQHU2WURVLQIDOODOHSHUPL WHVXVWUDHUVHGHORVUHFODPRVDPRURVRVTXHQRVGHVOL]D )UHXGOHUHDOL]DQWDQWRODHPSOHDGDGHOFRUUHRFRPROD KLMDGHOSRVDGHUR/LWHUDOPHQWHQRVDEHHQTXHHVWDFLyQ EDMDUVH\HOHVWDGRGH³ORFXUD´TXHORWRPDHQVXYLDMHHQ WUHQHVWD¿QDOPHQWHPRWLYDGRFRQHVTXLYDUHOHQFXHQWUR FRQDOJXQDGHODVGRVPXMHUHV (VWDOyJLFDREVHVLYDVHUHGXSOLFDHQORV³LPSXOVRVDVHVL QRV´KDFLDODDEXHODHQIHUPDGH*LVHODUHVSHFWRGHORV FXDOHVORV³LPSXOVRVVXLFLGDV´\DVRQGHIHQVD (VFODYHSUHFLVDUTXHORTXH)UHXGSRQHSRUPRPHQWRV EDMR OD HJLGD GH OD H[WHULRU QR GHMD GH VHU HIHFWRGHXQDHOHFFLyQTXHFRQVLVWHHQ¿MDUVHOLELGLQDO PHQWHDXQDGHWHUPLQDGDFRQWLQJHQFLD<DVHDODUHSUL PHQGDGHOSDGUHRODHQIHUPHGDGGHODDEXHODGH*LVHOD DPEDVFRQWLQJHQFLDVRIUHFHQXQYLDGXFWRSRUHOFXDOVH HYLWDODDQJXVWLDGHFDVWUDFLyQ/RPLVPRSXHGHGHFLUVH UHVSHFWRDODLUDFRQHOSULPRLQJOpVGH*LVHOD (VHPRPHQWRHOHFWLYRVHSLHUGHHQHOWH[WRIUHXGLDQRTXH GDQGRGLIXPLQDGREDMRODHOHFFLyQHQWUH³HOSDGUHRODGD PD´$SDUHFHFRPRHOHIHFWRGHXQDFRQWLQJHQFLD\GHVGH DOOtVyORSDUHFHDEULUVHHOFDPLQRSDUDXQDOHFWXUDGHWHUPL QLVWDGHODFDXVDFLyQGHODQHXURVLVFX\DHWLRORJtDWHUPLQD c K K K K K K K v t r y u ¦ K K K K F a E b I ° F E a H ` _ E $SDUWLUGHWUHVUHFXHUGRVGHOSDFLHQWH)UHXGUHFRUWDGH PRGRPDJLVWUDOXQRGHORVUDVJRVGLVWLQWLYRVGHODQHXURVLV REVHVLYDODSURGXFFLyQGHXQDJHQWHSHUWXUEDGRUGHOJRFH (QXQDSULPHUDHVFHQDUHODWDTXHDORVGRFHDxRVWHQtD VLPSDWtDSRUXQDQLxD,QFOLQDFLyQDODTXHVHXQLyODUHSUH c 68 K /DFDQ - (O 6HPLQDULR /LEUR /D LGHQWL¿FDFLyQ &ODVH GHOGHDEULOGH DE LA PÁGINA 63 A LA 70 FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XIX SDUHFLHQGRHPLQHQWHPHQWHWUDXPiWLFD(VHQHVWHSXQWR GRQGHLQGDJDUODOyJLFDHOHFWLYDGHOFDVRLPSOLFDIUDQTXHDU FLHUWRVHVJRPHFDQLFLVWDHQODOHFWXUDGHOFDVR 4XHUHPRVVXEUD\DUTXHHOXOWHULRULPSXOVRREVHVLYR³VXL FLGD´WLHQHVXJpQHVLVHQODIXULD³FRQWUDODSHUVRQDTXH DSDUHFHFRPRSHUWXUEDGRUDGHODPRU´)UHXG 'HVDWDFDPRVTXHVt³DSDUHFH´SDUHFHSHURQRLPSOLFD TXHORVHD REVHVLyQHVHQGH¿QLWLYDORTXHHOLJHVXIULUSDUDQRSDGH FHUHODWUDYHVDPLHQWRGHODDQJXVWLDGHFDVWUDFLyQTXH LPSOLFDHOHQFXHQWURVH[XDO K K (OREVHVLYRQHFHVLWDFUHDUVHVLHPSUHXQREVWiFXORTXH IXQFLRQHGHEDUUHUDUHVSHFWRGHOREMHWR\WDSRQHODDQJXV WLDGHFDVWUDFLyQ&RPR\DGLMLPRVEXVFDUXQSHUWXUEDGRU HV\DXQVXEWHUIXJLRREVHVLYR/RFXDOWLHQHWRGDVXDFWXD OLGDGHQODSVLFRSDWRORJtDGHODYLGDVH[XDOGHOQXHYRVLJOR HOREVHVLYRDQWHHOUHODMDPLHQWRGHODVUHVWULFFLRQHVTXH LPSHUD\TXHWHUPLQDIXQFLRQDQGRFRPRXQLPSHUDWLYRGH JRFHUHVSRQGHHVFDSDQGRFRQVXEWHUIXJLRVDOHQFXHQWUR VH[XDOTXHVHOHSUHVHQWDIDFLOLWDGRRELHQVLDFFHGHDOD HVFHQDHUyWLFDVREUHYLHQHFRQIUHFXHQFLDODLPSRWHQFLD (QHVWHPDUFRHO6LGHQD¿OHQJURVDVXFRVHFKD ,QFOXVRODFOtQLFDQRVHQVHxDFRPRHOREVHVLYRGHOVLJOR ;;,VHSURFXUDHOUHFKD]RGHOREMHWRKDFLHQGRGHODSDOD EUDLQMXULD+DELOLWDGRDGHJUDGDUHOREMHWRHQORVKHFKRV VHHYLWDHOKRUURUDODFDVWUDFLyQ\ODSXHVWDHQFXHVWLyQ GHVXSRVLFLyQYLULOPHGLDQWHXQGHFLULQVXOWDQWHTXHUHVWL WX\DHOREVWiFXORDXVHQWH K K K 3DUD FRQFOXLU FRQ QXHVWUD DUJXPHQWDFLyQ SDVHPRV DO FRQRFLGRUHODWRGH³ODRFDVLyQGHHQIHUPDU´SURFXUDQGR GLVFHUQLUVXVPRPHQWRV ³7UDVODPXHUWHGHOSDGUHODPDGUHFRPXQLFyXQGtDDOKLMR TXHHQWUHHOOD\VXVSDULHQWHVULFRVVHKDEtDKDEODGRVREUH HO IXWXUR GH pO \ XQR GH ORV SULPRV KDEtD H[SUHVDGR VX EXHQDGLVSRVLFLyQSDUDHQWUHJDUOHXQDGHVXVKLMDVFXDQGR pOWHUPLQDUDVXVHVWXGLRV\TXHVXYLQFXODFLyQFRQORVQH JRFLRVGHOD¿UPDOHDEULUtDEULOODQWHVSHUVSHFWLYDVDXQHQ VXWUDEDMRSURIHVLRQDO´)UHXG © +DVWDDTXtODFRQWLQJHQFLD$FiXELFDPRVHOYLYHQFLDU WUDXPiWLFRDFFLGHQWDOHQHODGXOWRDOTXH)UHXGVHUH¿HUH HQVXFRQIHUHQFLD'DQGROXJDUDOFRQÀLFWR ³(VWH SODQ GH OD IDPLOLD OH HQFHQGLy HO FRQÀLFWR VL GHEtD SHUPDQHFHU¿HODVXDPDGDSREUHRVHJXLUODVKXHOODVGHO SDGUH\WRPDUSRUHVSRVDDODEHOODULFD\GLVWLQJXLGDPX FKDFKDTXHOHKDEtDQGHVWLQDGR´)UHXG © K /DPLVPDSRQHHQMXHJRXQDHOHFFLyQODPXMHUULFDROD PXMHUSREUH+D\TXHSXQWXDOL]DUDTXtTXHHVWDGLV\XQ FLyQ VH SURGXFH VREUH OD EDVH GH ODV YDFLODFLRQHV \D H[LVWHQWHVUHVSHFWRGH*LVHOD/RTXHSUHFLSLWDODGHPDQ GDPDWHUQDHVODDOWHUQDWLYDGHRELHQUHQXQFLDUDHOODR ELHQUHQXQFLDUDVXVYDFLODFLRQHV &RQWLQ~D)UHXG K 9ROYLHQGRDOKLVWRULDOTXHQRVRFXSDODVDFFLRQHVREVH VLYDVHQGRVWLHPSRV¿JXUDQ³XQFRQÀLFWRHQWUHGRVPR FLRQHVRSXHVWDV´3UHFLVD)UHXGTXH³VHWUDWDVLHPSUHGHO DPRU\HORGLR´)UHXGGRQGHHORGLRMXHJDHQ HOIRQGRODVFDUWDVGHODGHIHQVD(ORGLRGHOREVHVLYR FRQMXJDSRUXQODGRODDPELYDOHQFLDUHVSHFWRGHODGDPD TXHORSRQHDGLVWDQFLDGHHVWD\SRUHORWURODQHFHVLWDG GHVLWXDUDOSDGUHFRPRXQSHUWXUEDGRUGHOJRFH /DSUHWHQGLGDGXGDOOHYDDXQDFDYLODFLyQTXHUHOHYDDO VXMHWRGHODFWR6HSXHGHD¿UPDUHQWRQFHVTXHODHOHFFLyQ REVHVLYDFRQVLVWHHQHOIRQGRHQWRPDUXQDSRVLFLyQFR EDUGH UHVSHFWR GHO DFWR &XDQGR OD GXGD GHO REVHVLYR FHGHODGHIHQVDUHVSHFWRGHODQRSURSRUFLyQVH[XDOVH WUDGXFHHQXQDGHÀDFLyQGHOGHVHREDMRODPiVFDUDGHOD DPELYDOHQFLDUHVSHFWRGHOREMHWRHQDXVHQFLDGHOREVWi FXORRSHUWXUEDFLyQ K K K ³<DHVHFRQÀLFWRTXHHQYHUGDGORHUDHQWUHVXDPRU\HO FRQWLQXDGRHIHFWRGHODYROXQWDGGHOSDGUHORVROXFLRQyHQ IHUPDQGRPHMRUGLFKRHQIHUPDQGRVHVXVWUDMRGHODWDUHD GHVROXFLRQDUORHQODUHDOLGDGREMHWLYD´)UHXG © K K ³&XDQGRHQHOFXUVRGHOWUDWDPLHQWRGHEtDGDUXQSDVRTXH OR DSUR[LPDUtD D OD PHWD GHO FRUWHMR VX UHVLVWHQFLD VROtD H[WHULRUL]DUVHSULPHURHQHOFRQYHQFLPLHQWRGHTXHHQYHU GDGQRODTXHUtDWDQWRFRQYHQFLPLHQWRTXHSRUFLHUWRHUD YHQFLGRHQVHJXLGD´)UHXG © (QGH¿QLWLYD\HVWHHVHOSXQWRFHQWUDOODVGLVWLQWDVIRU PDVTXHDGTXLHUHODREVHVLyQHYDGHQHOIUDQTXHDPLHQWR TXHLPSOLFDHOHQFXHQWURDPRURVR (O+RPEUHGHODV5DWDVVHDGKLHUHDDTXHOORVHOHPHQWRV TXHOHDKRUUDQXQDFHUFDPLHQWRFRQXQDPXMHUFRPRHV SDWHQWHHQHOPDQGDPLHQWRGH³SDJDUD$´TXHORUHOHYD GHHQFRQWUDUVHFRQODDPDEOHHPSOHDGDGHODFRUUHRDOD TXHVRORFRQVLJXHFRQIURQWDUDFRPSDxDGRSRUVXDPLJR HYLWiQGRVHDVtHOULHVJRGHXQDLQVLQXDFLyQHUyWLFD/D K DE LA PÁGINA 63 A LA 70 $TXtODHOHFFLyQGHODHQIHUPHGDGVHHOLJHQRUHQXQFLDU DO SUHFLR GHO SDGHFLPLHQWR 6REUHYLHQH OD LQFDSDFLGDG SDUDWUDEDMDUHOUHOHJDPLHQWRGHORVHVWXGLRV$OUHVSHFWR VXEUD\D)UHXGTXH³DTXHOORTXHHVHOUHVXOWDGRGHXQD HQIHUPHGDGHVWiHQHOSURSyVLWRGHHOODODDSDUHQWHFRQ VHFXHQFLDGHODHQIHUPHGDGHVHQODUHDOLGDGHIHFWLYDOD FDXVDHOPRWLYRGHGHYHQLUHQIHUPR´)UHXG (OVXMHWRVHDEUD]DDODHQIHUPHGDGVHUHIXJLDHQHOOD 3RUHVHPHGLRVHPDQWLHQHDGLVWDQFLDGHORVULHVJRV\ ODVFRQWLQJHQFLDVDODVTXHVHH[SRQGUtDHQDXVHQFLDGH HVWD6LUHOHHPRVHOFDVREDMRHVWHVHVJRFRQFOXLPRVTXH ODHQIHUPHGDGOHVLUYHSDUDHYLWDUHOHQFXHQWURFRQFXDWUR PXMHUHVODPXMHUULFDODSREUHODKLMDGHOSRVDGHUROD HPSOHDGDGHFRUUHR(VHOHQFXHQWURTXHVHHYLWDHOLJLHQ GRODHQIHUPHGDG K K ± ± ± ¢4XHLQWHUpVWLHQHODGLVWLQFLyQHPSUHQGLGDHVWHHVIXHU]R GHGLVFHUQLPLHQWRHQWUHORGLVUXSWLYR\ODUHVSXHVWDHOHF WLYDGHOVHUKDEODQWH"¢6HWUDWDPHUDPHQWHGHXQSUHFLR K K 69 MOMENTOS ELECTIVOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LA NEUROSIS OBSESIVA. ACERCA DEL HISTORAL FREUDIANO DEL “HOMBRE DE LAS RATAS” ELECTIVE MOMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE OBSESSIVE NEUROSIS. ABOUT THE FREUDIAN “MAN OF THE RATS” Frydman, Arturo; Thompson, Santiago VLVPRWHyULFR" (QWHQGHPRVTXHHVWDE~VTXHGDWLHQHFRPRKRUL]RQWHQL PiVQLPHQRVTXHVLWXDUORVPRPHQWRVTXHMXVWDPHQWHSRU KDEHUVLGRHOHFWLYRVHODQDOLVWD\HOSVLFRDQiOLVLVWLHQHQOD SRVLELOLGDGLQFLGLU$VtORHQWLHQGH)UHXGFXDQGRHQ³$QiOL VLVWHUPLQDEOHHLQWHUPLQDEOH´GH¿QHDOREMHWLYRGHODFXUD FRPRXQD³UHFWL¿FDFLyQFRQSRVWHULRULGDGGHOSURFHVRUH SUHVLYRRULJLQDULR´FRPROD³JHQXLQDRSHUDFLyQGHODWHUDSLD DQDOtWLFD´)UHXG (VHQWRQFHVSUHFLVRSDUDQRH[WUDYLDUVHHQODGLUHFFLyQ GHODFXUDGLVWLQJXLUDTXHOODVHQFUXFLMDGDVHQODVFXDOHV HOVXMHWRVHKDSURGXFLGRDSDUWLUGHVXVHOHFFLRQHVUHV SHFWRTXHORTXH)UHXGSXVRGHOODGRGHORWUDXPiWLFROR DFFLGHQWDOOD¿MH]DSXOVLRQDO$TXHOORTXH/DFDQVLQWHWL]y FRQHOQRPEUHGH³ORLQFXUDEOH´ K ² ³ ² ´ ³ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º ¸ )UHXG6D&RQIHUHQFLD$OJXQDVSHUVSHFWLYDVVREUHHO 9RO GHVDUUROOR\ODUHJUHVLyQ(WLRORJtD(Q ;9,SS%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX(GLWRUHV » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ ¾ ¿ )UHXG6E&RQIHUHQFLD/RVFDPLQRVGHODIRUPDFLyQ GHO VtQWRPD (Q 9RO ;9, SS %XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX(GLWRUHV » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ ¾ ¿ K K )UHXG6F&RQIHUHQFLD/DWHUDSLDDQDOtWLFD(Q 9RO;9,SS%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX HGLWRUHV » À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ ¿ )UHXG6/DVIDQWDVtDVKLVWpULFDV\VXUHODFLyQFRQODEL VH[XDOLGDG(Q 9RO,;SS%XH QRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX(GLWRUHV Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ ¾ ¿ Ç )UHXG6$SURSyVLWRGHXQFDVRGHQHXURVLVREVHVLYDHO 9RO;SS +RPEUHGHODV5DWDV(Q %XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX(GLWRUHV » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ ¾ ¿ 9RO )UHXG61HXURVLV\3VLFRVLV(Q ;,;SS%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX(GLWRUHV » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ ¾ ¿ )UHXG6,QKLELFLyQVtQWRPD\DQJXVWLD(Q 9RO;;SS%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX(GLWR UHV » Ã Ä Å Æ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â ¿ È Ç )UHXG 6 $QiOLVLV WHUPLQDEOH H LQWHUPLQDEOH (Q 9RO;;,,,SS%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX (GLWRUHV » À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ ¿ /DFDQ-$FHUFDGHODFDXVDOLGDGSVtTXLFD(Q SS %XHQRV$LUHV6LJOR;;, É ¿ Ê ½ Ë Æ Á ¿ Ì Í /DFDQ-(O6HPLQDULR/LEUR/DLGHQWL¿FDFLyQ&ODVHGHO GHDEULOGH0DQXVFULWRQRSXEOLFDGR /DFDQ- UHV3DLGyV É Ä /DFDQ- É Õ Î Ä Å Î Â Å Ë Â Ë Ï Ï ¾ ¾ ½ ½ Ë Ë Á Í Á Í Ð Ð Ë Ë Â Å Ï Æ ¾ Ä Å ¿ Å Ä Ã ¿ Ë Ê Á ¾ Ï Ö Ä Ë ¿ Ë ½ ¼ ½ Á Á Ì Ì Ñ Ì Í Í Ð Ð ¾ Á ¾ ¿ Ï Ê Ó Ò Ó ¾ Æ ¿ /DFDQ - D (O DFWR DQDOtWLFR (Q SS%XHQRV$LUHV0DQDQWLDO × /DFDQ-E ;;%XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV É Ä Î Å Â Ë Ï ¾ ½ Ë Á ¿ ½ Æ Á Ë %XHQRV$L ¾ Ç Ê Á Ï Ê Å Ã Æ Á ¿ Ô Ó Ï È &ODVH,%XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV Õ ¾ ¼ Í Ð Ë ¼ ½ Á Ì Ú Å Í ¿ Å Û Õ Ø Å ¾ ¿ Á Æ Å ½ Á Å ¾ Ä Ï Á Æ ¿ ½ Å Á Ø ¾ Ü Ï Ý Þ Ù ß ¾ à á /RPEDUGL*HWDO3UR\HFWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ ³0RPHQWRV HOHFWLYRV HQ HO WUDWDPLHQWR SVLFRDQDOtWLFR GH ODV QHXURVLVHQHOVHUYLFLRGH&OtQLFDGH$GXOWRVGHOD)DFXOWDGGH 3VLFRORJtD /RPEDUGL*HWDO3UR\HFWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ 3UHVHQFLD\H¿FDFLDFDXVDOGHORWUDXPiWLFRHQODFXUDSVLFRD QDOtWLFDGHODVQHXURVLV,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHODFRPSOLFLGDGGHO VHUKDEODQWHFRQHOD]DUWLTXH(VWXGLRGHFDVRVHQHO6HUYL FLRGH&OtQLFDGH$GXOWRVGHOD8%$HQ$YHOODQHGD Ç Ç 6ROHU&/DHOHFFLyQGHODQHXURVLV(Q %XHQRV$LUHV0DQDQWLDO Õ â Ë Ï ¾ Ä Å ¿ Å ¾ Ï Ö Ä Ë ¿ Ë ¿ 6ROHU&(OWUDXPD(Q SS%XHQRV$LUHV/HWUD9LYD Õ ã ä Ó å ¿ Å Å ¿ Ã Å ½ ¾ Å Ä Ã ¿ Ë Ê Á ¾ Ï Ö Ä Ë ¿ Ë ¿ æ Õ Å Ä Ã ¿ Ë Ê Á ¾ Ï ¾ Ä Ë ¿ Æ ¾ ç )HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHDEULOGH )HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHDJRVWRGH 70 DE LA PÁGINA 63 A LA 70