MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 UNIT 6. ON THE PHONE y MISCELLANEA y Expresiones típicas en conversaciones telefónicas 1. Llamas a un amigo y quieres identificarte. ¿Con cuál de las siguientes expresiones lo harías? a. Hi, this is … speaking. b. Hi, I'm … speaking. c. Hi, it's … speaking. 2. Para pedir que te pasen con otra línea, departamento o extensión, dirás: a. Can you connect me with … ? b. Can you put me with … ? c. Can you put me through to … ? 3. Y para decirte que esperes un momento, la expresión más habitual es: a. Wait a moment, please. b. Hold the line, please. c. Sit down and wait, please. 4. ¿Podrías relacionar el siguiente vocabulario, todo referido al tema del teléfono, con su correspondiente definición? Usa el diccionario si no conoces algunas de las respuestas. Call paid by the person who receives it. y Hold on. y Book of phone numbers. y Ring a phone number. y Time when phone calls are cheaper. y Person who helps you make a phone call. y y y Wait y Directory y Reversed charge y Operator y Dial y Off- peak Vocabulario relacionado con la gastronomía 5. ¿Qué diferencia hay entre los siguientes pares de palabras? Escoja la opción que le parezca correcta. 1. A cook / cooker is a thing which cooks food. 2. A cook / cooker is a person who cooks dishes. 3. A receipt / recipe is a number of instructions for preparing a dish. 4. A dessert / desert is the last course of a meal. 5. My favourite dish in winter is chicken soup / soap. Página 1 MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 y TEXT y The Present Perfect tense Este tiempo verbal se forma con el presente del verbo auxiliar have (cuyo significado aquí es haber) más el participio pasado del verbo principal. SUJETO + HAVE + PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS En el caso de los verbos regulares, el participio se forma añadiendo la terminación ed al infinitivo mientras que, para los irregulares, el participio es la forma correspondiente a la tercera columna de la lista de los verbos irregulares. Ejemplos: talk – talked – talked speak – spoke – spoken - Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para hablar de acciones pasadas sin especificar cuándo ocurrieron; es decir, en la frase no encontraremos adverbios de tiempo como yesterday, last week, three years ago... Ejemplos: I have visited Holland twice. John has spent all his money on a new car. We haven't seen Spielberg’s new film but we have seen Tarantino's. Affirmative Negative Interrogative I have worked I have not (haven't) worked have I worked? You have worked you have not (haven't) worked have you worked? He has worked he has not (hasn't) worked has he worked? she has worked she has not (hasn't) worked has she worked? it has worked it has not (hasn't) worked has it worked? We have worked we have not (haven't) worked have we worked? You have worked you have not (haven't) worked have you worked? they have worked they have not (haven't) worked have they worked? - En una frase donde se hable de una acción pasada ya concluida y se especifica cuándo ocurrió dicha acción, el tiempo verbal utilizado será el ‘Past Simple’. Ejemplos: I visited Holland twice last year. John spent all his money on a new car yesterday. We didn't see Spielberg’s new film yesterday, we saw Tarantino's. Página 2 MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 - El ‘Past Simple’ es también el tiempo verbal usado para todas las preguntas sobre el pasado que empiecen por when? y what time? Ejemplos: What time did you get up today? When did they arrive? y Already, yet, just - Estos adverbios suelen acompañar al ‘Present Perfect’. ALREADY: significa ya y siempre lo encontramos en oraciones afirmativas. Tiene una posición intermedia; es decir, se coloca entre el verbo auxiliar have y el participio. We have already done our homework. (Ya hemos hecho nuestros deberes.) YET: puede encontrarse en frases negativas con el significado de todavía / aún o en frases interrogativas con el significado de ya. Este adverbio suele ir al final de la oración en ambos casos. Has your brother returned from Brazil yet? - (¿Ha vuelto tu hermano de Brasil ya?) We haven't chosen the wine for the meal yet. - (No hemos escogido el vino de la comida todavía.) JUST: igual que already, suele ir en posición intermedia. Este adverbio, junto con el tiempo verbal ‘Present Perfect’, suele traducirse por acabar de. They have just had a baby. - (Acaban de tener un bebé) Michael has just started a new job. - (Acaba de empezar en un nuevo trabajo) 6. Listening. ‘On the phone’. Claudia phones Nathalie to settle some details of the party. Listen to the conversation and then read the script. Christine: Hello. Hampstead 259860. Claudia: Hello. Is that you, Nathalie? Christine: No, this is Christine, her flat mate. Who’s that? Claudia: This is Claudia speaking. Christine: Oh, hello Claudia. Just a moment. I’ll go and get her. Thanks. (a few moments later) Nathalie: Hello, Claudia. How are you? Página 3 MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 Claudia: Fine, thanks. I’m ringing because Orlando suggested that we do a fancy dress party and I’d like to know if you’re happy with the idea. Can you ask Orlando? Nathalie: I’m afraid he has just gone out to buy the drinks for the party. I love the idea of a costume party but what about the others? Have you phoned them yet? Claudia: Not all of them. I’ve already spoken to John and Ákis and they agreed it would be fun but I haven’t rung Jaan yet. Nathalie: Oh, don’t worry about Orlando. I’ll ask him as soon as he comes and I’ll let you know. Claudia: Thanks, a lot. Bye! Nathalie: Bye! 7. Read the dialogue again and complete the sentences below with already, just or yet: 1. Orlando has _________ gone shopping for the party. 2. Has Claudia phoned the rest of the people _______? 3. Claudia has ___________ rung John and Ákis but she hasn’t spoken to Jaan _______. 8. Completa las siguientes oraciones con el verbo entre paréntesis. Usa la forma correcta del ‘Present Perfect’. Example: Sue has done the shopping. (do). 1. John ______________ to Ireland. (go) 2. We _______________ a lot of famous people in our job. (meet) 3. I ______________ most of Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets. (read) 4. The Johnsons _________never __________ to any of their neighbours. (speak) 5. My sister _________________ to Hawaii several times. (fly) 6. _________ you ever_____________ snake? (eat) 7. My grandmother _______ never _________ an operation. (have) 8. He _________________in many foreign countries. (live) 9. The baby ________________ up. (wake) y VOCABULARY y At the phone Página 4 MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 Code - código Directory - guía telefónica long distance call - conferencia phone box - cabina put through to - poner en contacto con Rates - tarifas Verbos Receiver - auricular Pick up - descolgar hold the line - esperar reversed charge call - llamada a cobro revertido Dial - marcar un número Switchboard - centralita y hang up - colgar Greetings and polite expressions Goodbye ¡Adiós! ; ¡Hasta la vista! Bye-bye! ¡Adiós! Welcome! ¡Bienvenido! Good luck! ¡Buena suerte! Good night ; Night-night ¡Buenas noches! Good afternoon ¡Buenas tardes! Good evening ¡Buenas tardes/noches! Good morning ¡Buenos días! How sorry I am! ¡Cuánto lo siento! Congratulations ¡Felicidades! Thanks! ¡Gracias! See you tonight ¡Hasta la noche! See you later ¡Hasta luego! See you (soon) ¡Hasta pronto! Hallo, hello! ¡Hola! Hi (there)! ¡Hola! Howdy! ¡Hola! ¡Qué hay! Excuse me! ¡Perdón! Página 5 Sorry! ¡Perdón! ; ¡Lo siento! How do you do? ¿Cómo está usted? How are you? ¿Cómo está/estás? How are things? ¿Qué tal? And you? ¿Y usted/tú? Farewell ; Adieu Adiós definitivo To thank Agradecer OK, okay Bien ; Vale ; Tirando Fine, thanks Bien, gracias Good intentions Buenos deseos Don't mention it De nada; ¡Faltaría más! Wishes for happiness Deseos de felicidad To apologize Disculparse To shake hands with Estrecharle la mano a alguien Fortunately Felizmente ; Por fortuna To have happy Guardar un feliz MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 memories of recuerdo Sir Señor Kindest regards Muchos recuerdos Madam Señora Very well Muy bien Yes please Sí, por favor Please Por favor To introduce Presentar 9. Reading. Read the thank-you letter Lidia has written to her classmates and fill in the blanks with the words below. y costume return recipes unfortunately thank noise delicious enjoyed suggestion frog SELF-EVALUATION EXERCISES 10. Corrige el error en cada una de las siguientes oraciones. Página 6 MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 1. I just have spoken to my boss about having a salary rise. 2. We has been to London three times. 3. This is one of the most boring films I have never seen. 4. They have arrived a couple of minutes ago. 5. He has applied for several jobs but he hasn’t already found one. 6. They have climbed Mount Kilimanjaro last Easter. 7. Martha has wrote a poem at school. 11. Escribe el verbo entre paréntesis en ‘Present Perfect’ o ‘Past Simple’. Example: I ______ (meet) two very interesting women last Monday morning. I met two very interesting women last Monday morning. 1. _________ you ever __________ a camel? (ride) 2. The Simpsons are here. They _______________ five minutes ago (arrive) 3. __________ you ever ___________ a ghost when you lived in the castle? (see) 4. She looks so brown because she _____________ to Ibiza on holiday. (be) 5. How many gold medals ___________ the British team _________ in the last Olympic Games? (win) 6. Although Jack _________ London in 1996 and lives in Miami now, he never ______________ a letter to his parents. He prefers to phone them. (leave / write) 7. Someone ______________ my car. It _____________ last night. (steal / disappear) 12. Rellena los huecos usando cada uno de los verbos que se encuentran en el cuadro. get forget swim Página 7 know be write MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 1. I’ve often ___________ there. I ____________ there yesterday. 2. She’s just ___________ a letter to her boyfriend. She usually ___________ to him twice a week. 3. She has _________ across the English Channel three times this year. She also____________ across it last year. 4. This actress has __________ married three times. She first _________ married to an actor, then to a writer and her present husband is a doctor. 5. - You have __________ to put the lights out! And you also __________ to put them out yesterday and the day before yesterday! - I’m very sorry. It won’t happen again. 6. How long have you __________ about this affair? I ___________ about it when it started. y OPEN EXERCISES EVALUATION 13. Escribe cinco oraciones en ‘Present Perfect’ acerca de cosas que nunca hayas hecho. Por ejemplo: I have never taken a plane. 1. 2. 3. 4. ´ 5. 14. Writing. Responde extensamente a las siguientes preguntas. 1. Have you ever ridden a camel? When? Where? 2. Have you ever visited any foreign countries? Which ones and when? 3. Have you ever broken a bone? How did it happen? Página 8 MEDIO. UNIDAD 6 15. Writing. Escribe una carta de utilizando los tiempos verbales y las fórmulas de cortesía aprendidas en esta lección. Dear …: Página 9