,1)250(5$&( ,1)250(5$&(*22'<($5 *22'<($5 ,03257$1&,$'(/ ,03257$1&,$'(/1(80Ç7,&2(1 1(80Ç7,&2(1 (1/26 $&&,'(17(6'(75Ç),&2'()85*21(7$6 $&&,'(17(6'(75Ç),&2'()85*21(7$6 '(-81,2'( '(-81,2'( 2 ,1752'8&&,Î1 ,1752'8&&,Î1 3$548('()85*21(7$6 3$548('()85*21(7$6 6,1,(675$/,'$''()85*21(7$6 6,1,(675$/,'$''()85*21(7$6 'LVPLQXFLyQGHIDOOHFLGRVHQIXUJRQHWDUHVSHFWRDOWRWDO 'LVPLQXFLyQGHIDOOHFLGRVHQIXUJRQHWDUHVSHFWRDOWRWDO 3HVRGHIDOOHFLGRVHQIXUJRQHWDUHVSHFWRDOWRWDO 3HVRGHIDOOHFLGRVHQIXUJRQHWDUHVSHFWRDOWRWDO /XJDUGHODFFLGHQWH /XJDUGHODFFLGHQWH $&&,'(17(60Ç6&2081(6(1)85*21(7$6 $&&,'(17(60Ç6&2081(6(1)85*21(7$6 5LHVJRGHELGRDFKRTXHSRUDOFDQFH\FROLVLRQHVIURQWRODWHUDOHV 5LHVJRGHELGRDFKRTXHSRUDOFDQFH\FROLVLRQHVIURQWRODWHUDOHV 5LHVJRGHELGRDSpUGLGDGHFRQWURO 5LHVJRGHELGRDSpUGLGDGHFRQWURO 6,1,(675$/,'$'5(/$&,21$'$&21'()(&726(11(8 6,1,(675$/,'$'5(/$&,21$'$&21'()(&726(11(80Ç7,&26 0Ç7,&26 0Ç7,&26 'HILFLHQFLDVJUDYHVGHOQHXPiWLFRVHJ~QWLSRGHYHKtFXOR 'HILFLHQFLDVJUDYHVGHOQHXPiWLFRVHJ~QWLSRGHYHKtFXOR 5HVXOWDGRVSRUWLSRGHYHKtFXOR 5HVXOWDGRVSRUWLSRGHYHKtFXOR 5HVXOWDGRVSRUWLSRGHYHKtFXOR 5HVXOWDGRVHVSHFtILFRVHQIXUJRQHWDV 5HVXOWDGRVHVSHFtILFRVHQIXUJRQHWDV 5HVXOWDGRVHVSHFtILFRVHQIXUJRQHWDV 'HIHFWRVPiVFRPXQHVHQORVQHXPiWLFRV 'HIHFWRVPiVFRPXQHVHQORVQHXPiWLFRV ,1)/8(1&,$(1/$6(*85,'$'/$%25$/'(/2675$%$-$'25(6 ,1)/8(1&,$(1/$6(*85,'$'/$%25$/'(/2675$%$-$'25(6 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFR 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFR UiILFR ,QVSHFFLyQGHWUDEDMR ,QVSHFFLyQGHWUDEDMR 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFRGHIXUJRQHWDV 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFRGHIXUJRQHWDV &216(-263$5$(/868$5,2 &216(-263$5$(/868$5,2 3 ,1752'8&&,Î1 ,1752'8&&,Î1 (O5HDO$XWRPyYLO&OXEGH(VSDxD5$&(HQFRODERUDFLyQFRQHOIDEULFDQWHGH QHXPiWLFRV*22'<($5SUHVHQWDQHQHVWHLQIRUPHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHVX~OWLPR HVWXGLR VREUH HO QHXPiWLFR \ VX LQIOXHQFLD HQ OD VHJXULGDG YLDO HQ HVWH FDVR VREUHODVIXUJRQHWDV 8QRGHORVIDFWRUHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDODVHJXULGDGYLDOHVHOHVWDGRGHORV QHXPiWLFRVFRQWURODUUHJXODUPHQWHVXHVWDGR\SUHVLyQHVIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDOD VHJXULGDGGHODVIXUJRQHWDV /RV YHKtFXORV FRPHUFLDOHV OLJHURV SUHVHQWDQ XQDV SDUWLFXODULGDGHV TXH ORV KDFHQ GLVWLQWRVDOUHVWR GH YHKtFXORV SRU OR TXH FRQYLHQH UHDOL]DU XQ HVWXGLR PiV HQ SURIXQGLGDG VREUH OD VHJXULGDG GH HVWH WLSR GH YHKtFXOR \ OD LPSRUWDQFLDGHOQHXPiWLFR(QWUHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPiVUHOHYDQWHVTXHGHILQHQ DODVIXUJRQHWDVHVWiQ (V HO WLSR GH YHKtFXOR TXH PiV GHIHFWRV JUDYHV SUHVHQWD HQ ORV QHXPiWLFRV HVSHFLDOPHQWH HO FLUFXODU FRQ HO GLEXMR SRU GHEDMR GHO PtQLPROHJDO &HQWUR GH JUDYHGDG PiV HOHYDGR DO VHU PiV LQHVWDEOH DXPHQWD OD SUREDELOLGDGGHSHUGHUHOFRQWUROGHOYHKtFXOR (OSHVRWRWDOGHOYHKtFXORSXHGHGREODUDOGHXQWXULVPR *UDQGHVGLIHUHQFLDVHQHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHOYHKtFXORGHSHQGLHQGRGH VLFLUFXODRQRFRQFDUJD\GHVXFRUUHFWDVXMHFLyQ 0D\RU GLILFXOWDG SDUD UHDOL]DU PDQLREUDV GH HPHUJHQFLD GHELGR D VX PD\RUSHVR\PHQRUHVWDELOLGDG 0HQRU SUHVHQFLD GH GLVSRVLWLYRV GH VHJXULGDG IXQGDPHQWDOHV FRPR HO FRQWUROGHHVWDELOLGDGRHODVLVWHQWHDODIUHQDGDGHHPHUJHQFLD $OFDQ]DJUDQGHVYHORFLGDGHVGHFLUFXODFLyQ 1RH[LVWHXQDIRUPDFLyQHVSHFLDOSDUDHOFRQGXFWRUGHIXUJRQHWDV 1RH[LVWHQRUPDWLYDHVSHFtILFDVREUHYHKtFXORVOLJHURVGHWUDQVSRUWHGH PHUFDQFtDV 4 3$548('()85*21(7$6 3$548('()85*21(7$6 3$548('()85*21(7$6 (OSDUTXHGHIXUJRQHWDVKDVXIULGRSHTXHxDVYDULDFLRQHVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV DXPHQWDQGRHQXQRVYHKtFXORVHQHOSHULRGRGHODOORTXH VXSRQHXQGHLQFUHPHQWRHQHOSDUTXHVLELHQ SRGUtDKDEHUVLGRPD\RU SHUR GHVGH HO DxR KD VXIULGR XQD FDtGD GHELGR D TXH VX XVR PiV SURIHVLRQDO OR KDFH VHQVLEOH D OD GHFHOHUDFLyQ HFRQyPLFD H[LVWHQWH HQ HVWH SHULRGR PARQUE FURGONETAS EN MILES 2.500 2.436 2.364 2.400 2.306 2.364 2.287 2.300 2.200 2.100 2.000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Fuente: Anuarios Estadísticos General. DGT (OWUDQVSRUWHSRUFDUUHWHUDGHPHUFDQFtDVKDLGRFRJLHQGRFDGDYH]XQPD\RU SHVRKDVWDDOFDQ]DUXQDSDUWLFLSDFLyQPRGDOGHFDVLHO/DVIXUJRQHWDVGH PHQRVGH.JFRPRYHKtFXORVOLJHURVGHWUDQVSRUWHGHPHUFDQFtDVKDQ MXJDGR XQ SDSHO IXQGDPHQWDO DO SRVLELOLWDU XQ WUDQVSRUWH UiSLGR GH ODV PHUFDQFtDVHQWRGRHOWHUULWRULRQDFLRQDO 5 6,1,(675$/,'$''()85*21(7$6 6,1,(675$/,'$''()85*21(7$6 6,1,(675$/,'$''()85*21(7$6 (Q HO DxR KD KDELGR IXUJRQHWDV LPSOLFDGDV HQ DFFLGHQWHV FRQ YtFWLPDVHQ(VSDxD $OLJXDOTXHKDVXFHGLGRDQLYHOJHQHUDOORVIDOOHFLGRVSRUDFFLGHQWHGHWUiILFR FRPR RFXSDQWHV GH IXUJRQHWD VH KDQ UHGXFLGR HQ ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV FRQ XQ GHVFHQVRGHOGHVGHDOSDVDUGHDHQ5HVSHFWRDORV KHULGRVJUDYHVHOGHVFHQVRHVGHXQSDVDQGRGHHQDHQ Fallecidos y Heridos Graves como ocupantes de furgonetas 1200 1069 995 963 1000 807 800 558 600 400 205 230 201 158 200 147 0 2005 2006 Muertos 2007 2008 Heridos Graves 2009 Fuente: Anuarios Estadísticos de Accidentes DGT 3HURHVWRVGDWRVGHEHQVHUFRPSDUDGRVFRQODHYROXFLyQGHODVLQLHVWUDOLGDGD QLYHO JHQHUDO SDUD FRPSUREDU VL HO FROHFWLYR GH XVXDULRV GH IXUJRQHWDV KD VHJXLGRODPLVPDHYROXFLyQUHVSHFWRDOUHVWRGHYHKtFXORVRELHQKDVLGRXQR GH ORV FROHFWLYRV TXH KD HVWDGR SRU GHEDMR GH OD PHGLD GH GHVFHQVR GH ODV PXHUWHVHQFDUUHWHUD 6 'LVPLQXFLyQ GH IDOOHFLGRV HQ IXUJRQHWD UHVSHFWR DO WRWDO GH IDOOHFLGRV HQ WUiILFR WUiILFR &HQWUiQGRQRVHQODHYROXFLyQGHOQ~PHURGHIDOOHFLGRVGXUDQWHXQSHULRGRGH FLQFRDxRVDQLYHOJHQHUDO\SDUDWRGRVORVWLSRVGHYHKtFXORVKDH[LVWLGRXQ GHVFHQVRGHXQHQHOQ~PHURGHYtFWLPDVPRUWDOHVGHWUiILFRSDVDQGRGH HQHODxRDODVGHODxR Fallecidos total accidentes 5.000 4.500 4.442 4.104 4.000 3.823 3.500 3.100 2.714 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 Descenso del 39% para el total de vehículos 500 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Fuente: Anuarios Estadísticos de Accidentes DGT &HQWUiQGRQRVHQODHYROXFLyQGHORVIDOOHFLGRVFRPRRFXSDQWHVGHIXUJRQHWDV HQFRQWUDPRVTXHHOGHVFHQVRHQHOQ~PHURGHYtFWLPDVPRUWDOHVHVPHQRUGHO SDVDQGRGHIDOOHFLGRVHQDORVGHODxR Fallecidos accidentes furgonetas 250 230 205 201 200 158 147 150 100 Descenso del 28% para ocupantes de furgonetas 50 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Fuente: Anuarios Estadísticos de Accidentes DGT 7 'HORVGRVJUiILFRVDQWHULRUHVSRGHPRVFRQFOXLUTXHPLHQWUDVTXHHOGHVFHQVR HQHOQ~PHURGHIDOOHFLGRVHQWUiILFRGHVGHHODxRKDVLGRGHXQHO GHVFHQVRHQHOQ~PHURGHIDOOHFLGRVHQIXUJRQHWDHVGHXQ 3HVR GH ORV IDOOHFLGRV IDOOHFLGRV HQ IXUJRQHWD UHVSHFWR DO WRWDO GH IDOOHFLGRV HQ WUiILFR WUiILFR 3DUWLHQGRGHHVWRVGDWRVSRGHPRVFDOFXODUODSURSRUFLyQDQXDOGHOQ~PHURGH IDOOHFLGRV FRPR RFXSDQWHV GH IXUJRQHWDV UHVSHFWR DO WRWDO GH IDOOHFLGRV HQ WUiILFRDVtFRPRVXHYROXFLyQHQHOWLHPSR Fallecidos en furgoneta respecto al total de vehículos 6,00% 5,60% 5,50% 5,26% 5,42% 5,10% 5,00% 4,62% 4,50% 4,00% 3,50% 3,00% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Fuente: Anuarios Estadísticos de Accidentes DGT 'HHVWDIRUPDSRGHPRVFRQFOXLUTXHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODVIXUJRQHWDVHQORV DFFLGHQWHV PRUWDOHV GH WUiILFR HV FDGD YH] PD\RU \D TXH HO SHVR GH ORV IDOOHFLGRVHQIXUJRQHWDHQHOWRWDOGHIDOOHFLGRVHQWUiILFRKDFUHFLGRGHVGHHO DxR SDVDQGR GH XQD SURSRUFLyQ DQXDO GHO HQ DO HQ 8 /XJDUGHODFFLGHQWH /XJDUGHODFFLGHQWH /XJDUGHODFFLGHQWH &HQWUiQGRQRVHQORV~OWLPRVGDWRVGLVSRQLEOHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODxR HOSDWUyQGHPRYLOLGDGGHODVIXUJRQHWDVVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUSURGXFLUVHWDQWRHQ FDUUHWHUD FRPR HQ ]RQD XUEDQD 6L QRV DWHQHPRV D VX LPSOLFDFLyQ HQ ORV DFFLGHQWHV FRQ YtFWLPDV SRGHPRV REVHUYDU FRPR VH SURGXFHQ XQ GH ORV DFFLGHQWHVFRQIXUJRQHWDVHQFDUUHWHUDIUHQWHDOGHOUHVWRGHYHKtFXORV Lugar del Accidente con Víctimas 100% 90% 80% 70% Zona Urbana 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Carretera 0% Resto vehículos Furgonetas &HQWUiQGRQRV HQ ORV DFFLGHQWHV PRUWDOHV VLHQGR OD YHORFLGDG XQ IDFWRU GHWHUPLQDQWHV H[LVWH SDUD WRGRV ORV WLSRV GH YHKtFXORV XQ PD\RU SRUFHQWDMH GH DFFLGHQWHV FRQYtFWLPDV PRUWDOHV HQ FDUUHWHUD (Q HVWH FDVR ORV DFFLGHQWHV PRUWDOHV GH IXUJRQHWDV VH SURGXFHQ HQ XQ GH ODV RFDVLRQHV HQ OD FDUUHWHUDIUHQWHDOGHOUHVWRGHYHKtFXORV Lugar del Accidente Mortal 100% 90% 80% Zona Urbana 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Carretera 20% 10% 0% Resto vehículos Furgonetas 9 $&&,'(17(60Ç6&2081(6'(/$6)85*21(7$6 $&&,'(17(60Ç6&2081(6'(/$6)85*21(7$6 7HQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD OD GLVWULEXFLyQ GH DFFLGHQWHV LQWHUXUEDQRV VHJ~Q WLSR \ FDWHJRUtD GH YHKtFXOR LPSOLFDGR SRGHPRV REVHUYDU FyPR HQ WXULVPRV HO WLSR GH DFFLGHQWH PiV IUHFXHQWH HV OD ´VDOLGD GH YtDµ FRQ XQ GH ORV FDVRV PLHQWUDV TXH HQ ODV IXUJRQHWDV H[LVWH XQD PD\RU GLVSDULGDG GH WLSRV GH DFFLGHQWHV DXQTXH SULQFLSDOPHQWH VH FRQFHQWUDQ HQ DFFLGHQWHV SRU ´FKRTXH SRU DOFDQFH \ IURQWRODWHUDOHVµ TXH VXFHGHQ HQ XQ GH ORV FDVRV \ DFFLGHQWHVSRU´VDOLGDVGHYtDµTXHVXFHGHQHQXQ Salidas de vía Choques por alcance y frontolaterales 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% (VWR HV GHELGR D VX PD\RU GLILFXOWDG SDUD GHWHQHUVH HQ XQD IUHQDGD GH HPHUJHQFLDHQXQHVSDFLRPHQRU Fuente: DGT. Elaborado por INSIA (valores acumulados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´FKRTXHV SRU DOFDQFH\IURQWRODWHUDOHVµTXHVXFHGHQHQXQGHORVFDVRVORTXHVXSRQH XQ WRWDO GH IXUJRQHWDV HQ HO DxR LPSOLFDGDV HQ DFFLGHQWHV FRQ YtFWLPDVHQ(VSDxD (VWR VH GHEH D TXH OD GLVWDQFLD GH IUHQDGR GH XQD IXUJRQHWD YDUtD HQ JUDQ PHGLGD HQ IXQFLyQ GH VL VH HQFXHQWUD FDUJDGD R YDFtD \ HO HVWDGR GH VXV QHXPiWLFRV $GHPiV ODV FRQVHFXHQFLDV GHO DFFLGHQWH UHVXOWDQ GH PD\RU JUDYHGDGSDUDHOYHKtFXORFRQWUDULRGHELGRDODPD\RUPDVD\GLPHQVLRQHVGH ODIXUJRQHWD 3UXHEDGHFKRTXHSRUDOFDQFH.PK (Q XQD SUXHED GH FKRTXH UHDOL]DGD SRU 5$&( HQ FRODERUDFLyQ FRQ RWURV DXWRPyYLOHVFOXEHXURSHRVVHVLPXOyXQDFFLGHQWHGHFKRTXHSRUDOFDQFHD NPK HQ OD FROD GH XQ DWDVFR \ FRPR VH HVSHUDED ORV UHVXOWDGRV IXHURQ HVSHFLDOPHQWH JUDYHV SDUD ORV RFXSDQWHV GHO WXULVPR 0LHQWUDV TXH OD IXUJRQHWD VyOR VH GHIRUPy XQ SRFR HQ HO FRPSDUWLPLHQWR GHO PRWRU ODV VROGDGXUDV HQ ORV DSR\D SLHV \ HO WHFKR GHO WXULVPR VH VHSDUDURQ KDVWD HO SXQWR GH TXH HO YHKtFXOR GH GHIRUPy FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH (Q HVWD FODVH GH 11 DFFLGHQWHHOULHVJRGHVXIULUJUDYHVOHVLRQHVFHUYLFDOHVHVPX\DOWRDGHPiVGH SURGXFLUVHOHVLRQHVHQSLHUQDV\WyUD[ (VWRV DFFLGHQWHV SRGUtDQ HYLWDUVH PHGLDQWH VLVWHPDV GH D\XGD D OD IUHQDGD \ VREUHWRGRHOHTXLSDUXQRVQHXPiWLFRVHQEXHQHVWDGRTXHDVHJXUHQHODJDUUH DODFDUUHWHUDSDUDGLVPLQXLUDOPi[LPRODGLVWDQFLDGHIUHQDGR\VHUFDSDFHV GHHYLWDUHODFFLGHQWHSRUDOFDQFH &RQVHFXHQFLDGHXQFKRTXHSRUDOFDQFHGHXQDIXUJRQHWD 12 5LHVJRGHELGRD 5LHVJRGHELGRD 5LHVJRGHELGRDSpUGLGDGHFRQWURO SpUGLGDGHFRQWURO (Q XQ GH ORV DFFLGHQWHV GH IXUJRQHWD VH SURGXFHQ GHUUDSHV SHOLJURVRV TXHWHUPLQDQFRQVDOLGDVGHODYtDORTXHVXSRQHXQWRWDOGHIXUJRQHWDV LPSOLFDGDVHQDFFLGHQWHVFRQYtFWLPDVHQHODxR /DFDXVDGHODSpUGLGDGHFRQWUROGHHVWRVYHKtFXORVVRQSULQFLSDOPHQWHHOPDO HVWDGR GH ORV QHXPiWLFRV \ OD LQIOXHQFLD TXH HMHUFHQ VREUH HVWH WLSR GH YHKtFXORV ODV UHODFLRQHV GH PDVD HV GHFLU HO HVWDGR GH OD FDUJD 'XUDQWH ODV PDQLREUDVSDUDHVTXLYDURHOUHFRUULGRGHXQDFXUYDUHVXOWDPX\IiFLOGHUUDSDU \SHUGHUHOFRQWUROGHELGRDODLQIOXHQFLDTXHHMHUFHODFRORFDFLyQ\VXMHFLyQGH OD FDUJD 6L ODV PHUFDQFtDV HVWiQ DPDUUDGDV FRUUHFWDPHQWH HO ULHVJR GH GHUUDSDU R YROFDU VHUi PHQRU &XDQGR OD FDUJD VH GHVSOD]D HO SXQWR GH JUDYHGDGGHOYHKtFXORFDPELDFRQVWDQWHPHQWHSRUORTXHVHUiPiVIiFLOSHUGHU HO GRPLQLR GHO YHKtFXOR HQ VLWXDFLRQHV OtPLWH 8QRV QHXPiWLFRV HQ SHUIHFWDV FRQGLFLRQHVVRQIXQGDPHQWDOHVSDUDDVHJXUDUHODJDUUH\HYLWDUHVWRVGHUUDSHV FRQSpUGLGDGHFRQWURO 9XHOWDGHFDPSDQDGHVSXpVGHXQSURFHVRGHGHUUDSH 7DPELpQLPSRUWDQWHHVTXHHVWRVYHKtFXORVLQFRUSRUHQHOSURJUDPDHOHFWUyQLFR GH HVWDELOLGDG (63 SDUD HYLWDU HVWRV DFFLGHQWHV R DWHQXDU VLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH VXV FRQVHFXHQFLDV SHUR VyOR XQD WHUFHUD SDUWH GH ORV PRGHORV GH IXUJRQHWD GLVSRQLEOHV DFWXDOPHQWH HVWiQ HTXLSDGRV GH VHULH FRQ (63 6LQ HPEDUJR ORV HQVD\RV GH FRQGXFFLyQ GHPXHVWUDQ TXH HVWH VLVWHPD GH DVLVWHQFLD DO FRQGXFWRU MXQWR DO FRUUHFWR HVWDGR GH ORV QHXPiWLFRV VRQ PX\ QHFHVDULRV HQ IXUJRQHWDVSDUDHYLWDUDFFLGHQWHV6LQ(63VHKDFRPSUREDGRTXHHOUHFRUULGR HQ ]LJ]DJ SRGtD UHDOL]DUVH FRQ VHJXULGDG D NPK FRPR Pi[LPR \ HO 13 SHOLJUR GH YXHOFR R GHUUDSH VH LQFUHPHQWDED HQ FXDQWR DXPHQWDED OD YHORFLGDG/RVHQVD\RVFRQ(63RIUHFHQXQDLPDJHQFRPSOHWDPHQWHGLVWLQWD\D TXH HO YHKtFXOR VH HVWDELOL]D GH LQPHGLDWR \ VH GHVDFHOHUD KDVWD HO SXQWR GH TXHQRVHSURGXFHQVLWXDFLRQHVFUtWLFDVGHSHUGLGDGHFRQWURO 3UXHEDD.PKVLQ\FRQ(63 'HVGH 5$&( \ *22'<($5 GHVWDFDPRV OD LPSRUWDQFLD GHO EXHQ HVWDGR GH ORV QHXPiWLFRVSDUDPLQLPL]DUORVPiVGHDFFLGHQWHVDQXDOHVSRUFKRTXHV SRU DOFDQFH TXHVXSRQHQ HO GHORVDFFLGHQWHV FRQ YtFWLPDV HQ (VSDxD \ ODVPiVGHVDOLGDVGHYtDTXHVXSRQHQHOGHORVDFFLGHQWHVSDUD WRGRVORVWLSRVGHYHKtFXORV 14 6,1,(675$/,'$'5(/$&,21$'$&21'()(&726(1/261(80Ç7,&26 6,1,(675$/,'$'5(/$&,21$'$&21'()(&726(1/261(80Ç7,&26 6,1,(675$/,'$'5(/$&,21$'$&21'()(&726(1/261(80Ç7,&26 'H ORV YHKtFXORV LPSOLFDGRV HQ DFFLGHQWHV FRQ YtFWLPDV VL FRJHPRV H[FOXVLYDPHQWH DTXHOORV GRQGH VH KD GHWHFWDGR DOJ~Q GHIHFWR HQ HO YHKtFXOR VHJ~Q ORV GDWRV GHO DxR XQ GH HVWRV GHIHFWRV FRUUHVSRQGHQ D YHKtFXORVTXHFLUFXODEDQFRQ´1HXPiWLFRVPX\GHVJDVWDGRVµXQGHELGRD ´3LQFKD]R R UHYHQWyQµ GHIHFWR PX\ UHODFLRQDGR FRQ HO PDO HVWDGR GHO QHXPiWLFR SXHVWR TXH ORV SLQFKD]RV R UHYHQWRQHV HQ QHXPiWLFRV HQ EXHQ HVWDGR VXFHGHQ HQ PX\ SRFDV RFDVLRQHV \ FHUFD GH XQ SRU ´3pUGLGD GH UXHGDµFRPRFDXVDVSULQFLSDOHV 3RGHPRVFRQFOXLUTXHHQORVDFFLGHQWHVGRQGHVHKDGHWHFWDGRTXHKDH[LVWLGR XQ GHIHFWR HQ HO YHKtFXOR GH FDGD GH HVWRV GHIHFWRV FRUUHVSRQGHQ D SUREOHPDVSRUHOPDOHVWDGRGHORVQHXPiWLFRVSRUHQFLPDGHRWURVGHIHFWRV HQORVYHKtFXORVFRPRVLVWHPDVGHIUHQRGHGLUHFFLyQRGHLOXPLQDFLyQ 6L WHQHPRV HQ FXHQWD OD HYROXFLyQ GXUDQWH ORV ~OWLPRV FXDWUR DxRV GH ORV DFFLGHQWHV FRQ YtFWLPDV GRQGH VH KD GHWHFWDGR DOJ~Q GHIHFWR HQ HO YHKtFXOR FRPRSRGHPRVDSUHFLDUHQHOVLJXLHQWHJUiILFRHOSRUFHQWDMHGHDFFLGHQWHVHQ ORVTXHHOGHIHFWRGHWHFWDGRKDVLGR´1HXPiWLFRVPX\GHVJDVWDGRVµKDFUHFLGR HQSXQWRVSRUFHQWXDOHVSDVDQGRGHHQDHQVLHQGR HO~QLFRGHIHFWRTXHKDDXPHQWDGRVXSHVRVREUHHOWRWDO Accidentes donde se ha detectado algún defecto en el vehículo 60,0% Neumaticos desgastados 50,0% Pinchazo o reventón Pérdida de rueda Luces deficientes Frenos deficientes Dirección defectuosa 40,0% 30,0% 20,0% Sobrecargado Carga mal acondicionada 10,0% 0,0% 2006 2.007 2.008 2009 Fuente: Anuarios Estadísticos de Accidentes DGT 15 4.1. 'HILFLHQFLDVJUDYHVGHOQHXPiWLFR 'HILFLHQFLDVJUDYHVGHOQHXPiWLFRVHJ~QWLSRGHYHKtFXOR GHOQHXPiWLFRVHJ~QWLSRGHYHKtFXOR 5HVXOWDGRVSRUWLSRGHYHKtFXOR 5HVXOWDGRVSRUWLSRGHYHKtFXOR 5HVXOWDGRVSRUWLSRGHYHKtFXOR (Q HO DQiOLVLV GHO HVWDGR GH ORV QHXPiWLFRV UHDOL]DGR SRU 5$&( HQ HVWDFLRQHV ,79 GH $7,6$( VH SXGR FRPSUREDU TXH ORV YHKtFXORV TXH VH XWLOL]DQ HQ XQ HQWRUQRGHWUDEDMRVRQORVTXHSUHVHQWDQXQRVPD\RUHVtQGLFHVGHQHXPiWLFRV FRQGHILFLHQFLDVJUDYHVVLHQGRODVIXUJRQHWDVORVGHULYDGRVGHWXULVPR\ORV YHKtFXORVPL[WRVDGDSWDEOHVORVTXH WLHQHQHOPD\RUSRUFHQWDMHGHQHXPiWLFRV TXHSUHVHQWDQSUREOHPDVJUDYHVSDUDODVHJXULGDG Defectos Furgoneta de menos de 3500 Kg. Vehículo Mixto y Derivado de Turismo Turismo Inspecciones 870 18.192 4,8% 2.351 57.998 4,1% 11.308 296.512 3,8% 215 7.628 2,8% Motocicletas (O SHRU UHVXOWDGR HV SDUD ODV IXUJRQHWDV FRQ XQ GH ODV LQVSHFFLRQHV GHVIDYRUDEOHVGHELGRDSUREOHPDVGHVHJXULGDGJUDYHVHQORVQHXPiWLFRV M ot ociclet as 2,8% Turismo 3,8% Vehí culo M ixto y Derivado de Turismo 4,1% Furgonet a de menos de 3500 Kg. 0,0% 4,8% 1,0% 2,0% 3,0% 4,0% 5,0% 6,0% Fuente: ATISAE 16 6L H[WUDSRODPRV HVWRV GDWRV DO SDUTXH GH IXUJRQHWDV H[LVWHQWH HVWDPRV KDEODQGRGHPiVGHIXUJRQHWDVTXHHVWiQFLUFXODQGRHQ(VSDxDFRQ ORV QHXPiWLFRV FRQ GHIHFWRV PX\ JUDYHV HQ FRQFUHWR GHO WRWDO GH GHOSDUTXHFLUFXODQWHFRQHOFRQVLJXLHQWHULHVJRSDUDODVHJXULGDG GHWRGRVORVXVXDULRV 5HVXOWDGRVHVSHFtILFRVHQIXUJRQHWDV 5HVXOWDGRVHVSHFtILFRVHQIXUJRQHWDV 5HVXOWDGRVHVSHFtILFRVHQIXUJRQHWDV /D IXUJRQHWD HV HO YHKtFXOR FRQFHELGR SDUD HO WUDQVSRUWH GH PHUFDQFtDV FX\D FDELQDHVWiLQWHJUDGDHQHOUHVWRGHODFDUURFHUtD /RV GHIHFWRV PiV KDELWXDOHV GHWHFWDGRV HQ ORV QHXPiWLFRV GH ODV IXUJRQHWDV VRQGRV (QGHFDGDFDVRVQRVHUHVSHWDODSURIXQGLGDGOHJDOGHOGLEXMRGH OD EDQGD GH URGDGXUD (VWH WLSR GH GHIHFWR HQ HO QHXPiWLFR HV GHELGR SULQFLSDOPHQWHD o o &LUFXODU FRQ XQD SUHVLyQ LQFRUUHFWD OR TXH DFHOHUD HQ JUDQ PHGLGDHOGHVJDVWH 3URORQJDUHQH[FHVRODYLGD~WLOGHOQHXPiWLFR (QGHFDGDFDVRVH[LVWHXQGHVJDVWHLUUHJXODUH[FHVLYR(VWHWLSRGH GHIHFWRHQHOQHXPiWLFRHVGHELGRD o 8QDPDODVXVSHQVLyQ o 8QDDOLQHDFLyQLQFRUUHFWD o &LUFXODUFRQXQDSUHVLyQHUUyQHD 17 Otros 8,0% Defectos de estado: ampollas, deformaciones anormales, roturas 13,8% Dimensiones y/o características no coincidentes con el fabricante 20,6% De distinto tipo en el mismo eje 25,9% Desgaste irregular excesivo 29,3% Profundidad de las ranuras no cumple prescripciones reglamentarias 0,0% Fuente: ATISAE 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 25,0% 30,0% 35,0% 18 ' 'HIHFWRVPiVFRPXQHV HIHFWRVPiVFRPXQHVHQORVQHXPiWLFRV PiVFRPXQHVHQORVQHXPiWLFRV HQORVQHXPiWLFRV (O PDQWHQLPLHQWR FRUUHFWR GHO QHXPiWLFR HV IXQGDPHQWDO SDUD OD VHJXULGDG +D\ XQD VHULH GH GHIHFWRV HQ ORV QHXPiWLFRV TXH HO XVXDULR GHEH DSUHQGHU D UHFRQRFHU\FRQRFHUVXVFDXVDVSDUDHYLWDUULHVJRV (Q OD VLJXLHQWH WDEOD VH H[SRQHQ DOJXQRV HMHPSORV GH ORV GHIHFWRV PiV IUHFXHQWHVHQORVQHXPiWLFRV 'HVJDVWHEDMRLQIODGR 'HVJDVWHEDMRLQIODGR 0D\RUGHVJDVWHHQORVODWHUDOHVGHOD EDQGDGHURGDGXUD 'HVJDVWHVREUHLQIODGR 'HVJDVWHVREUHLQIODGR 0D\RUGHVJDVWHHQHOFHQWURGHOD EDQGDGHURGDGXUD 'HVJDVWHXQLODWHUDO 'HVJDVWHXQLODWHUDO 'HVJDVWHSRUXQVRORERUGHGHOD EDQGDGHURGDGXUDGHELGRDXQD DOLQHDFLyQLQFRUUHFWDGHOQHXPiWLFR 19 'HVJDVWHSRUIUHQDGD 'HVJDVWHSRUIUHQDGD UHQDGD 'HVJDVWHSRUWUDPRV 'HVJDVWHSRUWUDPRV 'HVJDVWHVLUUHJXODUHVGHELGRV SULQFLSDOPHQWHDXQDVXVSHQVLyQHQ PDOHVWDGR $EUDVLyQHQHOFRVWDGR\FRUWHV $EUDVLyQHQHOFRVWDGR\FRUWHV 'HELGRSULQFLSDOPHQWHDJROSHV FRQWUDORVERUGLOORVGXUDQWHOD PDQLREUDGHDSDUFDPLHQWR 'DxRVHQHOPRQWDMHGHOQHXPiWLFR 'DxRVHQHOPRQWDMHGHOQHXPiWLFR GHOQHXPiWLFR 20 ,1)/8(1&,$(1/$ ,1)/8(1&,$(1/$ 6(*85,'$''(/2675$%$-$'25(6 6(*85,'$''(/2675$%$-$'25(6 '(/2675$%$-$'25(6 8Q DFFLGHQWH GH WUDEDMR HV WRGD OHVLyQ FRUSRUDO TXH VXIUH XQ WUDEDMDGRU FRQ RFDVLyQRFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHVXWUDEDMRWDQWR´LQLWLQHUHµHQHOWUD\HFWRGH VX GRPLFLOLR DO FHQWUR GH WUDEDMR \ YLFHYHUVD FRPR ´HQ PLVLyQ ´ GXUDQWH VX MRUQDGDODERUDO /RVDFFLGHQWHVODERUDOHVGHWUiILFRWLHQHQXQULHVJRPXFKRPD\RUSDUDODYLGD FRQPiVGHOGREOHGHSUREDELOLGDGHVGHIDOOHFHUTXHFRQUHVSHFWRDFXDOTXLHU RWUR WLSR GHDFFLGHQWH GH WUDEDMR SRUOR TXH H[LVWH WDPELpQ XQULHVJR PD\RU GHVXIULUXQDEDMDSRU´LQFDSDFLGDGSHUPDQHQWHµ 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFR 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFR 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFR 6HJ~Q GDWRV GHO ,QVWLWXWR 1DFLRQDO GH 6HJXULGDG H +LJLHQH HQ HO 7UDEDMR ,16+7HQVHSURGXMHURQDFFLGHQWHVGHWUDEDMRUHODFLRQDGRVFRQ HOWUiILFR 'HORVDFFLGHQWHVGHWUDEDMRFRQUHVXOWDGRGHPXHUWHTXHVHUHJLVWUDURQ XQ IXHURQ DFFLGHQWHV GH WUiILFR OR TXH VXSRQH XQ WRWDO GH WUDEDMDGRUHVIDOOHFLGRV6LHVWXGLDPRVODSURSRUFLyQGHDFFLGHQWHVODERUDOHVGH WUiILFR FRQ UHVXOWDGR GH PXHUWH HVWH SRUFHQWDMH VH PDQWLHQH FRQVWDQWH D OR ODUJR GH ORV DxRV SRGHPRV GHFLU TXH GH FDGD DFFLGHQWHV PRUWDOHV GH WUDEDMRVRQGHWUiILFR 100,0% 90,0% 80,0% 70,0% 60,0% 50,0% 40,0% 30,0% 36,1% 37,9% 38,8% 39,1% 40,3% 34,9% 20,0% 34,0% 10,0% 0,0% Año 2003 Año 2004 Año 2005 Tráfico Año 2006 Año 2007 Año 2008 Año 2009 NO Tráfico Fuente: Fichero informatizado de los accidentes de trabajo. Ministerio Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales 21 (VWH DOWR tQGLFH GH PRUWDOLGDG GH ORV DFFLGHQWHV GH WUiILFR KDFH TXH ORV DFFLGHQWHV ODERUDOHV FRQ PD\RU ULHVJR GH IDOOHFHU RFXUUHQ HQ XQ FRQWH[WR GH WUiILFR 'H KHFKR HQ ORV DFFLGHQWHV ODERUDOHV PRUWDOHV \ JUDYHV VL HVWi UHODFLRQDGRFRQHOWUiILFRODPRUWDOLGDGHVGHOIUHQWHDOVLHODFFLGHQWH ODERUDOQRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRFRQHOWUiILFR 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 40% 20% 50% 30% 10% 0% 20,4% 8,6% NO Tráfico Graves M ortales Tráfico Fuente: Fichero informatizado de los accidentes de trabajo. Ministerio Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFRGHIXUJRQHWDV 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFRGHIXUJRQHWDV 6LQLHVWUDOLGDGODERUDOHQWUiILFRGHIXUJRQHWDV (ODJHQWHPDWHULDO &HQWUiQGRQRV HQ HVWRV DFFLGHQWHV ODERUDOHV GH WUiILFR HQ HO SDUWH GH DFFLGHQWHGHWUDEDMRVHUHFRJHXQDYDULDEOHTXHD\XGDDLGHQWLILFDUHOWLSRGH YHKtFXORLQYROXFUDGRHQHODFFLGHQWHGHWUDEDMRHVWDYDULDEOHVHFRQRFHFRPR ´HODJHQWHPDWHULDOµ /RVGDWRVRIUHFLGRVHQHVWHDSDUWDGRVRQOLPLWDGRV\UHSUHVHQWDQORVPtQLPRV SXHVWRTXHHQFHUFDGHXQGHORVFDVRVHOWLSR GHYHKtFXOR QRVHOOHJDD GHWHUPLQDUSRUORTXHSXHGHHQFDGDFDVRVXQ~PHURVHUPD\RUVLODUHFRJLGD GH GDWRV VH UHDOL]DUD GH IRUPD TXH SHUPLWLHVH OOHJDU D GHWHUPLQDU HO WLSR GH YHKtFXORHQWRGRVORVDFFLGHQWHV 22 6HJ~QHVWRVGDWRVGHORVDFFLGHQWHVODERUDOHVGHWUiILFRDOPHQRVHQ DFFLGHQWHV KXER XQD IXUJRQHWD R XQ YHKtFXOR FRPHUFLDO OLJHUR LQYROXFUDGRORTXHUHSUHVHQWDXQGHORVFDVRV Agente material Accidentes Porcentaje Automóviles 37.044 53,8% Motocicletas 8.101 11,8% Furgonetas y Veh. Com. Ligeros 5.836 8,5% Vehículos pesados 1.740 2,5% Sin especificar 16.112 23,4% Total 68.833 100,0% Fuente: INSHT, 2009. 0RWLYRGHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWR 6L QRV FHQWUDPRV DKRUD HQ HO PRWLYR GHO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR GH XQ FRQGXFWRU GH IXUJRQHWD VHJ~Q ORV GDWRV GHO ´(VWXGLR GH DFFLGHQWHV FRQ LPSOLFDFLyQ GH IXUJRQHWDV'*7µHQXQGHORVFDVRVHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVHUHDOL]DED SRUPRWLYRVODERUDOHVGHORVFXDOHVHOLQLWtQHUH\HOHQPLVLyQ 3RU OR WDQWR SRGHPRV FRQVHJXLU XQD FLIUD DSUR[LPDGD GHO Q~PHUR GH IDOOHFLGRV HQ IXUJRQHWD HQ HQWRUQR ODERUDO WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD HO PRWLYR GHO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR6HJ~QORVGDWRVH[LVWHQWHVGHORVIDOOHFLGRVHQIXUJRQHWD HQHOVLHQHOGHORVFDVRVHOPRWLYRGHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWRHUDODERUDO SXHGH HVWLPDUVH TXH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH GH HOORV KDEUtDQ VLGR DFFLGHQWHV PRUWDOHVGHWUiILFRODERUDOHV 26% 46% 28% No laboral Laboral en jornada Laboral In itínere Fuente: Estudio de accidentes con implicación de furgonetas. DGT. 2009 23 ,QVSHFFLyQGHWUDEDMR ,QVSHFFLyQGHWUDEDMR &RPR UHFRJH OD ´*XtD SDUD ODV DFWXDFLRQHV GH OD ,QVSHFFLyQ GH 7UDEDMR HQ PDWHULD GH VHJXULGDG YLDO HQ ODV HPSUHVDVµ UHDOL]DGD SRU HO 0LQLVWHULR GH 7UDEDMR H ,QPLJUDFLyQ \ OD ,QVSHFFLyQ GH 7UDEDMR \ 6HJXULGDG 6RFLDO HQ HO iPELWR ODERUDO HO YHKtFXOR FRQVWLWX\H XQ HTXLSR GH WUDEDMR \ FRPR WDO HV GH DSOLFDFLyQHVSHFtILFDODQRUPDWLYDVREUHSUHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRVODERUDOHV 5HFLHQWHPHQWH VH KD FRPHQ]DGR D WHQHU HQ FXHQWD OD 6HJXULGDG 9LDO FRPR HOHPHQWR FODYH SDUD GLVPLQXLU ORV DFFLGHQWHV ODERUDOHV LQFRUSRUiQGRVH D OD JHVWLyQ GH OD SUHYHQFLyQ GH ULHVJRV GH OD HPSUHVD FRQWHQLGRV HVSHFtILFRV GH VHJXULGDG YLDO (VWR LPSOLFD TXH DGHPiV GHO FXPSOLPLHQWR GH OD QRUPDWLYD HVSHFtILFD GHO YHKtFXOR UHJXODGD SRU OD $GPLQLVWUDFLyQ ELHQ GH ,QGXVWULD 7UDQVSRUWHR,QWHULRUFRPRHVSDVDUOD,79SRUHMHPSORHOHPSUHVDULRGHEHUi UHDOL]DU XQD HYDOXDFLyQ SHULyGLFD GH ORV ULHVJRV \ SODQLILFDU ODV PHGLGDV SUHYHQWLYDVGHWRGRVVXVHTXLSRVGHWUDEDMRLQFOXLGRORVYHKtFXORV (VWDREOLJDFLyQGHOHPSUHVDULRHVLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHODWLWXODULGDGGHOYHKtFXOR VLHPSUH \ FXDQGR VH SRQJD DO VHUYLFLR GH OD DFWLYLGDG SURGXFWLYD GH OD HPSUHVD 3RU OR WDQWR OD HPSUHVD GHEH HYDOXDU HO HVWDGR GH ORV QHXPiWLFRV GH ORV YHKtFXORVTXHVHXWLOLFHQHQODDFWLYLGDGSURGXFWLYDFHUFLRUDUVHGHVXFRUUHFWR HVWDGR\OOHJDGRHOFDVRWRPDUODVPHGLGDVSUHYHQWLYDVQHFHVDULDVSDUDHYLWDU HOULHVJR 24 &216(-263$5$(/868$5,2 &216(-263$5$(/868$5,2 8QD YH] DQDOL]DGRV ORV UHVXOWDGRV GHO LQIRUPH GHVWDFDPRV TXH HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GHO EXHQ HVWDGR GH ORV QHXPiWLFRV VHUi GH YLWDO LPSRUWDQFLD SDUDPLQLPL]DUORVWUHVWLSRVGHDFFLGHQWHVPiVIUHFXHQWHVGHIXUJRQHWDVORV FKRTXHVSRUDOFDQFHODVFROLVLRQHVIURQWRODWHUDOHV\ODVVDOLGDVGHYtD 3DUD JDUDQWL]DU XQ FRUUHFWR PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH ORV QHXPiWLFRV GHEHQ WHQHUVH HQFXHQWDORVVLJXLHQWHVDVSHFWRV 0DQWHQHUVLHPSUHODSUHVLyQVHJ~QODVHVSHFLILFDFLRQHVGHOIDEULFDQWH 'HVHFKDU ORV QHXPiWLFRV JDVWDGRV H[FHVLYDPHQWH UHVSHWDQGR OD LQIRUPDFLyQGHORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHGHVJDVWH 5HYLVDU SHULyGLFDPHQWH HO GHVJDVWH GHVLJXDO GHO QHXPiWLFR \ HO HVWDGR GHODVOODQWDV8QGHVJDVWHGHVLJXDOVHSXHGHSURGXFLUSRU SUHVLyQ LQDGHFXDGD FRQ GHVJDVWH HQ ORV GRV ERUGHV H[WHUQRV GH OD EDQGDGHURGDGXUDRHQHOFHQWUR DOLQHDFLyQLQFRUUHFWDGHODVUXHGDVFRQGHVJDVWHSRUXQVRORERUGH GHODEDQGDGHURGDGXUD PDO HVWDGR GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ SXHGH GDU OXJDU D GHVJDVWHV LUUHJXODUHV 1R UHEDVDU ORV OtPLWHV GH YHORFLGDG \ GH FDUJD HVWDEOHFLGRV SRU HO IDEULFDQWH GHO FRFKH R SRU HO IDEULFDQWH GHO QHXPiWLFR \D TXH OD YHORFLGDG\VREUHFDUJDLQIOX\HQWDPELpQVREUHHOFDOHQWDPLHQWR (YLWDU HO PRQWDMH VREUH HO PLVPR HMH GH QHXPiWLFRV GH PDUFD R HVSHFLILFDFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHV (YLWDUUR]DGXUDVRJROSHVFRQWUDERUGLOORVXRWURVREVWiFXORV6HSXHGHQ RFDVLRQDUGDxRVLQWHUQRVQRYLVLEOHV6LSUHVHQWDXQDKHUQLDHQHOIODQFR GHEHVXVWLWXLUVHFXDQWRDQWHV /RV QHXPiWLFRV HQYHMHFHQ &RQ HO WLHPSR HO FDXFKR VH HQGXUHFH \ SLHUGH VXV SURSLHGDGHV RULJLQDOHV GH HODVWLFLGDG \ DGKHUHQFLD SRU OR TXH DXQTXH OD EDQGD GH URGDGXUD QR VH KXELHUD JDVWDGR FRQYLHQH FDPELDUORVHQWUHORVFXDWUR\VHLVDxRV 25 3DUD UHYLVDU OD SUHVLyQ GH ORV QHXPiWLFRV GHEHPRV WHQHU HQ FXHQWD ORV VLJXLHQWHVFRQVHMRV 5HYLVDU OD SUHVLyQ FDGD NLOyPHWURV XQ PHV R DQWH XQ YLDMH ODUJR &RQVXOWDUODVHVSHFLILFDFLRQHVWpFQLFDVGHOYHKtFXOR\QHXPiWLFR 9HULILFDU OD SUHVLyQ FRQ HO QHXPiWLFR HQ IUtR OR TXH VLJQLILFD URGDU PHQRV GH .P D SRFD YHORFLGDG QR ROYLGDQGR OD UXHGD GH UHSXHVWR &RQVXOWDU ORV LQGLFDGRUHV GH SUHVLyQ TXH SXHGH HQFRQWUDUVH SRUOR JHQHUDOHQ o o o o (OPDQXDOGHOYHKtFXOR (OPDUFRGHODSXHUWDGHOFRQGXFWRU (QODSXHUWDGHODJXDQWHUD (OLQWHULRUGHODWDSDGHODJDVROLQD &RORFDUVLHPSUHHOWDSyQGHODYiOYXODLPSUHVFLQGLEOHSDUDDVHJXUDU ODKHUPHWLGDGGHOQHXPiWLFR 26 %LEOLRJUDItD *XtD SDUD ODV DFWXDFLRQHV GH OD ,QVSHFFLyQ GH 7UDEDMR HQ PDWHULD GH VHJXULGDG YLDO HQ ODV HPSUHVDV 0LQLVWHULR GH 7UDEDMR H ,QPLJUDFLyQ ,QIRUPH 5$&( /D VHJXULGDG DFWLYD \ SDVLYD HQ YHKtFXORV LQGXVWULDOHV ,QIRUPH5$&(*RRG\HDU(OHVWDGRGHORVQHXPiWLFRVHQ(VSDxD (VWXGLRGHDFFLGHQWHVFRQLPSOLFDFLyQGHIXUJRQHWDV'*7 $QXDULRVHVWDGtVWLFRVGHDFFLGHQWHV'*7 $FFLGHQWHV GH WUDEDMR ² WUiILFR 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ H ,QIRUPDFLyQ,16+7 )LFKHURLQIRUPDWL]DGRGHORVDFFLGHQWHVGHWUDEDMR0LQLVWHULR7UDEDMR\ $VXQWRV6RFLDOHV 27