unit 9. reported speech

AVANZADO. UNIDAD 9
UNIT 9. REPORTED SPEECH
y MISCELLANEA
y
Looking at the map
Imagine someone asks you for a place. Would you be able to give proper
instructions? Study the following expressions.
y
excuse me
perdone
near here
cerca de aquí
go straight down this street
siga derecho por esta calle
Take the first turn
doble, gire a la …
on the right/left
a la derecha/izquierda
traffic lights
semáforo
building
edificio
next to
al lado de
you're welcome
de nada
Questions and answers
Is there a bank near here?
¿Hay un banco cerca de aquí?
How do I get to the bank?
¿Cómo llego al banco?
Where is the bank?
¿Dónde es el banco?
Go straight.
Siga derecho.
Turn left / right.
Doble a la izquierda / derecha.
Take the first / second / third turn on the
Doble en la primera / segunda / tercera a la
left / right.
izquierda / derecha.
Go to the bank.
Vé / Vaya / Vayan al banco.
y
Prepositions
The use of prepositions is not easy to learn. We will learn by now the most usual ones.
in
en
on
sobre
under
debajo de
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above
sobre
In front of
frente a
opposite
frente a
next to
al lado de
The hat is on the desk.
El sombrero está sobre el escritorio.
The ball is under the chair.
La pelota está debajo de la silla.
The Moon is above the Earth.
La Luna está sobre la Tierra.
The motel is in front of the museum.
El motel está frente al museo.
The bus station is opposite the bank.
La estación de autobuses está frente al hospital.
The library is next to the bookshop.
La biblioteca está al lado de la librería.
1. Now, answer to a hotel guest’s questions. Look at the map and tell him how to
get to different places.
Example:
1. MUSEUM:
- Excuse me,
- Yes, sir?
- How can I go to the museum?
- Well, turn right and then take the second on the left. The museum is next to the Post office.
- Thank you very much.
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- You’re welcome.
2. THEATRE:
3. TRAVEL AGENCY:
4. PARK:
-
y TEXT
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Reported Speech
In Reported Speech some words related to time, people and places must change in
order to keep the meaning of the original sentence.
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DIRECT SPEECH
-
REPORTED SPEECH
Now
Î
then, at that time
Today
Î
that day
Tomorrow
Î
the next day / the following day
Yesterday
Î
the day before / the previous day
two days ago
Î
two days earlier / before
next month / year…
Î
the next month, the following month…
last year / week…
Î
the year before, the previous year
This
Î
That
Here
Î
There
me, my…
Î
him/her, his…
If the main verb is Present simple, we can keep the tense in the reported
sentence.
He says (that) he is happy.
-
If the sentence talks about real or usual facts, Present simple can be used.
Peter said, “My birthday is in December.”
Peter said (that) his birthday is / was in December.
-
Tell is used when someone tells something to another person.
He said he wasn’t feeling very well. (Decir algo)
He told me he wasn’t feeling very well. (Decir algo a alguien)
-
Tell y Ask can be used together with infinitive. Tell will be used to give orders
and instructions, and Ask to make polite requests.
Examples:
“Be quiet John!”, shouted the teacher. DIRECT
The teacher told John to be quiet.
REPORTED
“Could you open the window, please John?”, said the teacher.
The teacher asked John to open the window.
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DIRECT
REPORTED
AVANZADO. UNIDAD 9
2. Listening. ‘Jokes’. Listen and read the following conversation. Diane is a
lawyer and is at the police station after interviewing a client, who is accused of
entering a house one night. He says he was sleepwalking. Inspector Sweeney,
tells Diane a couple of jokes. Look in a dictionary the meaning of words you don’t
know.
Sweeney: Ah, Mrs Edwards, have you finished your interview with the sleeping beauty?
Diane: Yes, that’ll be all for today Inspector Sweeney?
Sweeney: Tell me, does he still claim to have been sleepwalking?
Diane: Yes, my client maintains his innocence.
Sweeney: I wouldn’t believe a word of it if I were you. He already has a criminal record for theft.
Diane: Well he may be telling the truth. The world can be a very strange place at times.
Sweeney: Yes, I know what you mean! I’ve seen all sorts of strange things since I started
working here. Last week a man came in here with a penguin and said that he’d found a
penguin in the park! Now I was very busy so I told him to take the penguin to the zoo! The
next day I was patrolling the park and I saw the same man holding hands with the
penguin. So I asked him what he was doing and why he hadn’t taken the penguin to the
zoo. And he told me that he had taken the penguin to the zoo and now he was taking it to
the cinema!
Diane: You are joking, aren’t you?
Sweeney: Yes, of course I’m joking! Lord, you lawyers are so serious sometimes! But hey I’ll tell
you something else that really did happen to me. I stopped a car one night because it had
jumped a red light. Now the driver was obviously a bit drunk and he even had a Heineken
beer label stuck to his forehead! So I asked him if he’d been drinking and he said no, he’d
only had a coca cola. So then, of course, I asked him why he had this Heineken label stuck
to his forehead! Ha, Ha... And you know what he told me?
Diane: What?
Sweeney: He told me that he was an alcoholic. He said that he was trying to give up drinking
and that the doctor had given him this drinking patch to help him!
Diane: You are joking, aren’t you?
Sweeney: No, it’s true! Honestly! A similar thing happened to me a few years ago. I was
working...
Diane: No, I’m sorry, it’s dinner time and my family, they’re waiting for me and I really have to
go. Erm, we’ll talk about it next time, when I see you? Okay?
Sweeney: No problem Mrs Edwards! You go and have a bite to eat with your family. I’m sure I’ll
see you soon!
Inspector Sweeney reports Diane what other people told him. Notice the use of
Reported speech.
He said he had found a penguin in the park.
REPORTED SPEECH
He said, “I found a penguin in the park.”
DIRECT SPEECH
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3. Listen to the dialogue again and re-write the following questions in Reported
Speech.
1. “I’m busy. Take it to the zoo!”
I told him I _____________ and told him _____________ it to the zoo.
2. “What are you doing? Why didn’t you take the penguin to the zoo?”
I asked him what _____________ and why he _____________ the penguin to the zoo.
3. “I took the penguin to the zoo and now I am taking him to the cinema.”
He told me he _____________ the penguin to the zoo and that now he _____________ it to
the cinema!
4. “Are you drunk?”
I asked him if _____________.
5. “I am not. I have only drunk a coca cola.”
He said that he ___________ , he ___________ only ____________ a coca cola.
6. “Why do you have a Heineken label stuck to your forehead?”
I asked him why he ____________ a Heineken label stuck to ___________ forehead.
7. “I am trying to give up smoking and my doctor gave me this drinking patch to help me.”
He said that he _____________ to give up drinking and that _____________ doctor
_____________ this drinking patch to help _____________ !
4. Choose one of the following balloons to complete these sentences in Reported
speech.
Example:
1.
I think Ann’s okay. She told me not to worry about her
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2.
Thomas looked into her eyes and told …
3.
I don’t think Sam will be here next summer. He said he …
4.
Clare was very excited about going to the beach. She said that she …
5.
I don’t think Oliver is very happy at work. …
6.
I last saw Patrick three months ago and he was very busy with his thesis. He said …
7.
I phoned Pamela last month and she told…. I haven’t heard from her since then.
8. She was having problems getting the pram up the stairs of the underground station and she
asked …
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-
Indirect y Reported Questions
Questions in Reported speech keep the same order as affirmative sentences.
SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS
Example: Thomas is in the bar.
Where is Thomas?
Î
S + V + C (DIRECT SPEECH)
Î
V + S + C (DIRECT SPEECH)
Do you know where Thomas is?
-
Î S + V + C (INDIRECT SPEECH)
DO NOT USE AUXILIAR DO in Reported Questions. Don’t change the order,
although it should be taken into account those words that change from Direct to
Reported Speech.
Where does Thomas live?
Î
Do + Subject + verb? (DIRECT QUESTION)
I wonder where Thomas lives. Î
Where did Thomas go?
Î
Subject + verb (INDIRECT QUESTION)
Auxiliary do + Subject + verb? (DIRECT QUESTION)
Could you tell me where Thomas went? Î
-
Subject + verb (INDIRECT QUESTION)
When there’s a YES/NO question, add ‘if’.
- Does Thomas eat squid?
Can you tell me if Thomas eats squid?
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- Did Thomas go to the disco on Saturday night?
Do you know if Thomas went to the disco on Saturday night?
-
In Reported answers, the main verb ‘jumps’ towards the past.
“How old are you?” Î He asked me how old I was.
“Where is Thomas?”
Î
He asked me where Thomas was.
“Have you seen Thomas today?”
He asked me if I had seen Thomas that day.
Î
5. Write the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1.
Who is Jack Ruby?
I wonder
2.
What time is it?
He asked me
3.
Is there a God?
I’d like to know
4.
What time does the film begin?
Sean asked me
5.
Where did all the flowers go?
She asked me
6.
Is she happy?
Do you know
7.
Do you understand reported questions?
She asked me
8.
Would you like to do something more interesting?
He asked me
y VOCABULARY
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Reporting verbs
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warn – advertir, avisar
confess - confesar
predict – predecir
announce- anunciar
persuade – persuader
claim - reclamar
promise – prometer
point out – señalar, resaltar
insist – insistir
persuade - persuadir
Phrasal verbs with ‘up’
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Up in phrasal verbs often has the meaning of an upward movement, or of approaching,
completing or increasing. Here is a list of some verbs that can be used with up to form
phrasal verbs.
blow
break
bring
build
catch
cheer
clear
cut
dress
eat
end
fill
get
give
grow
hang
hurry
hold
keep
look
make
own
pick
pull
put
show
shut
speak
split
stay
take
tie
turn
SELF-EVALUATION EXERCISES
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6. Use the verbs in the box to write these sentences into Reported speech.
1.
insisted
warned
accused
denied
advised
suggested
admitted
apologised
I saw you! It was you who broke the window.
He ___________ me of breaking the window.
2.
Why don’t we go for a pizza?
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He ___________ going for a pizza.
3.
I must speak to the director.
He ___________ on speaking to the director.
4.
Don’t walk on the ice.
He ___________ me not to walk on the ice.
5.
I’m sorry I didn’t remember.
He ___________ for not remembering.
6.
I accept I was wrong.
He ___________ he was wrong.
7.
I think you should tell them.
He ___________ me to tell them.
8.
I didn’t break the window.
He ___________ breaking the window.
7. Use a form of the verb in brackets to form correct Reported speech sentences.
1.
Harry and Sarah announced they ________________ (get) married next July.
2
Dan promised that he ________________ (finish) the report by Friday.
3.
Arthur claimed that he had arrived late because he ________________ (not able) to find a
taxi.
4.
Sally pointed out that Willy ________________ (not like) chicken.
5.
Willy confessed that he ________________ (never eat) chicken before.
6.
Nick predicted that he ________________ (like) it if he tried it.
8. Vocabulary practice. Phrasal verbs with ‘up’. Complete the sentences with
appropriate phrasal verbs whose preposition is ‘up’.
1.
Ted wants to ____________ smoking but it’ll be very difficult for him.
2.
Little girls like to ____________ in their mothers clothes.
3.
Dad, there are no taxis at the station. Can you come and ________ me _______.
4.
We are a long way behind the schedule. We need to work extra hours to ________.
5.
My parents allowed me to ____________ late last night to watch the end of the film.
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6.
The doctor says that I don’t do enough exercise and that I should ____________ some
sport.
7.
After the party all my friends went home and I had to ____________ the mess on my own.
8.
Debbie is very depressed at the moment. Why don’t we go and visit her to try to
___________ her ______.
y OPEN EXERCISES EVALUATION
9. Imagine that you meet a famous person in the street and that you keep a
short conversation with him/her. Write it down using Reported speech. (80–100
words.)
Yesterday, when I was taking my daily walk, I met … and (s)he told me….
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