,QWURGXFFLyQDO0LFURSURFHVDGRU 0DLWH2UDPD0LUDQGD:LOOLDP1HULV'LD] 8QLYHUVLGDGGH3XHUWR5LFRHQ+XPDFDR $EVWUDFWR (Q HVWH ODERUDWRULR FRPHQ]DPRV D WUDEDMDU FRQ HO PLFURSURFHVDGRU 3UDFWLFDPRV DOJXQDVGHODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHGDWRV\DOJXQDVGHDULWPpWLFDV&UHDPRV WUHVSURJUDPDVXWLOL]DQGRHVWDVLQVWUXFFLRQHV , 7HRUtD ¢4XHHVXQPLFURSURFHVDGRU" 8Q PLFURSURFHVDGRU HV XQ FLUFXLWR HOHFWUyQLFR TXH DFW~D FRPR XQLGDG FHQWUDO GH SURFHVR GH XQ RUGHQDGRU SURSRUFLRQDQGR HO FRQWURO GH ODV RSHUDFLRQHV GH FiOFXOR /RV PLFURSURFHVDGRUHV WDPELpQ VH XWLOL]DQ HQ RWURV VLVWHPDV LQIRUPiWLFRV DYDQ]DGRV FRPR LPSUHVRUDV DXWRPyYLOHVRDYLRQHV (OPLFURSURFHVDGRUHVXQWLSRGH FLUFXLWR VXPDPHQWH LQWHJUDGR /RV FLUFXLWRV LQWHJUDGRV WDPELpQ FRQRFLGRV FRPR PLFURFKLSV R FKLSV VRQ FLUFXLWRV HOHFWUyQLFRV FRPSOHMRV IRUPDGRV SRU FRPSRQHQWHVH[WUHPDGDPHQWHSHTXHxRV /RV PLFURSURFHVDGRUHV PRGHUQRV LQFRUSRUDQ KDVWD PLOORQHV GH WUDQVLVWRUHV TXH DFW~DQ FRPR DPSOLILFDGRUHV HOHFWUyQLFRV RVFLODGRUHV R PiV D PHQXGR FRPR FRQPXWDGRUHV DGHPiV GH RWURV FRPSRQHQWHV FRPR UHVLVWHQFLDV GLRGRV FRQGHQVDGRUHV \ FRQH[LRQHV WRGR HOOR HQ XQD VXSHUILFLH FRPSDUDEOHDODGHXQVHOORSRVWDOL 8QPLFURSURFHVDGRUFRQVWDGHYDULDV VHFFLRQHV GLIHUHQWHV < HVWDV VRQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV XQLGDG DULWPpWLFROyJLFD $/8 HVWD HIHFW~D FiOFXORV FRQ Q~PHURV\WRPDGHFLVLRQHVOyJLFDV ORVUHJLVWURV (VWRV VRQ ]RQDV GH PHPRULD HVSHFLDOHV SDUD DOPDFHQDU LQIRUPDFLyQWHPSRUDOPHQWH XQLGDGGHFRQWURO OD FXDO VH HQFDUJD GH GHFRGLILFDU ORV SURJUDPDV ORVEXVHV 7UDQVSRUWDQ LQIRUPDFLyQ GLJLWDO D WUDYpVGHOFKLS\GHODFRPSXWDGRUD ODPHPRULDORFDO HVWD VH XVD SDUD ORV FyPSXWRV UHDOL]DGRVHQHOPLVPRFKLS /D YHORFLGDG GH XQ PLFUR VH PLGH HQ PHJDKHUW] 0+] R JLJDKHUW] *+] 0+] (Q OD VLJXLHQWH ILJXUD VH PXHVWUD FRPR OXFHXQPLFURSURFHVDGRU 8 567,1 $' $' $' $' $' $' $' $' $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ; ; 6,' 75$3 567 567 567 ,175 ,17$ 6 6 +2/' 5($'< $/( :5 5' ,20 56727 &/.2 62' +/'$ )LJXUDPLFURSURFHVDGRU ,, ([SHULPHQWR (Q HVWH H[SHULPHQWR KLFLPRV WUHV SURJUDPDVXWLOL]DQGRHOPLFURSURFHVDGRU (VWRV SURJUDPDV VXPDEDQ ORV GDWRV TXH WHQtDQ HQ OD PHPRULD \D JUDEDGRV/RVHVSDFLRVGHODPHPRULD\ ORVGDWRVTXHXVDPRVIXHURQ $GGUHVV 3URJUDPD, 'DWR $ $VVHPEO\ /;,+ +H[FRGH 029%0 (VWH SURJUDPD OR TXH KDFH HV UHDOL]DU XQD VXPD \ JUDEDU HO UHVXOWDGR HQXQHVSDFLRGHPHPRULD(OSURJUDPD GRV KDFH OR PLVPR SHUR XVDQGR RWUDV LQVWUXFFLRQHV\HVHOVLJXLHQWH 3URJUDPD,, (OSULPHUSURJUDPDTXHPRQWDPRVIXHHO VLJXLHQWH 'LUHF FDUJDVWH SRQORHQ % ,1;+ 6XEHXQD SRVLFLyQ 029$0 ( 0XHYHOR TXH FDUJDVWH\ SRQORHQ $ $''% $ORTXH HVWDHQ$ VHOHVXPD % ,1;+ 6XEHXQD SRVLFLyQ HQ PHPRULD 0290$ /RTXH HVWDHQ$ FROyFDOR HQ PHPRULD 287 ' /RTXH HVWDHQ PHPRULD PXpVWUDOR HQORV VHYHQ VHJPHQWV +/7 'HWHQHHO SURJUDPD 7DEOD,QVWUXFFLRQHVSDUDHOSURJUDPD ,QVWUXF &DUJDHO SULPHU GDWRGH PHPRULD (OGDWR TXH 'LUH $VVHPEO\ /'$ +H[FRGH $ 029%$ /'$ $ ,QVWUXF /RTXHHVWD HQ FROyFDORHQ HO DFXPXODGRU /RTXHHVWD HQ$ FROyFDORHQ % /RTXHHVWD HQ FROyFDORHQ HO DFXPXODGRU $''% 6XPDOR TXHHVWDHQ HO DFXPXODGRU D% 67$ *XDUGDOR TXHHVWDHQ HO DFXPXODGRU 287 ' /R TXHHVWD HQPHPRULD PXpVWUDOR HQORV VHYHQ VHJPHQWV +/7 'HWpQHO SURJUDPD 7DEOD,QVWUXFFLRQHVSDUDHOSURJUDPD < SRU XOWLPR KLFLPRV HVWH SURJUDPD TXH UHDOL]D XQDV VXPDV SHUR HVWDYH]ORVGDWRVVRQLQWURGXFLGRVHQHO PLVPR SURJUDPD \ VH XWLOL]DQ RWUDV LQVWUXFFLRQHV 3URJUDPD,,, 'LUH $VVHPEO\ 09,$ +H[FRGH ( $',$ &$ 09,% $', & 09,& ( ,QVWUXF 0XHYH LQPHGLDWD PHQWH DO DFXPXODG RU 6XPD LQPHGLDWD PHQWH$ DO DFXPXODG RU 0XHYH LQPHGLDWD PHQWH D% 6XPD LQPHGLDWD PHQWH DO DFXPXODG RU 0XHYH LQPHGLDWD PHQWH D& $''& 6XPD&D ORTXH HVWDHQHO DFXPXODG RU 287 ' /RTXH HVWDHQ PHPRULD PXpVWUDOR HQORV VHYHQ VHJPHQWV +/7 'HWp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iQHQGLFKD HVFDOD ,9 'LVFXVLyQ\$QiOLVLV (Q ORV SULPHURV GRV SURJUDPDV HQ ORVTXHREWXYLPRVORVPLVPRVUHVXOWDGRV SRGHPRV GHFLU TXH HO SULPHUR RFXSD PHQRV OtQHDV GH PHPRULD SHUR HO VHJXQGR HV PXFKR PiV IiFLO GH HQWHQGHU 0LHQWUDV HQ pO XOWLPR DSUHQGLPRV TXH FXDQGR VH OH GD OD LQVWUXFFLyQ GH VXPDU HO DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH OH VXPD HO GDWRDORTXHHVWDEDHQHODFXPXODGRU (QWUH ODV LQVWUXFFLRQHV 09, $ \ /'$ KD\ XQD JUDQ GLIHUHQFLD \ HVWD HV TXH HQ OD SULPHUD HO YDORU VH PXHYH LQPHGLDWDPHQWH DO DFXPXODGRU PLHQWUDV HQ OD VHJXQGD HO FDUJD OR TXH HVWDHQODGLUHFFLyQDODFXPXODGRU /D LQVWUXFFLyQ 67$ JXDUGD OR TXH HVWD HQ HO DFXPXODGRU HQ OD GLUHFFLyQHVWDVVRQODVGLIHUHQFLDV EiVLFDVHQWUHFDGDXQDGHHOODV 9 &RQFOXVLyQ (Q FRQFOXVLyQ HVWH H[SHULPHQWR IXH XQRPX\LQWHUHVDQWH\HQWUHWHQLGR\DTXH FRPHQ]DPRV D YHU \ FRQRFHU PHMRU FRPR WUDEDMDQ ODV FRPSXWDGRUDV \ RWURV DUWHIDFWRVTXHWLHQHQPLFURSURFHVDGRUHV $SUHQGLPRV VREUH ODV GLIHUHQWHV LQVWUXFFLRQHVGHORVPLFURSURFHVDGRUHV\ SXGLPRV DSOLFDU HVWH FRQRFLPLHQWR SDUD KDFHUGLVWLQWRVSURJUDPDV -XDQ +HUUHULDV ¢4Xp HV HO PLFURSURFHVDGRU" L ZZZFRQR]FDVXKDUGZDUHFRP