DE LOS FU NER A L E S GROT E SCOS DE PEPE BOTELL AS EN M A DR ID Y C Á DIZ (JU L IO DE 1812) Y DE OT R A S EFIGIE S BU R L A DA S José Manuel Pedrosa Universidad de Alcalá /RVSHULyGLFRVEl ConcisoGH&iGL]GHOGHMXOLRGH\El patriota de SoriaGHOGH MXOLRGHSXEOLFDURQXQDFUyQLFDODVGRVYHUVLRQHVGLIHUtDQVRORHQDOJXQDPHQXGHQFLD RUWRJUiILFD ILUPDGD SRU XQ WDO ©1 HVFULEDQR GH 0DGULGª TXH KDFtD HVWD GHVFULSFLyQ GHOLUDQWH GH ODV GLYHUVLRQHV SRSXODUHV TXH KDEtDQ HVWDOODGR HQ 0DGULG D OD FDtGD GHO UH\ LQWUXVR-RVp,MXVWRXQDxRDQWHVHQMXOLRGH Extracto de una carta fecha en Madrid el 28 de Junio /D DFFLyQ GHO QRV KD YXHOWR ORFRV GH FRQWHQWR WDQWD HV OD DOHJUtD GH HVWH SXHEOR« 6XSHTXHSULQFLSLDEDODLOXPLQDFLyQ\IXLDYHUOD*UDQGHIXHODFRPSODFHQFLDDOREVHUYDUTXH KDVWDODVFDOOHMXHODV\JXDUGLOODVHVWDEDQFRPRHQODSURFODPDFLyQGH)HUQDQGRHQ/D DOHJUtDGHODVJHQWHVFRUUHVSRQGLyiODLOXPLQDFLyQ\ODVHJXQGDH[FHGLyHQWRGRVLSXHGH VHUDODSULPHUD 3HURHQODTXHVHKLFLHURQH[FHVRVGHORFXUDIXHHQODWHUFHUDQRFKHGHLOXPLQDFLyQSXHV DTXtQRQRVKHPRVFRQWHQWDGRFRQXQDQLGRV\DHQED\OHV\DHQFDSULFKRV 3UHVHQFLpXQRGHORVPiVUDURV$FRPSDxDGRGHQXHVWURDPLJR1ED[pDO$YDSLHViODV GLH] GH OD QRFKH \ YLPRV TXH D OR ~OWLPR GH OD FDOOH VXEtD PXFKD JHQWH FRQ KDFKRQHV 'HVHRVRVGHVDEHUHOPRWLYRGHHVWHDFRPSDxDPLHQWRQRVKDOODPRVFRQTXDWURFLHJRVTXH OOHYDEDQHQXQDVDQGDVDXQKRPEUHGHSDMDOODPDGREl rey Pepe BotellaHOFXDODFDEDEDGH PRULU H LEDQ D HQWHUUDUOH $O SXQWR FRPSUDPRV KDFKRQHV \ SHGLPRV SHUPLVR SDUD TXH OD FRPSDxtDQRVDGPLWLHVH\VHGLJQySHUPLWLUOR 0LFRPSDxHURTXHOOHYDEDVDEOHVHSXVRDODFDEH]DGHOHQWLHUURVDEOHHQPDQR$SRFRV SDVRV QRV KDOODPRV FRQ XQD FRPSDxtD GH WDPERUHV StIDQRV \ PXFKDFKRV FRQ JRUUDV PRVWDFKRQHVVXVSDORVDOKRPEURFRPRIXVLOHVHWF0HSDUHFLyTXHHVWDJHQWHDXWRUL]DUtD QXHVWUR HQWLHUUR \ PH DGHODQWp D SDUODPHQWDU \ VXSOLFiUVHOR DO JHIH GH OD SDUWLGD HO TXH FRQVLQWLyPX\JXVWRVR 6DOLPRVWRGRVGHODFDOOHGHOD0HUFHG'HWUHFKRHQWUHFKR\QRPX\GLVWDQWHKDFtDQODV FD[DVVHxDOGHSDUDGDVHHQFDUJDEDVLOHQFLR\XQRGHORVFLHJRVHORFXHQWHSRUQDWXUDOH]D\ GRWDGRGHXQSXOPyQGHVXHODHFKDEDXQresponso, UHGXFLGRDUHIHULUODVLQIDPLDVGH3HSLOOR\ ODVGH ORVDIUDQFHVDGRVVLQROYLGDUODVGH%RQDSDUWH\FRPRVLHPSUHFRQFOXtDSRUGHVHDUOHV PDOWRGDODTXDGULOODUHVSRQGtDPX\GHFRUD]yQ´Amen, ymueraµVHJ~QFRUUHVSRQGtD (VWHDUWtFXORVHSXEOLFDGHQWURGHOPDUFRGHODUHDOL]DFLyQGHOSUR\HFWRGH,'GHO0LQLVWHULRGH&LHQFLD H ,QQRYDFLyQ WLWXODGR Historia de la métrica medieval castellana )), GLULJLGR SRU HO SURIHVRU )HUQDQGR*yPH]5HGRQGR\GHOSUR\HFWRCreación y desarrollo de una plataforma multimedia para la investigación en Cervantes y su época )), GLULJLGR SRU HO SURIHVRU &DUORV $OYDU 7DPELpQ FRPR DFWLYLGDG GHO *UXSRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ6HPLQDULRGH)LORORJtD0HGLHYDO\5HQDFHQWLVWDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH$OFDOi&&* 8$++80 \ GHO *UXSR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ *,(&2 *UXSR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ HQ(FRFUtWLFD GHO ,QVWLWXWR)UDQNOLQGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH$OFDOi$JUDGH]FRVXD\XGDD)HUQDQGR*yPH]5HGRQGR 19 20 Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) &RVWy PXFKR WUDEDMR SDVDU SRU ODV FDOOHV GH %DUULRQXHYR &DUUHWDV \ GH OD 0RQWHUD i SHVDUGHTXHODWURSDGH0DQRORV\0DQRODVLEDGHODQWHFRQKDFKRQHVDSDUWDQGRFRQPXFKR PRGRHOJHQWtR/OHJDPRVDODFDVDGRQGHHVWiHOFpOHEUH(PSHFLQDGR $OOtHUDHORtUDOFLHJRGHORVUHVSRQVRV0XFKDVGHVXVJUDFLDVVHSHUGtDQSRUODEXOOD\OD DOJD]DUD 3UHJXQWyOH GyQGH TXHUtD TXH VH HQWHUUDVH DTXHO GLIXQWR \ UHVSRQGLy HO (PSHFLQDGRqueen el barranco./HVGLRDORVFLHJRVXQDEXHQDJUDWLILFDFLyQ\ORVGHVSLGLy (Q YLUWXGGH HVWD RUGHQ YROYLy HO HQWLHUUR SRU ODV FDOOHV GH OD 0RQWHUD GH ODV &DUUHWDV $WRFKD SOD]XHODGH$QWyQ0DUWtQ\SRUODFDOOHGHO$YH0DUtDOOHJDPRVDOEDUUDQFR\DFRQ QXHYRV KDFKRQHV VH LOXPLQDURQ DPERV FRVWDGRV VH UHSLWLHURQ ORV responsos: VH TXHPy OD ILJXUDGHBotellas\ODVFHQL]DV\DOJXQRVIUDJPHQWRVFD\HURQHQODLQPXQGLFLDDODXQDGHOD QRFKH(OFLHJR1VHHPSHxyHQGH[DUDOOtSXHVWRHOVLJXLHQWHHSLWDILR $48Ì<$&((/5(<3(3,12 '(7e1(/3$620257$/ 123,6(6$(6($1,0$/ 48(38('(6$+2*$57((19,12 (ODOFDOGHGHEDUULR1PHSLGLyFRQPXFKDIRUPDOLGDGTXHOHGLHVHWHVWLPRQLRGHWRGR 0H FD\y PX\ HQ JUDFLD VX DSUHQVLyQ \ PiV TXDQGR DxDGLy FRQ OD PLVPD VHULHGDG TXH SHQVDEDUHPLWLUORDOJRELHUQR<RHVWDEDWDQORFRFRPRpOPDVQRSRUHVRDFFHGtDVXVVHULDV \ IRUPDOHV GHPDQGDV (Q ILQ FDQVDGtVLPR \ URQTXtVLPR SRU ODV PXFKDV YRFHV TXH GL HQ WRGDODFDUUHUDOOHJXpDPLFDVDDODVGRVGHODPDGUXJDGDKDELHQGRHQFRQWUDGRHQPXFKDV FDOOHVEDLOHVGHJXLWDUUD\GHSDQGHUR0DQRORV\0DQRODVTXHIXHUDGHVtGHJR]R\DOHJUtD FHOHEUDEDQODVJORULDVGHOORUG:HOOLQJWRQ\HOYDORUGHODVWURSDVDOLDGDV 0XFKRV FLHJRV OOHYDEDQ KDFKRQHV \ DXQTXH LEDQ DJDUUDGRV GH PXJHUHV HUD SUHFLVR DSDUWDUVHELHQGHHOORVSXHVDOJULWDUaménDOILQDOGHORVUHVSRQVRVGDEDQWDOHVWL]RQDGDVDXQ ODGR\DRWURTXHWHQtDXQRTXHHVWDUELHQOHMRVSRUHYLWDUVLQRHOSDORiORPHQRVHOKDFKyQ GHOFLHJR (VWHKHFKRSRGUiVHUVRORXQMXHJR\GHFLUVHGHpOSoñaba el ciego que veía, etc. 3HURDOR PHQRVPDQLILHVWDORTXHHV\VHUiVLHPSUHHVWHSXHEOR(El ConcisoGH&iGL]\ El patriota de Soria, (OWH[WRTXHDFDEDPRVGHUHSURGXFLUHVXQDMR\DQRWDELOtVLPDGHODOLWHUDWXUDHWQRJUiILFD \GHODGRFXPHQWDFLyQKLVWyULFDHVSDxRODGHFXDOTXLHUpSRFD\OXJDU(VWUXFWXUDGRDPRGR GHUHSRUWDMHHVFULWRHQSULPHUDSHUVRQDSRUTXLHQVHGLFHWHVWLJR\SDUWtFLSHGHORVKHFKRV WLHQH OD YLWDOLGDG \ OD HPRFLyQ GH OD YLYHQFLD SHUVRQDO OD OXFLGH] GHO PHMRU WHVWLPRQLR FRVWXPEULVWD\VRFLDO\ODGXFWLOLGDGGHODOLWHUDWXUDGHEXHQDOH\(VFULWRVREUHUHWD]RVGH HVFHQDVVXSHUSXHVWDV FRQ OXFHVTXH SDVDQGHO IXOJRUDO WHQHEULVPRVHUtDGLJQRGHO *R\D PiV VRFDUURQDPHQWH FDUQDYDOHVFR HO GHO HVSHFWUDO Entierro de la sardina SRU ODV FDOOHV GH 0DGULGSRUHMHPSORVLQRIXHVHSRUTXHHOJHQLRDUDJRQpVKDEtDFRQJHQLDGRUHODWLYDPHQWH FRQHOUH\LQWUXVR\VHKDEtDDYHQLGRLQFOXVRDUHWUDWDUORORTXHVXJLHUHTXHQRVHVHQWLUtD GHOWRGRFyPRGRGHQWURGHDTXHOMROJRULRYLROHQWDPHQWHDQWLMRVHILQR /DGHVFULSFLyQTXHQRVWUDVODGDHVWDFUyQLFDGHORVFLHJRVGH0DGULGGHVXRUJDQL]DFLyQ LQWHUQD GH VXV DUWHV YHUEDOHV GHVERUGDQWHV KXELHUDQ KHFKR ODV GHOLFLDV HQ FDPELR GH 5DEHODLV \ GH %DMWLQ 8Q WH[WR HQ ILQ TXH WUDQVPLWH DO OHFWRU OD LPSUHVLyQ GH TXH HV DUUDVWUDGR pO WDPELpQ SRU ODV FDOOHV GH DTXHO GHOLUDQWH 0DGULG TXH GHVWLOD VLQFHULGDG \ QHUYLRVRUSUHQGHQWHPHQWHPRGHUQRGHFDOLGDGGRFXPHQWDOFRPRVHFRQRFHQPX\SRFRV HQHVDpSRFD\HQRWUDV /D FUyQLFD TXH KHPRV FRQRFLGR D SDUWLU GH OD YHUVLyQ TXH IXH SXEOLFDGD HQ GRV SHULyGLFRV GH SURYLQFLDV GH GHELy GH YHU OD OX] WDPELpQ HQ RWUDV SXEOLFDFLRQHV \ De los funerales grotescos de PEPE BOTELLAS ... José Manuel Pedrosa 21 DOFDQ]y VHJXUDPHQWH FLHUWD QRWRULHGDG HQ OD pSRFD )UHLUH /ySH] Q /D DFRWDFLyQFRQTXHVHDEUH©H[WUDFWRGHXQDFDUWDIHFKDHQ0DGULGHOGH-XQLRªJHQHUD GXGDV\H[SHFWDWLYDVSXHGHTXHIXHVHVLPSOHUHVXPHQGHDOJXQDFUyQLFDPD\RU\D~QPiV LOXVWUDWLYD TXH DFDVR FLUFXODUtD WDPELpQ HQ VRSRUWHV GHOH]QDEOHV TXH SRU GHVJUDFLD QR KHPRVFRQVHUYDGR 7RGDYtD GRV DxRV GHVSXpV HQ OD Atalaya de La Mancha en Madrid GHO GH PDU]R GH SRGtD OHHUVH XQD FDUWD GLULJLGD DO ©6HxRU (GLWRUª ILUPDGD SRU XQ WDO -RVHI -RDTXtQ *RQ]iOH]GHOD&UX]TXLHQHVFULEtDGHVGHHO©%XUJRGH2VPD\'LFLHPEUHGHª\ DJUDGHFtD TXH HO SHULyGLFR KXELHVH SXEOLFDGR HQ Q~PHURV DQWHULRUHV FLHUWRV SRHPDV EXUOHVFRVFRQWUD-RVp,\HQFRPLiVWLFRVGH)HUQDQGR9,,FRPSXHVWRVSRULQJHQLRVGHRWURV OXJDUHVGH(VSDxD QRV KXELpUDPRV LGR i OD VHSXOWXUD DFDVR VLQ OHHU OD ERQLWD GpFLPD TXH YG KD LQVHUWDGR GH )UHJHQDOGHOD6LHUUDSDUDLOXVWUDUODKRQURVDPHPRULDGH'-RVHI1DERSULPHURHOPD\RU QDERGHTXDQWRVKDQSURGXFLGRORVQDEDUHVGH*DOLFLD7DPSRFRKXELpUDPRVWHQLGRQRWLFLD GHOEULOODQWHTXDUWHWRTXHSXVR',VLGRUR%DOJDxRQHQODSURFODPDFLyQGHO5H\)HUQDQGR LQVHUWRWRGRHQHOQ~PHURLa Mancha en Madrid, $TXHOODPLVPDFUyQLFDFRQWLQXDEDGHXQPRGRTXHQRVLQWHUHVDPXFKRSRUTXHVXJLHUH TXH OD YLYtVLPDHYRFDFLyQ GHO IXQHUDO EXUOHVFR GH -RVp , TXH KDEtD VLGR GHVFULWD SRU ©1 HVFULEDQRGH0DGULGªWUHVDxRVDQWHVVHJXtDYLYDHQODPHPRULDFROHFWLYD /RVDXWRUHVGHHVWDVSRHVtDVKXELHUDQWDPELpQLJQRUDGRODTXHVHSXVRHQHOHSLWDILRGH -RVHI%RWHOODV HQ HO 3HULyGLFR TXH VH WLWXOy el Patriota de Soria OXQHV GH $JRVWR GH TXDQGR WRGDYtD DQGDEDQ ORV IUDQFHVRQHV SRU (VSDxD < SRUTXH ORV GH )UHJHQDO \ %XUJRV VHSDQTXHKD\DTXtXQHQHPLJRFRPRHOORVLPSODFDEOHGHIUDQFHVHVDIUDQFHVDGRV\OLEHUDOHV LQVHUWRiYGODJORVDTXHKLFHiGLFKRHSLWDILRTXHVHFRQFLEHHQHVWRVWpUPLQRV *ORVDDOHSLWDILRGH-RVHI%RWHOODV 5('21',//$ Aquí yace el Rey Pepino, deten el paso, mortal, no pi[ses] a este animal, que puedes ahogarte en vino 48,17,//$6 £$KUH\QDGRSHUHJULQR /DQ]DGRGHVXVYDVDOORV TXDORWUR6DQFKRPRKLQR OOHQRGHYDFD\GHFDOORV aquí yace el Rey Pepino £)(51$1'2\DWXULYDO VHSXGUHHQODORVDIUtD $QD )UHLUH UHPLWH D ©'*6 YRO $SDUHFH WDPELpQ HQ '>LDULR@ 5>HGDFWRU GH@ 6>HYLOOD@HOPLVPRGtDYROGLFLHQGRTXHWRPDHVRVYHUVRVGH ª (OGH-RVHI1DERIXHRWURGHORVPRWHVGHVSHFWLYRVTXHGLRHOSXHEORHVSDxROD-RVp,/RFRUURERUD SRUHMHPSORXQDLQYHFWLYDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWDTXHSXEOLFy La Atalaya de La Mancha, HQ0DGULGHO GLULJLGD©DORVILHOHVYDVDOORVGH-RVHI1DERSULPHURiORVKLMRVHVSXULRVGH)HUQDQGRª /DIHFKDFRUUHFWDKXELHUDGHELGRVHUODGHO Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) 22 SXHVTXHVXYLGDEUXWDO QRVGLRWDQEXHQDDOHJUtD GHWHQHOSDVRPRUWDO 6L0DGULGQRHVGHVOHDO \DWUiVQRYXHOYHVXVSLHV GLJDFRQDFHQWRLJXDO £0DQRORGHO$YDSLHV “no pises á este animal”. (ODWHLVWDPDVILQR PDVODGURQD]RTXH&DFR PXULy6LDVtQRVFRQYLQR QRWHDFHUTXHVDO'LRV%DFR TXHSXHGHVDKRJDUWHHQYLQR +DJD YG 6HxRU (GLWRU TXH HO HSLWDILR JORVDGR GH HVWH KRPEURQ ILOyVRIR QR TXHGH UHGXFLGR i ORV HVWUHFKRV OtPLWHV GH ODV VLHUUDV GHO %XUJR GH 2VPD \ GH 6RULD 3DVH i )UHJHQDOi%XUJRViWRGDOD3HQtQVXOD\(XURSDTXHORPHUHFHWDQLQVLJQHGLIXQWR 0DVTXHVXVDPLJRWHVOORUHQiPRFRWHQGLGR5DWLILTXHYGiORVTXHOHKDQDERUUHFLGROD LPSODFDELOLGDGFRQIUDQFHVHVDIUDQFHVDGRV\OLEHUDOHVLPSODFDELOLGDGHWHUQDTXHVLQSHFDU OHVDVHJXUDKDVWDHOSRVWUHUVXVSLURVXLQYHQFLEOHVXEVFULWRU460%La Mancha en Madrid, /DSHUGXUDFLyQGHODPHPRULDFRP~QGHOFDUQDYDOTXHVHKDEtDPRQWDGRHQ0DGULGD FRVWD GH OD H[SXOVLyQ GH Pepe Botellas, \ OD SURGXFFLyQ UHSURGXFFLyQ LQWHUFDPELR \ JORVD FUX]DGDGHYHUVRVVDWtULFRVTXHGHELySURSLFLDUHQFXHQWUDQHQORVHVFULWRVTXHDFDEDPRVGH FRQRFHUUHIOHMRVILGHGLJQRVSHURVLQGXGDPX\SiOLGRVHLQFRPSOHWRVGHORVTXHGHELHURQ ODWLUHQODpSRFD 7DPSRFR IXHURQ ODV EXUODV GH 0DGULG ODV ~QLFDV TXH VH KLFLHURQ SDUD FHOHEUDU OD GHIHQHVWUDFLyQ GH -RVp %RQDSDUWH 'HELy GH KDEHU PXFKRV PiV HQ PXFKDV FLXGDGHV \ SXHEORV SRUTXH XQR GH ORV HQWUHWHQLPLHQWRV IDYRULWRV GHO SXHEOR HVSDxRO KD FRQVLVWLGR WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHVHJ~QYDPRVDLUYLHQGRHQFRQIHFFLRQDUPXxHFRVSRQHUOHVQRPEUHVGH QRWDEOHVRGLDGRVYHMDUORVHQHILJLH\TXHPDUORVDPRGRGHDYLVR\H[RUFLVPRGHWLUDQRV\ PDODQGULQHV (Q &iGL] FLXGDG HPEOHPiWLFD GH OD UHVLVWHQFLD DQWLIUDQFHVD VH FHOHEUy WDPELpQ XQ FDUQDYDO QRWRULR FRQ XQ PXxHFR MRVHILQR ]DUDQGHDGR FROJDGR \ YLOLSHQGLDGR PiV FDQFLRQHV DOXVLYDV \ WRGR WLSR GH EXUODV \ DOHJUtDV DGOiWHUHV 3RVLEOHPHQWH PiV PXOWLWXGLQDULRRUJDQL]DGR\FRQVLVWHQWHTXHHOGH0DGULGTXHGDODLPSUHVLyQDWUDYpVGH OD FUyQLFD TXH GH pO TXHGy GH TXH IXH UHODWLYDPHQWH LPSURYLVDGR $XQTXH QR VDEHPRV KDVWD TXp SXQWR SRUTXH KDEODED HO FURQLVWD PDGULOHxR GH TXH ©HQ OD TXH VH KLFLHURQ H[FHVRV GH ORFXUD IXH HQ OD WHUFHUD QRFKH GH LOXPLQDFLyQ SXHV DTXt QR QRV KHPRV FRQWHQWDGRFRQXQDQLGRVª,QGLFLRGHTXHORVIHVWHMRVPDGULOHxRVVHH[WHQGLHURQGXUDQWH YDULRV GtDV LJXDO TXH ORV TXH VH FHOHEUDURQ HQ &iGL] OR FXDO UHTXHULUtD DOJXQD PtQLPD SODQLILFDFLyQ /DFUyQLFDSHULRGtVWLFDSXEOLFDGDHQEl Conciso de CádizHOGHDJRVWRGHHVRWUR GRFXPHQWR GH FDOLGDG HWQRJUiILFD IDEXORVD PHMRU RUGHQDGR \ FRQ LQIRUPDFLyQ PiV VLVWHPiWLFDTXHODGHOPDGULOHxRDXQTXHFDUH]FDDFDVRGHVXIOXLGH]\HVSRQWDQHLGDG3RU FLHUWRTXHHOPLVPRSHULyGLFRHQVXHGLFLyQGHOGHPDU]RGHKDEtDDYDQ]DGR\DOR TXHHQODVVHPDQDVSUy[LPDVLEDDVXFHGHU©HO5H\3HSLQRWLHQHSUHSDUDGDVVXVDOIRUMDV\ FDUURVFXELHUWRVSDUDPDUFKDUHQFDVRGHDSXURª De los funerales grotescos de PEPE BOTELLAS ... José Manuel Pedrosa (O LQPHQVR JHQWtR HO -XELOR GH TXH HVWDEDQ WRGRV SRVHtGRV OD PXOWLWXG GH WLHQGDV HO WRWDO GH OD LOXPLQDFLyQ HO FiQWLFR GH KLPQRV SDWULyWLFRV ODV P~VLFDV PLOLWDUHV \ KDVWD OD WHPSHUDWXUDGHODDWPyVIHUDWRGRFRQYLGDEDDOUHJRFLMR /OHQyORVGHVHRVGHORVFRQFXUUHQWHVHOiUEROGHIXHJRTXHVHH[HFXWyFRQWRGRSULPRU HO DUWLVWD WXYR HO FDSULFKR GH SRQHU HQ HO UHPDWH XQ PDQLTXt FRQ XQLIRUPH SODFDV \ EHUHQMHQDVDOSHFKR\ODJHQWHVHHPSHxyHQTXHHUDODILJXUDGH3HSHSDUHFtDIXQGDGDHVWD RSLQLyQVLVHDWLHQGHiORTXHODWDOSDQWRPtPLFDILJXUDWHQLDHQODPDQRSXHVUHSUHVHQWDED ODVLQVLJQLDVUHDOHVGHODQXHYDGLQDVWtDLQWUXVRUH\QDQWHDPEXODQWHHVFDSDQWHHVGHFLUXQD ERWHOOD TXH VH HPSHxDURQ HQ OODPDU FHWUR GHO UH\ GH ORV UHQHJDGRV VH FRUURERUD HVWD VRVSHFKD DO YHU TXH HQ XQD GH ODV FRSOLOODV TXH VH FDQWDURQ YpDVH OD FRSOD VH KDFH PHQFLyQ GH HVWD LGHD \ VHPHMDQWH DXWRULGDG QR GH[D GH UHVSHWDEOH GDPDV SHVR D HVWD RSLQLyQHOREVHUYDUTXHDSHVDUGHOYLYRIXHJRDTXHHOWDOPDQLTXtHVWXYRH[SXHVWRMDPiV VROWy GH OD PDQR VX ERWHOOLFHWUR /OHYy HO DUWLVWD VX FDSULFKR KDVWD SUHVHQWDU D QXHVWUD ILJXULOODFRQJULOORV\FDGHQDVHVPX\ODXGDEOHODEXHQDLQWHQFLyQ\HQHVWRQRKL]RPDVTXH LQGLFDUORVYLYRVGHVHRVGHWRGRVORVEXHQRVHVSDxROHVYHDVHFRSOD &RQWLQXR OD GLYHUVLyQ \ HO ED\OH SRSXODU HQ OD PLVPD SOD]D KDVWD OD PDGUXJDGD GHO YDULDQGR ODV P~VLFDV PXOWLWXG GH PDUFKDV F HQWRQDQGR OD FRPSDxtD GH FRPLFRV GLIHUHQWHV KLPQRV SDWULRWLFRV \ RWUDV FDQFLRQHV HQWUH HVWDV IXHURQ LPSURYLVDGDV SRU XQ FyPLFR\FDQWDGDVODVVLJXLHQWHV &RQODVERPEDVTXHHQYtD HOIDUVDQWH6RXOW KDFHQODVJDGLWDQDV WRTXLOODVGHWXO 4XDQGR3HSH%RWHOODV HVWiERUUDFKR GLFHDORVHVSDxROHV HVWDUJDEDFKR 4XDQGRYLQRD&KLFODQD HOIDUVDQWH6RXOW SDUDHOERWtQGH&DGL] WUDMRXQED~O (OJUDQ3HSH%RWHOODV SXHVWRHQHOiUERO KDEDLODGRHVWDQRFKH XQEXHQIDQGDQJR $XQTXH3HSHHQHOiUERO VHDWRQWHUD DFiORVHQWLPRV QRVHDGHYHUDV (OJUDQ6RXOW\%RWHOODV HQ$OPHUtD YDQDSRQHUWLHQGD GHDOR[HUtD (OJUDQ3HSH%RWHOOD GLFHDORVVX\RV ´YiPRQRVDOD)UDQFLD TXHHVWRHVWDUGXURµ $OGDUXQFKXVFRD3HSH PLOYXHOWDVGDQGR 23 Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) 24 GL[RGHVGHDKRUDVHD 3HSH92/$'2 1R HV SRVLEOH GDU XQD LGHD GH OD UHFKLIOD EHID \ PRID TXH HO S~EOLFR PRVWUDED HQ VX DOJD]DUDiFDGDXQDGHHVWDVFRSOLOODV\HOGHVHRTXHPDQLIHVWDEDGHRtUPDV\PDVSRUHVWH HVWLOR/D6UD,OORWVDEHGDUFRQHOVHPEODQWH\DGHPDQWDOIXHU]D\H[SUHVLyQiHVWHJpQHUR GH FDQFLRQHV TXH ORV H[SHFWDGRUHV QR SXHGHQ PHQRV GH DFRPSDxDUOD HQ OD SXEOLFD GHPRVWUDFLRQGHOGHVSUHFLR\RGLRTXHPHUHFHODFDQDOODJDEDFKD\HODXWyPDWDTXHOODPDQ ©5(<ª>ODVOHWUDVDSDUHFHQERFDDEDMRHQODFUyQLFD@0XFKRPHQRVHVSDUDSLQWDUVHHOJR]R vivas \ DSODXVRV KDVWD FRQ SDxXHORV \ VRPEUHURV HQDUERODGRV TXH SRU PXFKR WLHPSR FRQWLQXDURQDRLUODVLJXLHQWH 4XHYLYDQORV,QJOHVHV 9LYD)(51$1'2 4XHYLYDHO/RUG:(//,1*721 3RUPXFKRVDxRV +DVWDODVGHODPDxDQDGXUyHVWDGLYHUVLyQDODTXDOTXHGDHOSXHEORDUUHJRVWDGR\HVSHUDHQ HVWDV SUy[LPDV QRFKHV RWUDV YHODGDV \ XQD IHULD SDWULyWLFD SDUD GDU GHVDKRJR D VX MXELOR SRU ORV WULXQIRVGHODVDUPDVDOLDGDVEl Conciso de Cádiz, (Q&iGL]OOHJyKDVWDDSURSRQHUVHHQWUHRWUDVFRVDVTXHXQPXxHFRTXHUHSUHVHQWDVHD 6RXOW HO RGLDGtVLPR JHQHUDO IUDQFpV TXH GLULJLy HO FHUFR GH OD FLXGDG TXHGDVH H[SXHVWR SDUDPRIDJHQHUDOVREUHHOPRUWHURIUDQFpVTXHKDEtDHVWDGRPDFKDFDQGRFUXHOPHQWHDORV VLWLDGRV\HQDOJ~QOXJDUELHQHPEOHPiWLFR $UWtFXORFRPXQLFDGR 6U 5HG 3URSRQJR TXH VHD FRQGXFLGR i &iGL] HO PD\RU GH ORV PRUWHURV FRQ TXH HO LQIDPH6RXOWLQVXOWDEDiHVWHSXHEORPDJQiQLPRFRORFiQGRVHHQODSOD]DGH6 $QWRQLR ~ RWURVLWLR VHxDODGR SDUD VHUYLU GH PRQXPHQWR HWHUQR i QXHVWUD JORULD \ GH RSURELRDOQRPEUHIUDQFpVTXHVREUHpOVHFRORTXHFXDO%DFRVREUHODFXEDODHVWDWXDGH DTXHOJHIHGHDVHVLQRVTXHFDGDDxRVHGHVWLQHXQGLDSDUDUHFXHUGRGHODYLOFRQGXFWDGHORV IUDQFHVHV FRQWUD XQ SXHEOR GRQGH WDQ GXOFH DFRJLGD KDOODURQ FXDQGR VH ILQJtDQ DPLJRV ILQDOPHQWH TXH HQ HVWH GLD DQLYHUVDULR KDJD XQ UHJLGRU DO SLH GHO PRUWHUR XQ HQpUJLFR GLVFXUVRHQHOTXHUHFXHUGHWDQWDLQIDPLD\H[KRUWHiQRROYLGDUODFDQWiQGRVHOXHJRiJROSH GHWDPERULOHV\FKLULPtDVDOJXQDVOHWULOODVGHHVFDUQLRDOULGtFXORGXTXHGH'DOPDFLDDOFRUVR HPSHUDGRU\DOUH\%RWHOODVGiQGRVHILQDODILHVWDFRQXQEDLOHGHPiVFDUDSDUDEXUODGHWDQ ULGtFXODVSHUVRQDV -0Redactor GeneralGHOUHSURGXFLGRHQEl ConcisoGHO /RVIHVWHMRVJDGLWDQRVFRPELQDURQHQILQORIRUPDO\ORLQIRUPDOODFHOHEUDFLyQGHODV DXWRULGDGHV\ODGHOSXHEOR /D UHWLUDGD GHO IUDQFpV VH FHOHEUD LJXDOPHQWH FRQ IXQFLRQHV UHOLJLRVDV (Q OD LJOHVLD GHO &DUPHQVHFDQWyXQ7H'HXPDOTXHDVLVWLyHOSOHQRGHODV&RUWHVWUDVXQDYRWDFLyQS~EOLFD TXHDVtVHGHFLGH7DPELpQOD5HJHQFLDDVLVWHDODFWR(QHOFDPSRGHO%DOyQHOSXHEORIHVWHMD HO WULXQIR $OOt HQWUH FKDQ]DV \ EXUODV VH FDQWDEDQ ODV FRSOLOODV DOXVLYDV TXH \D FRUUtDQ GH ERFDHQERFD6ROtV0DUDxyQ /ODPD OD DWHQFLyQ OD IUDVH TXH GHQWUR GH OD YLYtVLPD FUyQLFD JDGLWDQD SURSRQtD TXH VREUHHOJUDQPRUWHURDUUHEDWDGRDORVIUDQFHVHVVHFRORFDVH ©FXDO%DFRVREUHODFXEDOD HVWDWXDGHDTXHOJHIHGHDVHVLQRVª6RXOW 3DUHFHUtDFRPRVLSDUDORVHVSDxROHVWRGRVORV FDSLWRVWHVIUDQFHVHVIXHVHQXQRVSHUGLGRVERUUDFKRV&XDOLGDGTXHWUDVOXFtDGHVGHOXHJRHO De los funerales grotescos de PEPE BOTELLAS ... José Manuel Pedrosa 25 PRWH GH Pepe Botellas TXH VH GLR DO UH\ IUDQFpV \ FRSOLOODV FRPR DTXHOOD TXH HYRFDED 0HVRQHUR5RPDQRV <DVHIXHSRUODV9HQWDV HO5H\3HSLQR FRQXQSDUGHERWHOODV SDUDHOFDPLQR TXLHQ QR WXYR PiV UHPHGLR TXH DFODUDU TXH ©OR GH OD HPEULDJXH] HV DEVROXWDPHQWH YROXQWDULRSXHVVDELGRHVTXHQRSUREDEDHOYLQRª0HVRQHUR5RPDQRV /DVGRVFUyQLFDVGHODVYHMDFLRQHVTXHVHKLFLHURQDODHILJLHGH3HSH%RWHOODVHQ0DGULG \HQ&iGL]RIUHFHQWDODPDOJDPDGHGHWDOOHVHWQRJUiILFRVVRFLRFXOWXUDOHV\OLWHUDULRVTXHVX GHVPHQX]DPLHQWRSUHFLVDUtD XQJUDQ GHUURFKHGHSiJLQDV/DREOLJDFLyQHQHVWDRFDVLyQ GHVHUPX\VLQWpWLFRVQRVIXHU]DDVHUVHOHFWLYRVHQODVFRPSDUDFLRQHV\DLUSRUSDUWHV 'LULMDPRVSULPHURQXHVWUDDWHQFLyQKDFLDHOHSLWDILREXUOHVFR©DTXt\DFHHOUH\3HSLQR GHWpQHOSDVRPRUWDO«ªTXH©1HVFULEDQRGH0DGULGªHVFXFKyFDQWDUDXQFLHJRPiVTXH RFXUUHQWHHQ\TXHGRVDxRVGHVSXpVJORVyHQTXLQWLOODVXQSRHWDDILFLRQDGRVRULDQR (MHPSOR PX\ DIRUWXQDGR GH XQ JpQHUR SDUyGLFR TXH FRQRFLy LQWHQVR FXOWLYR HQ DTXHOOD pSRFD DXQTXH SXHGH TXH VX HGDG GH RUR DXWpQWLFD VH VLWXDVH HQ HO 5HQDFLPLHQWR \ HO %DUURFRHQORVTXHWXYRH[SUHVLRQHVFRPRHVWD (QWUH ORV HSLWDILRV TXH KDQ VLGR KHFKRV SRU KRPEUHV TXH PXULHURQ GH PXHUWH FUXHO R GHVDVWUDGDPHDFXHUGRGHXQRTXH\RYLHQ=DPRUDHOFXDOQRHVPHQRVULGtFXORTXHFUXHO\ H[WUDxDIXHODPXHUWHGHOKRPEUHSRUTXLHQVHFRPSXVR/DKLVWRULDHVpVWDHQODFLXGDGGH =DPRUD TXH HV XQD GH ODV PiV DQWLJXDV GH (VSDxD KXER XQ KRPEUH OODPDGR %HOWUiQ GH )XHQWH)ULGD HO FXDO SRU VX YHQWXUD PLHQWUDV IXH FDVDGR IXH FRUQXGR SRU VXV SHFDGRV \ SDVDQGRVXYLGDFRQSDFLHQFLDFRPR'LRVORPDQGDWUDVHVHPDOOHVXFHGLyRWURPD\RU\HV TXHHOGtDGH6DQWLDJR3DWUyQGH(VSDxDFRPRFRUULHVHQORVWRURVHQ=DPRUDHVWH%HOWUiQ VDOLyDOFRUUREUDYR\ERUUXIHUR\TXHULHQGRKDFHUHOYDOLHQWHFRPRORVRWURVVXGHVYHQWXUD TXLVRTXHXQIXULRVRWRUROHDOFDQ]y\OHKLQFyORVFXHUQRVSRUODVHVSDOGDV\DOOtOHPDWy$Vt HOFXLWDGRGLRHODOPDD'LRVFRQFXHUQRVGHWUiV\FXHUQRVGHODQWH£2KTXpGHVYHQWXUD)XH GHVSXpVHQWHUUDGRHQXQDSHTXHxDLJOHVLDTXHHVWiIXHUDGHORVPXURVDODRULOODGHO'XHUR HQWUHXQDVSHxDVHQODFXDO\RKDOOpVXHSLWDILRTXHHVpVWH $TXt\DFH%HOWUiQGH)XHQWH)ULGD FRUQXGRIXHHQODYLGDSRUVXVXHUWH RWURVFXHUQRVGHVSXpVOHGLHURQPXHUWH OHFWRUJXDUWHGHFXHQWRVSRUWXYLGD5RGUtJXH]&DFKR 9ROYLHQGR D ORV LQLFLRV GH QXHVWUR VLJOR ;,; FLUFXODURQ HSLWDILRV EXUOHVFRV QR VROR FRQWUD -RVp , VLQR WDPELpQ FRQWUD VX KHUPDQR 1DSROHyQ FDOFDGRV VREUH PROGHV IRUPXOtVWLFRV©DTXt\DFHHO«ªPX\FRQYHQFLRQDOHV(OVLJXLHQWHUHSRUWDMHFRQVXHSLWDILR LQVHUWRIXHSXEOLFDGRHQODAtalaya de La Mancha en MadridHOGHPD\RGH $QpFGRWD TXH SXHGH VHUYLU GH H[HPSOR i ORV /LEHUDOHV SDUD GH[DUVH GH YDJDWHODV \ SUR\HFWRV\GHVWLQDUVHiJR]DUGHODYLGDVRVHJDGD\UHJDORQDGHORVPDPDQWHV\SDQFLVWDV /D YR] TXH FRUULy HVWRV GLDV GH KDEHUVH IXJDGR 1DSROHyQ i 7XUTXtD FDUHFH GH IXQGDPHQWRVHJ~QXQSULVLRQHURFLYLOTXHYLHQHGH)UDQFLD<VHWLHQHSRUPDVFLHUWRTXHKD GHVLVWLGRGHOUHWLURiODLVODGH(OED\TXHHQVXOXJDUSLGHFRQDQVLDXQDGHODV$EDGtDVGH (VWHHSLWDILREXUOHVFRIXHDQRWDGRHQODSilva curiosa GH-XOLiQGH0HGUDQRR-XOLRÌxLJXH]GH0HGUDQR TXHIXHSXEOLFDGDHQ3DUtVHQ\5RGUtJXH]&DFKR Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) 26 0RQJHVTXHDQWHVKDEtDSDUDDFDEDUVXVGLDVHQWUHHOORV6LDVtIXHVHHODXWRUGHODLQJHQLRVD \DSUHFLDEOHREUDGHONapoleón, o verdadero D. Quixote de la EuropaQRDQGDEDPX\GLVWDQWHGH SUHVDJLDU HO SDUDGHUR GH WDQ JUDQGH KpURH TXDQGR OH DFRQVHMDED TXH VH PHWLHVH HQ XQ 0RQDVWHULRGHOD7UDSD\TXHVREUHVXVHSXOFURVHSXVLHVHHOVLJXLHQWHHSLWDILR $TXt\DFHHO&RUVRIXHUWH TXHiWDQWRH[WUHPROOHJy GHJUDQGH]DTXHVHDGYLHUWH TXHODPXHUWHQRWULXQIy GHVXYLGDFRQVXPXHUWH 7XYRiWRGRHOPXQGRHQSRFR IXpHOHVSDQWDMR\HOFRFR GH)UD\OHViPDUDYLOOD TXHVHHQWUy0RQJHHQOD7UDSD \PXULyFRQVXFDSLOODLa Atalaya de La Mancha0DGULG (O EXUOHVFR HSLWDILR D 1DSROHyQ FRQWUDKHFKR GHO TXH HO EDFKLOOHU 6DQVyQ &DUUDVFR HVFULELyVHJ~QHOFDStWXOR,,/;;,9GHODREUDPDHVWUDFHUYDQWLQDSDUDODWXPEDGHGRQ 4XLMRWH ©\DFH DTXt HO KLGDOJR IXHUWH«ª HV KHUHGHUR GH XQD WUDGLFLyQ DQWLTXtVLPD GH HSLWDILRVVHULRV\FyPLFRVTXHQRSRGHPRVDKRUDGHVHQWUDxDU\SUHFXUVRUDOPLVPRWLHPSR GHRWURVFRPRHOTXH$XJXVWR0RQWHUURVRSXVRHQHOIURQWLVSLFLRGHVXQRYHODLo demás es silencio©$TXt\DFH(GXDUGR7RUUHVTXLHQDORODUJRGHVXYLGDOOHJyYLR\IXH VLHPSUHYHQFLGRWDQWRSRUORVHOHPHQWRVFRPRSRUODVQDYHVHQHPLJDVª0RQWHUURVR (VSDUDOHORWDPELpQPX\DIRUWXQDGRGHPXFKRVTXHFLUFXODURQHQODDWULEXODGD pSRFDGH-RVp,\GH)HUQDQGR9,,HQODTXHWXYLHURQPD\RURPHQRUIRUWXQDVHJ~QKD GHWDOODGR$QD0DUtD)UHLUH/ySH]XQ Epitafio a los experiódicos de los republicanosXQEpitafio del sepulcro de Nerón, que podrá servir para la tumba de Napoleón Bonaparte XQ Epitafio para el sepulcro de los liberales XQ Epitafio que se debe a los sediciosos liberales en el panteón del olvido XQ Epitafio al Emperador de los francesesXQSoneto Epitáfico a la Inquisición« 8QR GH ORV TXH PiV VH UHSURGXMR IXH HO TXH VH KL]R D 'XSRQW GHVSXpV TXH SHUGLy OD EDWDOOD GH %DLOpQ HO GH MXOLR GH /D YLFWRULD GH ODV WURSDV GHO JHQHUDO &DVWDxRV HVWLPXOyDORVHVSDxROHV\HVSHFLDOPHQWHDORVDQGDOXFHVTXHUHSHWtDQ $TXt\DFHHOJUDQGH'XSRQW JUDQGHFXDQGR'LRVTXHUtD TXHPXULyGHXQERIHWyQ TXHOHGLROD$QGDOXFtD)UHLUH/ySH] (OHSLWDILRFRQH[WHQVDH[SOLFDFLyQLQWURGXFWRULDIXHSXEOLFDGRHQLa EsperanzaGHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH HQ XQD FDUWD TXH ILUPDED ©< (ª \ TXH GHFtD HQWUH RWUDV FRVDV ©SRQJR D FRQWLQXDFLyQ XQD GH ODV SURGXFFLRQHV SRpWLFDV TXH PiV DYLYy HO HQWXVLDVPR GH WRGRV FRPR WDPELpQ HO HSLWDILR i OD UHQGLFLyQ GHO JHQHUDO'XSRQWFRQVXHMpUFLWRHQ%DLOpQDPEDVFRVDVFRUURERUDUiQODVDFWXDOHVLGHDVGH9GV(QWRQFHVHOODV KDFtDQGHFDGDKRPEUHXQKpURH\DXQORVVROGDGRVPDVELVRxRVVHSRUWDURQFRPRWDOHVHQDTXHOODJORULRVD DFFLyQ<RDVtORHVSHULPHQWpSXHVFRQWULEXtiHOODFRPRFDSLWiQTXHHUDGHODFRPSDxtDGHOEDWDOOyQGHO UHJLPLHQWR LQIDQWHUtD GH ODV FXDWUR 2UGHQHV 0LOLWDUHV XQR GH ORV TXH PHMRU VH SRUWDURQ HQ OD EDWDOOD FRUUHVSRQGLHQGRDODGLYLVLyQTXHPDQGDEDHOJHQHUDO&XSLQLHQHOHMpUFLWRGH$QGDOXFtDª/D(VSHUDQ]D /DGpFLPDTXHDFRPSDxDEDHQDTXHOODFDUWDDOHSLWDILRGH'XSRQWHUDHVWD /DFDVWHOODQDDUURJDQFLD VLHPSUHKDWHQLGRSRUSXQWR QRROYLGDUORGH6DJXQWR UHFRUGDUORGH1XPDQFLD IUDQFHVHVLGRVi)UDQFLD GHMDGQRVFRQQXHVWUDOH\ De los funerales grotescos de PEPE BOTELLAS ... José Manuel Pedrosa 27 (Q ILQ TXH OD PRGD GH ORV HSLWDILRV EXUOHVFRV VLJXLy ELHQ YLJHQWH GXUDQWH WRGR DTXHO VLJORVHJ~QLOXVWUDSRUHMHPSORHOTXHSXEOLFyLa ÉpocaHOGH$EULOGH $TXt\DFHXQJHQHUDO TXHKL]RPiVHOPDOTXHHOELHQ (OELHQTXHKL]RORKL]RPDO HOPDOTXHKL]RORKL]RELHQ La Época 'HMpPRQRV DKRUD GH HSLWDILRV \ FHQWUpPRQRV HQ RWUDV GH ODV FODYHV GH ORV IHVWHMRV DQWLMRVHILQRVTXHHVWDPRVFRQRFLHQGRTXHVRQORVFROJDPLHQWRV\PDQWHRVGHPXxHFRV\ SHOHOHVFDUQDYDOHVFRV©HOJUDQ3HSH%RWHOODVSXHVWRHQHOiUEROKDEDLODGRHVWDQRFKH XQ EXHQ IDQGDQJRª FDQWDED OD WXUED JDGLWDQD \ VXV IXQHUDOHV UHVSRQVRV \ TXHPDV ©VH TXHPyODILJXUDGH Botellas\ODVFHQL]DV\DOJXQRVIUDJPHQWRVFD\HURQHQODLQPXQGLFLDª UHFRUGHPRVTXHLQIRUPDEDODFUyQLFDPDGULOHxD 5LWXDOHOGHODYHMDFLyQ\GHVWUXFFLyQGHPRQLJRWHVTXHVHKDHVFHQLILFDGRHQ(VSDxD\ HQ WRGD OD JHRJUDItD WUDGLFLRQDO KLVSiQLFD HQ GRV PRPHQWRV GHO DxR WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH iOJLGRV HO GHO FDUQDYDO FRPR HMHPSOLILFD OD GHO HPEOHPiWLFR KRORFDXVWR GHO 3HURSDOR GH 9LOODQXHYDGHOD9HUDHQ&iFHUHV3HGURVD\HOGHOD3DVFXDGHUHVXUUHFFLyQ FRPR OD GHO QR PHQRV HPEOHPiWLFR -XGDV TXH VLJXH VLHQGR TXHPDGR HQ OXJDUHV GH WRGD (VSDxD3RUWXJDOH+LVSDQRDPpULFDHOViEDGRRHOGRPLQJRGHFDGD3DVFXD ([LVWHVREUHHVWDVWUDGLFLRQHVEXUOHVFDVXQDELEOLRJUDItDFRSLRVtVLPDHQFDEH]DGDSRUOD GHGRQ-XOLR&DUR%DURMDVREUH©ORVSHOHOHVª©ORVDJUDYLRVGH&DUQDYDOªHO©WULXQIRPXHUWH \ HQWLHUUR GHO &DUQDYDOª ©OD &XDUHVPD \ VX TXHPDª ©OD GHVWUXFFLyQ GHO -XGDVª &DUR %DURMD\KDVWD©ORVSHOHOHVGHPD\RªTXHWDPELpQORVKDKDELGR&DUR%DURMD < UHPLQLVFHQFLDVHQ QXHVWUD OLWHUDWXUDFRPR OD GHOD GHUURWD GH GRQ &DUQDO HQ HO Libro de buen amor\HOPDQWHRGH6DQFKRHQHOQuijote,TXHKDQVLGRPLOYHFHVHVWXGLDGRV\ QRVH[LPHQDKRUDGHGDUGHPDVLDGDVSUHFLVLRQHVDOUHVSHFWR 'DUHPRV VROR ODV MXVWDV \ VDFDGDV DGHPiV GH FUyQLFDV PX\ PDUJLQDOHV \ TXH VH OH SDVDURQ SRU DOWR D GRQ -XOLR $WHQGDPRV SRU HMHPSOR D HVWD TXH IXH SXEOLFDGD HQ El Clamor PúblicoGHOGHPDU]RGHDFHUFDGHXQULWRHOGHODTXHPDGHOD&XDUHVPD GHO TXH&DUR%DURMD GHVHQWUDxyRWURVSRUPHQRUHV\DQWLJHGDGHV\TXHHQHO0DGULGGH PHGLDGRVGHOVLJOR;,;SHUVLVWtD\DVRORFRPRUHFXHUGR 9DULHGDGHV&UyQLFDGHODFDSLWDO Partir la vieja+HDTXtHORULJHQGHHVWDIUDVHDSOLFDGDiOD&XDUHVPD$QWLJXDPHQWHH[LVWtD HQODVIDPLOLDV\VREUHWRGRHQWUHORVQLxRVODFRVWXPEUHGHKDFHUHOPDUWHVGH&DUQDYDOyHO PLpUFROHV GH &HQL]D XQD YLHMD GH WUDSR GH SDSHO \ KDVWD GH GXOFHV FRQ VLHWH SLHUQDV UHSUHVHQWDQGRODVVLHWHVHPDQDVGHODFXDUHVPDODVFXDOHVSLHUQDVVHFRUWDEDQVHJ~QFDGDXQD GHODVVHPDQDVWUDVFXUUtD\DOOOHJDUDPHGLDUDTXHOODVHGLYLGtDODILJXUDGHDOWRDEDMRHQGRV SDUWHVLJXDOHVFHOHEUiQGRVHWDQIDXVWRVXFHVRFRQDOJXQDEURPD 'HVSXpV pO ViEDGR 6DQWR y HO GRPLQJR GH 5HVXUUHFFLyQ HO IHR PXxHFR VH UHGXFtD i FHQL]DVVLHUDGHSDSHOyGHWUDSRyVHFRPtDDOHJUHPHQWHVLHUDGHPDWHULDPDVWLFDEOHEl Clamor Público (O-XGDVIXHTXHPDGRWDPELpQWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHHQ0DGULG\HQSXHEORVGHVXHQWRUQR \RPLVPRORKHYLVWRFROJDU\TXHPDUHQ1XHYR%D]WiQSHURSXHGHTXHQRKD\DPHMRUQL TXHHQWRFDQGRi'LRV\DOUH\ iQXHVWUD3DWULD\KRJDUHV WRGRVVRPRVPLOLWDUHV \IRUPDPRVXQDJUH\ )UHLUH/ySH] 6RQWtWXORVGHFDStWXORV\HStJUDIHVGHOOLEUR-XOLR&DUR%DURMD Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) 28 PiV DSDUDWRVD GHVFULSFLyQ GH FyPR VH GHVDUUROODED HO ULWXDO HQ HO VLJOR ;,; TXH HVWD EXUJDOHVDTXHIXHSXEOLFDGDHQ/DÉpocaGHOGHDEULOGH 1RV HVFULEHQ GH %XUJRV TXH HVWH DxR FRPR WRGRV VH KD FHOHEUDGR OD IXQFLyQ GHO prendimiento de Judas, IDUVDULGtFXODTXHODFLYLOL]DFLyQQRKDDOFDQ]DGRiGHVWHUUDU\QRVKDFHQ GHHOODODGHVFULSFLyQVLJXLHQWH (O6iEDGR6DQWRiODVRQFHGHODPDxDQDODVFDPSDQDVGHWRGDVODVLJOHVLDVDQXQFLDQFRQ VXV P~OWLSOHV VRQHV OD UHVXUUHFFLyQ GHO GLYLQR 5HGHQWRU &XDWUR y VHLV WDPERUHV DO PLVPR WLHPSRUHFRUUHQODVFDOOHVOODPDQGRiORVHQHPLJRVGH-XGDVSDUDVDOLUHQVXSHUVHFXFLyQ (OUXELRGLVFtSXORGH-HV~V\DKDFHDOJXQDVKRUDVTXHKDWHQLGRODSUHFDXFLyQGHVDOLUVH IXUWLYDPHQWH GH OD FLXGDG \ VH HQFXHQWUD i PHGLD OHJXD GH HOOD FRQYHUVDQGR PX\ WUDQTXLODPHQWHFRQVXHMpUFLWR (O FRQWUDULR TXH VH FRPSRQH GH XQD HVSHFLH GH cosacos, VDOH HQ VX SHUVHFXFLyQ VH HQFXHQWUDQ\VHGDODEDWDOOD-XGDV\VXVSURVpOLWRVFDHQHQSRGHUGHORV cosacos \KDFHQVX HQWUDGDWULXQIDOHQODFLXGDGFRQVXVSULVLRQHURV (OGRPLQJRGtDSULPHURGH3DVFXD-XGDVHVVDFDGRiODS~EOLFDYHUJHQ]D\D]RWDGRSRU ODVFDOOHV /DVVDOYDVGHORVTXHOHFXVWRGLDQ\ODPXFKHGXPEUHTXHOHVVLJXHGHQRWDQELHQHOM~ELOR FRQ TXH FHOHEUDQ HVWH DFWR (Q HVWD RFXSDFLyQ VH SDVD WRGR HO GtD \ HO OXQHV VHJXQGR GH 3DVFXDOHYDQWDQXQWDEODGRGRQGHVHFRORFDHOWULEXQDOTXHKDGHVHQWHQFLDUOR$OODGRGHO WDEODGRVHHOHYDWDPELpQXQS~OSLWRTXHVLUYHSDUD TXH XQ KRPEUH YHVWLGR GH GRPLQy QHJUR GLULMD i VXV R\HQWHV XQD SHURUDFLyQ OOHQD GH HVSUHVLRQHVDVTXHURVDV\VXFLDV8QDODUJDERODOOHQDGHYLQRHVODFRPSDxHUDLQVHSDUDEOHGHO orador, \ HQ ORV SDVRV PiV VROHPQHV WDOHV FRPR HQ HO GH HO Ave-María, VH OH YH HVWUDHU UHSHWLGDVYHFHVHODOHJUHOLFRU &RPLHQ]DGHVSXpVHOWULEXQDOiHMHUFHUVXVIXQFLRQHV(OILVFDODFXVDDOUHR(OGHIHQVRU DERJDSRU-XGDVFRQXQFDORUGLJQRGHPHMRUFDXVD; \HQWUHORVGRVFRQWULQFDQWHVVHFUX]DQ HVSUHVLRQHVTXHSRQHQHQULGtFXORDORVWULEXQDOHVGHMXVWLFLD3RUILQ-XGDVHVVHQWHQFLDGRDO IXHJR \ VLQ PDV DSHODFLyQ DSOLFDQ XQD PHFKD D XQ PXxHFR GH SyOYRUD TXH DUGH LQVWDQWiQHDPHQWHHQPHGLRGHODDOJD]DUDJHQHUDOLa Época /RV PRQLJRWHV GH -RVp , SDVHDGRV ]DUDQGHDGRV FROJDGRV VRPHWLGRV D UHVSRQVRV EXUOHVFRVTXHPDGRVHQHO0DGULG\HQHO&iGL]GHVHDFRJtDQSXHVDXQRVJXLRQHV ULWXDOHVPX\ WUDGLFLRQDOHV\ DFXxDGRV<FRQ PRGHORV\ SDUDOHORVPX\ SHUVLVWHQWHVHQ ODV SUiFWLFDV IHVWLYDV GHO SXHEOR GHO PDGULOHxR \ GH PXFKRV RWURV VHJ~Q HVWDPRV FRPSUREDQGR (QUHDOLGDGODVUDtFHVGHOULWXDOGHTXHPDUODHILJLHRPXxHFRGHXQSHUVRQDMHRGLDGR SRU OD FRPXQLGDG VH KDOOD PX\ DUUDLJDGD HQ LQQXPHUDEOHV OXJDUHV \ FXOWXUDV \ VH HQWUHPH]FOyGHVGHVXVRUtJHQHVFRQYLHMRVULWRVGHIHFXQGLGDG\SURSLFLDFLyQDJUDULDV'H KHFKRODTXHPD\HVSDUFLPLHQWRSRUODWLHUUDGHODVFHQL]DVGHPRQLJRWHVHQODVIHFKDVGH ILQDOL]DFLyQ GHO LQYLHUQR TXH PDUFDQ HO FDUQDYDO \ OD 3DVFXD VRQ FRVWXPEUHV FODUDPHQWH LPSUHJQDGDV GH HVD GLPHQVLyQ /RV JULHJRV WHQtDQ OD FRVWXPEUH GH DKRUFDU FROXPSLDU TXHPDU PRQLJRWHV HQ HO PDUFR GH FXOWRV DJUDULRV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ ODV GLRVDV )HGUD $UWHPLVD+HOHQD(UtJRQH\&DULOD5HFRUGHPRVPX\DYXHODSOXPDORTXHDSURSyVLWRGH OD~OWLPDUHVXPLy3LHUUH*ULPDO &DULODVHSUHVHQWyDODSXHUWDGHODPRUDGDGHOUH\DSHGLUODOLPRVQDGHXQSRFRGHWULJR SHURHOUH\HQYH]GHGDUOHORTXHSHGtDODUHFKD]yEUXWDOPHQWHGHXQSXQWDSLpHQHOURVWUR &DULODGHVHVSHUDGDVHDKRUFy\HQWRQFHVODVHTXtDVHLQWHQVLILFy 8QDPXxHFDDODTXHVHKDEtDGDGRHOQRPEUHGH&DULOD\FX\RFXHOORVHKDEtDURGHDGRFRQ XQ OD]R GH MXQFR HUD HQWHUUDGD SURFHVLRQDOPHQWH HQ XQD WXPED HVFDYDGD HQ OD PRQWDxD *ULPDO De los funerales grotescos de PEPE BOTELLAS ... José Manuel Pedrosa 29 )UD]HU TXLHQ HVFULELy PXFKDV SiJLQDV DFHUFD GH ODV EXUODV DKRUFDPLHQWRV \ HQWLHUURV IHVWLYRV GH PRQLJRWHV UHFRUGDED SUiFWLFDV PL[WDV GH VLJQLILFDGR PLWDG DJUDULR \ PLWDG SROtWLFRFRPRDTXHOODWUDGLFLRQDOHQODFDWyOLFD$XVWULD HQODSDUWHEDMDGHOYDOOHGH,QQ>GRQGH@OOHYDQHQXQFDUURXQDHILJLH]DUUDSDVWURVDSRUWRGRHO SXHEORHOGtDGHOVROVWLFLR\GHVSXpVODTXHPDQ/HOODPDQHO/RWWHUSDODEUDTXHHVXQDFRUUXSFLyQ GH/XWHUR)UD]HU 3HUR QR SRFDV YHFHV HO FRPSRQHQWH YLROHQWR YHMDWRULR EXUOHVFR VH LPSXVR VREUH OD PLWRORJtD DJUDULD VXE\DFHQWH \ HO PRQLJRWH WRUWXUDGR TXHGy LGHQWLILFDGR DO PDUJHQ PiV R PHQRV GHO FDOHQGDULR FDPSHVLQR FRQ FXDOTXLHU HQHPLJR TXH OD RSLQLyQ S~EOLFD RGLDVH IHUYLHQWHPHQWH 1XHVWUR-XDQ5DPyQ-LPpQH]HQPlatero y yoKDFtDXQDHYRFDFLyQGHORV-XGDVTXHHUDQ TXHPDGRV HQ 0RJXHU PX\ VLJQLILFDWLYD SDUD QRVRWURV SRU FXDQWR OHV SRQtD SULPHUR ©FDUHWDVGHPLQLVWURVª\ORVLGHQWLILFDEDGHVSXpVFRQ©HOGLSXWDGRRODPDHVWUDRHOIRUHQVHR HOUHFDXGDGRURHODOFDOGHRODFRPDGURQDª&RQFXDOTXLHUDFRQWUDHOTXHHOSXHEORTXLVLHVH HMHUFHUFRQIXULDFDWiUWLFDVXYLROHQFLDULWXDO Judas. £1R WH DVXVWHV KRPEUH¢4Xp WH SDVD" 9DPRV TXLWHFLWR (V TXH HVWiQ PDWDQGR D -XGDV WRQWR 6tHVWiQPDWDQGRD-XGDV7HQtDQSXHVWRXQRHQHO0RQWXUULRRWURHQODFDOOHGH(QPHGLR RWURDKtHQHO3R]RGHO&RQFHMR<RORVYLDQRFKHILMRVFRPRSRUXQDIXHU]DVREUHQDWXUDOHQHO DLUH LQYLVLEOH HQ OD RVFXULGDG OD FXHUGD TXH GH GREODGR D EDOFyQ ORV VRVWHQtD £4Xp JURWHVFDV PHVFRODQ]DV GH YLHMRV VRPEUHURV GH FRSD \ PDQJDV GH PXMHU GH FDUHWDV GH PLQLVWURV \ PLULxDTXHVEDMR ODV HVWUHOODV VHUHQDV /RVSHUURV OHV ODGUDEDQVLQ LUVHGHOWRGR \ ORVFDEDOORV UHFHORVRVQRTXHUtDQSDVDUEDMRHOORV $KRUDODVFDPSDQDVGLFHQ3ODWHURTXHHOYHORGHODOWDUPD\RUVHKDURWR1RFUHRTXHKD\D TXHGDGRHVFRSHWDHQHOSXHEORVLQGLVSDUDUD-XGDV+DVWDDTXtOOHJDHORORUGHODSyOYRUD£2WUR WLUR£2WUR 6yORTXH-XGDVKR\3ODWHURHVHOGLSXWDGRRODPDHVWUDRHOIRUHQVHRHOUHFDXGDGRURHO DOFDOGHRODFRPDGURQD\FDGDKRPEUHGHVFDUJDVXHVFRSHWDFREDUGHKHFKRQLxRHVWDPDxDQD GHO 6iEDGR 6DQWR FRQWUD HO TXH WLHQH VX RGLR HQ XQD VXSHUSRVLFLyQ GH YDJRV \ DEVXUGRV VLPXODFURVSULPDYHUDOHV-XDQ5DPyQ-LPpQH] 7HQtD UD]yQ -XDQ 5DPyQ FXDQGR KDEODED GH PRQLJRWHV YHMDGRV FRQ ©FDUHWDV GH PLQLVWURVª 8QD ODUJD QyPLQD GH PLQLVWURV LPSRSXODUHV KDEUiQ VLGR YHMDGRV HQ HILJLH GH PRGRDYHFHVPiVTXHRULJLQDOHQQXHVWURSDtV\HQWRGRVEl NacionalGHOGHGLFLHPEUH GHSXEOLFDEDHVWHHVFDUQLRTXHVHOOHYyDFDERHQ5LEDGHR/XJR 9DULRV GH ORV MXQWHURV GH HVWH SXHEOR VRQ ORV TXH SDUD FHOHEUDU OD FDtGD GHO PLQLVWHULR &DVWUR $UUD]ROD HQ MXOLR D FRQVHFXHQFLD GHO PRWtQ GH %DUFHORQD HFKDURQ D YRODU D ORV UHIHULGRV PLQLVWURV HQ HVWDWXD y UHWUDWR DWDGRV D XQ JORER DO FXDO HVWXYLHURQ DVHVWDQGR FRKHWHV \ ERPEDV KDVWD TXH ORV SHUGLHURQ GH YLVWD TXH HV XQ PRGR QXHYR \ RULJLQDO GH SRQHUPD]DV9DPRVQRSDUHFHVLQRTXHHVWRVSDWULRWDVVRQGLULJLGRVpLQVSLUDGRVSRUDOJ~Q FORZQMRQJOHXUTXHHQODSDUWHGHJUDFLRVRSRGUtDGDUDOJXQDVUD\DVD0$XULROEl Nacional, 1REOHV SROtWLFRV PLOLWDUHV FOpULJRV YHMDGRV HQ HILJLH KD GHELGR KDEHU D PLOODUHV GH WRGRVORVWDPDxRV\FRORUHVSRUTXHQXQFDVHKDFDQVDGRHOSXHEORGHHMHUFHUWDOFHQVXUD ULWXDO FRQWUD TXLHQHV FUHH PDOYDGRV R LQGLJQRV (Q &XED \ HQ ORV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV IXH Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) 30 WUDGLFLyQ TXHPDU PRQLJRWHV TXH UHSUHVHQWDEDQ D SROtWLFRV \ PLOLWDUHV HVSDxROHV La EsperanzaGHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGHLQIRUPDEDGHORTXHVLJXH Nueva-Orleans 23 GHDJRVWR/DLUULWDFLyQVREUHORVVXFHVRVGH&XEDHVPX\JUDQGH\QR SDUHFH TXH VH DFDEDUi WDQ SURQWR 7RGDV ODV FDOOHV SULQFLSDOHV HVWiQ OOHQDV GH JUXSRV WXPXOWXRVRV\ODSURSLHGDGGHORVHVSDxROHVQRKDVLGRUHVSHWDGD(QWRGDVSDUWHVKDVLGR GHVWUXLGD $\HU IXp TXHPDGR HQ HILJLH HO FyQVXO HVSDxRO \ KXER JUDQ WXPXOWR TXH ODV DXWRULGDGHVQRSXGLHURQUHSULPLULa Esperanza 0HGLRVLJORGHVSXpVODHILJLHGHOJHQHUDOHVSDxRO9DOHULDQR:H\OHUHUDWUDWDGDGHLJXDO PRGRSRUORVQRUWHDPHULFDQRVGH7DPSDVHJ~QGHQXQFLDEDLa ÉpocaGHOGHPDU]RGH 8Q WHOHJUDPD TXH SXEOLFD HO Heraldo GLFH TXH YDULRV FXEDQRV ILOLEXVWHURV \ DOJXQRV QRUWHDPHULFDQRV VH UHXQLHURQ DQWHDQRFKH HQ (OOLQJHU 7DPSD \ TXHPDURQ XQ PXxHFR TXH UHSUHVHQWDEDDOJHQHUDO:H\OHU 'HVSXpVDUUDVWUDURQORTXHTXHGDEDGHOPXxHFRSRUODVFDOOHVHQXQLyQGHXQDEDQGHUD HVSDxRODTXHWDPELpQIXpTXHPDGDDQWHQXPHURVtVLPRS~EOLFRHQWUHORVJULWRVDWURQDGRUHV \YRFHVGH´£0XHUD(VSDxD£9LYD&XEDOLEUHµpLQVXOWRVJURVHURViORVHVSDxROHV /DV DXWRULGDGHV GH 7DPSD SDUD TXLHQHV ODV yUGHQHV GH VX *RELHUQR GHEHQ VHU OHWUD PXHUWDSHUPDQHFLHURQLQGLIHUHQWHVGHPRVWUDQGRGHHVWPRGRTXHORVHQHPLJRVGH(VSDxD SXHGHQFRQWDUFRQVXVVLPSDWtDV\KDFHULPSXQHPHQWHFXDQWRVOHVDQWRMHLa Época 1RVHOLEUDURQORVFOpULJRVFRPRUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGHODDXWRULGDGTXHHUDQGHHVWHWLSR GHYHMDFLRQHVEl Heraldo de MadridGHOGHPDU]RGHSXEOLFDEDHVWDQRWLFLDDFHUFDGH FLHUWDV EXUODV DQWLMHVXtWLFDV TXH WXYLHURQ OXJDU HQ OD FLXGDG SRUWXJXHVD GH 7KRPDU HQ HO GLVWULWRGH6DQWDUpP $JLWDFLyQDQWLFOHULFDO 3RUWHOpJUDIR 'HODDJHQFLD)DEUD6DODPDQFD $ODQRFKHFHUGHORFXUUtDHQ7KRPDUSREODFLyQGHOYHFLQRUHLQRXQVXFHVRTXHSXGR WHQHUIDWDOHVFRQVHFXHQFLDV 9DULRVGHSHQGLHQWHVGHORVFRPHUFLRVOOHYDURQDODSOD]DXQPXxHFRYHVWLGRGHMHVXtWD\ HQFHQGLHURQXQDKRJXHUDSDUDSUHQGHUOHIXHJR 8Q PXFKDFKR VH DSRGHUy GHO PXxHFR \ KX\y FRQ pO \ FRPR ORV DJHQWHV GH OD 3ROLFtD OOHJDVHQ\VDFDVHQVXVUHYyOYHUHVDPHQD]DQGRDOSXHEORVHSURGXMRXQDJUDQPDQLIHVWDFLyQ iORVJULWRVGH£)XHUDOD3ROLFtD£0XHUDQORV-HVXtWDV\£9LYDOD5HS~EOLFDVRFLDO ,QWHUYLQR OD FDEDOOHUtD TXH GLR XQD FDUJD \ UHSDUWLy PXFKRV VDEOD]RV PLHQWUDV ORV PDQLIHVWDQWHVVHGHIHQGtDQDSHGUDGDV +XERQXPHURVRVSULVLRQHURVHeraldo de Madrid 7RGDYtDHQOD SRVJXHUUDHVSDxRODIXHWUDGLFLRQDOODTXHPDGHODHILJLHGHOGHUURWDGR \ H[SXOVDGR0DQXHO$]DxDVHJ~QUHYHODHVWHLQIRUPHGHOSXHEORGH6DQWD0DUtDGHO5tRHQ 3RQWHYHGUD De los funerales grotescos de PEPE BOTELLAS ... José Manuel Pedrosa 31 eUDPRVSHTXHxRV<HQWRQFHVQRVGHFtDQHODOFDOGHSRUTXHWRGRVHUDQGH)UDQFR\GHFtDQ £1LxRVYDPRVDTXHPDUDHVWHVHxRUD$]DxDYDPRVDTXHPDUOR <HQWRQFHVQRVOOHYDURQIXHUDGHOSXHEORDXQPRQWH\WRGRVORVQLxRVGHFtDQ ¢$TXLpQTXHPDUiQ" <HQWRQFHVDOOtWRMRVPRQWRQHVGHWRMRVDOOtMXQWDEDQWRMRV\TXHPDEDQ<\ROOHJXpDFDVD GLFLHQGR\PLSDGUHFDVLPHGLRXQDSDOL]D'LFH ¢'yQGHKDVLGR" <\RGLJR +HPRVLGRWRGRVORVQLxRVQLxDV\QLxRVFRQHODOFDOGHDTXHPDUD$]DxD 3HUR\RQRYLQLQJ~QVHxRU6RORHUDQWRMRV3HGURVD 3XHGH TXH UHWURFHGHU KDVWD HO VLJOR ;9 VLJQLILTXH GDU XQ VDOWR H[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWH DUULHVJDGRHQHOWLHPSRSHURHOFDVRHVTXHHQWXYROXJDUHQODFLXGDGGHÉYLODXQULWXDO TXH QR SXHGH GHMDU GH VHU UHFRUGDGR DTXt SRUTXH VX VLJQLILFDGR SROtWLFR VX GHVDUUROOR FHUHPRQLDO \ VX GHQVLGDG VLPEyOLFD VH KDOODQ SHUIHFWDPHQWH D OD DOWXUD GH ORV TXH WXYLHURQ OXJDUHQ0DGULG\HQ&iGL]HQ (ODFRQWHFLPLHQWRKDSDVDGRDODKLVWRULDFRPR´OD)DUVDGHÉYLODµ\VXGHVFULSFLyQHQOD Crónica de Enrique IVFRPSXHVWDSRU'LHJR(QUtTXH]GHO&DVWLOORHVXQDGHODVPiVRULJLQDOHV\ SRUWHQWRVDV TXH HQ OR TXH VH UHILHUH DO PHQRVD SUiFWLFDV EXUOHVFDV\FDUQDYDOHVFDVQRVKD OHJDGR OD (GDG 0HGLD 1R VH OLPLWD DGHPiV D OD GHSRVLFLyQ LQMXULRVD GHO UH\ VLQR TXH VH H[WLHQGH WDPELpQ D OD YHQJDQ]D TXH ORV SDUWLGDULRV GH (QULTXH HMHUFLHURQ SRFR GHVSXpV HQ 6LPDQFDV FRQWUD OD HILJLH GH VX HQHPLJR SULQFLSDO FRQ OR TXH WRGD OD VHFXHQFLD DGTXLHUH GLPHQVLRQHVGHHQRUPHFRPSOHMLGDG (OUH\(QULTXH,9GH&DVWLOODIXHHQHIHFWRYHMDGR\GHSXHVWRHQHILJLHSRUXQRVFXDQWRV GH VXV QREOHV TXH SURFODPDURQ UH\ D VX KHUPDQR GRQ $OIRQVR TXLHQ WHQtDHQWRQFHV RQFH DxRVGHHGDGHQÉYLODHOGHMXQLRGH/DVEXUODVFRQWUDODHILJLHGHODXVHQWHUH\TXHVH PDQWHQGUtDHQFXDOTXLHUFDVRHQHOWURQRKDVWDVXPXHUWHHQVHDVHPHMDQPXFKRDODV LQMXULDVTXHVHKLFLHURQHQHO0DGULG\HQHO&iGL]GHFRQWUDHOSUyIXJR-RVp, 6REUHWRGRDODVGH&iGL]SXHVHQDTXHOODFLXGDGHORGLDGRUH\IUDQFpVIXHDSDUDWRVDPHQWH UHSUHVHQWDGR FRPR ´XQ PDQLTXt FRQ XQLIRUPH SODFDV \ EHUHQMHQDV DO SHFKRµ FRQ ´XQD ERWHOOD TXH VH HPSHxDURQ HQ OODPDU FHWUR GHO UH\ GH ORV UHQHJDGRVµ ´D SHVDU GHO YLYR IXHJRDTXHHOWDOPDQLTXtHVWXYRH[SXHVWRMDPiVVROWyGHODPDQRVXERWHOOLFHWURµ\´FRQ JULOORV\FDGHQDVµ(QÉYLODHOPRQLJRWHTXHHQFDUQDEDD(QULTXH,9IXHWDPELpQEXUOHV FDPHQWHUHSUHVHQWDGRFRQVXFRURQDHVWRTXH\EDVWyQTXHIXHURQGHUURFDGRVXQRDXQR DQWHV GH TXH HO PXxHFR FRPSOHWR IXHVH LQMXULRVDPHQWH GHUULEDGR VREUH VX FDGDOVR /RV DJHQWHVGHODEXUODDEXOHQVHIXHURQ GRQ$ORQVR&DUULOORDU]RELVSRGH7ROHGRGRQ<xLJR0DQUULTXHRELVSRGH&RULDGRQ-XDQ 3DFKHFR PDUTXpV GH 9LOOHQD GRQ $OYDUR d~xLJD FRQGH GH 3ODVHQoLD GRQ *yPH] GH &DoHUHV PDHVWUH GH $OFiQWDUD GRQ 5RGULJR 3\PHQWHO FRQGH GH 9HQDYHQWH GRQ 3HGUR 3XHUWRFDUUHUR FRQGH GH 0HGHOOtQ GRQ 5RGULJR 0DQUULTXH FRQGH GH 3DUHGHV H 'LHJR /ySH]GHd~xLJDKHUPDQRGHOFRQGHGH3ODVHQoLDFRQRWURVFDYDOOHURVGHPHQRVHVWDGRV ORV TXDOHV PDQGDURQ KD]HU YQ FDGDKDOVR SXVLHURQ YQ HVWDWXD DVHQWDGD HQ YQD VLOOD TXH GH]tDQUUHSUHVHQWDUODSHUVRQDGHOUUH\ODTXDOHVWDYDFXELHUWDGHOXWRWHQtDYQDFRURQDHQOD FDEHoD YQ HVWRTXH GHODQWH GH Vt FRQ YQ EDVWyQ HQ OD PDQR ( DVt SXHVWR HQ HO FDQSR VDOLHURQWRGRVDTXHVWRVQRQEUDGRVGHODoLEGDGDFRQSDxDQGRDOSUtQFLSHGRQ$ORQVRKDVWD HO FDGDKDOVR GRQGH OOHJDGRV HO PDUTXpV GH 9LOOHQD HO PDHVWUH GH $OFiQWDUD HO FRQGH GH 0HGHOOtQHFRQHOORVHOFRPHQGDGRUGH6DDYHGUDH$OYDU*yPH]WRPDURQDOSUtQFLSHHVH DSDUWDURQFRQpOYQJUDQWUHFKRGHOFDGDKDOVR(QWRQoHVORVRWURVVHxRUHVTXHDOOtTXHGDURQ ,QIRUPDFLyQUHJLVWUDGDSRUPtHQDEULOGHHQ$OFDOiGH+HQDUHV0DGULGDODVHxRUD6QDWXUDOGH 6DQWD0DUtDGHO5tR Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) 32 VXELGRVHQHOFDGDKDOVRVHSXVLHURQDOGHUUHGRUGHODHVWDWXDGRQGHHQDOWDVER]HVPDQGDURQ OHHU YQD FDUWD PiV OOHQD GH YDQLGDG TXH GH FRVDV VXVWDQFLDOHV HQ TXH VHxDODGDPHQWH DFXVDYDQ DO UUH\ GH TXDWURFRVDV H TXH VRQ OD SULPHUD PHUHVotD SHUGHU OD GLQLGDG UUHDO H HQWRQoHVOOHJyGRQ$ORQVR&DUULOORDU]RELVSRGH7ROHGRHOHTXLWyODFRURQDGHODFDEHoD /D VHJXQGD TXH PHUHVotD SHUGHU OD PLQLVWUDoLyQ GH OD MXVWLJLD H DVt OOHJy GRQ $OYDUR GH d~xLJD H OH TXLWy HO HVWRTXH TXH WHQtD GHODQWH /D WHUoHUD TXH PHUHVotD SHUGHU OD JRYHUQDoLyQGHOUUH\QRHDVtOOHJyGRQ5RGULJR3LPHQWHOFRQGHGH9HQDYHQWHHOHTXLWyHO EDVWyQTXHWHQtDHQODPDQR3RUODTXDUWDTXHPHUHVotDSHUGHUHOWURQRHDVHQWDPLHQWRGH UUH\HDVtOOHJy'LHJR/ySH]GH4~xLJDHGHUULEyODHVWDWXDGHODV\OODHQTXHHVWDYDGL]LHQGR SDODEUDVIXULRVDVGHVRQHVWDV £2VXEGLWRVYDVDOORVQRWHQLHQGRSRGHUtR¢FyPRGHVFRQSRQp\VDO YQJLGRGH'LRV"£2V~GLWRVVXIUiJDQRVQRWHQLHQGROLEHUWDG¢FyPRSRGHV GHVKD]HUDOTXH'LRVHODQDWXUDTXLVRTXHIXHVHUUH\" >«@ /XHJR TXHO DYWR GHO HVWDWXUD >VLF@ IXH DFDEDGR DTXHOORV EXHQRV FULDGRV GHO UUH\ DJUDGHVFLHQGR ODV PHUFHGHV TXH GH pO UUHJLELHURQ OOHYDURQ DO SUtQFLSH GRQ $ORQVR KDVWD HQoLPD GHO FDGDKDOVR GRQGH HOORV H ORV RWURV SHUODGRV \ FDYDOOHURV DOoiQGROR VREUH VXV EUDoRVFRQER]HVPX\DOWDVGL[HURQ¡Castilla por el rrey don Alonso! (DVtGLFKRDTXHVWRODV WURQSHWDVHDQDILOHVVRQDURQFRQJUDQGHVWUXHQGRHQWRQoHVWRGRVORVJUDQGHVTXHDOOtHVWDYDQ H WRGD OD RWUD JHQWH OOHJDURQ D EHVDOOH ODV PDQRV FRQ JUDQ VROHQQLGDG VHxDODGDPHQWH HO PDUTXpVGH9LOOHQDHORVRWURVFULDGRVGHOUUH\TXHVHJXtDQVXSDVDGDV>VLF@(QUtTXH]GHO &DVWLOOR /D Crónica de Enrique IV GH (QUtTXH] GHO &DVWLOOR QRV WLHQH UHVHUYDGR WRGDYtD RWUR HSLVRGLRGHYDORU\VLJQLILFDGRGHVFRPXQDOHVSRUFXDQWRUHIOHMDODVEXUODVFRQTXHPDILQDO LQFOXLGD TXH FRQWUD OD HILJLH GH GRQ $ORQVR &DUULOOR FDEHFLOOD GH ORV QREOHV OHYDQWLVFRV HPSUHQGLHURQ SRFR GHVSXpV GH OD )DUVD GH ÉYLOD HQ OD 6LPDQFDV FHUFDGD SRU ORV QREOHV UHEHOGHVORVSDUWLGDULRVGH(QULTXH,9 (GHDTXtFUHFLyWDQWRHOHVIXHU]R\RVDGtDHQORVGHGHQWURTXHORVPRoRVGHHVSXHODV TXH DOOt HVWDYDQ WXYLHURQ DWUHYLPLHQWR GH VH MXQWDU YQD JUDQ FRSLD GH HOORV H MXQWRV DFRUGDURQHQWUHVtGHKD]HUYQDHVWDWXDTXHUHSUHVHQWDYDODSHUVRQDGHGRQ$ORQVR&DUULOOR D]oRELVSR GH 7ROHGR D OD TXDO OODPDURQ GRQ 2SDV KHUPDQR GHO FRQGH GRQ -XOLiQ TXH PHWLHURQORVPRURVHQ&DVWLOODFRQWUDHOUUH\GRQ5RGULJRGRQGHIXHSHUGLGD(VSDxDHDVt KHFKDODHVWDWXDHSXHVWDHQSULVLyQYQRGHHOORVVHDVLHQWDFRPRMXH]HPDQGyGHWUDHUOD HVWDWXDGHODQWHGHpOSURQXQoLDQGRVHVHQWHQFLDGL[R Que por quanto el arzobispo de Toledo, syguiendo las pisadas del obispo don Opas, el traydor, destruidor de las Españas, avía seydo traydor a su rrey y su señor natural, rreuelándose contra él en los lugares, fortalezas e dineros que le avían dado para que lo siruiese; por ende, que vistos los méritos del profeso por el qual se manifestauan sus feos ynsultos e delitos, mandava que fuese quemado, lleuado por las calles e lugares públicos de Simancas, a hoz de pregonero, diziendo: esta es la justicia que mandan hazer de aqueste cruel don Opas, por quanto rresçibidos lugares e fortalezas e dineros para servir a su rrey, se rreveló contra él, mando lo quemar en pena de su maleficio, quien tal hizo, que tal haya. 'DGDODVHQWHQFLDYQPRoRGHHVSXHODWRPyODHVWDWXDHQODVPDQRVHDVtSUHJRQDQGROD VDFDURQIXHUDGHODYLOODDYLVWDGHOUUHDOFRQDTXHVWDHVWDWXDLYDQPiVGHWUHVFLHQWRVPRoRV GHHVSXHODVDFRQSDxiQGRODDODVER]HVGHDTXHVWHSUHJyQVHSDUDURQORVFDYDOOHURVHJHQWHV GHOUUHDODPLUDUHGHVTXHORVPRoRVGHHVSXHODVOOHJDURQFDV\HQPHGLRGHOUUHDOGHODYLOOD KL]LHURQYQDJUDQKRJXHUDGRQGHTXHPDURQODHVWDWXDHTXHPDGDFRPHQJDURQDGH]LUHQ ER]DOWDYQFDQWDUTXHGH]tD (VWDHV6LPDQFDV GRQ2SDVWUD\GRU (VWDHV6LPDQFDV TXHQR3HxDIORU De los funerales grotescos de PEPE BOTELLAS ... José Manuel Pedrosa 33 FRQ RWUDV FRSODV PX\ IHDV TXH FRQWUD pO VH GH]tDQ $TXHVWH FDQWDU GXUy JUDQ WLHPSR HQ &DVWLOOD TXH VH FDQWDYD D ODV SXHUWDV GHO UUH\ H GH ORV RWURV FDYDOOHURV ( TXDQGR ORV FDYDOOHURVGHOoHUFRYLHURQTXHHVWDUVREUH6\PDQFDVQRDSURYHFKDYDQLVHSRGtDWRPDUSRU FRQEDWHPXFKRPHQRVSRUKDQEUHHTXH\DHOUUH\VHDoHUFDYDFRQJUDQSRGHUFRQWUDHOORV DFRUGDURQGHOHYDQWDUVXUUHDOHOHYDQWDGRVHWRUQDURQD9DOODGROLG(QUtTXH]GHO&DVWLOOR 'RFXPHQWRV GH FDOLGDG HWQRJUiILFD \ GH WUDVFHQGHQFLD FXOWXUDO LPSUHVLRQDQWHV HVWRV FDVWHOODQRVGHOVLJOR;9HTXLSDUDEOHVHQWDQWRVDVSHFWRVDORVUHODWLYRVDODGHSRVLFLyQGH-RVp ,HQ\TXHPXHVWUDQFRQWLQXLGDGHVDVRPEURVDVHQODVSUiFWLFDVGHLQMXULDV\EXUODVDODV HILJLHVGHUH\HVRGHQREOHVDERUUHFLGRVSRUHOSXHEOR (QDOJXQDRFDVLyQIXWXUDYROYHUHPRVVREUHHVWRVULWXDOHVTXHGHVQXGDQQXHVWUDKLVWRULDGH IRUPDOLGDGHV LQVWLWXFLRQDOHV \ QRV PXHVWUDQ XQD intrahistoria R XQD antihistoria PiV YLYD PiV LQVyOLWDTXL]iVPiVUHDO\PHQRVLPSRVWDGD4XHGHSRUHOPRPHQWRHVWHDUFRWHQVDGRHQWUH OD GHSRVLFLyQ EXUOHVFD GH(QULTXH ,9 HQ \ ODGH -RVp ,HQ FRQ WRGDV ODV WHVHODV FRVWXPEULVWDVTXHKHPRVLGRDxDGLHQGRDOIDVFLQDQWHPRVDLFRTXHGLEXMDQFRPRJDUDQWtDGH TXHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHWQRJUiILFDSXHGH\GHEHFRQWULEXLUGHPDQHUDGHFLVLYDFRQVXVWpFQLFDV SDUD FDODU HQ HO LPDJLQDULR \ HQ ODV SUiFWLFDV FXOWXUDOHV GHO SXHEOR DO GLVFXUVR JOREDO GH OD KLVWRULD 34 Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) BIBLIOGRAFÍA &$52 %$52-$-XOLRLa estación del amor: fiestas populares de mayo a San Juan0DGULG7DXUXV UHHG ….. El carnaval: análisis histórico-cultural%DUFHORQD&tUFXORGH/HFWRUHV (15Ì48(= '(/ &$67,//2 'LHJR Crónica de Enrique IV HG $XUHOLR 6iQFKH] 0DUWtQ 9DOODGROLG8QLYHUVLGDG )5$=(5 -DPHV *HRUJH La rama dorada: magia y religión >HGLFLyQ UHGXFLGD@ HG ( \ 7 , &DPSX]DQRUHHG0p[LFR)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFD )5(,5( /Ð3(= $QD 0DUtD Poesía popular durante la Guerra de la Independencia española 9DOHQFLD*UDQW&XWOHUQ~PEntre la Ilustración y el Romanticismo: la huella de la guerra de la Independencia,$OLFDQWH8QLYHUVLGDG *5,0$/ 3LHUUH Diccionario de mitología griega y romana %DUFHORQD 3DLGyV UHHG VY &DULOD -,0e1(=-XDQ5DPyQPlatero y yoHG033UHGPRUH0DGULG&iWHGUDUHHG 0(621(52 520$1265DPyQGHMemorias de un setentónHGV-RVp(VFREDU\-RDTXtQ ÉOYDUH]%DUULHQWRV0DGULG&DVWDOLD&RPXQLGDGGH0DGULG 0217(55262$XJXVWRLo demás es silencio,0p[LFR(UD 3('526$-RVp0DQXHO©5H\)HUQDQGRUH\GRQ6DQFKR3HUR3DQGR3DGUH3DQGR3HUR 3DOR)UD\3UtDSR)UD\3HGURPHWDPRUIRVLVGHXQFDQWRGHGLVSDUDWHVVLJORV;,,,;;ª Bulletin HispaniqueSS KWWSZZZSHUVHHIUZHEUHYXHVKRPHSUHVFULSWDUWLFOHKLVSDB BBQXPBBB 52'5Ì*8(= &$&+2 /LQD ©/RV HSLWDILRV FXULRVRV HQ ODV PLVFHOiQHDVª HGV ,JQDFLR $UHOODQR\RWURV Studia aurea. (Q Actas del III Congreso de la AISO, Tolouse, 1993,,, Prosa, 3DPSORQD*5,62/(0620$$((SS 62/Ì65DPyQ\0$5$fÐ1*UHJRULREl Cádiz de las Cortes: la vida en la ciudad en los años de 1810 a 18130DGULG6tOH[