Crónicas - SEI Consultores

Anuncio
de
campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
Haber desarrollado más de quinientos proyectos de consultoría, en
un mercado tan competitivo y exigente, hace de SEI no solo una de
las empresas más reconocidas en el ámbito nacional por su calidad
en el levantamiento de información, sino un punto de referencia
dentro del mercado laboral para todos aquellos que se han desempeñado en operativos de campo. SEI, sin duda, es una gran familia,
con todas las bondades y dificultades de las familias grandes, con
muchos tipos de miembros, diversas clases de relaciones entre
ellos, y un sinnúmero de vivencias por contar.
Crónicas de campo De encuestas y otros relatos
Crónicas
Crónicas
de
campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
Proyecto 500 - Concurso de crónicas
Cronicas
campo
de
De encuestas y otros relatos
Proyecto 500 - Concurso de crónicas
Jurados del concurso:
0DUWKD,VDEHO*XWLpUUH]/OLQiV
Óscar Rodríguez Nieto
/DXUD-XDQLWD3DODFLR&DQR
Luz Adriana Arana Vargas
Gerente
Yimer Yezid Botiva Gutiérrez
Directora de operaciones
Ángela Yamiled Palacio Basto
'LUHFWRUDÀQDQFLHUD\DGPLQLVWUDWLYD
Eniht Maldonado Álvarez
3URIHVLRQDOGHDSR\R
Luz Adriana Arana Vargas
Director de gestión de datos
3UR\HFWR(VFXHODGHSDGUHV7,&
Diego Alejandro Velandia Granados
7tWXORGHODREUD
&5Ð1,&$6'(&$032'HHQFXHVWDV\RWURVUHODWRV
Autores varios
&RODERUDGRUHV
&RUUHFFLyQGH(VWLOR&HFLOLD0DWL]
Edición: Luz Adriana Arana Vargas
Revisión: Ángela Yamiled Palacio Basto
Prólogo: Óscar Rodríguez Nieto
'LVHxRGHFDUiWXOD\GLDJUDPDFLyQ$QGUpV2UWL]
Primera Edición
)HEUHURGH
,PSUHVRHQ%RJRWi&RORPELDSRU3$1$0(5,&$1$)RUPDVH,PSUHVRV6$
(VWDSXEOLFDFLyQKDVLGRÀQDQFLDGDHQVXWRWDOLGDGSRU6(,SDUDGLVWULEXFLyQJUDWXLWDHQWUHVXVFRODERUDGRUHV
5HVHUYDGRVWRGRVORVGHUHFKRV1RVHSHUPLWHODUHSURGXFFLyQWRWDORSDUFLDOGHHVWDREUDQLVXLQFRUSRUDFLyQDXQVLVWHPD
LQIRUPiWLFRQLVXWUDQVPLVLyQHQFXDOTXLHUIRUPDRSRUFXDOTXLHUPHGLRHOHFWUyQLFRPHFiQLFRIRWRFRSLDJUDEDFLyQX
RWURVVLQDXWRUL]DFLyQHVFULWDGHORVDXWRUHV/DLQIUDFFLyQGHGLFKRVGHUHFKRVVHFRQVWLWX\HHQXQGHOLWRFRQWUDODSURSLHGDGLQWHOHFWXDO
6
Contenido
,QWURGXFFLyQ
(OEXUURGHO6DODGR
Un caza no-va Dulce o amargo ¢'yQGHHVWiODIHOLFLGDG"
7RGRSXHGHFDPELDU $OJ~QGtDPLUDGLRVHUi3KLOLSV
Presas en el extranjero Amistades peligrosas Pata e’ Plomo 'HVSLQFKDGRSRUODV)$5&
El mejor regalo de cumpleaños
A la inversa
La calle Estrella -XJRGHJXDQiEDQD
La inocencia tocó mi alma
9LVLWDLQROYLGDEOH
$OPDOWLHPSREXHQDFDUD
Margarita
7LHUUDGHGUDJRQHV\YDPSLURV
7
9
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
/RVPXHUWRVD~QHVWiQSUHVHQWHV
3HQVDPLHQWRVHTXLYRFDGRV
9LYLU\VHQWLU%RMD\iHQWUHHOUHFXHUGR\HOROYLGR
-XQWRVHQ&DQGHODULD Eterna dualidad 2GLVHDSRUHO+XLOD
El perdido
7UDYHVtDGHOPXQGRGLJLWDO
Mi primer viaje 4XLHQORYLYHHVTXLHQORFXHQWD
El gran telar de la vida Vivencias para la memoria
Mi gran susto 0LOOHJDGDD6(,\PLSULPHUSUR\HFWR 8QDPLUDGDGHODYLGDGHVGHDTXHOORVRMRV\DVLQOX]
8QGtDPiVGHWUDEDMR La visita a un lugar recóndito Una gran lección de vida
Un viaje inesperado
6XSHUYLYHQFLDGLYLQD El comienzo de una gran historia
8
89
+
Introducción
DEHUGHVDUUROODGRPiVGHTXLQLHQWRVSUR\HFWRVGHFRQVXOWRUtD
HQXQPHUFDGRWDQFRPSHWLWLYR\H[LJHQWHKDFHGH6(,QR
VROR XQD GH ODV HPSUHVDV PiV UHFRQRFLGDV HQ HO iPELWR QDFLRQDO
SRUVXFDOLGDGHQHOOHYDQWDPLHQWRGHLQIRUPDFLyQVLQRXQSXQWR
GHUHIHUHQFLDGHQWURGHOPHUFDGRODERUDOSDUDWRGRVDTXHOORVTXH
VHKDQGHVHPSHxDGRHQRSHUDWLYRVGHFDPSR6(,VLQGXGDHVXQD
JUDQIDPLOLDFRQWRGDVODVERQGDGHV\GLÀFXOWDGHVGHODVIDPLOLDV
JUDQGHVFRQPXFKRVWLSRVGHPLHPEURVGLYHUVDVFODVHVGHUHODFLRQHVHQWUHHOORV\XQVLQQ~PHURGHYLYHQFLDVSRUFRQWDU
3DUDTXLHQHVYDQDFDPSRSRUSULPHUDYH]HOFRQWDFWRFRQOD
UHDOLGDGORVDIHFWDSURIXQGDPHQWH(ODFWRDSDUHQWHPHQWHVHQFLOOR
GH HQWDEODU XQD FRQYHUVDFLyQ DSUHQGLGD FRQ XQD SHUVRQD GHVFRQRFLGD SHGLUOH SHUPLVR SDUD HQWUDU HQ VX YLYLHQGD \ FRPHQ]DU D
LQGDJDUOHVREUHVXYLGDHVXQUHWRFXDQGRQRVHKDKHFKRDQWHV(Q
ocasiones las personas entrevistadas dejan ver sus condiciones de
YLGDVXVGLÀFXOWDGHV\VXVVXIULPLHQWRV\QRSXHGHQHYLWDUVHQVLELOL]DUVH2WUDVYHFHVFXDQGRODYLROHQFLDGHOFRQÁLFWR\ODLQVHJXULGDG
FRQGLFLRQDQ \ SHUPHDQ ODV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV HQ ODV FXDOHV VH SXHGH
OOHYDUDFDERHOWUDEDMRXQDVHQVDFLyQGHLPSRWHQFLD\VROHGDGORV
LQYDGH \ VL SUDFWLFDQ DOJXQD IH UHFXHUGDQ OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH SRGHUFUHHUHQDOJXLHQVXSHULRUTXHOHVSURWHMD,JXDOPHQWHFXDQGR
HOPLHGRGHQRORJUDUHOQ~PHURGHHQFXHVWDVVHFRPELQDFRQOD
DQJXVWLDGHQRVDEHUHQTXpPRPHQWRXQDVLWXDFLyQVHQFLOODSXHGH
FRPSOLFDUVHGHEHQLPSURYLVDUVROXFLRQHVRGHMDUVHVRUSUHQGHUSRU
9
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
Ð6&$552'5Ì*8(=1,(72
Jurado
HOGHVWLQR(VDVVLWXDFLRQHVJHQHUDOPHQWHGHMDQXQDKXHOODLPERUUDEOHFXDQGRVHWLHQHOD
SRVLELOLGDGGHYLYLUODV
2WURVKDQDVXPLGRHVWDDFWLYLGDGFRPRXQDRFXSDFLyQWHPSRUDOPLHQWUDVHVSHUDQ
XQDRSRUWXQLGDGGLVWLQWDHQVXVSURIHVLRQHVXRÀFLRVSHURXQDYH]YLYHQODH[SHULHQFLD
GHFDPSR\DQRTXLHUHQWUDEDMDUHQDOJRGLIHUHQWH\KDFHQGHOOHYDQWDPLHQWRGHHQFXHVWDV
VXIRUPDGHYLGD/DVHQVDFLyQGHOLEHUWDGSURGXFWRGHOVDOLUGHODUXWLQDIDPLOLDUGLDULD
\ HPSUHQGHU XQD DYHQWXUD QXHYD HQ XQ OXJDU UHPRWR R GHVFRQRFLGR WHUPLQD GiQGROH
RWURVHQWLGRDVXVYLGDV&DGDYLDMHHQWUHJDQRVRORQXHYRVFRQRFLPLHQWRVVREUHOXJDUHV
\FRVWXPEUHVVLQRHQFXHQWURVFRQVHUHVPX\HVSHFLDOHV\YDOLRVRV«FiOLGRV\JHQHURVRV
DQÀWULRQHV GLVSXHVWRV D FRODERUDU HQ OD VROXFLyQ GH PXFKRV SUREOHPDV VLQ HVSHUDU UHFRPSHQVD4XLHQHVORVUHFLEHQFRPRDPLHPEURVGHODIDPLOLDD\XGDQDFRPSUHQGHUTXH
HQHVWHPXQGRKD\PXFKDVPiVSHUVRQDVGHODVLPDJLQDEOHVGHVGHODEXOOLFLRVDFLXGDG
GLVSXHVWDVDKDFHUHOELHQ\DFRPSDUWLUJHQHURVDPHQWH
&DGDVLWLRYLVLWDGRFDGDEXVSURYLVWRGHDODVSDUDDWUDYHVDUPRQWDxDV\OODQXUDVFRQ
OD~QLFDPLVLyQGHOOHYDUORVDQXHYRVGHVWLQRVFDGDSDUTXHGHSXHEORFDGDSDTXHWHGH
7RGR5LFRFRQJDVHRVDHQXQDWLHQGDHVTXLQHUDFDGDKHODGRGHVDOSLFyQFDGDQLxRHQELFLFOHWDDWUDYHVDQGRHOFDPLQRFDGDPRPHQWRFRP~QRH[WUDRUGLQDULRD\XGDDFRQÀJXUDU
HVDDFXPXODFLyQGHUHFXHUGRVGHVRUGHQDGRVOODPDGDYLGD
1RKD\PHMRUPDQHUDGHFHOHEUDUHOKDEHUORJUDGRHVWDWUD\HFWRULDTXHEXVFDQGR
UHVFDWDUHVDVYLYHQFLDVSURSLDVGHODVYLGDVGHFDGDXQRGHORVPLHPEURVTXHFRQIRUPDQ
HOJUXSRGHFDPSR\GH6(,FRPRXQWRGR¢([LVWHDFDVRXQDPHMRUPDQHUDGHUHFROHFWDU
HVDLQIRUPDFLyQVLQRHVSRUPHGLRGHTXLHQHVYLYLHURQGLFKDVH[SHULHQFLDV\VLHPSUHKDQ
TXHULGRFRPSDUWLUODV")XHDVtFRPRQDFLyODLGHDGHUHFRSLODUODV£XQFRQFXUVRGHFUyQLFDFRQHOÀQGHRWRUJDUUHFRQRFLPLHQWRDHVDVKLVWRULDVTXHFRQÀJXUDQHOFDUiFWHU\HO
DOPDGHHVDJUDQIDPLOLD/DIRUPDGHKDFHUODVSHUGXUDUVHUiPHGLDQWHHVWDSXEOLFDFLyQ
SDUDFRPSDUWLUODHQWUHTXLHQHVKDQYLYLGRVLWXDFLRQHVVLPLODUHV\TXLHQHVODVSRGUiQYLYLU
HQHOIXWXUR
10
E
El burro del Salado
Autor: Alexa
QHOPHVGHVHSWLHPEUHGHPHHQFRQWUDEDYLDMDQGRDOVXU
GHOD&RVWD$WOiQWLFDFRPRPLHPEURGHOSUR\HFWRGH86$,'
FRQ6(,&RORPELD5HVSRQGH<DHUDPHGLRGtDGtD\UHFXHUGRTXHHO
FDORUOOHJDEDDORVJUDGRV\ROOHYDEDPLQXWRVFDPLQDQGRHVWDEDVXGDQGRDFKRUURV\ODVERWDVSDQWDQHUDVQRD\XGDEDQPXFKR
'HEtDYLVLWDUXQDYHUHGDHQWUHWDQWRVVLWLRVTXHVHUHFRUUHQ
SRUQXHVWURVFDPLQRVGHHQFXHVWDGRUWDOYH]HUD3DMRQDO&KHQJXH
0DFD\HSRR6DEDQDVGH0XWDWiQRVpSHURGHVHJXURHUDSRUORV
0RQWHVGH0DUtD(OSURSyVLWRGHHVHODUJRUHFRUULGRHUDHQWUHYLVWDUDXQDIDPLOLDEHQHÀFLDULDGHOSUR\HFWR3DUDORJUDUORWRFDEDVHJXLUODVLQGLFDFLRQHVHQWUHHOODVVXELU\EDMDUXQDPRQWDxDEDVWDQWH
SHQGLHQWHSHURKHUPRVD
+DELHQGRUHFRUULGR\DXQWUD\HFWRGHOFDPLQRFRQHVWDWHPSHUDWXUDWDQDOWDSHURGLVIUXWDQGRLQWHQVDPHQWHODEHOOH]DPiJLFD
GHOSDLVDMHGHODUHJLyQPHWURSHFpHQODWURFKDFRQXQJUXSRGH
FDPSHVLQRVDOSDUHFHURULXQGRVGHOD]RQDTXHOOHYDEDQXQDFDUJD
GHPHUFDGRUHSDUWLGDHQGRVPXODV\GRVEXUURV%XHQRHQUHDOLGDG HUDQ WUHV EXUURV SHUR XQR GH HOORV QR OOHYDED FDUJD QL OR
PRQWDEDQ(VRPHSDUHFLyFXULRVR6HYHtDXQEXUURWUDQTXLORGH
FRORUEODQFRJULVRVR\PHUHFRUGyD3ODWHURHOEXUURGHOTXHKDEtD
HVFXFKDGRKDEODUFXDQGRHUDSHTXHxD²¢4XpKDFHSRUDFi"PH
GLMRXQRGHHOORV\HPSH]DPRVDFRQYHUVDUGLFLpQGROHVSDUDGyQGH
LEDFXiOHUDHOPRWLYRGHPLYLDMHDTXpIDPLOLDLEDDYLVLWDU\£SUHFLVRFDVXDOLGDGHVTXHQRIDOWDQ«XQRGHHOORVHUDHOVXHJURGHOD
SHUVRQDTXHGHEtDHQWUHYLVWDU
11
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
6H SUHVHQWy ²0H OODPR )RUWXQDWR \ ¢XVWHG"PH SUHVHQWp \ pO GLMR ²VLHQGR DVt
VLJDFRQQRVRWURVTXHWDPELpQYDPRVpaDOOi«8VWHGYLQLHQGRGHODFDSLWDOGHEHHVWDU
DVROHDGDQRFUHRTXHHVWpDFRVWXPEUDGD\WRGDYtDQRVIDOWDQFRPRGRVKRUDVGHFDPLQR
/HUHVSRQGt²PHYHQJRKLGUDWDQGRFRQDJXDWDPELpQPHSURWHMRFRQHVWHVRPEUHULWR VDEDQHUR TXHFRPSUp HQ OD ]RQD \ VRQUHt 6HJXLPRV HO UHFRUULGR FRQYHUVDQGR
SHUR\RVHQWtDTXHHOFDORUPHPDUHDEDSDUHFtDTXHVHPHGHUUHWtDODSLHO
(QXQDSDUWHGHOFDPLQRGRQGHFRQYHUJHQGRVVHQGHURVYLTXHEDMDEDQGHODPRQWDxDVLHWHKRPEUHVXQLIRUPDGRVFRQFDPXÁDGR\ERWDVSDQWDQHUDV$OHQFRQWUDUQRVQRV
SUHJXQWDURQ²¢+DFLDGyQGHVHGLULJHQ"\HOVHxRUTXHLEDFRQYHUVDQGRFRQPLJRGRQ
)RUWXQDWROHVLQIRUPy<ROHVGLMHUiSLGDPHQWHDTXpLEDSRUDOOi(OORVGLMHURQ²DOSDVR
TXHYDQOHVIDOWDFRPRXQDKRUD\PHGLDSDUDOOHJDU0LHQWUDVFRQYHUViEDPRVHPSHFp
DQRWDUFLHUWDLQTXLHWXGHQHOEXUURTXHLEDVLQFDUJD\DXQTXHVHYHtDTXH\DHVWDEDDOJR
YLHMRHPSH]yDUR]QDU\DWUDWDUGHVDOWDU
8QRGHORVXQLIRUPDGRVTXHSDUHFtDHOFRPDQGDQWHGLMR²£$Mi¢4XpOHSDVDDHVH
EXUUR"IDOWDTXHORSRQJDQDWUDEDMDU8QRGHPLVPXFKDFKRVQHFHVLWDLUDODRWUDYHUHGD
\OOHYDUXQDUHPHVD3UpVWHPHORTXHYHQLPRVFDQVDGRV\RVpGyQGHYLYHXVWHGGHVSXpV
VHOROOHYDPRV
'RQ )RUWXQDWR OH DGYLUWLy ² £1R VH OH DFHUTXH SRU IDYRU OR SXHGH PRUGHU (O
XQLIRUPDGRUHVSRQGLy²£4XpPHYDDPRUGHUHVHEXUURYLHMR\VHOHIXHDFHUFDQGR
&XDQGRVHDFHUFyDOEXUURHVWHHPSH]yDVDOWDUORWUDWyGHPRUGHU\GHJROSHDUFRQVXV
SDWDVGHODQWHUDV(OXQLIRUPDGRVHDOHMyLQPHGLDWDPHQWH\H[FODPy£(SD¢4XpOHSDVD
DHVHEXUURSRUTXpVHSRQHDVt"'RQ)RUWXQDWROHH[SOLFy²(VODUHDFFLyQSRUHOGDxR
TXHKDQKHFKRORVGHPiV1RFRPHQWyPiV\XQVLOHQFLRH[WUDxRHQYROYLyHODPELHQWH
(QHVHPRPHQWRVXHQDXQUDGLRGHORVXQLIRUPDGRV\VHHVFXFKDXQDYR]TXHGLFH²
£$Mi¢(VTXHYDQDEDMDURQR"(OTXHSDUHFtDFRPDQGDQWHGLMR²2NHQWHUDGROLVWR\D
HVWDPRVOOHJDQGR
$QWHGHLUVHH[SUHVyLUULWDGR²£(VHEXUURHVWiEXVFDQGRQRYROYHUDUHEX]QDU\VH
PDUFKyFRQVXVDFRPSDxDQWHV1RVRWURVVHJXLPRVFDPLQDQGRHQXQVLOHQFLRTXHQDGLH
VHDWUHYtDDURPSHUFRPRFRQHFWDGRVFRQQXHVWURVSHQVDPLHQWRV3RUPLFDEH]DSDVDEDQ
PXFKDVSUHJXQWDV«¢4XLpQHVHUDQORVXQLIRUPDGRV"WDOYH]HUDQGHOHMpUFLWRQRVp
SHURHVRVtVHYHtDQUXGRV\FDQVDGRV
0HSXVHDOODGRGHOEXUUR\ORDFDULFLpURPStHOVLOHQFLR\OHSUHJXQWpDGRQ)RUWXQDWR ² ¢3RU TXp UHDFFLRQy DVt HO EXUUR PLUH TXH KDVWD VH GHMD DFDULFLDU" 6ROR PH
UHVSRQGLy²8VWHGGHEHHVWDU\DPX\FDQVDGDV~EDVHDOEXUURXQUDWR3HURXVWHGOHV
LQIRUPyDHVRVKRPEUHVTXHQRVHGHMDPRQWDUOHGLMHeOVLJXLyKDEODQGR²<DQRGHMR
TXHFDUJXHSHVRQLTXHORPRQWHQODUJRUDWRpOHVWiFDQVDGRGHWDQWRWUDEDMDUXQWLHPSR
OHWRFyGXURDGHPiVVL\DVHGHMyWRFDUGHXVWHGQDGDOHYDDSDVDU£V~EDVH0HVXEtHQpO\
HPSH]DPRVDQGDU1XQFDPHKDEtDVXELGRDXQEXUUR\PHQRVFRQHQMDOPDRDQJDULOOD«
12
El burro del Salado
1RORVTXHUtDGHVSUHFLDUSHURWDOODEDPXFKR6HSRGUiQLPDJLQDUTXHQRVHVDEtDTXHHUD
SHRUVLDQGDUDSLHRHQEXUUR
$VtFRQGRORU\FDORUTXH\RQRTXHUtDPDQLIHVWDUVHJXLPRVHOFDPLQRFKDUODQGR
VREUHPXFKDVFRVDV\PHPRULDVGHODUHJLyQ6~ELWDPHQWHGRQ)RUWXQDWRGLMR²£eOQR
JXVWDGHORVXQLIRUPDGRVDVtFRPRODVSHUVRQDVVHWUDXPDQORVDQLPDOHVWDPELpQSRU
ODVPDODVDFFLRQHVGHORVGHPiV5HSLWLyODVPLVPDVSDODEUDVSURQXQFLDGDVKDFtDXQUDWR
²¢&yPRDVtGRQ)RUWXQDWR"SUHJXQWp²£6tUHVSRQGLyQRVRWURVVRPRVGHO6DODGR\YLYLPRVODKRUUHQGDH[SHULHQFLDGHODPDVDFUHGHHVD]RQDPLEXUURSUHVHQFLyORV
KHFKRVDOLJXDOTXHQRVRWURVDVtTXHLGHQWLÀFDHOFDPXÁDGRHORORUGHODSyOYRUD\ORV
VRQLGRVGHODVDUPDV&XDQGRYHXQXQLIRUPHSDUHFHTXHUHJUHVDDORVVXFHVRVYLYLGRV\
VXUHDFFLyQRLQVWLQWRFRPRORTXHUDPRVOODPDUHVDWDFDU(OORVFUHHQTXH\RQRVHORV
TXLHURSUHVWDUSHUR\DKDDWDFDGRDYDULRVXQLIRUPDGRVTXHVHOHKDQTXHULGRDFHUFDUR
PRQWDUVXH[SHULHQFLDHQHO6DODGRWDPELpQORORJUyWUDXPDU«
6HJXtPRQWDGDHQHOEXUURVXFRPSRUWDPLHQWRPHKL]RSHQVDUKDFHUPHPRULD\
UHÁH[LRQDUVREUHODVWUDJHGLDVGHQXHVWUD&RORPELD\FRPSUHQGHUTXHKDVWDORVDQLPDOHV
VRQYtFWLPDVGHORVKHFKRVYLROHQWRVWDPELpQORVDQLPDOHVVHWUDXPDWL]DQ\UHVSRQGHQD
VXPDQHUDLJXDOTXHODVSHUVRQDVTXHKDQYLYLGRHOFRQÁLFWRDUPDGR
(VWDHVODKLVWRULDGHOEXUURGHO6DODGRTXH\RWXYHODIRUWXQDGHFRQRFHU0L3ODWHURTXHFRQWHUQXUDVLHPSUHUHFRUGDUp
13
14
&
Un caza no-va
$XWRU-XDQGHO%RVTXH
RPRVDEHQVR\XQKRPEUHPiVRPHQRVDWOpWLFRFRPRGLFHQ
SRUDKtWHQJRORPtR(VWR\UHFLpQVHSDUDGRWHQJRXQDKLMD
TXHDGRUR«
(QXQDGHHVDVFRUUHUtDVSRUORVPXQLFLSLRVGH&DOGDVDÀQDOHVGHHQHURGHHVWHDxRFRPRDODVVHLV\FXDUHQWDGHODWDUGHVLQ
UXPER\VLQQDGDTXHKDFHUPHGLULJtKDFLDHOSDUTXHFHQWUDOGH/D
'RUDGD0XFKDVSHUVRQDVHQWUDEDQDPLVDORVEDUHVHVWDEDQOOHQRV
ODPD\RUtDEHEtDFHUYH]DQRQLHJRTXHPHJXVWDSHURSULPHURHVWi
ODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGODERUDOSLHQVRTXHHVPROHVWRUHDOL]DUXQDHQWUHYLVWDGHFDUiFWHUSHUVRQDOFRQXQ´WXIRµKRUULEOH3RUHOORSUHÀHUR
HYLWDUEHEHUHQMRUQDGDVODERUDOHV&DPLQpKDVWDXQDVLOODTXHHVWDED
VRODVDTXpPLFHOXODU\FRPRVLHPSUHOODPpDPLKLMDKDEOpFRQHOOD
PHUHtPHGHVSHGtFRQWULVWH]DSHUREXHQRODYLGDFRQWLQ~D
6H VDEH TXH ODV PXMHUHV HQ WLHUUD FDOLHQWH DQGDQ HQ IDOGDV
WUDMHVHVFRWDGRVPXFKDVVLQEUDVLHURFRPRGHFtDQODVDEXHODVVLQ
VRVWpQ7LHQHQODSLHOGRUDGLWDRWUDVODWLHQHQWULJXHxDFRPRODPtD
6R\XQKRPEUHTXHKDYLYLGRHQ%RJRWi0DQL]DOHV,EDJXp\DFRVWXPEURGHFLUTXHPHODVVpWRGDV$OSDVDUORVPLQXWRVFRPHQ]y
ODVDOLGDGHPLVDGHVLHWHHUDLPSUHVLRQDQWHODFDQWLGDGGHSHUVRQDV
\HQHVSHFLDOHOQ~PHURGHFKLFDVKHUPRVDVTXHWLHQH/D'RUDGD
7RPpXQSRFRGH$JXD&ULVWDOPLHQWUDVSDVDEDQSRUPLODGRHVWDEDFRPRDQRQDGDGRSRUWDQWDEHOOH]DDFXPXODGD/XHJRGHHVD
HVWDPSLGDKXPDQDVHJXtDHQODEDQFDSHQVDQGRHQODYLGD\HQORV
VLWLRVTXHGHEtDUHFRUUHUDOGtDVLJXLHQWHFXPSOLHQGRDFDEDOLGDGORV
UHTXHULPLHQWRVGH6(,HQFDGDXQDGHODVHQWUHYLVWDVFXDQGRXQD
15
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
KRMDSRUHIHFWRVGHOYLHQWRFD\yDORVSLHVGHXQDPRQMD0HSDUpODUHFRJt\OHGLMH²
£4XpSHQD6RUPRQMD
²1RWHSUHRFXSHVQRIXHQDGD0HWRPyGHOLFDGDPHQWHGHODPDQRKDFLHQGRTXH
PHVHQWDUDDVXODGR²6RU\PRQMDVRQORPLVPRGLMRHOOD
²1RORVDEtD¢'HVHDSDORPLWDVGXOFHV"OHGLMHSDUDGLVFXOSDUPH\OHRIUHFtXQDV
SDORPLWDVHUDORPtQLPR«
Y compartiendo palomitas de maíz me contó parte de su vida e igual hice con la
PtD <RDO YHU VXYHVWLPHQWD GHVDQWD PHDEUt FRPR VL IXHUDXQOLEUROHFRQWpGHPLV
SUREOHPDV\HOODPX\SHQGLHQWHGHFDGDXQDGHPLVSDODEUDVPHGHFtDFRVDVPDUDYLOORVDV
'HERDFRWDUTXHHOODQRHUDSDUDQDGDDJUDGDEOHGHVGHODSDUWHItVLFDPHH[SOLFRHUD
GHOJDGLWDFRQXQDVSLHUQDVGHOJDGtVLPDVWRWDOPHQWHEODQFDVORFXDOVXSHFXDQGRUHFRJt
ODVKRMDVTXHVHPHKDEtDQFDtGR
'HQWURGHODFKDUODTXHHVWiEDPRVVRVWHQLHQGROOHJDPRVDHVDSDUWHGHODLQÀGHOLGDGGHODVH[XDOLGDGKXPDQD\OHFRQWpTXHQXQFDPHKDEtDDFRVWDGRFRQRWUDPXMHU
PLHQWUDVHVWXYHFDVDGR(QHVHPRPHQWRPHGLRSRUSUHJXQWDUOHVREUHVXVH[XDOLGDGGH
XQDIRUPDPX\VXWLO(OODQRWXYRUHSDURHQFRQIHVDUPHTXHDQWHVGHVHUPRQMDWHQtD
PXFKRVGHVHRVUHSULPLGRV\XVDEDPpWRGRVTXHQRHVWDEDQHVFULWRVKDVWDTXHOOHJyDOD
FRQJUHJDFLyQ«£SHQVpPXFKDVFRVDVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQ2QiQHOGHOD%LEOLD<ROHSUHVWDEDPXFKDDWHQFLyQ\OHSUHJXQWp
²<¢TXpSDVDVLURPSHQHOMXUDPHQWRGHFDVWLGDG"
²7RGRGHSHQGHGHORTXHGLJDHOVHxRURELVSRGLMRHOOD
/DPLUDEDGHXQDIRUPDGHRWUDWUDWDQGRGHHQFRQWUDUOHDOJREHOORDHVDPRQMD
WHQtDXQRVGLHQWHVHQRUPHV\DPDULOORVVXURVWURHUDEDVWDQWHGHOJDGRVHSXHGHGHFLUTXH
SHQGtDGHVXVFXHQFDVHUDUHDOPHQWHIHDSDUDPLJXVWRSHURHVHGLDEOLOORLQWHULRUTXHXQR
SRVHHPHKL]RSHQVDUHQ´HQUHGDUµDHVDPRQMDHVWDUFRQXQDPXMHUYLUJHQGHVSXpVGH
FDVLDxRVDSHVDUGHTXHFRPRPXMHUQRWHQtDPXFKRTXHRIUHFHU3RUHVRVHIXHGH
PRQMDSHQVp(OODVLJXLyKDEODQGRGHVXFDVWLGDGGHODVPRQMDVTXHKDEtDQH[SXOVDGR
GHOFODXVWURGHODVTXHHUDQHQFHUUDGDVSRUVHPDQDVHQWHUDVVRORSRUWHQHUFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVVH[XDOHVQRSHUPLWLGRV«DOHVFXFKDUODPLVKRUPRQDVVHIXHURQDFWLYDQGR3HQVp
TXHQDGLHPHFRQRFtDHQ/D'RUDGDLJXDOQXQFDOHLEDDFRQWDUDPLVDPLJRVORTXHKDEtD
KHFKRSHURPHGLMHQRVHDPLVHUDEOHQROHKDJDHVRDHVDLQGHIHQVDPRQMLWD0HSDUp\
VDOtFRUULHQGRGHDOOt(OODVHTXHGyOH\HQGROD%LEOLD3HURFRPRGLFHQSRUDKt´HOGLDEOR
HVSXHUFRµ0HGHYROYt\OHSUHJXQWpFRQXQWRQRGHYR]EDVWDQWHVXWLO²¢(QDOJ~QPRPHQWRKDVWHQLGRHVRVSHQVDPLHQWRVPXQGDQRV"
(OODDJDFKyODFDEH]D\PHGLMR²6pTXHQRVR\ODPXMHUPiVDJUDFLDGDGHOPXQGR
SHURVLHQWRFRPRFXDOTXLHUVHUKXPDQR\£VtKHVHQWLGRHVHWLSRGHVHQVDFLRQHV6HYH
TXHXVWHGKDWHQLGRPXFKDH[SHULHQFLDFRQODVPXMHUHV¢OHSXHGRSUHJXQWDUDOJR"¢DOJXQD
YH]KDHVWDGRtQWLPDPHQWHFRQXQDPRQMD"
16
Un caza no-va
²%XHQRORGHODH[SHULHQFLDQRWDQWR\«QXQFDKHHVWDGRFRQXQDSHUVRQDGHVX
FRQGLFLyQUHOLJLRVD
(OODPHWDSyODERFDFRQVXPDQR\PHGLMR²1RGLJDQDGDVRORVtJDPHYDPRV
GRQGHPLKHUPDQDTXHYLYHDWUHVFXDGUDVGHDTXtHOODHVWiHQ0DQL]DOHVGRQGHPLPDPi
ODFDVDHVWiWRWDOPHQWHVROD\RHQWUR\DORVFLQFRPLQXWRVHQWUDXVWHG
'HERUHFRQRFHUTXHORKLFHVRORSDUDSRGHUGHFLUOHVDPLVDPLJRVTXHKDEtDHVWDGR
FRQXQDPRQMD(QWUpDVXFDVDOHYDQWpVXKiELWR\GHEDMRGHpVWHHQFRQWUpODPXMHUPiV
GHOJDGDTXHKDEtDQYLVWRPLVRMRVSHURODLGHDGHKDFHUDOJRSURKLELGRHUDHOPRUERTXH
VHQHFHVLWDEDSDUDWDORFDVLyQ&HUUpIXHUWHPHQWHPLVRMRV\SDVyORTXHWHQtDTXHSDVDU«
$OFDERGHXQDVKRUDVOHSUHJXQWp²¢3HURW~QRHUDVYLUJHQ"
0X\VRQULHQWHHOODUHVSRQGLy²£<WDPSRFRPRQMD
$KtTXHGyHO&D]DQRYDTXHHUD
17
18
E
Dulce o amargo
$XWRU-R\FH
OWLHPSR\ODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVQRVFRORFDQHQGLIHUHQWHVHVFHQDULRV\DVXYH]VDFDQGHQRVRWURVODYHUGDGHUDHVHQFLDGHOR
TXHVRPRV
/RVFRQWLQXRVYLDMHVVXPDGRVDORVLQQXPHUDEOHVSUR\HFWRV
HQORVTXHKHSDUWLFLSDGRKDQGHMDGRHQPtXQDPDUFDLQGHOHEOH\
FLHQWRVGHH[SHULHQFLDVHKLVWRULDVTXHPHHQVHxDQDYDORUDUORTXH
UHDOPHQWHGHERDWHVRUDU
+DFHGRVDxRVDSUHQGtXQDJUDQOHFFLyQ9LDMDPRVGHVGHHO
PXQLFLSLRGH,SLDOHVDXQDYHUHGDPX\DSDUWDGDGHQXHVWUDKHUPRVD
JHRJUDItDSDUDUHDOL]DUODYLVLWDDXQDGHODVFDVDVVHOHFFLRQDGDVSDUD
HOHVWXGLR9LYLHQGDTXHSRUFLHUWRHUDPX\KXPLOGH\FRQJUDQGHV
SUREOHPDVGHDFFHVR5HFXHUGRTXHVHHQFRQWUDEDXELFDGDHQOD
IDOGDGHXQDPRQWDxD\TXHSDUDOOHJDUKDVWDDOOtWXYLPRVTXHEDMDU
VRVWHQLpQGRQRVGHODVUDtFHVGHORViUEROHV\DTXHQRKDEtDFDPLQR$VtHVQXHVWURWUDEDMRVLQLPSRUWDUORDSDUWDGRORGLItFLORODV
PDURPDVTXHWHQJDPRVTXHUHDOL]DUQRVGDPRVODV´PDxDVµSDUD
OOHJDUDFXDOTXLHUOXJDU
&XDQGRSRUÀQDUULEDPRVVDOLHURQDQXHVWURHQFXHQWURGRV
SUHFLRVRV DQFLDQRV TXLHQHV DO YHUQRV VRQUHtDQ \ FRQ HVD VRQULVD
QRV PRVWUDEDQ OD LQPHQVD DOHJUtD TXH HVWDEDQ VLQWLHQGR $ SHVDU
GH QR FRQRFHUQRV QL VDEHU TXLpQHV pUDPRV \ PXFKR PHQRV TXp
HVWiEDPRVKDFLHQGRHQVXFDVDHOORVVHODQ]DURQHVSRQWiQHDPHQWH
DDEUD]DUQRVFRPRVLQRVFRQRFLHUDQGHVLHPSUHHLQVLVWHQWHPHQWH
QRVLQYLWDEDQDVHJXLU&RPRHVWDEDKDFLHQGRGHPDVLDGRIUtRQRV
OOHYDURQ KDVWD OD FRFLQD GRQGH WHQtDQ SUHQGLGR HO IRJyQ GH OHxD
19
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
SDUDTXHDOOtQRVFDOHQWiUDPRVXQSRFROXHJRSXVLHURQDKDFHUXQWLQWR\EXVFDEDQHQWUH
ODVROODVODFRPLGDTXHWHQtDQSDUDRIUHFpUQRVOD+DVWDHVHPRPHQWRHVWiEDPRVWUDWDQGR
GHH[SOLFDUOHVTXpHUDORTXHYHQtDPRVDKDFHU\FXiOHUDHOPRWLYRGHQXHVWUDYLVLWDSHUR
DHOORVHVRSDUHFtDQRLPSRUWDUOHVDVtTXHKDVWDTXHQRFRPLPRVQRTXLVLHURQSUHVWDUQRV
DWHQFLyQ/RTXH\RSRGtDYHUHUDODLQPHQVDDOHJUtDTXHVHQWtDQSRUQXHVWUDYLVLWD/XHJR
HPSH]DPRVDFRQWDUOHVGHOHVWXGLRTXHHVWiEDPRVUHDOL]DQGR\SRUTXpORVYHQtDPRVD
YLVLWDUSUHFLVDPHQWHDHOORV'RQ3HGURQRVFRQWDEDTXHpOVHVHQWtDPX\IHOL]VLQLPSRUWDUODUD]yQSRUODFXDOHVWXYLpUDPRVDOOtGHFtDTXHPX\SRFDVYHFHVUHFLEtDQYLVLWDV\
TXHQLVLTXLHUDORVYHFLQRVGHODPLVPDYHUHGDORVWHQtDQHQFXHQWDSRUORDSDUWDGDTXH
TXHGDEDVXYLYLHQGD3UHRFXSDGDOHVSUHJXQWpFyPRKDFtDQSDUDVREUHYLYLUTXpKDFtDQ
SDUDFRQVHJXLUVXDOLPHQWDFLyQ\TXHVLQRVDOtDQFyPRKDFtDQSDUDWUDHUHOPHUFDGR$
GRQ3HGURVHOHDJXDURQORVRMRV\QRFRQWHVWyHQWRQFHVGRxD-XOLDPHFRQWyTXHHOORV
WHQtDQWUHVKLMRVTXHHUDQSURIHVLRQDOHVXQPpGLFRXQLQJHQLHURFLYLO\XQDKLMDTXHHUD
DUTXLWHFWDHOORVHUDQTXLHQHVPHQVXDOPHQWHJLUDEDQGLQHURDXQVHxRUHQHOSXHEORSDUD
TXHOHVKLFLHUDHOPHUFDGR\OROOHYDUDKDVWDODÀQFD7DPELpQPHFRQWyTXHHVWHVHxRU
VLHPSUHYHQtDXQDYH]DOPHVDWUDHUOHVODUHPHVD\PXFKDVYHFHVQLVLTXLHUDEDMDEDKDVWD
ODFDVDVLQRTXHDPDUUDEDORVWDOHJRVDXQDFXHUGD\ORVGHVFROJDEDSDUDTXHHOORVORVUHFLELHUDQ'HVGHDUULEDDSXURVJULWRVOHVSUHJXQWDEDFyPRHVWDEDQSDUDOOHYDUODUD]yQD
VXVKLMRV«<RPX\LQWULJDGDOHSUHJXQWpFDGDFXiQWRLEDQORVKLMRVDYLVLWDUORV'RxD-XOLD
VRQULyGXOFHPHQWH\PHGLMR²1RHOORVQXQFDYLHQHQHVWiQGHPDVLDGRRFXSDGRVSRUTXH
WLHQHQFDUJRVPX\LPSRUWDQWHV\ORVSREUHVQRWLHQHQWLHPSR<RPHTXHGpSHQVDQGR
\OHGLMHTXHHOORVSRUTXpQRVHLEDQDYLYLUFRQDOJXQRGHVXVKLMRVDORTXHGRQ3HGUR
FRQWHVWy²£1RPLMLWDODVWLPRVDPHQWH\RPHVDFULÀTXpWUDEDMDQGRSDUDTXHPLVKLMRV
IXHUDQORVSURIHVLRQDOHVTXHVRQKR\FUH\HQGRTXHHVWRVHUtDORPHMRUSHURVHPHROYLGy
HQVHxDUOHVRWUDVFRVDVFRPRORVYDORUHV\HOUHVSHWR'RxD-XOLDLQWHUUXPSLyGLFLpQGROH
²3HGURQRGLJDHVRPLUHTXHVRQVXVKLMRV\HOORVYLYHQPX\RFXSDGRVSHURQRKDFHQ
QDGDPDOR«'RQ3HGURFRQWHVWy²¢QDGDPDOR"¢OHSDUHFHSRFRTXHVHDYHUJHQFHQ
GHQRVRWURVTXHGLJDQTXHQRVRWURVORVKDFHPRVTXHGDUHQULGtFXORSRUTXHQRVDEHPRV
FRPHUQLFRPSRUWDUQRV\HOORVWLHQHQPXFKRVDPLJRVLPSRUWDQWHVTXHYLYHQLQYLWDQGRD
VXVFDVDV"£$\-XOLDXVWHGHVOD~QLFDTXHWRGDYtDFUHHTXHWDQWRHVWXGLRVLUYLySDUDDOJR
$OVHQWLUTXHHODPELHQWHVHHVWDEDWRUQDQGRXQSRFRWHQVRWUDWpGHGHVYLDUODFRQYHUVDFLyQSUHJXQWiQGROHVRWUDVFRVDVSHURHQPLPHQWH\HQPLFRUD]yQTXHGyJUDEDGD
HVWD FRQYHUVDFLyQ 6LHPSUH UHFXHUGR HVWD KHUPRVD SDUHMD GH DQFLDQRV TXH OR VDFULÀFy
WRGRSDUDVDFDUDVXVKLMRVDGHODQWHTXLHQHVQRWLHQHQWLHPSRSDUDUHFRPSHQVDUWDQWRV
HVIXHU]RV\FUHHQTXHFRQHOGLQHURORSXHGHQVXSOLUWRGR1LVLTXLHUDVHLPDJLQDQTXHOR
TXHVXVSDGUHVUHFODPDQDJULWRVHVXQSRFRGHDWHQFLyQGHWLHPSRGHDPRU\GHUHVSHWR
(VWDIXHSDUDPtXQDH[SHULHQFLDFRQXQWLQWHGXOFH\DPDUJRDODYH]TXHSHUVRQDOPHQWHPHVLUYLyPXFKRSDUDUHFDSDFLWDU\UHFRUGDUODVDELGXUtDGH'LRVSODVPDGDHQ
20
Dulce o amargo
VXSDODEUDODFXDOKR\TXLHURFRPSDUWLUFRQWRGRVXVWHGHVSDUDTXHHYDO~HQVLGHSURQWR
han tomado la misma actitud de los personajes de esta crónica:
´,QVWUX\HDOQLxRHQVXFDPLQR\DXQFXDQGRIXHUHYLHMRQRVHDSDUWDUiGHpOµ
3URY
´(OKLMRVDELRDOHJUDDOSDGUHSHURHOKLMRQHFLRHVWULVWH]DGHVXPDGUHµ
3URY
´+RQUDDWXSDGUH\DWXPDGUHSDUDTXHWHYD\DELHQ\VHDVGHODUJDYLGDµ
(I
´(OKLMRQHFLRHVSHVDGXPEUHGHVXSDGUH\DPDUJXUDGHODTXHORGLRDOX]µ
3URY
21
22
&
¿Dónde está
la felicidad?
$XWRU*DUÀHOG
XHQWDODKLVWRULDTXHDÀQDOHVGHPD\RGHXQJUXSRGH
WUHV YDOLHQWHV FDEDOOHURV \ GRV EHOODV GDPDV YLDMDEDQ SRU ODV
OHMDQDVWLHUUDVFRQXQDJUDQPLVLyQSDUDORVQLxRVDGROHVFHQWHV\
MyYHQHVGHQXHVWUDDPDGDWULFRORUH[SORUDQGRORVOXJDUHVPiVGHVRODGRV<FXDQGRKDEORGHGHVRODGRVQRPHUHÀHURDODIDOWDGH
YLYLHQGDVKDEORGHODGHVRODFLyQFXDQGRYHVHOIXWXURGHWDQULFD
UHJLyQGHVDSDUHFLHQGRFRPRDUHQDHQWUHORVGHGRV3HURQRWRGR
HUDGHVRODFLyQWDPELpQKDEtDDUFRtULVULVDVFDPLQDWDVODUJDV\DO
ÀQDOGHODQRFKHODUHFRPSHQVDGHKDEHUKHFKRELHQORTXHPiVQRV
JXVWD«HQFXHVWDU
Volvamos a la maravillosa historia de tan particulares persoQDMHV&RPRHQWRGRJUXSRKD\XQOtGHUQRKDEORGHXQMHIHSRUTXHDXQTXHpOWHQtDHOPDQGR\HOORORKDFtDXQMHIHHUDPiVTXHHVR
pOHUDXQJUDQ\YHUGDGHUR/Ì'(50HGtDFRPRPWVSHVDED
FRPRNJGHWH]EODQFDVRQULVDDPLJDEOHPLUDGDOOHQDGHDOHJUtD
\FRQVXDUPDGXUDVLHPSUHSXHVWD6HGLFHTXHHVWXYRHQHOIXWXUR\
WUDMRSDUDVXVFDEDOOHURV\EHOODVGDPDVXQRVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHFDSWXUD
OODPDGRVSRUWiWLOHVFRQORVFXDOHVHUDPiVIiFLOUHDOL]DUODPLVLyQ
(OVHJXQGRFDEDOOHURHUDPiVFRQRFLGRFRPR6215,(17(
SHURQRHUDSRUTXHWXYLHUDXQDVRQULVDDWRGDKRUDHQVXERFDDXQTXHUHtDPiVELHQHUDSRUTXHFRQVXKXPRUPDQWHQtDHOEXHQiQLPR
GHORVGHPiVSRFDVSHUVRQDVWHQtDQHOGRQGHKDFHUVRQUHtUKDVWDHO
FRUD]yQPiVWULVWH\FDQVDGRVXVFDEHOORVHVWDEDQEDxDGRVSRUXQD
TXHRWUDFDVFDGDGHSODWDORFXDOHUDVtPERORGHXQDJUDQQREOH]D
23
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
(OWHUFHUFDEDOOHURHUDXQDSUHQGL]DXQTXHDQGDEDHQOHMDQDVWLHUUDVSDUDFXPSOLU
WDQDUGXDYDOLHQWH\KRQRUDEOHPLVLyQQRWHUPLQDEDSRUGHVSUHQGHUVHGHDTXHOKLORGH
SODWDTXHVHJ~QFUHR\RQXQFDQDGLHHQHOPXQGRKDORJUDGRGHVSUHQGHUVHWRWDOPHQWH
SHURVLSDUFLDOPHQWHVLQHPEDUJRQXHVWURDSUHQGL]D~QQRSRUHOOROROODPDEDQ%(%e
6pTXHTXLHUHQVDEHUTXLpQHUDODSULPHUDEHOODGDPDDTXtVHODVYR\DGHVFXEULUVXV
FDEHOORVWHQtDQHOFRORUGHOVRODOPHGLRGtDHQSOHQRYHUDQRFRQIRUPDVRQGHDGDVTXH
DODQGDUVHPRYtDQFRPRSHTXHxDVRODVHQHOPDUHUDGHEDMDHVWDWXUDGHJUDQYDOHQWtD
PX\GHFLGLGDIXHUWH\DODYH]PX\VHQVLEOHGHJUDQFRUD]yQVLQSHORVHQODOHQJXD\WHQtD
HOGRQGHGHMDUKXHOODGHFUHDUYHUGDGHURVOD]RVGHDPLVWDG'HMyDVXVFRPSDxHURVXQD
JUDQIUDVHTXHQXQFDROYLGDUiQ£(1/$9,'$*UDQIUDVH
1XHVWUDVHJXQGDEHOODGDPDWHQtDVXSLHOPRUHQDFRPRGLFHODFDQFLyQFRPRORV
FXHURVGHXQJUDQWDPERUVXFXHUSRHVWDEDUHOOHQRGHDPRUHUDDOWDJUDQGHQREOHLPSXOVLYD\JXHUUHUD6HJDQyODFRQÀDQ]D\DIHFWRGHVXVFRPSDxHURVHKL]RJUDQGHVOD]RV
GHDPLVWDG(1/$9,'$, ODOODPDED%2%,7$QRSRUTXHORIXHUDHVTXHPXFKDVYHFHV
SUHIHUtDFDOODUTXHSHOHDU
1XHVWURVFLQFRYDOLHQWHVPRVTXHWHURVHPSH]DURQVXRGLVHDGRQGHTXLHUDTXHLEDQ
FRQVHJXtDQODYLFWRULDFHUUDEDQFLXGDGHV\PXQLFLSLRVFRQPXHVWUDVFRPSOHWDVHQFXHVWDV
WHUPLQDGDV\ELHQKHFKDVVHPEUDQGRHQFDGDQLxRDGROHVFHQWH\MRYHQXQDVHPLOODSDUD
VHJXLUDGHODQWH\FXPSOLUVXVVXHxRVGHWHQHUXQSUR\HFWRGHYLGD\VDEHUTXHXQDQDFLyQ
YHVWLGDGHWULFRORUHQYLyDVXVPHMRUHVJXHUUHURVDGDUWDQYDOLRVDLQIRUPDFLyQ
3DVDURQORVGtDVVXVQRFKHV\OOHJyHOPRPHQWRGHYLDMDUDXQDQXHYDSREODFLyQOODPDGD6RQVyQGRQGHIXHURQUHFLELGRVFRQPXFKRDPRU$ORVSRFRVGtDVGHKDEHUOOHJDGR
HPSUHQGLHURQXQYLDMHKDFLDXQSDUDMHURGHDGRGHFDPLQRVSHTXHxRVWURFKDVEDUURKXHOODVGHOSDVRGHODVPXODVFDEDOORV\EXUURVGHFDUJD\QRPHUHÀHURSUHFLVDPHQWHDHVD
KXHOODTXHGHMDXQDKHUUDGXUDVLQRDHVDTXHIXHOD~OWLPDSDODEUDTXHGLMRHOYLHMRPX\
FRQRFLGDSRUWRGRVQRVRWURVFRQODFXDOWHUPLQDXQOLEURGHTXLHQIXHUDFpOHEUHHVFULWRU
QDFLGRHQ$UDFDWDFD0DJGDOHQD
(UDQ\DODVQXHYHGHODPDxDQDHODVWURUH\DOXPEUDED\EULOODEDFRPRQXQFDHUD
FRPRVLVXSLHUDGHODSUHVHQFLDGHQXHVWURVYDOLHQWHV8QFDUUXDMHGHFXDWURUXHGDVORV
OOHYyDXQOXJDUOODPDGR/D7HUPLQDO\DOOtORVGHMySDUDTXHFRQWLQXDUDQVXWUDYHVtD/XHJR
FDPLQDURQGXUDQWHKRUDVSDUDHQFRQWUDUDOSUHVLGHQWHFRPXQDOGHDTXHOODUHJLyQ\SRGHU
REWHQHUODLQIRUPDFLyQGHVXVKDELWDQWHV/Ì'(5JXLDEDODFDPLQDWD6215,(17(LED
DOIUHQWHSDUHFtDXQDÁHFKDYHOR](1/$9,'$QRSHUGtDHOSDVR%2%,7$HVWDEDPX\
DWUiV«£HVWDEDWDQUHOOHQLWDGHDPRUTXHQROHHUDIiFLOVHJXLUHOSDVR\%(%eQRIXH
VHTXHGyFRQVLJXLHQGRYLFWRULDVHQHOSXHEOR/OHJDURQDXQDSXQWDGRQGHVHSRGtDYHU
HOLPSRQHQWH\EHOORSDLVDMH$OOtQXHVWURVPRVTXHWHURVGHFLGLHURQWRPDUVHXQDVIRWLFRV
FRPRUHFXHUGRGHVXWUDYHVtD\SDUDSUHVXPLUPRGHVWDPHQWHHQHO)DFHERRN
&XDQGR\DHVWDEDQDSXQWRGHOOHJDUDODSULPHUDFDVDTXHOHFRUUHVSRQGtDD%2%,7$PLUDURQDWUiV\£RKVRUSUHVD%2%,7$YHQtDEDMDQGRODYHUHGDFRPRFXDQGRORV
24
¿Dónde está
la felicidad?
QLxRVVHGHVOL]DQIHOLFHVSRUXQURGDGHURSHURFRQVXJUDQWDPDxR\UHOOHQDGHDPRUPiV
ELHQSDUHFtDXQDYDTXLWDMXJDQGRFRQHOSDVWRDOURGDU/DHVFHQDFDXVyPXFKDULVDDWRGRVORVTXHODHVSHUDEDQSDUDTXHHPSH]DUDODHQFXHVWD\JDQDUDXQDYLFWRULDTXHVHYHUtD
UHÁHMDGDHQXQPHVHQXQDDPDGDFXHQWDGHOEDQFR%%9$
'HVSXpVGHGHMDUD%2%,7$FRQODVLQGLFDFLRQHVSUHFLVDVSRUSDUWHGH/Ì'(5
(1/$9,'$FRQWLQXyDVXSUy[LPDYLFWRULDDOLJXDOTXH6215,(17(/Ì'(5VLJXLy
HOFDPLQRKDFLHQGRDFRPSDxDPLHQWRDFDGDXQRPLHQWUDVLEDQSRFRDSRFRDOFDQ]DQGR
ODYLFWRULD
+DEtDQSDVDGRPXFKDVKRUDVGHYLFWRULDHQYLFWRULDGHHQFXHVWDHQHQFXHVWD\D
HUDQODVFLQFRGHODWDUGH£VRORIDOWDEDQFXDWURQREOHVSRUFRURQDU(QHVWHSXQWR(1
/$9,'$\%2%,7$VHHQFRQWUDURQSXHVDFDGDXQDOHFRUUHVSRQGtDXQDYLYLHQGDTXH
FRQWHQtDGRVERWLQHVTXHOHVSHUWHQHFtDQ$VtFRPSOHWDUtDQODPiVJUDQGHYLFWRULD7RPDURQXQDGHFLVLyQ/Ì'(5DYDQ]DUtDFRQ6215,(17(\HOODVLUtDQGHVSXpVGHREWHQLGR
HOERWtQ8QRGHORVQREOHVVHGHPRUyHQOOHJDUHPSH]yDRVFXUHFHU\FXDQGRHOERWtQ
HVWXYRFRPSOHWR\DHUDQPiVGHODVVHLVGHODWDUGH
/DVGRVEHOODVGDPDVHPSH]DURQVXFDPLQRGHUHJUHVRSDUDHQFRQWUDUVHFRQ/Ì'(5\6215,(17(HOFDPLQRHUDFDGDYH]PiVGLItFLOGHUHFRQRFHUSHURJUDFLDVDODV
KXHOODVIUHVFDVGHORVDQLPDOHV\\DVDEHQDFXiOHVKXHOODVPHUHÀHURIXHURQHQFRQWUDQGR
HOFDPLQR%2%,7$WXYRODGXGDGHVLUHDOPHQWHODVKXHOODVHVWDEDQIUHVFDVSHQVyHQ
PHWHUHOGHGRSHURPHMRUVHDFHUFyOREDVWDQWHSDUDROHU\VDEHUTXHHVWDEDQIUHVFDV6ROR
FRQWDEDQFRQODOX]GHVXVFHOXODUHV\ODGHODOXQDDXQODGRGHOFDPLQRVHHVFXFKDEDHO
SDVRIXHUWHGHXQUtR\DORWURODGRHOVLOHQFLRGHXQDELVPRQRVHYHtDQLXQFULVWLDQR
PXFKRPHQRVXQDFDVD(QWRQFHVDPEDVVHWRPDURQGHODPDQRSDUDQRFDHUQLSHUGHUVH
HQWDQRVFXURSDUDMH(1/$9,'$OHSLGLyD%2%,7$TXHFDQWDUDXQDGHHVDVFDQFLRQHVTXHVROtDFDQWDU(QHVHPRPHQWRFRPRSRUDUWHGHPDJLD%2%,7$ROYLGyODOHWUD
GH ODV FDQFLRQHV« OD EDWHUtD GH ORV FHOXODUHV HVWDED SRU WHUPLQDU \ SDUD FRPSOHWDU QR
KDEtDVHxDO£FRVDVGHODWHFQRORJtD$PEDVJULWDEDQSDUDQRVHQWLUVHVRODVSDUHFtDQORFDV
SHQVDEDQTXHPRULUtDQ\QDGLHVDEUtDTXpRFXUULy£4XpH[WUHPLVWDV%2%,7$\(1/$
9,'$KDEODURQHQYR]DOWDFRQHO6XSUHPR&UHDGRUPLHQWUDVTXHPXFKDVJRWDVGHDJXD
TXHFDtDQGHOFLHORPRMDEDQVXVDUPDGXUDV\HOFDPLQRGHEDUURVHKDFtDPiVOLVR3HURHO
6XSUHPRODVR\y\IXHDVtFRPRHPSH]DURQDDOXPEUDUUD\RVTXHFRQVXOX]OHVPRVWUDEDQ
HOFDPLQRODFRUULHQWHGHOUtRVHHVFXFKDEDFDGDYH]PiVIXHUWHSHURQXHVWUDVEHOODVJXHUUHUDVQRVHGHMDURQDPHGUDQWDUSRU3RVHLGyQ\FRQPiVJDQDVFRQWLQXDURQ
7UDVXQDKRUDGHFDPLQRHQFRQWUDURQXQDSLHGUDJUDQGHFXDQGR%2%,7$ODYLR
UHFRUGyDTXHOODpSRFDHQTXHGHODPDQRGHVXDEXHOROHDFRPSDxDEDDDUULDUHOJDQDGR
SRUODYHUHGDGH&DXFDVHFRHQHO9DOOHGHO&DXFDSDUDTXHHOJDQDGRWRPDUDDJXDHQODV
RULOODVGHOUtR&DXFDPLHQWUDVTXHHOODVHVHQWDEDHQXQDSLHGUDFRPRHVD\VXDEXHOROH
UHODWDEDKLVWRULDV£(QWRQFHVXQJUDQPLODJURRFXUULyUHFRUGy\VLQWLyODIHOLFLGDGFRPR
FXDQGRWHQtDRFKRDxRV(1/$9,'$FDPLQDEDPiVUiSLGR\WUDWDEDGHWHQHUSDFLHQFLD
25
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
FRQ%2%,7$SXHVSRUORUHOOHQLWDVXSDVRHUDPiVOHQWR'HVSXpVGHGRVKRUDV\PHGLD
GHUHFRUULGR£SRUÀQYLHURQODOX]GH/D7HUPLQDO
/Ì'(5\6215,(17(ODVYLHURQVXVRMRVEULOODEDQGHIHOLFLGDGWHPtDQTXHDOJR
OHVKXELHUDVXFHGLGR«KDVWDKDEtDQFRQWUDWDGRGRVSHRQHVFRQWRGR\FDEDOORVSDUDLUD
EXVFDUODVSHURHVWRVSHRQHVWHQtDQPLHGRSXHVVHUXPRUDEDTXHHQHVHFDPLQRDQGDEDQ
IDQWDVPDV(1/$9,'$HVWDEDXQSRFRHQRMDGD%2%,7$HVWDEDIHOL]HQVXFRUD]yQ
\D TXH JUDFLDV D HVD WUDYHVtD HQFRQWUy OD SLHGUD TXH OH UHFRUGy TXH OD IHOLFLGDG HVWi HQ
FXDOTXLHUOXJDU%2%,7$ODHQFRQWUyHQPHGLRGHODDGYHUVLGDGHQXQFDPLQRHVFDEURVR
FXPSOLHQGRFRQXQDJUDQPLVLyQSDUD6(,GHODPDQRGHXQDJUDQFRPSDxHUD\DPLJD
'LRVHVVDELR\SHUIHFWR«7~TXHOHHVHVWDKLVWRULD\DVDEHV¢GyQGHHVWiODIHOLFLGDG"
26
E
Todo puede cambiar
$XWRU<H\H
UDQ ODV FLQFR GH OD PDxDQD GHO GRV GH VHSWLHPEUH GH HOVROVDOtDUHVSODQGHFLHQWHSLQWDEDEXHQGtD6DOtDPRVDXQD
YHUHGDFHUFDGH/ODQR*UDQGH&RPRVLHPSUHQXHVWURVXSHUYLVRU
PX\SXQWXDO\DQRVHVSHUDED
3RUHOFDPLQRtEDPRVHVFXFKDQGRP~VLFDOODQHUDGLVIUXWDQGRHVRVSRHPDVTXHWHOOHJDQDODOPDHVDVOHWUDVWDQMRFRVDV\FRWLGLDQDVTXHWHKDFHQUHtU6HYHtDQPDQDGDVGHFKLJLURVJDU]DV
JDQDGRFDEDOORV\ODH[WHQVLyQGHODOODQXUD3DUDGHVD\XQDUSDUDPRVHQXQOXJDUGHFRUDGRFRQSLHOHVGHDQLPDOHVHODUPD]yQGHXQ
DUPDGLOOR\RWUDVFRVDVWtSLFDVGHODUHJLyQ
/OHJDQGRDODYHUHGDQRVWRFySDUDUHQXQDWLHQGDSDUDSRGHU
FXEULUPHMRUORVHTXLSRV\DTXHGHUHSHQWHFRPHQ]yDOORYHU\OD
VHxDOGHFHOXODUVHIXH/DQDWXUDOH]DQRVHVWDEDPRVWUDQGRTXHHQ
FXDOTXLHUPRPHQWRWRGRSXHGHFDPELDU
&RPRDODVQXHYHGHODPDxDQDFRQHOFLHORGHQXHYRGHVSHMDGRFRPHQ]DPRVDWUDEDMDUQRUPDOPHQWH'HVSXpVGHODOPXHU]R
QRVSDUDPRVIUHQWHDOUtRSDUDDGPLUDUORGHUHSHQWHYLPRVXQRV
GHOÀQHVURVDGRVTXHVHDVRPDEDQ-XDQGLMR²(VWRVVRQORVUHJDORV
GHQXHVWURWUDEDMR
<D KDEtDPRV WHUPLQDGR \ OD RWUD YHUHGD TXH WHQtDPRV TXH
WUDEDMDUTXHGDEDUHODWLYDPHQWHFHUFD(OVXSHUYLVRUKDEtDKDEODGR
FRQODOtGHUGHHVDYHUHGD\DXQTXHHOODOHKDEtDGLFKRTXHQRVH
FRPSURPHWtDDJXLDUQRVGHVSXpVGHODVFXDWURSRUTXHVHRVFXUHFtD
\KDEtDTXHSDVDUHOUtR\VHJXLUDFDEDOORSRUXQDKRUDPiVpOGHFLGLyDHVRGHODVFLQFR\WUHLQWDTXHLJXDOLUtDPRVDOSXQWRGHHQFXHQ-
27
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
WURFRQODOtGHU<RHVWDEDPROHVWDVLELHQHUDFLHUWRTXHODYHUHGDTXHGDEDPiVFHUFDGHO
SXQWRGRQGHHVWiEDPRVTXHODFDEHFHUDPXQLFLSDOPHSUHJXQWDEDVLYDOtDODSHQDDKRUUDU
WLHPSR\DUULHVJDUVHDOOHJDUWDQWDUGHDXQDYHUHGDTXHQRFRQRFtDPRV
3DVDPRVHOUtRHQPLQXWRVSHURWDQSURQWRQRVEDMDPRVHOSHUVRQDMHTXHQRV
SDVyVHIXHFRQVXFDQRD6XELPRVDOSXQWRGHHQFXHQWURGRQGHQRVHVSHUDUtDQFRQORV
FDEDOORVSHURHOOXJDUHVWDEDFRPSOHWDPHQWHVROR(OVXSHUYLVRUFRPHQ]yDOODPDUDOD
OtGHU\VRORGHVSXpVGHYDULRVLQWHQWRVSRUÀQHQWUyODOODPDGD(OODQRTXHUtDUHFRJHUQRV
SHURVHGHYROYLyMXQWRFRQVXFDSDWD]\ORVFDEDOORV«£QRQRVGHMDUtDQVRORV
3ULPHURVXELHURQORVHTXLSRVVRORIDOWiEDPRVHOVXSHUYLVRU\\R&XDQGRVXEtDO
FDEDOORTXH´VXSXHVWDPHQWHµHUDHOPiVPDQVLWRDODFRPRGDUPHVLQTXHUHUORSHOOL]TXp
/RV TXH PH YLHURQ HQ HVH PRPHQWR QR SRGtDQ FUHHU FyPR QR PH GHMH FDHU <R VROR
SHQVDEDHQPLGHVHRGHVHUPDGUH«\DWHQtDXQSRFRPiVGHDxRV\SRUFXHVWLRQHVGH
VDOXGQRORKDEtDVLGRD~Q-XDQLQWHQWyD\XGDUPHGLMRDOJRFRPR´WUDQTXLODLUpSRUWLµ
SHURDOPRPHQWRFD\yKDFLDXQODGRGHOFDEDOORHQHOTXHHVWDED0LFDEDOORHVWDEDFRPR
ORFRVHVDOLyGHOFDPLQR\VHPHWLySRUHOPRQWHSHQVpTXHVLPHFDtDPHSLVDUtDSRUOR
IXULRVRTXHVHHQFRQWUDED/HSHGtD-HV~VTXHPHVDOYDUDSHQVpHQPLDEXHOLWRTXHWDPELpQVHOODPDEDDVtDOSDVDUSRUXQODJXLWRFUHtTXHVHFDOPDUtDSHURORDWUDYHVyFRQIXULD
&XDQGRSDVyDOODGRGHXQiUEROUiSLGDPHQWHORDEUDFpSHURPHFDtSHJiQGRPHGXUtVLPR
\HOFDEDOORIUHQyHQVHFR
&UHRTXHPHGHVPD\pPHOHYDQWpDGRORULGD\DHUDGHQRFKHPLFHOXODUHVWDEDGHVFDUJDGR\QRVDEtDGyQGHHVWDED7HQtDPLHGRSRUTXHHQ/ODQR*UDQGHVHYHtDQODVFXOHEUDV\DGHPiVODPD\RUtDGHOD]RQDHUDFRQVLGHUDGDURMDSRUSUREOHPDVGHRUGHQS~EOLFR
(QXQPRPHQWRGHVHVSHUDGDJULWp£-HV~V&RQODVRUSUHVDGHTXHPHFRQWHVWDURQ
´DTXtHVWR\\DYR\SRUWLµ4XHGpDWyQLWD<VtHUD-HV~V«HOFDSDWD]0HHVWDEDEXVFDQGR\JUDFLDVDOFDPLQRGHWDQJDVGHVRGRUDQWH\RWUDVFRVDVTXHGHMpDODEULUVHPLPDOHWD
DGHPiVGHPLJULWRPHHQFRQWUy
0RMDGDFDQVDGD\JROSHDGDFXDQGRPHHQFRQWUpFRQ0LUH\DPHDEUD]y\FRPHQFpDOORUDUGHOLPSDFWR7HQtDPRVGRVRSFLRQHVLUDXQFHQWURGHVDOXGDOFXDOHUDGLItFLO
OOHJDUSRUTXHHVWDEDPX\OHMRVRLUDGHVFDQVDUDODÀQFDGHODOtGHU6LHVFRJtDORSULPHUR
REOLJDWRULDPHQWHWHQtDTXHLUDFDEDOOR\HQHVHPRPHQWRQRTXHUtDPRQWDUQLQJXQRDVt
TXHIXLPRVDODÀQFD
(OFDPLQRVHPHKL]RHWHUQRDSHVDUGHTXHHQWUH-XDQ\HOVXSHUYLVRUPHD\XGDURQ
DOOHJDU/XHJRTXHPHWUDQTXLOLFpPLUpHOFLHOR\HVWDEDOOHQLWRGHHVWUHOODV£HUDKHUPRVR
/DGXHxDGHODÀQFDVHSRUWyPX\ELHQFRQPLJRPHGLRXQDVSDVWDVSDUDHOGRORU\SXGH
GHVFDQVDU$ODPDxDQDVLJXLHQWHDOGHVSHUWDUDEUtODYHQWDQDHOSDLVDMHHUDLQFUHtEOHVH
YHtDQPXFKRVFDEDOORV\HVDLQPHQVDOODQXUD
(VDPDxDQDUHFRUGpWDQWDVH[SHULHQFLDVERQLWDVRWUDVQRWDQWRSHURHQÀQPRPHQWRV~QLFRVTXHPHKDGDGRHVWHWUDEDMR8QPHVGHVSXpVTXHGpHPEDUD]DGD\DGLYLQHQFRPRVHOODPDPLKLMR«6tVHOODPD-HV~V0LSDUHMDGLFHTXHHVHJROSHPHFXDGUy
ODPDWUL]MDMDMD
28
+
Algún día mi radio
será Philips
$XWRU+RIID
R\TXLVLHUDHPSH]DUPLKLVWRULDFRPRVLQRKXELHUDSDVDGR
HOWLHPSR0LFRVWXPEUHVLHPSUHDOOHYDQWDUPHHVODGHHQFHQGHU OD WHOHYLVLyQ SDUD HVWDU LQIRUPDGR (Q HO DxR HQ HO
3UR\HFWRGHOD (/&$ HQ HOFXDOSDUWLFLSpFRQRFt XQD YHUHGD HQ
SDUWLFXODU\WRGDYtDPiVFRQRFtDXQDSHUVRQDTXHUHFXHUGRSRUOR
TXHPHFRQWy
6DOLPRVHQFDUURFRQHOJUXSRDPLWDGGHDxRVLQRPHIDOOD
ODPHPRULDGHOPXQLFLSLR&KLQ~HQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH&yUGRED
KDFLDXQDYHUHGDDXQDKRUDGHFDPLQRDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHSRUXQD
FDUUHWHUDGHVWDSDGDODFXDOHQYH]GHWUDHUHVSHUDQ]DWUDtDGHVLOXVLyQFRPRGLUtDGRQ0LJXHOGH&HUYDQWHVHQVX4XLMRWH3DVDGDD
PLH[SHULHQFLDODKLVWRULDHPSH]DUtDDVtEn algún lugar de Chinú, de
cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme«OOHJDPRVDODYHUHGDDHQWUHYLVWDUD
XQDVIDPLOLDV\SUHJXQWDQGRPHHQFRQWUpFRQXQDVHxRUDGHXQRV
DxRVGHHGDGTXLHQSHUWHQHFtDDOKRJDUTXH\RWHQtDHQPLPXHVWUD(UDXQDVHxRUDPX\DJUDGDEOHGHHVDVTXHXQRQRVHFDQVDUtD
GHHVFXFKDUMXQWRDHOODVHHQFRQWUDEDVXPDULGRTXHWDPELpQURQGDEDORVDxRVVHQRWDEDQIHOLFHVSRUODYLVLWD(QXQULQFyQGHOD
YLYLHQGDFRPRVLQRSDVDUDHOWLHPSRKDEtDXQUDGLRHQPX\EXHQ
HVWDGRFROJDGRGHXQDSLWD
(OFDORUHUDLPSUHVLRQDQWHODFDVDQRWHQtDYHQWLODGRUHVTXH
UHIUHVFDUDQHOFOLPDWDQLQIHUQDOTXHVHVHQWtDVRODPHQWHQRVVHUYtD
GHVRPEUDXQWHFKRHQ]LQFTXHHQYH]GHUHIUHVFDUORTXHKDFtD
29
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
HUDDXPHQWDUHOFDORU$FRPSDxDGRVGHXQWLQWRTXHHOODKDEtDSUHSDUDGRHQOHxDSDUDVX
GHVD\XQRVXSRQJRPHKL]RXQDSUHJXQWD
²¢7~VDEtDVTXHDFiQRKD\HOHFWULFLGDG"«3RUHVRQRKD\DEDQLFRV<ROHGLMH
²/DYHUGDGQRORVDEtD¢SRUTXp"£&XpQWHPH
(OODPHGLMR²$FiYLQRXQSROtWLFRGHODUHJLyQ\SURPHWLyGHWRGR\QRVRWURVHV
GHFLUWRGDODYHUHGDOHGLPRVHOYRWRFRQODHVSHUDQ]DGHTXHWUDMHUDSURJUHVRDODJHQWH
GHDTXt\DQRVRWURVSRUVXSXHVWR(IHFWLYDPHQWHpOJDQy\ORSULPHURTXHKL]RIXHWUDHU
ODHQHUJtDHOpFWULFDDODYHUHGDSHURFRQWDQPDODVXHUWHTXHODWUDMR~QLFDPHQWHKDVWDOD
ÀQFDGHpOTXHHVWiVLWXDGDDQWHVGHQXHVWUDFDVD«GHVGHPLFDVDKDVWDGRQGHWHUPLQDOD
YHUHGDQRKD\HQHUJtDHOpFWULFDFRPRSXHGHYHU
<RFRQXQSRFRGHWULVWH]DOHSUHJXQWp²¢4XpKDFHQXVWHGHVSDUDQRDEXUULUVH"
(OODFRQDOHJUtDSHURDODYH]FRQXQVHQWLPLHQWRGHLUDTXHVHUHÁHMDEDHQVXPLUDGDSRU
ORTXHOHVKL]RHOSROtWLFRPHGLMR²¢9HVHVHUDGLRTXHHVWiDOOi"²&ODUROHGLMHHVWiPX\
ERQLWR\ELHQFXLGDGR(OODPHGLMR²(QHVHUDGLRHVFXFKRODWHOHYLVLyQ
6RUSUHQGLGROHGLMH²¢&yPRDVt"
(OODPHGLMRTXHHVHHUDXQUDGLRGHEDQGDFRUWD\TXHHVRVUDGLRVFRJHQODVHxDOGH
ODWHOHYLVLyQ0HFRQWyTXHHVFXFKDEDHOQRWLFLHURGH&DUDFRODOPHGLRGtDOXHJR´(O3UHFLRHV&RUUHFWRµ\TXHDYHFHVMXJDEDDJDQDUVRODPHQWHLPDJLQiQGRVHFRQVXHVSRVRORV
SUHPLRVTXHGHFtDQ\TXHKDVWDVHKDEtDHVFXFKDGRHOÀQDOGHODQRYHODGHO-RH$UUR\R«
3HURVLELHQKDFHUHVRHUDPX\UHODMDQWHHOODWHQtDXQDQRVWDOJLDHQRUPHSRUTXHQR
VDEtDFyPRHUDQHVDVSHUVRQDVTXHHVFXFKDEDHQVXUDGLRMXQWRDVXPDULGR7DPELpQPH
GLMRTXHRMDOiDOJ~QGtDSXGLHUDYHUORV\VDEHUVLHQUHDOLGDGHUDQFRPRHOODVHORVLPDJLQDEDRVLHUDQPX\GLVWLQWRVDODVLPiJHQHVTXHWHQtDHQVXPHQWH<RQRGLMHQDGDHQHO
PRPHQWRPHTXHGpFDOODGR\OXHJROHUHVSRQGt²6RQSHUVRQDVLJXDOHVDQRVRWURV(OOD
PHPLUy\PHGLMR²6LJDPRVFRQODHQWUHYLVWD
+R\GRVDxRVGHVSXpVODUHFXHUGRPiVTXHQXQFD\OHSLGRD'LRVTXHHOSUy[LPR
SROtWLFRGHWXUQROHVFRORTXHORTXHHODQWHULRUQXQFDOHVFXPSOLyODHQHUJtDHOpFWULFD
30
e
Presas en el extranjero
$XWRU&RUDO5XQFLH
ramos cinco mujeres las integrantes de un grupo con ruta al
VXU GHO SDtV GLVSXHVWDV D UHFRJHU XQD LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH VHUtD
SDUWHGHOHVWXGLRGHOD(16GH&RORPELD3URQWRHPSUHQGLPRVHOYLDMH7RGRHOJUXSRHUDMRYLDO/XHJRGHXQWLHPSROOHJDPRVDXQDSREODFLyQPX\FHUFDGHODIURQWHUDHFXDWRULDQDOODPDGD
&XPEDOGHFOLPDIUtR\PX\OOXYLRVR)XHDOOtGRQGHWUHVGHQRVRWUDVSODQHDPRVTXHSDUDHOSUy[LPRGHVFDQVRLUtDPRVDFRQRFHU
XQDSREODFLyQPX\PHQFLRQDGD\WXUtVWLFDSDVDQGRODIURQWHUDGH
(FXDGRU2WDYDOR
<DHQODIURQWHUDQRVGLULJLPRVDODVRÀFLQDVGHLQPLJUDFLyQ
SDUDYHULÀFDUORVSDSHOHVUHVSHFWLYRV\QRVUHVSRQGLHURQTXHWRGR
HVWDED HQ RUGHQ )XH XQ UHFRUULGR GH PiV R PHQRV FXDWUR KRUDV«´%LHQYHQLGRVD2WDYDORµXQSXHEORPX\FRORULGRGHWHPSHUDWXUDDJUDGDEOH\FRQSREODFLyQLQGtJHQDFDVLHQVXWRWDOLGDGSHUR
FXULRVDPHQWHPX\DFRPRGDGD1XHVWURVSULPHURVLQFRQYHQLHQWHV
~QLFDPHQWHFLUFXODEDQGyODUHV\HUDIHVWLYR$VtTXHQRSRGtDPRV
FDPELDUODPRQHGD/XHJRGHSUHJXQWDUGHXQODGRDRWURHQFRQWUDPRVXQDIRQGDSDLVD£4XLpQORGLUtDTXHQRIDOWHQ(QÀQKDEODPRVFRQQXHVWUDSDLVDQD\FRPSDWULRWDTXLHQPX\JHQWLOPHQWH
QRVVROXFLRQyHOSUREOHPDKRVSHGDMH\GLQHURSDUDFRPHUPLHQWUDV
DEUtDQODVFDVDVGHFDPELR
&RQRFLPRV PXFKRV OXJDUHV \ XQ JUXSR GH H[WUDQMHURV FRQ
TXLHQHVFRPSDUWLPRVSDVHRV\DOPXHU]RVHQOXJDUHVUHFRQRFLGRVGH
ODUHJLyQ(QÀQIXHPX\GLYHUWLGR«EXHQRUHDOPHQWHIXHJUDQGLRVR/OHJyHOGtDGHUHJUHVRDOWUDEDMR7HQtDPRVFLWDHOPDUWHVDODV
VLHWHGHODPDxDQDHQ,SLDOHV«FLWDDODTXHQXQFDSXGLPRVOOHJDU
31
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
1RVDFHUFiEDPRVD7XOFiQHUDQODVVHLVGHODPDxDQDFXDQGRGHWXYLHURQHOYHKtFXOR
HQHOTXHYLDMiEDPRVVROLFLWDURQSDSHOHV\QRVRWUDVLJXDOTXHWRGRVHQWUHJDPRVORVQXHVWURV«£&RORPELDQDVJULWyIXHUWHTXLHQORVUHYLVy\QRVGLHURQRUGHQGHEDMDUVRORDODV
WUHV4XLVLPRVH[SOLFDUSUHJXQWDUSHURQDGLHQRVHVFXFKyGHLQPHGLDWRQRVKLFLHURQVXELU
DXQDSDWUXOODGHLQPLJUDFLyQTXHQRVWUDVODGyDXQDVLQVWDODFLRQHVHQGRQGHFRQPXFKRV
JULWRVHLUUHVSHWRUHFRJLHURQQXHVWURVGDWRV6DQGUDPX\DQJXVWLDGDUHSHWtDVLQVHUWRPDGD
HQFXHQWD²£1RKHPRVKHFKRQDGDQXHVWURVSDSHOHVHVWiQELHQ£VRORYHQLPRVGHSDVHR
0D\UD\\RWUDWiEDPRVGHDYHULJXDUTXHHVWDEDSDVDQGRXQSRFRPiVWUDQTXLODV&UHtDPRV
TXHQDGDQRVSRGtDVXFHGHU\TXHWRGRVHWUDWDEDGHXQDFRQIXVLyQHVW~SLGDGHHOORV
²/HV IDOWD OD 7DUMHWD $QGLQD GLMHURQ 6ROLFLWiEDPRV HO ´GHUHFKRµ D XQD OODPDGD
SHURQXQFDVHGLR/XHJRIXLPRVREOLJDGDVDÀUPDUDOJXQRVGRFXPHQWRVGRQGHVHDÀUPDEDTXHItVLFDPHQWHQRQRVKDEtDQKHFKRGDxRSHURVLHPSUHEDMRJULWRV\KXPLOODFLRQHV«²£(VSHUHQHQHVWDRÀFLQDQRVGLMRXQJXDUGLD²¢3RUTXpQRVJULWD"OHVGLMR6DQGUD
DO]DQGRODYR]SHURpOFHUUyODSXHUWDLJQRUiQGROD«
(OWHPRUQRVLQYDGtDQRVOOHYDURQOXHJRSRUXQSDVLOORDWUDYHVDPRVXQSDWLRSUHJXQWDQGRPXFKDVFRVDVSHURQRQRVUHVSRQGtDQ²(QWUHJXHQWRGRGLMRHOJXDUGLD\QRV
TXLWDURQQXHVWUDVSHUWHQHQFLDVLQFOXLGRVORVFRUGRQHVGHORV]DSDWRV\ORVEUDVLHUHV1RV
KLFLHURQÀUPDUXQUHJLVWUR\OXHJRQRVFRQGXMHURQDXQDSXHUWDPHWiOLFDTXHWHQtDXQSHTXHxRFXDGURFRQUHMDVDODDOWXUDGHODFDUD£(UDXQFDODER]R$OOtQRVPHWLHURQDJXDQWDQGR
KDPEUHIUtR\WRUWXUDSVLFROyJLFDGXUDQWHFXDWURGtDV\WUHVQRFKHV6HJ~QHOORVQRHVWDEDQ
DXWRUL]DGRVSDUDGDUQRVFRPLGD7HQtDPRVTXHHVSHUDUDXQJXDUGLDTXHOOHJDEDHQODPDxDQDSDUDGDUOHDHVFRQGLGDVGLQHURPiVGHOQHFHVDULRSDUDTXHQRVFRPSUDUDXQDJXDGH
SDQHODFDOLHQWH\XQSDQDFDGDXQD<FRQHVRKDVWDHOGtDVLJXLHQWH«6RORKDVWDHO~OWLPR
GtDORJUDPRVTXHHOPLVPRJXDUGLDOODPDUDDODVXSHUYLVRUDHQ&RORPELD\OHFRPHQWDUDOD
VLWXDFLyQ(OODOOHJyFRQDOJXQRVDOLPHQWRV6HLQLFLDURQJHVWLRQHVSDUDVHUOLEHUDGDV\KXER
TXHSDJDUGLQHUR\DERJDGR(QODVQRFKHVORVJXDUGLDVJROSHDEDQFLOLQGURVFDGDPLQXWRV
SDUDHYLWDUTXHORVSUHVRVGXUPLHUDQ6LHPSUHKDEtDLQVXOWRVFRQWUDORVFRORPELDQRV7RGR
HOWLHPSRHVWXYLPRVPX\XQLGDV\GiQGRQRViQLPRSHURKXERPRPHQWRVGXURV\GHWHPRU
SRUQXHVWUDVSURSLDVYLGDVGHELGRDFRVDVTXHHVFXFKDPRVWUDVODVSDUHGHV
(OGtDGHODDXGLHQFLDÀQDOIXLPRVHVFROWDGDVSRUXQRVRFKRRQXHYHJXDUGLDVTXH
QRVOOHYDURQKDFLDHOMX]JDGRIXHXQDWUDYHVtDGHDOJRPiVGHWUHVFXDGUDVFDPLQDQGRHQODV
TXHWRGRWUDQVH~QWHTXHSDVDEDQRVREVHUYDED\GHMDEDQHVFXFKDUHQEDMDYR]HOFRPHQWDULR´VRQFRORPELDQDVµ)XHKXPLOODQWHVHQWLUQRVMX]JDGDVVLQKDEHUKHFKRQDGDPDOR
)LQDOPHQWHFDVLDOPHGLRGtDGHOFXDUWRGtDSRUÀQXQDYR]TXHGHFtD´0LOHQD
0D\UD \ 6DQGUD TXHGDQ OLEUHVµ 1RV GLULJLPRV GH UHJUHVR D &RORPELD QRV KDEtDPRV
EDMDGRFDGDXQDFDVLFLQFRNLORVGHSHVR«1RVDEUD]DPRV\SRUÀQOORUDPRVIHOLFHVGH
HVWDUVDQDV\VDOYDV
¢<TXpGLMR<H]LGGHWRGRHVWR"$OJXLHQSUHJXQWy£$KVtTXHHVWDVVRQODVKLVWRULDV
SDUDORVQLHWRVDOJ~QGtD<DEUD]DGDVWRGDVUHtPRV
32
7
Amistades peligrosas
$XWRU/RNR3DSHOLWR
odo inicia con el desplazamiento por tierra desde la ciudad de
%RJRWiDOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH1DULxRDSUR[LPiQGRVHODVIHVWLYLGDGHVGHOD6HPDQD6DQWD'HELGRDOUHJXODUHVWDGRGHQXHVWUDV
YtDVODVLWXDFLyQGHRUGHQS~EOLFR\ORVLQQXPHUDEOHVUHWHQHVGHOD
SROLFtDHOHMpUFLWR\RWURVTXHQRVHVDEHGHTXLpQHVVRQQLHVFRQYHQLHQWHSUHJXQWDUHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVHWRPyXQSRFRPiVGHOR
HVSHUDGRKRUDVSDUDVHUPiVH[DFWRVSDUDOOHJDUDOSULPHUSXQWR
GHGHVWLQR3DVRVHJXLGRFRUUHVSRQGtDXELFDUODUXWDTXHPHOOHYDUD
GH3DVWRD6DQWD&UX]PXQLFLSLRTXHQDGLHFRQRFHFRQHVHQRPEUHSHURTXHJUDFLDVDQXHVWURWUDEDMRHQGRQGHGHEHPRVLQGDJDU
HLQGDJDUGHVFRQÀDU\YROYHUDFRUURERUDU\JUDFLDVDODSR\RGHOD
LQIDOWDEOH LQWHUQHWVHORJUy GHWHUPLQDU TXHGLFKR PXQLFLSLR WLHQH
FRPRQRPEUH6DQWD&UX]GH*XDFKDYp]£$DDKHVRVtPHGLFH
XQRGHORVSHUVRQDMHVDORVTXH\DKDEtDSUHJXQWDGR6tSDUDDOOt
VRORVDOHHOEXVGHODVFXDWURGHODWDUGHSHURSUHJXQWHHQODWDTXLOOD
VHLVSRUHOEXVTXHYDD*XDFKDYp]DVtHVPiVIiFLO«(IHFWLYDPHQWHGHVSXpVGHKDEHUHVSHUDGRRWUDVFXDWURKRUDVHQODWHUPLQDOHQ
PHGLR GH LQQXPHUDEOHV ´¢3DUD GyQGH YD MHIH"µ OOHJy OD KRUD GH
DERUGDUHODQKHODGRWUDQVSRUWH(OUHFRUULGRVHGHVDUUROODGHIRUPD
QRUPDOSRUFDUUHWHUDVGHVWDSDGDV\DODEULJRGHEXOWRVFRQPHUFDGR
\XQDTXHRWUDJDOOLQD0LFRPSDxHURGHVLOODXQVHxRUGHHGDGGH
PHMLOODVURVDGDVFDEHOORFDQR\UXDQDPHSUHJXQWDVLDOJXQDYH]KDEtDHVWDGRSRUDOOtDORFXDOUHVSRQGRTXHQRTXHHVODSULPHUDYH]
TXH\RSDVRSRUHVWRVODGRV/XHJROHSUHJXQWRDPLFRPSDxHURVL
HQHOSXHEORKD\SRVLELOLGDGGHKRVSHGDMHDORFXDOPHPDQLÀHVWD
TXHVRORKD\XQOXJDUHQGRQGHSRGUtDFRQVHJXLUDORMDPLHQWRSHUR
33
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
TXHHVPX\GLItFLOSRUODKRUDHQTXHOOHJDUtDPRVSXHVQRHVPX\IUHFXHQWHODOOHJDGDGH
WXULVWDV8QDYH]DUULEDPRVDOPXQLFLSLRHQFRQWUDPRVTXHWRGRHOFRPHUFLRHVWDEDFHUUDGRSXHVHOIUtRREOLJDDOFLHUUHWHPSUDQRHQOD]RQD'HVSXpVGHKDEHUUHFRUULGRYDULRV
ORFDOHVGHOSXHEORHQEXVFDGHDOLPHQWRHQFRPSDxtDGHPLQXHYRDPLJRHQFRQWUDPRV
XQJUDQHURHQGRQGHVRORKD\XQDVEROVDVGHSDQQRPX\IUHVFRDGHFLUYHUGDGXQRV
EXOWRVGHPDt]\FDQDVWDVGHFHUYH]DFRQPRVFDVDOUHGHGRU&RPSUDPRVGRVEROVDVGH
SDQ\GRQ0DUFRVGLFHTXHFRQHVRGHEHPRVSDVDUODQRFKHTXHHQVXFDVDDXQTXHQRHV
PX\FyPRGDQRVSRGHPRVDFRPRGDU$OOtDFRPSDxDPRVHOSDQGXURFRQXQFDIpQHJUR
\FRQSRFRD]~FDUSXHV´HOPHUFDGRHVWiHVFDVRSRUHVWRVGtDVµPDQLIHVWyHODQÀWULyQ
/DKDELWDFLyQVHWRUQDDEULJDGDJUDFLDVDXQWHFKRDKXPDGRSRUXQIRJyQGHOHxDTXHVH
FRQVHUYDHQFHQGLGRHQHOHVSDFLRFRQWLJXRODFDPDHVGXUD\WLHQHXQRORUSDUWLFXODUSHUR
HVPiVIXHUWHHOFDQVDQFLR\WHUPLQRSDVDQGRXQDQRFKHDJUDGDEOH
3RUODVÀHVWDVGH6HPDQD6DQWDHQOD]RQDODVHQWLGDGHVS~EOLFDVGHFLGLHURQFRPSHQVDU WLHPSR D ÀQ GH GHGLFDU WRGD OD VHPDQD D ODV DFWLYLGDGHV UHOLJLRVDV DVt VH ORJUD
DGHODQWDUSDUWHGHOWUDEDMRLQLFLDOPHQWHSODQHDGR'HVSXpVGHXQDVHULHGHLPSDVHVOOHJy
ODKRUDGHWUDVODGDUPHGHPXQLFLSLR\HVFXDQGRLQLFLDODDYHQWXUD«HOWUDVODGROOHYyPiV
GHKRUDV$OOOHJDUDOSXQWRGHGHVYtRGHODYtD3DVWR&DOLDODDOWXUDGHOPXQLFLSLRGH
5RVDV&DXFDOXJDUGRQGHGHEtDWRPDUHOWUDQVSRUWHTXHPHOOHYDUtDDOPXQLFLSLRGH/D
9HJDSUHJXQWpHQXQLPSURYLVDGRWDOOHUGHRUQDPHQWDFLyQKDVWDTXpKRUDSDVDEDODUXWD
TXHQHFHVLWDEDDORFXDOXQKRPEUHDOWRPRUHQRGHFRQWH[WXUDJUXHVD\HOURVWURTXHPDGRSRUHOVROPHPDQLÀHVWDTXHODUXWDSDVDFDGDKRUDDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHSHURTXHKDEtD
SDVDGRKDFtDPX\SRFRWLHPSR$FWRVHJXLGRPHSUHJXQWDVLQGHMDUGHYHUPHGHDUULED
DEDMRDTXpWHQtDTXHLUD/D9HJD\PiVHQXQGtDFRPRHOPLpUFROHV6DQWR'HVSXpVGH
KDEHUOHH[SOLFDGRGHIRUPDFODUDPLPLVLyQPHGLFHTXHHVPHMRUTXHQRYD\DSRUOR
PHQRVHVHGtD\DTXHPHVHUtDLPSRVLEOHKDFHUFRQWDFWRFRQODVDXWRULGDGHVPXQLFLSDOHV
SRUTXHODKRUDQRPHORSHUPLWLUtDWDPELpQPHUHFRPLHQGDTXHYD\DHQGtDVKiELOHV\
TXHQRSHUPDQH]FDHQOD]RQDSRUPXFKRWLHPSR\DTXHQRHVVHFUHWRTXHHVXQD]RQD
URMD$QWHGLFKDLQVLQXDFLyQSUHJXQWpHQXQUHWpQGHOD3ROLFtDTXHHVWDEDDRULOODVGHOD
FDUUHWHUD\PHKLFLHURQODPLVPDUHFRPHQGDFLyQHQWRQFHVPHWUDVODGpDODFLXGDGGH3RSD\iQHQGRQGHSRUODVIHFKDVIXHLPSRVLEOHHQFRQWUDUKRVSHGDMHDSUHFLRPHGLDQDPHQWH
UD]RQDEOHHQWRQFHVGHEtWRPDUXQWUDQVSRUWHDODFLXGDGGH&DOL\DOOtSDVDUODQRFKH
(OGtD-XHYHV6DQWRUHFLEtXQDOODPDGDGHTXLHQSDUDHOPRPHQWRHUDPLVXSHUYLVRU\
PHPDQLIHVWyTXHOD´RUGHQµHUDSHUPDQHFHUHQHOPXQLFLSLRVLJXLHQWHHQODUXWDSRU
ORTXHGHEtDGHYROYHUPHDODPD\RUEUHYHGDGSRVLEOH'HVSXpVGHGDUPLVUD]RQHVSDUD
QRKDEHUORKHFKRVXDUJXPHQWRIXH´dónde manda capitán«µ6LQSHQVDUHQFRQVHFXHQFLDV
PHGHYROYtSRUODPLVPDUXWDDOGHVYtRHQ5RVDV²&DXFD\DOOOHJDUDOOtHO9LHUQHV6DQWR
PiVRPHQRVDODVRQFHGHODPDxDQDHQFRQWUpTXHHOWDOOHUGHRUQDPHQWDFLyQHVWDED
DELHUWR\HOPLVPRKRPEUHWUDEDMDQGRHQODPLVPDUHMDGHOPLpUFROHVDQWHULRU$OYHUPH
GLMR²¢8VWHGRWUDYH]SRUDTXt"/HGLPLVUD]RQHVSDUDKDEHUWHQLGRTXHYROYHUQRPH
UHVSRQGLy \ VLJXLy WUDEDMDQGR VLQ GHMDU GH REVHUYDUPH OR FXDO PH LQFRPRGy \ UHVROYt
34
Amistades peligrosas
HVSHUDUODUXWDXQSRFRPiVDGHODQWHGRQGHQRPHSXGLHUDYHUHVWDQGRDOOtSDVyXQD
PRWRFRQGRVSHUVRQDV\VHTXHGDURQYLpQGRPHKDVWDTXHVHSHUGLHURQHQXQDGHODVFXUYDVGHODYtD5DWRGHVSXpVUHJUHVyODPLVPDPRWRSHURHVWDYH]FRQXQRGHORVKRPEUHV
EDMyODYHORFLGDGSDUy\PHSUHJXQWy²¢3DUDGyQGHYD"/HUHVSRQGtTXHKDVWD/D9HJD
\PHSUHJXQWyTXpHVWDEDKDFLHQGRSRUHVRVODGRVFXDQGROHHVWDEDH[SOLFDQGRVDOLyGH
HQWUHODPDOH]DHORWURKRPEUHTXHKDEtDSDVDGRFRQpOPRPHQWRVDQWHVVHQWtTXHHQWUH
ORVGRVPHLQWHQWDUtDQUREDU\VHORPDQLIHVWp²¢4XpSDVDKHUPDQRHVTXHPHYDQD
WXPEDU"²1RQRVHSRQJDDVtUHVSRQGLyHOKRPEUHGHODPRWRVRORTXHUHPRVKDEODU
FRQXVWHGHKLFLHURQVHxDGHTXHUHUVDFDUXQDUPDGHODFLQWXUDOHVSUHJXQWpTXpHUDOR
TXHSDVDEDTXH\RVRODPHQWHQHFHVLWDEDKDFHUXQWUDEDMRTXHHVRHUDWRGR(QWRQFHVPH
LQGLFDURQTXHPHPRYLHUDKDVWDXQDWLHQGDFHUFDQDPiVRPHQRVDPHWURVDGHODQWH
GHGRQGHHVWiEDPRVIXLPRVDOOtPHVROLFLWDURQHOFDUQpGHLGHQWLÀFDFLyQHOFHOXODU\TXH
OHVGHMDUDYHUHOLQWHULRUGHODPDOHWD(OKRPEUHTXHKDEtDOOHJDGRHQODPRWRVHSUHVHQWyFRPRLQWHJUDQWHGHXQIUHQWHGHODV)$5&DJUHJDQGRTXHQRPHSDVDUtDQDGDTXH
~QLFDPHQWHTXHUtDQFRQÀUPDUXQDLQIRUPDFLyQSRUTXH\DPHKDEtDQYLVWRDQWHVSRUOD
]RQDPHKDEtDQUHFRPHQGDGRQRYROYHUKDVWDWDQWRQRVHQRUPDOL]DUDQODVDFWLYLGDGHV
HQODVRÀFLQDVGHOPXQLFLSLR\QRKDEtDDWHQGLGRODUHFRPHQGDFLyQ(QWUHJXpPLFHOXODU
DORWURSHUVRQDMHTXLHQPHSLGLyGHVEORTXHDUODSDQWDOODFRQÀQGHGDUOHXQDPLUDGDOR
GHVEORTXHp\ORHQWUHJXpQXHYDPHQWHHOKRPEUHVDOLyGHODWLHQGD\QRKHYXHOWRDYHU
PLWHOpIRQRFHOXODU(ORWURSHUVRQDMHPHSLGLyQXHYDPHQWHHOFDUQp\VHORHQWUHJXp(Q
HVHPRPHQWROOHJyXQDPXMHUMRYHQFRQTXLHQGHEtDTXHGDUPHPLHQWUDVpOFRWHMDEDXQD
VHULHGHGDWRVVDOLyGHODWLHQGD\PHPLUyQXHYDPHQWHGHDUULEDDEDMR\PHGLMR²)UHVFR
FKLQRHVUXWLQD¢9HUGDGGRQ0DQXHO"OHGLMRDOWHQGHURTXLHQVRORDVLQWLyFRQODFDEH]D
/XHJRDJUHJy²0iVELHQWRPH3RQ\0DOWD\PHHVSHUD\RQRPHGHPRUR/DPXMHUTXH
VHTXHGyFRQPLJRPHUHDOL]yHOPLVPRLQWHUURJDWRULRFRPRVLVHWUDWDUDGHXQOLEUHWR
DSUHQGLGRSRUORVGRVSDVDURQFDVLFXDWURKRUDVGHVGHHOPRPHQWRTXHDTXHOKRPEUH
VDOLyGHODWLHQGD\FDVLVHLVGHVGHTXHPHORVHQFRQWUpHQODFDUUHWHUD)LQDOPHQWHUHJUHVy
PHHQWUHJyPLFDUQp\PHSUHJXQWy²¢(QTXpSDUWHGH%RJRWiYLYHXVWHG"/HUHVSRQGt
TXH\RQROHKDEtDGLFKRTXHYLYtDHQ%RJRWi\PHGLMR²SHURYLYHHQ%RJRWi¢QR"/HGLMH
TXHVtTXHDOVXURULHQWHGHODFLXGDGPHPLUyGHQXHYRGHDUULEDDEDMR\PHGLMR²SRU
ORPHQRVQRGLFHPHQWLUDV\DVHSXHGHLU²¢<PLFHOXODU"SUHJXQWp²¢1RORKDWUDtGR
HOFRPSDxHUR"LQGLFy/HGLMH£1RDORTXHUHVSRQGLy²GpMHORFRPRXQDFRQWULEXFLyQD
ODFDXVD\VLTXLHUHYROYHUTXHVHDGHVSXpVGHOOXQHV\DODSUy[LPDKDJDFDVR«£$PLJR
35
36
A
Pata e’ Plomo
Autor: Ravnos
SULQFLSLRVGHODxRGHVSXpVGHSDVDUHQ&~FXWD\9LOODGHO
5RVDULRXQRVGtDVEDVWDQWHGLItFLOHVSRUFXHVWLRQHVGHSULQFLSLDQWHVODUXWDDVLJQDGDQRVGLULJLyKDFLD3XHUWR:LOFKHVXQDSREODFLyQPiJLFDGH6DQWDQGHUTXHYLYHGHODSDOPDGHDFHLWH\HV
EDxDGDSRUXQRGHORVSXQWRVPiVDPSOLRVGHOUtR0DJGDOHQD(V
WLHUUDGHSHVFDGRUHVKXPLOGHV\VHUYLFLDOHV
'HVGH3XHUWR:LOFKHVWXYLPRVTXHLUDWUDEDMDUDXQDYHUHGD
OODPDGD6LWLR1XHYRTXHTXHGDEDDXQSDUGHKRUDVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHUtRDEDMRHQFKDOXSD6XQRPEUHVHGHEtDDXQDUHXELFDFLyQ
SRUXQDLQXQGDFLyQHQVXDQWHULRUKiELWDW(QFRQWUDPRVXQDDOGHD
FRQIRUPDGDSRUDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHFDVDV\HQWUHGRV\WUHVDSHOOLGRV(VXQD]RQDEDVWDQWHVHOYiWLFDWDQWRTXHVHVHQWtDHOUHVSHWR
TXHKDEtDTXHWHQHUSRUHOHFRVLVWHPDFRPRVLHPSUHGHEHUtDVHU
VXV KDELWDQWHV YLYHQ HQWUH SDWRV VLOYHVWUHV OLEUHV FHUGRV VDOYDMHV
FRFRGULORVHQORVSHTXHxRV\FHUFDQRVPDQJODUHVWRGDVODVFODVHV
KDELGDV\SRUKDEHUGHDYHVHLQVHFWRVLQFOXVRDEHMDVHQFDQWLGDGHV
FRPRQXQFDODVKDEtDYLVWRGDGDVXFUXHO\DFWXDOH[WLQFLyQ5HDOPHQWHHVWDEDIDVFLQDGRFRQHVHJUDQKiELWDW3RVWHULRUPHQWHQRV
DWHQGLHURQVXVOtGHUHVFRPXQLWDULRVTXLHQHVQRVUHFLELHURQFRQORV
EUD]RVDELHUWRV\XQDDFRJLGDH[FHOHQWH
(VHGtDDSDUWHGHDGPLUDUODEHOOH]DTXHQRVURGHDEDGHEtDPRVFXPSOLUFRQQXHVWURGHEHU\HPSH]DPRVDWUDEDMDUHQQXHVWUR
SUR\HFWR (Q YHUGDG UHVXOWDPRV WUDEDMDQGR KDVWD ODV QXHYH GH OD
QRFKHSRUODVFRQGLFLRQHV\HOWLHPSRTXHVLHPSUHQRVFRPSLWH
'HVSXpVGHHVRODOtGHUFRPXQLWDULDTXHQRVGLRSRVDGDHQVXFDVD
QRVUHODWyXQDJUDQGLRVDKLVWRULDDQWHVGHLUDGRUPLU
37
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
´3DWDH·3ORPRµDVtOODPDEDQDXQMDJXDUTXHPHURGHDEDOD]RQD\FD]DEDHOJDQDGR´3DWDH·3ORPRµYLYtDDORWURODGRGHOUtRDYHFHVORYHtDQFUX]iQGRORRQDGDQGR
LQFOXVR ORV GHPiV SUHVHQWHV KDEODEDQ VREUH VXV DWDTXHV D HOORV PLVPRV 0H FRQWDURQ
VREUHORVKHULGRV\VREUHXQDWDTXHGHRWURVMDJXDUHV+XERXQRTXHWHUPLQyHQWUDJHGLD
SRUTXHWXYLHURQTXHVDFULÀFDUORKDFLDDOJXQRVDxRVSHURD´3DWDH·3ORPRµQReOHUDHO
PiVDXGD]\PX\SRFRVORKDEtDQYLVWRTXLHQUHFLELyXQDWDTXHGHpOOHFRORFyHVHQRPEUH
SRUODIXHU]D\SRWHQFLDTXHWHQtDVXJDUUD(VWHVXSHUYLYLHQWHHUDXQKpURHORFDODGHPiV
GHODVFLFDWULFHVTXHOHGHMyHQVXFXHUSRVLHPSUHLEDDUPDGRDSHVFDU\DFXOWLYDU«DO
SDUHFHUVHOHHVWDEDDQWRMDQGRORTXHYHtDDOIUHQWHPXFKRPiVIiFLOGHFD]DUXQJUDQ
DOLPHQWRVLQWDQWRHVIXHU]RVHJXUDPHQWHVLHOKRPEUHQRPHURGHDUDVXWHUULWRULRQRVHUtD
WDQSHOLJURVRQRVHVHQWLUtDLQYDGLGR
'HKHFKRTXHGpIDVFLQDGRFRQODKLVWRULDHVWDEDHQXQOXJDUPiJLFRGRQGHODIRUPDGHYHUODYLGDHUDGLIHUHQWHVLQWDQWDLQÁXHQFLDGHOH[WHULRUGRQGHHOKRPEUHFRQYLYH
FRQODQDWXUDOH]DGHXQDPDQHUDPiVUXGLPHQWDULDPiVQDWXUDOPiVUHDO6HUtDJUDQGLRVR
SRGHUREVHUYDUGLUHFWDPHQWHDOJUDQMDJXDUHQVXKiELWDWGRQGHpOHVSRGHURVRGRQGHOD
QDWXUDOH]DSULPDVREUHHOKRPEUHGRQGHWHUPLQDV\pQGRWHDGRUPLUFRQXQDJUDQGLRVD
KLVWRULDUHODWDGDSRUVXVVREUHYLYLHQWHV
&RQPLFRPSDxHUDDWUDYpVGHODPLUDGDGHVFLIUDPRVTXHKDEtDPRVWUDEDMDGRKDVWD
DOWDVKRUDVGHODQRFKHVLQQLQJXQDUHVWULFFLyQ«
/XHJR GH WRGR PL DQiOLVLV \ WUDQTXLOLGDG HPRFLRQDO FRQFLOLp HO VXHxR \D TXH DO
VLJXLHQWHGtDHVWDUtDPRVPX\ODERULRVRV3DVyODQRFKH\DORWURGtDFXDQGRQRVSUHSDUiEDPRVSDUDWUDEDMDUQRVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQODJUDQVRUSUHVDGHTXH´3DWDH·3ORPRµ£KDEtD
DSDUHFLGR'HVSXpVGHXQEXHQWLHPSRTXHOOHYDEDSHUGLGRVLQTXHVHWXYLHUDQRWLFLDV
GHpOFD]yXQSHUURGHORVTXHPHURGHDEDODDOGHDHQODHQWUDGDGHOKRJDUHQHOTXHSDVDPRVODQRFKH(VWULVWHSHURFD\yHQODFDGHQDDOLPHQWLFLD
7RGRORTXHSDUHFtDXQPLWRUHVXOWyWRGDXQDUHDOLGDG+DFLHQGRQXHVWURWUDEDMR
HVWXYLPRVDVXPHUFHGJUDQGLRVRVDEHUGHVXH[LVWHQFLDTXHHUDWRGDXQDUHDOLGDG\DOD
YH]PDJQtÀFDODLPSRUWDQFLD\HOULHVJRTXHFRQOOHYDQXHVWURTXHKDFHUGHORYDOLRVRVTXH
VRPRV\GHODVVDWLVIDFFLRQHVTXHVHREWLHQHQDOFRQRFHUJUDQGHVSHUVRQDVJUDQGHVKLVWRULDV\VREUHWRGDVODVFRVDVYLYLUHQFDUQHSURSLDHVHIDFWRUVRFLDOGHHVWHJUDQGLRVRSDtV
TXHVLQRVHUHFRUUHQRVHFRQRFHHVQXHVWUDSURSLDLGHQWLGDG£(VRVtTXHQRWLHQHSUHFLR
$JUDGHFLPLHQWRSRUQRKDEHUVLGRDWDFDGRIUXVWUDFLyQSRUQRKDEHUORFRQRFLGR«
7RGRXQPLVWHULR«
38
Autor: Viajero Perdido
Despinchado por las FARC
E
VWDKLVWRULDFRPLHQ]DHOGHDEULOGH\WUDWDVREUHODV
H[SHULHQFLDVYLYLGDVFXDQGRSDUWLFLSpHQHOSUR\HFWR$5'
0LQDVSDUDORFXDOYLDMpD6DPDQLHJRHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH1DULxR$ODVRFKR\PHGLDGHODPDxDQDPHHQFRQWUDEDHQUHXQLyQ
FRQHOSHUVRQHURFRQHOÀQGHKDFHUXQDDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHOOLVWDGR
GHYtFWLPDVGHPLQDVDQWLSHUVRQDOFXDQGRUHFLELPRVODYLVLWDGHO
HMpUFLWRSLGLHQGRTXHVHHYDFXDUDHOOXJDULQPHGLDWDPHQWH$OIUHQWHGHODRÀFLQDGHODSHUVRQHUtDVHHQFRQWUDEDXQDEROVDQHJUDTXH
SUHVXQWDPHQWHHUDXQDUWHIDFWRH[SORVLYR(OSiQLFRVHDSRGHUyGH
WRGRV«ODPD\RUtDGHODVSHUVRQDVVHGHVSOD]DURQKDVWDHOSDUTXH
El personero me llevó a la alcaldía para continuar con la actualización del listado con el presidente de una asociación de víctimas
GH PLQDV DQWLSHUVRQDO OODPDGR 3RUÀULR (Q ODV KRUDV GH OD WDUGH
QRVLQIRUPDURQTXHVHWUDWDEDGHXQDIDOVDDODUPD+DEtDVLGRXQD
YtFWLPDTXHVHHQFRQWUDEDGHVFRQWHQWDSRUHOWUDWRUHFLELGRHQOD
SHUVRQHUtDTXLHQGHFLGLyFRORFDUHVDEROVDQHJUDTXHFRQWHQtDFDMDV
OOHQDVGHSLHGUDV«
8QDVHPDQDGHVSXpVGHYLYLUHVDH[SHULHQFLDPHGHVSODFpKDFtD OD YHUHGD %XHQDYLVWD XELFDGD D FXDWUR KRUDV GHO PXQLFLSLR GH
6DPDQLHJR$HVRGHODVGHODPDxDQDVHSLQFKyXQDGHODVOODQWDV
GH OD PRWR TXH PH WUDQVSRUWDED (VWiEDPRV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH D
WUHVKRUDVGHOOXJDUPiVFHUFDQR\QRKDEtDVHxDOHQORVFHOXODUHVHQWRQFHVHPSH]DPRVDFDPLQDU\GHVSXpVGHPLQXWRVQRVDOFDQ]y
XQFDUURGHOFXDOVHEDMDURQFXDWURSHUVRQDVQRVSUHJXQWDURQTXp
KDFtDPRVSRUHVRVODGRV\QRVSLGLHURQODFpGXOD(OVHxRUÐVFDU
TXHHUDODSHUVRQDTXHPHWUDQVSRUWDEDOHVGLMRTXHtEDPRVSDUD
39
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
ODPLVDTXHLEDDRIUHFHUHOSiUURFRGHOPXQLFLSLRYHFLQRGH6RWRPD\RU6HVXELHURQQXHYDPHQWHDOFDUUR\QRVRIUHFLHURQVXD\XGDGXUDQWHHOFDPLQRQRVSDVDEDQDLUHDODOODQWD
SLQFKDGDKDVWDTXHOOHJDPRVDXQWDOOHUGRQGHSRGUtDQDUUHJODUOD<RQRWpXQFDPELRHQHO
VHPEODQWHGHOVHxRUÐVFDUQRKDEODED\VHYHtDQHUYLRVR(VDVSHUVRQDVQRVGHMDURQHQHO
WDOOHU\DQWHVGHLUVHQRVGLMHURQTXHQRSDViUDPRVSRUHVRVOXJDUHVGHVSXpVGHODVFXDWURGH
ODWDUGHSRUTXHLEDDHVWDUPLQDGR(O6HxRUÐVFDUPHSUHJXQWyVLGHEtDPRVKDFHUGHWRGDV
PDQHUDVODVHQWUHYLVWDVTXHWHQtDSURJUDPDGDVSRUTXHHOORVHUDQJXHUULOOHURVGHOIUHQWH
GHODV)$5&\TXHORPiVVHJXURHVTXHVHGLULJtDQKDFLDODPLVPDYHUHGDTXHQRVRWURV«
LQPHGLDWDPHQWHFDQFHOpODVFLWDV\UHJUHVDPRVDOFDVFRXUEDQR
/DWHUFHUDH[SHULHQFLDIXHODTXHYLYtDOPRPHQWRGHYLVLWDUDFDGDXQDGHODVYtFWLPDVGHPLQDVGH6DPDQLHJR(QFRQWUpFDVRVGHSHUVRQDVTXHKDEtDQSHUGLGRDOJXQDGH
VXVH[WUHPLGDGHVODYLVLyQRWHQtDQPDUFDVHQVXVFXHUSRVSRUODVHVTXLUODV3HURGHWRGRV
HVRVFDVRVHOTXHPiVPHLPSDFWyIXHHOGHOVHxRU-RUJH(OtDVTXLHQSHUGLyODYLVLyQ\DO
SRFRWLHPSRGHVXIULUHODFFLGHQWHURGDEDQXHYDPHQWHSRUHOOXJDUHQEXVFDGHRWUDPLQD
TXHOHTXLWDUDODYLGDeOPHGHFtDTXHDSDUWHGHVXIDPLOLDVXDPLJRLQVHSDUDEOHHVHO
UDGLR(VLQFUHtEOHODDOHJUtDTXHUHÁHMDGRVDxRVGHVSXpVGHODFFLGHQWHHPSH]yDWUDEDMDU
QXHYDPHQWHHQVXVWLHUUDVVLHPEUDVXVFXOWLYRVFRPRVLWXYLHVHVXYLVWDLQWDFWDHQWUHULVDV
PHGHFtDTXHVXEDVWyQHVODKLMDPHQRUHQTXLHQVHDSR\DDGLDULRDJDUUiQGRVHGHVXV
KRPEURVSDUDVHUJXLDGRGHVGHVXFDVDKDVWDODÀQFD)XHURQWDQHVSHFLDOHVODVKLVWRULDV
TXHHVFXFKpGHFDGDXQRGHHOORVTXHQRDOFDQ]DUtDDFRQWDUORHQHVWDFUyQLFD(OGLDULR(O
3DtVGH&DOLOHVKL]RXQUHSRUWDMHDDOJXQDVGHODVYtFWLPDVTXHHQWUHYLVWp\HVHUHSRUWDMH
VHHQFXHQWUDHQHOVLJXLHQWHHQODFHKWWSZZZHOSDLVFRPFRHOSDLVMXGLFLDOQRWLFLDV
UHODWRVYLFWLPDVVDPDQLHJRPXQLFLSLRD]RWDGRSRUPLQDVDQWLSHUVRQD
40
D
El mejor regalo
de cumpleaños
Autor: Atenea
HOFDVFRXUEDQRGHOPXQLFLSLRGH&DxDVJRUGDVHQ$QWLRTXLD
VDOLPRVHOGHMXQLRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDODVFLQFR
GHODPDxDQDSDUDODYHUHGD/D/HMDQD(VHGtDHUDPLFXPSOHDxRV
\HUDODSULPHUDYH]TXHQRHVWDEDMXQWRDPLIDPLOLDTXHWDQWRH[WUDxDED$SHVDUGHTXHQRHVWXYHFRQHOORVIXHXQGtDGHPXFKDV
H[SHULHQFLDVFRQPLVFRPSDxHURV\FRQODVSHUVRQDVTXHYLVLWDPRV
TXLHQHVVHFRQYLUWLHURQHQHOPHMRUUHJDORTXH'LRVPHSXGRGDU
(VHGtDVXSHTXHHUDEHQGHFLGDSRUHVWDUHQHVHOXJDU
&DPLQR DODYHUHGD/D/HMDQDWRGRVJXDUGiEDPRV VLOHQFLR
HQHOFDUUR\RSHQVDEDHQTXHHVWDEDOHMRVGHORVPtRV\PHSUHJXQWDEDFyPRKDEUtDVLGRHVWHGtDDOODGRGHHOORV5HFLEtODOODPDGD
GHPLKLMRGHVHiQGRPHXQIHOL]FXPSOHDxRVOOHQRGHDOHJUtD\EHQGLFLRQHVHVRPHDOHJUyODPDxDQD5HFRUULPRVFDVLGRVKRUDVHQ
FDUURSDUDOOHJDUDQXHVWURSXQWRGHHQFXHQWURFRQGRQ&DUORV\VX
KLMRÉQJHOTXLHQSRUVXHVWDWXUDVHYHtDTXHQRSDVDEDGHORV
DxRVGHHGDGÉQJHODOLJXDOTXHVXSDGUHFRQRFtDPX\ELHQOD]RQD
\ORVKRJDUHVTXHYLVLWDUtDPRVHVHGtD&DEHUHVDOWDUODVROLGDULGDG
DPDELOLGDG \ HQWUHJD TXH WLHQHQ ODV SHUVRQDV GHO FDPSR TXLHQHV
VLHPSUH GHPXHVWUDQ VX GLVSRVLFLyQ SDUD FRODERUDU \ JXLDUQRV HQ
QXHVWUDODERUDXQTXHDOJXQDVYHFHVQRVHDWDQIiFLO\PHQRVFXDQGRHVODSULPHUDYH]TXHVHHPSUHQGHXQSUR\HFWRUXUDO<DXQD
YH]GLYLGLGRVORVFRPSDxHURVGHOJUXSRFDGDXQRFRQXQJXtDTXH
QRVOOHYDUtDDODVÀQFDVTXHGHEtDPRVYLVLWDUHVHGtDTXHGDPRVHQ
HQFRQWUDUQRVHQODHVFXHODGHODYHUHGD/D/HMDQDKDFLDODVWUHVGH
41
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
ODWDUGHSDUDUHJUHVDUQRVDOD]RQDXUEDQDGH&DxDVJRUGDV/RVJHVWRUHVGHOD5HG-XQWRV
QRVGHFtDQTXHODVÀQFDVHUDQPX\FHUFD6LPX\FHUFDSDUDHOORVTXHHVWiQDFRVWXPEUDGRVDODUJDVFDPLQDWDVSRUFDPLQRVGHKHUUDGXUD3DUDPtTXHHUDODSULPHUDYH]TXHVDOtD
DWUDEDMDUHQXQSUR\HFWRUXUDO«QRSXHGRQHJDUTXHIXHPX\GXURSHURDSUHQGtDKDFHUORFRQPXFKRHVPHUR\GHGLFDFLyQDSHVDUGHODVSHODGXUDV\DPSROODVTXHPHFDXVDURQ
ODVERWDVTXHGHVGHTXHWHQtDDOUHGHGRUGHORVRFKRRGLH]DxRVQRXVDED
ÉQJHOIXHPLFRPSDxHUR\JXtDHVHGtDHQHOUHFRUULGRHUDLQFUHtEOHFRPRFRQRFtD
ORVDWDMRVSDUDOOHJDUDFDGDÀQFD\ODYHUGDGPHVRUSUHQGLyVXDVWXFLDHLQWHOLJHQFLD0iV
RPHQRVDODVRFKRGHODPDxDQDHPSUHQGLPRVDSLHQXHVWURYLDMHKDFLDODÀQFDGHOD
IDPLOLD(OFDPLQRQRSRGtDVHUPHMRUSRUPHGLRGHXQFDIHWDOSHURQRIDOWyXQDTXH
RWUDFDtGD\YDULRVUHVEDORQHV\DTXHHUDHPSLQDGR\HVWDEDOLVRSRUODOOXYLDGHODQRFKH
DQWHULRUÉQJHOPHFRQWySDUWHGHVXYLGDHUDHOPD\RUGHFLQFRKLMRVFXUVDEDHOVH[WR
JUDGR\VXVSUR\HFWRVHUDQWHUPLQDUHOEDFKLOOHUDWR\FRQWDQGRFRQHOHVIXHU]RGHVXV
SDGUHVLUVHD0HGHOOtQSDUDHQWUDUDODXQLYHUVLGDGDHVWXGLDUPHGLFLQD<ROHFRQWpTXH
SDUDPtHVHGtDHUDPX\LPSRUWDQWHSRUPLFXPSOHDxRV\SRUVXSXHVWROHFRQWpGHPL
WUDEDMR\GHORVOXJDUHVTXHKDEtDFRQRFLGRÉQJHOPX\DPDEOHPHIHOLFLWyVXJHVWRIXH
PX\KDODJDGRUSDUDPtHVSHFLDOPHQWHSRUTXHPLVFRPSDxHURVGHOJUXSRQRPHKDEtDQ
IHOLFLWDGRQRVpVLIXHSRUTXHQRVHDFRUGDEDQRSRUTXHFDGDXQRHVWDEDSHQVDQGRHQOR
ODUJD\GXUDTXHLEDKDFHUODMRUQDGDGHWUDEDMRHVHGtD/OHJDPRVDODÀQFDde la familia
GRQGHIXHURQPX\DPDEOHV\QRVEULQGDURQDOJRGHWRPDUSDUDTXHVLJXLpUDPRVQXHVWURFDPLQR'HVGHHVHSXQWRIXHPX\IiFLOYLVLWDUORVGHPiVKRJDUHVDSHVDUGHODOOXYLD\
HODJRWDPLHQWRDOWHQHUTXHFDPLQDUWRGRHOGtDSRUHVWDVKHUPRVDVPRQWDxDV+DFLDODV
FXDWURGHODWDUGHOOHJDPRVDODHVFXHODGHODYHUHGDFRQODDOHJUtDGHKDEHUFXPSOLGROR
SODQHDGR\DJUDGHFLHQGRDGRQ&DUORV\DÉQJHOVXFRPSDxtDODFXDOIXHGHPXFKDD\XGD
)LQDOPHQWHQRVVLUYLHURQXQDWD]DGHFDIpSDUDHPSUHQGHUQXHVWURFDPLQRKDFLDODFDUUHWHUDGRQGHQRVHVSHUDEDHOVHxRU6DOYDGRU(OUHFRUULGRORUHDOL]DPRVEDMRODOOXYLDTXH
QRSDUDEDGHFDHU8QDGHPLVFRPSDxHUDVODPiVDYHQWXUHUDGHOJUXSRVHDGHODQWyHQHO
FDPLQR\ORVGHPiVQRVTXHGDPRVDWUiVGHHOOD(OFDPLQRVHQRVKDFtDFDGDYH]PiVODUJR
SRUTXHQRVDEtDPRVVL\DHVWiEDPRVFHUFDGHODFDUUHWHUDEDMRODOOXYLDLQFOHPHQWHVROR
REVHUYDPRViUEROHV\PiViUEROHV6HHPSH]yDRVFXUHFHU\OR~QLFRTXHQRVDOXPEUDED
HOFDPLQRHUDQORVUHOiPSDJRV/RVWUXHQRVHUDQFDGDYH]PiVIXHUWHVVHQWtDPRVPLHGR
SHURQLQJXQRGHFtDQDGD<RSHQVDEDTXHGHEtDHVWDUHQPLFDVDFHOHEUDQGRXQDxRPiV
GHYLGD\QRHQHVHOXJDUVHQWtDTXH\DQRWHQtDIXHU]DVSDUDFRQWLQXDUODVERWDVHVWDEDQ
OOHQDVGHDJXD\EDUUR\PHSHVDEDQPXFKR8QDGHODVURGLOODVPHGROtDODURSDODWHQtDPRVHPSDSDGD1RVDEtDPRVVLtEDPRVHQODGLUHFFLyQFRUUHFWD\HOPLHGRGHSHUGHUQRV
VHDSRGHUDEDFDGDYH]PiVGHQRVRWURVVLQVDEHUGyQGHLUtDPRVDSDUDUHVDQRFKHIUtD\
WHQHEURVD'HUHSHQWHDSDUHFLyGRQ6DOYDGRUFRQVXOLQWHUQDQRVHVWDEDEXVFDQGR\WRGR
JUDFLDVDQXHVWUDFRPSDxHUDDYHQWXUHUDTXHOOHJyDGRQGHpOQRVHVSHUDEDSDUDOOHYDUQRVDO
SXHEORIXHXQDEHQGLFLyQ&XDQGRORYLPRVQRVGLMRTXHHVWDEDQPX\SUHRFXSDGRVSRU
QXHVWUDWDUGDQ]DTXHSRGtDPRVGHVYLDUQRVGHOFDPLQR\WHUPLQDUHQHOUtR<RQRSRGtD
42
El mejor regalo
de cumpleaños
GHOGRORUHQPLURGLOOD\DVtQRtEDPRVDYDQ]DUHQWRQFHVGRQ6DOYDGRUGHFLGLyFDUJDUPHSDUDDJLOL]DUHOSDVR$OOOHJDUDODWLHQGDGRQGHHVWDEDPLFRPSDxHUDHVSHUDQGRSRU
QRVRWURVQRDJXDQWpPiV\HVWDOOpHQOODQWRKDVWDHOSXQWRTXHXQDGHPLVFRPSDxHUDV
WDPELpQORKL]R/ORUpGHIHOLFLGDGSXHVHQHVHPRPHQWRHQWHQGtTXHHOPHMRUUHJDORGH
FXPSOHDxRVIXHHVHGtD\DJUDGHFtD'LRVSRUSHUPLWLUPHHVWDUHQXQOXJDUWDQHVSHFLDO
HLQROYLGDEOH
43
44
L
A la inversa
$XWRU7RPDVLWR
RVVXFHVRVDFiUHJLVWUDGRVVRQEDVDGRVHQKLVWRULDVGHODYLGD
UHDOVXFHGLGDVHQHODxRHQWUDEDMRGHFDPSR
/DWDUGHOOHJDED\HOFLHORHVWDEDRVFXUR\ODOLPRVLQDODHVFDOHUDHVWDEDOLVWDSDUDVDOLUD(O3DUDtVRODYHUHGDPiVDOWDGHDTXHO
PXQLFLSLR$OVDOLUSRUODDXWRSLVWDFRPRHQSULPHUDFODVHODOOXYLD
FDHVLQFRPSDVLyQ\ODDOWDYHORFLGDGKDFHTXHHODXWRTXHGHIXHUD
GHFRQWURO\VHVLHQWDQJUDQGHVYDFtRV\HVWUXHQGRVTXHQRDIHFWDQ
DORVTXHYLDMDPRVDOLQWHULRUGHOYHKtFXOR/DFRPRGLGDGGHOYLDMH
\ODYtDKDFHQTXHHOUHFRUULGRVHDPX\DFRJHGRUKDVWDHOSXQWR
GHEDMDUQRVGHODXWRDOFUX]DUHOYLDGXFWRGREOHFDO]DGDTXHKDEtD
FRODSVDGRGHELGRDODJUDQDÁXHQFLDGHDXWRPRWRUHV(QHOSXQWR
GHOSUREOHPDKDEtDXQDJUDQFDQWLGDGGHPLHPEURVGHODDXWRULGDG
FRQWURODQGRHOWUiÀFR\ODVYtDVDOWHUQDVKDELOLWDGDVDGHPiVGHSHUVRQDOGH,QYLDVUHSDUDQGRODJUDQHVWUXFWXUDTXHKDEtDFRODSVDGR
FRQODSURPHVDGHTXHHQFXHVWLyQGHXQDKRUDHVWDUtDIXQFLRQDQGR
Por decisión del grupo de viajeros de la limosina decidimos
HVSHUDUDTXHKDELOLWDUiQODDXWRSLVWD'HVSXpVGHTXHHODXWRHVWXYR
DORWURODGRGHOSUREOHPDYLDOYROYLPRVDVXELUDODOLPRWRWDOPHQWH
VLQPDQFKDV\OLPSLRVQXHVWURVWUDMHV&RQWLQXDPRVFRQODWUDYHVtD
ODWDUGHFDHODOOXYLDQRGLVPLQX\H\HOLQWHQVRIUtRKDFHTXHGHVHHHO
FiOLGRKRWHOFLQFRHVWUHOODVHQOD]RQDUHVHUYDGDGHOFDELOGRSHURODV
DFWLYLGDGHVSURJUDPDGDVQRGDEDQWLHPSRHQWUHHOODVHOFiOLGRUHFLELPLHQWRHQODDOIRPEUDURMDSRUSDUWHGHODVDXWRULGDGHVORFDOHV
XQDFRUGLDOLQYLWDFLyQDGDUXQSDVHRSRUOD]RQDKLVWyULFD\OXHJR
ODLQYLWDFLyQDOSDODFLRGHOJREHUQDGRU)XHéOTXLHQPHGLULJLyDO
UHFLQWRGRQGHVHUHODWDEDXQDREUDGHWHDWUR\OXHJRIXLPRVDFLQH
45
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
GRQGHYLPRVXQDSHOtFXODGHWHUURUODVKRUDVSDVDURQFRPRHODLUH\QRORVHQWLPRVVROR
QRVGLPRVFXHQWDSRUTXHHVWiEDPRVYLYRV
/XHJRGHXQDJUDQQRFKHQRVGLULJLPRVDXQRGHORVUHVWDXUDQWHVPiVSUHVWLJLRVRV
\ODVPHVDVHVWDEDQWRGDVUHVHUYDGDVIXLPRVDRWURV\HOPLVPRFDVRVXFHGLyHQFDGDXQR
GHORVUHVWDXUDQWHVDORVTXHIXLPRV1RIXHQDGDGLIHUHQWHODE~VTXHGDGHKRWHO\DTXHQR
KDEtDQLQJXQRFRQVXLWHVGLVSRQLEOHVQLVLTXLHUDHQODVFDEDxDV\ORVSDODFLRVDIXHUDGHOD
JUDQFLXGDG'DGDODVLWXDFLyQHOJREHUQDGRUPHOOHYóDOFOXEGHORVJUDQGHV\UHVSHWDGRV
GLULJHQWHVS~EOLFRVGHHVWDJUDQFLXGDG$OOtPHDWHQGLHURQFRPRDXQUH\
/DQRFKHD~QQRWHUPLQDEDGHEtDPRVGHMDUOLVWRHOWUDQVSRUWHSDUDHOGtDVLJXLHQWH
DSULPHUDKRUDSXHVPLDJHQGDQRGDEDSDUDTXHGDUPHPiVWLHPSR&RQJUDQGLOLJHQFLD
\SRU UDSLGH] SXVLHURQDPLGLVSRVLFLyQXQDPRWR%0:~OWLPRPRGHORFRQHOPHMRU
FRQGXFWRUGHWRGDODUHJLyQ
(OYLDMHWUDQVFXUULyWRGDODQRFKH\HODPDQHFHUEDMRODOOXYLD&RQHOLPSHUPHDEOH
miVÀQR\GH~OWLPDWHQGHQFLDPHDEULJXpGHOIUtR\GHODOOXYLD\DVtOOHJXéDOGHVWLQRÀQDO
GRQGHPHHVSHUDEDXQDDJHQGDSDUDFRQWLQXDU«
46
E
La calle Estrella
Autor: Julio Puentes
QPLSULPHUGtDGHHQFXHVWDVGHKRJDUHVHQXQPXQLFLSLRPX\
FHUFDQRD0DFRQGROODPDGRHO5LQODFDQtFXODPHSURGXFtD
XQIXHUWHGHVHRGHWUDJDUPHDOJXQRVVRQLGRVDOKDEODU
/H SUHJXQWp D XQD VHxRUD ² ¢&yPR KDJR SDUD OOHJDU D OD
FDOOH(VWUHOODGHOEDUULR(O6DFR"²(VlejoFRUD]yQcogeHVDEXVHWD\
te bajaXQDFXDGUDGHVSXpVGHOFXDUWHOLWR0HLQGLFyFRQSOHQDVHUHQLGDGPRVWUDQGRVXVXQLIRUPHVSHUODVGHFRUDOVREUHVXJUXHVR
ODELRLQIHULRU
)XHWRGDXQDVRUSUHVDKDEHUOOHJDGRHQWDQVyORFXDWURFXDGUDVGHYLDMH8QDFDxHUtDGHVWDSDGDUHFRUUtDWRGDHVDFDOOHDKRJDQGRHODLUHGHDJRVWRLQIHFWDGRHQVXSRGULGRRORU'HUHSHQWHXQD
YR]GHFKRFRODWHPHSUHJXQWy²¢PaGyQGHYD"²*UDFLDVOHGLMH
FRPRSHQVDQGRHQYR]DOWDYR\PX\FHUFDGHODVDVWUHUtDGHODFDOOH
(VWUHOOD²(VRHVWilejoPDQLIHVWy/XHJRJULWy²£-XDQFKR£-XDQFKR£/OHYDDOseñóGRQGH<XUD£/HSDJDGRVPLObarraseñó²*UDFLDV
QLxDEHQGLFLRQHV
²£$PHQseñó!
0XFKRV FDOOHMRQHV GHVHPERFDQ HQ HVD ODUJD FDOOH SHUR WDQ
VROROOHJDUDOVHJXQGRFDOOHMyQTXHGDEDODVDVWUHUtD0HVHQWtDOHJUH
SRUTXH HVWDED FHUFD DO KRJDU GH PL SULPHUD HQFXHVWD D SHVDU GH
TXHGDUHQHVHEDUULRPtWLFR\DEDQGRQDGRGRQGHODVYHUGDGHVPiV
VHQWLGDVQRDSDUHFHQHQODVHVWDGtVWLFDV
$OWHUPLQDUODHQWUHYLVWDSRUVROLFLWXGGHODVHxRUD$QWRQLD
UHSHWtODVLJXLHQWHSUHJXQWD¢6LXQDPLJRVX\RFRPHWHHUURUHVJUDYHVFRQWUDXVWHGRVXFRPXQLGDGXVWHGTXpYDORUDPiVODMXVWLFLDR
47
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
ODDPLVWDG"²£(SD7~PHinspiraFRQÀDQ]D0HGLMRFRQVXERFDSHTXHxDHQWDPDxRSHUR
JUDQGHHQVLQFHULGDG/XHJRSURVLJXLyDOJRDÁLJLGD²<RWHTXHUtDcontá una historia para
TXHW~sepaSRUTXpDSUHQGtDYDORUDUmáODDPLVWDG
7UHVDxRVGHVSXpVHYRFRHVWDKLVWRULDGHODVHxRUD$QWRQLDSDUDPRVWUDUFyPR
GHWHUPLQDGRVLPDJLQDULRV\DOJXQDVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVGHVWUX\HQHOHQFXHQWURHQWUHODVSHUVRQDV DIHFWDQGR HQWUH RWURV D ORV MyYHQHV YXOQHUDEOHV FRPR VXFHGLy FRQ HO KLMR GH
QXHVWUDLQIRUPDQWH
(OGtDTXH<DUOtQTXHGyGLVFDSDFLWDGRQRIXHXQVLPSOHDFFLGHQWHDOSDVDUODFDOOH
'RVPHVHVDQWHVGHHVHIXQHVWRPLpUFROHVHQXQDUHXQLyQGHSDGUHVODVHxRUD$QWRQLD
GHIHQGLHQGRDODSURIHVRUDGHFODUy²/RniñoQRGHEHQVHUPDOWUDWDGRSRURSLQDUHQOD
charla de los mayore(QWRQFHVRWUDPDGUHUHIXWy²Lo mayore no podemoSHUPLWLUTXHlo
niño desobediente no ganen en la conversacione/XHJRXQDPDWURQDDFXHUSDGDFRQYR]SRWHQWH\PHORGLRVDGLMR²(QPLFDVR\RVpORTXHOHFRQYLHQHDmi hijo\elloPHWLHQHQTXH
obedecé$FWRVHJXLGRLQWHUYLQRODGRFHQWH²3DSLWRVHVVHQFLOORORVQLxRVWLHQHQGHUHFKR
DRSLQDU'HVSXpVFRPRVLVHWUDWDUDGHXQDDFODUDFLyQXQFDVDWHQLHQWHLQFUHSy²Eso hijo
TXHcuetionan a lo papá son irrespetuoso£KD\TXHcastigarlo²6LHQHVWHFROHJLRQRHQVHxDQD
respeta a los niño conÁictivoPHOOHYRPLKLMRSDUDRWURFROHJLRDGYLUWLyRWURUHOXFLHQGRVXV
JUDQGHVGLHQWHVLQFLVLYRV²(VTXHODVHxRUD$QWRQLD\ODSURIHVRUDQXQFDDFHSWDQQXHVWUD
LGHDFKLOOyXQDDEXHOD\VDOLyGHODQWHGHYDULRVSDGUHVTXHODVLJXLHURQ6HJ~QVXYHUVLyQ
GHVSXpVGHHVWRODGLVFULPLQDFLyQFRQWUDVXKLMRIXHGLUHFWD
(VHPLpUFROHVGHVSXpVGHFODVH<DUOtQQRTXHUtDOOHJDUWHPSUDQRDODFDVDSXHVQR
SRGtDDUUDQFDUVHD1D\HOLVGHVXFDEH]D+DFHtre día NayeliVHFDPELyGHSXHVWR\VLHWH
meseHVWXYRDPLODGR£(OODQRTXHUtDGDUPHODHVSDOGDSHURHVDJHQWHQHFLDODWLHQHREOLJDGDOHGLMR<DUOtQDVXPDGUH«8QSDQGLOOHURDSRGDGR´HO0DxHµHUDHOUHFLHQWHPDULGR
GHHOOD\RGLDEDD<DUOtQSXHVORFRQVLGHUDEDVXULYDO²Too lo panita eWXFXUVR\DGHMDURQ
la amitadGHHVHGHVJUDFLDGR£VRORfaltaW~£MadditaVHDOHJULWypVWHD1D\HOLVXQGtDDQWHV
GHODWHQWDGRHVWDOODQGRXQDERWHOODGHFHUYH]D²+DFHdo díaPHFDPELpGHSXHVWRUHSXVR
1D\HOLV²£6tDemasiao taddeUHSXVR´HO0DxHµIRUPDQGRXQUHPROLQRHQORVRMRV\KDFLHQGRUHFKLQDUORVGLHQWHVHQWUHVXVFROPLOORV
-Ya ni me imagino a Nayeli YROYHUDOSXSLWUHYDFtRQLDmi compañero compartíXQEROL
sin agarrarse a trompáFRQWLQXySHQVDQGR<DUOtQPLHQWUDVYDJDEDSRUORVFDOOHMRQHVKDFLD
ODDYHQLGDORQJLWXGLQDO<DxDGLyNayeliQXQFDSRQGUiODFDUDSRUlo niñoTXHGHMDURQOD
HVFXHODtenemo miedo de habláHQS~EOLFR$todo se no arruga defendéDODSUR£6R\XQIUDFDVDGRSHURDeso pobre arrastrado leWRFDXQDVHPDQDFRQODDEXHODXQmeFRQODWtDFRQ
HOWtRFRQHOSDGUDVWURHQODFDOOH(VRseñó no dan permiso a ello de ser mi amigoEllo son
envidioso£1LFRQRVHGHMDFRJHUGHPDQGDGHURWLHQHXQDcruPDUFDGDHQODIUHQWH£Nayeli
carita de ángelYDDTXHPDUWHHQODSDLOD(OSUREOHPDeTXH\RQRKHKHFKRnaVRORWHQJR
XQSDSi\VL\RIXHUDPDORello serían mi amigo(OSUREOHPDeTXHDHOODOHJXVWDQlo necio
48
La calle Estrella
$Vt LED <DUOtQ HQUROODGR HQ VXV SHQVDPLHQWRV VLQ GDUVH FXHQWD HQ GHWDOOH GyQGH
VHHQFRQWUDED
1RREVWDQWHDOOOHJDUIUHQWHDODJUDQDYHQLGDVHGHWXYRPLUyGHUHRMRYLRDXQPXFKDFKRUREXVWRDFHUFDUVH\DOFDQ]yDQRWDUDYDULRVPXFKDFKRVHVFRQGHUVHHQÀODLQGLDGHWUiVGHpO&RUULyHVSDQWDGRVHHQFRQWUyFRQXQDEDUUHUDLQYLVLEOH\SDUDHVTXLYDUODVHODQ]y
DFUX]DUODFDOOHSHURDQWHVGHOOHJDUDORWURODGRXQFDUUROHDOFDQ]yODSLHUQDL]TXLHUGD«
+DFHWUHFHmese \QRVHUHFXSHUDWLHQHODSLHUQDLQIHFWDGDSRUHVWHFDxRFDGDve le huele
SHRU7RGDYtDQRhemo podido irnoGHDTXtPHFRQIHVyDOÀQDOODVHxRUD$QWRQLDOORUDQGR
49
50
E
Jugo de guanábana
Autor: Mi Viejito
UDYLHUQHVVHLVGHODPDxDQD~OWLPRGtDGHWUDEDMRHQ6DQ-XDQLWRHOVRODSDUHFtDHQHOKRUL]RQWH\VXVUD\RVVHGHMDEDQYHU
SRUHQWUHODVSRFDVQXEHVTXHVHHQFRQWUDEDQHQHOFLHORODEULVD
IUHVFDTXHOOHJDEDGHVGHHOUtRKDFLDSDUHFHUTXHVHUtDXQGtDJUDQGLRVRVROHDGRFRPRORVTXH\DKDEtDYLYLGRHQHVWHOXJDU$QLPDGRDQVLRVR\FRQXQDJUDQUHVSRQVDELOLGDGDFXHVWDVVDOtGHOKRWHO
SDUDHQFRQWUDUPHFRQGRQ0LJXHOXQDPDEOH\VHQFLOORKDELWDQWH
GHOSXHEORTXLHQHVHGtDDVtFRPRHQGtDVDQWHULRUHVPHOOHYDUtDHQ
VXDYLyQFRPRpOOODPDEDDVXPRWRFLFOHWDDOFRUUHJLPLHQWRGH3DWLR%RQLWRXQOXJDUDOTXHHUDGLItFLOOOHJDUVHJ~QKDEtDHVFXFKDGR
(PSUHQGLPRV HO UHFRUULGR QR VLQ DQWHV GHWHQHUQRV HQ XQ
SXHVWRGHYHQWDGHWLQWRVTXHVHHQFRQWUDEDHQHOSDUTXHSULQFLSDO
SDUDGHOHLWDUQRVFRQXQGHOLFLRVRFDIp%HELpQGRORDSHTXHxRVVRUERVUHFRUGpPLVDxRVGHLQIDQFLDHQODÀQFDGHPLVDEXHORVSHUR
DOLQVWDQWHHVRVSHQVDPLHQWRVIXHURQVXVSHQGLGRVSRUXQDYR]TXH
PHGHFtD´WRFDDUUDQFDUGHXQDYH]SRUTXHHOFDPLQRHVODUJRµ
HUDGRQ0LJXHOTXLHQ\DKDEtDWHUPLQDGRVXFDIp\VHGLVSRQtDD
SUHQGHUODPRWR
El recorrido empezó por una carretera destapada pero en
EXHQHVWDGROXHJRGHXQDKRUDSRUSDLVDMHVGHJDQDGHUtD\FXOWLYRV
QRVHQFRQWUDPRVODSULPHUDTXHEUDGD<RDOYHUHODQFKRGHOHVSHMR
GHDJXDSHQVp´KDVWDDTXtIXHORIiFLOµSHQVDPLHQWRTXHOHWUDVPLWt
DPLSLORWRDQWHORFXDOVHOLPLWyDGHFLU´\HVWHHVHOPiVSDQGLWRµ
6LQ]DSDWRV\FDPLQDQGRSDVpDOODGRRSXHVWRORPLVPRKDFLDGRQ
0LJXHOTXLHQFRQJUDQKDELOLGDGOOHYyODPRWRFLFOHWDDORWURODGR
HQGRQGHVHHQFRQWUDEDXQFDPLyQDWDVFDGRHQHOEDUUR«
51
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
6HJXLPRV\FRQJUDQVRUSUHVDGHSDUWHPtDQRVWRFySDJDUXQSHDMHTXHORVKDELWDQWHVSRQHQHQODYtDSDUDFRQVHJXLUDOJRGHGLQHURTXHORVD\XGHSDUDVXVXVWHQWR3DUD
HQWRQFHVODFDUUHWHUDVHKDFtDPiVDQJRVWD\HPSHRUDEDVXPDOHVWDGRHOSDLVDMHVHWRUQy
GLIHUHQWHKDEtDPiVYHJHWDFLyQ\PiVSiMDURVFDQWDQGRHOFOLPDVHKL]RPiVDJUDGDEOH
(VFXFKDQGR GH ERFD GH GRQ 0LJXHO ODV KLVWRULDV TXH UHFRUGDEDQ ODV PDVDFUHV \ VLWLRV
YHGDGRVSRUJUXSRVDOPDUJHQGHODOH\HQDxRVDQWHULRUHVQRVHQFRQWUDPRVIUHQWHDOD
VLJXLHQWHTXHEUDGDTXHSDUDPtHUDXQUtRQRPHLPDJLQDEDFyPRKDUtDPRVSDUDSRGHU
FRQWLQXDUSHURHOHQWXVLDVPR\FDUiFWHUGHGRQ0LJXHOPHLPSXOVyDVHJXLU&RQHODJXD
KDVWDODURGLOOD\XQDFRUULHQWHEDVWDQWHIXHUWHHPSXMDPRVODPRWRKDVWDHOODGRRSXHVWR
GRQGHFRQJUDQDOHJUtDYHtDPiVFHUFDHOPRPHQWRGHSRGHUORJUDUPLREMHWLYR
<DFRPSOHWiEDPRVWUHVKRUDVGHUHFRUULGRODFDUUHWHUDGHVWDSDGDHPSHRUDEDHVWR
VXPDGRDODOOXYLDGHODQRFKHDQWHULRUKDFtDQFDVLLPSRVLEOHPDQWHQHUXQUXPERÀMR
SHURJUDFLDVDODSHULFLDGHPLSLORWRTXHHQYDULDVRFDVLRQHVHYLWyTXHQRVGLpUDPRVFRQWUDHOVXHORQRVDFHUFiEDPRVDQXHVWUR~OWLPRJUDQREVWiFXORXQDTXHEUDGDGHPD\RU
FDXGDO\DODTXHGRQ0LJXHOUHVSHWDEDPiVD~QFRQODOOXYLDGHODQRFKHDQWHULRU&RQOD
IHGHOEXHQFUH\HQWHLQJUHVDPRVDOUtRHODJXDVXEtDFDGDYH]PiVKDVWDDOFDQ]DUODDOWXUD
GHODFLQWXUDODPRWRDSDJDGDHUDUHERVDGDSRUHODJXDVLQHPEDUJRFRQJUDQGLÀFXOWDG
ORJUDPRVDWUDYHVDUOR<DHQODRULOODDOLQWHQWDUSUHQGHUODPRWRHVWDQRUHVSRQGtDWUDQVFXUULHURQPiVGHGLH]PLQXWRVSHURJUDFLDVD'LRVYROYLyDHQFHQGHU
/XHJRGHPLQXWRVPiVGHUHFRUULGROOHJDPRVDQXHVWURGHVWLQR8QDFDQFKDGH
I~WEROHUDODDQWHVDODSDUDHQFRQWUDUHOFDVHUtRFRQIRUPDGRSRUDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHFDVDVGHWDEODODPD\RUtDGHHOODVDEDQGRQDGDV/OHJDPRVDFDVDGHGRQ-DFLQWRXQVHxRUGH
DxRVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHYR]JUXHVDPLUDGDSURIXQGD\ODYHUUDTXHUDGHOFDPSHVLQR
FRORPELDQRHUDSUHVLGHQWHGHODMXQWDGHDFFLyQFRPXQDO/DVQRWLFLDVUHFLELGDVQRIXHURQDOHQWDGRUDVGHODVFLQFRSHUVRQDVTXHEXVFDEDVRORGRVVHHQFRQWUDEDQHQOD]RQD
9LVLWpDODSULPHUDGHHOODVHUDXQMRYHQGHDxRVYtFWLPDGHODFUXHOGDGGHOD
JXHUUDTXLHQFRQWDQGRVXKLVWRULDGHMyFRUUHUXQDODJULPDSRUVXPHMLOOD«SDUDHVHPRPHQWR\DHUDQODVGHOGtDVLQGHVD\XQDU\VLQLGHDGHTXp\GyQGHDOPRU]DULQYLWpD
GRQ0LJXHODWRPDUXQDJDVHRVDFRQSDQHQODWLHQGDGHOFDVHUtR$OWHUPLQDUGRQ-DFLQWR
QRVLQGLFyHOFDPLQRSDUDOOHJDUGRQGHODVHxRUD0DULHODTXLHQYLYtDDPHGLDKRUDSRUXQ
FDPLQRGHKHUUDGXUDHOFXDOWRPDPRVGHLQPHGLDWR
6LJXLHQGRODVLQGLFDFLRQHVOOHJDPRVDVXFDVDXQUDQFKLWRGHEDKDUHTXHWHFKRGH
SDOPD\SLVRVHQWLHUUDGRQGHKDELWDEDFRQVXHVSRVR\VXVFLQFRKLMRV(VWDQGRDOOtFRPSUHQGtXQDYH]PiVTXHODULTXH]DQRVHPLGHHQGLQHURVLQRHQODJUDQGH]DGHOFRUD]yQ\
ODVDFFLRQHVTXHUHDOL]DPRVFXDQGRDTXHOODPXMHUKXPLOGHQRVRIUHFLyXQGHOLFLRVRMXJR
GHJXDQiEDQDTXHHQPLERFD£IXHODPHMRUFRPLGDTXHKDEtDSUREDGRHQPLYLGD/XHJR
GHXQDKRUDHQODFDVDGHGRxD0DULHODQRVGLVSXVLPRVDWRPDUQXHVWURFDPLQRGHUHJUHVR\DSDUDHQWRQFHVHUDODXQD\PHGLDGHODWDUGH
52
Jugo de guanábana
6LQWHQHUFRPXQLFDFLyQFRQPLVFRPSDxHURVHPSUHQGLPRVHOYLDMH(OSDVRSRUORV
FXHUSRVGHDJXDVHPHKL]RPiVIiFLOSHURODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVGHOFUXFHSRUHVWRVUtRVVH
HYLGHQFLDEDQHQHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHQXHVWURYHKtFXORTXHDFDGDPRPHQWRVHDSDJDED
\FRQHVWRPLSUHRFXSDFLyQDXPHQWDEDSXHVVHKDFtDLPSRVLEOHSRGHUOOHJDUDOSXHEOR\
WRPDUHO~OWLPRPHGLRGHWUDQVSRUWHUXPERD(O%DUUDQFR\GHDOOtDODFDSLWDO
/OHYiEDPRVXQDKRUDGHUHFRUULGRFXDQGRGRQ0LJXHOVHGHWXYRPHFRPXQLTXp
FRQPLVFRPSDxHURV\OHVH[SXVHODSRVLELOLGDGGHQRSRGHUOOHJDUDWLHPSR«GRQ0LJXHO
FRQVXVHQFLOOH]H[SUHVyVXFRPSURPLVRGHOOHYDUPHSDUDTXHSXGLHUDWRPDUOD~OWLPDODQFKDWDUHDTXHSDUHFtDLPSRVLEOHSHURJUDQGHIXHPLVRUSUHVD\ODIHOLFLGDGGHPLVFRPSDxHURVDOOOHJDUHQHOPRPHQWRSUHFLVR\DERUGDUODODQFKDWRGRVMXQWRVFRQODVDWLVIDFFLyQ
GHOGHEHUFXPSOLGR\ODPHWDDOFDQ]DGD
53
54
$XWRU/D,QFRPSUHQGLGD
La inocencia tocó mi alma
E
QWUHDJRVWR\QRYLHPEUHGHODxRVHKL]ROD(QFXHVWD1DFLRQDOGH6DOXG(16$PtPHFRUUHVSRQGLyKDFHUOD
HQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH&yUGRED0LFUyQLFDHVGHXQFRUUHJLPLHQWR
XELFDGRDGRVKRUDVGHODFLXGDGGH0RQWHUtDDGRQGHOOHJDPRV
HQODVKRUDVGHODPDxDQDSDUDHPSH]DUQXHVWURWUDEDMR&RPROD
HQFXHVWDWHQtDYDULRVPyGXORVGHFLGLPRVKDFHUHOPyGXORSDUD
VDEHUDFXiOHVPLHPEURVGHODIDPLOLDWHQtDPRVTXHHQFXHVWDU\D
TXLpQHVWHQtDPRVTXHUHDOL]DUOHXQDVSUXHEDV
/DVSUXHEDVHUDQSHVRWDOOD\PHGLFLyQGHWULJOLFpULGRVFROHVWHURO\D]~FDUHQODVDQJUH(VWD~OWLPDVHKDFtDFRQXQDPXHVWUD
GHVDQJUHREWHQLGDSRUPHGLRGHXQDODQFHWDHQHOGHGRtQGLFH\
FRQXQDPDTXLQLWDHOHFWUyQLFDVHSURFHVDEDODPXHVWUDSDUDHQWUHJDUHOUHVXOWDGR
&RPRQRVHSRGtDKDFHUHOH[DPHQGHVDQJUHWDUGHGHFLGLPRVTXHGDUQRV1RVGLHURQDORMDPLHQWRHQHO&HQWURGH6DOXGTXH
KDFtDWUHVPHVHVQRHVWDEDIXQFLRQDQGR'RVGHPLVFRPSDxHURV
GXUPLHURQHQXQRGHORVFRQVXOWRULRVODVXSHUYLVRUD\\RQRVDFRPRGDPRVHQODUHFHSFLyQ/DVXSHUYLVRUDFRORFyXQDKDPDFDSDUD
GRUPLU\\RXQDFDPLOOD&RPREDMDEDQELFKRVSRUODVSDUHGHVFRORTXpODFDPLOODHQHOFHQWURGHOVDOyQ«'RUPtERFDDUULEDWLHVD
\WDSDGDGHSLHVDFDEH]DDSHVDUGHOFDORU1RSRGtDJLUDUPHSDUD
QLQJ~QODGRSRUTXHDOSLVRLEDDGDU
&RPRDODVGRVGHODPDxDQDVRQyXQHVWUXHQGRFRPRVLVH
KXELHUDFDtGRXQDSDUHGPHWLUpGHODFDPLOODHQFHQGtODOX]\YLD
ODVXSHUYLVRUDTXHVHOHYDQWDEDGHOSLVRSXHVVHOHUHYHQWyXQRGH
55
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
ORVDPDUUHVGHODKDPDFD/HSUHJXQWpVLOHGROtDDOJR\PHUHVSRQGLyTXHDSDUWHGHVXRUJXOORQDGD9ROYLPRVDVXMHWDUODKDPDFD\QRVIXLPRVDFRVWDU(QHVHPRPHQWRHPSH]y
DOORYHU\HVRQRVD\XGyDGHVFDQVDU\GRUPLUKDVWDODVFLQFRGHODPDxDQD
&XDQGRQRVOHYDQWDPRVQRKDEtDOX]\VRORKDEtDQGRVEDOGHVFRQDJXD&DGDXQR
VHEDxyFRQPHGLREDOGHGHDJXD%XHQRQRVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHQRVEDxDPRV£VRORVDOSLFDGLWRV1RVDOLVWDPRV\HVSHUDPRVKDVWDODVVHLV\QROOHJyODOX]&RPRWHQtDPRVTXH
KDFHUORVH[iPHQHVVDOLPRVDEXVFDUXQDSODQWDHOpFWULFDFRQWDQEXHQDVXHUWHTXHHQXQD
GHODVGRVWLHQGDVTXHKDEtDHQHOFRUUHJLPLHQWRWHQtDQXQD\QRVFRODERUDURQ0LHQWUDV
FRQHFWDEDQODPiTXLQD\VHDOLVWDEDWRGRIXLSRUODVSHUVRQDVVHOHFFLRQDGDVSDUDODVSUXHEDVODVOOHYpKDVWDDOOt\HQWUHWRGRVODVHYDFXDPRVUiSLGDPHQWH
'HVSXpVGHGHVD\XQDUQRVIXLPRVHQEXVFDGHQXHVWURVVXMHWRVGHHVWXGLR<RWHQtD
WUHVHQFXHVWDVFRQMyYHQHVGHDxRV/DSULPHUDIXHFRQXQDMRYHQ\DWHQtDPDULGR\
XQEHEpGHVLHWHPHVHVYLYtDFRQVXVVXHJURV%XVFDPRVXQVLWLRSDUDHVWDUVRORODVGRV\
HPSHFpODHQFXHVWD
3HUR£D\«£PDGUHPtDTXHHVWUpVHVWDHQFXHVWDTXHHUDGHPLQXWRVDPHGLD
KRUDGXUyXQDKRUD'HUHSHQWHDSDUHFLyODVXSHUYLVRUD\PHGLFH²0DUWKD¢TXpSDVy"
OR~QLFRTXHOHSXGHGHFLUIXHVLpQWHVH\HVFXFKH/HKLFHXQDGHODVSUHJXQWDVGHODHQFXHVWDDODMRYHQHOODEDMyODFDEH]DOXHJRPLUyDOWHFKREDOEXFHDEDTXHGyFRPRHQ
VXVSHQVRPLUDQGRKDFLDODQDGD\GHVSXpVGHGRVPLQXWRVGLFH¢TXpPHSUHJXQWy"/D
VXSHUYLVRUDPHPLUy\\ROHGLMHWRGDODHQFXHVWDKDVLGRLJXDOVLQHPEDUJROHKLFHRWUD
SUHJXQWD\SDVyORPLVPR/DVXSHUYLVRUDPHGLMR²\RYR\KDFHUODHQFXHVWDHQODRWUD
YLYLHQGD\XVWHGWHUPLQHHVWD£*UDFLDVD'LRVWHUPLQp
6DOtDUHDOL]DUODWHUFHUDHQFXHVWD\DTXHPLVXSHUYLVRUDHVWDEDWHUPLQDQGRODVHJXQGDTXHPHFRUUHVSRQGtD/OHJXpDODYLYLHQGD\PHDWHQGLyODVHxRUDTXHPHKDEtDGDGR
ODSULPHUDHQFXHVWDOHSHGtTXHPHOODPDUDDOMRYHQGHDxRVTXHKDEtDVHOHFFLRQDGR
HOVLVWHPDSHURFXDQGRORYLIUHQWHDPLVRMRVOHSUHJXQWpDODVHxRUD¢HVpO"(OODDVLQWLy
OXHJROHSUHJXQWpDOMRYHQVXQRPEUH\VXHGDGSDUDPLVRUSUHVDHUDpO£1RSRGtDFUHHUOR
SDUHFtDXQQLxRGHDxRV6DOLGDGHPLDVRPEUROHSHGtDODVHxRUDTXHQRVGHMDUDVRORV
OHH[SOLTXpDOMRYHQSRUTXpKDEtDVDOLGRVHOHFFLRQDGRODVSUHJXQWDVTXHLEDKDFHUOH\TXH
QRWXYLHUDSHQDGHFRQWHVWDUTXHORTXHQRHQWHQGLHUD\RVHORLEDDFODUDU(QWUDGRV\DHQ
FRQÀDQ]DPHGLMRTXHODVHxRUDQRHUDVXPDPiTXHVXYHUGDGHUDPDGUHPXULyFXDQGRpO
WHQtDVLHWHDxRV4XHHOHVSRVRGHODVHxRUDSDVySRUVXFDVDXELFDGDHQXQDYHUHGDOHMRV
GHDOOt\TXHOHGLRSHVDUSRUTXHVXSDSiXQGtDVDOLy\QRUHJUHVyeOWHQtDDxRV0H
FRQWyTXHVHVRVWHQtDGHODFDULGDGGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHYLYtDQFHUFD&XDQGROHSUHJXQWp
TXpKDFtDPHGLMRTXHFDUJDEDHODJXD\PHPRVWUyGRVJDORQHVGHFLQFROLWURVFDGDXQR
ORVDWUDYHVDEDFRQXQSDORSDUDSRGHUORVFDUJDU\HVDHUDVXODERU
6HPHKL]RXQQXGRHQHODOPD\PHGLRXQDRSUHVLyQHQHOSHFKRSRUTXHFDUJDED
DJXDSDUDPXFKRVSHURVRORUHFLEtDFRPLGD\WHFKRGHHVWDVSHUVRQDV&XDQGROHSUHJXQWp
GyQGHGRUPtDPHVHxDOyHOSLVRGHODFRFLQDTXHHUDHQWLHUUD<FXDQGRPHORGLMROR
56
La inocencia tocó mi alma
KL]RFRQXQDVRQULVDGHRUHMDDRUHMDGHMDQGRYHUXQDGHQWDGXUDKHUPRVD\XQEULOORFODUR
HQVXVRMRVDSHVDUGHTXHORWUDWDEDQFRPRDXQEXUURGHFDUJDHUDIHOL]\ORUHÁHMDED6H
PHDJXDURQORVRMRVPHWXYHTXHOHYDQWDU\DOHMDUPHXQSRFRSRUTXHQRSXGHDJXDQWDU
URPStHQOODQWRQRWDQWRSRUORTXHPHGLMRVLQRSRUODLQRFHQFLDGHVXFRUD]yQ\ODSXUH]DGHVXDOPD(QpOQRKDEtDPDOLFLDQLPDOGDGHUDIHOL]
0LVXSHUYLVRUDPHDOHQWy\FDOPyQXQFDSHQVpVHQWLUWDQWRGRORUWDQWDLPSRWHQFLD
1RKLFHQDGD7HUPLQp\PHGHVSHGtFRQXQDJUDQWULVWH]D\DQJXVWLDVRORORDEUDFp1R
SRGtDKDFHUQDGDGXUpPXFKRWLHPSRSHQVDQGRHQORTXHSRGUtDKDEHUKHFKRHQFyPR
ORKXELHUDKHFKRSHURQRKLFHQDGD«
/R~QLFRTXHKDJRHVUHFRUGDUHVDPLUDGD\HVDJUDQVRQULVD\SHGLUOHD'LRVTXH
HVWpELHQTXHGHVXURVWUR\GHVXDOPDQRVHKD\DERUUDGRHVDLQRFHQFLDQLODIHOLFLGDG
GHVXFRUD]yQ«
57
58
E
Visita inolvidable
Autor: Lila
sta crónica comienza cuando llegué a un municipio del norte
GHOSDtV(UDXQDWDUGHFRPRDHVRGHODVVHLVOOHJXpGHXQ
PXQLFLSLRFHUFDQRGRQGHPHHQFRQWUDEDWUDEDMDQGRPHEDMpGHO
FROHFWLYR\ORSULPHURTXHYLIXHXQDFDQWLGDGGHVHxRUHVHQPRWR
TXLHQHVLQPHGLDWDPHQWHOOHJDXQWUDQVSRUWHFRQSDVDMHURVORURGHDQSDUDRIUHFHUVXVVHUYLFLRVPRWRPRWRSDUDHOVHFWRUGHOD
3OD\D 6H LPDJLQDQ TXH WRGR HO TXH OOHJD YD HQ SODQ WXUtVWLFR<R
OOHJXpPHEDMpFRQPLPDOHWDHLJQRUpORVRIUHFLPLHQWRVLQLFLDOHV
PHIXLFDPLQDQGR\XQRRGRVGHHOORVPHVLJXLHURQSUHJXQWDQGR
LQVLVWHQWHPHQWH²¢pa dónde va seño"\ROHVGLMHDTXtQRPiV\PH
GLULJtDOKRWHOPiVFHUFDQR$YHULJXDQGRHQXQVLWLR\HQRWURPH
LQVWDOpHQHOTXHPHSDUHFLyPHMRU'HVSXpVVDOtDFRPHUDXQUHVWDXUDQWHTXHTXHGDEDHQIUHQWHGHOKRVSHGDMH«\DOOt\DHPSLH]DQD
YHUWHODFDUDGH´H[WUDQMHURµSRUTXHFXDQGRWHFREUDQWLWXEHDQSDUD
GDUHOSUHFLR%XHQRQRTXHGDPiVUHPHGLRTXHDJUDGHFHUSRUOR
PHQRVHQFRQWUpXQVLWLRFHUFDQRGRQGHFRPHU
0HGLULJtDOKRWHOFRQODLGHDGHGHVFDQVDUGDUPHXQEDxR\
SUHSDUDUPHSDUDHOGtDVLJXLHQWHSHUR£RKVRUSUHVDFXDQGRDEUtHO
JULIRGHOODYDPDQRVQRVDOtDQDGDGHDJXD(QHVHPRPHQWRSHQVp
PHWRFDUiDFRVWDUPHDVtQRKD\GHRWUDSHURVDOtGHPLKDELWDFLyQ
\IXLDSHGLUOHDJXDDODVHxRUDTXHDWHQGtDHOKRWHOHOODHVWDEDHQ
ODFRFLQDSHURPHLJQRUy£QRTXHUtDGDUPHQLXQEDOGHFRQDJXD
(QHVHPRPHQWRVDOLyGHXQDKDELWDFLyQXQVHxRUPD\RUFRPRGH
XQRVDxRVTXHSDUHFtDHOGXHxR\PHGLMR²¢4XpQHFHVLWD"\R
reduje mi pedido a un poco de agua para lavarme las manos; él fue
\DOHJyFRQODVHxRUD\OHGLMR²£2\HGDOHXQSRFRGHDJXDpa´TXH
59
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
VHODYHODVPDQRV(OODPDQRWHyKL]RPDODFDUDFRQVHxDVGHTXHQRTXHUtDFRPSDUWLUHO
DJXDHOVHxRUFRJLyXQDSRQFKHUD\VDFyXQSRFRGHDJXDGHOODYDGHUR\PHODGLR/HGL
ODVJUDFLDV\PHIXLSDUDPLKDELWDFLyQSHQVDQGRHIHFWLYDPHQWHHVWRVRORPHDOFDQ]DSDUD
ODYDUPHODVPDQRV0HWRFyUHDOL]DUHODVHREXFDOFRQDJXDGHEROVDTXHDIRUWXQDGDPHQWH
WHQtD\DFRVWDUPHDVtVLQPD\RUUHIUHVFDPLHQWR
0HTXHGpSUHRFXSDGDSHQVDQGR¢PHGDUiQXQEDOGHGHDJXDHQODPDxDQDSDUD
DVHDUPH"(OVHxRUWRFyDPLKDELWDFLyQQHFHVLWDEDODSRQFKHUDTXHPHKDEtDSUHVWDGRVH
ODGHYROYt\PHGLMR²1RVHSUHRFXSHPDxDQDOOHJDHODJXDDODVHLVGHODPDxDQD/HGL
ODVJUDFLDV\SHQVpORTXHpOQRVDEHHVTXHPDGUXJRDWUDEDMDU\DODVVHLV\DWHQJRTXH
HVWDUOLVWD
$OGtDVLJXLHQWHPHOHYDQWpDODVFLQFRGHODPDxDQD\VDOtGHPLKDELWDFLyQDEXVFDU
XQEDOGHFRQDJXDDOODYDGHUR\SHQVDQGRRMDOiQRVHGHQFXHQWDSRUTXHGRQGHPHVDOJD
HVDVHxRUDGHSURQWRVHPROHVWDSHURSDUDPLVRUSUHVDHOVHxRUHVWDED\DGDQGRYXHOWDV
SRUHOOXJDUPHYLR\VLQTXH\ROHGLMHUDQDGDGLMR²EXHQRVGtDV\DOHDOFDQ]RXQEDOGH
FRQDJXD0HEDxp\PHDOLVWpSDUDVDOLUDWUDEDMDU
&XDQGRVDOtGHPLKDELWDFLyQPHDVDOWyODSUHRFXSDFLyQ«¢$GyQGHYR\"SRUTXH
QRWHQtDWHOpIRQRVGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVTXHLEDDYLVLWDU\WHQtDTXHHVWDUPHGLD
KRUDDQWHVGHTXHVHLQLFLDUDQODVFODVHV3HQVpQRVpGyQGHTXHGDQQRVDEHQTXH\RYR\
DYLVLWDUORVODDOFDOGtDODDEUHQDODVRFKR¢DTXLpQOHGLJRTXHPHRULHQWH\SRUGyQGH
HPSLH]R"'HLQPHGLDWRHPSHFpDEXVFDUVROXFLyQSDUDWRGDVHVWDVLQTXLHWXGHV
(QHOEDOFyQGHOKRWHOHVWDEDVHQWDGRHOVHxRUTXHSDUHFtDHOGXHxRHUDOD~QLFDFDUD
DPDEOHTXHKDEtDHQHVHPRPHQWR0HOHDFHUTXpPHSUHVHQWp\OHFRPHQWpTXpWUDEDMR
HUDHOTXH\RLEDDUHDOL]DU\OHSUHJXQWpVLFRQRFtDORVFROHJLRVTXH\RLEDDYLVLWDUFRQOD
LGHDGHLUDOPiVFHUFDQReOPHGLMR²EXHQRQRFRQR]FRHVRVFROHJLRV\PHQRVVLHVWiQ
HQODVYHUHGDVSHURKD\XQDSURIHHQHOKRWHOTXHOHSXHGHGHFLUFRQPiVSUHFLVLyQORTXH
QHFHVLWD\VHIXHDOODPDUOD0LHQWUDVpOUHJUHVDEDFRQODGRFHQWHSHQVpTXpGHEXHQDV
DKRUD\DWHQJRXQDSLVWDSRUGyQGHHPSH]DUHQVHJXLGDPHFDPELyHOSDQRUDPDPHVHQWt
FRQHVSHUDQ]DV«
&XDQGRYHRYHQLUDODHVSHUDGDGRFHQWHUHVXOWyTXHHUDODVHxRUDGHOKRWHOODTXH
QRPHTXHUtDGDUDJXDODQRFKHDQWHULRU\PHKL]RPDODFDUD%XHQRHOODVHPHDFHUFyXQ
SRFRVHFD<RPHSUHVHQWpOHGLMHGHTXpVHWUDWDEDPLWUDEDMR\PHGLMR²<RVR\GRFHQWH
SHURGHOD]RQDUXUDO/HOHtODOLVWDGHORVFROHJLRVTXHVHLEDQDYLVLWDU\SDUDVRUSUHVDXQR
HUDHQHOTXHHOODWUDEDMDED6XFDUD\VXDFWLWXGFDPELDURQGHOFLHORDODWLHUUDSRUTXHDKRUD£\RHUDODIXQFLRQDULDGHOPLQLVWHULRTXHLEDDYLVLWDUVXFROHJLRDSHVDUGHTXHOHH[SOLTXpTXHWUDEDMDEDFRQXQDHPSUHVDFRQVXOWRUDSDUDHOODHUDODIXQFLRQDULDGHOPLQLVWHULR
(QWUDQGRPiVHQGHWDOOHVREUHTXpHUDORTXHVHLEDKDFHUHQODLQVWLWXFLyQUHVXOWy
TXHHOSHUÀOTXHHOODWHQtDHUDHOTXHEXVFDEDSDUDDSOLFDUOHODVHQWUHYLVWDV«£HUDODGRFHQWH
TXHEXVFDED
60
Visita inolvidable
(QFXHVWLyQGHPLQXWRVKLFLPRVHPSDWtDHOODFRQRFtDODVRWUDVLQVWLWXFLRQHVTXH
LEDDYLVLWDUPHIDFLOLWyDOJXQRVWHOpIRQRVGHODVUHFWRUDV\HPSHFpDUHDOL]DUJHVWLyQSDUD
DQXQFLDUPLYLVLWDDORVFROHJLRV$ODVGLH]GHODPDxDQD\DWHQtDDUPDGDPLDJHQGD\ODV
SUHRFXSDFLRQHVFRQTXHLQLFLpPLGtDGHVDSDUHFLHURQ
(VHGtDHOODIXHPX\DPLVWRVDPHOOHYy\PHLQGLFyTXpUHVWDXUDQWHHUDEXHQRHQ
HOSXHEORPHFRQVLJXLyXQPRWRFLFOLVWDGHFRQÀDQ]DSDUDTXHPHOOHYDUDDODYHUHGDDO
PHGLRGtDPHIXLFRQHOODDYLVLWDUVXFROHJLRSRUTXHWHQtDMRUQDGDGHODWDUGH
(QHOFROHJLRHOODRUJDQL]yXQDUHXQLyQFRQORVGRFHQWHVDXQTXHOHH[SOLTXpTXH
VROR LED D WUDEDMDU FRQ HOOD PH SLGLy TXH FRPR KDEtD KHFKR LU D GRFHQWHV GH HVFXHODV
FHUFDQDVTXHKDEODUDFRQHOORV\ORVHVFXFKDUDSDUDTXHQRVHVLQWLHUDQPDOSRUKDEHULGR
VLQQHFHVLGDG<RODFRPSUHQGt\DSURYHFKpHOGLiORJRFRQHOORVSDUDWRPDULQIRUPDFLyQ
YDOLRVDTXHLEDDFRPSOHPHQWDUPLWUDEDMR\HOORVTXHGDURQHQWXVLDVPDGRVSRUTXHOHV
SUHVWpDWHQFLyQDVXVLQTXLHWXGHV$OÀQDOGHODFKDUODKXERXQDL]DGDGHEDQGHUDHQODFXDO
QRVDFRJLHURQDORVGRFHQWHVGHODVRWUDVHVFXHODV\DPtFRPRYLVLWD+XERIRWRV\XQ
SHTXHxRGHWDOOHIXHDOJRPX\ERQLWRVHSHUFLELyODHVSRQWDQHLGDGGHODVGRFHQWHVPX\
FDULxRVDV\DPDEOHV$OGtDVLJXLHQWHPHIXHPX\ELHQSRUTXHORVGRFHQWHVFDGDXQRHQ
VXVLQJXODULGDGPHEULQGDURQXQWUDWRDPDEOH\PX\FiOLGR
(QUHVXPHQSXHGRGHFLUTXHDSUHQGtDHQWHQGHUTXHDSHVDUGHTXHDYHFHVODVFRVDV
VHYHQJULVHVQRGHEHXQRDGHODQWDUVHDVDFDUFRQFOXVLRQHVQLVHUQHJDWLYR$QWHWRGRVH
GHEHFRQVHUYDUODFDOPDSRUTXHVLWDPELpQPHKXELHVHSXHVWRFRQXQDPDODDFWLWXGFXDQGRODVHxRUDGHOKRWHOQRPHTXHUtDGDUDJXDSUREDEOHPHQWHQRPHKXELHVHFRODERUDGR
FRPRORKL]R7DPELpQDSUHQGtTXHVHGHEHVHUSURDFWLYRSDUDDOFDQ]DUORVREMHWLYRV\ODV
PHWDVTXHVHTXLHUHQDOFDQ]DU
$OJRPX\LPSRUWDQWHGHGHVWDFDUHVODLPSRUWDQFLDGHHVFXFKDUDODVSHUVRQDVVHDQ
RQRDTXLHQHVYD\DPRVDHQFXHVWDURVLPSOHPHQWHDOJXLHQTXHHVWiDOOtDODH[SHFWDWLYDGH
TXpYDPRVKDFHUSRUTXHHVWDVSHUVRQDVPXFKDVYHFHVQRVDSRUWDQLQIRUPDFLyQYDOLRVD
SRUHMHPSORDFHUFDGHGyQGHTXHGDXQVLWLRTXHWHQHPRVTXHYLVLWDUDGyQGHVHSXHGHLU
\DGyQGHQR,JXDOPHQWHQRVSXHGHQLQIRUPDUVREUHTXLpQSXHGHVHUQXHVWURFRQWDFWR
SDUDODSUy[LPDJHVWLyQ
$VtIXHXQDMRUQDGDPiVHQODVDYHQWXUDVTXHYLYLPRVORVHQFXHVWDGRUHVHQQXHVWUR
GtDDGtDODERUDO
61
62
Autor: Lehio
Al mal tiempo buena cara
E
UDXQMXHYHVGHOPHVGHDEULOXQDWDUGHVROHDGD\KHUPRVDHQ
ODWLHUUDGHQXHVWUR1REHO$UDFDWDFD´0DFRQGRµ
6LHQGRODVFXDWURGHODWDUGHOOHJXpDOSXHEORHQODPRWRTXH
PHWUDQVSRUWDEDWRGRVORVGtDVGHVSXéVGHXQDMRUQDGDODERUDODUGXD\H[WHQVD(QWUDPRVDXQDWLHQGDGLDJRQDODOSDUTXHDWRPDU
DOJRSDUDODVHG\UHDOL]DUHOSDJRDOFRQGXFWRUGHODPRWR
'HXQPRPHQWRDRWURHPSH]yXQDOHYHOORYL]QDTXHKL]R
UHEDMDUXQSRFRHOFDORULQWHQVR/ODPpDPLVXSHUYLVRUSDUDKDFHUOHXQDSUHJXQWDDFHUFDGHOGLOLJHQFLDPLHQWRGHXQIRUPDWRFXDQGR
ODSHUVRQDTXHPHFRQWHVWDUHVSRQGHVRUSUHQGLGD\DOJRDOHJUHSRU
PL OODPDGD PLUR OD SDQWDOOD GH PL WHOéIRQR« SRU HUURU OH KDEtD
PDUFDGRDXQDPLJRTXHOOHYDHOPLVPRQRPEUHGHPLVXSHUYLVRU
SDUDVDOLUELHQOLEUDGRGLMHTXHORTXHUtDVDOXGDU\VDEHUFómo estaED&ROJDPRVGHVSXéVGHXQSDUGHPLQXWRVODWDUGHVROHDGDKDEía
GHVDSDUHFLGRSRUFRPSOHWR\ODOHYHOORYL]QDVHHVWDEDFRQYLUWLHQGR
HQ XQ WRUUHQFLDO DJXDFHUR $OJXQDV SHUVRQDV UH]DEDQ DJUDGHFLGDV
SRUODOOXYLDRWUDVVHPRVWUDEDQXQSRFRDVXVWDGDVFXDQGRGHUHSHQWHXQUD\RSDUWHXQiUERODODPLWDG\VXVUHVWRVFXEUHQODYía
impidiendo el paso de los vehíFXORV
(ODJXDQRSDUD\FDGDYH]OOXHYHFRQPiVIXHU]DSHURDXQ
asíODPD\RUía de las personas estiQIHOLFHV\VHSUHSDUDQSDUDDOJR
tíSLFRGHOSXHEORVDOLUDWURWDUDOUHGHGRUGHOSDUTXH/XHJRGHXQ
UDWRODOOXYLDHPSLH]DDGLVPLQXLU\HVWRIDFLOLWDTXHODJHQWHDFXGDDO
HQFXHQWURGHSRUWLYRWURWDUMXJDUEDOóQMXJDUDORVFRJLGRV7RGRV
63
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
GHVFDO]RVJUDQGHV\FKLFRVVHGLYLHUWHQEDMRODOOXYLD\DJUDGHFHQDO&UHDGRUSRUODEHQGLcióQGHODJXDHQXQDWLHUUDWDQiULGD\VHFD
(VWRQRVHQVHxDTXHVLHPSUHGHEHPRVHVWDUDJUDGHFLGRVFRQORTXHWHQHPRV\TXH
DOPDOWLHPSREXHQDFDUD
64
M
Margarita
Autor:7tD3LROD
HGHOOtQFLXGDGGHHWHUQDSULPDYHUDWDUGHFDOXURVDFRQJHVWLyQHQODVFDOOHVSLWRVDPELHQWHSHVDGRJHQWHTXHYLHQH\
YD«3DUHFHTXHWRGDODFLXGDGVDEHTXHHV«£ÀQGHSUR\HFWR
5LQQQJ«OODPDGDGHODVXSHUYLVRUD¢$ORRR"«UHXQLyQHQ
HOKRWHO£2KQR\\RWDQOHMRV5HJUHVRHQHOPHWURSDUDTXHPH
ULQGDHOWLHPSRPHEDMRHQODHVWDFLyQ6DQ$QWRQLRUHFXHUGRTXH
IXH OD SULPHUD HVWDFLyQ TXH FRQRFt (VWD HVWDFLyQ IXH PL EU~MXOD
DOOtPHRULHQWDEDDOOtPHVHQWtDVHJXUDDOOtPHVHQWtDFHUFDGHPL
´KRWHOKRJDUµVLQH[DJHUDUWHUPLQpDPDQGRHVWDHVWDFLyQ«/OHJXp
HQPHQRVGHPLQXWRVDFDORUDGD\DQVLRVD1RWRGRVFXPSOHQ
ODFLWD«£\\RFRUULHQGR
/DVXSHUYLVRUDKDFHVXLQWURGXFFLyQ\UHFLELPRVODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVFRPRODPXHVWUDHVWiDJRWDGDSDUDHOFLHUUHGHVGH%RJRWi
DXWRUL]DQ FRQVHJXLU PLFURHPSUHVDV LQGXVWULDOHV TXH FXPSODQ ORV
UHTXLVLWRV \ DVt FRPSOHWDU OD PXHVWUD \ FHUUDU HO SUR\HFWR £<XSL
UHJUHVRDFDVDSURQWR(VDLQVWUXFFLyQQRVGLRODRSRUWXQLGDGGH
PHGLUQXHVWUDVKDELOLGDGHVSDUDFRQVHJXLUPLFURHPSUHVDVHQIUtR
DVtTXHVDOLPRVFRPRFDEDOOLWRVGHVERFDGRV0LFRPSDxHUDFRUULy
DODIiEULFDGHOHFKRQDVTXHWHQtDPRVFHUFD«\\RDODGHDUHSDV
£1R,QWHQWRIDOOLGRQRFXPSOtDQFRQORVUHTXLVLWRV«QRVHUtDIiFLO
(PSH]DPRVQXHVWUDE~VTXHGDFDGDXQDSRUVXODGRHOVROFDQGHQWHPHDFRPSDxDED\PLERWHOODGHDJXDVHDJRWDED«FDPLQpFDPLQp\FDPLQpEXVFDQGRPLFURHPSUHVDVSHURQDGDKDVWDTXHYHRXQ
DYLVR´)iEULFDGH%ROVRV\$FFHVRULRVµ£ODWHQJRQRWDPSRFRPH
VHUYtDSUHJXQWRVLVDEHQGHDOJXQDPLFURLQGXVWULDHQHVWHVHFWRU
6tDPHGLDFXDGUDHVWiODFHUUDMHUtDGHGRQ3XOJDUtQ«2NJUDFLDV
65
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
$PHQRVGHSDVRVKD\XQDFDVDYLHMDDQWLJXDVXSXHUWDHVWDEDDELHUWD«WLPEUp
\GHVGHDGHQWURJULWDQ£6LJD(QWURDXQODUJRSDVLOORO~JXEUHSDUHFHXQDFDVDGHPLHGR
MDMDMD$OIRQGRVHYHXQWDOOHUGHRUQDPHQWDFLyQ6LHUDGHRUQDPHQWDFLyQQRVpPXFKRGHLQGXVWULDVSHURVHSDUHFHDOWDOOHUGHOWtR&KHSLWR9LHQHDUHFLELUPHXQKRPEUH
GHVHPEODQWHDJUDGDEOHQRWpTXHVHTXLWyFRQUDSLGH]VXFDUHWDGHVROGDUSXHVHVWDED
GHVSHOXFDGRDGHPiVOLPSLDEDVXVPDQRVFRQXQSHGD]RGHSDxRYLHMR\VXFLRDOOOHJDU
PHWHQGLyVXPDQRFRUGLDOPHQWHFRPREXHQSDLVDJHQWHFiOLGD\DPDEOH<HPSLH]R
PLODERUFRQYHQFLGDGHTXHORORJUDUtD\DVtIXH(QPLQXWRVHVWDEDVHQWDGDDOODGRGH
XQHVFULWRULROOHQRGHSHGD]RVGHKLHUURPDUFRVOODYHVSDSHOHVYDVRV\SROYR«PXFKR
SROYR'RQ3XOJDUtQDSXUDGROLPSLDED\\RLJXDOOHD\XGDEDSDUDWHQHUHVSDFLR\FRORFDU
HOFRPSXWDGRU,QLFLDPRVODHQWUHYLVWDGRQ3XOJDUtQPHFRQWHVWDED\GHFXDQGRHQYH]
GHFtD¢\XVWHGTXpGLFH0DUJDULWD"XQDPXMHUFRQWHVWDEDDPLVHVSDOGDV\KDEODEDQHQWUH
HOORVGLVFUHWDPHQWHPLUpDWUiV\QRYLDQDGLHQRHQWHQGt$VtWUDQVFXUUtDODHQWUHYLVWD
LJXDOODPXMHUFRPSDUWtDODVSUHJXQWDVUHVSXHVWDV\QXHVWUDVULVDV\RQRYHtDDODPXMHU
LQTXLHWDPLUpXQD\RWUDYH]YLDOIRQGRRWURVHxRUWUDEDMDQGRHOUXLGRGHODVPiTXLQDV
SHURDOQRYHUDODPXMHUPHLQTXLHWDEDPLFRUD]yQHPSH]yDODWLUDFHOHUDGRTXLVHDSXUDUODHQWUHYLVWDPHLPDJLQpHQXQPLQXWRPXFKDVPXFKDVFRVDVQLQJXQDEXHQDSHGtD
3DSLWR'LRVTXHPHSURWHJLHUD\FRQWLQXpTXHUtDHVWDU\DDIXHUDPHVHQWtDLQFyPRGD\
UHXELTXpODVLOODGHWDOPDQHUDTXHYLHUDTXLpQHVWDEDDPLVHVSDOGDV'RQ3XOJDUtQKDFH
XQDEURPD\UHtPRVODPXMHUUtHFRQQRVRWURV\GRQ3XOJDUtQGLFH²(OODHVWiIHOL]IHOL]
SRUTXHDOÀQXQDPXMHUHVWiHQFDVD\DFODUDHOODHVpOSRUTXHpOHVJD\4XHGpSHWULÀFDGDQRVDEtDTXHGHFLU\DOÀQSUHJXQWp²¢4XLpQ"²0DUJDULWD«²¢4XLpQ"²/DORUDOD
ORUD²¢&XiOORUD"²(VD²¢&XiO"²(VD«MDMDMD1RODYHtDHVWDEDDUULEDHQXQSDORGHO
WHFKRFXDQGRDOÀQODYHR«1RVHSXHGHQLPDJLQDUODULVDTXHPHGLRHUDLQFRQWURODEOH
\YROYtDVHU\RSXHVHVWDEDTXHVDOtDFRUULHQGR/DORUDUHtDFRQQRVRWURV«(UDODULVD\
YR]GHXQDPXMHUQRKDEtDGXGDIXHPX\SHURPX\GLYHUWLGRHVHPRPHQWR1RVDEtDTXH
GHFLUFDVLQRSXHGRYROYHUDUHWRPDUPLWUDEDMR(QPHGLRGHULVDV\EXUODV0DUJDULWD\
\RWHUPLQDPRVODHQWUHYLVWD6LWHQtDDOJRGHHVWUpVVHPHIXHWRGLWRJUDFLDVD0DUJDULWD
´ODORUDHQFXHVWDGRUDµ
*UDFLDVD'LRVJUDFLDVDODYLGDJUDFLDVD6(,KHFRQRFLGRRWUDPDQHUDGHWUDEDMDU
FRQRFHUJHQWH\OXJDUHVPDUDYLOORVRVRWUDPDQHUDGHYLYLU\FRQRFHUODKLVWRULDGH0DUJDULWD´ODORUDHQFXHVWDGRUDµTXHHQRWUDRSRUWXQLGDGFRQWDUp
66
E
Tierra de dragones
y vampiros
$XWRU/XF\ZHU
sta historia comienza con un viaje realizado a mediados del
PHVGHMXOLRGHODxR
6DOtGH%RJRWiKDFLDHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO&KRFyXQYLDMHEDVWDQWHDJUDGDEOH\DTXHFRQWDEDFRQFXDWURFRPSDxHURVGHWUDEDMR
FRQORVFXDOHVHQFLHUWRVPRPHQWRVGHPLYLGD\DKDEtDWHQLGROD
RSRUWXQLGDGGHFRPSDUWLUWHQtDPXFKDVH[SHFWDWLYDVDOVDEHUTXH
SRGUtD FRQRFHU XQ 'HSDUWDPHQWR PX\ SDUWLFXODU SXHVWR TXH HQ
muchas oportunidades escuché diferentes opiniones acerca de su
ELRGLYHUVLGDG\ORVGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHFXOWXUDTXHORFRQIRUPDQ
8QDYH]OOHJDPRVD4XLEGyQRVLQVWDODPRVHQXQKRWHOPX\SDUWLFXODUVXDGPLQLVWUDGRUXQVHxRUPX\UXGRQRVLQVWDOy\DOOtSDVDPRVODVSULPHUDVQRFKHVGHHVWDODUJDJLUDTXHQRVOOHYDUtDKDVWD
ORPiVSURIXQGRGHODVHOYDGHO&KRFy3DUDFRPHQ]DULQLFLDPRV
QXHVWURUHFRUULGRSRUGLIHUHQWHVFHQWURVSREODGRVGHOPXQLFLSLRGH
4XLEGy7RGRHVWHUHFRUULGRVHLQLFLDSRUHOUíR$WUDWRYLDMHVGH
\KRUDVGHUHFRUULGRHQXQDLQHVWDEOHFKDOXSDGRQGHWXYLPRVTXH
SHUPDQHFHUFRPRPRPLDVSDUDJXDUGDUHOHTXLOLEULR,QLFLDOPHQWH
OOHJDPRVDXQFHQWURSREODGROODPDGR/DV0HUFHGHVDOOtQRVTXHGDPRVDGRUPLUHQXQDFDVLWDGHWDEODFRPRODPD\RUtDGHYLYLHQGDV
GHO&KRFyHVWDFDVDHVWDEDKDELWDGDSRUQXHVWURVDPLJRVORVPXUFLpODJRVORVFXDOHVHQODVQRFKHVSUHVWDEDQYLJLODQFLD\QRVKDFtDQ
ODV URQGDV UHVSHFWLYDV KDVWD HO DPDQHFHU VLQ FRQWDU TXH GH FDPD
WHQtDPRVXQFROFKyQIDEULFDGRHQSDMDGHDUUR]\TXHVHJXUDPHQWH
HUDGHODSDVDGDJHQHUDFLyQ\DTXHWHQtDPXFKRVDOWLEDMRV$SDUWH
67
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
GH HVR WDPELpQ HVWDED PX\ ELHQ GRWDGR GH PXFKDV PDVFRWDV FRPR FKLQFKHV ODGLOODV
\GLIHUHQWHVFODVHVGHLQVHFWRVTXHQRVéGHVFULELU(ODPDQHFHUIXHGHOLFLRVRSRUHVWDU
DFRPSDxDGD\SHQVDUTXHHVWRDSHQDVHUDHOFRPLHQ]RGHXQDJUDQWUD\HFWRULD6HJXLPRV
navegando por el ríR$WUDWR\SDVDPRVSRUYDULRVFHQWURVSREODGRVFRPR(O-DJXDRXQ
OXJDUVLWXDGRDKRUDVGHOPXQLFLSLRGH4XLEGySDUDOOHJDUDOOiVDOLPRVHQODVKRUDVGH
ODPDxDQD\OOHJDPRVHQODQRFKH$ODOOHJDGDDOOtWXYLPRVTXHSHUPDQHFHUHQODFKDOXSD
PLHQWUDVTXHHOJXtDKDEODEDFRQORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHOFRQVHMRFRPXQLWDULRSDUDVDEHUVLSRGtDPRVLQJUHVDUDWUDEDMDUHQHVWHFHQWURSREODGR8QDYH]DXWRUL]DURQHOLQJUHVRDOFHQWUR
SREODGRQRVXELFDPRVHQXQDFDVLWDFRPXQLWDULD\DOGtDVLJXLHQWHFRPHQ]DPRVQXHVWUD
ODERU$OOtHVWXYLPRVWRGRHOWLHPSREDMRODOXSDGHSHUVRQDVTXHDOSDUHFHUQRHVWiQGH
DFXHUGRFRQODVYLVLWDVLQHVSHUDGDVWUDEDMDPRVGRVGtDV\OXHJRQRVWRFyHVSHUDUDOGtD
VLJXLHQWHSRUTXHHOUíRHVWDEDVHFR\QRSRGtDPRVVDOLUOXHJRUHJUHVDPRVQXHYDPHQWH
DOFHQWURSREODGR/DV0HUFHGHVGHVGHDOOtWUDEDMDPRV3XHUWR0XULOOR\%RFDGH1DXULWD
'tDVGHVSXpVUHJUHVDPRVD4XLEGySDUDDEDVWHFHUGHJDVROLQDHOPRWRUGHODFKDOXSD\GHVFDQVDUOXHJRSDVDPRVDOFHQWURSREODGR0RQWDxRGRQGHSHUPDQHFLPRVGtDV
\OXHJRVHJXLPRVSDUD7DGtD-HGHJD3XHUWR/OHUDV/D*UDQGH\UHJUHVDPRVD4XLEGy
HQFRQWUDQGRPXFKDVVRUSUHVDVDORODUJRGHHVWRVUHFRUULGRV0XFKRVGHHVRVFHQWURVSREODGRVVRQPDQLSXODGRVSRUJUXSRVDOPDUJHQGHODOH\\SDUDHOORVQXHVWUDSUHVHQFLDUHSUHVHQWDEDXQULHVJRSRUORFXDOHVWXYLPRVWRGRHOWLHPSRYLJLODGRV/DYHUGDGPHVHQWtD
PX\DVXVWDGDQXQFDKDEtDYLYLGRXQDVLWXDFLyQFRPRéVWDIXHPX\GLItFLOFRQVHJXLUTXLén
QRVSUHSDUDUDORVDOLPHQWRVDOSXQWRTXHQRVRWURVPLVPRVQRVYLPRVHQODQHFHVLGDG
GHFRFLQDUSXHVORVHQODWDGRVTXHOOHYiEDPRVVHQRVDJRWDURQ\QRQRVTXHGyRWUDTXH
SRQHUQRVHOGHODQWDO\SUHSDUDUQXHVWURVSURSLRVDOLPHQWRV«/DYHUGDGPHVHQWtFRPR
HQXQGHVDItRHQGRQGHWLHQHVTXHOXFKDUSRUODVXSHUYLYHQFLDSDUDSRGHUDYDQ]DUKDFLDOD
PHWD7RGRHVWRVLQFRQWDUFRQTXHHQODVKRUDVGHODWDUGHVDOHQXQRVLQVHFWRVOODPDGRV
´tapitas”,TXHQRVSLFDEDQSRUWRGRVODGRV\QRVGHMDEDQXQDVURQFKDVHQHOFXHUSRODV
FXDOHVGHVDSDUHFtDQGHVSXpVGHYDULRVGtDV
'HRWUDSDUWHHVPX\WULVWHYHUTXHDSDUWHGHHVWDUPRQRSROL]DGRVSRUDOJXQRVJUXSRV
TXHQRVéGHVFULELUWDPELpQHVWiQPDQLSXODGRVSRUORVH[SORWDGRUHVGHVXVULTXH]DVHVDV
SHUVRQDVVLQHVFU~SXORVTXHLQJUHVDQVXPDTXLQDULDSDUDH[SORWDFLyQGHORUR\RWURVPLQHUDOHVDFRPRGpOXJDUORFXDOWLHQHFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHVWUXLGRHOVXHORDGHPiVKDQYHQLGR
DFDEDQGRFRQWRGRHOHFRVLVWHPD(VDVtFRPRHOVXHOR\ODVIXHQWHVKtGULFDVGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO&KRFyHVWiQTXHGDQGRFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHVWUXLGDV\HQHOFRPSOHWRDEDQGRQR
4XLHURUHVFDWDUHOWUD\HFWRGHOFHQWURSREODGR/D*UDQGHDOFHQWURSREODGR3XHUWR
/OHUDVSRUTXHIXHXQYLDMHLQROYLGDEOH7RPDPRVHOULR$WUDWROXHJRHQWUDPRVSRUXQ
FDxRPX\UHGXFLGRFRPRXQRVGLH]PLQXWRVDOWHUPLQDUHVWHWUD\HFWRQRVHQFRQWUDPRV
FRQ OD FLpQDJD (O /LPyQ XQ VLWLR YHUGDGHUDPHQWH PiJLFR OOHQR GH FRORULGR GRQGH HO
D]XOGHODJXDVHFRQIXQGtDFRQHOYHUGHGHORVFHUURVHQGRQGHWRGRSDUHFtDLQWHUPLQDEOHSHURDVXYH]VHUHVSLUDEDXQDSD]DEVROXWDIXHXQDVHQVDFLyQLQH[SOLFDEOHDOJRTXH
68
Tierra de dragones
y vampiros
MDPiVKDEtDYLYLGR3DVDPRVODODJXQD\OOHJDPRVDODVHOYD«&UHRTXHHQYLGDVDQWHULRUHV
YLYtHQODVHOYDSRUTXHPHVHQWtPX\FyPRGDHQHVWHOXJDU'HDOOtUHJUHVDPRVD4XLEGy
\FRQWLQXDPRVHOYLDMHKDFLDHOPXQLFLSLRGH3L]DUUR(OKHFKRGHLUHQXQDDYLRQHWDIXH
PX\DQJXVWLDQWHPHVHQWtFRPRYRODQGRHQXQSDSHO£al menor error del piloto estaríaPRVSHUGLGRV/DYHUGDGHVTXHYRODUHQDYLRQHWDQRHVPLIXHUWH«/OHJDPRVD3L]DUUR
\DOGtDVLJXLHQWHUHDOL]DPRVQXHVWUDODERU/XHJRQRVWUDVODGDPRVD8QLyQ3LWDOLWRRWUD
WUDYHVtDWXYLPRVTXHHVSHUDUDTXHHOPDUHVWXYLHUDGHOHYDSDUDSRGHUVDOLUSXHVGHQRVHU
DVtQRVTXHGDUtDPRVDQFODGRVHQDOJ~QOXJDU6DOLPRVFRPRDODVGHODWDUGH\OOHJDPRV
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDODVGHODQRFKHVRUWHDQGRWRGDFODVHGHDGYHUVLGDGHVGHVGHODPDUHD
DOWDKDVWDQDYHJDUHQODQRFKHDODOX]GHODOXQD8QDYH]OOHJDPRVD8QLyQ3LWDOLWROD
SREODFLyQLQGtJHQDQRVUHFLELyPX\DPDEOHPHQWH\QRVDFRJLyHQVXFRPXQLGDGIXHXQD
H[SHULHQFLD~QLFD
1XHYDPHQWHPLWULVWH]DDOYHUTXHVRQVLWLRVPX\DSDUWDGRVGHODFLYLOL]DFLyQGRQGH
FDUHFHQGHWRGDFODVHGHFRPRGLGDGHVSHURDSHVDUGHWRGRVXJHQWHHVPX\QREOH\FRQ
XQJUDQFRUD]yQ0HVHQWtPX\RUJXOORVDSRUTXHWRGDYtDFRQVHUYDQWRGDVVXVFRVWXPEUHV
DQFHVWUDOHVFRPRODOHQJXDHOYHVWXDULRVXVDOLPHQWRVHWF
5HJUHVDPRVD3L]DUUR\QXHYDPHQWHD4XLEGy
6HJXLPRVQXHVWURUHFRUULGRSRUORVFHQWURVSREODGRVGHOVXUGH4XLEGyFRPR/RV
1DUDQMRV0XULQGy\0RWROGyOXHJRVHJXLPRVKDFLD(O6LHWH\HO'LHFLRFKRTXHVRQ
FHQWURVSREODGRVXELFDGRVKDFLDODVDOLGDSDUD0HGHOOtQSHURDOOtODVLWXDFLyQQRIXHPHMRU
$VtWHUPLQyQXHVWUDYLVLWDFRPRSRGHPRVYHUIXHXQDPSOLRUHFRUULGRHQGRQGH
VHSXGRHYLGHQFLDUODFDUHQFLDGHODSUHVHQFLDGHOJRELHUQRHQFXDQWRDYías \VHUYLFLRVS~EOLFRVDVtFRPRWDPELpQODDXVHQFLDGHODIXHU]DS~EOLFDSDUDFXLGDUQXHVWURSDWULPRQLR
7DPELpQVHSXHGHHYLGHQFLDUTXHKD\SHUVRQDVTXHVHGHGLFDQDGHVDQJUDUHO'HSDUWDPHQWRVLQWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHVHHVWiQDXWRGHVWUX\HQGR
69
70
A
Los muertos aún
están presentes
Autor: El Viajante
OYLVLWDUODFRPXQLGDGZD\XXGH0RQJXtPXQLFLSLRGH5LRKDFKDSDUDUHDOL]DUHQWUHYLVWDVDVXVPLHPEURVSDUDXQSUR\HFWR
GH6(,FRQRFLPRVXQDQLxDZD\XXFRQHOSHORPX\FRUWRORFXDO
QRHVXVXDOHQHVWDVHWQLDV
&RQYHUVDQGRFRQ=XUDLPDOtGHUFRPXQLWDULDOHSUHJXQWpHO
SRUTXpGHHVWR(OODPHGLMRTXHDOOOHJDUODVQLxDVDODHGDGGHOD
ÁRUHVGHFLUDODSULPHUDPHQVWUXDFLyQFXDQGR\DVRQ´FDVDGHUDVµ
HVWUDGLFLyQZD\XXVRPHWHUODVDOULWXDOGHODVGRFHOXQDVTXHFRQVLVWHHQTXHODVPXMHUHVPD\RUHVGHODIDPLOLD\GHODFRPXQLGDGDtVODQ
DODQLxDHQFHUUiQGRODGXUDQWHGRFHGtDVFRQVXVQRFKHVOHFRUWDQ
HOSHOR\ODLQVWUX\HQVREUHORVGHEHUHVFRQ\XJDOHV\ORVTXHKDFHUHV
GHOKRJDU$SDUWLUGHHVHLQVWDQWHVRQRIHUWDGDVDPLHPEURVGHODV
GLIHUHQWHVFDVWDVTXHSUHVHQWDQFRPRGRWHFKLYRVUHVHVFDEDOORV
RHQVXGHIHFWRGLQHURHQHIHFWLYRFX\RPRQWRRFDQWLGDGHVDFRUGDGRSRUORVSDGUHVGHODQLxDRSRULQWHUPHGLRGHOSDODEUHURFRQ
HOLQWHUHVDGR
(VWRORFRUURERUpHQODFRPXQLGDGGH&DPDURQHVPX\FHUFD
GH 5LRKDFKD $OOt SDUD TXH SHUPLWLHUDQ KDFHU HO WUDEDMR QRV UHXQLPRVFRQODDXWRULGDGPD\RUGHODUDQFKHUtDTXHHVHOHJLGDSRU
ORVPLHPEURVGHODFRPXQLGDG(QHVWHFDVRHUDXQDQFLDQRGH
DxRVTXHQRKDEODEDHVSDxROSRUORTXHQHFHVLWDPRVXQLQWpUSUHWH
TXLHQDVXYH]HUDHOHQFDUJDGRGHUHDOL]DUODVGLOLJHQFLDVHQGLIHUHQWHVGHVSDFKRVHUDXQDHVSHFLHGHVHFUHWDULR0HFRUUHVSRQGLy
71
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
HQWUHYLVWDUDODDXWRULGDGPD\RU\PHVRUSUHQGLyFRQRFHUDODHVSRVDTXHHUDXQDMRYHQGH
DxRV\WHQtDQGRVDxRVGHFDVDGRV
$OHQWUHYLVWDUDRWURLQGtJHQDOODPDGR*DE\VXFHGLyDOJRPX\SDUWLFXODU/DVSULPHUDVSUHJXQWDVGHOIRUPXODULRKDFtDQUHIHUHQFLDDOQ~PHURGHKLMRV\ODHQWUHYLVWDWUDQVFXUUtDGHPDQHUDQRUPDOSHUR\DÀQDOL]DQGRDQWHXQDVSUHJXQWDVUHIHUHQWHVDODDFWLYLGDG
DFWXDOGHORVKLMRV*DE\PHUHVSRQGHTXHXQRGHHOORV\DKDEtDIDOOHFLGRDOJXQRVDxRV
DWUiV6LQHPEDUJRHQODVUHVSXHVWDVDQWHULRUHV*DE\PHKDEtDKDEODGRGHpOFRPRVLHVWXYLHUDSUHVHQWH/HSUHJXQWpSRUTXpVHUHIHUtDDOGLIXQWRGHHVDPDQHUD\PHDFODUyTXH
QROHKDEtDQKHFKRHOHQWLHUURVHFXQGDULRSRUORFXDOpOSHUPDQHFtDSUHVHQWHHQWUHHOORV
$QWHHVWDVLWXDFLyQWXYHTXHUHWURFHGHUHQODHQWUHYLVWDSDUDFDPELDUODVUHVSXHVWDVTXHPH
KDEtDGDGR(VWRPHLPSXOVyDLQGDJDUVREUHODVFRVWXPEUHV\WUDGLFLRQHVGHORVHQWLHUURV
0HFRQWyTXHHOHQWLHUURSULPDULRSXHGHOOHJDUDGXUDUKDVWDRFKRGtDVHVSHUDQGR
TXHOOHJXHQORVIDPLOLDUHVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQOHMRVGLVHPLQDGRVHQOD*XDMLUDFRORPELDQD
RYHQH]RODQDSXHVDORVSDLVDQRVQROHVGLFHQDGDODOtQHDIURQWHUL]D(QHVWRVYHORULRVVH
FRPHFKLYRFDEURUHV\VHEHEHFKLUULQFKLRZKLVN\GHDFXHUGRDODLPSRUWDQFLDRFDSDFLGDGHFRQyPLFDGHOGLIXQWRRVXVIDPLOLDUHV(OHQWLHUURVHFXQGDULRVHUHDOL]DFLQFRDxRV
GHVSXpVGHOHQWLHUURSULPDULRSXHGHWHQHUODPLVPDGXUDFLyQTXHHOSULPHUHQWLHUUR\VHU
PiVLPSRUWDQWHSXHVHQHVWHHOHVStULWXGHOGLIXQWRSXHGHYLDMDUD´MHSLUUDµOXJDUGRQGH
GHVFDQVDQORVHVStULWXV(QHOVHJXQGRHQWLHUURODVSULQFLSDOHVSURWDJRQLVWDVVRQODVPXMHUHVGHPD\RUHGDGGHODIDPLOLDDTXLpQHVOHVFRUUHVSRQGHOLPSLDUORVYHVWLJLRVGHFDUQH
TXHWRGDYtDSRVHHODRVDPHQWD\RUJDQL]DUODHQVXXUQD$HVWHVHJXQGRHQWLHUURLJXDOTXH
VXFHGHHQHOSULPDULRDVLVWHQWRGRVORVIDPLOLDUHVGHOGLIXQWR
(VWDHVXQDGHWDQWDVWUDGLFLRQHVTXHFRQVHUYDHVWDHWQLDTXHVHKDDGDSWDGRDODV
FRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDVWDQDGYHUVDV\GXUDVGHOGHVLHUWRJXDMLUR
'HELGRDTXHODOHQJXDGHORVZD\XXQRWLHQHHVFULWXUDODWUDQVPLVLyQGHVXVFUHHQFLDV\WUDGLFLRQHVVHKDFHGHIRUPDRUDO7UDGLFLRQHVTXHKDQSHUGXUDGRHQXQSXHEORTXH
QRIXHFRQTXLVWDGRSRUORVHVSDxROHVSRUTXHVHDGDSWDURQDORVFDPELRV\XWLOL]DURQVXV
PLVPRVPHGLRVFRPRHOFDEDOOR\ODVDUPDVGHIXHJRSHURTXHKR\HVWiVLHQGRGHUURWDGR
SRUODFRUUXSFLyQ\ORVSROtWLFRV
72
$XWRU1HOO\$QJDULWD
Pensamientos equivocados
9
GHQRYLHPEUHGHXQDIUtDPDGUXJDGDHQ%RJRWiOOHQDGH
LQFHUWLGXPEUHHPSH]yPLYLDMHKDFLDODTXHHQHVHHQWRQFHVHUD
SDUDPtODGHVFRQRFLGD=LSDTXLUi«
/DVSUHQGDVGHYHVWLUORV]DSDWRVORVREVHTXLRVHOSRUWiWLO
HOGLQHUR\ODVJDQDVGHGDULQLFLRDPLODERUHQHOSUR\HFWRIXHURQ
PLHTXLSDMH
+HUPRVDODYLVWDGXUDQWHHOUHFRUULGRSHURHOFDQVDQFLRORJUyTXHPLVRMRVVHFHUUDUDQJUDQSDUWHGHOFDPLQR
$O OOHJDU HO FOLPD HUD D~Q PiV IUtR TXH HO GH %RJRWi SHUR
PX\ERQLWRHOKRWHOGRQGHQRVKRVSHGDPRVHUDXQHGLÀFLRFRQ
DPSOLRV DSDUWDPHQWRV PX\ FyPRGR FHUFDQR DO SDUTXH GH OD ,QGHSHQGHQFLD OR TXH OODPDQ OD =RQD 5RVD GH =LSDTXLUi OOHQR GH
UHVWDXUDQWHVEDUHV\PLIDYRULWR«£&DIp6HQVDFLyQFRQVXVPHVDV
FXELHUWDVSRUSDUDJXDVGLVSXHVWDVSDUDSDVDUXQUDWRDJUDGDEOHGLVIUXWDQGRXQGHOLFLRVRFDIpIXHUWHHQODQRFKHGHVSXpVGHXQGtDGH
LQWHQVDODERU
<RDFRVWXPEUDGDDJXDUGDUHOFHOXODU\FXDOTXLHUREMHWRGH
YDORUSDUDTXHQRORQRWHQODVGHPiVSHUVRQDVHQ%RJRWiSHURDOOt
HUDDOJRGLIHUHQWHQRWpTXHWRGDVODVSHUVRQDVVDOtDQFRQVXFHOXODU
HQODPDQR\GHMDEDQODVELFLFOHWDVHQODVHQWUDGDVGHODVWLHQGDVVLQ
PD\RUSUHRFXSDFLyQ
0LVPDOHWDVTXHGDURQHQODSXHUWDPLHQWUDV\RXQWDQWRQHUYLRVDFDPLQDEDMXQWRDOPHGLDQDPHQWHMRYHQ\EDUEDGRDGPLQLVWUDGRUGHOKRWHO'HUHSHQWHVXYR]JUDYHFHUFDQDDORtGRVXVXUUy
73
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
GpMHODVDKtQRSDVDQDGDPiVWUDQTXLODHQWRQFHVFRQWLQXp$OUHJUHVDUDODSXHUWD£PLV
PDOHWDVVHJXtDQDKt«£4XHDJUDGDEOHVHQVDFLyQ
'XUDQWHODVQRFKHVHQODKDELWDFLyQGHVSXpVGHUHDOL]DUHOUHSRUWHKDELWXDOHQPL
FDEH]DURQGDEDQWRGRVORVKRJDUHVTXHKDEtDPRVYLVLWDGRHQQXHVWUDMRUQDGDODERUDO
7DQWRVQLxRVPHQRUHVGHVHLVDxRVLQWHOLJHQWHV\DFWLYRVRWURVWDQUHWUDtGRV\SRFR
GLVSXHVWRVDODVDFWLYLGDGHV«PHGLFXHQWDGHTXHORVUHFXUVRVHFRQyPLFRVLQÁX\HQPXFKRHQHOLQWHOHFWR\HOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHORVPHQRUHV
&XDQGRORVQLxRVFXHQWDQFRQWRGRVORVHOHPHQWRVSDUDSUDFWLFDUDFWLYLGDGHVO~GLFDVUHFUHDWLYDV\ODFRPSDxtDDJUDGDEOHGHDGXOWRVFRPSURPHWLGRVFRQVXHGXFDFLyQ
UHDOPHQWHVHQRWD
(Q XQR GH ORV KRJDUHV QRV HQFRQWUDPRV FRQ XQDV JHPHODV UXELDV PHQRUHV GH
VHLVDxRVTXLHQHVDSHVDUGHVHUItVLFDPHQWHLGpQWLFDVWHQtDQSHUVRQDOLGDGHVWRWDOPHQWH
RSXHVWDVWDQWRTXHPLHQWUDVXQDGHHOODVMXJDEDDODVSULQFHVDV\ODVPXxHFDVODRWUDMXJDEDDORVSLUDWDV\ORVFDUURVGHFDUUHUDV
(QFRQWUiQGRQRVHQODVDODODHQFXHVWDGRUD\\RTXHGDPRVVRUSUHQGLGDVFXDQGROD
PDGUHGHODVJHPHODVXQDMRYHQGHFDEHOORUXELRHVWDWXUDSURPHGLR\FXHUSRGHOJDGR
GXUDQWHODDFWLYLGDGFRQYR]HQWUHFRUWDGD\OiJULPDVHQVXURVWURH[FODPDED£<RFUHRTXH
VR\XQDPDODPDGUH£<DQRVpTXpPiVKDFHUSDUDTXHPLVKLMDVPHYHDQFRQUHVSHWR\PL
PDPiGHMHGHGHVDXWRUL]DUPHIUHQWHDHOODVREHGHFHQPiVDPLPDPiTXHDPt
/DHQFXHVWDGRUDPHPLUDEDVLQSURQXQFLDUSDODEUD<RVLQSRGHUUHDOL]DUGLDJQyVWLFRVQLSVLFROyJLFRVQLGHQLQJ~QWLSRLQWHQWDQGRFDOPDUDODMRYHQPDGUHOHGLMH1R
VHSUHRFXSHFDGDSHUVRQDVREUHWRGRXQDPDGUHVLJXLHQGRVXLQVWLQWRVDEHORTXHGHEH
KDFHUHQWRGRVORVPRPHQWRVTXHVXVKLMRVORUHTXLHUHQ
/DMRYHQFDPLQyKDFLDHOEDxRWRPyXQWUR]RGHSDSHOOLPSLyVXURVWUR\DOUHJUHVDUDODVDODPHGLMR£*UDFLDV/DHQFXHVWDGRUDVRQULy\RVHQWtDOLYLRGDGRTXHIXHURQ
GRVRWUHVPLQXWRVGHDTXHOOODQWRSHURSDUDPtSDUHFLyXQDHWHUQLGDG
(VDWDUGHQRVpSRUTXpSHURVHQWtTXHKDEtDKHFKRDOJRSURYHFKRVRSRUDTXHOOD
PDGUHFRQWDQVRORXQDVSRFDVSDODEUDV
(QRWURGHORVKRJDUHVHQHOSLVRGHODVDODHQFRQWUDPRVXQDQLxDGHDxRVGH
JUDQGHVRMRVFDIpVFDEHOORFRUWRQHJUR\XQDVLQJXODUIRUPDGHFDPLQDUWUDWDQGRGHLPLWDUDVXPDPi
(VWDSHTXHxLWDQRVEULQGyXQÀQDOGHWDUGHPX\JUDFLRVR(QVXVDODVHQWDGDHQ
ODVFiOLGDVEDOGRVDVGHFDXFKR\GLULJLGDSRUODHQFXHVWDGRUDVHPRVWUyPX\GLVSXHVWD
DSDUWLFLSDU5HDOL]DEDFDGDDFWLYLGDGVLQUHSDURSHURDOOOHJDUDOD~OWLPDGHUHSHQWHVH
OHYDQWyWRPRVXEROVLWRURVDGR\FRQYR]PX\GXOFHH[FODPy£<DQRPiV6XPDPi
ODHQFXHVWDGRUD\\RVRUSUHQGLGDVLQWHQWDPRVSHUVXDGLUODGHFRQWLQXDU/DHQFXHVWDGRUD
OHGLMR£9HQQRVIDOWDHVWHMXHJXLWR&RQVXPLUDGDLQGLIHUHQWHUHSOLFy£1R£1R£1R
£1R£<RWHQJRPXFKDVFRVDVTXHKDFHU6HDFRPRGyHOEROVLWRHQHOKRPEURVHGLULJLy
74
Pensamientos equivocados
UiSLGDPHQWHDVXKDELWDFLyQ\FHUUyODSXHUWD6LQGHMDURSRUWXQLGDGGHFRQYHQFHUODSDUD
UHJUHVDUDODDFWLYLGDGÀQDO
,QPHGLDWDPHQWHHQWUHVXPDPiODHQFXHVWDGRUD\\RODVULVDVRPHMRUODVFDUFDMDGDV
QRVHKLFLHURQHVSHUDU1RVUHWLUDPRVGHHVHKRJDUFRQODVHQVDFLyQGHKDEHUWUDWDGRFRQ
XQDQLxDTXHMXJDEDDVHUJUDQGHFRQHOVXÀFLHQWHSRGHUGHGHFLVLyQTXHHQRFDVLRQHVOH
IDOWDDPXFKRVDGXOWRV
(OGHIHEUHURGHDOWHUPLQDUPLODERUPHGLFXHQWDGHWRGRORTXHXQD
SHUVRQDSXHGHDSUHQGHUGHORVSUR\HFWRVHQORVTXHSDUWLFLSDSXHVWRTXHFDGDXQRGHHOORV
QRV EULQGD DPSOLD LQIRUPDFLyQ \ FDSDFLWDFLyQ VREUH GLYHUVRV WHPDV GH PXFKR LQWHUpV
GHVGHVXLQLFLRKDVWDVXÀQDO
75
76
Autor: Juan López
Vivir y sentir, Bojayá entre
el recuerdo y el olvido
&
XDUHQWD \ QXHYH QLxRV WUHLQWD DGXOWRV PXHUWRV \ PiV GH XQ
FHQWHQDUGHKHULGRVGHMyODH[SORVLyQGHXQFLOLQGURERPED
ODQ]DGRSRUODJXHUULOODGHODV)$5&HOGRVGHPD\RGH+DFH
WUHFHDxRVHVWDQRWLFLDOHGDEDODYXHOWDDOPXQGR)XHODWUDJHGLDGH
%RMD\iXQPXQLFLSLRHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO&KRFy
$ ÀQDOHV GHO PHV GH RFWXEUH GHO DxR QRV DFHUFDPRV
a este municipio cuatro personas pertenecientes al grupo tres del
HTXLSRJHQHUDOGHFDPSRGH6(,GHGLFDGRHQHVHPRPHQWRDOD
WRPDGHLQIRUPDFLyQGHODPXHVWUDGHOD(16$%,9
La llegada a este municipio la realizamos por la capital del
GHSDUWDPHQWR 4XLEGy ([LVWtDQ GRV IRUPDV GH OOHJDU OD SULPHUD
HUDYRODUHQXQDDYLRQHWDFRQFDSDFLGDGSDUDVLHWHSHUVRQDVODFXDO
SDUWtDGHODHURSXHUWR(O&DUDxRGH4XLEGy\DWHUUL]DEDHQODSLVWD
GHOPXQLFLSLR9LJtDGHO)XHUWHSHUWHQHFLHQWHDOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH
$QWLRTXLDDGLH]PLQXWRVGH%RMD\i(VWHYXHORGHPRUDEDTXLQFH
PLQXWRVSRUORFXDOHUDODIRUPDPiVFRQYHQLHQWH8QDYH]GHFLGLGRVOOHJDPRVDODHURSXHUWR(O&DUDxRDODXQDGHODWDUGHFRPR
ORKDEtDPRVDFRUGDGRFRQODHPSUHVDTXHQRVSUHVWDUtDHOVHUYLFLR
GHYXHOR(QFRQWUDPRVDOGHVSDFKDGRUTXHQRVGLRDOJXQDVLQGLFDFLRQHV'HVSXpVGHHVSHUDUWUHVKRUDVODDYLRQHWDTXHVHJ~QHOORV
YHQtDGHVGH0HGHOOtQQRVWRFyVDOLUGHDOOt\WRPDUODRSFLyQGRV(V
GHFLUGLULJLUQRVDOSXHUWRGH4XLEGySDUDQHJRFLDU\FRQWUDWDUXQD
ODQFKDUiSLGDPRWRUTXHQRVOOHYDUtDHQXQWLHPSRGHFXDWUR
KRUDVSRUHOUtR$WUDWRKDVWD%RMD\i1RVHPEDUFDPRVVDELHQGRORV
77
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
SHOLJURVH[LVWHQWHVHQGLFKRUtRQRVRODPHQWHSRUVXFDXGDOVLQRSRUODFRPSOHMLGDGGHO
RUGHQS~EOLFRHQXQOXJDUFRPRHVWHPHWLGRHQODVHOYDK~PHGD\HVSHVD
4XLQFHPLQXWRVGHVSXpVGHDUUDQFDUWXYLPRVTXHUHDOL]DUQXHVWUDSULPHUDSDUDGD
VREUHHODJXDVHWUDWDEDGHXQDLQVSHFFLyQMXLFLRVDDQXHVWURHTXLSDMH\PDWHULDOGHWUDEDMR
SRUSDUWHGHOHMpUFLWR\XQDWRPDGHGDWRVVHJXLGDGHDOJXQDVSUHJXQWDVGHUXWLQDTXHIXHURQDQRWDGDVHQXQOLEURFRUURtGRSRUODKXPHGDG\ODPDQLSXODFLyQ&RQHOYLVWREXHQR
GHORVPLOLWDUHVSURVHJXLPRVQXHVWURYLDMHPHWLpQGRQRVFDGDPLQXWRHQXQHFRVLVWHPD
TXHSDUDWRGRVKDVWDHOPRPHQWRHUDGHVFRQRFLGR\TXHQRVGHVOXPEUDEDWDQWRSRUVX
EHOOH]DFRPRSRUVXLQFOHPHQFLD/RVFDVHUtRVTXHSRGtDPRVYHUFROLQGDQGRFRQHOUtR
GHMDEDQYHUODSREUH]DGHODJHQWHGHHVWH'HSDUWDPHQWR'RVKRUDVGHFDPLQR\RWUR
UHWpQHVWDYH]DQXQFLDGRSRUXQDOX]GHOLQWHUQDTXHQRVDSXQWyDODODQFKDKDFLHQGR
XQPRYLPLHQWRGHDUULEDDEDMRHQVHxDOGHSDUH1RSXHGRDVHJXUDUTXHKD\DVLGRSRU
SDUWHGHVHUYLGRUHVS~EOLFRVSHURODUXWLQDIXHODPLVPDSUHJXQWDV\FKHTXHRGHWRGDVODV
PDOHWDV\FDMDVFRQODVTXHFRQWiEDPRV3URVHJXLPRVQXHVWURYLDMHH[WDVLiQGRQRVFRQOD
JUDQGH]DGHODFUHDFLyQ\GHVLOXVLRQiQGRQRVFRQODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHOKRPEUHHQODPLVPD
PLQDVWDODVFRQWDPLQDFLyQ
1XHVWURDUULERD%RMD\iVHGLRÀQDOPHQWHDODVVHLV\WUHLQWDGHODWDUGHGHHVHGtD
FXDQGRHOVRO\DVHHVFRQGtD\VHDYHFLQDEDODQRFKH8QDQRFKHDODFXDOOHJXDUGiEDPRV
HOUHVSHWR\HOWHPRUTXHLQVSLUDHOHVWDUDNLOyPHWURVGHODFLYLOL]DFLyQ\FRQRFLHQGROR
KRVWLOTXHVHSRGUtDSUHVHQWDUVLDOJROOHJDVHDRFXUULU1RVXELFDPRVHQXQKRWHOFRQVWUXLGRVREUHHODJXDURGHDGRGHEDUFDV\FDQRDVHQGRQGHQRVGLVSXVLPRVDGHVFDQVDU
$OGtDVLJXLHQWHQRVOHYDQWDPRVWHPSUDQRSDUDSRGHURUJDQL]DUQXHVWURDVSHFWR\
QXHVWURWUDEDMR(UDQODVVLHWHGHODPDxDQD0DxDQDHQODTXHQRVGLVSXVLPRVDXELFDU
ORVVHJPHQWRVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODPXHVWUDTXHQRVKDEtDVLGRDVLJQDGDGHVGH%RJRWi
$OKDFHUXQUHFRUULGRSRUHOPXQLFLSLRQRKDOODPRVORVVHJPHQWRVVHQRVKDFtDUDUDOD
FDUWRJUDItDTXHWHQtDPRVSXHVWRTXHQRFRLQFLGtDJHRJUiÀFDPHQWHFRQQLQJXQDGHODV
PDQ]DQDV\VHJPHQWRVYLVWRVHQFDPSR$OLUDOHQFXHQWURGHXQDDXWRULGDGSDUDSRGHU
VROXFLRQDUQXHVWUDLQTXLHWXGSXGLPRVGDUQRVFXHQWDTXHGLFKRVVHJPHQWRVSHUWHQHFtDQ
D%HOOD9LVWD9LHMRFRPRVHFRQRFtDHOOXJDUHQGRQGHWLHPSRDWUiVODJHQWHKDELWDED
'HVSXpVGHODPDVDFUHODJHQWHFRQD\XGDGHOJRELHUQRIXHUHXELFDGDHQHOOXJDUHQHOTXH
QRVHQFRQWUiEDPRVTXHDKRUDWHQtDHOQRPEUHGH%HOOD9LVWD1XHYR/ODPDPRVD%RJRWi
SDUDFRPHQWDUODVLWXDFLyQ\REWHQHUXQDUHVSXHVWD1RVGLMHURQTXHUHDOL]iUDPRVXQRV
PDSDVFDUWRJUiÀFRV\ORVHQYLiUDPRVSDUDTXHHQODWDUGHRDFRPLHQ]RGHORWURGtDQRV
IXHVHHQYLDGRHOPDWHULDOSDUDUHDOL]DUHOOHYDQWDPLHQWRPXHVWUDO
$OFRQRFHUTXHORVPDSDVSHUWHQHFtDQDXQOXJDUHQHOTXHODJHQWHQRKDELWDED\
VDELHQGRODUD]yQQRVHQWUyODFXULRVLGDGGHDFHUFDUQRVDHVHOXJDUGRORURVRSDUDPXFKRV
GHHOORV)XLPRVDOVLWLRGHHPEDUTXHDSUHJXQWDUODSRVLELOLGDGGHLU\HOSUHFLRGHOUHFRUULGRGLH]PLOSHVRVSRUFDGDXQRGLMRXQRGHHOORVDFHSWDPRVVXRIHUWD\QRVVXELPRVD
78
Vivir y sentir, Bojayá entre el recuerdo y el olvido
ODFDQRDFRQPRWRUXELFiQGRQRVHQODVVLOODVGHSOiVWLFR(OUHFRUULGRGH%HOOD9LVWD
1XHYRD%HOOD9LVWD9LHMRWDUGyFLQFRPLQXWRV
&XHQWDHOPRWRULVWDTXHHUDQODVGLH]GHODPDxDQDGHXQGRPLQJRFXDQGRIXHUWHV
LQWHUFDPELRV GH GLVSDURV HQWUH ODV )$5& \ ORV SDUDPLOLWDUHV REOLJDURQ D OD SREODFLyQ D
EXVFDUUHIXJLRHQOD,JOHVLD6DQ3DEOR$SyVWROSHURQLVLTXLHUDHVRHYLWyXQDGHODVSHRUHV
PDVDFUHVRFXUULGDVHQQXHVWURSDtV7RGRVORVKDELWDQWHVHVWDEDQFRQYHQFLGRVGHTXHOD
LJOHVLD\ODFDVDGHODV+HUPDQDV$JXVWLQDVHUDQORVUHIXJLRVPiVVHJXURVKDVWDHVHGRPLQJRFXDQGRXQFLOLQGURODQ]DGRSRUODV)$5&SRUHOODGRQRUWHGHOPXQLFLSLRLPSDFWy
HQODSDUWHDOWDGHODLJOHVLD\FDXVyXQGHVDVWUHGHJUDQGHVGLPHQVLRQHV+D\SHUVRQDVD
TXLHQHVHVWDPDVDFUHOHVTXLWySDUWHVGHVXFXHUSRXQRVGHVXVIDPLOLDUHV\DDOJXQRVVX
IDPLOLDHQWHUD
(OSDQRUDPDGHHVWHOXJDUHQDOJXQRVHVSDFLRVWDSDGRSRUODYHJHWDFLyQHVGHVRODGRU6HVLHQWHXQDHQHUJtDSHVDGDSODJDGDSRUHOGRORUODWULVWH]DODDQJXVWLD\ORVPDORV
UHFXHUGRVGHVXJHQWH1RLQVSLUDRWUDFRVDPiVTXHHOUHSXGLR\ODDQJXVWLDGHXQSXHEOR
LQRFHQWHTXHQRHQWLHQGHSRUTXpVHWLHQHTXHYHULQYROXFUDGRHQODYLROHQFLD\HQWRGDV
VXVQHIDVWDVFRQVHFXHQFLDV'HHVWHOXJDU\DQRTXHGDQDGDDODLJOHVLDODUHFRQVWUX\HURQ
FRQORTXHTXHGy\KR\VLUYHFRPRYLWULQDSHQRVD\HVFDQGDORVDGHQXHVWUDUHDOLGDG/DV
+HUPDQDV$JXVWLQDVKDQSDUWLGRKDFHXQWLHPSRDOQRVRSRUWDUHOUHFXHUGRDPDUJRGH
DTXHOGtD\ORVSREODGRUHVQRVHDFHUFDQSDUDHYLWDUTXHORVUHVTXLFLRVTXHD~QH[LVWHQ
WUDLJDQDVXVPHPRULDVLPiJHQHVTXHQXQFDKXELHVHQTXHULGRYHU\TXHHVSHUDQHQVX
SDVRSRUHVWHPXQGRQRYROYHUDYLYLU
+R\ GtD PXFKDV SHUVRQDV SHUWHQHFLHQWHV DO OXJDU FDOODQ DO VHU SUHJXQWDGDV SRU
DTXHOHSLVRGLRDOJXQRVSRUPLHGRDUHSUHVDOLDV\RWURVVLPSOHPHQWHSRUHYLWDUUHYLYLUXQ
PRPHQWRWDQWUiJLFR1XHVWUDYLVLWDDHVWHPXQLFLSLRTXHGDHQODPHPRULDHQHOUHFXHUGR
SHURODPDVDFUHSDUDHO'HSDUWDPHQWR\SDUDHOSDtVWLHQGHDTXHGDUHQHOROYLGR
´5HFXHUGRTXHHOGRVGHPD\R
)HFKDTXHQRROYLGR\R
Pasó un caso en Bella Vista
El mundo entero conmovió
/DV)$5&lanzó una pipeta
&D\yGHQWURGHODLJOHVLD
&XDQGR\RHQWUpDODLJOHVLD
Y vi a la gente destrozada
6HPHDSUHWyHOFRUD]yQ
0LHQWUDVPLVRMRVOORUDEDQµ
Don Domingo
&DQWDQWHGH%RMD\i
79
80
U
Juntos en Candelaria
Autor: NYX
QGtDOXHJRGHWHUPLQDUQXHVWURWUDEDMRGHFDPSRHQ6DQ)HUQDQGRHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH%ROtYDUWRGRVHVWiEDPRVDOD
H[SHFWDWLYD SRU HO YLDMH D XQ QXHYR PXQLFLSLR 8QR GH QXHVWURV
FRPSDxHURVTXH\DVHHQFRQWUDEDHQHVHOXJDUSRUGHFLVLyQGHOD
VXSHUYLVRUDQRVFRQWDEDFRVDVQRPX\SRVLWLYDVGHHVHOXJDUHQWUH
HOODVTXHGHEtDPRVOOHYDUDJXDSRUTXHDOOiQRKDEtDDJXDSRWDEOH
6LQHPEDUJRQRVRWURVGHVHiEDPRVOOHJDUDXQOXJDUGLIHUHQWH\DVt
SDVyQXHVWUD~OWLPDQRFKHHQ6DQ)HUQDQGR
$PDQHFLy \ D ODV FLQFR GH OD PDxDQD GHFLGLPRV FRORFDU
nuestras maletas en las motos para iniciar el recorrido con destino
DOPXQLFLSLRGH&DQGHODULD1RLPDJLQiEDPRVTXHHVWHVHUtDTXL]iVHOUHFRUULGRPiVSHVDGRGHODUXWDDVLJQDGDSDUDQXHVWURSUR\HFWRGH-XQWRVHQHVHHQWRQFHV(UDXQDFDUUHWHUDGHVWDSDGDGH
FRORUURML]ROOHQDGHKXHFRVÌEDPRVPX\LQFyPRGRVHQPHGLRGHO
SROYR\FRQQXHVWUDVPDOHWDVGHJUDQWDPDxRTXHQRVWDOODEDQHQ
ODHVSDOGD'HVSXpVGHWUHVKRUDVGHUHFRUULGRÀQDOPHQWHOOHJDPRV
DOPXQLFLSLR
1XHVWURFRPSDxHUR4XLTXHTXH\DWHQtDXQGtDGHHVWDUDKt
\KDEtDWHQLGRODH[SHULHQFLDGHKDEHUGRUPLGRHQHVWHPXQLFLSLR
QRVVDOXGyFRQDOHJUtDSHURHQVXURVWURH[SUHVDEDTXHODVFRVDVQR
DQGDEDQWDQELHQFRPRORLPDJLQiEDPRV/XHJRGHD\XGDUQRVFRQ
ODVPDOHWDV\SUHVHQWDUQRVDODGXHxDGHOOXJDUGRQGHVHUtDQXHVWUR
QXHYRKRJDUQRVGLULJLPRVDGHVD\XQDUDXQOXJDUSRFRXVXDOGRQGHDOJXLHQFRQPXFKRDPRUQRVSUHSDUyORVDOLPHQWRV'HVSXpV
GHOGHVD\XQRSURFHGLPRVDLQLFLDUFRQQXHVWURWUDEDMR+DFtDPXFKRFDORUHUDQODVRFKRGHODPDxDQD\HOVRO\DHVWDEDWDQIXHUWH
81
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
FRPRVLIXHUDHOPHGLRGtD0HFRQWDFWpFRQHOVHxRU6HEDVWLiQ\YLVLWpVXYLYLHQGD'HDOOt
VDOtPX\LPSDFWDGDOOHYiQGRPHGHUHFXHUGRHOVLQVDERUGHYHUODVLWXDFLyQGHSREUH]DHQ
TXHYLYtDODIDPLOLD\FRQXQVHQWLPLHQWRGHLPSRWHQFLDDOQRSRGHUKDFHUQDGDPiVTXH
OOHYDUPHXQRVFXDQWRVGDWRVSODVPDGRVHQXQIRUPXODULR«
+DVWDDKtWRGRKDEtDHVWDGRGHQWURGHORQRUPDOSDUDPLVFRPSDxHURVDXQTXHSDUD
PtHUDXQDH[SHULHQFLDKRUULEOHSRUHOKHFKRGHYHUWDQWDSREUH]DSXHVHUDPLSULPHU
SUR\HFWRFRQ6(,\QXQFDKDEtDHVWDGRHQXQOXJDUDVt
)LQDOL]DQGRODWDUGH\DFDVLHUDQODVVHLVYLVLWpDOVHxRU,VLGURSXHVVRORKDVWDHVD
KRUDOHHUDSRVLEOHUHXQLUVHFRQPLJR\DTXHGXUDQWHHOGtDWUDEDMDEDSDUDORJUDUVRVWHQHUD
VXQXPHURVDIDPLOLD/XHJRGHUHFRJHUPHHQHOKRVSHGDMHQRVGLULJLPRVDVXFDVDXELFDGD
FRPRDPLQXWRVGHOOXJDU(OFDPLQRFDGDYH]VHPHKDFtDPiVODUJRSXHVHVWDEDOOHQR
GHVDSRVTXHVDOWDEDQVREUHPLVSLHV&DPLQiEDPRVHQPHGLRGHXQDQXEHGH]DQFXGRV
JXLDGRVDSHQDVSRUODOX]GHODOXQD\ODGHXQDGLPLQXWDOLQWHUQD/R~QLFRJUDWLÀFDQWH
HUDTXHHOVHxRU,VLGURFRQXQDVRQULVDHQVXFDUDGHFtDTXHJUDFLDVD'LRVpO\DVHKDEtD
DFRVWXPEUDGRDHVWDVLWXDFLyQ3RUÀQOOHJDPRVDODYLYLHQGDGRQGHVXHVSRVDQRVHVSHUDEDFRQXQPHFKHURVREUHODPHVD\DVtWUDQVFXUULHURQWUHVKRUDVGHVGHTXHOOHJXpDVX
KXPLOGHKRJDUSHURSDUDPtHVWHWLHPSRIXHHWHUQRORVLQVHFWRVDWUDtGRVSRUODOX]GHO
'0&FDtDQVREUHQRVRWURV\ORVPRVTXLWRVDSURYHFKDURQSDUDKDFHUVXVIHFKRUtDVSHUR
DXQDVtODVHxRUD'HQLD\HOVHxRU,VLGURVHPRVWUDEDQIHOLFHVVLHPSUHSUHVWRVDUHVSRQGHU
FDGDXQDGHODVSUHJXQWDVPLHQWUDVHOFRUD]yQVHPHDUUXJDEDDOYHUODVLWXDFLyQTXHHUD
SDUWHGHVXGLDULRYLYLUHQHVHOXJDUWDQDOHMDGRHQWLHUUDSRFRIpUWLOROYLGDGRVSRUHOJRELHUQRFDUHFLHQGRGHVHUYLFLRVYtFWLPDVGHODYLROHQFLD\ORPiVWULVWHFRQSRFDFRPLGD
\HVFDVDVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSHURDJUDGHFLHQGRD'LRVSRUORTXHWLHQHQ
'RQ,VLGURPX\DPDEOHPHQWHPHDFRPSDxyDPLOXJDUGHUHVLGHQFLDUHSLWLpQGRVH
GXUDQWHHOFDPLQRODPLVPDVLWXDFLyQDQWHVYLYLGDDGHPiVGHWHQHUTXHVRSRUWDUXQRV
PDUUDQRVQHJURVJLJDQWHV\ÁDFRVTXHUHFRUUtDQODVFDOOHV0HGHVSHGtGHGRQ,VLGURPX\
DJUDGHFLGDSRUVXFRODERUDFLyQ/DVHxRUDGHODFDVDGRQGHQRVKRVSHGiEDPRVQRVKDEtD
SUHSDUDGRODFHQDSHURGHVSXpVGHWRGRORTXHKDEtDYLVWRHQODVFDOOHVQLJDQDVGHFRPHU
WHQtD(OODPLVPDVHHQFDUJyGHLQYLWDUQRVDODPHVDSHURORJUDFLRVRIXHTXHRFXSpHO
OXJDUTXHQRHUD\PHUHJDxySXHVHOODXELFDORVKRPEUHVDXQODGR\ODVPXMHUHVDORWUR
&HQDPRV\KDEODPRVVREUHORVXFHGLGRHQHOGtDOXHJRVDOLPRV\FRPSDUWLPRVDOJXQRV
PLQXWRVFRQQLxRVTXHMXJDEDQDVDOWDUOD]RHQODFDOOHGXUDQWHXQLQVWDQWHUHtPRV\QRV
ROYLGDPRVGHQXHVWUDVSUHRFXSDFLRQHV$QWHVGHLUDGRUPLUFXDQGRGHFLGLPRVEDxDUQRV
HQFRQWUDPRVTXHQRKDEtDDJXDQLVLTXLHUDDOPDFHQDGD1XHVWURFRPSDxHURQRVKDEtD
DGYHUWLGRVREUHODVLWXDFLyQ\GHOEXHQXVRTXHGHEtDPRVGDUOHDODVSRFDVEROVDVGHDJXD
TXHOOHYiEDPRV\DTXHpOFXPSOtDGRVGtDVVLQEDxDUVH5HVLJQDGRVQRVFHSLOODPRVORV
GLHQWHVWRGRVHQJUXSR\DTXHHUDPX\RVFXUR\QRVGDEDPLHGR/DVHxRUDGHODFDVD
KDEtDRUJDQL]DGRORVFXDUWRVGHPRGRTXHGXUPLpUDPRVPXMHUHV\KRPEUHVVHSDUDGRV
ODVPXMHUHVWXYLPRVHOSULYLOHJLRGHGRUPLUHQODFDPDPLHQWUDVTXHDHOORVOHVWRFyGRUPLU
82
Juntos en Candelaria
VREUHXQDVHVSXPDV/DQRFKHFRUUtDDOULWPRGHORV]XPELGRVGHORV]DQFXGRV\HOFDQWDU
GHODVUDQDVUHDOPHQWHIXHSRFRORTXHGRUPLPRVHOWHFKRGHQXHVWURFXDUWRHUDHQSDMD
\SRUHOWLHPSRGHFRQVWUXLGRVHKDEtDFRQYHUWLGRHQHOQLGRGHPXUFLpODJRV\XQDTXH
RWUDDUDxDJLJDQWH
)HOLFHVGHYHUHODPDQHFHUFRJLPRVDOJXQDVEROVDVGHDJXDQRVFHSLOODPRVQRVODYDPRVODFDUD\UHFLELPRVHOGHVD\XQRFRQDJUDGRSHQVDQGRTXH\DVRORTXHGDUtDXQDQRFKH
PiVHQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV7HUPLQDPRVQXHVWURWUDEDMRDJRWDGRV\VLQORJUDUFRQVHJXLU
DJXDSDUDEDxDUQRVHQIUHQWDGRVQXHYDPHQWHFRQXQDQRFKHWRUWXRVD\GHVHDQGRTXHOOHJDUDSURQWRODPDGUXJDGD$ODVGRVGHODPDxDQDQXHVWURURVWURUHÁHMDEDIHOLFLGDG£SRU
ÀQOOHJDEDHOGtDGHLUQRV6DOLPRVWRGRHVWDEDRVFXUR\FRPRHOSULPHUGtDVRORVHYHtDQ
ORVVDSRVVDOWDUDODOX]GHODOXQDPLPDOHWDHVWDEDSHVDGtVLPD\KDEtDTXHFDPLQDUSRU
XQOXJDUGRQGHORVSLHVVHKXQGtDQHQHOEDUURSRUTXHHUDODRULOODGHODFLpQDJD&RPR
SXGLPRVVXELPRVDODFKDOXSDTXHQRVOOHYDUtDD$OWRVGHO5RVDULRGRQGHÀQDOPHQWH
SXGLPRVGLVIUXWDUGHXQGHOLFLRVREDxR\GHXQOXJDUFRQPHMRUHVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDYLYLU
83
84
E
Eterna dualidad
Autor: Púrpura
VWDKLVWRULDODYLYtKDFHDOJ~QWLHPSRHQXQOXJDUOLQGR\IUtR
ODEHOODWLHUUDGH1DLUR4XLQWDQDUHFRQRFLGRFLFOLVWDQDFLRQDO
SRUTXHPHLQYLWDURQDIRUPDUSDUWHGHXQJUXSRGHHQFXHVWDGRUHV
ÌEDPRVDUHFROHFWDUXQDYDOLRVDLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHHOVXEVLGLRGH
YLYLHQGDIDPLOLDUSDUDQXHVWUDMHID´1DQFKLµFRPROHGHFtDPLVXSHUYLVRUDDOQRSRGHUSURQXQFLDUELHQHOQRPEUHGH1DQF\
1XHVWURLQWUpSLGRJUXSROOHJyD7XQMDOXHJRGHKDEHUYLDMDGR
DWLHUUDVLQKyVSLWDV\KDEHUVREUHYLYLGRDOLQFOHPHQWHVROGH&~FXWD
'HVSXpVGHGDUXQDYXHOWDSRUODFLXGDG\GHLQVWDODUQRVHQHOKRWHO
'LDQDODVXSHUYLVRUDHQWUHJyHOWUDEDMRDFDGDXQR
3RFDVKRUDVGHVSXpVFRQWHQWRV\DOPLVPRWLHPSRFRQJHODGRV SRU HO IUtR KLFLPRV JHVWLyQ SDUD LQLFLDU DO RWUR GtD FRQ ODV
YLVLWDV3RUODPDxDQDVDOLPRVDQXHVWUDVFLWDVFDGDXQRWRPyVX
UXWDFRQHOSURSyVLWRGHWHUPLQDUHOGtDVDWLVIDFWRULDPHQWH)XHDVt
FRPRPLFRPSDxHUR6HEDVWLiQ\\RHQEDUULRVGLIHUHQWHVSHURHQ
ODPLVPDFLXGDGHOPLVPRGtDDODPLVPDKRUDOOHJDPRVDQXHVWUDV
SULPHUDVYLVLWDV
<ROOHJXpDXQDFDVD\WLPEUp6DOLyXQKRPEUHMRYHQSHUR
PD\RUGHHGDGTXLHQOXHJRGHHVFXFKDUPLSUHVHQWDFLyQ\KDEHU
UHYLVDGRPLVGRFXPHQWRVSHUPLWLyTXHLQJUHVDUDDVXGRPLFLOLR(O
MRYHQHUDKLMRGHOVHxRUFRQTXLHQ\RKDEtDKHFKRFRQWDFWRWHOHIyQLFR\HOFXDOHUDLQIRUPDQWHLGyQHRHOMRYHQPHGLMR²0LSDSiHVWi
SRUOOHJDUVLTXLHUHSRGHPRVLQLFLDU,QLFLpFRQODVSUHJXQWDVGHOHVWXGLRSHURpOXQSRFRFRTXHWRSHURUHVSHWXRVR\PX\HQDPRUDGRU
FRPRVRQORVFRVWHxRVPHFRPHQWy²0LSDGUH\\RWHQHPRVXQ
85
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
JUXSRYDOOHQDWR\pOYDULDVYHFHVKDVLGRUH\GHHVWHJpQHUR$FRQWLQXDFLyQPHSURSXVR
TXHVLTXHUtDPHFDQWDEDXQYDOOHQDWR,QVLVWtDPXFKR\QRPHGHMDEDFRQWLQXDUFRQODV
SUHJXQWDV(QWRQFHVPHWRFySRQHUPHPX\VHULDFRQDUJXPHQWRVH[SOLFDUOHHOYDORUGH
PLWUDEDMR\SHGLUOHTXHHOYDOOHQDWRPHORFDQWDUDGHVSXpVGHFRQWHVWDUODVSUHJXQWDVOR
FXDODFHSWy3RUÀQLQLFLpODVSUHJXQWDVOXHJROOHJyHOSDGUH\PHSUHVHQWpUHFRUGiQGROH
TXH\RIXLTXLHQOROODPySDUDFRQFHUWDUODFLWD$SHQDVKLFHODLQWURGXFFLyQGHOWHPD
FXDQGRQXHYDPHQWHORVGRVTXHUtDQFDQWDUPHHOYDOOHQDWR<RYXHOYRDSHGLUTXHYROYDPRVDODHQFXHVWDFRQODSURPHVDTXHOXHJRORVHVFXFKDUpFRQWRGRJXVWR
7HUPLQDGD OD HQFXHVWD HOORV HVWDEDQ PX\ DQVLRVRV SRU VHU HVFXFKDGRV \ TXH \R
DSUHFLDUDVXWDOHQWR/DYHUGDGHVTXHORVGtDVDQWHULRUHVKDEtDQVLGRPX\GLItFLOHVSDUDPt
\HVHPRPHQWRGHHVSDUFLPLHQWRORJUyVDFDUPHXQDHQRUPHVRQULVDSXHVIXHWRGDXQD
VHUHQDWDYDOOHQDWDFRQODTXHPHKLFLHURQVHQWLUDOHJUHERQLWD\PRWLYDGDSDUDVHJXLU
&RPROHVKDEtDFRQWDGRPLFRPSDxHUR6HEDVWLiQWDPELpQKDEtDOOHJDGRDXQGRPLFLOLRGRQGHWHQtDFLWDFRQXQDVHxRUDSDUDODHQFXHVWDeOWLPEUDODVHxRUDVDOH6HEDVWLiQVHSUHVHQWD\HQVHxDVXVGRFXPHQWRVODVHxRUDORHVFXFKD\DFHSWDTXHLQJUHVH
DVXFDVD/XHJRGHOLQJUHVRODVHxRUDOHSRQHFDQGDGRDODSXHUWDDÀUPDQGRTXHpOHV
XQODGUyQ\TXHYDDOODPDUDODSROLFtD6HEDVWLiQQXHYDPHQWHWUDWDGHH[SOLFDUOHSHUROD
VHxRUDQRHQWLHQGHUD]RQHV\QRORGHMDKDEODU6HEDVWLiQQRVFRQWyTXHHQHVHPRPHQWR
HVWDED£PXHUWRGHOVXVWRSHURTXHVHVHQWyHQODVDODDYHUWHOHYLVLyQ\DOODPDUD'LDQD
PLHQWUDVOOHJDEDODSROLFtD&XDQGRODSROLFtDOOHJyORVDFDURQGHOGRPLFLOLRHVSRVDGRQR
HQWHQGLHURQUD]yQDOJXQDORKLFLHURQFDPLQDUYDULDVFXDGUDVKDVWDOOHJDUDO&RPDQGRGH
OD3ROLFtDODJHQWHORPLUDEDPLHQWUDVTXHVHLVSROLFtDVORFXVWRGLDEDQFRPRVLIXHUDHO
KRPEUHPiVEXVFDGRGHODFLXGDGRHOFULPLQDOPiVJUDQGHGH&RORPELD/OHJDURQDOD
HVWDFLyQGHSROLFtDORLQWHUURJDURQOODPDURQDORVWHOpIRQRVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODFDUWD
GHSUHVHQWDFLyQFRQÀUPDURQTXLHQHUD\DPDEOHPHQWHOHRIUHFLHURQXQDGLVFXOSD6HEDVWLiQOHVFRQWHVWy´/DVGLVFXOSDVKDVWDVHODVDFHSWRSRUTXHFXDOTXLHUDVHHTXLYRFDSHURHO
PDOUDWR\ODKXPLOODFLyQGHSDVHDUPHHVSRVDGR\TXHODJHQWHPHYLHUD\PHVHxDODUD«
HVRVtQRVHORVSHUGRQRµ(QHVHPRPHQWROOHJy'LDQDFRQTXLHQVDOLyGHDOOt\VHGLULJLHURQDOGRPLFLOLRGRQGHWRGRKDEtDFRPHQ]DGRSDUDTXHDKRUDODVHxRUDFRQWHVWDUDOD
HQFXHVWD/DSROLFtDKDEtDOODPDGROHKDEtDQFRQÀUPDGRTXHIXHXQDHTXLYRFDFLyQGHHOOD
\SDUDUHLYLQGLFDUVHFRQODLQVWLWXFLyQOHVROLFLWDURQTXHDWHQGLHUDDOVHxRUHQFXHVWDGRU\D
VXVXSHUYLVRUD(OORVFXHQWDQTXHODVHxRUDFRQWHVWyODHQFXHVWDIXHPX\DPDEOHFRPR
VLDQWHVQRKXELHVHSDVDGRQDGD£KDVWDOHVRIUHFLyDOJRGHWRPDU
(QKRUDVGHODWDUGHFXDQGRUHJUHVpDOKRWHOWRGRVHVWDEDQVHULRV\\RFRQODVRQULVD GH ODGR D ODGR FRQ FDUD GH SRQTXp (QWRQFHV SUHJXQWp ¢TXp OHV SDVD" ¢SRU TXp
HVWiQWDQVHULRV\FDOODGRV"HQWRQFHVIXHFXDQGRPHFRQWDURQORTXHOHKDEtDSDVDGRD
6HEDVWLiQLQFOXVRKXERXQSRFRGHPtPLFD\WRGRVUHtPRVHKLFLPRVFKLVWHVDOUHVSHFWR
(QHOJUXSRVLHPSUHTXHVHSUHVHQWDEDXQDVLWXDFLyQGLItFLOODFRPHQWiEDPRVSDUDGDUOH
XQDVROXFLyQ\KDVWDUHtUXQSRFR<RWDPELpQOHVFRQWpFyPRPHKDEtDLGR'HVSXpVGH
86
Eterna dualidad
HVFXFKDUODVDOHJUtDV\WULVWH]DVGHHVHGtDWHUPLQDPRVULHQGRDFDUFDMDGDVYLHQGRHOYLGHR
GHPLVHUHQDWD\WRPDQGRXQDWD]DGHDURPiWLFDSDUDHOIUtR£4XLpQLEDDLPDJLQDUTXH
HQODPLVPDFLXGDGHOPLVPRGtDDODPLVPDKRUDGRVHQFXHVWDGRUHVGHOPLVPRJUXSR
YLYLHUDQVLWXDFLRQHVWDQGLIHUHQWHV0LHQWUDVTXHXQRUHtDHORWURHVWDEDVXIULHQGR
£4XpJUXSRWDQERQLWR\WDQFRPSURPHWLGRFRQHOWUDEDMR3RUHVRHVWDKLVWRULDTXH
KR\FXHQWRHVWiGHGLFDGDDHOORV'LDQD$UOHLGD\6HEDVWLiQTXLHQHVVLHQGRWDQMyYHQHVPH
HQVHxDURQORTXHVLJQLÀFDWUDEDMDUHQHTXLSRFRQXQJUXSRFRPSURPHWLGR\VXSHUDUODV
GLÀFXOWDGHVFRQEXHQKXPRU
87
88
D
Odisea por el Huila
Autor: Noprecident
HVSXpVGHKDEHUDWUDYHVDGRSDUWHGHOSDtVSRUFDUUHWHUDREVHUYDQGR ORV KHUPRVRV SDLVDMHV GH &XQGLQDPDUFD +XLOD \
&DTXHWiFRQRFLHQGRODSUREOHPiWLFDGHQXHVWURVFDPSHVLQRVVXV
DOHJUtDV\WULVWH]DVHQHVRVFDPSRVOOHQRVGHYHUGRU\GRORUSRUOD
YLROHQFLDTXHDIURQWDQXHVWURSDtV\GHVSXpVGHLQXQGDUPHHQHO
RORUGHORVFDIHWDOHV\GHORVQDUDQMDOHVLQLFLpPLWUDEDMRFRQORV
FDPSHVLQRV\FRQHVWRPLFRQWDFWRFRQODUHDOLGDGGHPLSDtV
8QDUHDOLGDGTXHDQWHVQRFRQRFtDSRUTXHWUDEDMpHQRÀFLQD
SRUPiVGHDxRV\VRORVDEtDORTXHGLYXOJDEDQORVPHGLRVGH
FRPXQLFDFLyQQRODUHDOLGDGGHDTXHOORVOXJDUHVGRQGHDSUHQGtD
HQWHQGHU\FDOODUXQDUHDOLGDGTXHHQPLPHQWHQRH[LVWtDRH[LVWtDPX\OHMDQD7DPELpQDSUHQGtVREUHFDIHWDOHVJDQDGR\GLYHUVRV
FXOWLYRV GH IUXWDOHV D YLDMDU VREUH PXODV FDEDOORV PRWRV R HQ HO
PHMRUGHORVFDVRVHQFDPLRQHV\YHKtFXORVGHVWLQDGRVDOWUDQVSRUWH
GHFDUJD
$YHQWXUHUR\FKDUODWiQFRPRDOJXQRVPHYHQVLQFRQRFHUOD
YHUGDGGHPLYLGD\PXFKRPHQRVGHPLVLQWHQFLRQHVHLOXVLRQHV«
DVtLQLFLpPXFKRVDxRVGHYLDMHV\SUR\HFWRVGRQGHODSUHVHQFLDGH
ODYLROHQFLD\ODDPHQD]DGHPXHUWHSUHYDOHFHUtDQVLQTXHHOORPH
DPHGUHQWDUDDFRQRFHUGHFHUFDORVSUREOHPDVGHPLSDtVFRQRFHUORVGHERFDGHORVFDPSHVLQRVTXHORVKDQWHQLGRTXHVXIULU
3HURWRGRQRHVWULVWH]D\YLROHQFLDWDPELpQKD\JUDQGHVVDWLVIDFFLRQHVDOSRGHUD\XGDUDORVTXHVXIUHQSRGHUGDUXQDHVSHUDQ]DDDTXHOORVTXHVLHPSUHHVSHUDQVLQTXHHOORVFRPSUHQGDQOR
TXHHQUHDOLGDGVHKDFHFRQODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHUHFRJHPRVRFRQOD
UHDOLGDGGHQXHVWURWUDEDMR
89
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
$VtIXHPLOOHJDGDD*DU]yQHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLODXQSXHEORGHFDIHWHURV
\JDQDGHURVDVHGLDGRSRUODJXHUULOODODSREUH]D\ODLQFHUWLGXPEUHGHOPDxDQD<DKDEtD
HVWDGRDOOtFRPRPLHPEURWHPSRUDOSHURQRFRQRFtDODUHDOLGDGTXHYLYtDQVXVSREODGRUHVSRUTXHVRORDGHQWUiQGRPHHQVXVYLGDVFRQHOSUR\HFWR$JUR,QJUHVR6HJXURSRGUtD
FRQRFHUXQSRFRHOLQWHULRUGHVXVYLYLHQGDVVXVSDUFHODVVXVÀQFDV\ORPiVLPSRUWDQWH«GHVXVYLGDV
(QFRQWUpXQSXHEOROOHQRGHEXOOLFLRORVÀQHVGHVHPDQDHLQFOXVRHQORVRWURVGtDV
XQSXHEORGLIHUHQWHDOTXH\RFRQRFtDDxRVDWUiVFRPRDSDFLEOH\WUDQTXLOR¢6HUtDXQD
WUDQTXLOLGDGHQJDxRVDODTXHFRQRFt"R¢VHUtDTXHHVWXYHFRQORVTXHQRVXIUtDQDTXHOOD
YLROHQFLDPDOGLWD"1RORVp3HURVDEtDFXiOHUDPLPLVLyQHQHVHPRPHQWRGHVSXpVGH
KDEHUOOHJDGRGH6XD]DGRQGHHQWUHORVFDIHWDOHV\HQODVFRFLQDVODVPXMHUHVFRTXHWHDQ
FRQHOYLVLWDQWHDVDELHQGDVTXHOHSXHGHSDVDUORPLVPRTXHD
$OOtQRVHSXHGHPLUDUDODPXMHUGHRWURHVRGDSHQDGHPXHUWHVHJ~QFRPHQWDEDQ ORV SXHEOHULQRV HQ HO OXJDU GRQGH PH KRVSHGDED <R WHQtDTXHKDFHU PL WUDEDMR
YLVLWDQGRDORVFDPSHVLQRVGHHVWD]RQD&RQOODPDGDVPHQVDMHV\WRGRORTXHWHQtDDPL
DOFDQFHLQLFLpPLODERUYLVLWDQGRSHUVRQDMHVGHPXFKRGLQHURSURSLHWDULRVGHJUDQGHVH[WHQVLRQHVGHWLHUUDSHURQRHQFRQWUDEDPLJHQWHPLSXHEORPLVFDPSHVLQRVGHSHTXHxDV
SDUFHODVTXHWDQWRPHJXVWDYLVLWDUJHQWHKXPLOGHSHURVLQFHUD\WUDEDMDGRUDVLQRSHWXODQWHVWHUUDWHQLHQWHVTXHDXQTXHWHQtDQTXHUHFLELUPHQRORKDFtDQGHPX\EXHQWDODQWH
+DELHQGRYLVLWDGRYDULRVGHHOORVDOGtDVLJXLHQWHWHQtDTXHYLVLWDUXQRGHORVPiV
JUDQGHVJDQDGHURVGHODUHJLyQSHURQHFHVLWDEDXQWUDQVSRUWHDVtTXHFRQWDFWpDXQ´PRWRUUDWyQµFRPROODPDQDOOtDOWUDQVSRUWHHQPRWRSDUDTXHPHOOHYDUDSHURPLVXHUWH
FDPELyGHVSXpVGHKDEHUHVWDGRFRQXQRGHHOORVDTXLHQOODPDEDQ´HO3DLVDµ0HOOHYy
SRUWRGRHOSXHEORLQFOXLGRXQVLWLRTXHQLSDUDTXpKDEODU«/HWXYHTXHGHFLUTXH\DQR
QHFHVLWDEDGHVXVVHUYLFLRV
0LFRPSDxHUR\VXSHUYLVRUOOHJypOWHQtDPRWRDVtTXHPHDFRPSDxyDYLVLWDUODV
ÀQFDVTXHVHVXSRQtDTXHYLVLWDUtDFRQ´HO3DLVDµ7RGRWUDQVFXUUtDQRUPDOPHQWHFDPELp
GHKRWHOSRUWUDQTXLOLGDG)XLDXQKRWHOPX\ERQLWR\QXHYRTXH´HO3DLVDµPHUHFRPHQGyPHUHJLVWUp\PHDVLJQDURQXQDKDELWDFLyQHQHOSULPHUSLVRFHUFDGHODHVFDOHUD
3HURDSDUHFLyXQiQJHOTXHGLMRTXHQRDFHSWDUDHVDKDELWDFLyQDTXtKDFHPXFKRUXLGR
GtJDOHDOGHODUHFHSFLyQGHODQRFKHTXHORFDPELHDOVHJXQGRSLVRDOOtHVPiVWUDQTXLOR
$VtORKLFHFDQVDGRSHURIHOL]SRUODODERUFXPSOLGD\DHQPLKDELWDFLyQHQHOVHJXQGR
SLVRVHQWtGHVHRVGHXQULFREL]FRFKR\XQNXPLVTXHKDEtDYLVWRHQXQDSDQDGHUtDFHUFD
DOKRWHOIXLDWUDHUORHVWRVHUtDPLFRPLGD(OFDORUHUDIXHUWHHOYHQWLODGRUHVWDEDDWRGR
GDUSHURQRHUDFDSD]GHGDUPHHOIUtRTXHHVWDEDDFRVWXPEUDGRDVHQWLUPLURSDTXHGy
HQODVLOODTXHWHQtDDOIUHQWHPHTXHGpHQFDO]RQFLOORVPLUDQGRHOSURJUDPDGHWHOHYLVLyQ
´(OFDUWHOGHORVVDSRVµ6DERUHDQGRPLSDVWHO\WRPDQGRNXPLVUHtDGHODVEHVWLDOLGDGHV
TXHKDFtDQHQHVHSURJUDPD'HSURQWRDOJRTXHQRVDEtDTXpHUDPHOHYDQWyGHODFDPD
FRPR VL HVWXYLHUD OHYLWDQGR PH TXLWy OD VRQULVD GHO URVWUR ¢TXp SDVDED" 0L UHDFFLyQ
90
Odisea por el Huila
IXHPHWHUPHGHEDMRGHODFDPD«HVWDQGRDOOtVLQVDEHUTXpVXFHGtDYLGHEDMRGHPtHO
FRQFUHWR SDUWLGR 1R WDUGy QDGD OD JHQWH HQ JULWDU TXH HO KRWHO VH HVWDED LQFHQGLDQGR
6LQSHQVDUORPHSXVHXQSDQWDOyQWRPpPLPDOHWDTXHFRQWHQtDGDWRVPX\LPSRUWDQWHV
GHKDFHQGDGRVGHODUHJLyQVDOtGHVFDO]RDWUDYHVDQGRHOGHVDVWUH«DKtFRPSUHQGtWRGR
KDEtDQSXHVWRXQDUWHIDFWRH[SORVLYRHQHOSULPHUSLVR/DVSDUHGHVSXHUWDYHQWDQDV\OD
FDPDGHOFXDUWRFRQWLJXRDOTXHPHKDEtDQDVLJQDGRLQLFLDOPHQWHKDEtDQVDOLGRYRODQGR
'HPLVSLHVGHVFDO]RVEURWDEDVDQJUHSHURQRVHQWtDGRORUIXLHOSULPHURHQVDOLUGHOKRWHO
HLQPHGLDWDPHQWHOODPHDOGRQGHPHSDVDURQDOHQFDUJDGRHQ*DU]yQ0iVWDUGpHQ
OODPDU\FRUUHUSRUTXHSHQVDEDTXHLEDDH[SORWDUHOKRWHOTXHHQOOHJDUORVERPEHURVOD
SROLFtDORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQFRQVXVFiPDUDV\SHULRGLVWDVDORVFXDOHVSHQVDQGR
HQPLWUDEDMROHVGLMHQRGR\GHFODUDFLRQHVQLSUHVWRPLLPDJHQSDUDQLQJXQDQRWLFLD$Vt
SXGHSDVDULQDGYHUWLGRSDUDODSUHQVDDWXUGLGRPHSHUPLWLHURQVDFDUPLPDOHWDGH~OWLPR
(OVXSHUYLVRUTXHYLVLWDEDVXIDPLOLDHQHOSXHEORPHUHFRJLy\PHOOHYyDRWURKRWHOKDVWD
HOGtDVLJXLHQWH
'HUHJUHVRD%RJRWiFKHTXHRVPpGLFRV\SUXHEDVJUDFLDVD'LRVODH[SORVLyQVROR
PHDIHFWRORVRtGRVKDVWDDKRUDFRQWLQ~DQDIHFWDGRVVLHQWRXQVLOELGR\\RHVSHUDQGR
TXHQRPHPROHVWDUDQPiV/ODPpDO3DLVDSDUDGHFLUOHGHPLUHJUHVRD%RJRWi\ERUUDU
VXQ~PHURWHOHIyQLFR
$TXHOVXFHVRQRLPSLGLyTXHWHUPLQDUDHOSUR\HFWRHQWUHFRUUHWHRVTXH\DOOHJDQ
DTXHOORVODFDSWXUDGHODSROLFtDSRUDWHQWDUFRQWUDHOSXHEORSRUVDOLUDYLVLWDUDORVFDPSHVLQRV\YLDMDUFRQXQH[FRQFHMDOTXHHVWDEDDPHQD]DGRHQODSREODFLyQGH+RER«$Vt
IXHPLUHJUHVRDO+XLOD(QWUHDWHQWDGRVHQ1HLYDFDUURVLQFHQGLDGRVHQORVDOUHGHGRUHV
GHHVWDFLXGDGYLVLWDHQ$WDFRGHOVXSHUYLVRU)HUQDQGRDVXVWDGRSRUHOFRPEDWHHQ3ODQDGDVODJUDQDPLVWDG\D\XGDGHXQDKDFHQGDGDHQXQSXHEORGHO7ROLPD\DVtWHUPLQy
PLRGLVHDGH$JUR,QJUHVR6HJXUR+DVWDHOGtDKR\PHUHWLURGH6(,£(VWR\SHQVLRQDGR
*UDFLDVSRUWRGR
91
92
E
El perdido
Autor: Jaes Barú
O WUDEDMR GH FDPSR HV XQD JUDQ RSRUWXQLGDG SDUD FRQRFHU
QXHVWURSDtVSHURWDPELpQORHVSDUDPLUDUGHFHUFDDOJXQDV
SUREOHPiWLFDV VRFLDOHV \ HFRQyPLFDV LJXDOPHQWH QRV KDFH SDUWtFLSHVGHODRWUD&RORPELDODTXHWLHQHVXVSURSLDVUHJODVGHMXHJR
(QXQRGHORVSUR\HFWRVUXUDOHVGHVDUUROODGRVHQODVPRQWDxDVGHO&DXFDFRQQXHVWUROLVWDGRHQODVPDQRVEXVFiEDPRVGLOLJHQWHPHQWHDWRGRVDTXHOORVTXHGHEtDPRVHQWUHYLVWDUODVKRUDVGH
ODPDxDQDIXHURQPX\IUXFWtIHUDV\DTXHORFDOL]DPRVDODVSHUVRQDV
VLQQLQJ~QLQFRQYHQLHQWH$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHDODXQDGHODWDUGHHO
ULWPRVHGHWXYRXQRGHORVVHxRUHVGHOOLVWDGRVHYROYLySUiFWLFDPHQWH XQ IDQWDVPD QRV GDEDQ RULHQWDFLRQHV TXH QR ORJUiEDPRV
HQWHQGHU« VXEtDPRV \ EDMiEDPRV FRQWLQXDPHQWH GHDPEXODQGR
SRUODYHUHGD\HOFRUUHJLPLHQWRVLQQLQJ~Qp[LWR$ODVWUHVGHOD
WDUGHVXFHGLyTXH\DQDGLHORFRQRFtDQLVDEtDQDEVROXWDPHQWHQDGD
GHpO«HQWRQFHVFRPR~OWLPRUHFXUVRQRVGLULJLPRVDXQDGHODV
YLYLHQGDV GRQGH D SHVDU TXH FRLQFLGtD FRQ QXHVWUDV LQGLFDFLRQHV
QDGLHQRVJXLDEDKDFLDDOOt&XDQGRDUULEDPRVHOMRYHQFRQGXFWRU
TXHQRVWUDQVSRUWDEDSDUySRUXQPRPHQWR\SUHJXQWyIUHQWHDOD
YLYLHQGD²¢$TXLpQHVTXHEXVFDQXVWHGHV«"6XVRMRVVHDEULHURQ
FRQPXFKRDVRPEURDOHVFXFKDUODUHVSXHVWDeOKDEtDHQWHQGLGR
ORTXHSDVDEDDFHOHUyGHFLGLGDPHQWHHOYHKtFXOR\FDVLGXUDQWHXQD
KRUDFRQGXMRVLQPHGLDUSDODEUDPLUDQGRFRQWLQXDPHQWHHOHVSHMR
UHWURYLVRU&RPRXQDH[KDODFLyQQRVVDFyGHHVHOXJDUOXHJRQRV
FRQWyTXHGRVSHUVRQDVHQPRWRFLFOHWDQRVKDEtDQHVFROWDGRSRU
XQEXHQUDWR\GHVSXpV\DQRORVYLRPiV(QVHJXLGDQRVUHÀULy
TXHHOWDOSHUVRQDMHKXPLOGHTXHDSDUHFtDHQQXHVWUROLVWDGRFRPR
93
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
YtFWLPDHUDXQUHFRQRFLGR´SDWUyQµGHOD]RQD«GHDKtHOPDUFDGRWHPRUGHWRGDVODV
SHUVRQDVFRQODVTXHQRVHQFRQWUiEDPRVHQHOFDPLQRFXDQGRPHQFLRQiEDPRVVXQRPEUH\DSHOOLGRFRQWRWDOGHVSDUSDMR1RVRWURVLQGDJiEDPRVIUHQpWLFDPHQWHSRUpOGLFLHQGR
TXH£ORVROLFLWiEDPRVGHVGH%RJRWiSDUDXQDHQFXHVWDGHOJRELHUQR
/HMRVGHLPDJLQDUQRVODSHOLJURVLGDGGHQXHVWURLQRFHQWHDFWRKDEtDPRVLGRKDVWD
ODPLVPDJXDULGDGHXQWHPLGRSHUVRQDMHGHOD]RQD6RORQRVIDOWyKDEHUOHSUHJXQWDGRD
pOPLVPRDFHUFDGHVXSDUDGHUR\PDUFDUHQQXHVWUR*36VXXELFDFLyQH[DFWD«
0HQRVPDOHVWRQRWHUPLQyHQXQDWUDJHGLD+R\HQGtDPiVELHQHVXQDDQpFGRWD
TXHUHFXHUGRFRQJUDFLDSHURTXHLQGXGDEOHPHQWHKDFHSDUWHGHQXHVWURWUDEDMR\GHOD
UHDOLGDGGHQXHVWURSDtV
94
$XWRU(O&RUVDULRGHO5ío
Travesía del mundo digital
&
RQ HVWH WtWXOR XVWHGHV LPDJLQDUiQ TXH WRGR HUD FRPR HQ ODV
KLVWRULDVGHDYHQWXUDVFLEHUQpWLFDV3HURQR/RTXHQRVSDVy
FDUHFtDPXFKRGHWHFQRORJtD
6XFHGLyHQXQKHUPRVRPXQLFLSLRGHQXHVWURSDtVHQXQSDUDMHLQKyVSLWR\DOJRVROLWDULRREYLRFRPDQGDGRSRUORVJUXSRVDO
PDUJHQGHODOH\FRPRHUDGHHVSHUDUVH'HVSXpVGHXQDKRUDHQ
lancha o chalupa como la llaman en Montecristo al sur del deparWDPHQWRGH%ROtYDUHUDQHFHVDULRFDPLQDUPHGLDKRUDSDUDOOHJDUDO
.LRVFR9LYH'LJLWDO.9'XQDGHODVLQLFLDWLYDVGHO0LQLVWHULRGH
7HFQRORJtDVGHOD,QIRUPDFLyQ\ODV&RPXQLFDFLRQHV0,17,&6
/DLGHDHUDYLVLWDUHQODYHUHGD(O-RERKRJDUHVTXHKLFLHUDQXVRGH
ORVVHUYLFLRVGHO.9'SHURSDUDQXHVWUDVRUSUHVDDTXHOOXJDUQR
HUDDMHQRDODUHDOLGDGTXHVHYLYHGtDDGtDHQQXHVWUREHOORSDtVXQD
OXFKDLQFDQVDEOHSRUHOSRGHUHQWUHHOSUHVLGHQWHGHODMXQWDGHDFFLyQFRPXQDO\ODIDPLOLDTXHWHQtDDVXFDUJRHO.9'(OUHVXOWDGR
GHHVWDGLVSXWDHOPDOXVRGHXQDLQLFLDWLYDSDUDODFRPXQLGDGTXH
GHMDEDGHXVDUHO.9'SRUVLPSOHVUHQFRUHV
'HVSXpVGHODWUDYHVtDSDUDOOHJDUDDTXHOOXJDU\QRHQFRQWUDUODFDQWLGDGGHKRJDUHVQHFHVDULRVSDUDFXEULUODPXHVWUDQRV
HVSHUDEDXQODUJRFDPLQR'HELGRDTXHODODQFKDKDEtDVXIULGRXQ
GDxRWHQtDPRVTXHFDPLQDUXQDKRUDHQPHGLRGHODVHOYDSRUSDQWDQRVVRORVVLQXQDSHUVRQDTXHQRVJXLDUDSRUHOFDPLQRFRUUHFWR
SDUDOOHJDUDXQSXQWRDOHMDGRGRQGHQRVUHFRJHUtDQ<HOSULQFLSDO
SUREOHPDHUDXQ´SDOLWRµ6LXQSDOLWRSRUHOTXHGHEtDPRVDWUDYHVDU SDUD OOHJDU DO SXQWR DFRUGDGR FRQ HO VHxRU GH OD ODQFKD 6L
VHxRUHVSRUXQSDOLWRFDVLQRVWRFDGRUPLUHQODYHUHGD<HVDKt
95
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
GRQGHHPSLH]DQXHVWURJUDQGHVDItR(VH´PRQVWUXRµGHIRUPDYHUWLFDOQRVDOHMDEDGH
QXHVWURGHVWLQR\XQSDVRHQIDOVRVLJQLÀFDEDXQDWUDJHGLDSDUDHOJUXSRSXHVDSDUWHGH
ODODYDGDVHSRGtDGDxDUHOFRPSXWDGRU\ORVGHPiVHOHPHQWRVTXHFDGDXQRFDUJDED1R
SXHGRQHJDUTXHPHGLRPLHGRSHURQRKDEtDHVSDFLRSDUDHOWHPRU\ODGHVFRQÀDQ]D<
PHGHFtDDPtPLVPR´XQOtGHUQRSXHGHPRVWUDUVHWHPHURVRµ\FRQSDVRÀUPHOHSXVH
HOSHFKRDODVLWXDFLyQ3DUDIRUWXQDPtDORJUpSDVDUVLQQLQJ~QSUREOHPD\DOHVWDUDORWUR
ODGRSXGHYHUDPLVFRPSDxHURVKDFLpQGROHIUHQWHDOREVWiFXOR
(OVHJXQGRHQSDVDUIXH-RQQLWTXLHQFRQXQDULVDWHPHURVDHQVXFDUD\DJDUUDGR
IXHUWHPHQWH GH DTXHO SHGD]R GH PDGHUD LQLFLy VX UHFRUULGR $ WRGRV QRV GDED PLHGR
TXHVHFD\HUDDODJXDSHURSDUDDQLPDUORGHFLGLPRVFDQWDUOHDOJRTXHKDEtDVLGRWHPD
GHGLVFXVLyQGtDVDWUiVHQHOJUXSR´VDOWDUDQLWDVDOWDµWHPDGHO3RWUR6DOYDMHeOGHFLGLy
XVDUXQDWpFQLFDFRQYHQFLRQDOFRPRVLHVWXYLHUDPRQWDQGRDFDEDOOR\DYDQ]yOHQWRSHUR
VHJXURHQFDGDPRYLPLHQWRTXHKDFtD(QODVSDXVDVSDUDWRPDUDOLHQWRPRVWUDEDXQDULVD
WHPHURVDSDUDQRGHVHQFDMDUFRQWRGRHOEXOOLFLRTXHKDFtDPRV'HVSXpVGHPLQXWRV
ORJUyDWUDYHVDUHOUtR/DWHUFHUDSHUVRQDIXH&ODXGLD(OODGLRGRVSDVRVHQHO´SDOLWRµ\
GHFLGLyFDPELDUGHWpFQLFD0HGLRPXFKRPLHGRYHUFyPRSDVyHO´SDOLWRµSXHVOOHJXpD
SHQVDUTXHVHLEDDLUGHFDUDDOUtRSRUTXHGHFLGLyDQGDUGHODGRVXVSLHVVHEDODQFHDEDQ
PXFKRKDFLHQGRGLItFLO\OHQWRHODYDQ]DU(OFRORUSiOLGRGHVXFDUDUHÁHMDEDODDQJXVWLD
TXHVHQWtDWDQWRTXHWRGRVTXHGDPRVPXGRVSRUXQRVVHJXQGRV/DFXDUWDSHUVRQDIXH
&DUROLQDDOYHUFyPRORKDEtDQFUX]DGRVXVFRPSDxHURVGHFLGLyKDFHUORGHODPLVPDPDQHUDTXHORKL]R-RQQLWDQJXVWLDGDSHURFRQXQDVRQULVDHQVXFDUDKDFLpQGROHIUHQWHDHVH
REVWiFXOR<OD~OWLPDSHUVRQD-RKDQDVHGLRSRUYHQFLGD\GLMR£QRSDVR3HURGXUDQWH
HOWLHPSRTXHWUDQVFXUULyPLHQWUDVFDGDXQRSDVDEDVHKL]RPXFKRUXLGR/RVJULWRV\ODV
ULVDVOODPDURQODDWHQFLyQGHXQVHxRUTXHYLYtDFHUFDGHOUtRTXLHQOOHJyDDX[LOLDUQRV$Vt
ODDIRUWXQDGDIXHHOODTXHSDVyVLQSUREOHPDHQXQDFDQRD
(VXQDDQpFGRWDTXHDPLSDUHFHUOODPDODDWHQFLyQXQVLPSOH´SDOLWRµXQDVLWXDFLyQSHOLJURVDFRPSOHMD\DUULHVJDGDTXHGLVIUXWDPRVFDGDXQRDVXPRGR«
96
7
Mi primer viaje
$XWRU$QGUpV$EHOLQR3HxD
RGRFRPHQ]yHQHODxRFXDQGRHOGHVWLQRSXVRHQPL
FDPLQRD1HFKtXQPXQLFLSLRHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH$QWLRTXLDVREUHHOFXDOKDEtDHVFXFKDGRGRVYHFHVHQODYLGD/DSULPHUD
FXDQGROOHJDEDQORVYHFLQRVGHODÀQFDGHPLSDGUHDFRQWDUDFHUFD
GHVXVDQGDQ]DV\ODVHJXQGDFXDQGRHOVXSHUYLVRUPHFRPXQLFy
TXHQRVFRUUHVSRQGtDWUDEDMDUHVHPXQLFLSLR
/OHJyHOGtDGHSDUWLUUXPERD1HFKtpUDPRVVHLVSHUVRQDV
TXLHQHVFRQIRUPiEDPRVHOJUXSRGHWUDEDMR(OYLDMHHPSH]yDODV
QXHYHGHODQRFKH\GHVSXpVGHKRUDVGHYLDMHHQEXVOOHJDPRV
D&DXFDVLDDOOtWRPDPRVXQWD[L\DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHVSXpVGH
PLQXWRVOOHJDPRVDO&HUURXQSHTXHxRSXHUWRGRQGHHVWDEDQXQDV
ODQFKDV'HLQPHGLDWRWRPDPRVODOtQHD\HPSH]DPRVUHFRUUHUHQ
ODQFKDHOFDXGDOGHOUtR&DXFD'RVKRUDVGHVSXpVXQDVFDVHWDVGH
SDOPDTXHDVRPDURQSRUXQDRULOODGHOUtR1HFKtIXHURQHOVLJQRLQHTXtYRFRGHTXHKDEtDPRVOOHJDGRDQXHVWURGHVWLQR'HVFHQGLPRV
GHODODQFKD\HPSH]DPRVDFDPLQDUSRUODVFDOOHVGHOSXHEOR/D
JHQWHQRVPLUDEDFRPRORTXHpUDPRVIRUDVWHURV$XQTXHVDEtDPRVTXHHVWiEDPRVHQWLHUUDVDQWLRTXHxDVHODFHQWRGHODVSHUVRQDVQRHUDSDLVD«KDEODEDQFRQDFHQWRFRVWHxRSHURPX\DPDEOH
1RVLQVWDODPRVHQHOPHMRUKRWHOGHOSXHEORHOKRWHO&DVD
%ODQFD(VDQRFKHIXHFRUWDSDUDGHVFDQVDUGHOWUDMtQGHXQYLDMH
GHFDVLKRUDV$ODPDQHFHUGHOGtDVLJXLHQWHORVUD\RVGHOVROVH
UHÁHMDEDQHQHODJXDGHOUtR\HQPDUFDEDQXQOLQGRSDLVDMHFRPRXQ
cuadro hecho con luz; ese día nos correspondía adelantar la muesWUDUXUDOGHOSUR\HFWRTXHHVWiEDPRVWUDEDMDQGRTXHHUDVREUHHO
SURJUDPDGH)DPLOLDV*XDUGDERVTXHV/DQRFKHDQWHULRUPLHQWUDV
97
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
FHQiEDPRVQRVHQWHUDPRVTXHHQ1HFKtKDEtDPLQDVGHRUR$PtPHGLRFXULRVLGDGSRU
FRQRFHUODVPLQDVGHRURSXHVLPDJLQDEDTXHHUDQFRPRODVGHPiVPLQDVTXHFRQRFtD
HVGHFLUVXEWHUUiQHDV
(PSH]DPRVHOWUDEDMRHQHOVHFWRUUXUDO/DVSHUVRQDVQRVDWHQGtDQPX\ELHQIXH
XQGtDPX\SURGXFWLYRSHURQRYLODVPLQDV(VDWDUGHDYHULJpTXpYHUHGDVQRVWRFDED
WUDEDMDUDOGtDVLJXLHQWHSDUDVDEHUVLSRUÀQLEDDLUDODVWLHUUDVGRQGHEURWDHORUR\VtDO
GtDVLJXLHQWHtEDPRVDODYHUHGD/DV)ORUHV\PHGLMHURQTXHDOOiKDEtDPLQDV0HLPDJLQp
TXHVHUtDXQDYHUHGDPX\SUyVSHUDGHJUDQGHVFDVDV\SHUVRQDVDFRPRGDGDV«
(VSHUpFRQSDFLHQFLDHODPDQHFHU\DOGtDVLJXLHQWHPX\WHPSUDQR\DHVWDEDGLVSXHVWRSDUDLUDWUDEDMDU'HVD\XQDPRV\QRVHQFDPLQDPRVDODRULOODGHOUtRGRQGHQRV
HVSHUDEDXQ´-RKQVRQµXQDFDQRDJUDQGHFRQPRWRUHQHOTXHHPSH]DPRVHOUHFRUULGR
/OHJDPRVDODYHUHGD/DV)ORUHV\QRVHLPDJLQDQFXiOIXHPLVRUSUHVDFXDQGRYLXQFDVHUtRFRQYLYLHQGDVFX\DVSDUHGHVFRQVLVWtDQHQXQDORQDYHUGHFRQWHFKRVHQSDOPDGH
LUDFD\DOJXQRVGH]LQF1RHQWHQGtD«6LDOOtKDELWDEDQSHUVRQDVTXHWUDEDMDEDQFRQXQRV
GHORVPHWDOHVPiVSUHFLRVRVGHOPXQGRHORUR¢SRUTXpVXVLWXDFLyQHUDWDQSUHFDULD"
/OHJXpDXQDFDVDGRQGHWHQtDTXHKDFHUXQDHQFXHVWDGHVSXpVGHWHUPLQDUODHQWUHYLVWDSUHJXQWpFyPRHUDHOWUDEDMRGHODPLQHUtD\GyQGHTXHGDEDQODVPLQDV0HFRQWDURQ
TXHODVPLQDVGHRURQRVRQVXEWHUUiQHDVEDVWDFRQUHPRYHUODWLHUUD\HPSH]DUDODYDU
ODWLHUUDFRQDJXD\SDVDUODSRUXQTXtPLFRTXHORVOXJDUHxRVOODPDQHOD]RJXHTXHQR
HVRWUDFRVDPiVTXHPHUFXULR\DOOtTXHGDHORUR(VDVtFRPRFDGDFHQWtPHWURGHWLHUUD
SXHGHVHUODRSRUWXQLGDGSDUDFRQVHJXLUHOVXVWHQWRGHODIDPLOLDSRUXQDVHPDQD(VWRPH
ORFRQWyGRQ3HGURHOOtGHUGHODFRPXQLGDGTXHQRVHVWDEDFRODERUDQGRFRQODXELFDFLyQ
GHODVSHUVRQDVGHODPXHVWUDWDPELpQPHGLMRTXHDOOtHORURQRWLHQHHOPLVPRSUHFLRTXH
FRPHUFLDOPHQWHWLHQHHQODVFLXGDGHV<RSUHJXQWpFXiQWRFRVWDEDXQJUDPRGHRUR\PH
UHVSRQGLyTXHpOVDEtDTXHHOORVYHQGtDQHUDXQFDVWHOODQRGHRURGHVSXpVDYHULJpTXH
HTXLYDOHDJUDPRV,JXDOPHQWHPHFRQWyTXHODVSHUVRQDVFXDQGRHQFRQWUDEDQRUROR
YHQGtDQ\HPSH]DEDQDWRPDUWUDJRKDFtDQÀHVWDV\FRPSUDEDQDOLPHQWRVSDUDOOHYDUDOD
FDVDSHURTXH\DFDVLQRKD\RURTXHWRFDLUDODVPRQWDxDVDEXVFDUORRDORVUtRVDEDUHTXHDUTXHHVLUDOUtRDODYDUODWLHUUD\VLVHFXHQWDFRQVXHUWHVHHQFXHQWUDDOJRGHRUR
/XHJROOHJXpDXQDYLYLHQGD\SUHJXQWpSRUHOMHIHGHKRJDUXQRVQLxRVPHGLMHURQ
TXHVHKDEtDLGRDFD]DUSRUTXHHQHVRVGtDVQRKDEtDVDFDGRQDGDEDUHTXHDQGRHOORV
HVSHUDEDQTXHUHJUHVDUDFRQDOJ~QDQLPDOSDUDSRGHUDFRPSDxDUHODUUR](OQLxRPD\RU
PHGHFtDTXHQRLPSRUWDEDVLWUDtDXQDPLFDSDUDSRGHUFRPHU0HTXHGpDVRPEUDGR\
SUHJXQWpVLVHFRPtDQDORVPLFRVRPRQRV(OPHUHVSRQGLyTXHVtTXHDODVPLFDVKHPEUDV«<RQRORSRGtDFUHHU7DPELpQPHFRQWyTXHXQGtDHOSDSiOROOHYyGHFDFHUtDYLR
FXDQGROHGLVSDUyDXQDPLFD\ODLPSDFWy\YLRFRPRDODQLPDOVHOHVDOtDQODVOiJULPDV\
HQVHxDEDFRQORVGHGRVDXQPLFRSHTXHxR\VHWRFDEDHOSHFKR(VDWDUGHHOORVSXGLHURQ
FRPHU\PHFRQWDEDHOVXFHVRVLQQLQJ~QUHPRUGLPLHQWR<DVHHVWDEDRVFXUHFLHQGR\QRV
WRFDEDUHJUHVDUFXDQGRQRVIXLPRVHOSDGUHQRKDEtDOOHJDGR
98
Mi primer viaje
5HJUHVpDOKRWHOFRQPXFKDSUHRFXSDFLyQSXHVSHQVDEDHQPLKLMDTXHKDFHSRFRV
PHVHVKDEtDQDFLGR<DHQHOKRWHOVHJXtDSHQVDQGRHQHOOD\HPSHFpDHVFULELU´(UHVW~HO
VROTXHLOXPLQDPLVGtDV(UHVHOFDORUTXHDEUD]DPLDOPDHQODDXVHQFLDW~HUHVPLGXOFH
FRPSDxtD(UHVXQDEHQGLFLyQGHO&UHDGRU&XDQGROOHJDVWH\R\DWHHVSHUDEDSDUDOOHQDU
WXH[LVWHQFLDGHDPRU$KRUDFUHFHVGtDDGtDFRPRFUHFHPLDPRUSRUWL*UDFLDV0DQXHOD
SRUKDFHUPHWDQIHOL]8QDVRQULVDWX\DHVXQVDOPRGHDOHJUtD\FXDQGRUHFXHUGRWXURVWUR
OOHQRGHWHUQXUDDJUDGH]FRD'LRVSRUTXHYLYHVKLMDPtDµ
(VDQRFKHGHVFDQVDPRV\QRVSUHSDUDPRVSDUDHOGtDVLJXLHQWHVDOLUDRWURPXQLFLSLR$ODPDQHFHUWRPDPRVXQDODQFKDSDUDHOPXQLFLSLRGH(O%DJUH«
99
100
6
Quien lo vive es quien
lo cuenta
Autor: Luchito
LELHQHVFLHUWRTXHHOWUDEDMRTXHUHDOL]DPRVUHTXLHUHGHSODQHDFLyQSDUDREWHQHUORVUHVXOWDGRVUHTXHULGRVWUD]DGRVSRUXQRV
REMHWLYRVQRVLHPSUHVHGDQODVFRVDVFRPRHVWDEDQSODQHDGDV\
VHGHEHUHFXUULUDODH[SHULHQFLDDODSR\RGHFRPSDxHURV\DORV
UHFXUVRVTXHEULQGHHOPLVPROXJDUGHWUDEDMRSDUDGHVDUUROODUOD
ODERU HQFRPHQGDGD (O VLJXLHQWH UHODWR FRQWLHQH PXFKR GH HVWDV
FLUFXQVWDQFLDVSUHVHQWDGDVHQXQRGHPLVP~OWLSOHVSUR\HFWRVUHDOL]DGRVHQ6(,
(PSLH]RSRUFRPHQWDUTXHDÀQDOHVGHODxRPHHQFRQWUDEDHQXQPXQLFLSLRGHOQRUWHGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH1DULxROODPDGR3ROLFDUSDFRQXQJUXSRGHWUDEDMRTXHPHKDEtDQDVLJQDGRFRQ
el propósito de realizar la recolección de información para la evaOXDFLyQGHLPSDFWRGHOSURJUDPD´&RORPELD5HVSRQGHµ'HDFXHUdo con el cronograma se empezó la recolección por las veredas
PiVFHUFDQDVDOFDVFRXUEDQRSDUDOXHJRDERUGDUODVYHUHGDVTXHVH
HQFRQWUDEDQPiVGLVWDQWHV\TXHSRUODFRPSOHMLGDGGHOWUDQVSRUWH
HUDQHFHVDULRSHUQRFWDUHQXQFDVHUtRFHUFDQRDHVWDV)XHDVtFRPR
XQGtDHQODPDxDQDPX\GHPDGUXJDGDFRPRHUDFRVWXPEUHPH
GHVSODFpFRQPLJUXSRGHWUDEDMRDOFRUUHJLPLHQWRGH6iQFKH]XELFDGR D FXDWUR KRUDV GH FDPLQR SRU XQD FDUUHWHUD HQ PDO HVWDGR
SRUQRGHFLUXQDWURFKD9LDMDPRVHQXQMHHSFRQWUDWDGRFRQDQWHULRULGDG\TXHPHKDEtDQUHFRPHQGDGR'HVGHHVHFRUUHJLPLHQWR
QRVSURSRQtDPRVWUDEDMDUVHLVYHUHGDVORFXDOKDEtDPRVSODQHDGR
GHDFXHUGRFRQODLQIRUPDFLyQVXPLQLVWUDGDHQODDOFDOGtD1XHVWUR
101
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
JXtDHUDHOFRQGXFWRUGHOYHKtFXORTXHVHKDEtDFRQWUDWDGRHVWDSHUVRQDVHFRQYLUWLyHQ
QXHVWURDSR\RSDUDXELFDUDOOtGHUGHOFRQVHMRFRPXQLWDULRGHODUHJLyQSHUVRQDTXHQR
VHKDEtDSRGLGRFRQWDFWDUSRUTXHOD]RQDFDUHFHGHVHxDOGHWHOpIRQRFHOXODU\ODOtQHDGH
WUDQVSRUWHWHUUHVWUHVHGHVSOD]DFDGDRFKRGtDVORVÀQHVGHVHPDQD6HYLDMyDODGHULYD
\DOOOHJDUDGLFKRFRUUHJLPLHQWRHOFRQGXFWRUTXHQRVWUDQVSRUWyHPSH]yLQGDJDUSRU
HOOtGHUTXLHQFDVXDOPHQWHVHHQFRQWUDEDHVHGtDDOOtSRUTXHpOYLYtDDXQDKRUDHQFDQRD
SRUHOUtR3DWtD
Ante el líder comunitario se hizo tanto la respectiva presentación del personal como
GHOSUR\HFWRTXHVHHVWDEDUHDOL]DQGR0DQLIHVWyTXHDOD]RQDQRSRGtDLQJUHVDUJHQWHVLQ
ODDXWRUL]DFLyQGHOFRQVHMRGHQHJULWXGHVDOFXDOpOUHSUHVHQWDED\TXHVHUHTXHUtDWLHPSR
SDUDKDFHUHVWDJHVWLyQ,JXDOPHQWHGLMRTXHGHEtDLQIRUPDUDORVJUXSRVDUPDGRVLOHJDOHV
GHQXHVWUDSUHVHQFLD
$QWHHVWDVLWXDFLyQPLSUHRFXSDFLyQIXHPD\RUSXHVVHKDEtDLQYHUWLGRGLQHURHQ
XQWUDQVSRUWHFRVWRVRSRUODGLVWDQFLD\ODVSpVLPDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHODYtD\HOVLJXLHQWH
SXQWRGHOFURQRJUDPDHUDDERUGDUHOPXQLFLSLRGH&XPELWDUDTXHTXHGDEDPX\GLVWDQWH
GHDOOt
/DSUHRFXSDFLyQHUDHYLGHQWHHQPLURVWURDOLJXDOTXHHQHOGHPLVFRPSDxHURV
3HURFRPRVHGLFH´XQDPLUDGDYDOHPiVTXHPLOSDODEUDVµRPHMRUD~QODDQJXVWLDGHPLV
FRPSDxHURV\ODPtDKL]RTXHHOFRUD]yQGHHVWHOtGHUVHDSLDGDUD\WRPDUDXQDDFWLWXG
GLIHUHQWHDVXPLHQGRODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHJXLDUQRV\YHODUSRUQXHVWUDVHJXULGDG'HHVWD
PDQHUDVHKL]RXQDSODQHDFLyQGHDFXHUGRFRQODXELFDFLyQJHRJUiÀFDGHODVYHUHGDV\ODV
UHFRPHQGDFLRQHVGHOOtGHU1RVPDQLIHVWyTXHSDUDOOHJDUDHVDVYHUHGDVQRKDEtDFDUUHWHUDVWDPSRFRH[LVWtDQFDEDOORVSRUTXHODHFRQRPtDGHODUHJLyQQRGDEDSDUDWHQHUORVHV
GHFLUTXHWRGRVORVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVORVWHQtDPRVTXHKDFHUDSLH&RPRUHFRPHQGDFLyQ
QRVSHGtDTXHQRVTXHGiUDPRVHQVXFDVD\DTXHHVWDVYHUHGDVTXHGDEDQPiVFHUFDGHVGH
HVHOXJDUDGHPiVQRVLQGLFyTXHHOUtRQRHVQDYHJDEOHWRGRVORVGtDV\ODJDVROLQDSDUDHO
PRWRUHVFDVHDEDSDUDHVWDU\HQGR\YLQLHQGRWRGRVORVGtDVDOFRUUHJLPLHQWRGH6iQFKH]
'HHVWDPDQHUDPLVFRPSDxHURV\\RHPSH]DPRVODDYHQWXUDGHUHDOL]DUQXHVWUR
WUDEDMROHMRVGHODVFRPRGLGDGHVTXHQRVGDODYLGD1RVHQFRQWUiEDPRVHQXQDUHJLyQ
FRPRVHGLMRDQWHVVLQVHxDOGHWHOpIRQRFHOXODU\VLQHQHUJtDHOpFWULFD&RPRVHSXHGHQ
LPDJLQDUQRSXGLPRVLQIRUPDUDODHPSUHVDORTXHtEDPRVDHQIUHQWDUPXFKRPHQRVD
QXHVWURVIDPLOLDUHVSHURGHLJXDOIRUPDORDVXPLPRVFRQPXFKDUHVSRQVDELOLGDG\HQWXVLDVPR7RPDPRVQXHVWUDDYHQWXUDFRPRXQUHWRGRQGHHOVLWLRGHKRVSHGDMHHUDXQD
FDVDGHPDGHUDDRULOODGHOUtRHOFXDOXWLOL]iEDPRVSDUDEDxDUQRVHQODVPDxDQDV\HQODV
QRFKHVHOVLWLRSDUDGRUPLUHUDXQDKDELWDFLyQGRQGHQRVDFRVWiEDPRVWRGRVHQXQDHVWHUDXQRDOODGRGHORWURODDOLPHQWDFLyQVHOLPLWDEDDOFRQVXPRGH\XFDSOiWDQR\SHVFDGR
TXH DEXQGDED HQ ORV UtRV FHUFDQRV 'tD D GtD HPSUHQGtDPRV QXHVWUD ODERU GH FDPLQDU
KDVWDODVFDVDVTXHSUiFWLFDPHQWHHUDQWRGDVODVTXHH[LVWtDQORKDFtDPRVSRUPHGLRGH
ORVPRQWHV\FXOWLYRVGHFRFDHMH~QLFRGHODHFRQRPtDHQODUHJLyQ&DGDIDPLOLDTXHYL-
102
Quien lo vive es quien
lo cuenta
VLWiEDPRVHUDXQDKLVWRULDSDUDFRQWDU«ODVHVFXHODVH[LVWHQWHVFRQVXVSDUHGHVSLQWDGDV
FRQLQVLJQLDVGHORVJUXSRVDUPDGRVDOPDUJHQGHODOH\KDFtDQSDUWHGHOSDLVDMH(QODV
QRFKHVFDUJiEDPRVQXHVWURVGLVSRVLWLYRVPyYLOHVFRQHQHUJtDGHXQDSODQWDHOpFWULFDTXH
HOGXHxRGHODFDVDSUHQGtDSRUXQDKRUDPLHQWUDVVHFRPtD
De esta manera logramos todo el levantamiento de la información al recorrer las
VHLVYHUHGDVHQLJXDOQ~PHURGHGtDVXWLOL]DQGRGHPiVHOGtDGHOOHJDGD\HOGHVDOLGDGH
ODUHJLyQKDVWDRWURFRUUHJLPLHQWRGHOPLVPRPXQLFLSLR(QHOQXHYRFRUUHJLPLHQWRSXGLPRVGHVFDQVDUHQFRQGLFLRQHVPiVFyPRGDV\UHFXSHUDUODVHQHUJtDVSDUDFRQWLQXDUFRQ
QXHVWUDODERU
3DUD WHUPLQDU PL UHODWR FRPHQWR TXH DVt UHDOL]DPRV QXHVWUR WUDEDMR HQ XQ OXJDU
TXHTXL]iQXHVWURSHQVDPLHQWRHVWDEDOHMRVGHLPDJLQDUTXHH[LVWtD\PHQRVLPDJLQDUTXH
QXHVWURVSLHVVHFRQYHUWLUtDQHQWHVWLJRVGHQXHVWURHVIXHU]RDOUHFRUUHUFDGDXQRGHORV
FDPLQRVSDUDOOHJDUDODPRUDGDGHSHUVRQDVTXHHVWiQOHMRVGHTXHXQJREHUQDQWHVHDFXHUGHGHHOORV\VXSODVXVQHFHVLGDGHVEiVLFDVFRPRWRGRVORVFRORPELDQRVWHQHPRVGHUHFKR
1RHVWiGHPiVDJUDGHFHUDOOtGHUFRPXQLWDULRSRUVXUHVSRQVDELOLGDGDVXHVSRVD\
DOUHVWRGHVXIDPLOLDSRUVXKRVSLWDOLGDG\GHSDVRRIUHFHUGLVFXOSDVDQXHVWUDVIDPLOLDV\
FRPSDxHURVGHWUDEDMRHQ%RJRWiSRUODSUHRFXSDFLyQFDXVDGD
103
104
A
El gran telar de la vida
$XWRU$GiQ
ODVVDELDVDEXHODVNRJXLTXHFRQXQDPLUDGDSXHGHQYHUWRGR
WXSDVDGR\RODVKHYLVWRFDPLQDUGHQRFKHSRUODVHOYDFDUJDQGREHEpVHQVXHVSDOGDPRFKLODVFRQYDULRVNLORVGHDOLPHQWRV
\DOPLVPRWLHPSRFRQWLQXDUKDFLHQGRVXWHMLGRFRPRVLQDGDVLQ
SLVDUXQDVRODKRUPLJXLWDHQVXFDPLQR\VLQ]DSDWRVSRUVXSXHVWR
(OODVGLFHQTXHQRLPSRUWDORTXHKDJDPRVVLHPSUHHVWDPRV
WHMLHQGRQXHVWURJUDQWHMLGRGHODYLGD\FDGDHQFXHQWURFRQFDGD
SHUVRQDHVXQSXQWRPiVGHFRORUGLIHUHQWH$VtFRPRFDGDWUDEDMR
\DSUHQGL]DMHFRQHFWDQHXURQDVGHODJUDQUHGTXHKDELWDQXHVWURV
FHUHEURVDVtPLVPRFDGDHQFXHVWDHVXQHQFXHQWURXQSXQWRXQD
VRQULVD\XQDSDUWHGHXQWHMLGRTXHWRPDIRUPDDFDGDLQVWDQWH\
EULOODFRPRXQDQRFKHHVWUHOODGD
/DQRFKHDQWHULRUIXLPRVWRGRHOJUXSRDPLVDIXHFKLVWRVR
SRUORVVRQLGRVJXWXUDOHVTXHKDFtDQQXHVWURVHVWyPDJRVGHVDFRVWXPEUDGRVDHVDFRPLGDSHURFODUROD9LUJHQPiVIDPRVDGH&RORPELDODGHO&DUPHQQRVOODPySDUDTXHDJUDGHFLGRVSRUHOEXHQ
FDPLQRTXHQRVKDEtDFRQGXFLGRKDVWDDKtHOHYiUDPRVXQDPLUDGD
VLQFHUDDOIRQGRGHQXHVWURVFRUD]RQHV
$OGtDVLJXLHQWHGHVSLHUWRUHFRUGDQGRODVSDODEUDVGHDTXHOOD
LQGtJHQDNRJXL´0LQLxRWHMHWXYLGDFRPRHQXQKHUPRVRWHODUµ
Mientras amanece se pueden escuchar diferentes aves cantando liEUHV\PLHQWUDVGHVD\XQDPRVDOULWPRGH3DOHQTXHFRQXQSHUUR
XQJDWR\XQDJDOOLQDPLUiQGRQRVH[SHFWDQWHVKDEODPRVGHOROLQGD
TXHHV&RORPELDTXHOLQGRVVRQORV0RQWHVGH0DUtD«6LHPSUH
UHFRUGDUHPRVODH[SUHVLyQKXPLOGH\VHQFLOODHQODPLUDGDGHDTXH-
105
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
OORVFDPSHVLQRVDQLPDGRVSRUXQDSD]TXHUHJUHVD3XHGHTXHQRWHQJDQPXFKRDOJXQRV
VRQUHDOPHQWHSREUHVPDWHULDOPHQWHSHURRIUHFHQJHQHURVDPHQWHORTXHSXHGHQ\PiV
PRVWUiQGRQRVTXHVXFRUD]yQHVPiVJUDQGHTXHODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDV
)XLPRVFXDWURYDOLHQWHVDWUDYHVDQGRHQPRWRVHOGHVWLQRYHUGHGHPRQWDxDVFRORU
HVPHUDOGD\FDPLQRVWDSL]DGRVFRQPDQJRVHQFRVHFKDDOIRQGRDYHFHVDVRPDEDHOPDU
GH&DUWDJHQD$ODVGRVKRUDVpUDPRVWUHVYDOLHQWHVHQPRWRV\XQDHQEXUURSXHVD%HUWDODJRUGLWDGHOJUXSRODPRWRQRODSXGROOHYDUPiV\XQYHFLQRJHQWLOPHQWHODPRQWy
HQODHVSDOGDGH´6LQERODVµVXEXUURPiVJXDSR(VHEXUULWRQXQFDKDEtDWHQLGRWDQWD
WHFQRORJtD\SHVRDOPLVPRWLHPSRVREUHVXHVSDOGDSXHV%HUWDIXHVDFDQGRHO*36SDUD
PDUFDUVXVSXQWRVVDWHOLWDOHVLQFRUSRUDUORVHQHO/DSWRS\FODURODIRWRTXHQRSXHGH
IDOWDUGHVGHVX6PDUWSKRQH
$VtFDGDXQRHPSH]yDUHDOL]DUVXUXWDSRUHVHKLORVDWLQDGR\PXOWLFRORUSRUHOTXH
QRVOOHYDHVWDPDUDYLOORVDYLGD/XFDVIXHDHQFXHVWDUDSLFXOWRUHVORVTXHDQWHVVHPEUDEDQ
FRFDHQODVRPEUDKR\VLHPEUDQFDFDR\FXOWLYDQDEHMDVTXH]XPEDQFDQFLRQHVHQODOX]
/RVQLxRVDKRUDFDQWDQFDQFLRQHVDOHJUHVSRUTXHFRQItDQ/XFDVYROYLyFRQHOGXOFHGH
ODPLHOTXHREYLDPHQWHOHUHJDODURQ\FRQXQDRUHMDGHHOHIDQWHSRUHOSLTXHWD]RGHXQD
DEHMDTXHOHTXHUtDGHMDUXQUHFXHUGR\XQPHQVDMH´HVFXFKDDODQDWXUDOH]Dµ$OÀQDOGHO
GtDOOHJyDOKRWHOIHOL]\UHOOHQLWRSXHVHQFDGDXQDGHVXVHQFXHVWDVOHRIUHFLHURQVHQGRV
SODWRVGHFRPLGD(VHIXHHOGtDHQTXH/XFDVFRPLyFLQFRGHVD\XQRV\PHGLR
3DUDPtHVHGtDVHFRQYHUWLUtDHQHOGtDHQTXHWHQGUtDKDVWDHOPRPHQWRODHQFXHVWD
PiVGLItFLOGHOXQLYHUVRPLXQLYHUVRFODURHVWiSRUTXHOOHYDEDSRFDVKRUDVGHYXHORFRPR
HQFXHVWDGRU,PDJLQHXVWHGJUDGRVGHWHPSHUDWXUDJULSDGRORUHQODVQDOJDVGHVSXpV
GHWUHVKRUDVHQPRWRPRVTXLWRVPXFKRVPRVTXLWRV«\XQSHUVRQDMHSDUDHQFXHVWDU
0X\TXHULGRHVRVtYLHMLWRSHURFRQXQDVJDQDVWUHPHQGDVGHKDEODUFXDOSHUGLGRUHFLpQ
HQFRQWUDGRGHVHRVRGHFRQWDUORDFRQWHFLGRHQFDGDXQDGHVXVLQQXPHUDEOHVWUDYHVtDV
SRUHVWDODUJDYLGD(QWRQFHVLQLFLRODHQFXHVWD²6HxRUPHUHFXHUGDVXQRPEUH\DSHOOLGRpOUHVSRQGH²7RGRHPSH]yHQPLORFKRFLHQWRVQRYHQWD\WUHVODFRPDGUH/LOLD«
6LHWHPLQXWRVGHVSXpV²QRQRVHxRU~QLFDPHQWHQHFHVLWRVXQRPEUH«
6RQUtR\PHSUHJXQWR¢(VWRGHYHUGDGHVWiSDVDQGR"¢TXpHVORTXHHOXQLYHUVR
PHTXLHUHHQVHxDU"(VWiFODURSDFLHQFLD«PLURHOFLHORORViUEROHVUHFXHUGRWRGDVPLV
OHFFLRQHVGHDUWHVPDUFLDOHV«UHVSLURSURIXQGR\VRQUtR\GHUHSHQWH£DXFKXQDKRUPLJDSLFiQGRPHODHVSDOGD«£QRSXHGHVHU«<HVHQHVRVPRPHQWRVFXDQGRODYLGD
WHSUHVLRQDDOPi[LPRTXHVDOHORPHMRUGHWLHQXQDFRPSUHQVLyQTXHWUDVFLHQGHWRGDV
ODVFXOWXUDV\UD]DVWRGDVODVHQVHxDQ]DV1RKD\LQVWDQWHVHWHUQRVWRGRFDPELDWRGRHV
impermanente1RLPSRUWDORTXHSDVHWRGRSDVD<FRPRODUHVSLUDFLyQ\FRPRHOGtD\OD
QRFKHWRGRPXHUH\UHQDFH¢TXpTXHGD"6RORTXHGDXQDFRVDHVWHPRPHQWRSUHVHQWH«
IXHDKtFXDQGRORHQWHQGtSURIXQGDPHQWHPLHQWUDVSHQVDED«YR\DVHUIHOL]FXDQGRHVWH
GLItFLOPRPHQWRWHUPLQH«£1R1XQFDDSODFHVWXSOHQLWXGSDUDXQIXWXURSRUTXHHOHJR
HVWDQLQFRQIRUPHTXHVLHPSUHTXLHUHPiV«DVtTXHGDORPHMRUGHWLHQFDGDLQVWDQWH
106
El gran telar de la vida
\YtYHORFRPRVLIXHUDHO~OWLPR«&LHUURORVRMRVGHSURQWRPHGR\FXHQWDGHTXHOD
QDWXUDOH]DVHKDVLOHQFLDGRXQPRPHQWRHOYLHQWRVRSODPLLQWHUORFXWRUVRQUtH«PLUR
HOIRUPXODULR~OWLPDSUHJXQWD«\GLJR²LQÀQLWDVJUDFLDVSRUVXDWHQFLyQSRUVXWLHPSR
\SRUVXDPDEOHD\XGD\SLHQVRTXHWDOYH]PLFRUD]yQHVXQURPSHFDEH]DVHQRUPH\
FDGDVHUTXHQRVHQFRQWUDPRVQRVGDXQDGHVXVSLH]DV9XHOYRDOKRWHOHQXQSURIXQGR
VLOHQFLRFRQPLVRMRVFHUUDGRVPLPHQWHVHKDYDFLDGRSRUÀQ
(OVXSHUYLVRUOOHJyDOÀQDOFDVLHQFDO]RQFLOORV«VXPRWRHQXQDPDQLREUDVHFD\y
VXSDQWDOyQVHHQUHGyFRQODSDUULOOD\VHKL]RSHGD]RV&DVLQRSDUDPRVGHUHtU
(O~OWLPRLQVWDQWHTXHUHFXHUGRIXHFRQHOYHFLQRGHOKRWHOTXHIDEULFDEHEHGHURV
SDUDDYHVFRQPDWHULDOHVUHFLFODGRVYLHQGRH[WDVLDGRVYDULRVKHUPRVRVFROLEUtHVGHPXFKRVFRORUHV\D%HWRTXHHVPX\VHQVLEOHDORVDQLPDOHVFRQVXVRMRVDJXDGRVDQWHWDQWD
EHOOH]DGLFLHQGR²/DYLGDHVHODUWHGHHQFRQWUDUVH
107
108
Autor: Acuario
Vivencias para la memoria
P
DUDHOSURJUDPD/DERUDWRULRVGH3D]UHDOL]DGRHQYDULDVSREODciones del departamento del Meta durante el mes de julio de
VHKLFLHURQXQDVHULHGHWDOOHUHVGHFRQÀDQ]D
(QHVWHFRQWH[WRXQRGHORVSULPHURVPXQLFLSLRVHQYLVLWDU
FRQHOJUXSRGH6(,IXH/HMDQtDV(OSULPHUGtDPDGUXJDPRVSDUD
RUJDQL]DU HO VDOyQ \ ORV OXJDUHV GRQGH VH LQVFULELUtDQ ORV SDUWLFLSDQWHV &XDQGR HVWRV OOHJDURQ \D FDGD XQR GH QRVRWURV FRQRFtD
VXVIXQFLRQHV
$OOOHJDUFDGDLQYLWDGRVHOHDVLJQyXQQ~PHURGHLGHQWLÀFDFLyQSDUDSDUWLFLSDUHQODDFWLYLGDGSRVWHULRUPHQWHFDGDPLHPEUR
GHOHTXLSRGH6(,OHVGLRODELHQYHQLGDDOHYHQWR(OVXSHUYLVRUOHV
H[SOLFy XQ HMHUFLFLR HVWH VH EDVDED HQ XQD IRUPD GLIHUHQWH \ HQWUHWHQLGDGHSDUWLFLSDUHQXQHVWXGLRVREUHGHFLVLRQHVHFRQyPLFDV
GHDFXHUGRFRQODVVROXFLRQHVTXHFDGDXQRWRPDUDJDQDEDQXQD
GHWHUPLQDGDFDQWLGDGGHGLQHUR
A continuación se le dio lectura a un dilema social titulado
´'LOHPDGH0DUtDµHVWHWH[WRFRQWDEDODKLVWRULDGH6DQ/XLV\GH
XQDGHVXVKDELWDQWHVTXHORJUyOOHJDUDVHUFDQGLGDWDDOFRQFHMRD
SHVDUGHVXWLPLGH]\GHODVVLWXDFLRQHVGHYLROHQFLDHQVXOXJDUGH
UHVLGHQFLD$SDUWLUGHHVWHGRFXPHQWRORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVFRQWHVWDURQ
XQDVHULHGHSUHJXQWDVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQODSUREOHPiWLFDSUHVHQWDGD
+DFLDHOPHGLRGtDVHLQYLWyDORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHOHMHUFLFLRDXQ
DOPXHU]RMXQWRDOHTXLSRGH6(,&RQHVWRVHGLRSRUÀQDOL]DGRHO
SULPHUGtDGHWUDEDMR
109
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
$OVLJXLHQWHGtDPHFRPXQLTXpFRQXQDVHxRUDTXHKDEtDSDUWLFLSDGRHQHOWDOOHUOH
SHGtTXHPHLQGLFDUDHQTXpVHFWRUVHHQFRQWUDEDXELFDGDVXFDVDSDUDKDFHUOHODHQFXHVWD
ODVHxRUD$QLWDPHGLMR²/OHJXHXVWHGDOSXHQWHDOOtHVSHUHDXQQLxRHVPLKLMR(VSHUp
DOQLxRTXHHQHVHPRPHQWRFRQWDEDFRQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHWUHFHDxRV\QRVGLULJLPRV
DODYHUHGD3RUHOFDPLQRQRVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQYDULRVVHxRUHVTXHQRVREVHUYDEDQSHUR
FRQWLQXDPRVHOFDPLQRODVHxRUD$QDQRVHVWDEDHVSHUDQGRDODHQWUDGDGHODÀQFDLQJUHVp\SURFHGtDUHDOL]DUODHQFXHVWDHQGRQGHVHSUHJXQWDEDDFHUFDGHVXKRJDU$OWHUPLQDU
ODVHxRUDPHGLMRTXHHOODHUDGHVSOD]DGD\TXHHVWDEDFULDQGRJDOORVGHSHOHD3HURORTXH
PiVPHOODPyODDWHQFLyQIXHFXDQGRPHGLMR²/HFXHQWRTXHPLKLMR-XDQHOTXHIXH
DUHFRJHUODHVREMHWLYRGHODJXHUULOODYDDOFROHJLRSHURWLHQHTXHWHQHUPXFKRFXLGDGR
SRUTXHVLHPSUHHVWiQHQODSXHUWDSRUpOHQYDULDVRFDVLRQHVOHKDWRFDGRVDOLUVHSRUODV
YHQWDQDV0HGHMyVLQSDODEUDV«
'HMDPRV HVWH PXQLFLSLR \ QRV IXLPRV D UHFRUUHU RWURV TXH SHUWHQHFHQ DO GHSDUWDPHQWRGHO0HWD$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHXQDVHPDQDGHVSXpVGHKDEHUYLVLWDGRDODVHxRUD
$QDOOHJDPRVDOPXQLFLSLRGH0HVHWDVHQGRQGHUHDOL]DPRVHOPLVPRHMHUFLFLRTXHHQ
/HMDQtDV /R PiV LQWHUHVDQWH HQ HVWH OXJDU IXH OD DVLVWHQFLD GH ORV LQGtJHQDV SDHFHV GHO
GHSDUWDPHQWRGHO&DXFD(QFRQWUDUORVHQHOSLHGHPRQWHOODQHURPHOODPyODDWHQFLyQ\D
TXHHVWD]RQDGHOSDtVQRHVWHUULWRULRSURSLRGHHVWDFRPXQLGDG$OÀQDOGHODDFWLYLGDG
ORVLQGtJHQDVTXHUtDQTXHOHVSDJiUDPRVKRWHOSXHVVHJ~QHOORVOHVTXHGDEDPX\OHMRVSDUD
YLDMDUHVDPLVPDWDUGH
$OVLJXLHQWHGtDPHGHVSODFpDODYHUHGDGRQGHHVWDEDQXELFDGRVORVLQGtJHQDVHO
GHVSOD]DPLHQWRORUHDOLFpHQPRWR/OHJXpDGRQGHODVHxRUD'RQDWLODDTXLHQOHUHDOLFpOD
HQFXHVWDHOODPHFRQWyDFHUFDGHOOXJDUHQGRQGHQRVHQFRQWUiEDPRVHVWHHUDHOUHIXJLR
GHORVKDELWDQWHVGHHVHVHFWRU7DPELpQPHPRVWUyODXELFDFLyQTXHWRPDEDHOHMpUFLWR\
HOJUXSRDO]DGRHQDUPDVDOPRPHQWRGHFRPEDWH
/XHJRIXLDKDFHUODHQFXHVWDDXQDÀQFDGHRWURGHORVLQGtJHQDVDOWHUPLQDUGH
DSOLFDUODpOPHFRQWyTXHHVGHVSOD]DGRTXHYLYHDOOtVRORFRQORVQLxRVSXHVVXHVSRVD
VHHQFXHQWUDXELFDGDHQODFLXGDGGH3RSD\iQHVWXGLDQGR(OORVVHYHQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
FDGDVHLVPHVHV
2WURGHORVPXQLFLSLRVTXHPHOODPyODDWHQFLyQIXH9LVWD+HUPRVDOOHJDPRVDOOtHO
GHMXOLRGH\HQODFDUUHWHUDQRVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQSHUVRQDOGHOD$UPDGD1DFLRQDOTXLHQHVQRVKLFLHURQUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVSDUDQXHVWUDVHJXULGDG(OVHKL]RHOWDOOHU
FRQODDVLVWHQFLDGHORVLQYLWDGRV(ODQWHVGHGHVSOD]DUQRVDWUDEDMDUORJUDPRVYHUOD
SUHSDUDFLyQGHOGHVÀOHPLOLWDUGHO´'tDGHOD,QGHSHQGHQFLDµ
$OOOHJDUDODYHUHGDDUHDOL]DUODVHQFXHVWDVODVSHUVRQDVIXHURQPX\DWHQWDVSDUD
FRQWLQXDUFRQQXHVWUDODERU8QDGHODVHQWUHYLVWDGDVPHGLMRTXHVLGHVHDEDLUDOUtRTXH
HVWDEDPX\FHUFDSHUROOHJyXQRGHORVYHFLQRV\OHGLMRTXHHUDPHMRUTXHPHIXHUDSURQWR(QYHUGDG\DHUDQODVWUHV\PHGLDGHODWDUGH\SHQVDQGRHQODUHFRPHQGDFLyQTXHPH
KDEtDQGDGRPHUHJUHVp
110
Vivencias para la memoria
/RPiVLPSDFWDQWHGHHVWDUHJLyQIXHYHUODFDQWLGDGGHSHUURVPXWLODGRVSRUOD
DFFLyQGHODVPLQDVDQWLSHUVRQDO(O~OWLPRPXQLFLSLRHQGRQGHUHDOL]DPRVORVWDOOHUHV\
ODVHQFXHVWDVIXH3XHUWR5LFR0HWD(QHOWUD\HFWRSDUDOOHJDUDSUHFLDPRVODViJXLODVHQOD
FDUUHWHUD)LQDOPHQWHTXLVLHUDDJUHJDUTXHHVWDH[SHULHQFLDIXHPX\JUDWD\TXHODVYLYHQFLDVVLHPSUHTXHGDUiQPDUFDGDVGHQWURGHPLPHPRULD
111
112
E
Mi gran susto
Autor: Brisa
UDXQGtDGHODERUHVFRP~Q\FRUULHQWHPHHQFRQWUDEDHQOD
FLXGDG GH &DOL GRQGH HO FDORU HUD LQVRSRUWDEOH \D TXH KDFtD
YDULRVGtDVTXHQROORYtDQLYHQWHDED'HEtDGLULJLUPHD3DOPLUDSDUD
FRQWLQXDUFRQPLWUDEDMR\DOOOHJDUIXLDYLVLWDUDOJXQDVFDVDVSDUD
UHDOL]DUODVHQWUHYLVWDVHQORVKRJDUHV<DKDEtDWRFDGRYDULDVSXHUWDVSHURQDGDTXHPHDWHQGtDQSRUÀQXQDVHxRUDPHKL]RVHJXLU
\FXDQGRHVWDEDFDVLHQODPLWDGGHODHQWUHYLVWDPHUHFKD]y\QR
TXLVRFRQWLQXDUFRQODHQFXHVWD6DOtFDEL]EDMDHLPSRWHQWHSRUQR
KDEHUSRGLGRFRQYHQFHUODGHWHUPLQDU
$OFDERGHPHGLDKRUDSRUÀQRWUDVHxRUDPHDWHQGLy$FDEDEDGHHPSH]DUODHQWUHYLVWDFXDQGRPHOODPyPLFRPSDxHUDTXH
\DKDEtDWHUPLQDGRVXWUDEDMRSRUHVHGtDPHSUHJXQWyGyQGHHVWDEDOHGLODGLUHFFLyQ\OHGLMHTXHFRJLHUDXQPRWRWD[LTXH\RVHOR
SDJDED/DLGHDHUDHVSHUDUPH\GHYROYHUQRVMXQWDVSDUD&DOL
+DFtDPXFKRFDORU\ODVHxRUDDEULyODSXHUWDFRPRHVFRVWXPEUHDOOi$OSRFRWLHPSROOHJyPLFRPSDxHUD\ODKLFLHURQVHJXLU
-XVWRHQHVHPRPHQWRHVWDEDHQWUHYLVWDQGRDXQDQLxDPHQRUGH
DxRVFXDQGRGHUHSHQWHPLUpKDFLDDIXHUDSRUTXHKDEtDQXQRVDGROHVFHQWHVGHXQRVDxRVHUDQGHSLHOPRUHQDHVWDEDQYHVWLGRVGH
FDPXÁDGROOHYDEDQJRUUD\SRUWDEDQDUPDV6DOWDURQHODQWHMDUGtQ
HQWUDURQDODFDVD\ODUHYLVDURQWRGDUREiQGRVHFHOXODUHVSRUWiWLOHVUHORMHV\GLQHUR&XDQGRXQRGHHOORVVHDFHUFDDPtPHTXLWD
HOFRPSXWDGRU\PHSLGHHOFHOXODU<RWHQtD´GRVÁHFKDVµHQORV
EROVLOORVSHURPHTXHGpPLUiQGRORDORVRMRVVLQVDEHUTXHKDFHUGHO
VXVWR(QWRQFHVPHFRORFDXQUHYROYHURSLVWROD£TXpVp\RHQOD
IUHQWH\PHGLFH¢4Xp"¢VHYDDKDFHUPDWDUSRUXQFHOXODU"
113
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
'HLQPHGLDWRVDTXpHOTXHWHQtDHQHOEROVLOORGHUHFKR\TXHGpHQVKRFN&XDQGR\D
SXGHUHDFFLRQDUODQLxDDODTXHHVWDEDHQWUHYLVWDQGRVHHQFRQWUDEDOORUDQGRLQFRQVRODEOH
\\RHVWDOOpHQOODQWRQRSXGHFRQWHQHUPHKDVWDGHVSXpVGHXQUDWR0HTXHGpVRUSUHQGLGDGHODUHDFFLyQGHPLFRPSDxHUDDOYHUODWDQWUDQTXLOD\FRQVROiQGRQRVDFDGDXQRGH
ORVTXHHVWiEDPRVDOOtPHGLRWULVWH]DFRQHOODSRUTXHVHOHOOHYDURQHOPRUUDOFRQWRGROR
SHRUHVTXHQRKDEtDKHFKREDFNXSGHODVHQWUHYLVWDVGHHVHGtD\ODVSHUGLy«(OFHOXODU
GHHOODVHVDOYySRUTXHORKDEtDFRORFDGRGHEDMRGHODVSLHUQDV\IXHSRUHVRTXHVHSXGR
FRPXQLFDUFRQHOVXSHUYLVRUSDUDLQIRUPDUOHORTXHKDEtDVXFHGLGR
&XDQGROOHJyODSROLFtD\DHUDGHPDVLDGRWDUGH1RVLQIRUPDURQTXHHVHJUXSRWHQtD
D]RWDGRHOEDUULRHLEDPDWDQGRDODVSHUVRQDVDVtSRUTXHDVt(QWRQFHVGLJUDFLDVD'LRV
GHTXHHOVXVWRQRSDVyDPD\RUHV(VWXYLPRVXQUDWRPiVFRQODVSHUVRQDVGHODHQWUHYLVWDDFRPSDxiQGRODVPLHQWUDVQRVFDOPiEDPRVXQSRFRPiVWDUGHIXLPRVDODÀVFDOtD
DFRORFDUHOGHQXQFLR
(VSHUiEDPRVTXHDOPHQRVHOVXSHUYLVRUOOHJDUDDOOtSDUDGDUQRVXQDYR]GHDOLHQWR
\VHQWLUHVHDSR\RSHURQRIXHDVtHO~QLFRTXHOOHJyIXHQXHVWURFRPSDxHURSDUDDSR\DUQRV\DFRPSDxDUQRVKDVWDWHUPLQDUHOWUiPLWH8QRVGtDVGHVSXpV£FXiOIXHPLVRUSUHVD
DOYHUODUHDFFLyQGHPLFRPSDxHUDSXHVWHQtDVXVWRGHDQGDUVRODSRUODVFDOOHVFUHtDYHU
HQORVWUDQVH~QWHVDODVSHUVRQDVTXHQRVKDEtDQUREDGRVHSRQtDWHPEORURVD\OORURVDDVt
GXUyYDULRVGtDVKDVWDTXHDOÀQORJUyVHQWLUVHELHQ
(OVXSHUYLVRUPHSUHJXQWyTXHVLHVWDEDGLVSXHVWDDYROYHUD3DOPLUDDUHFXSHUDUOD
HQWUHYLVWDPDVQRPHVHQWtFDSD]GHYROYHUDOPLVPROXJDUSHURVLUHDOLFpRWUDVHQWUHYLVWDV
HQGLIHUHQWHVPDQ]DQDV(OWHPRUVHJXtDFDGDYH]TXHUHDOL]DEDXQDHQWUHYLVWD\GHMDEDQ
ODSXHUWDDELHUWD
3DUDGDUSRUWHUPLQDGRPtUHODWRFRQWDUpTXHDSHVDUGHTXH\DKDFHPiVGHWUHV
DxRVTXHRFXUULyHVWHVXFHVRD~QWHQJRHVDLPDJHQGHODUPDHQPLIUHQWH1RGHEHPRV
ROYLGDUTXHHQQXHVWURVYLDMHVVLHPSUHYDPRVDFRUUHUULHVJRVORLPSRUWDQWHHVVDEHUTXH
VRPRVXQDIDPLOLDHQODFXDOGHEHPRVDSR\DUQRV\DFRPSDxDUQRVXQRVDRWURV
114
E
Mi llegada a SEI
y mi primer proyecto
Autor: Diamarda
QXQDWDUGHGHMXQLRGHPLKLMDPD\RUPHFRPHQWyGH
XQDHPSUHVDTXHKDFtDHVWXGLRV\HQFXHVWDVHQHOSDtV\WHQtD
XQDFRQYRFDWRULDDELHUWDSDUDXQSUR\HFWR3DUDSDUWLFLSDUVRODPHQWHGHEtDDFFHGHUDODSiJLQDZHEGHODHPSUHVDLQJUHVDUPLKRMDGH
YLGD\HVSHUDU<RQRWHQtDH[SHULHQFLDHQHOWHPDSRUTXHYHQtDGH
WUDEDMDU FRQ HYHQWRV FXOWXUDOHV \ WHDWUR 6LQ HPEDUJR GHFLGt LQVFULELUPHDSHVDUGHWRGDVODVGXGDVTXHHQHVHPRPHQWRSDVDURQ
SRUPLFDEH]D1RVDEtDTXpPHHVSHUDED\PXFKRPHQRVOOHJXpD
SHQVDUTXHODYLGDPHLEDDVRUSUHQGHUGHWDQJUDWDPDQHUD
3DVDGRXQWLHPSRGHKDEHUKHFKRHOSURFHVRUHFLEtXQDOODPDGDPX\DPDEOHGH-DQHWKLQYLWiQGRPHDXQDFDSDFLWDFLyQWRGR
HQPtHUDLQFHUWLGXPEUH5HFXHUGRTXHHVHGtDLQXQGDGDGHPLHGR
OOHJXpPX\FXPSOLGDDOVLWLRDFRUGDGR\PHHQFRQWUpFRQXQJUXSR JLJDQWH GH SHUVRQDV TXH WDPELpQ LEDQ D SDUWLFLSDU SHUR HOORV
QRVHYHtDQQHUYLRVRV\DQVLRVRVFRPR\RSRUHOFRQWUDULRWRGRV
SDUHFtDQFRPSUHQGHUPX\ELHQODGLQiPLFDUHFXHUGRHVFXFKDUORV
KDEODUFRQQDWXUDOLGDG\VHJXULGDGVREUHORTXHKDFtDQ\VREUHGLIHUHQWHVSDUWHVGHOSDtVHQODVTXHKDEtDQHVWDGRVHVHQWtDXQDPELHQWHPX\FRPSHWLWLYR&RQWLQXpFRQHOSURFHVRHVWXGLpFRPSHWt
\£HXUHNDSDVp«
&LHQFLD\7HFQRORJtD0LSULPHUSUR\HFWR)XHURQXQDPH]FODGHVHQWLPLHQWRVORVTXHPHDFRPSDxDURQHVHSULPHUGtDSRUTXHDQWHVWHQtDXQWUDEDMRGRQGHSRFDVYHFHVFDPLQDEDVRODSRUOD
FLXGDGTXHDXQTXHIXHUDODPtDQRFRQRFtDELHQ\D~QPiVKDEtD
115
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
VLWLRVTXHQXQFDKDEtDYLVLWDGR0HSUHVHQWDURQD&éVDUTXLHQVHUtDPLVXSHUYLVRU\JXtD
SDUDLQFXUVLRQDUHQHVWHPXQGRGHODVHQFXHVWDV
/RSULPHURTXHUHFXHUGRFXDQGRWRGRFRPHQ]yHVTXHHUDHOPHVGHMXOLRGtDIHVWLYRVHLV\PHGLDGHODPDxDQDHQXQEDUULRGHODORFDOLGDGGH8VPHSDUDGDHQXQDHVTXLQD
WUDWDQGRGHXELFDUPH(OWUDEDMRHUDSRUUHFXHQWR\ORKLFHGHDFXHUGRFRQODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVSHURFXDQGRWRTXpHQODSULPHUDFDVDPHKLFLHURQVHJXLUVLQTXH\RDEULHUDPLERFD
SDUDH[SOLFDUORTXHHVWDEDKDFLHQGR/RTXHPiVPHVRUSUHQGLyIXHTXHFXDQGRHQWUé a
ODVDODPHHQFRQWUpURGHDGDGHYDULDVSHUVRQDVTXHHVWDEDQRUDQGR\VRORSUHJXQWDURQ
PLQRPEUH\HPSH]DURQDRUDUSRUPt£)XHPX\HPRWLYRHVHGtDVHQWtXQDYH]PiVTXH
'LRVPHHVWDEDSRQLHQGRHQHVHPRPHQWR\OXJDU\TXHPHLEDDLUPX\ELHQHQWRQFHV
URPStHQOODQWRVHQWtXQDHPRFLyQPX\JUDQGH5HVXOWyTXHHVWDHUDODFDVDGHXQOtGHUGHO
EDUULR\DOOtSXGHKDFHUPLSULPHUDHQFXHVWDHQODYLGD\pOVHRIUHFLyPX\DPDEOHPHQWHD
FRODERUDUPHHQORTXHQHFHVLWDUD
(VWDH[SHULHQFLDPHPRWLYyPXFKtVLPRVHQWtTXHHUDHOFDPLQR\VHJXtFRQPXFKR
HQWXVLDVPRDSHVDUGHTXHPHFRVWDEDXELFDUPHHUDXQDORFDOLGDGGHVFRQRFLGDSDUDPt
0LVFRPSDxHURVHQFDPELRSDUHFtDQVDEHUORWRGRPDQHMDEDQXQOHQJXDMHPX\SDUWLFXODU
\VHPRYtDQHQODFLXGDGFRQPXFKDIDFLOLGDGSHURWRGRHVWRSDUDPtHUDXQUHWR<RFDGD
GtDORJUDEDDGDSWDUPHPiVDOVLVWHPD\DODPELHQWHGHWUDEDMRVLQSHUGHUPLHVHQFLD
7UDEDMDPRVSRUXQWLHPSRHQ%RJRWiQRVDVLJQDURQOD]RQDGH6DQWD%iUEDUD\
8VDTXpQ \ DOOt PH IXH PX\ ELHQ UHFXHUGR TXH FRQRFt D XQD VHxRUD OODPDGD 0DUJDULWD
FRPRXQDGHPLVKLMDVPHKL]RVHJXLUDVXFDVD\ODHQWUHYLVWp(OODHUDXQDSHUVRQDPX\
ERQLWDPHFRQWyVXKLVWRULDGHYLGDPHGLRRQFHV\PHLQYLWyDDOPRU]DUDOÀQDOFXDQGR
PHGHVSHGtVDFyGHVXFORVHWXQVHQFLOORDEULJR\XQDEXIDQGDHOODPLVPDVHHQFDUJyGH
SRQpUPHORVQRTXHUtDTXH\RVLQWLHUDIUtR'HQXHYRODSUHVHQFLDGH'LRVHQPLYLGDVHQWt
TXHHUDeOHOTXHPHDFRJtD\FRQVHQWtDFRPRDXQDKLMD5HJUHVpOXHJRDHQWUHJiUVHORV
SHURQXQFDODYROYtDHQFRQWUDU
'HVSXpVYLDMDPRVD&~FXWD\HVWDIXHPLSULPHUDH[SHULHQFLDGHFRQYLYHQFLDpUDPRVFXDWURPXMHUHV\GRVKRPEUHVXQJUXSRPX\VLQJXODU7UDEDMDPRVFDVLXQPHVD
SHVDUGHODVGLIHUHQFLDVTXHVXUJLHURQ\DOÀQDOUHJUHVDPRVDDSR\DUHOWUDEDMRHQ%RVD$OOt
KDFtDODVHQFXHVWDVFRQPXFKDIDFLOLGDG«UHFXHUGRHVWDUWUDEDMDQGRFXDQGROODPDURQGH
ODHPSUHVDSDUDGHFLUQRVTXH\DQRKLFLpUDPRVPiV
1RIXHXQSUR\HFWRIiFLOSRUTXHGXUDQWHHOFDPLQRUHQXQFLyPXFKDJHQWHVLQHPEDUJR\RFRQWLQXpKDVWDHOÀQDOSDUDPtHUDXQUHWR\XQJXVWRPRWLYRSRUHOFXDOQXQFD
EDMéODJXDUGLD
,QQXPHUDEOHVH[SHULHQFLDVFLXGDGHVSHUVRQDV\DGDSWDFLRQHVKDQSDVDGRHQHVWD
YLGDTXHPHOOHYDDFXPSOLUWUHVDxRVHQ6(,6RQPXFKDVODVSHUVRQDVFRQODVTXHKH
FRPSDUWLGRKHOORUDGR\KHUHtGRKHVHQWLGRTXH\DQRSXHGRPiVPHKDQUHFKD]DGR
KHFDPLQDGR\PHKHFDQVDGRPHKHVHQWLGRVROD\OHMRVGHFDVDSHURWDPELpQKHVHQWLGR«TXHWRGRHVIXHU]RKDYDOLGRODSHQDSRUTXHHQHVWHFDPLQRTXHOOHYRUUHFRULGRKDQ
116
Mi llegada a sei
y mi primer proyecto
VLGRPXFKDVODVYLYHQFLDV\PXFKRVORVPRPHQWRVHQTXHKHYLVWRiQJHOHVHQYLDGRVSRU
'LRVDPLIDYRU\KDQVLGRPXFKDVODVSXHUWDV\ODVYHQWDQDVDELHUWDVSDUDPt7DPELpQ
PHKHUHQRYDGRVHKDR[LJHQDGRODUHODFLyQFRQPLHVSRVR\PLVKLMDVKHHVWXGLDGRKH
DSUHQGLGRVREUHWHPDVTXHQRFRQRFtDKHYHQFLGRPXFKRVPLHGRVKHFRPSHWLGRFRQ
IXHU]D\FRPSURPLVR\WDPELpQKHVHQWLGRODIHOLFLGDGGHKDEHUJDQDGR'HVGHHOSULPHU
PRPHQWRDFDGDSDVRFUHFHHQPtODVDWLVIDFFLyQSRUODODERUFXPSOLGD+R\SXHGRGHFLU
TXHVR\XQDPHMRUSHUVRQD\XQPHMRUVHUKXPDQRXQDPHMRUPXMHUPDGUHKLMD\HVSRVD
\DTXHSRUHVWRVFDPLQRVGH'LRVKHYLVWRODUHDOLGDGGHXQSDtVGRQGHWHHQFXHQWUDVFRQ
WRGR\FRQWRGRVGRQGHDSUHQGHVGHFDGDSHUVRQDFRQODTXHKDEODV\HVFXFKDVVREUHVXV
VXHxRV\H[SHFWDWLYDV
/DYLGDQRHVWDQGLItFLOFXDQGRW~ORJUDVHQWHQGHUTXHODVHQFLOOH]\ODKRQHVWLGDGWH
OOHYDQDOXJDUHV\DVHUHVLQLPDJLQDEOHV+R\SXHGRGHFLUTXHVR\SHUIHFWDPHQWHKXPDQD
\TXHOOHYRPLVGtDVLPSUHJQDGRVGHPD\RUWUDQTXLOLGDGSRQLpQGROHHOFRUD]yQDWRGROR
TXHKDJR
117
118
R
Una mirada de la vida,
desde aquellos ojos
ya sin luz
$XWRU&\EHU
HVXOWDPX\VHQFLOORGHFLU£1RPHJXVWD£(VDPDUFD\DSDVyGH
PRGD£1RPHJXVWDHVWDFRPLGD£0LWHOpIRQRHVHOPiVPDOR
RFRVDVFRPR£4XLHURSDQLQWHJUDOEHELGDVGLHWpWLFDVR£HVWRPH
YD D HQJRUGDU« 7DO YH] SRU PL HVWLOR GH YLGD QXQFD SHQVp HQ
SHTXHxDV FRVDV TXH UHDOPHQWH VRQ PX\ JUDQGHV HQ PL YLGD ORV
DEUD]RVGHPDPiODVVRQULVDVGHPLVKLMDVHOFRPSDUWLUFRQPLV
KHUPDQRVRHOVLPSOHJHVWRGHDPRUHQWUHXQDSDUHMDFRPRHVXQ
EHVR(OWLHPSRYDSDVDQGR\QRORYHPRV3HUR«DTXHOGtDPL
YLGDFDPELySRUFRPSOHWRSXHVFRQRFtDXQJUDQSHUVRQDMH(OPH
HQVHxyTXHODYLGDQRVHWUDWDVLPSOHPHQWHGHORTXHWLHQHVRGHOR
TXHTXLHUHVVHU
0L HQWUDGD D 6(, IXH VLPSOHPHQWH FRLQFLGHQFLD QXQFD PH
LPDJLQpTXHXQDHPSUHVDWRWDOPHQWHGHVFRQRFLGDSDUDPtPHOOHQDUDGHWDQWDVDOHJUtDV\YLYHQFLDVDGHPiVGHORVSDVHRVDORVFXDOHV
PHPDQGDQMDMDMD3LHQVRTXHFRPRWRGRQRYDWRTXHOOHJDDODHPSUHVDPHSUHJXQWDEDFRQPLHGR¢TXpYR\DKDFHU"\SHRUWRGDYtD
VLQQXQFDHQODYLGDKDEHUKHFKRXQDHQFXHVWDODGXGDPHDVDOWDED
FRQXQ«¢\VLQRVLUYRSDUDHVWR"
0L SULPHU SUR\HFWR IXH UXUDO PH DWHUUDED HO KHFKR GH LU D
FDPSRPHSUHJXQWDEDTXpHVHVDYDLQD\FXDQGRPHH[SOLFDURQ
WRGRPHGLMH'LRVPtR\RTXpHVWR\KDFLHQGRSHURDOJRGHQWUR
GH Pt PH GHFtD TXH WHQtD TXH KDFHUOR /D FDSDFLWDFLyQ IXH UHOD[
119
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
MHMHMH\\RSHQVDEDHVWRHVPX\IiFLO\DVtIXH£SDVp-XQWRFRQXQJUXSRGHSHUVRQDMHV
XQDPDPLWDTXHQRVFXLGDEDXQKHUPDQRFRQHOFXDOFRLQFLGLPRVHQPXFKDVFRVDV\HO
VXSHUYLVRUTXHSDUDYDULDU£HVWDEDELHQSHUGLGRSHURFDGDXQRPX\HVSHFLDODVXPDQHUD
QRVHQFDPLQDPRVDORTXHSDUDPtHUDXQDDYHQWXUDHQHVHPRPHQWR
0LSULPHUGHVWLQR2UWHJD7ROLPD£TXpSDUDtVR\TXpFDORUWDQEHUUDFR<HPSH]y
PLSULPHUSUREOHPD£ODFRPLGDIXHURQGtDVDSXQWDGHDUUR]IULMRO\SDWDFyQDOGHVD\XQRDOPXHU]R\FRPLGD£)XHWHUULEOHSHURWRGRHVWRFDPELyDTXHOGtDTXHFRQRFtDO
SHUVRQDMHTXHVLQTXHUHUPHHQVHxyODVULTXH]DVGHPLYLGD
/RVSULPHURVGtDVIXHURQFUtWLFRVDOYHUWDQWDSREUH]D\WDQWDVSHUVRQDVTXHSDVDQ
QHFHVLGDGHVDOJR\DYLVWRSRUPtHQORVQRWLFLHURV\GHPiVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQKDVWD
TXHFDVLDOÀQDOGHOSUR\HFWRHQDOJ~QOXJDUGH2UWHJDPHDVLJQDURQODPHMRUHQFXHVWDGH
WRGDV£GRQ(QULTXH
'RQ(QULTXHXQDEXHORFDPSHVLQRFRPRFXDOTXLHURWURYLYtDHQODVPRQWDxDVD
FDVLXQDKRUDGHFDPLQRGRQGHQLVLTXLHUDOOHJDURQODVEHVWLDVEXHQR\RVtSHURQRHQWUDEDQPXODVQLEXUURV\PXFKRPHQRVFDEDOORV$TXHODEXHORFRQHOFXDO\DHVWDEDDOJR
DVXVWDGRSXHVWRTXHORVYHFLQRVPHGHFtDQ´YDPRVORDFRPSDxDPRVSRUTXHHOYLHMRHVWi
ORFR\OHSXHGHKDFHUDOJRµ(VH´YLHMRORFRµPHUHFLELyFRPRDXQKLMR\PHFRQWyWRGD
VXKLVWRULD'RQ(QULTXHYLYtDVRORPHLQYLWyDVHJXLUDVXFDVDXQDHQUDPDGDFRQGRV
SDORVODUJRVFODYDGRVIRUPDQGRXQDHVSHFLHGHWULiQJXORDPDUUDGRFRQXQDFDEX\DPiV
YLHMDTXHpOPLVPRPHSUHVXPtDVXWHFKRXQSRFRGHUDPDV\KRMDVGHSOiWDQRIRUPDQGR
HOPLVPRWULiQJXORFRQSRFRPiVGHXQPHWURGHIRQGRPHPRVWUyVXVDODTXHDODYH]
HUDVXGRUPLWRULRVXFRPHGRUVXHVWXGLR\HQRFDVLRQHVKDVWDVXUHIXJLRFXDQGRHQGtDV
GHWRUPHQWDVHOpFWULFDVpOVHSURWHJtDHQVXSHTXHxRKRJDUDVXVWDGRSRUHOIXHUWHVRQLGR
GHORVYLHQWRV\SRUORVWUXHQRVFDVLHQVRUGHFHGRUHVTXHFDtDQDOUHGHGRUeOPHGHFtD²\R
VROROHSLGRD'LRVOORUDQGRTXHPHSURWHMD\TXHXQUD\RGHHVRVQRPHFRMD(VWRPHOR
FRQWyFRPRVLORHVWXYLHUDYLYLHQGRHQHVHPRPHQWR\FRQOiJULPDVHQVXVRMRVPHRIUHFLyDOJRGHEHEHULQYLWiQGRPHPX\FRUGLDOPHQWHDVXFRFLQDXELFDGDH[DFWDPHQWHDXQRV
SRFRVFHQWtPHWURVGHVXKRJDU\FRPSXHVWDGHWUHVSLHGUDVFRQDOJRGHSDORV\FDUEyQ
\DFDVLFRQVXPLGRV6XROODHUDXQDODWDGHOHFKH.OLP\DQHJUDGHOWL]QHTXHFRQWHQtDXQ
SRFRGHWLQWRSUHSDUDGRHQODPDxDQD\TXHVHUYtDHQXQSRFLOORGHODWD
0LHQWUDVPHFRQWHVWDEDODHQFXHVWDPHFRQWDEDGHVXYLGD\WRGRORTXHSDVDED
GHVGHKDFH\DPXFKRVDxRV(VLQFUHtEOHTXHXQVHUWDQHVSHFLDOFRPRGRQ(QULTXHFRQ
WDQWRDPRUSDUDGDUHVWXYLHUDDVtGHDEDQGRQDGRHQODVVHOYDVGH&RORPELD(QXQPRPHQWRpOPHGLMR²<RDXVWHGORVLHQWRFRPRDXQKLMRSRUTXHKDFHPXFKRVDxRVQDGLH
PHYLVLWDED\PHFRQWyGHVXVKLMRV\TXHWDQVRORXQRGHHOORVOHHQYLDEDSHVRV
FDGDFXDWURPHVHV\FRQHVRVREUHYLYtDDGHPiVGHORSRFRTXHORJUDEDFXOWLYDUHQXQDV
WLHUUDVTXHQLVLTXLHUDHUDQSURSLDV)XHHQHVHPRPHQWRHQHOTXHFRPSUHQGtHOYDORUGH
HVWDODERUGHD\XGDUDODVSHUVRQDVREXHQRWUDWDUGHKDFHUDOJRSRUHOODVSXHVFLHUWDPHQWHSDUDHOHQFXHVWDGRUHVXQDPDQHUDGHJDQDUVHODYLGD\HVXQDHQFXHVWDPiVSHUR
120
Una mirada de la vida,
desde aquellos ojos
ya sin luz
SDUDHOORVHVODHVSHUDQ]DGHTXHHOWUDEDMRTXHHVWDPRVUHDOL]DQGRWHQJDDOJ~QWLSRGH
UHVXOWDGRV\OHVSXHGDD\XGDUHQHOIXWXUR
(ODWDUGHFHUPHREOLJyDGHVSHGLUPHQRVLQDQWHVOOHYDUPHODVVRQULVDV\ODVDQpFGRWDVGHDTXHOSHUVRQDMHTXHPHUHFLELyFRQXQDJUDQDOHJUtDFRPRQXQFDDQWHVQDGLH
ORKDEtDKHFKR0HUHJDOyXQSDUGHPDQJRVTXHKDEtDUHFRJLGR\PHGHVSLGLyFRQXQ
DEUD]R\XQDEHQGLFLyQGLFLpQGRPH²-RYHQHVSHURTXHYXHOYDRFXDQGREDMHDOSXHEOR
QRVYHDPRV«
1XQFDOHSXGHFXPSOLUORTXHpOPHSHGtD\DOTXHUHUYROYHUSHQVDEDHQTXH\DQROR
HQFRQWUDUtDSRUVXPDOHVWDGRGHVDOXG«DGHPiVSUHÀHURUHFRUGDUORFRQHVDDOHJUtDFRQOD
TXHPHUHFLELy\JXDUGDUHQPLFRUD]yQWRGRDTXHOORTXHPHEULQGyDXQFXDQGRQRWHQtD
QDGD\HQFDPELREULQGDUOHXQDRUDFLyQSRUTXHVLQSHQVDUORpOPHHQVHxyDYHUODYLGDD
WUDYpVGHVXVRMRVXQRVRMRVTXHFRQHOSDVDUGHOWLHPSR\DVHOHVKDEtDDSDJDGRVXOX]
121
122
E
Un día más de trabajo
Autor: Lugo
UDXQGtDPiVGHWUDEDMRHOVROEULOODEDSRUVXDXVHQFLD\KDFtD
XQIUtRSRFRFRP~QSDUDODUHJLyQ
$ ODV VLHWH \ PHGLD GH OD PDxDQD OOHJDPRV D OD YHUHGD /D
&ULVWDOLQDTXHTXHGDEDDFDVLGRVKRUDVGHOFDVFRXUEDQRGHXQPXQLFLSLRGHO&DXFDeUDPRVGLH]SHUVRQDVHQWRWDOFLQFRGHOJUXSR
\FLQFRmototaxistasTXHQRVWUDQVSRUWDEDQ0LVFRPSDxHURV\\R
HPSH]DPRVDSUHJXQWDUSRUODVSHUVRQDVTXHWHQtDPRVTXHYLVLWDU
HVHGtDSRUTXHHVWDEDQHQOD5HG8QLGRV
/DV WUHV SHUVRQDV TXH PH FRUUHVSRQGLHURQ YLYtDQ PX\ GLVSHUVDVHQODYHUHGD\OD~QLFDIRUPDGHOOHJDUHUDDSLHDVtTXHFRQ
DOJXQDVVHxDVTXHPHGLHURQHPSUHQGtHOFDPLQRPRQWDxDDUULED
/XHJR GH FDPLQDU PiV R PHQRV XQRV YHLQWH PLQXWRV HO FDPLQR
GHVDSDUHFLy\RQRVDEtDSRUGyQGHVHJXLU\QRHQFRQWUDEDDQDGLH
TXH PH SXGLHUD XELFDU HVWDED GHVRULHQWDGD \ GHYROYHUPH QR HUD
XQDRSFLyQDVtTXHVHJXtFDPLQDQGRSRUHQWUHPDOH]DiUEROHV\
KRMDVYHUGHVTXHKDEtDQSRUWRGRHOOXJDU\TXHGHVSXpVPHHQWHUDUtDTXHHUDQFXOWLYRVGHFRFD
$OUDWRHQFRQWUpXQFDPLQRRPHMRUGLFKRGRVXQRTXHLED
SRUODGHUHFKD\HORWURSRUODL]TXLHUGDWRPpHOGHODGHUHFKDGH
XQPRPHQWRDRWURHVWDEDIUHQWHDXQDHVSHFLHGHFDPEXFKHTXH
WHQtDWHODYHUGHDORVODGRVHOWHFKRGHWHMDVGH]LQF\VLQSXHUWD
SRUORTXHSXGHYHUFDQHFDVJUDQGHV\JDORQHVGHSOiVWLFR«\DPH
LPDJLQDEDTXHHUDSXHVQRVORKDEtDQGLFKRDQWHVODVDXWRULGDGHV
GHOPXQLFLSLR/DYHUGDGHVTXHPHDVXVWpXQSRFROODPpHQYR]
DOWDSHURQDGLHFRQWHVWyVLQHPEDUJRPHVHQWtDREVHUYDGDVHJXt
FDPLQDQGRUiSLGR\VLQPLUDUPXFKR
123
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
'HVSXpVGHFDPLQDUSRUPLQXWRVHQFRQWUpDXQDIDPLOLDWUDEDMDQGRHQXQVHPLOOHURGHFRFDHOORVPX\DPDEOHVPHHQVHxDURQODIRUPDHQTXHKDFtDQHOVHPLOOHUR\
GHVSXpVFyPRVHPEUDEDQHQODWLHUUDODVSODQWDV8QKLMRGHHOORVXQQLxRFRPRGHRFKR
DxRVHVWDEDFRJLHQGRODVKRMDVYHUGHV\ODVHFKDEDHQXQFRVWDOOHSUHJXQWpDOQLxRTXp
HVWDEDKDFLHQGR\PHGLMRTXHHVRHUDUDVSDU£DKRUD\R\DVDEtDGHSULPHUDPDQRORTXH
HUDQ\SRUTXHOHVGHFtDQUDVSDFKLQHV3DUDHVWDIDPLOLDWRGRHVWRHUDDOJRQRUPDODVtTXH
OHUHVWpLPSRUWDQFLDDODVXQWRSUHJXQWpSRUODVSHUVRQDVTXHHVWDEDEXVFDQGR\PHLQGLFDURQFyPROOHJDUPHGLHURQOLPRQDGD\PHGHVHDURQVXHUWH
/OHJXpDOSULPHUKRJDUFDVLDODVGHODPDxDQDHUDQWUHVSHUVRQDVSRUORTXHQR
GHPRUpPXFKRHQHVDFDVDHOMHIHGHHVHKRJDUWDPELpQVHGHGLFDEDDOFXOWLYRGHFRFD/D
YHUGDGHVTXHDGHPiVGHDOJXQRVSRFRVFXOWLYRVGHSOiWDQROR~QLFRTXHKDEtDVHPEUDGR
SRUWRGRVODGRVHUDFRFD
&XDQGRVDOtGHDOOtHUDFDVLODXQDGHODWDUGH(QFRQWUDUDOSUy[LPRKRJDUQRIXH
GLItFLOHVWDEDUHODWLYDPHQWHFHUFDGHOSULPHURSRUORTXHPHGLDKRUDGHVSXpV\DHVWDED
HQFXHVWDQGRSHURHVWHKRJDUHUDPiVQXPHURVR\GHPRUpPiV3DUDFXDQGRLEDKDFLDHO
WHUFHUKRJDU\DHUDWDUGHHVWDEDQXEODGR\QRHVWDEDVHJXUDGHLUSHURGHFLGtQRGHMDUOR
SDUDODPDxDQDVLJXLHQWH
0H KDEtDQ GLFKR TXH WHQtD TXH VHJXLU VXELHQGR PRQWDxD SDUD FRUWDU FDPLQR \
OOHJDUPiVUiSLGRDVtTXHHPSHFpDVXELU\GHXQPRPHQWRDRWURHPSH]yDOORYHU«\R
QR OOHYDED LPSHUPHDEOH QL VRPEULOOD WHQtD PXFKR IUtR \ WDPSRFR KDEtD FRPLGR QDGD
GHVGHODPDxDQD(OFDPLQRVHIXHHVWUHFKDQGRORTXHPHKL]RFDPLQDUSRUHOERUGHGH
ODPRQWDxDFRPRHQXQSUHFLSLFLRHVWDEDUHVEDORVRDVtTXHFRJtXQSDORSDUDDSR\DUPH
QRKDEtDVLWLRSDUDUHIXJLDUPHGHODOOXYLDOXHJRGHEtDFDPLQDUUiSLGR\OOHJDUGHXQDYH]
SRUWRGDV
&XDQGRHQFRQWUpSRUÀQDHVHKRJDUWRGDVPLVSHQDVGHVDSDUHFLHURQHVWDVSHUVRQDVHUDQWRGDYtDPiVSREUHVTXHODVTXHKDEtDYLVLWDGRDQWHVHUDXQDIDPLOLDLQGtJHQD\VX
YLYLHQGDHVWDEDIRUPDGDSRUODPRQWDxDGRQGHHODJXDGHODOOXYLDHVFXUUtDSRUODVSDUHGHV
HOSLVRHUDGHWLHUUD\HOIRJyQHVWDEDHQPHGLRGHODFXHYD(UDQVLHWHSHUVRQDVHOSDSiOD
PDPi\FLQFRQLxRVODPD\RUGHQXHYHDxRV\HOPiVSHTXHxRGHPHVHVGHQDFLGR
/R SULPHUR TXH PH SUHJXQWDURQ FRQ FDUDV GH DVRPEUR IXH FyPR KDEtD OOHJDGR
KDVWDDOOt\FRQVHPHMDQWHDJXDFHUR(QVHJXLGDPHKLFLHURQVHJXLU\QRWpHOFDORUGHOIRJyQXQFDORUPX\DJUDGDEOH«OXHJRPHGLHURQDJXDGHSDQHODFDOLHQWHTXHPHFDOHQWyHO
FXHUSR<DVHFD\FRQDOJRHQHOHVWyPDJRHPSHFpDKDFHUHOWUDEDMR
&XDQGRWHUPLQpODOOXYLDKDEtDFHVDGR6DOtGHODYLYLHQGD\YLTXHSDVDQGRHOUtR
KDEtDXQDFDUUHWHUDDKtPHGLFXHQWDTXHPHHVWDEDQHVSHUDQGRODVXSHUYLVRUD\HOVHxRU
GHODPRWRHOODHPSH]yDKDFHUVHxDV\DOODPDUPH\ROHFRQWHVWpDJLWDQGRHOSDORTXH
OOHYDEDFRPREDVWyQ'HVSXpVGHPXFKDVEHQGLFLRQHV\EXHQRVGHVHRVSRUSDUWHGHOD
VHxRUDTXHPHKDEtDDFRPSDxDGRKDVWDSDVDUHOSXHQWHQRVGHVSHGLPRV$OUHXQLUPHFRQ
124
Un día más de trabajo
ODVXSHUYLVRUD\FRQHOmototaxistaHOODPHGLMRTXHPHKDEtDQHVWDGREXVFDQGRTXHHVWDED
SUHRFXSDGD\PiVSRUTXHQRKDEtDVHxDOGHFHOXODU
/OHJDPRVDOSXHEORDODQRFKHFHUFRQKDPEUH\IUtRSHURWRGRVDOLyELHQJUDFLDVD
'LRVKD\PXFKDJHQWHEXHQDHQHVWHSDtV<DVtWHUPLQyXQGtDPiVGHWUDEDMR
125
126
F
La visita a un lugar
recóndito
Autor: Negra
XHHQXQPHVGHIHEUHURFXDQGRFRQIRUPpXQHTXLSRGHWUDEDMRFRQFRPSDxHULWRVFRQORVTXHSDUDYDULDUQRKDEtDWUDEDMDGRDQWHVSHURHVWDEDQOLVWRVSDUDSDUWLUDWLHUUDVOHMDQDV7LHUUDVTXH
HQGHWHUPLQDGRPRPHQWRGHPLYLGDKDEtDSHQVDGRYLVLWDU9LDMDPRVSRUODVFDUUHWHUDVGHQXHVWURKHUPRVRSDtVDOJXQDVEDVWDQWH
HVWURSHDGDVRWUDVXQSRFRPHQRVSHURFRQODH[SHFWDWLYDFRQVWDQWHGHTXpVHUtDORTXHQRVGHSDUDEDQXHVWUROXJDUGHGHVWLQR$Vt
DERUGDPRVQXHVWURSULPHUPXQLFLSLR1HLUDHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH
&DOGDVWLHUUDGHJHQWHPX\VHUYLFLDOSDLVDVTXHOODPDQWUDEDMDGRUHVSHUVRQDVDODVTXHW~OHVKDFtDVXQDSUHJXQWD\WHFRQWDEDQWRGD
XQDKLVWRULD
(OHVWXGLRHUDSDUDDVRFLDFLRQHVYHUHGDOHVODJHQWHKHUPRVD
FRPRVLHPSUHUHFLELHQGRDORVYLVLWDQWHVTXHHQHVWHFDVROOHYiEDPRVEDVWDQWHVSUHJXQWDVVREUHVXHVWLORGHYLGDFRVWXPEUHVWUDEDMRV\TXHKDFHUHVDOJXQDVSHUVRQDVVHPRVWUDEDQUHDFLDVDUHVSRQGHURWUDVDELHUWDVDFRQWHVWDUWRGDVODVLQTXLHWXGHVFRPRVXFHGHHQ
WRGROXJDUTXHQRVWRFDYLVLWDU
£(MH&DIHWHUR/DPDJLDGHOFDIpFOLPDVGLYHUVRVSDLVDMHVEHOORVFRPLGDGHOLFLRVD«DXQTXHDOJXQDVYHUHGDVXQSRFRUHFyQGLWDVSHURVHORJUy
(QFDGDPXQLFLSLRVHYLYHQVLWXDFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHVTXHWHUPLQDQHQDQpFGRWDVFRPRHVWDUKRVSHGDGRVHQHOVHJXQGRSLVRGHOD
HVWDFLyQGHORVERPEHURVRTXHHQXQSDUWLGRGHI~WEROPLHQWUDV
QRVWRPiEDPRVXQFDIpXQFRPSDxHULWRKLQFKDGH0LOORQDULRVHV127
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
WDEDWDQFRQFHQWUDGRTXHJULWyJRRRRRRO\HUDXQSDUWLGRFRQWUD1DFLRQDOMDMDMDPHQRV
PDOHUDXQSXHEOLWR\ODJHQWHHUDV~SHUTXHULGD7DPELpQHVWDEDQODVODUJDVWUDYHVtDVHQ
PRWROOHJDQGRDQRTXHUHUYHUXQDVLOODRSXHEORVHQGRQGHODOX]ODFRUWDQGHVSXpVGH
ODVGHODQRFKHSHURWRGDVHVDVH[SHULHQFLDVKDFHQSDUWHGHOYLDMH\GHORVOXJDUHVTXH
YLVLWDPRV 3DUWH HVHQFLDO GH WRGDV HVWDV WUDYHVtDV VRQ QXHVWURV FRPSDxHURV GH WUDEDMR
WRGRV PX\ SLORV QRV UHWURDOLPHQWiEDPRV HQ QXHVWUDV LQTXLHWXGHV\ QRV OOHQiEDPRV GH
KLVWRULDVWRGRHOWLHPSR
/XHJROOHJyHOGHVWLQRWDQHVSHUDGR£&KRFyWLHUUDUHFyQGLWDPLVWHULRVD\FRQQHFHVLGDGHVGHGLYHUVDVtQGROHVSHURODDYHQWXUDTXHQRVHVSHUDEDHVWDEDODWHQWH,QLFLDPRV
HVHODUJRYLDMH\DOOOHJDUDOSULPHUGHVWLQRQRVHVSHUDEDODWUDYHVtDSRUFKDOXSDMDMDMD\D
TXHHVFDVLLQGLVSHQVDEOHDOOOHJDUDO&KRFyWHQHUTXHDWUDYHVDUHOUtRHQHVWHPHGLRGH
WUDQVSRUWHTXHDVLPSOHYLVWDVHYHEDVWDQWHLQHVWDEOHHLQVHJXURSHURDKttEDPRVOLVWRV\
DQVLRVRVWRGRHOWLHPSR3DUWLPRVHQKRUDVGHODWDUGHODYHUGDGHVWDEDEDVWDQWHRVFXUR
SRUTXHHVWDEDOORYLHQGR/DPRUDGDTXHQRVHVSHUDEDHUDXQDFDVDGHGRVSLVRVKHFKD
HQPDGHUDHVWDEDXELFDGDDOERUGHGHOUtRUHFXHUGRPXFKRHOEDxR£HUDXQFXHQWRFRPSOHWRVLPSOHPHQWHHQXQOXJDUGHOSULPHUSLVRKDEtDXQDWD]DFRQXQDSXHUWDPRYLEOH
R´WUDVWHDEOHµPHMRUGLFKR\ODGXFKDHUDXQDOODYHFRQXQSODWyQHQXQSDVLOORDWHFKR
DELHUWR«%XHQRHVRKDFHSDUWHGHODV´FKRFRDYHQWXUDVµ(QODQRFKHVHLEDODOX]\VH
HVFXFKDEDDORVURHGRUHVVROOR]DU\VXVXUUDU«\FDVLROYLGRPHQFLRQDUHOIDFWRU´LQFRPXQLFDGRVµSXHVODVHxDOGHLQWHUQHW\GHFHOXODUHVSpVLPDHQÀQGXUDPRVPX\SRFR
3DUDFXOPLQDUODWDUHDWHQtDPRVTXHYLDMDUD3L]DUURXQPXQLFLSLREDVWDQWHDOHMDGROD
WUDYHVtDHVWDYH]HUDHQDYLRQHWDQXQFDPHLPDJLQpUHDOPHQWHFyPRLEDDVHUODH[SHULHQFLD
GHHVWDUVHQWDGDMXVWRGHWUiVGHOSLORWRGHODYLyQHQXQHVSDFLRWDQUHGXFLGRGRQGHDGXUDV
SHQDVFDEHQVHLVSHUVRQDV\DPXFKtVLPRVNLOyPHWURVVREUHHOVXHOR£IXHLQFUHtEOH3HUR
DGHPiVODYLVWDGHVGHWDODOWXUDVDOLHQGRGH4XLEGyHUDFXHVWLRQDEOH\DTXHVHYHtDPXFKD
HURVLyQSRUODPLQHUtD7DPELpQVHSRGtDQGLYLVDUEDVWDQWHViUEROHV\GHYH]HQFXDQGRXQD
FDVDORSULPHURTXHXQRSHQVDEDHUDFyPRKDFHQSDUDVREUHYLYLUHQWDQDSDUWDGRVOXJDUHV
%XHQRWDPELpQVHORJUDEDGLYLVDUHOUtRHQWRGDVXH[WHQVLyQIXHPX\HPRFLRQDQWH
(OFOLPDGHO3DFtÀFRHVEDVWDQWHK~PHGR\FDOXURVR\REYLDPHQWHQRVVHQWtDPRV
FRQXQFDORUGHVDIRUDGR%XVFDPRVKRWHO\QRVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQXQDVRUSUHVDPX\JUDWD
SXHVHQXQOXJDUWDQDSDUWDGRGHODFDSLWDOKDEtDPiV´FRPRGLGDGHVµTXHHQHOODPLVPD7HQtDPRVXQEXHQKRWHO\ODHVWUDWHJLDDGHFXDGDSDUDWUDEDMDUODFXDOFRQVLVWLyHQ
DGHODQWDUORVOXJDUHVFHUFDQRVSHURHQFRQWUDPRVGHQWURGHODPXHVWUDXQOXJDUWRGDYtD
PiVDSDUWDGRGHGRQGHHVWiEDPRVXQDYHUHGDOODPDGD9LUXGRXELFDGDDWUHVKRUDVHQ
´-RKQVRQµPDUDGHQWURHQYLVWDGHORDOHMDGRGHOOXJDUFXDGUDPRVWRGRSDUDVDOLUDORWUR
GtDDODVVHLVGHODPDxDQDSHURODVOOXYLDVEDVWDQWHFRPXQHVHQODUHJLyQ3DFtÀFDQRQRV
GHMDURQHPEDUFDUHQQXHVWUDWUDYHVtD(OODQFKHURQRQRVSRGtDOOHYDUHQHVDVFRQGLFLRQHV
VLQHPEDUJRFRPRDODVGHODPDxDQDSRUÀQHPEDUFDPRV/RTXHUHDOPHQWHQRVHPH
KDEtDSDVDGRSRUODFDEH]DHUDTXHPHVXJHVWLRQDUDDQWHVGHYLDMDUSHQVDQGRHQTXHHOPDU
128
La visita a un lugar
recóndito
LEDDHVWDUSLFDGR\TXHSRGUtDPRVQDXIUDJDUHVDLGHDVHIXHIRUWDOHFLHQGRHQPLPHQWH
\ODYHUGDGWHPEODEDGHVGHHOPRPHQWRHQTXHPHVHQWpHQOD´-RKQVRQµTXHHUDXQD
FDQRDGHPDGHUDDODUJDGDFRQPRWRUGRQGHKDEtDTXHVHQWDUVHHQXQDVWDEODVGHPDGHUD
FDVLDODDOWXUDGHODPLVPDXQSRFRLQFyPRGRSHURHUDOD~QLFDIRUPDGHOOHJDUDHVD
YHUHGDSDUWLPRV\WRGDYtDFRQWLQXDEDOORYL]QDQGRIXHXQDWUDYHVtDEDVWDQWHDQJXVWLRVD
DOFRPLHQ]RSHUROXHJRDOLUFXELHUWRVSRUFDSDVSDUDQROOHJDUWDQPRMDGRVFRPHQFpD
VHQWLUVXHxR
)LQDOPHQWHOOHJDPRVPiVRPHQRVDODVWUHVGHODWDUGHKRUDHQODTXHHOKDPEUH
HUDWHQD]DIRUWXQDGDPHQWHOOHJDPRVDDOPRU]DU FRQXQDVRSDH[TXLVLWD\XQDEDQGHMD
PX\GHOLFLRVD«<OXHJRPDQRVDODREUDVDELHQGRGHDQWHPDQRTXHGHEtDPRVTXHGDUQRVSDUDPDGUXJDUQRVDLU\DTXHSRUPiVTXHOHPHWLpUDPRVODÀFKDQRSRGUtDPRV
VDOLUGHQRFKHKDFLDHOPXQLFLSLRSXHVVLQGXGDDOJXQDQRVSHUGHUtDPRV)XHXQDMRUQDGD
DUGXDSHURÀQDOPHQWH£WHUPLQDPRVFHQDPRV\DPDGUXJDUVHGLMR
'HWRGRVORVOXJDUHVHQGRQGHKHHVWDGRFUHRTXHHVHKDVLGRHOOXJDUPiVGLVWDQWH
GHOSDtVDOTXHKHYLDMDGRHQHOFXDOHQFRQWUpJHQWHPX\DWHQWDSHURDLVODGDGHWRGRTXH
VRORYLYHQGHODSHVFD\PX\SRFDJHQWHFRQRFHODFDSLWDOGHVXSURSLRGHSDUWDPHQWR
6XVFDOOHVHUDQPX\OLQGDVFXELHUWDVGHEODQFDV\JUDQGHVFRQFKDVGHPDUGHOWDPDxR
GHODSDOPDGHODPDQR6XVFDVDVPX\SDUHFLGDVDODVGHWRGDOD]RQDHUDQHQPDGHUD
FRQVWUXLGDVFRPRDXQPHWURVREUHHOVXHOR(QFXDQWRDORVVHUYLFLRVODJUDQPD\RUtDGH
JHQWHGHHVDUHJLyQXWLOL]DHODJXDOOXYLDSDUDVXFRQVXPRFRFLQDUEDxDUVH\GHPiVXVRV
DVtTXHD'LRVJUDFLDVHVXQDUHJLyQHQGRQGHOOXHYHEDVWDQWHDGLIHUHQFLDGHPXFKRVGH
ORVPXQLFLSLRVGH&yUGREDGRQGHODJHQWHWLHQHTXHGHVSOD]DUVHWUHVRFXDWURKRUDVHQ
ELFLFOHWDRDSLHSRUDJXDSDUDFXEULUVXVQHFHVLGDGHV9ROYLHQGRDODUHJLyQFKRFRDQD
ODFRPLGDEiVLFDHVHOSHVFDGRSHURFRQODPLQHUtDPXFKRVSHVFDGRUHVQRORJUDQSHVFDU
PXFKRSXHVODFRQWDPLQDFLyQPDWDDORVSHFHVRORVDOHMD
(VWDIXHXQDGHODVWDQWDVDYHQWXUDVGHVGHTXHWUDEDMRKDFLHQGRHQWUHYLVWDV(VWH
WUDEDMREULQGDXQSRFRGHWRGRWLHQHVODRSRUWXQLGDGGHFRQRFHU\YLYLUPRPHQWRV~QLFRVWRGRHOWLHPSR&UHRTXHODSDODEUDPRQRWRQtDQRH[LVWHSRUTXHVLHPSUHWLHQHVTXH
DIURQWDUQXHYRVUHWRVWDQWRGHFRQYLYHQFLDFRPRGHHVWDGtD\WUDVODGRVGHVGHHOFOLPDPiV
IUtRHQ&XDVSXGKDVWDHOPiVLQFDQGHVFHQWHHQXQDYHUHGDGH&KLQ~R&~FXWDSDUDQRLU
WDQOHMRVQDYHJDPRVSRUUtRVPDUHV\ODJRVYLDMDPRVHQWRGRVORVPHGLRVGHWUDQVSRUWH
KDELGRV\SRUKDEHUKDVWDDSLH\QRTXLQFHPLQXWRVKRUDVGHUHFRUULGRVLHPSUHDWHQWRV
QRVRORDOWUDEDMRVLQRDOHQWRUQRFRQRFLHQGRH[SHULHQFLDVGHYLGDDSUHQGLHQGRFRQVWDQWHPHQWH\YLYLHQGR
129
130
Autor: Andrés
Una gran lección de vida
E
QRFWXEUHGHPHSUHVHQWpDOSUR\HFWR$5'²(YDOXDFLyQGH,PSDFWRGH-XQWRV&XDQGRPHGLMHURQTXHSRGtD
SDUWLFLSDU HQ OD FDSDFLWDFLyQ HQ %RJRWi PH HPRFLRQp SRUTXH HO
WHPD PH SDUHFtD LQWHUHVDQWH \ VDEtD TXH LED D DSUHQGHU XQD JUDQ
OHFFLyQGHYLGD)XHXQDFDSDFLWDFLyQGXUDHQHOODUHDOPHQWHFRPSUHQGt TXH HO WUDEDMR TXH UHDOL]D 6(, HV PX\ LPSRUWDQWH SDUD HO
SDtV\TXHLEDDGDUORPHMRUGHPtDSR\DQGRDPLHTXLSRGDQGR
PLFRQRFLPLHQWRFRPRKHUUDPLHQWDSDUDORJUDUODPHWD\DGHPiV
URPSHUWRGRVPLVPLHGRV
0H HQWULVWHFt PXFKR FXDQGR VXSH TXH QR KDEtD SDVDGR OD
FDSDFLWDFLyQPHTXHGpXQRVGtDVHQ%RJRWi\HOGtDTXHPHLEDD
LUPHOODPyGLUHFWDPHQWHODFRRUGLQDGRUDSDUDTXHIXHUDDODRÀFLQD\FXDQGROOHJXpPHGLMR²3DEOR«¢WLHQHGLVSRQLELOLGDGSDUD
YLDMDU"²6t²%XHQRDOtVWHVHTXHVDOHKR\PLVPRSDUD$UJHOLDYLDMD
HQODQRFKH
<RQRWHQtDQLLGHDGRQGHTXHGDEDHVR\QRPHGLRWLHPSR
QLGHSUHJXQWDUOHGyQGHRFyPRHUD6LQHPEDUJRPHIXLDGRQGH
WHQtDPLVFRVDVWHUPLQpGHDOLVWDUODV\SDUWtKDFLDHOWHUPLQDOFRQ
GLUHFFLyQ D &DOL (Q &DOL HQFRQWUp D XQ VHxRU GH QRPEUH /XLV
TXHWDPELpQLEDSDUDHOPLVPRGHVWLQRHLEDDVHUPLFRPSDxHUR
GHWUDEDMRXQVHxRUPX\ELHQYHVWLGR\RGLUtDTXHGHPDVLDGRFRQ
]DSDWRVGHFKDURO\WUDMH'XUDQWHWRGRHOFDPLQRPHKDEOyGHVX
YLGDIXHURQKRUDVDJXDQWiQGRPHWRGDVXKLVWRULD\VXVPDUHRV
HQFXDQWDFXUYDGDEDHOEXV)XHPX\JUDFLRVRWRGRSHUR\R\DHVWDEDGHVHVSHUDGRQRKDOODEDODKRUDGHOOHJDUDOGHVWLQRGRQGHLED
LQLFLDUPLDYHQWXUD
131
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
&XDQGROOHJDPRVD$UJHOLDYLXQDVPRQWDxDVKHUPRVDVHOFOLPDHUDIDQWiVWLFRSHUR
VHVHQWtDXQDHQHUJtDPX\SHVDGD(VSHUpDTXHOOHJDUDODVXSHUYLVRUDDUHFRJHUQRVHOOD
OOHJyFRQRWUDVGRVLQWHJUDQWHVGHOJUXSRQRVDFRPRGDPRVHQHO~QLFRKRWHOTXHKDEtD
\ PH FRUUHVSRQGLy FRPSDUWLU KDELWDFLyQ FRQ HO VHxRU /XLV 1XHVWUDV FRPSDxHUDV QRV
FRQWDURQWRGRORTXHKDEtDQYLYLGRHQHVRVFXDWURGtDVTXHOOHYDEDQHQHOPXQLFLSLR/RV
GRVHQFXHVWDGRUHVDORVTXHQRVRWURVtEDPRVDUHHPSOD]DUVHKDEtDQLGRGHOSXHEORVLQ
GHFLUOHVQDGDVXSRQJR\RTXHSRUPLHGR(UDQODVVHLVGHODWDUGHGHOGHQRYLHPEUHHQ
$UJHOLD\QRVHHVFXFKDEDQLHOYLHQWRSDVDUSRUODVFDOOHV(VWHHUDXQPXQLFLSLRLQYDGLGR
SRUWRGRVORVJUXSRVDUPDGRVDOPDUJHQGHODOH\KDEtDSUHVHQFLDGH)$5&(/1SDUDPLOLWDUHVÉJXLODV1HJUDV8UDEHxRV5DVWURMRVVLQFRQWDUJUXSRVTXHQDFLHURQHQHVDV
GHQVDVPRQWDxDV/DYHUGDGPHVHQWtDHQXQDSHOtFXODGHWHUURUFRQXQSRFRGHFLHQFLD
ÀFFLyQ\PXFKtVLPDDFFLyQ)LQDOPHQWHORJUpGRUPLU\DODPDxDQDVLJXLHQWHHPSH]yOD
YHUGDGHUDDYHQWXUD7HQtDPRVTXHPRYLOL]DUQRVHQPRWRVSDUDOOHJDUDODYHUHGDDGRQGH
tEDPRV 0LHQWUDV YLDMiEDPRV KDFLD OD YHUHGD (O 0DQJR \R PH GHOHLWDED FRQ WRGDV ODV
PRQWDxDV\ODEHOOH]DQDWXUDOTXHWHQtDHVWHPXQLFLSLRKDVWDTXHFRPHQ]yODDFFLyQ«
HQWRGDVODVFDVDVKDEtDQFDQHFDVD]XOHVJUDQGHVFDUJDGDVGHKRMDV\SDVDEDQFDPLRQHWDV
OXMRVDVFRQFDPLRQHVDUHFRJHUGLFKDVFDQHFDVOXHJRVREUHYRODEDQKHOLFySWHURVSULYDGRV
\ERWDEDQFDMDVVHOODGDVHQYDULDVFDVDVHQWRQFHVPHVHQWt£PX\PX\DVXVWDGR6LJXLHQGR
HOFDPLQRLQWHQWDEDROYLGDUPHGHHVDVLPiJHQHV\SDUDHYLWDUHOSiQLFRREVHUYDEDHOFLHOR
GHVSHMDGR\ODVPRQWDxDVHQHVDVPRQWDxDVVRORKDEtDGRVFRORUHVHOYHUGHGHODVKRMDV
\HOURMRGHORVIUXWRV
3RUÀQOOHJDPRVDOSULPHUGHVWLQR\DPLSULPHUDHQFXHVWD£)XHWDQHVSHFLDOXQD
IDPLOLDGHLQGtJHQDVWDQIRUPDOHVFiOLGRV\OOHQRVGHDPRUTXHUHDOPHQWHFDVLOORURFXDQGR
PHFRQWDURQODKLVWRULDGHVXVYLGDV<ROHVGHFtDHQPLLJQRUDQFLDTXHWHQtDQXQDYLVWD
LQFUHtEOHFRQXQRVFDIHWDOHVKHUPRVRV\VROWDURQODFDUFDMDGD(VWDED\RPX\HQJDxDGR
SHQVDQGRTXHORTXHYHtDHQODVPRQWDxDVHUDFDIp(VWDIDPLOLDWUDEDMDGRUD\OXFKDGRUD
PHH[SOLFyGHTXpPDQHUDWHQtDQTXHYLYLUWRGRVHQHVWHPXQLFLSLR\TXHOR~QLFRTXH
GDEDGLQHUR\VXVWHQWRSDUDVXVIDPLOLDVHUDOD´FRFDµDGHPiVGHTXHHQHVWHPXQLFLSLRQR
HQWUDEDOH\DOJXQD<DFXDQGRFRPSUHQGtHVWDVLWXDFLyQVHPHKL]RQRUPDOWRGDODDFWLYLGDGHQHOOXJDU\QRPHGDEDPLHGR£0HGLRPiVPLHGRFXDQGRPHGLMHURQTXHOOHJDEDOD
VXSHUYLVLyQWpFQLFDGH%RJRWi\DKDEtDQSDVDGRGtDVGHVGHTXH\RHVWDEDHQFDPSR
HVHGtDHOVXSHUYLVRUWpFQLFR)HUQDQGRPHTXHUtDDFRPSDxDUDODYHUHGD(O*XLQHRXQD
YHUHGDPX\OHMDQD\GHGLItFLODFFHVRtEDPRVSRUXQDVRODHQFXHVWD\QRVWRFDEDLUFLQFR
KRUDVHQFDUUR\FXDWURDFDEDOORFXDQGRPHPRQWpDOFDEDOORHVWHVHDVXVWy\VHPH
IXHHQFLPDPHODVWLPyPX\IXHUWHODVURGLOODVDXQDVt\RWHQtDTXHPRVWUDUPLWUDEDMR\
FXPSOLUFRQPLGHEHUGHLUDYLVLWDUDHVDIDPLOLDSRUTXHVLQRHUDHQHVHPRPHQWRQRHUD
QXQFD(OUHFRUULGRIXHHVSHFWDFXODU$XQTXHHVWDEDFRQPXFKRGRORUSXGHYHUVLPLRV
URMRV\XQDSDQWHUDVHQWLURORUHV\WHPSHUDWXUDVGLVWLQWDV(OUHFRUULGRLPSOLFDEDHVWDUHQ
XQDPRQWDxDDPHWURVVREUHHOQLYHOGHOPDUOXHJRGHVFHQGHUD\VXELUD
IXHXQDVHQVDFLyQ~QLFDHLUUHSHWLEOH&XDQGRWHUPLQpODHQFXHVWD)HUQDQGRPHIHOLFLWy\
132
Una gran lección de vida
PHHORJLySRUODWHQDFLGDGGHKDEHUPHDJXDQWDGRHOFDPLQRHQHVDVFRQGLFLRQHV'HVGH
HQWRQFHV HO UHFXHUGR GH HVH DFRPSDxDPLHQWR IXH WHPD TXH FRPHQWy HQ YDULDV GH VXV
FDSDFLWDFLRQHV\HPSH]yDOODPDUPHDVXVSUR\HFWRVSRUTXHOHGHPRVWUpDPRUSRUPL
WUDEDMRFRPSURPLVRGLVSRVLFLyQ\DOJRPX\LPSRUWDQWHHQODYLGDDSUHQGHUDUHDOL]DU
VDFULÀFLRVSRUHOELHQHVWDUGHORVGHPiVVLQHVSHUDUQDGDDFDPELR
*UDFLDV6(,SRUHQVHxDUPHWDQWRSRUKDFHUPHPiVKXPDQR\KXPLOGHSRUSHUPLWLUPHFRQRFHUWLHUUDVLQH[SORUDGDVSRUPXFKRVSRUFRQRFHUFXOWXUDVQXHYDV\DSUHQGHU
GHHOODVSRUGDUPHODRSRUWXQLGDGGHYLYLUWRGDVHVWDVIDQWiVWLFDVH[SHULHQFLDVTXHHVOR
~QLFRTXHQDGLHSRGUiDUUDQFDUGHPt
133
134
+
Un viaje inesperado
Autor: Bruno
DFLDHODxRVDOLPRVXQJUXSRGHRFKRFRPSDxHURVGH
WUDEDMRDUHDOL]DUXQHVWXGLRSDUD)DPLOLDVHQ$FFLyQ8QRGH
ORVSULPHURVPXQLFLSLRVTXHWUDEDMDPRVIXH7RULELR&DXFDXELFDGRHQORVQXGRVGHPRQWDxDVTXHJHQHUDQQXHVWUDVWUHVFRUGLOOHUDV
HQWUHSDLVDMHV~QLFRVHLQROYLGDEOHV(OFOLPDGH7RULELRHVIUtRVX
SREODFLyQHVLQGtJHQDVXSULQFLSDOIXHQWHGHVXVWHQWRHVODJDQDGHUtDODDJULFXOWXUD\WDPELpQSXGHQRWDUTXHORVFXOWLYRVLOtFLWRVVRQ
XQDIXHQWHGHLQJUHVRVDWUDFWLYD\OXFUDWLYDHQHVWD]RQDSXHVWRTXH
HQPLHVWDQFLDREVHUYpFXOWLYRVGHFRFD\PDULKXDQD(PSUHQGLPRV
QXHVWURYLDMHKDFLDDTXHOOXJDUGHVFRQRFLGRSDUDPt8QDYH]DOOtHO
JUXSRGHWUDEDMRIXHDUHDOL]DUODSUHVHQWDFLyQDODDOFDOGtDSHURQR
IXHSRVLEOHSRUTXHODVHGHKDEtDVLGRDWDFDGDSRUODJXHUULOODGRV
GtDVDQWHVGHQXHVWUDOOHJDGDVHJ~QQRVLQIRUPyHOHQODFHPXQLFLSDO$OHVFXFKDU\YHUHVWRHPSHFpDVHQWLUDOJRGHPLHGRSHUR\D
HVWDEDDOOt\KDEtDTXHFXPSOLUFRQPLWUDEDMR
'HEtDPRV YLVLWDU YHUHGDV SHUR VLHPSUH FRQWiEDPRV FRQ HO
DSR\R\SHUPLVRGHOtGHUHVFRPXQDOHV\GHODJXDUGLDLQGtJHQD&DGD
YH]TXHVDOtDPRVORVSDLVDMHVTXHFRQWHPSOiEDPRVHUDQJUDQGHV\
KHUPRVDVPRQWDxDVFXOWLYRVGHFRFD\PRQWHQXQFDHQPLYLGD
KDEtDYLVWRXQFXOWLYRGHPDULKXDQDHQXQDH[WHQVLyQWDQJUDQGH
GHWLHUUD\DOXPEUDGDHQODVQRFKHVFRQFLHQWRVGHERPELOORVTXHDO
PLUDUVHGHVGHORDOWRSDUHFtDQRWURSXHEOLWR
Una tarde veníamos con mis compañeros de regreso al pueEORDOEDMDUQRVGHOMHHSHPSH]DPRVDHVFXFKDUXQDVLUHQDYHtDTXH
WRGDVODVSHUVRQDVOOHYDEDQFROFKRQHWDVPDOHWDV\GHPiVFRVDV(QWUpHQSiQLFRHQPLPHQWHSHQVpODJXHUULOODHVWiDTXt8QRGHPLV
135
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
FRPSDxHURVSUHJXQWyTXpSDVDED\ODUHVSXHVWDIXHTXHVHYHQtDODDYDODQFKDSRUHOUtR
TXHVDFiUDPRVORTXHPiVSXGLpUDPRV/OHJDPRVUiSLGDPHQWHDOKRVSHGDMH\OR~QLFRTXH
KLFHIXHVDFDUODPDOHWDGH6(,FRQWRGRVORVLPSOHPHQWRVGHWUDEDMRDPDUUDUPLPDOHWD
GHYLDMHFRQWRGDVPLVSHUWHQHQFLDVDODSDWDGHODFDPD\VDOLUHQEXVFDGHODSDUWHPiV
DOWD$QRFKHFtD\VHJXLPRVFDPLQDQGRFRQGHVWLQRDXQFROHJLRUXUDOGRQGHHOVXSHUYLVRU
KDEtDKHFKRFRQWDFWRSDUDSDVDUODQRFKH
7UDVFDPLQDUDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGRVKRUDVOOHJDPRVQRVEULQGDURQFRELMDVFDPD\
DOLPHQWRVSXHVHUDXQFROHJLRGHLQWHUQDGRHQHVHPRPHQWRPHVHQWtYXOQHUDEOH\GHVSOD]DGRYLYLHQGRHVWDVLWXDFLyQ$OOtDPDQHFLPRVFRQWDQEXHQDIRUWXQDTXHQRSDVyQDGD
HQHOSXHEORVLQHPEDUJRFHUFDDOFROHJLRKXERXQGHUUXPEHTXHQRVWRFyURGHDUSDUD
GHYROYHUQRVDVtWUDVFXUULyHVHGtD6HJXLPRVQXHVWUDODERUGHFDPSRYLVLWDQGRYHUHGDV
FRQRFLHQGRSHUVRQDVDPDEOHVFRUGLDOHV\GLVSXHVWDVDD\XGDUFRQQXHVWURWUDEDMR
8QGtDQRVWRFyWUDEDMDUOD]RQDXUEDQDSDUDORFXDOVHUHDOL]yFRQYRFDWRULDHQHO
VDOyQFRPXQDOGHOSXHEOR<RWHQtDXQDIDPLOLDTXHQRDVLVWLyVROLFLWpSHUPLVR\IXLDEXVFDUODDODFDVDSDUDOOHJDUDHVHVLWLRGHEtDSDVDUSRUHOFRPDQGRGHOD3ROLFtD(VWDQGRDOOt
UHDOLFpPLWUDEDMRSHURFXDQGRPHGHVSHGtHLEDDHPSH]DUDVXELUVHQWtXQRVGLVSDURVORV
FXDOHVYLTXHSDVDURQFHUFDGHPt(QWUpHQSiQLFR\UiSLGRPHGHYROYtODIDPLOLDPHD\XGyDWUDQTXLOL]DUPHPDQLIHVWDQGRTXHHVRHUDQRUPDOTXHSDVDUDTXHHVWDEDQGHPRUDGRV
HQKRVWLJDUDODSROLFtD(QPLYLGDQXQFDKDEtDHVFXFKDGRVRQLGRVGHGLVSDURVSDVDGRV
DOJXQRVPLQXWRVWRGRVHFDOPy\TXHUtDUHJUHVDUDGRQGHHVWDEDQPLVFRPSDxHURV/D
IDPLOLDFRPSXHVWDSRUODDEXHOD\WUHVQLxRVGHFLGLyDFRPSDxDUPHOOHYDPRVXQDFDPLVHWD
EODQFDPRYLpQGRODSRUHQFLPDGHQRVRWURVSDUDTXHQRQRVSDVDUDQDGD\WRPDPRVXQ
FDPLQRPiVODUJRSDUDQRFUX]DUSRUODHVWDFLyQGHSROLFtD
$OOOHJDUDOVDOyQFRPXQDODSHQDVDOFDQ]DPRVDLQJUHVDUFXDQGRHPSH]yXQDEDODFHUDHVSDQWRVD«YLDPLVFRPSDxHURVTXHVHJXtDQWUDEDMDQGRSHURHQVXVFDUDVVHQRWDED
ODDQJXVWLDHOPLHGR«QRPHLPDJLQRODPtD2EVHUYpTXHODVIDPLOLDVVHPRVWUDEDQWUDQTXLODV\QRVD\XGDEDQDFDOPDUORVQLxRVVHJXtDQMXJDQGRFRPRVLQDGDHVWXYLHUDSDVDQGR
\DVtWUDWiEDPRVQRVRWURVGHWRPDUORSHURHUDPX\GLItFLO/RVGLVSDURVFRQWLQXDEDQPLV
FRPSDxHURVWUDWDEDQGHFRQFHQWUDUVHSHURFDGDUiIDJDGHEDODVKDFLDTXHHO'0&IXHUD
SUHVLRQDGRPXFKDVYHFHV(VWHHQIUHQWDPLHQWRFRQWLQXDEDPLHQWUDVWDQWR\RUHFLEtXQD
OODPDGDHUDPLHVSRVD\PLYR]QRSHUPLWtDH[SUHVDUPHELHQFXDQGRHOODVXSRORTXH
VXFHGtDVHSXVRDOORUDU\QRVGHVSHGLPRVFRQJUDQWULVWH]DUHVLJQDFLyQ\FRQODHVSHUDQ]DGHYROYHUQRVDYHU8QDGHPLVFRPSDxHUDVHPSH]yDOORUDU\ODVSHUVRQDVWUDWDURQ
GHFDOPDUODDOLJXDOTXHQRVRWURVORVVRQLGRVGHORVGLVSDURVHUDQFDGDYH]PiVIXHUWHV
FRPRVLIXHUDQERPEDV\ODHVWDFLyQGHSROLFtDTXHGDEDDXQDVSRFDVFXDGUDVGHGRQGH
HVWiEDPRV3RFRDSRFRPLPLHGRIXHEDMDQGRPHDVRPpDODSXHUWDSULQFLSDODOOtKDEtD
SHUVRQDVREVHUYDQGRFyPRVHGLVSDUDEDQWDPELpQKDEtDXQVHxRUVRVSHFKRVRTXHWHQtD
XQUDGLRWHOpIRQR\KDEODEDHQVXOHQJXDQDWLYDREVHUYDQGRHOFRPDQGR\ODPRQWDxDGH
136
Un viaje inesperado
GRQGHGLVSDUDEDQ«SDUDPtHVHWLSRHUDJXHUULOOHUR7DPELpQREVHUYpFyPRORVSROLFtDV
VDFDEDQPXFKDVDUPDVSDUDGHVFDUJDUODVDGRQGHDSXQWDEDRWURSROLFtDFRQXQLQIUDUURMR
3RFRDSRFRVHIXHFDOPDQGRODVLWXDFLyQ\DORVGLVSDURVVHHVFXFKDEDQPiVOHMRV
(VWHHSLVRGLRGXUyHQWUHODVWUHV\ODVFLQFRGHODWDUGH&XDQGR\DFDtDODQRFKHDSDUHFLy
HOKHOLFySWHURGHOHMpUFLWRTXHHPSH]yDGHVFDUJDUVXSRGHURVRDUVHQDOKDFLDODPRQWDxD
(VFXFKDUHVHVRQLGRGHODJXHUUDHQPHGLRGHODVPRQWDxDVHVDEUXPDGRUFDXVDPLHGR
9HUFyPRURGHDHOKHOLFySWHUR\GHVFDUJDVXVDUPDV\REVHUYDUFyPRHOFLHORHVWUD]DGR
SRUODVOtQHDVURMDVGHODVEDODVPHKL]RVHQWLUWULVWH\GHVFRQVRODGR
Una vez pasada esta impactante situación solicitamos al supervisor comunicar a
%RJRWiORVXFHGLGRSDUDWHQHUDXWRUL]DFLyQGHVDOLUGHHVHPXQLFLSLR(VDQRFKHHQWUHVXVWRWULVWH]D\FKLVWHFRQORVFRPSDxHURVKLFLPRVGHODVLWXDFLyQDOJRDOHJUHVLQHPEDUJR
VLHPSUHDJUDGHFLPRVD'LRVTXHQDGDRFXUULySXHVFDGDSUR\HFWRHVXQDDYHQWXUDGRQGH
VDEHPRVFXiQGRVDOLPRVSHURQRVDEHPRVVLUHJUHVDPRV
<DDFRVWDGRHQPLKDELWDFLyQPHSXVHDSHQVDUHQODWULVWHVLWXDFLyQTXHVHYLYHDOOt
HODPELHQWHWDQKRVWLOHQTXHGHEHQFUHFHUORVQLxRVODUHVLJQDFLyQTXHWLHQHQHVWDVIDPLOLDVIUHQWHDOFRQÁLFWRODYXOQHUDELOLGDGHQODTXHYLYHWRGDODSREODFLyQSXHVODJXHUUDDOOt
HVSDQGHFDGDGtD
137
138
E
Supervivencia divina
Autor: Amada
OGtDGHMXOLRGHOQRVHQFRQWUiEDPRVHQHOPXQLFLSLR
GH(O&DVWLOOR0HWDUHDOL]DQGRHOSUR\HFWR-XQWRV0LFDUJR
HUD HQFXHVWDGRUD \ PH FRUUHVSRQGtD YLVLWDU DOJXQRV KRJDUHV SDUD
KDFHUODUHVSHFWLYDHYDOXDFLyQGHHVWHSURJUDPD7RGRWUDQVFXUULy
HQXQDYHUHGDGRQGHWHQtDTXHYLVLWDUGRVIDPLOLDVHVHGtD3DUDHO
WUDVODGRVRORKDEtDXQFRVWRVRWUDQVSRUWHTXHVDOtDDODVVHLVGHOD
PDxDQD\YROYtDDODVFXDWURGHODWDUGHSRUORTXHODLGHDHUDLU
XQVRORGtD\KDFHUWRGDVODVYLVLWDV'XUDQWHHOUHFRUULGRSDVDPRV
SRUOXJDUHVTXHKDVWDHVHPRPHQWRVRORKDEtDYLVWRHQODVQRWLFLDV
HUDQORV´SXHEORVIDQWDVPDVµOODPDGRVDVtGHELGRDODSUHVHQFLDR
HOSDVRSRUHOORVGHJUXSRVDUPDGRV(QHVRVSXHEORVKDEtDOHWUHURV SRU WRGRV ODGRV TXH KDFtDQ DOXVLyQ D SHQVDPLHQWRV RSRVLWRUHVDOJRELHUQR(QDOJXQDVYLYLHQGDVDOSDVRGHOFDPLyQTXHQRV
WUDQVSRUWDED VH ORJUDED YHU SHTXHxRVRMLWRV DVRPDUVH HQ DOJXQDV
YHQWDQDVTXHDOSHUFDWDUVHGHVHUREVHUYDGRVVHHVFRQGtDQLQPHGLDWDPHQWHFRPRXQUHÁHMRLQVWDQWiQHRGHSURWHFFLyQ«VHFXHODVGH
XQDJXHUUDTXHSDUDHOORVQRKDEtDDFDEDGR
(OYLDMHGXUDEDGRVKRUDVKDVWDHOVLWLRPiVFHUFDQRDODSULPHUD YLYLHQGD GRQGH PH HVSHUDED 5LFDUGR HO KLMR GH XQD GH ODV
WLWXODUHVGHOSURJUDPDSDUDOXHJRVHJXLUHOFDPLQRHQFDEDOOR3DUD
PtIXHODSULPHUDYH]TXHORKDFtDHQHVRVWHUUHQRVSRUORTXHOD
H[SHULHQFLDVHFRQYLUWLyHQWRGDXQDDYHQWXUDHOFDEDOORWHQtDTXH
VXELU\EDMDUPXFKDVYHFHVSRUFDPLQRVPX\GLItFLOHVORTXHSURYRFDEDTXHPLVJULWRVVDOLHUDQDUHOXFLUHQPHGLRGHOWUDQTXLORSDLVDMH
7DPELpQFUX]DPRVXQSHTXHxRUtRFRQPX\SRFDSURIXQGLGDGOR
TXHSHUPLWLySDVDUORVLQPD\RUGLÀFXOWDG'HVSXpVGHPHGLDKRUD
139
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
GHFDPLQROOHJDPRVDODYLYLHQGDGHODVHxRUD&DUPHQHLQLFLDPRVODHQWUHYLVWDTXHVHHVWLPDEDGXUDUtDGRVKRUDVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH'HQWURGHODFKDUODPHFRQWyTXHKDFtDPX\
SRFRWLHPSRKDEtDSHUGLGRDVXHVSRVRHQXQDPXHUWHPX\WULVWHHLQHVSHUDGDGHODFXDO
QRFRPHQWyPiVGHWDOOHVHQHVHPRPHQWR(PSH]yDOORYHU\HOODPHVXJLULyTXHGDUPH
SRUTXHHOUtRVHFUHFtD\QRLEDDSRGHUFUX]DUOHSUHJXQWpDTXpUtRVHUHIHUtDSRUTXHHO
TXHFUX]DPRVHUDXQSHTXHxRDUUR\RTXHVHSRGtDSDVDUIiFLOPHQWH0HDSUHVXUpHQVDOLU
SDUDQRPRMDUPHWDQWRSRUORVHTXLSRV\HOPDOHWtQFXEUtWRGRFRQXQDEROVDSOiVWLFD
(OKLMRGHODVHxRUDVHKDEtDLGRDWUDEDMDUSRUORTXHHVWDYH]QRPHSRGtDWUDVODGDUHQ
FDEDOORDVtTXHPHWRFDUtDFDPLQDUDOUHGHGRUGHXQDKRUD\PHGLDKDVWDODVLJXLHQWHYLYLHQGD/DVHxRUDPHDFRPSDxyKDVWDHOUtR\DOOOHJDUHIHFWLYDPHQWHFRPRHOODPHGLMR
HVWDEDPiVDOWRSHURSDUDPLFRQFHSWRSRGUtDFUX]DUORVLQGLÀFXOWDG0HGLVSRQtDDSDVDUORFXDQGRODVHxRUDYXHOYHDVXJHULUPHSHURHVWDYH]PX\QHUYLRVDTXHPHTXHGDUD
1XHYDPHQWHOHUHVSRQGtTXHQRSRGtDKDFHUORDXQTXHSDUWHGHODUD]yQHUDXQSRFRGH
WHPRUQRTXHUtDTXHGDUPHHQODYHUHGDFRQSHUVRQDVGHVFRQRFLGDVORPiVVHJXURHUD
UHJUHVDUMXQWRFRQPLVFRPSDxHURV%XHQRPHGLVSXVHDFUX]DUFXDQGRGHUHSHQWHODVHxRUDHPSLH]DDOORUDU«PHSDUHFLyH[DJHUDGDVXSUHRFXSDFLyQUHJUHVp\OHSUHJXQWpTXp
VXFHGtDUHDOPHQWHHQWRQFHVPHFRPHQWyTXHKDFtDWUHVPHVHVVXHVSRVRKDEtDPXHUWRHQ
HVHOXJDUDKRJDGR\OOHYDGRSRUODIXHUWHFRUULHQWHGHOUtR«
/DFRQVROpSRUXQPRPHQWR\OHGLMHPX\GHFLGLGDTXHFUX]DUtDHQWRQFHVPHFRQVLJXLyXQDYDUDSDUDTXHPHDSR\DUD(OUtRKDEtDVXELGRPiVDODFHUFDUPH\PHWHUPLVSLHV
HODJXDPHOOHJDEDKDVWDODURGLOODDOFpHOPDOHWtQFRQODSDSHOHUtD\HOHTXLSRPHVRVWXYH
FRQODYDUDHLQLFLpHOUHFRUULGRGHXQRVPHWURV&XDQGRFDPLQpXQRVSRFRVSDVRVDOFDQFpDRtUXQIXHUWHUXLGRWUDWpGHFDPLQDUPiVUiSLGRQRVDEtDTXpHUDHVRTXHVRQDED
SHURHQXQRVVHJXQGRVDSDUHFLyORTXHSDUDPtHUDXQDDYDODQFKDJLJDQWH(OUtRVHFUHFtD
\QRVDEtDTXpKDFHUQRSRGtDUHJUHVDUSRUTXH\DKDEtDOOHJDGRDODPLWDGHODJXDPHOOHJy
DOFXHOORDJDUUpODYDUDFRQWRGDVPLVIXHU]DVRUpD'LRVDOFpPXFKRPiVHOPDOHWtQ\FRQ
IXHU]DDYDQFpQRSRGtDFRUUHUSRUODVSLHGUDVQRSRGtDYHUHOVXHOR)XHURQPRPHQWRV
HWHUQRVHPSHFpDOORUDUSHURPHGLMHHVWHQRSXHGHVHUPLÀQDO£WHQJRTXHFUX]DU\FRQ
XQJUDQ~OWLPRLPSXOVRSDVp/RORJUpQRSRGtDFUHHUORDOYROWHDUYLDODVHxRUD&DUPHQ
TXHOORUDEDFRQWRGDVVXVHPRFLRQHVMXQWDVVXSRQJRTXHGHDOHJUtDSHURPHLPDJLQRTXH
WDPELpQGHPXFKDWULVWH]DDOUHFRUGDUVXSpUGLGD£6R\XQDKHURtQDPHGLMH(VDVSDODEUDV
VXHOHQDQLPDUQXHVWURWUDEDMRHQHVRVPRPHQWRVGHVROHGDG
'HVSXpVOOHJXpFHUFDGHODVLJXLHQWHYLYLHQGD\PHGLFHQTXHHOVHxRUQRHVWDEDHQ
HVRVPRPHQWRVTXHEDMyDOSXHEOR\TXH\DYHQtDHQFDPLQRHVWRHUDWHUULEOHSDUDPt
SHURQDGDSRGtDKDFHUORHVSHUp\OOHJyDODVWUHV\PHGLDGHODWDUGHIDOWDEDPX\SRFR
WLHPSRSDUDTXHSDVDUDHOFDPLyQGHUHJUHVRHQWRQFHVPHVXJLULyTXHpOPHOOHYDUtDHQ
VXPRWRDFHSWp\WHUPLQDPRVODHQWUHYLVWDDODVVLHWHGHODQRFKH$OGLVSRQHUQRVDVDOLU
UHYLVyODPRWR\VHSHUFDWyGHTXHQRWHQtDOXFHVHVGHFLUQRSRGUtDPDQHMDUDVtUHVXOWDEDGHPDVLDGRSHOLJURVR(QSRFDVSDODEUDVPHWRFyTXHGDUPHeOSHUWHQHFtDDODLJOHVLD
140
Supervivencia divina
DGYHQWLVWD\DXQTXHQRFRPSDUWRDOJXQDVLGHDVGHHVWDFRQJUHJDFLyQKDEODPRVGH'LRV
PXFKRWLHPSRGHXQDPDQHUDWDQERQLWD\VXVSDODEUDVPLQLVWUDURQWDQWRPLYLGDTXH
KDVWDHOGtDGHKR\ODVUHFXHUGR\WRGRHVHPLHGRGHVDSDUHFLy
$OGtDVLJXLHQWHPHOOHYyDOSXHEORGRQGHPLVFRPSDxHURVHVWDEDQPX\SUHRFXSDGRVSRUQRVDEHUQDGDGHPt«\DVHGLVSRQtDQDEXVFDUPHHQODYHUHGD
(VWHÀQDOIHOL]PHSHUPLWLyHQULTXHFHUHVHOLEURGHH[SHULHQFLDVH[WUHPDVTXHJXDUGDPRVWRGRVORVTXHWHQHPRVHOSULYLOHJLRGHWUDEDMDUHVWRVSUR\HFWRVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDHO
SDtV\~QLFRVSDUDQRVRWURV
141
142
$XWRU(O,QFRPSUHQGLGR
El comienzo de una gran
historia
A
TXtFRPLHQ]DXQDKLVWRULDTXHQRDFDEDD~Q\TXHVLQSHQVDUORVHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQPLKLVWRULDGHYLGDSRUTXHHQHOOD
VHUHJLVWUDFyPRKHHQFRQWUDGRGHVGHHODPRUKDVWDODWULVWH]DKH
SDVDGRGHODHPRFLyQDODGHFHSFLyQGHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRDODPDOD
IDPDGHODIHOLFLGDGDORGLRGHODULVDDOOODQWR\PiV«
7RGRFRPHQ]yXQGLFLHPEUHFXDQGRPHHQFRQWUDEDYDUDGR
0LYLGDODERUDOHUDODGHXQSURIHVLRQDOPiVTXHVHHQIUHQWDEDD
ODGLItFLOVLWXDFLyQGHHQFRQWUDUHLQJUHVDUDXQHPSOHRIRUPDO6LQ
HPEDUJRQRPHUHQGtD\VDEtDTXHPLPRPHQWRWHQGUtDTXHOOHJDU
7RPp PL SULPHU SUR\HFWR FRPR DOJR WHPSRUDO PLHQWUDV OOHJDED
HVDRSRUWXQLGDGODERUDOLPSRUWDQWHTXHQRWHQtDQLLGHDFXiOHUD
SHURTXHODHVWDEDHVSHUDQGR(QÀQFRPHQFpODFDSDFLWDFLyQIXH
XQSUR\HFWRGHGtDVHOWHPDVLQGXGDLQWHUHVDQWHFRPRORKDQ
sido todos los relacionados con la evaluación de programas sociaOHV/D]RQDTXHPHFRUUHVSRQGLyIXHODGHO9DOOHGHO&DXFDTXH
QRFRQRFtD\TXHVHJ~QODSRFDLQIRUPDFLyQTXHKDEtDUHFLELGRD
WUDYpVGHORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQHUDXQiUHDGHLQVHJXULGDG
GHVERUGDGD6LQHPEDUJRHVHHVStULWXDYHQWXUHUR\GHJXHUUHURTXH
D~QFRQVHUYRPHLPSXOVy\OOHQyGHYDOHQWtD3XGRPiVHOGHVHR
GHFRQRFHUODYDULDGDJHRJUDItDQDFLRQDOTXHHOWHPRUGHTXHPH
SXGLHUDSDVDUDOJRPDOR
0HHPEDUTXpHQODDYHQWXUDGHOSULPHUPXQLFLSLR(OSULPHU
GtDGHWUDEDMRFRPHQ]yFRQXQDFDPLQDWDGHPiVGHXQDKRUDSRUXQ
FOLPDK~PHGR\XQDWHPSHUDWXUDGHPiVGHJUDGRVFHQWtJUDGRV
143
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
SDUDOOHJDUDOSULPHUKRJDUFRPXQLWDULRTXHPHKDEtDVLGRDVLJQDGR£4XpQHUYLRVLVPR(Q
ODFDSDFLWDFLyQWRGRHUDPiVIiFLOSHUR\DHVWDEDIUHQWHDODVLWXDFLyQUHDO\GHEtDVDFDUODDGHODQWH0HQRVPDOTXHODPDGUHFRPXQLWDULDGHPLSULPHUDHQWUHYLVWDIXHWRGRXQDPRUPH
UHFLELyFRQMXJR\PHDJUDGHFLyODYLVLWDHVRKDVLGRDOJRTXHPHKDVRUSUHQGLGRGHWRGDV
ODVHQFXHVWDVTXHKHKHFKRODDPDELOLGDG\FRUGLDOLGDGGHODPD\RUtDGHORVLQIRUPDQWHVTXH
VRQQXHVWURVFRODERUDGRUHV
(OGtDWUDQVFXUULyGHODPHMRUPDQHUDORJUpVDFDUDGHODQWHODVHQFXHVWDV\SURJUDPp
FRQODD\XGDGHODPDGUHFRPXQLWDULDFLWDVSDUDHOVLJXLHQWHGtD'HUHJUHVRDOKRWHOPH
SHUGt&UHtDTXHPLUHWHQWLYDHVWDEDELHQ\TXHUHFRUGDUtDHOFDPLQRGHUHJUHVRSHUR£RK
VRUSUHVDQRIXHDVt7XYHTXHSDUDUXQWD[LSDUDTXHPHOOHYDUDDOKRWHO/OHJXpPX\FDQVDGRSHURVDWLVIHFKRFRQHOUHVXOWDGRGHOGtD$ODPDxDQDVLJXLHQWHPHOHYDQWpFRQiQLPR
\FRQJDQDVGHVHJXLUWUDEDMDQGRSHURWRGRIXHGLIHUHQWHODVSHUVRQDVQRFXPSOLHURQODV
FLWDV\ODPDGUHFRPXQLWDULDGHOVLJXLHQWHKRJDUQRDSDUHFLyHQWRGRHOGtD3RUVXSXHVWR
OOHJyODGHFHSFLyQ\VRORSRGtDSHQVDU\SUHJXQWDUPH¢4XpKDJRDTXt"¢TXLpQPHPDQGyDPHWHUPHHQHVWHWUDEDMR"£(VWRQRHVORPtR\RQRHVWXGLpXQDFDUUHUDSURIHVLRQDO
SDUDWUDEDMDUHQHVWR«£GHÀQLWLYDPHQWHYR\DUHQXQFLDU3HUR«£XQPRPHQWRQRWRGR
HVPDORYDPRVDFDPLQDUDGLVIUXWDUGHOSDLVDMH\DFRQRFHUXQDFXOWXUDQXHYD'HWRGRV
PRGRVVRORVRQGtDV0HUHODMp\PHIXLFRQXQDFRPSDxHUDD%XJDDYHUDO0LODJURVR\
GLVIUXWDUGHOFOLPDYDOOXQR\GHXQGHOLFLRVRFKDPS~VFRQSDQGHERQR)XHXQDWDUGHLQFUHtEOHPHROYLGpGHOPDOGtD\QXHYDPHQWHOOHJyODDOHJUtD0LPHQWHUHDFFLRQDED\SHQVDED
TXHVL\RWXYLHUDXQWUDEDMRGHRÀFLQDHQODIUtD%RJRWiVRSRUWDQGRHOHVWUpVGHOWUDQFyQ
\FXPSOLHQGRXQKRUDULRHVWULFWRQRKXELHUDSRGLGRFRQRFHUODEHOODUHJLyQYDOOHFDXFDQD
(OSUR\HFWRVLJXLy\QRVWUDVODGDPRVDOVLJXLHQWHPXQLFLSLRHOFXDOWDPSRFRFRQRFtD UHVXOWy VHU GH XQ DPELHQWH GLIHUHQWH D SHVDU GH SHUWHQHFHU D OD PLVPD UHJLyQ
1XHYDPHQWHWXYHTXHHQIUHQWDUPHDODH[SHFWDWLYDGHOSULPHUGtDSRUTXHVLELHQ\DOH
KDEtDFRJLGRHOULWPRDODHQFXHVWDHQHOSULPHUPXQLFLSLRODVFRQGLFLRQHVFDPELDEDQ\
SUREDEOHPHQWHWHQtDTXHXWLOL]DUXQDHVWUDWHJLDGLIHUHQWH
<QRHVWDEDHTXLYRFDGR(OSULPHUKRJDUFRPXQLWDULRTXHGDEDHQHOiUHDUXUDOD
GLIHUHQFLDGHODH[SHULHQFLDDQWHULRUGRQGHWRGDVODVHQWUHYLVWDVIXHURQXUEDQDV6HWUDWDED
GHXQWHUUHQRHQORGDGRTXHQRHUDSURSLFLRSDUDPLV&RQYHUVH\HIHFWLYDPHQWHPHUHVEDOp\FDt£4XpSRUUD]RWDQPDFKR<ORSHRUGHWRGRHVTXHTXHGpHPEDUUDGRKDVWDHO
FXHOOR4XpSHQDFRQODPDGUHFRPXQLWDULDTXHPHHVWiHVSHUDQGRGLUiTXHHVWHFDFKDFR
QRVDEHFDPLQDUSHQVp6LQHPEDUJRQRSRGtDIDOWDUDODFLWDGHLJXDOPDQHUDOHLEDDSHGLUTXHPHSHUPLWLHUDHOEDxRSDUDDVHDUPHXQSRFRDQWHVGHHPSH]DUODHQFXHVWD6HJXt
PLFDPLQR\OOHJXpDOKRJDUFRPXQLWDULRSHURDQWHVGHTXHSXGLHUDGHFLUDOJRODPDGUH
FRPXQLWDULDPHGLMRTXHODHVSHUDUDXQPRPHQWRDVHQWtFRQODFDEH]D\PHTXHGpGHSLH
HVSHUiQGROD$OUDWROOHJyFRQXQSODWyQOOHQRGHDJXD\XQFHSLOOR\VLQPHGLDUSDODEUDVH
DUURGLOOy\PHHPSH]yDOLPSLDU1RSRGtDFUHHUORTXHHVWDEDKDFLHQGRQXQFDHQODYLGD
PHKXELHUDLPDJLQDGRHVWRDFDVRTXLpQHUD\RSDUDTXHPHDWHQGLHUDQGHHVDIRUPD
144
El comienzo de una gran historia
2EYLDPHQWHOHSHGtTXHQRKLFLHUDHVRTXHPHGDEDPXFKDYHUJHQ]D\TXH\RSRGtD
KDFHUORVLQSUREOHPD3HURODPDGUHFRPXQLWDULDVLJXLy\PHGLMR²7UDQTXLORTXH\DFDVL
DFDER\FRQWLQXyKDVWDGHMDUPHOLPSLROXHJRYROYLyDGHFLUPH²(VPHMRUOLPSLDUORUiSLGRDQWHVTXHVHHQGXUH]FD\VHDPiVGLItFLOVDFDUHOEDUUR\VHSXHGDGDxDUODURSD£4XHGp
SDVPDGR\URMRGHODYHUJHQ]D6LQGXGDKDVLGRDOJRTXHQXQFDSRGUpROYLGDU
(OSUR\HFWRWHUPLQyFRQp[LWRHVRVtFRQPRPHQWRVEXHQRV\PDORVSHURFRQOD
VDWLVIDFFLyQGHOGHEHUFXPSOLGR
$VtWHUPLQDODSULPHUDDYHQWXUDGHHVWDJUDQKLVWRULDTXH\DOOHYDRFKRSUR\HFWRVHQ
6(,\WUHVHQRWUDVHPSUHVDV(VSHURTXHHVWDKLVWRULDFRQWLQ~HHQULTXHFLpQGRVHSRUPXFKRWLHPSRPiVSRUTXHORTXHKHYLYLGRHQFDPSRHVLQROYLGDEOHWDQWROREXHQRFRPR
ORPDOR\QRORFDPELDUtDSRUXQWUDEDMRGHRÀFLQD
145
146
$WHQHD $QGUpV $PDGD $GiQ
$FXDULR
$QGUpV$EHOLQR3HxD
$OH[D
/XLV/HRQDUGR0XUFLD5RGUtJXH]
/XLV)HUQH\$JXLOHUD$PD\D
0DULD&ULVWLQD%HOWUiQ&DLFHGR
&DUORV$UWXUR6XiUH]&DPHOR
(VSHUDQ]D6LDXFKR6HUUDQR
1DQF\$QGUHD$UGLOD3LxD 0DQXDO3HxDWH3DFKHFR
3DEOR&HVDU/HJXL]DPyQ)OyUH]
<LQHOYLV,VDEHO1DYDUUR0XxR]
0HOLQD$OH[DQGUD4XLQWHURGHOD&UX]
'DYLG)HUQDQGR/LVVD&KiYH]
*HUPiQ'DYLG*XDUQL]R9DOHQ]XHOD
%HDWUL](OHQD(FKDYDUUtD6iQFKH]
0DUtD0DJGDOHQD/HJXL]DPyQ6iQFKH]
¢'yQGHHVWiODIHOLFLGDG"
/RVPXHUWRVD~QHVWiQSUHVHQWHV
(OFRPLHQ]RGHXQDJUDQ
+LVWRULD
7UDYHVtDGHOPXQGRGLJLWDO
0LOOHJDGDD6(,\PLSULPHU
SUR\HFWR
8QDPLUDGDGHODYLGD
GHVGHDTXHOORVRMRV\DVLQOX]
3UHVDVHQHOH[WUDQMHUR
8QYLDMHLQHVSHUDGR
0LJUDQVXVWR
(OPHMRUUHJDORGHFXPSOHDxRV
0LSULPHUYLDMH
8QDJUDQOHFFLyQGHYLGD
6XSHUYLYHQFLDGLYLQD
(OEXUURGHO6DODGR
(OJUDQWHODUGHODYLGD
Seudónimos de los autores
%ULVD
-DLPH$OIRQVR2VSLQD6iQFKH]
$OJ~QGtDPLUDGLRVHUi3KLOLSV
9LYHQFLDVSDUDODPHPRULD
%UXQR *ORULD$PSDUR5RGUtJXH] (O&RUVDULRGHO5tR
&RUDO5XQFLH
(O,QFRPSUHQGLGR
'LDPDUGD
+HQYHU&pVDU0DUWtQH]3XOLGR
(O9LDMDQWH
*DUÀHOG &\EHU
+RIID
El perdido
'XOFHRDPDUJR
John Jaime Batero Manso
8QFD]DQRYD
Jaes Barú
/LGD-RKDQQD5Xt]'HYLD -R\FH
-RVp*UHJRULR2VWRV-DUDPLOOR
9LYLU\VHQWLU%RMD\iHQWUHHO
UHFXHUGR\HOROYLGR
-XDQGHO%RVTXH -XDQ6HEDVWLiQ/ySH]6DQWRV
-XDQ/ySH]
147
/XFKLWR /RNR3DSHOLWR
/HKLR
/D,QFRPSUHQGLGD
-XOLR3XHQWHV
/X]0HU\*yPH]+HUQiQGH]
/XFLPDU%HWDQFRXUW6LOYD /XLV(GXDUGR5Xt]%XLWUDJR
/XLV$OHMDQGUR/HyQ8VHFKH
0DUWKD2GLOLD*yPH]+HUQiQGH] ,VPDHO-XOLiQ=DSDWD5Xt] (GJDUG$OH[DQGHU6iQFKH]$UDTXH 0DUFHOD%DXWLVWD7XWD
-XJRGHJXDQiEDQD
8QGtDPiVGHWUDEDMR
7LHUUDGHGUDJRQHV\YDPSLURV
4XLHQORYLYHHVTXLHQORFXHQWD
$PLVWDGHVSHOLJURVDV
9LVLWDLQROYLGDEOH
$OPDOWLHPSREXHQDFDUD
/DLQRFHQFLDWRFyPLDOPD
/DFDOOH(VWUHOOD
Crónicas de campo
De encuestas y otros relatos
/XF\ZHU
/LOD
(OTXLQ7RYDU)LJXHURD
1HOO\(VSHUDQ]D$QJDULWD$OYDULQR 2GLVHDSRUHO+XLOD
3HQVDPLHQWRVHTXLYRFDGRV
/XJR
:HQG\/LOLDQD5REOHV3DUUDGR
0L9LHMLWR
-XDQ0DQXHO0DUWtQH]0XxR]
-XQWRVHQOD&DQGHODULD
1HJUD 1HOO\$QJDULWD
/DYLVLWDDXQOXJDU
recóndito
1RSUHFLGHQW
9LYLDQD0DUWtQH]2OLYDUHV 3DWDH·SORPR
1<;
0DUJDULWD
Eterna Dualidad
&pVDU$XJXVWR0RQWR\D5LYHUD
Marta Luz García Poveda
&ODUD,QpV3HPEHUWK\*XWLpUUH]
Púrpura
5DYQRV 7tD3LROD
)$5&
$ODLQYHUVD
'HVSLQFKDGRSRUODV
7RGRSXHGHFDPELDU
-HLP\5XELHOD$\DOD&iUGHQDV
,VPDHO%XVWRV0RUHQR
-XDQ&DUORV0RQWHUR%HUP~GH]
7RPDVLWR
9LDMHUR3HUGLGR <H\H
148
GANADORES
DEL CONCURSO DE CRÓNICAS
PROYECTO 500
PRIMER LUGAR
0(/,1$$/(;$1'5$48,17(52'(/$&58=
1RPEUHGHODFUyQLFD´(OEXUURGHO6DODGRµ
6HXGyQLPR$OH[D
-26e*5(*25,226726-$5$0,//2
1RPEUHGHODFUyQLFD´8QFD]DQRYDµ
6HXGyQLPR-XDQGHO%RVTXH
SEGUNDO LUGAR
/,'$-2+$11$58Ì='(9,$
1RPEUHGHODFUyQLFD´'XOFHRDPDUJRµ
6HXGyQLPR-R\FH
*/25,$$03$5252'5Ì*8(=
1RPEUHGHODFUyQLFD´¢'yQGHHVWiODIHOLFLGDG"µ
6HXGyQLPR*DUÀHOG
TERCER LUGAR
-(,0<58%,(/$$<$/$&É5'(1$6
1RPEUHGHODFUyQLFD´7RGRSXHGHFDPELDUµ
6HXGyQLPR<H\H
+(19(5&e6$50$57Ì1(=38/,'2
1RPEUHGHODFUyQLFD´$OJ~QGtDPLUDGLRVHUi3KLOLSVµ
6HXGyQLPR+RIID
Descargar