Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones Prof

Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones
Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar
Part 5 - Outline
Argumentation
in Intelligent Agents:
Theory and Applications
• Main research projects in argumentation
• Main conferences in argumentation
Carlos Iván Chesñevar
• Some argumentation people (not a full list!)
cic@cs.uns.edu.ar
http://cs.uns.edu.ar/~cic
http://cs.uns.edu.ar/
cic
• Six challenges in argumentation for the 21st
century
CONICET and Laboratory of R&D in A.I.
Department of Computer Science
Universidad Nacional del Sur
Bahía Blanca, Argentina
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
The ASPIC Project
The ASPIC Project
http://www.argumentation.org
http://www.argumentation.org
ASPIC developed a common framework to underpin the services that
are emerging as core functions of the argumentation paradigm. These
include reasoning, decision-making, learning and communication. The
end goal is a suite of software components based on this framework
and
d a development
d
l
t platform
l tf
f integrating
for
i t
ti
th
these
components
t with
ith
knowledge (e.g. semantic web) resources and legacy systems.
¨ Several European universities involved
¨ Some companies also worked as partners in
the ASPIC project
¨ Project duration: 2004-2008
¨ Funded by EC – Framework V
ASPIC provided a sound basis for discussions of technical standards.
ASPIC stresses the need to establish a formal foundation to support
the creation, deployment and validation of practical argumentation
systems and the core components developed using rigorous software
engineering techniques.
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
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3
The ARGUGRID Project
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
4
The ARGUGRID Project
http://www.argugrid.org
ArguGRID has developed a new model for building Gridbased applications through the use of multi-agent
technologies and argumentation logic to support the
formation
of
dynamic
virtual
organizations
organizations.
The key advantage of the approach is simplifying the
interactions between service providers and service
consumers in a Service-oriented setting supported by P2P
technologies.
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
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Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC)
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Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones
Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar
The ARGUGRID Project
The Argumentation Factory
Argumentation Factory
Algorithms and Software for Industrial Strength
Inconsistency Tolerance
Software
ArguGRID is developing open source software tools for
reasoning about service properties and service
composition.
An EPSRC Funded Project (2007 - 2010)
http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/a.hunter/projects/af/index.html
PLATON
MARGO
CaSAPI
KDE
Leader: Anthony Hunter
(University College London, UK).
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
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The Argumentation Factory
8
The Argumentation Factory
Argumentation Factory - Outline
“…In this project, we want to develop the
argumentation factory as a software system that acts
as
a
middle
layer
(or
hub)
between:
(1) knowledge resources such as available in relational
databases, logical knowledgebases, ontologies, and
argumentbases (marked up in for example the
forthcoming
Argument
Interchange
Format);
(2) existing automated theorem proving technology;
and
(3) diverse applications of agumentation systems such
as for decision support, for multi-agent negotiation, for
knowledge fusion, and for software requirements
engineering. “
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/a.hunter/projects/af/index.html
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Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
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Specialized conferences and meetings
ArgMAS, COMMA, CMNA…
Conferences in argumentation-related areas
• In the last years, there have been several papers on
argumentation-related topics in the top conferences in Artificial
Intelligence…
• Since 2004, there has been an International Workshop on
Argumentation and Multiagent Systems (ArgMAS).
It is held annually within the AAMAS International Conference
(Intl. Conf. On Autonomous Agents and Multiagents Systems), and
it is published as a volume in the Lecture Notes in Artificial
Intelligence (LNAI) Series (Springer).
• E.g.:
• IJCAI (Int. Joint Conf. On Artificial Intelligence)
• ECAI (European Conf.
Conf On Artificial Intelligence)
• KR
(Int. Conf. On Knowledge Representation and
Reasoning)
• ECSQARU (European Conf. On Symbolic and Qualitative
Aspects of Reasoning under Uncertainty)
• etc, etc…
http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/irahwan/argmas/argmas08/
• Since 2006, there is an International Conference on
Computational Models of Argument (COMMA). It is held
biannually.
http://www.comma-conf.org/
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Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC)
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Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones
Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar
Specialized conferences and meetings
ArgMAS, COMMA, CMNA…
Specialized conferences and meetings
ArgMAS, COMMA, CMNA…
• In January 2008, there
has been a prestigious
Dagstuhl Seminar on
“Theory and Practice on
Argumentation Systems”
in Dagstuhl, Germany
• Since 2001, there has been an International Workshop on
Computational Models of Natural Argument (CMNA).
It is held annually within important international conferences (e.g.
ECAI, IJCAI, etc.).
http://cmna.csc.liv.ac.uk/CMNA8/
• In 2009, there will be a special technical track on “Agreement
Technologies” in the ACM Intl. Symposium on Applied Computing
(March 8-12, 2009, Honolulu, Hawai, USA).
http://www.acm.org/conferences/sac/sac2009/
http://www.dagstuhl.de/en/program/calendar/semhp/?semnr=2008042
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Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
Some researchers in the argumentation community…
Some researchers in the argumentation community…
¨ Henry Prakken
¨ Gerd Vreeswijk
¨
¨
¨
¨
Lecturer in the Intelligent Systems Group of the computer science
department at Utrecht University, Holland.
Web: http://people.cs.uu.nl/henry/
Research areas:
(
Nonmonotonic reasoning
(
Argumentation and Law
(
AI & Law
(
A
Argumentation
t ti theory
th
¨
¨
¨
Professor /Researcher at Asian Institute of Technology
Web: www.cs.ait.ac.th/~dung/
Research areas
(
Argumentation Theory
(
Knowledge Representation
(
Logic Programming / Nonmonotonic reasoning
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
¨
¨
15
¨ Iyad Rahwan
Research scientist at the French National Research
Agency CNRS at IRIT lab of Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
Web: http://www.irit.fr/~Leila.Amgoud/
Research areas
(
Non-monotonic Reasoning
(
Argumentation theory
(
Decision making and practical reasoning
(
Modelling dialogs and negotiation
(
Agent communication languages
(
Coalition formation
¨
¨
¨
¨ Francesca Toni
¨
¨
¨
Lecturer at the Informatics Institute at the British University in
Dubai, United Arab Emirates / Honorary Fellow at Univ. of
Edimburgh, UK
Web: http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/irahwan/
Research areas
(
Argumentation theory
(
Argumentation and the Web
(
Interest-based Negotiation
¨ Carles Sierra
Senior Lecturer at Department of Computing, Imperial College
London, UK
Web: http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~ft/
Research areas
(
Argumentation, Negotiation,
(
Logic-Based Multi-Agent Systems,
(
Inter-Agent Communication,
(
Abduction,
(
Logic Programming for Knowledge Representation and
Automated Reasoning,
(
Non-monotonic and Default Reasoning.
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Some researchers in the argumentation community…
¨ Leila Amgoud
¨
¨
Researcher at the University of Groningen, Department of
Artificial Intelligence
Web: http://www.ai.rug.nl/~verheij/
Research areas
(
artificial intelligence,
(
logic and law, with emphasis on defeasible argumentation
and legal reasoning.
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
Some researchers in the argumentation community…
¨
Lecturer in the Intelligent Systems Group of the computer science
department at Utrecht University, Holland.
Web: http://www.cs.uu.nl/staff/gv.html
Research areas:
(
Nonmonotonic reasoning
(
Argumentation
(
Game, media, agent technology
(
D
Developed
l
d severall iimplementations
l
t ti
within
ithi th
the ASPIC
project
¨ Bart Verheij
¨ Phan Minh Dung
¨
¨
¨
14
¨
¨
¨
17
Professor at the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIACSIC), Spain.
Web: http://http://www.iiia.csic.es/~sierra/
Research areas
(
Argumentation, Negotiation,
(
Logic-Based Multi-Agent Systems,
(
Inter-Agent Communication,
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC)
Mendoza, Argentina – 02 al 06 de junio de 2008
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Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones
Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar
Some researchers in the argumentation community…
Some researchers in the argumentation community…
¨ Trevor Bench-Capon
¨ Tony Hunter
¨
¨
¨
¨
¨
¨
Professor at Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Liverpool, UK
Web:http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~tbc/
Research areas
(
Advanced Informatics Applied to Law
(
Argumentation and Persuasion
(
Practical Reasoning, Legal Reasoning
(
Ontologies, Knowledge Representation
¨ Chris Reed
¨ Paul Dunne
¨
¨
¨
Professor at Univ. College London, UK
Web:http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~tbc/
Research areas
(
Argumentation Theory
(
Knowledge Representation
(
Applications with Scientific Knowledge
¨
¨
¨
Professor at Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Liverpool, UK
Web:http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/
Research areas
(
Complexity in Argumentation & Dialogue
(
Coalition Formation
w
Argumentation Theory
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
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Professor at Univ. Dundee, Scotland, UK
Web: www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/staff/creed/
Research areas
(
Argumentation Theory
(
Knowledge Representation
(
Software for representing Argumentation
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
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Six key challenges
in argumentation technologies
Some researchers in the argumentation community…
¨ Guillermo Simari
¨
¨
¨
Professor at Universidad Nacional del Sur, B.Blanca, Argentina
Web:http://www.cs.uns.edu.ar/~cic
Research areas
(
Argumentation Theory
(
Knowledge Representation & Logic Programming
(
Multiagent systems
(
Belief Revision
• In Nov./Dec. 2007, a special issue of IEEE
Intelligent Systems was published, focused
on “Argumentation Technologies” (Eds. I.
Rahwan, P. McBurney).
• That issue includes relevant papers
highlighting
the
applicability
of
argumentation for solving real-world
problems (e.g. medical domains, user
support systems, etc.)
• In the introduction of this special issue,
the editors identified some key challenges
in argumentation technologies for the
coming years…
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Challenge 1: Need for more mature
diagrammatic representation of arguments
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Challenge 2: Need for engineering frameworks
for developing argumentation software
• Frameworks and tools for diagrammatic representation of
arguments and automatic reasoning on such representations are
still in their infancy.
• Up to now: Some combinations of standard agent-oriented
software engineering (AOSE) methods, knowledge ellicitation,
etc. have been applied.
• Toulmin’s model is from 1958, but only recently computer
scientists have explored this issue!
• But there is a need to mix theoretical and practical work in
argumentation in order to develop more evolved approaches.
• Such reasoning over argumentation diagrams needs to be
automated for the successful deployment of large-scale
argumentation systems.
Stephen Toulmin
(1997)
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Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC)
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Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones
Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar
Challenge 3: Need for a better understanding of
argumentation protocols and languages
Challenge 4: Solving the bottleneck of
computational representation of arguments
• The Argument Interchange Format (AIF) is a major step towards
automated exchange of arguments between intelligent software
agents.
• This is a strong requirement for
the wide deployment and adoption
of argumentation systems
• Need for developing a deeper understanding of properties of
interaction protocols and communication languages.
• Possible solution: use of usergenerated content and content
g
annotation.
• This involves providing answers to questions such as:
•
What protocol should two agents use to undertake a
negotiation, and why?
•
Should a negotiation always require the same protocol?
Should the protocol depend on the type of negotiation?
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
• There has been some progress in
the development of theoretical and
software components (e.g. ArgDF,
integrating AIF and Semantic Web
issues).
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Challenge 6: Need for Linking
between argumentation and other disciplines
Challenge 5: Need for Scalability
in argument-based systems
• If an argumentation system is
intended to support millions of people
engaged
in
some
deliberation,
considerable work is need for scaling
up the emerginig applications…
• Links between argumentation and other disciplines need
further attention in the 21st century, e.g.
• qualitative formalisms for representing uncertainty
• game theory
• political theory (moving towards e-democracy, egovernment etc.).
government,
etc )
• Organization theory (systems for collaborative work, etc.).
• Systems are needed to organize
people’s qualitative arguments and the
justifications they hold for their views.
Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications
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¡ Gracias por su atención…!
END OF PART 5
¿Preguntas?
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