TALLER UNIX

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Linux 2.0.27 (leon.felinos.ve) (ttyp0)
leon login: angel
/XHJR LQWURGX]FD VX SDODEUD FODYH HVWD QR VH PXHVWUD SRU SDQWDOOD SRU UD]RQHV GH
VHJXULGDG
Password:
6L HO LQWHQWR HV H[LWRVR HO VLVWHPD OH SHUPLWLUi HQWUDU
Last login: Fri Sep 26 22:37:46 from tigre.felinos.ve
Linux 2.0.27.
angel has logged on ttyp0 from pantera.
leon:~>
< SDUD VDOLU HVFULED OD SDODEUD H[LW R ORJRXW
leon:~>exit
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tigre:~> passwd
/D PDTXLQD OH SUHJXQWDUi HO SDVVZRUG YLHMR
Changing password for angel
Enter old password:
8QD YH] LQWURGXFLGR FRUUHFWDPHQWH HO VLVWHPD OH SUHJXQWDUi HO SDVVZRUG QXHYR
Enter new password:
6H OH SHGLUi RWUD YH] HO SDVVZRUG SDUD YHULILFDU TXH OR KD\D HVFULWR ELHQ
Re-type new password:
8QD YH] LQWURGXFLGD OD SDODEUD FODYH HO VLVWHPD OH DYLVDUi TXH HO SDVVZRUG IXH FDPELDGR FRQ p[LWR
Password changed.
tigre:~>
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man [comando]
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tigre:~> man passwd
< YHUi XQD VDOLGD FRPR OD VLJXLHQWH
PASSWD(1)
PASSWD(1)
Linux Programmer's Manual
NAME
passwd - change password
SYNOPSIS
passwd [ name [ password ] ]
DESCRIPTION
Without arguments passwd will change the password for the
current user. First the user is asked for the old password, then prompted twice for the new password in order
to
catch typing errors. The new password must be at least
six
characters long, and have both upper and lower case
letters or non-letters. The new password must not be equal
to
the old password, and it must not match the username.
The
one
and
two
argument forms may only be used by
the
superuser. Using the one argument form, the superuser
may
change
the
password for that user.
The superuser is
not
asked for the users old password, and the rules for
proper
legitimate reasons to choose a non-conformant password.
The two argument form gives the user the password stated
as the second argument. This may be useful when
giving
many users an initial generated password.
Giving an empty string as the second argument erases
password for the user.
FILES
/etc/passwd
/etc/shells
SEE ALSO
chsh(1), chfn(1)
BUGS
A password consisting of all digits is allowed.
No warnings are printed if the superuser chooses a
poor
password.
The -f and -s options are not supported.
Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk)
Linux 1.2
1
22 June 1994
the
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tigre:~> man 2 mount PDQXDO GH SURJUDPDGRUHV SDUD PRXQW
tigre:~> man 8 mount VH PXHVWUD HO XVR GH OD KHUUDPLHQWD PRXQW
$ YHFHV XVWHG VDEH TXH TXLHUH KDFHU SHUR QR VDEH FRQ TXp FRPDQGR KDFHUOR 6XSRQJD SRU HMHPSOR
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tigre:~> man -k rename
mren (1)
- rename an existing MSDOS file
mv (1)
- rename files
rename (2)
- change the name or location of a file
rename (3tcl)
- Rename or delete a command
XSetWMName, XGetWMName, XStoreName, XFetchName (3x) - set or
read a window's WM_NAME property
tigre:~>
&RQ
man -k [comando] SXHGH KDFHU XQD EXHQD E~VTXHGD FRPR SXHGH YHU VH UHWRUQDQ
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tigre:~>
root
josev
jose
foto
ZKR
OH SHUPLWH YHU TXLHQ HVWi HQ HO VLVWHPD GH PDQHUD VHQFLOOD
who
tty1
ttyp0
ttyp1
ttyp2
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
27
27
27
27
11:00
10:38 (pantera.felinos.ve)
10:59 (pantera.felinos.ve)
10:59 (pantera.felinos.ve)
tigre:~>
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tigre:~> ls /
System.map
cdrom/
dev/
lost+found/
mnt/
root/
boot/
home/
tigre:~>
lib/
quota.user
var/
proc/
quota.group
usr/ bin/
tmp/
sbin/
vmlinuz
etc/
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9HPRV HQ TXH GLUHFWRULR HVWDPRV SDUDGRV DFWXDOPHQWH
tigre:~> pwd
/home/angel
tigre:~>
9HPRV TXH HVWDPRV HQ QXHVWUR GLUHFWRULR KRJDU KRPHDQJHO $KRUD YDPRV D HWF XWLOL]DQGR
XQD UXWD DEVROXWD
tigre:~> cd /etc
tigre:/etc>
< ILQDOPHQWH SHGLPRV XQ OLVWDGR GH ORV DUFKLYRV TXH HVWiQ DOOt FRQ OV 6H PXHVWUD VyOR XQ OLVWDGR SDUFLDO
tigre:/etc> ls
DIR_COLORS
sendmail.st
HOSTNAME
services
NETWORKING
NNTP_INEWS_DOMAIN
X11@
slip.hosts
XF86Config
slip.login
ftpconversions
makedev.cfg
ftpgroups
motd
ftpusers
gateways
group
msgs/
mtab
mtools.conf
host.conf
named/
shells
skel/
XF86Config.bak
snooptab
XF86Config.orig
ssh_config
tigre:/etc>
hosts
named.boot
hosts.allow
named.boot.orig
9HDPRV GH QXHYR HQ TXp GLUHFWRULR HVWDPRV WUDEDMDQGR
tigre:/etc> pwd
/etc
tigre:/etc>
9LPRV TXH KD\ XQ GLUHFWRULR OODPDGR VNHO GHQWUR GH HWF FXDQGR XVDPRV OV OD UXWD FRPSOHWD GHO
GLUHFWRULR HV HWFVNHO 3RGHPRV LU DOOi GHVGH FXDOTXLHU VLWLR XWLOL]DQGR XQD UXWD DEVROXWD
tigre:~> cd /etc/skel/
tigre:/etc/skel>
3HUR VL D~Q
FDVR D HWF
HVWDPRV SDUDGRV HQ HWF
SRGHPRV HQWUDU DO GLUHFWRULR
VNHO
XWLOL]DQGR XQD UXWD UHODWLYD HQ HVWH
tigre:/etc> cd skel/
tigre:/etc/skel>
(VWDPRV WUDEDMDQGR HQ HWFVNHO 6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV UHWURFHGHU D HWF VLQ XWLOL]DU XQD UXWD
DEVROXWD 3RGHPRV KDFHUOR SDUD HVWH \ FXDOTXLHU GLUHFWRULR FRQ OD VLJXLHQWH LQVWUXFFLyQ
leon:/etc/skel> cd ..
leon:/etc>
/D QRWDFLyQ VLJQLILFD HO QLYHO DQWHULRU PLHQWUDV TXH OD QRWDFLyQ VLJQLILFD HO GLUHFWRULR DFWXDO
6H SXHGHQ PH]FODU WDQWRV QLYHOHV GH FRPR VH TXLHUD FRQ HVWR UHJUHVDPRV GHVGH HWFVNHO D XWLOL]DQGR XQD UXWD UHODWLYD
leon:/etc/skel> cd ../../
leon:/>
$KRUD UHJUHVHPRV D QXHVWUR GLUHFWRULR KRJDU
tigre:/etc> cd /home/angel
tigre:~>
$7$-26 3$5$ 029(56( (175( ',5(&725,26
¢4Xp FUHH XVWHG TXH SDVDUtD VL WXYLHUD TXH PRYHUVH GHVGH D XQ GLUHFWRULR GHQWUR GH VX GLUHFWRULR
KRJDU SRU HMHPSOR KRPHXVXDULRVHVODUHGDQJHOGRFXPHQWRV" 6HUtD PX\ WHGLRVR KDFHUOR FRQ XQD
UXWD DEVROXWD 3RGHPRV XWLOL]DU HO VLJXLHQWH DWDMR FG a
OHRQ! FG aDQJHOGRFXPHQWRV
OHRQa! SZG
KRPHXVXDULRVHVODUHGDQJHOGRFXPHQWRV
OHRQa!
3HUR ¢\ TXp SDVD FXDQGR \R GHER PRYHUPH HQWUH GLUHFWRULRV FRQ PXFKRV QLYHOHV GH SURIXQGLGDG \
QLQJXQR GH HOORV PL GLUHFWRULR KRJDU"
+D\ YDULDV IRUPDV GH VDOWDU HQWUH GLUHFWRULRV
&RQ
cd - SRGHPRV UHJUHVDU DO QLYHO GLUHFWRULR DQWHULRU VLQ PXFKR WUDEDMR
leon:~> cd /etc
leon:/etc> cd /var/spool/mail
leon:/var/spool/mail> cd leon:/etc>
/RV VLJXLHQWHV FRPDQGRV VRQ PX\ ~WLOHV FXDQGR OD FDQWLGDG GH VDOWRV HV PD\RU TXH XQR SDUD HOOR
XWLOL]DPRV OD SLOD GH GLUHFWRULRV
leon:~> cd /var/spool/mail
*XDUGDPRV HO GLUHFWRULR DFWXDO HQ OD SLOD GH GLUHFWRULRV
leon:/var/spool/mail> pushd .
/var/spool/mail /var/spool/mail
1RV YDPRV D RWUR GLUHFWRULR \ ORV JXDUGDPRV WDPELpQ HQ OD SLOD
leon:/var/spool/mail> cd /etc
leon:/etc> pushd .
/etc /etc /var/spool/mail
leon:/etc> cd /var/adm/
leon:/var/adm> pushd .
/var/adm /var/adm /etc /var/spool/mail
leon:/var/adm> cd /mnt
9DPRV D FRQVXOWDU OD SLOD SDUD YHU TXH WLHQH HO WRSH GH OD SLOD VH YH GH L]TXLHUGD D GHUHFKD
leon:/mnt> dirs
/mnt /var/adm /etc /var/spool/mail
$KRUD UHJUHVDPRV D FDGD XQR GH ORV GLUHFWRULRV YLVLWDGRV FRQ DQWHULRULGDG XVDQGR OD SLOD GH
GLUHFWRULRV
leon:/mnt> popd
/var/adm /etc /var/spool/mail
leon:/var/adm> popd
/etc /var/spool/mail
leon:/etc> popd
/var/spool/mail
leon:/var/spool/mail>
&5($1'2 < (/,0,1$1'2 ',5(&725,26
/D IRUPD GH FUHDU GLUHFWRULRV HV FRQ PNGLU GLUHFWRULR
/RV VLJXLHQWHV HMHPSORV LOXVWUDQ XQ SRFR PHMRU HO XVR GH PNGLU XVDQGR XQD UXWD UHODWLYD XQD UXWD
DEVROXWD \ XQ DWDMR
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
mkdir
mkdir
mkdir
mkdir
documentos
/home/angel/documentos2
~angel/documentos3
prueba
3DUD HOLPLQDU XQ GLUHFWRULR XWLOL]DPRV
UPGLU GLUHFWRULR (O GLUHFWRULR GHEH HVWDU YDFLR
leon:~> rmdir documentos
leon:~> rmdir /home/foto/documentos2
leon:~> rmdir ~foto/documentos3
leon:~>
([LVWH XQD IRUPD GH HOLPLQDU VXEGLUHFWRULRV YDFtRV LQFOX\HQGR DO GLUHFWRULR SULQFLSDO FRQ UPGLU
leon:~> mkdir prueba1
leon:~> cd prueba1/
leon:~/prueba> mkdir prueba2
&RQ HVWR KDFHPRV HO GLUHFWRULR aDQJHOSUXHEDSUXHED $KRUD TXHUHPRV HOLPLQDU D SUXHED MXQWR
FRQ VX GLUHFWRULR SDGUH SUXHED
leon:~/prueba> cd
leon:~> rmdir -p prueba1/prueba2/
9,(1'2 /26 $75,%8726 '( /26 $5&+,926
(O FRPDQGR
OV
FRPDQGR
OV HV TXL]iV HO FRPDQGR 81,; PiV XWLOL]DGR
FG
OH GLFH DO XVXDULR TXp DUFKLYRV \ GLUHFWRULRV HVWiQ HQ XQ GLUHFWRULR 'HVSXpV GHO
&RQ DQWHULRULGDG YLPRV TXH OD VLQWD[LV GHO FRPDQGR
OV
HV
OV DUFKLYR
6LQ HPEDUJR OV SXHGH KDFHU FRVDV PiV LQWHUHVDQWHV TXH VyOR PRVWUDU HO FRQWHQLGR GH XQ GLUHFWRULR
3RU HMHPSOR VL TXHUHPRV YHU D WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV LQFOX\HQGR D ORV DUFKLYRV RFXOWRV HVFULELUHPRV
DOJR DVt
leon:~> ls -a
./
.ctwmrc
prueba/
../
.fvwm2rc95
leon:~>
.history
.lessrc
foto/
.less
.steprc
passwd.orig
(Q HVWD VDOLGD SRU SDQWDOOD WHQHPRV TXH SDVVZGRULJ HV XQ DUFKLYR QRUPDO PLHQWUDV TXH VWHSUF HV
XQ DUFKLYR RFXOWR HV GHFLU TXH QR SXHGH VHU YLVWR FRQ OD LQYRFDFLyQ GH OV VLQ DUJXPHQWRVO /D
XWLOLGDG GH ORV DUFKLYRV RFXOWRV HV TXH VRQ XQ SRFR PiV GLItFLOHV GH HOLPLQDU R PRGLILFDU
LQDGYHUWLGDPHQWH
)tMHVH HQ OD GLIHUHQFLD DO KDFHU VRODPHQWH OV HQ HVWH GLUHFWRULR
leon:~> ls
foto/
leon:~>
passwd.orig
prueba/
7DPELpQ SRGUtDPRV HVWDU LQWHUHVDGRV HQ YHU HO WDPDxR GH FDGD DUFKLYR HQ EORTXHV GH .E WDPDxR
SRU RPLVLyQ
leon:~> ls -s
total 3
1 foto/
leon:~>
1 passwd.orig
1 prueba/
9HPRV TXH HO DUFKLYR SDVVZGRULJ WLHQH XQ WDPDxR GH .E
6LQ HPEDUJR OD RSFLyQ PiV LQWHUHVDQWH GH OV HV OD VLJXLHQWH
leon:~> ls -l
total 3
drwxr-xr-x 10 angel
-rw-r--r-1 angel
passwd.orig
drwx-----2 angel
users
users
1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/
652 Sep 27 17:24
users
1024 Jun 26 10:22 prueba/
¢4Xp HV WRGD HVWD LQIRUPDFLyQ" /D LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH VH OHH GH L]TXLHUGD D GHUHFKD LQGLFD OD
SHUPLVRORJtD GHO DUFKLYR Q~PHUR GH HQODFHV HO SURSLHWDULR \ JUXSR GHO DUFKLYR VX WDPDxR HQ E\WHV
VX ~OWLPD IHFKD GH PRGLILFDFLyQ \ ILQDOPHQWH HQ QRPEUH GHO DUFKLYR R GLUHFWRULR 9HDPRV OR TXH
VLJQLILFD FDGD XQR GH HVWRV SXQWRV FRQ PiV GHWDOOH
•
•
•
•
•
•
3HUPLVRV HV OR TXH SXHGH KDFHU FRQ HO DUFKLYR
(QODFHV VRQ OD FDQWLGDG GH SXQWRV SHUPLWLGRV TXH SXHGHQ RFXSDU HQ HO VLVWHPD
3URSLHWDULR HV TXLHQ FUHy HO DUFKLYR
7DPDxR 7DPDxR GHO DUFKLYR HQ E\WHV PiV SUHFLVR TXH OV V
7LHPSR GH PRGLILFDFLyQ FXDQGR HO DUFKLYR IXH FUHDGR HGLWDGR R PRGLILFDGR
1RPEUH HO QRPEUH GHO DUFKLYR R GLUHFWRULR
&RPR OR KDEUi LQWXLGR \D HO XVXDULR SXHGH FRPELQDU YDULDV RSFLRQHV SDUD REWHQHU
LQIRUPDFLyQ PiV SUHFLVD DFHUFD GH ORV DUFKLYRV TXH HVWi H[DPLQDQGR
leon:~> ls -las
total 75
2 drwx-----17:24 ./
1 drwxr-xr-x
19:34 ../
14 -rw------1997 .ctwmrc
28 -rw------1997 .fvwm2rc95
1 -rw------13:43 .history
1 -rw------1993 .less
1 -rw------1993 .lessrc
24 -rw------13:05 .steprc
1 drwxr-xr-x
17:22 foto/
4 foto
users
2048 Sep 27
5 root
root
1024 Jul
1 foto
users
13228 Feb 19
1 foto
users
26779 Mar
1 foto
users
494 Sep 27
1 foto
users
34 Nov 24
1 foto
users
114 Nov 24
1 foto
users
23270 Jul 24
10 foto
users
1024 Sep 27
9
8
1 -rw-r--r-1 foto
17:24 passwd.orig
1 drwx-----2 foto
10:22 prueba/
leon:~>
users
652 Sep 27
users
1024 Jun 26
0iV DGHODQWH SURIXQGL]DUHPRV HO FRQFHSWR GH SHUPLVRORJtD \ SURSLHGDG GH DUFKLYR
'26 $7$-26 Ó7,/(6 < "
81,; OH SHUPLWH D XVWHG WUDEDMDU FRQ PiV GH XQ DUFKLYR D OD YH] DO SURYHHU GRV PHWDFDUDFWHUHV
OODPDGRV DVt SRUTXH HOORV VH UHILHUHQ D FXDOTXLHU FDUiFWHU R JUXSR GH FDUDFWHUHV HQ HO QRPEUH GH XQ
DUFKLYR 'H HVWD PDQHUD XVWHG SXHGH RSHUDU HQ XQ Q~PHUR GH DUFKLYRV FX\RV QRPEUHV FRLQFLGDQ HO
SDWUyQ TXH XVWHG SURYHH
3RU HMHPSOR TXHUHPRV OLVWDU WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV TXH FRPLHQFHQ SRU K HQ HWF
leon:~> ls /etc/h*
/etc/host.conf
/etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts.deny
leon:~>
/etc/hosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.lpd
4XLHUR OLVWDU WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV TXH WHUPLQHQ HQ FRQI
leon:~> ls /etc/*.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/ld.so.conf
/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/lilo.conf
/etc/yp.conf
leon:~>
/etc/mtools.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
&RPR SXHGH YHU pO UHSUHVHQWD FXDOTXLHU Q~PHUR GH FDUDFWHUHV HQ HO QRPEUH GH XQ DUFKLYR 8Q
DVWHULVFR SRU VL PLVPR UHSUHVHQWD D WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV HQ XQ GLUHFWRULR H[FHSWR ORV DUFKLYRV
RFXOWRV (Q FDPELR HO FDUiFWHU " UHSUHVHQWD XQ VROR FDUiFWHU HQ HO QRPEUH GH XQ DUFKLYR
3RU HMHPSOR VL TXLHUR OLVWDU WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV HQ HWF TXH FRPLHQFHQ SRU K \ WHQJDQ OHWUDV
leon:~> ls /etc/h????
/etc/hosts
leon:~>
3XHGR PH]FODU DPEDV RSFLRQHV /D VLJXLHQWH VDOLGD PH PXHVWUD WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV TXH WHQJDQ XQD
H[WHQVLyQ GH OHWUDV
leon:~> ls /etc/*.????
/etc/at.deny
/etc/ld.so.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/lilo.conf
/etc/hosts.deny
/etc/mtools.conf
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/named.boot
leon:~>
/etc/named.boot.orig
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/yp.conf
8VR DGLFLRQDO GH ORV FDUDFWpUHV HVSHFLDOHV
/RV FDUDFWpUHV HVSHFLDOHV TXH DFDED GH DSUHQGHU SXHGHQ VHU XWLOL]DGRV WDPELpQ SDUD PRYHU FRSLDU \
ERUUDU DUFKLYRV HV GHFLU FXDOTXLHU RSHUDFLyQ GH PDQLSXODFLyQ GH DUFKLYRV SXHGH XWLOL]DU HVWRV
FDUDFWpUHV
9,(1'2 (/ &217(1,'2 '( 81 $5&+,92 '( 7(;72
(O FRPDQGR
PRUH PXHVWUD HO FRQWHQLGR GH XQ DUFKLYR XQD SDQWDOOD D OD YH] VL HO DUFKLYR RFXSD PiV
GH XQD SDQWDOOD PRVWUDUi OD SDODEUD
-moreVHJXLGR GH HO SRUFHQWDMH PRVWUDGR GHO DUFKLYR KDVWD DKRUD HQ HO IRQGR GH OD SDQWDOOD
3UHVLRQH OD EDUUD HVSDFLDGRUD SDUD YHU OD VLJXLHQWH SDQWDOOD GHO DUFKLYR SUHVLRQH
D\XGD SUHVLRQH
T SDUD VDOLU
K SDUD REWHQHU
6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GHO DUFKLYR HWFLQHWGFRQI
leon:/etc> more inetd.conf
# See "man 8 inetd" for more information.
#
# If you make changes to this file, either reboot your machine
or send the
# inetd a HUP signal:
# Do a "ps x" as root and look up the pid of inetd. Then do a
# "kill -HUP <pid of inetd>".
# The inetd will re-read this file whenever it gets that signal.
#
# <service_name> <sock_type> <proto> <flags> <user>
<server_path> <args>
#
echo
stream tcp
nowait root
internal
echo
dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
discard stream tcp
nowait root
internal
discard dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
daytime stream tcp
nowait root
internal
daytime dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
chargen stream tcp
nowait root
internal
chargen dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
time
stream tcp
nowait root
internal
time
dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
#
# These are standard services.
--More--(17%)
7DPELpQ SXHGH EXVFDU FDGHQDV GH WH[WR GHQWUR GHO DUFKLYR (VFULED
EXVFDGD \ SXOVH
HQWHU %XVTXHPRV OD FDGHQD UORJLQ HQ HO DUFKLYR
# These are standard services.
/rlogin
...skipping
#
shell
stream tcp
nowait
-L
login
stream tcp
nowait
in.rlogind
# exec stream tcp
nowait
in.rexecd
VHJXLGR GH OD FDGHQD GH WH[WR
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
in.rshd
# talk dgram
udp
wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.talkd
#ntalk dgram
udp
wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.talkd
#
# Kerberos authenticated services
#
# klogin
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rlogind -k
# eklogin
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rlogind -k -x
# kshell
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rshd -k
#
# Services run ONLY on the Kerberos server
#
# krbupdate
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
registerd
# kpasswd
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
kpasswdd
#
# Pop et al
#
# pop2 stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.pop2d
--More--(57%)
&RPR SXHGH YHU PRUH EXVFD OD SULPHUD RFXUUHQFLD \ VH GHWLHQH
2WUD IRUPD GH YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GH WRGR HO DUFKLYR GH XQD VROD YH] HV FRQ HO FRPDQGR
FDW
leon:/etc> cat /etc/passwd
root:XkWExN0RX5KaM:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:*:1:1:bin:/bin:
daemon:*:2:2:daemon:/sbin:
adm:*:3:4:adm:/var/adm:
lp:*:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:
sync:*:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:*:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:*:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:*:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:
news:*:9:13:news:/usr/lib/news:
uucp:*:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucppublic:
operator:*:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/bash
games:*:12:100:games:/usr/games:
man:*:13:15:man:/usr/man:
postmaster:*:14:12:postmaster:/var/spool/mail:/bin/bash
nobody:*:65534:100:nobody:/dev/null:
ftp:*:404:1::/home/ftp:/bin/bash
guest:*:405:100:guest:/dev/null:/dev/null
+foto::::::
+jose::::::
leon:/etc>
&DW PXHVWUD HO DUFKLYR GH XQD VROD YH] QR VH GHWLHQH VL HO DUFKLYR RFXSD PiV GH XQD SDQWDOOD
3HUR ¢\ TXH SDVD VL HVWR\ LQWHUHVDGR HQ YHU HO ILQDO GHO DUFKLYR VRODPHQWH"
leon:/etc> tail /etc/inetd.conf
netbios-ns
dgram
udp
wait
root
/usr/sbin/nmbd
nmbd
#
# Sun-RPC based services.
# <service
name/version><sock_type><rpc/prot><flags><user><server><args>
#
# rstatd/1-3
dgram
rpc/udp wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rpc.rstatd
# rusersd/2-3
dgram
rpc/udp wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rpc.rusersd
# walld/1
dgram
rpc/udp wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd rpc.rwal
ld
#
# End of inetd.conf.
leon:/etc>
7DLO SRU RPLVLyQ PH PXHVWUD VRODPHQWH ODV ~OWLPDV OtQHDV DO PHQRV TXH OH LQGLTXH OR FRQWUDULR
&23,$1'2 029,(1'2 &$0%,$1'2 (/ 120%5( $ /26 $5&+,926
3DUD FRSLDU DUFKLYRV HQ OD PLVPD PDTXLQD XVH HO FRPDQGR FS /D VLQWD[LV PiV VHQFLOOD GH FS HV OD
VLJXLHQWH
FS DUFKLYRIXHQWH DUFKLYRGHVWLQR
6DTXHPRV XQD FRSLD GHO HWFSDVVZG \ GHMpPRVOD HQ QXHVWUR GLUHFWRULR KRJDU
leon:~> cp /etc/passwd ~angel
leon:~>
6XSRQJDPRV TXH DKRUD TXLHUR XQD FRSLD GH WRGR HO GLUHFWRULR HWF HQ PL GLUHFWRULR KRJDU
leon:~> cp -r /etc ~angel
cp: /etc/inet: cannot copy cyclic symbolic link
cp: /etc/syslog.conf: Permission denied
cp: /etc/rmt: Permission denied
cp: /etc/psdevtab: Permission denied
leon:~> ls
etc/ passwd prueba/
leon:~>
(O FRPDQGR
cp -r KDFH XQD FRSLD UHFXUVLYD TXH FRSLD XQ GLUHFWRULR FRQ WRGRV VXEGLUHFWRULRV HQ
RWUR GLUHFWRULR HQ HO HMHPSOR HV KRPHDQJHO 1R VH SUHRFXSH SRU ORV PHQVDMHV TXH GLFHQ SHUPLVR
GHQHJDGR VLJQLILFDQ TXH XVWHG QR WLHQH SHUPLVR SDUD FRSLDU HVRV DUFKLYRV 6H GDUiQ PiV GHWDOOHV HQ
OD SUiFWLFD
9DPRV D FDPELDUOH HO QRPEUH GH KRPHDQJHOSDVVZG D KRPHDQJHOSDVVZGRULJ
leon:~> mv passwd passwd.orig
leon:~> ls
etc/ passwd.orig prueba/
leon:~>
PY VLUYH SDUD FDPELDUOH HO QRPEUH XQ DUFKLYR DVt FRPR SDUD PRYHU XQR R PiV DUFKLYRV GH XQ
GLUHFWRULR D RWUR 9DPRV D PRYHU WRGR HO GLUHFWRULR aDQJHOHWF GHQWUR GH aDQJHOSUXHED
leon:~> mv etc/ prueba/
leon:~> cd prueba
leon:~/prueba> ls
etc/
leon:~/prueba>
$KRUD TXH WHUPLQDPRV GH PRYHU ORV DUFKLYRV TXHUHPRV HOLPLQDUORV SDUD GHVRFXSDU HVSDFLR GHQWUR
GH QXHVWUR GLVFR GXUR (OLPLQHPRV SULPHUR D aDQJHOSDVVZGRULJ FRQ UP
leon:~/prueba> cd
leon:~> ls
foto/
passwd.orig
leon:~> rm passwd.orig
leon:~> ls
foto/
prueba/
leon:~>
prueba/
¢5HFXHUGD TXH UPGLU VyOR SRGtD HOLPLQDU GLUHFWRULRV YDFLRV" &RQ UP UI GLUHFWRULR XVWHG SXHGH HOLPLQDU
HO FRQWHQLGR GH XQ GLUHFWRULR LQFOX\HQGR HO GLUHFWRULR (OLPLQHPRV aDQJHOSUXHED
leon:~> rm -rf prueba/
leon:~> ls
127$ 62%5( (/ %255$'2 '( $5&+,926
% R U U D U
D U F K L Y R V
H O L P L Q D G R V
T X H
H O
E D M R
D U F K L Y R
H O L P L Q D U F R P D Q G R
6 H
U P L Q W H U D F W L Y R G H V H D
H V
X Q D
8 1 , ;
T X H
Y D
R S H U D F L y Q
Q R
D
T X H
S D U D
H O L P L Q D U
H O
O R
S X H G H Q
H O L P L Q D U
U H F R P L H Q G D V H U
H V
P L H Q W U D V
H M H F X W H
T X H
P X \
H V W H
D U F K L Y R
F R Q
O H
O D
O D
G H O L F D G D / R V
U H F X S H U D G R V U H D O P H Q W H
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(-(&8&,Ð1 '( 352&(626 (1 6(*81'2 3/$12
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LQWURGXFLHQGR FRPDQGRV HQ OD FRQFKD 3RU HMHPSOR VXSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV RUGHQDU
DOIDEpWLFDPHQWH XQ DUFKLYR OODPDGR
\ VDEHPRV TXH HVWD RSHUDFLyQ SXHGH WDUGDU PXFKR
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sort muy-grande > ordenado &
8VWHG SXHGH FRUUHU YDULRV FRPDQGRV HQ VHJXQGR SODQR VLQ HPEDUJR VHD FRQVLGHUDGR \ QR
FRORTXH PXFKRV SURFHVRV HQ XQ VLVWHPD PXOWLXVXDULR 5HFXHUGH TXH KD\ RWURV TXH TXLHUHQ
DSURYHFKDU WDPELpQ ORV UHFXUVRV GHO VLVWHPD
sort muy-grande1 > ordenado1 &
sort muy-grande2 > ordenado2 &
sort muy-grande3 > ordenado3 &
(67$'2 '(/ 352&(62 '( 81 868$5,2
8QL[ SHUPLWH D XQ XVXDULR HMHFXWDU PiV GH XQ SURFHVR D OD YH] &DGD XQR GH HVRV SURFHVRV WLHQH XQ
LGHQWLILFDGRU OODPDGR Q~PHUR GHO SURFHVR 3DUD YHU LQIRUPDFLyQ DFHUFD GH ORV SURFHVRV XWLOL]DPRV
HO FRPDQGR SV
leon:~> ps
PID TTY STAT
6366 p0 S
6828 p0 R
TIME COMMAND
0:01 -tcsh
0:01 ps
leon:~>
(O FRPDQGR SV PH HVWi GLFLHQGR TXH HO FRPDQGR WFVK OD FRQFKD WLHQH HO LGHQWLILFDGRU GH SURFHVR
6
HVWi FRUULHQGR HQ HO WHUPLQDO S HVWi GHWHQLGR OHHSLQJ \ OOHYD XQ PLQXWR HMHFXWiQGRVH
(O FRPDQGR SV WLHQH PXFKDV RSFLRQHV 8QD GH ODV PiV FRPXQHV HV DYHULJXDU WRGRV ORV SURFHVRV
TXH VH HVWiQ HMHFXWDQGR HQ OD PDTXLQD FRQ LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO XVXDULR TXH ORV FRUUH HVWR LQFOX\H D
WRGRV ORV XVXDULRV
leon:~> ps -aux
USER
PID %CPU %MEM
COMMAND
angel
6366 0.0 9.8
angel
6954 0.0 5.1
aux
angel
6955 0.0 3.8
bin
52 0.0 4.3
/usr/sbin/rpc.portmap
root
1 0.0 4.3
[3]
root
2 0.0 0.0
(kflushd)
root
3 0.0 0.0
(kswapd)
root
4 0.0 0.0
(nfsiod)
root
5 0.0 0.0
(nfsiod)
root
6 0.0 0.0
SIZE
RSS TTY STAT START
TIME
1132
824
692
364
p0 S
p0 R
07:29
14:36
0:01 -tcsh
0:01 ps -
792
796
268
304
p0 S
? S
14:36
Sep 30
0:00 more
0:15
780
304
?
S
Sep 30
0:07 init
0
0
?
SW
Sep 30
0:00
0
0
?
SW< Sep 30
0:00
0
0
?
SW
Sep 30
0:00
0
0
?
SW
Sep 30
0:00
0
0
?
SW
Sep 30
3RGHPRV YHU TXH VH HVWiQ HMHFXWDQGR SURFHVRV GHO XVXDULR DQJHO \ GHO XVXDULR URRW
7(50,1$&,Ð1 '( 352&(626 (1 5(6(59$
3DUD PDWDU GHWHQHU SURFHVRV HQ UHVHUYD XWLOL]DPRV OD RUGHQ
kill # proceso
9HDPRV VX XVR FRQ HO VLJXLHQWH HMHPSOR
leon:~> ftp localhost &
[1] 6957
leon:~> Connected to localhost.
220 leon FTP server (Version wu-2.4(1) Tue Dec 5 20:51:15 CST
1995) ready.
Name (localhost:angel):
[1] + Suspended (tty input)
ftp localhost
&RUUHPRV HO SURJUDPD IWS HQ VHJXQGR SODQR 9HDPRV DKRUD FXDO VX Q~PHUR GH SURFHVR
leon:~> ps -x
PID TTY STAT
6366 p0 S
6957 p0 T
6960 p0 R
TIME
0:02
0:00
0:01
COMMAND
-tcsh
ftp localhost
ps -x
$YHULJXDPRV TXH HV HO SURFHVR 9DPRV D WHUPLQDUOR
leon:~> kill 6957
[1]
Terminated
ftp localhost
9HDPRV VL WRGDYtD HVWD HMHFXWiQGRVH
leon:~> ps -x
PID TTY STAT
6366 p0 S
6961 p0 R
TIME COMMAND
0:02 -tcsh
0:01 ps -x
(OLPLQDU XQ SURFHVR SXHGH VHU ~WLO FXDQGR TXHUHPRV WHUPLQDU XQD WDUHD TXH QR GHELPRV KDEHU
LQLFLDGR R FXDQGR TXHUHPRV HOLPLQDU XQD WDUHD TXH QR HVWi IXQFLRQDQGR FRUUHFWDPHQWH
127$ 3$5$ '(7(1(5 81 352&(62 (1 35,0(5 3/$12 %$67$ 6Ð/2 &21 (6&5,%,5 &75/ & A&
(1 (/ 7(50,1$/ '(6'( '21'( )8( ,192&$'2
(-(&8&,Ð1 '( 81 352&(62 (1 81 ,167$17( (63(&Ì),&2
3DUD HMHFXWDU XQ SURJUDPD R VFULSW HQ XQD IHFKD \ KRUD HVSHFLILFRV SXHGH XWLOL]DU HO SURJUDPD
DW FRQ
OD VLJXLHQWH VLQWD[LV
at [hora] [dia] [archivo de comandos]
$UFKLYR FRQWLHQH XQD VHULH GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV TXH XVWHG GHVHD HMHFXWDU 6XSRQJDPRV TXH XVWHG GHVHD
HVFULELU XQ PHQVDMH SRU SDQWDOOD \ OR DOPDFHQR HQ XQ DUFKLYR HGLWDGR FRQ YL SRU HMHPSOR
leon:~> vi mensaje
echo "Este es un mensaje sin utilidad por pantalla"
$KRUD KDJDPRV XQD SUXHED SDUD YHU FRPR IXQFLRQD HO FRPDQGR
leon:~> date
Sun Oct 5 20:22:54 GMT-4 1997
leon:~> at 2024 -f mensaje
Job 1 will be executed using /bin/sh
&RQ DWT SRGHPRV YHU HO WUDEDMR GHQWUR GH OD FROD GH HMHFXFLyQ \ OR SRGHPRV UHPRYHU FRQ DWUP
leon:~> atq
Date
20:35:00 10/05/97
Owner
angel
Queue
c
Job#
4
3DVDGR XQ UDWR QRV OOHJD XQ FRUUHR PRVWUDQGR OD VDOLGD SRU SDQWDOOD GHO FRPDQGR
New mail for angel@leon has arrived:
---From: Angel Negro <angel@leon.felinos.ve>
Subject: Output from your job c0000400decbc3
Este es un mensaje sin utilidad por pantalla
---6XSRQJDPRV TXH DKRUD TXHUHPRV HOLPLQDU XQ WUDEDMR GH OD FROD 3ULPHUR DYHULJXDPRV OD IHFKD \
KRUD DW VXSRQH TXH HO GtD HV DFWXDO VL OD KRUD QR KD WUDQVFXUULGR VXSRQH TXH HV GHO GtD VLJXLHQWH \
OXHJR LQWURGXFLPRV HO FRPDQGR FRQ DW
leon:~> date
Sun Oct 5 20:37:13 GMT-4 1997
leon:~> at 21:00 -f mensaje
Job 2 will be executed using /bin/sh
leon:~> atq
Date
Owner
Queue
21:00:00 10/05/97
angel
c
Job#
5
/XHJR YHPRV OD FROD DYHULJXDPRV VX Q~PHUR \ OR HOLPLQDPRV FRQ DWUP
leon:~> atrm 5
leon:~> atq
leon:~>
&RPR SXHGH YHU HO FRPDQGR DWT QR PXHVWUD QDGD HQ OD FROD
(O FRPDQGR DW SXHGH VHU LQYRFDGR GH YDULDV PDQHUDV
DW DP +R\ D ODV GH OD PDxDQD
DW +R\ D ODV 30
DW 1 IUL ZHHN 0HGLRGtD XQD VHPDQD GHVSXpV GHO SUy[LPR YLHUQHV
DW 30 DSU (O SUy[LPR GH DEULO D ODV 30
127$ 62%5( (/ &20$1'2 $7
2 W U D
G H O
I R U P D
F U R Q W D E H V F U L E D
P D Q
G H
3 D U D
H M H F X W D U
W D U H D V
D Y H U L J X D U
P i V
D X W R P i W L F D V
D F H U F D
G H
H V
H V W D
S R U
P H G L R
K H U U D P L H Q W D
F U R Q W D E &RPELQDFLyQ GH P~OWLSOHV FRPDQGRV
8VWHG SXHGH FRQHFWDU FRPDQGRV MXQWRV FRQ HO FDUiFWHU _ EDUUD YHUWLFDO R SLSH SDUD KDFHU TXH OD
VDOLGD GH XQ SULPHU FRPDQGR VH FRQYLHUWD HQ OD HQWUDGD GHO VHJXQGR
leon:~> ps -aux
angel
8033
angel
8039
aux
angel
8040
angel
leon:~>
| grep angel
3.5 9.4 1124
0.0 5.1
824
664
364
p0 S
p0 R
05:58
05:58
0:01 -tcsh
0:01 ps -
0.0
304
p0 S
05:58
0:00 grep
4.3
868
&RQ HVWH FRPDQGR HVWDPRV SLGLHQGR XQ OLVWDGR GH WRGRV ORV SURFHVRV \ HVWDPRV ILOWUDQGR FRQ
D\XGD GH OD XWLOLGDG JUHS D WRGRV DTXHOORV TXH WHQJDQ OD FDGHQD GH FDUDFWHUHV DQJHO /RV FRPDQGRV
LQWHUFRQHFWDGRV FRQ SLSH VH OODPDQ WXEHUtDV (O WDPDxR GH OD WXEHUtD SXHGH VHU WDQ ODUJR FRPR VH
TXLHUD
leon:~> ps -aux | grep angel | grep -v "grep"|grep -v "ps"
angel
8033 0.4 9.5 1124
672 p0 S
05:58
0:01 -tcsh
leon:~>
(Q HO HMHPSOR DQWHULRU XWLOL]DPRV XQ VHJXQGR JUHS SDUD VXSULPLU OD VDOLGD GH JUHS FRPR XQ SURFHVR
HQ QXHVWUR OLVWDGR \ XQ WHUFHU JUHS HQ OD WXEHUtD SDUD VXSULPLU OD VDOLGD GH SV
2WUD IRUPD GH FRPELQDU FRPDQGRV VHFXHQFLDOHV HV KDFHUOR XWLOL]DQGR SDUpQWHVLV FRQ R VLQ SXQWRV \
FRPDV /D IRUPD FyPR VH DJUXSDQ ORV FRPDQGRV HV PX\ LPSRUWDQWH
leon:~> date ; ls /etc| wc -l
Mon Oct 6 06:10:34 GMT-4 1997
82
leon:~>
(O FRPDQGR DQWHULRU PH PXHVWUD OD IHFKD SRU SDQWDOOD \ OXHJR PH FXHQWD FXDQWRV DUFKLYRV H[LVWHQ
HQ HO GLUHFWRULR HWF PLHQWUDV TXH
leon:~> (date ; ls /etc) | wc -l
83
leon:~>
0H FXHQWD D OD IHFKD SURGXFLGD SRU GDWH FRPR XQD OtQHD PiV DSDUWH GHO OLVWDGR SURGXFLGR SRU OV
¢ SURGXFLUiQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV OtQHDV UHVXOWDGRV GLVWLQWRV"
leon:~> ( echo "En el directorio raiz hay" ; ls / | wc -l ; echo
"archivos y ocupan el siguiente espacio:" ; df )
leon:~> echo "En el directorio raiz hay" ; (ls / | wc -l) ; echo
"archivos y ocupan el siguiente espacio:" ; df
(175$'$ < 6$/,'$ '( &20$1'26
3RU RPLVLyQ PXFKRV FRPDQGRV TXH SURGXFHQ VDOLGD OD HVFULEHQ DO WHUPLQDO 6L XVWHG XWLOL]D HO
FDUiFWHU ! OD FRQFKD OH SHUPLWH HQYLDU OD VDOLGD D XQ DUFKLYR
leon:~> ls /etc|wc -l >~/listado-archivos-etc
leon:~> cat ~/listado-archivos-etc
82
leon:~>
&RPR SRGHPRV YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GH HVH OLVWDGR IXH HQYLDGR D XQ DUFKLYR OODPDGR OLVWDGRDUFKLYRV
HWF HQ YH] GH VHU PRVWUDGR SRU SDQWDOOD (O FDUiFWHU ! VREUHHVFULEH FXDOTXLHU DUFKLYR TXH KD\D VLGR
FUHDGR SUHYLDPHQWH PLHQWUDV TXH HO FDUiFWHU !! DJUHJD DO ILQDO GHO DUFKLYR
leon:~> cat /etc/passwd|wc -l > ~/listado-archivos-etc
leon:~> cat ~/listado-archivos-etc
20
&RPR SXHGH YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GHO DUFKLYR IXH VREUHHVFULWR DKRUD QR HV VLQR 9DPRV D
DJUHJDU XQ FRPHQWDULR DO ILQDO GHO DUFKLYR
leon:~> echo "Hay 20 lineas en mi archivo ahora" >> ~/listadoarchivos-etc
leon:~> cat ~/listado-archivos-etc
20
Hay 20 lineas en mi archivo ahora
leon:~>
$Vt FRPR SRGHPRV FUHDU XQ DUFKLYR FRQ OD UHGLUHFFLyQ SRGHPRV OHHU WDPELpQ GHVGH XQ DUFKLYR
FRQ HO FDUiFWHU 6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV YHU FXDQWDV OtQHDV WLHQH HO DUFKLYR TXH DFDEDPRV GH
FUHDU
leon:~> wc -l <~/listado-archivos-etc
2
leon:~>
)LQDOPHQWH SRGHPRV XWLOL]DU OD UHGLUHFFLyQ HQ DPERV VHQWLGRV VLQ QLQJ~Q SUREOHPD 9DPRV D
FRQYHUWLU GH PLQXVFXODV D PD\XVFXODV HO WH[WR GHO DUFKLYR TXH DFDEDPRV GH FUHDU
leon:~> cat ~/listado-archivos-etc
20
Hay 20 lineas en mi archivo ahora
leon:~> tr a-z A-z < ~/listado-archivos-etc >mayusculas
leon:~> cat mayusculas
20
HAY 20 LINEAS EN MI ARCHIVO AHORA
leon:~>
&203/(7$&,Ð1 '( &20$1'26
&XDQGR XVWHG HVFULEH OD SULPHUD SDUWH GH XQ QRPEUH OD FRQFKD D YHFHV SXHGH VDEHU HO UHVWR GHO
QRPEUH GH PDQHUD TXH XVWHG QR WHQJD TXH HVFULELUOR (VWD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD VH OODPD FRPSOHWDFLyQ GH
FRPDQGRV 3DUD XWLOL]DUOD XVWHG HVFULEH OD SULPHUD SDUWH GHO QRPEUH GH XQ DUFKLYR SUHVLRQD XQD
WHFOD HVSHFLDO \ OD FRQFKD KDFH HO UHVWR
3DUD DFWLYDU OD FRPSOHWDFLyQ GH FRPDQGRV HQ WFVK SDUD DYHULJXDU VL HVD HV VX FRQFKD HVFULED HFKR
6+(// HVFULED HO SUHILMR GHO QRPEUH \ SUHVLRQH OD WHFOD 7$% WDEXODFLyQ
(Q HO HMHPSOR DQWHULRU FRQVWUXLPRV XQ DUFKLYR OODPDGR aPD\XVFXODV 6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV
YHU VX FRQWHQLGR RWUD YH]
leon:~> cat may <TAB>
leon:~> cat mayusculas <ENTER>
20
HAY 20 LINEAS EN MI ARCHIVO AHORA
leon:~>
(Q FVK OD FRPSOHWDFLyQ GH FRPDQGRV VH XVD GH PDQHUD XQ SRFR GLIHUHQWH 8VWHG SUHVLRQD (6& HQ
YH] GH 7$% \ DGHPiV GHEH FRORFDU HO VLJXLHQWH FRPDQGR HQ VX DUFKLYR GH FRQILJXUDFLyQ aFVKUF
set filec
6L XQ SUHILMR HV DPELJXR VH HQFXHQWUD PiV GH XQ QRPEUH GH DUFKLYR OD FRQFKD HPLWLUi XQ VRQLGR
&XDQGR HVWR RFXUUD XVWHG SXHGH YHU XQ OLVWDGR GH ODV SRVLELOLGDGHV TXH HQFRQWUy OD FRQFKD FRQ
&WUO'
)LQDOPHQWH XVWHG SXHGH D\XGDU D OD FRQFKD H[FOX\HQGR FLHUWRV VXILMRV GH OD FRPSOHWDFLyQ GH
FRPDQGRV DJUHJDQGR OD VLJXLHQWH OtQHD D VX aFVKUF
Set fignore = (.o *.bak)
127$ (/ $5&+,92 &6+5& (6 87,/,=$'2 7$172 325 7&6+ &202 325 &6+ 7&6+ (6 &203$7,%/(
&21 /$ 6,17$;,6 '( &6+ 3(52 12 $/ 5(9(6
862 '( 3$7521(6
/RV SDWURQHV GH DUFKLYRV XVDQGR " R >@ VRQ ~WLOHV SDUD HVSHFLILFDU JUXSRV GH DUFKLYRV
UHODFLRQDGRV SHUR VyOR VL HVWRV \D H[LVWHQ 6L XVWHG HVWi WUDWDQGR GH HVSHFLILFDU QRPEUHV SDUD
QXHYRV DUFKLYRV H[LVWH XQD WpFQLFD TXH OR SXHGH D\XGDU
6XSRQJD TXH XVWHG TXLHUH FUHDU ORV GLUHFWRULRV DQJHO DQJHO DQJHO \ DQJHO SDUD JXDUGDU DOOt IRWRV
GH VXV iQJHOHV IDYRULWRV 8Q SDWURQ FRPR HO VLJXLHQWH IDOODUtD SRUTXH ORV GLUHFWRULRV QR H[LVWHQ
leon:~> mkdir angel[1-4]
mkdir: No match.
leon:~>
3HUR HQ FDPELR VL XVWHG XWLOL]D ^` SDUD FUHDU ORV GLUHFWRULRV ORV UHVXOWDGRV VHUiQ GLIHUHQWHV
leon:~> mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
leon:~> ls
angel1/
angel4/
angel2/
listado-archivos-etc
angel3/
mayusculas
leon:~>
mensaje
5(87,/,=$&,Ð1 5(3(7,&,Ð1 < 6867,78&,Ð1 '( &20$1'26
/D FRQFKD WLHQH XQ PHFDQLVPR SDUD PDQWHQHU XQD KLVWRULD GH ORV FRPDQGRV (VR VLJQLILFD TXH
UHFXHUGD ORV FRPDQGRV TXH XVWHG HMHFXWD \ SHUPLWH TXH ORV YXHOYD D FRUUHU FRQ XQRV SRFRV JROSHV
GH WHFOD 6XSRQJDPRV TXH XVWHG HVWD HMHFXWDQGR ORV VLJXLHQWHV FRPDQGRV TXH WLHQHQ PXFKR HQ
FRP~Q
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
ls
rmdir angel*
ls
mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
ls
ls
cat listado-archivos-etc
cat mayusculas
cat mensaje
3RGHPRV YHU VL HVWiQ HQ QXHVWUD KLVWRULD GH FRPDQGRV FRQ OD VHQWHQFLD KLVWRU\ VH PXHVWUD VyOR XQD
VDOLGD DEUHYLDGD
leon:~> history
32 6:58
cat mayusculas
33 7:11
mkdir angel[1-4]
34 7:12
mkdir angel{1-4}
35 7:12
ls
36 7:13
mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
37 7:13
ls
38 7:13
rmdir angel*
39 7:13
ls
40 7:13
mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
41 7:13
ls
42 7:55
ls
43 7:55
cat listado-archivos-etc
44 7:55
cat mayusculas
45 7:55
cat mensaje
46
7:58
history
9HPRV TXH DSDUHFHQ WRGRV ORV FRPDQGRV TXH KHPRV HVFULWR HQ QXHVWUD VHVLyQ SRGHPRV OLPLWDU HO
WDPDxR GH OD KLVWRULD FRORFDQGR OD OtQHD
set history=20 HQ HO aFVKUF
-XJXHPRV XQ SRFR FRQ QXHVWUD KLVWRULD GH FRPDQGRV
leon:~> rmdir angel*
(O VLJXLHQWH FRPDQGR EXVFD D FXDOTXLHU FRPDQGR TXH FRQWHQJD HO FDUiFWHU
HQ OD KLVWRULD \ OR
HMHFXWD GH QXHYR
leon:~> !?3
mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
5HSHWLPRV HO FRPDQGR PiV UHFLHQWH TXH FRPLHQFH SRU U
leon:~> !r
rmdir angel*
3XGLPRV KDEHUOR KHFKR LQYRFDQGR GH QXHYR DO ~OWLPR FRPDQGR HVFULWR
leon:~> !!
rmdir angel *
2 ELHQ SXGLPRV KDEHUOR EXVFDGR GH OD KLVWRULD GH FRPDQGRV GLUHFWDPHQWH
leon:~> !38
rmdir angel *
5HSLWDPRV HO OD ~OWLPD VHQWHQFLD TXH XWLOL]DED HO FRPDQGR FDW \ FDPELHPRVOD SRU UP
leon:~> !45:s/cat/rm
rm mensaje
$SURYHFKHPRV HVWH ~OWLPR FRPDQGR \ HOLPLQHPRV HO DUFKLYR
PD\XVFXODV
FDPELDQGR HO DUJXPHQWR DO
FRPDQGR TXH DFDEDPRV GH HMHFXWDU
leon:~> ^mensaje^mayusculas
rm mayusculas
3RGHPRV FUHDU GH QXHYR DO DUFKLYR PD\XVFXODV XVDQGR WRXFK \ XWLOL]DQGR HO SULPHU SDUiPHWUR GHO
FRPDQGR DQWHULRU
leon:~> touch !^
touch mayusculas
127$ 62%5( /$ &203/(7$&,Ð1 '( &20$1'26
3 D U D
T X H
F R P D Q G R
X W L O L F H
H O
F R P D Q G R
X Q
F R P D Q G R
D Q W H U L R U
~ O W L P R
X W L O L F H
H V F U L E D
W R G R V
F R P D Q G R
D U J X P H Q W R
G H O
O R V
D U J X P H Q W R V
3 D U D
F R P D Q G R
T X H
D Q W H U L R U
G H O
X Q
F R P D Q G R
H V F U L E D
3RGHPRV UHSHWLU XQD VHULH GH FRPDQGRV XWLOL]DQGR XQ OD]R ORRS 6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV FUHDU
ORV DUFKLYRV DUFKLYR H[SHULPHQWR SUXHED
leon:~> foreach i ( prueba1 archivo2 experimento )
foreach? touch $i
foreach? end
leon:~> ls
archivo2
experimento prueba1
leon:~>
3ULPHUR GHFODUDPRV HO OD]R \ XQD YDULDEOH GH FRQWURO OXHJR OH GHFLPRV TXp FRPDQGR TXHUHPRV XVDU
FRQ FDGD XQD GH ORV HOHPHQWRV HQ HO OD]R \ ILQDOPHQWH WHUPLQDPRV GH GHILQLU ODV LQVWUXFFLRQHV
HVFULELHQGR OD SDODEUD HQG FRQ OR FXDO VH LQLFLD OD HMHFXFLyQ GHO OD]R
&5($1'2 $7$-26 3$5$ &20$1'26
$ YHFHV HV FRQYHQLHQWH FUHDU DWDMRV SDUD ORV FRPDQGRV PDV XWLOL]DGRV HVWR VH SXHGH KDFHU
XWLOL]DQGR HO DUFKLYR FVKUF 3RU HMHPSOR VXSRQJDPRV TXH FDGD YH] TXH TXHUDPRV OLPSLDU OD
SDQWDOOD HVFULELPRV FOV HQ YH] GH FOHDU \ K SDUD YHU OD KLVWRULD GH FRPDQGRV HQ YH] GH KLVWRU\
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
leon:~>
alias cls clear
alias h history
h
23:02
ls
23:02
rm listado-archivos-etc
23:02
rm mayusculas
23:02
ls
23:02
clear
23:03
foreach i ( prueba1 archivo2 experimento )
23:03
foreach i ( prueba1 archivo2 experimento )
23:03
ls
23:14
alias cls clear
23:14
alias h history
23:14
h
86$1'2 6867,78&,Ð1 '( &20$1'26
6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO GHPRQLR LQHWG GHPRQLR HQFDUJDGR GH
FRQWURODU RWURV GHPRQLRV GHO VLVWHPD 3RGUtDPRV KDFHUOR DVt
leon:~> ps -aux | grep in.inetd | grep -v grep
root
54 0.0 4.7
780
336 ? S
Sep 30
/usr/sbin/inetd
leon:~>
0:02
6LQ HPEDUJR VDEHPRV TXH DOJXQRV GHPRQLRV GHMDQ GLFKR FRQ TXH LGHQWLILFDGRU GH SURFHVR HVWiQ
FRUULHQGR HQ XQ DUFKLYR GH WH[WR HQ HO GLUHFWRULR YDUUXQ HVWH HV HO FDVR GHO LQHWG 6L SXGLpUDPRV
GDUOH HVD LQIRUPDFLyQ D SV WRGR VHUtD PiV VHQFLOOR
leon:~> ps -aux `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`
USER
PID %CPU %MEM SIZE
RSS TTY STAT START
COMMAND
root
54 0.0 4.7
780
336 ? S
Sep 30
/usr/sbin/inetd
leon:~>
TIME
0:02
'H HVWD PDQHUD QRV HYLWDPRV XWLOL]DU GRV YHFHV DO SURJUDPD JUHS \ VRODPHQWH XWLOL]DPRV XQD YH] DO
SURJUDPD FDW
86$1'2 &21752/ '( 75$%$-26
8Q WUDEDMR HV FXDOTXLHU FRPDQGR TXH XVWHG KD LQLFLDGR \ D~Q QR VH KD FRPSOHWDGR /D FRQFKD
SURYHH XQD IDFLOLGDG GH FRQWURO TXH GHWHQHU VXVSHQGHU FRPDQGRV GH PDQHUD WHPSRUDO \ ORV
UHVXPD PiV WDUGH R PXHYD ORV FRPDQGRV DWUiV \ DGHODQWH HQWUH HO SULPHU \ VHJXQGR SODQR
(O FRQWURO GH WUDEDMRV HV ~WLO HQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV VLWXDFLRQHV
• 8VWHG SXHGH PRYHU XQ WUDEDMR OHQWR DO VHJXQGR SODQR \ WUDEDMDU HQ RWUD FRVD
PLHQWUDV HO WUDEDMR OHQWR VH HMHFXWD 7DPELpQ HO XVXDULR SXHGH GHWHQHU XQ WUDEDMR
ODUJR R XQ WUDEDMR TXH VH HVWi WDUGDQGR PiV GH ORV HVSHUDGR \ SXHGH FRORFDUOR HQ
VHJXQGR SODQR VLQ QHFHVLGDG GH PDWDUOR
• 8VWHG SXHGH SRQHU D GRUPLU XQ WUDEDMR UHVXPLpQGROR GHVSXpV SDUD TXH FRQWLQ~H
• 8VWHG SXHGH PDWDU XQ FRPDQGR VL GHFLGH QR GHMDUOR WHUPLQDU SRU DOJXQD UD]yQ
/D VLJXLHQWH WDEOD PXHVWUD OD OLVWD GH FRPDQGRV EiVLFRV SDUD FRQWURO GH WUDEDMRV
&RPDQGR (IHFWR GHO FRPDQGR
&WUO ]
&WUO F
)J
%J
.LOO 6WRS -REV
3DUD XQ WUDEDMR HQ SULPHU SODQR
,QWHUUXPSH XQ WUDEDMR HQ SULPHU SODQR
(QYtD XQ WUDEDMR TXH HVWDED GHWHQLGR R HQ VHJXQGR SODQR D SULPHU SODQR
0XHYH XQ WUDEDMR GHWHQLGR D VHJXQGR SODQR
0DWD XQ WUDEDMR GHWHQLGR R HQ VHJXQGR SODQR
'HWLHQH XQ WUDEDMR HQ VHJXQGR SODQR
0XHVWUD OD OLVWD GH WUDEDMR DFWXDOHV
7DEOD &RPDQGRV XVDGRV SDUD FRQWURO GH WUDEDMRV
9DPRV D SUREDU DKRUD ORV FRPDQGRV TXH DFDEDPRV GH DSUHQGHU 'HWHQJDPRV XQ WUDEDMR TXH HVWi
HQ SULPHU SODQR
leon:~> sleep 2000 <Ctrl-Z>
Suspended
leon:~>
$KRUD YDPRV D GHMDUOR FRUULHQGR HQ VHJXQGR SODQR
leon:~> bg
[1]
sleep 2000 &
leon:~>
9HDPRV FRPR SRGHPRV WUDHU XQ SURFHVR D SULPHU SODQR FRQ IJ
leon:~> sleep 5000 <Ctrl-Z>
Suspended
leon:~> fg
sleep 5000
9HDPRV DKRUD TXH WUDEDMRV HVWiQ HQ VHJXQGR SODQR
leon:~> jobs
[1] + Running
[2]
Running
leon:~>
sleep 2000
sleep 5000
(O VLJQR VLJQLILFD TXH HO WUDEDMR HV HO WUDEDMR DFWXDO 3DUD GHWHQHU HO WUDEDMR DFWXDO
HVFULED
leon:~> stop %
[1] + Suspended (signal)
leon:~>
sleep 2000
3RGHPRV UHIHULUQRV D ORV WUDEDMRV SRU Q~PHUR (OLPLQHPRV HO WUDEDMR leon:~> kill %2
[2]
Terminated
leon:~>
leon:~> jobs
[1] + Suspended (signal)
leon:~>
sleep 5000
sleep 2000
$~Q WHQHPRV XQ WUDEDMR GHWHQLGR 3RGHPRV PDWDUOR VL TXHUHPRV UHILULpQGRQRV DO
SURFHVR SRU VX QRPEUH
leon:~> kill %sleep
[1]
Terminated
leon:~>
sleep 2000
2WUD IRUPD GH UHIHULUQRV D XQ WUDEDMR HV GHFLUOH D OD FRQFKD TXH EXVTXH FLHUWD FDGHQD \
QR HO LQLFLR GH OD FDGHQD 6XSRQJD TXH WHQHPRV HO VLJXLHQWH FDVR
leon:~> jobs
[1] + Running
[2] - Running
leon:~>
sleep 5000
sleep 5001
$TXt SRGHPRV HOLPLQDU DO WUDEDMR VLQ QHFHVLGDG GH XWLOL]DU VX Q~PHUR GH WUDEDMR
ItMHVH TXH DPERV FRPLHQ]DQ FRQ OD FDGHQD VOHHS \ HO PpWRGR GH UHIHUHQFLD DQWHULRU QR
QRV VLUYH
leon:~> kill %?01
leon:~>
[2]
Terminated
leon:~>
sleep 5001
&RQ HVWD RUGHQ OH GHFLPRV D OD FRQFKD TXH EXVTXH XQ JUXSR GH FDUDFWHUHV GHQWUR GHO
LGHQWLILFDGRU GHO WUDEDMR
75$%$-2 (1 0$48,1$6 5(027$6
8QD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD PX\ SRGHURVD GH 81,; HV TXH SHUPLWH WUDEDMDU D GLVWDQFLD FRQ RWUDV
PiTXLQDV 7DQWR WHOQHW FRPR UORJLQ SHUPLWHQ FRQHFWDUVH D FRPSXWDGRUDV UHPRWDV
SHUPLWLHQGR WUDEDMDU HQ HOODV FRPR VL VH HVWXYLHUD VHQWDGR IUHQWH D HOODV LQWURGXFLHQGR
RUGHQHV SRU WHFODGR
(O XVR GH WHOQHW \ UORJLQ GHSHQGH GH OD GLVSRQLELOLGDG GH HVWDV KHUUDPLHQWDV SRU
HMHPSOR EDMR :LQGRZV XVWHG FRQVHJXLUi VRODPHQWH WHOQHW PLHQWUDV TXH EDMR
FXDOTXLHU 81,; HQFRQWUDUi WDQWR WHOQHW FRPR UORJLQ 7HOQHW \ UORJLQ SRVHHQ IXQFLRQHV
VLPLODUHV \ YHUHPRV FyPR XVDU DPEDV KHUUDPLHQWDV
6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV FRQHFWDUQRV D XQD PiTXLQD OODPDGD WLJUHIHOLQRVYH XVDQGR
WHOQHW
leon:~>telnet tigre.felinos.ve
tigre login: angel
Password:
Last login: Wed Oct 8 08:52:42 from leon.felinos.ve
Linux 2.0.27.
tigre:~>
2WUD IRUPD GH LQYRFDU WHOQHW HV HVFULELHQGR WHOQHW (17(5! \ HVFULELU ORV FRPDQGRV
GHVGH DOOt
leon:~> telnet
telnet>
8QD YH] GHQWUR GH WHOQHW SRGHPRV SHGLU D\XGD SDUD YHU VXV FRPDQGRV
telnet> ?
Commands may be abbreviated.
close
logout
display
mode
open
quit
send
set
unset
status
toggle
slc
z
environ
?
telnet>
Commands are:
close current connection
forcibly logout remote user and close the connection
display operating parameters
try to enter line or character mode ('mode ?' for more)
connect to a site
exit telnet
transmit special characters ('send ?' for more)
set operating parameters ('set ?' for more)
unset operating parameters ('unset ?' for more)
print status information
toggle operating parameters ('toggle ?' for more)
change state of special charaters ('slc ?' for more)
suspend telnet
change environment variables ('environ ?' for more)
print help information
< GHVGH DOOt SRGHPRV FRQHFWDUQRV DO VLVWHPD UHPRWR
telnet> open tigre
Trying 192.168.1.2...
Connected to tigre.felinos.ve.
Escape character is '^]'.
Linux 2.0.27 (tigre.felinos.ve) (ttyp0)
tigre login:
127$ 62%5( (/ 862 '( 7(/1(7
& R Q
W H O Q H W
T X p
F X H Q W D
O
X V X D U L R
T X L H U H
P i T X L Q D
W U D E D M D U
S X H G H
H Q
O D
H V S H F L I L F D U
P i T X L Q D
F R Q
U H P R W D (Q FDPELR FRQ UORJLQ QR KDFH IDOWD HVSHFLILFDU HO XVXDULR HO SURJUDPD DVXPH TXH OD
FXHQWD TXH HVWiQ HQ XVR HV OD PLVPD TXH HVWi HQ HO VLVWHPD UHPRWR
leon:~> rlogin tigre
Password:
Last login: Wed Oct 8 08:53:12 from leon.felinos.ve
Linux 2.0.27.
tigre:~>
6LQ HPEDUJR HVR QR VLJQLILFD TXH XVWHG QR SXHGD HVSHFLILFDU HO XVXDULR TXH XVWHG TXLHUH VHU HQ HO
VLVWHPD UHPRWR VXSRQLHQGR TXH XVWHG VDEH HO SDVVZRUG GH HVD FXHQWD
leon:~> rlogin tigre -l mendez
Password:
127$ 62%5( 6,67(0$6 (48,9$/(17(6
( [ L V W H
X Q D
V L V W H P D V
V L Q
R S F L y Q
H V W R
T X H
H V W R V
Q H F H V D U L D
F R Q
K D E L O L W D U
H V W D
U K R V W V
O t Q H D V
H Q
K D F H
H V W R
X Q D
P D T X L Q D
O H R Q
M R V H
W L J U H
M R V H Y
S H U P L W H
S D V V Z R U G
R S F L y Q
O O D P D G D
D Q J H O
U V K
X Q
G H
\
\
3 D U D
O O D P D G R
F R O R T X H
W L H Q H
R W U R V
H V
U F S V X S R Q J D P R V
D Q J H O
D
V L V W H P D V R S F L y Q
R
D U F K L Y R
K R J D U
V L J X L H Q W H V
O O D P D
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F R P R
F U H H
G L U H F W R U L R
V H
F R Q H F W D U V H
H T X L Y D O H Q F L D
S U R J U D P D V
O D
T X H
T X H
O O D P D
S L G D Q
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F R P R
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D O O t
T X H
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H O
X Q D V
X V X D U L R
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6 L J Q L I L F D
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H W F K R V W V H T X L Y O R F D O K R V W
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P L V P D V
\
S X H G H
W R G R V
F D U D F W H U t V W L F D
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O H R Q I H O L Q R V Y H
D Q J H O T X H
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\
T X H
D Q J H O
S D V V Z R U G G H V K D E L O L W D G D
D J U H J D G D V
S R U
\
V y O R
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S X P D I H O L Q R V Y H
1 R
G H
V H
U H F R P L H Q G D
H V W D
R S F L y Q
S R U T X H
S X H G H
V H U
X Q D
E U H F K D
V H J X U L G D G &23,$1'2 $5&+,926 '( 81 6,67(0$ $ 2752
3XHGH FRSLDU DUFKLYRV HQWUH VLVWHPDV FRQ HO FRPDQGR IWS HVFULELHQGR OR VLJXLHQWH \ SUHVLRQDQGR
HQWHU
IWS PDTXLQD
2 HVFULELHQGR IWS SUHVLRQDQGR OXHJR HQWHU
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6H GHEH VHU FXLGDGRVR FRQ HO WLSR R PRGR GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD GHO DUFKLYR 3RU OR JHQHUDO VH XWLOL]D HO
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VyOR SDUD WUDHU DUFKLYRV GH WH[WR SODQR
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leon:~> ftp tigre
Connected to tigre.felinos.ve.
220 tigre FTP server (Version wu-2.4(1) Tue Dec 5 20:51:15 CST
1995) ready.
Name (tigre:angel): angel
331 Password required for angel.
Password:
230 User angel logged in.
ftp>
127$ 62%5( )73 $121,02
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FRPDQGR
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ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
total 339
drwxr-xr-x
2 angel
users
1024 Oct 8 21:18
drwxr-xr-x 10 root
root
1024 Oct 8 08:52
-rw------1 angel
users
328 Oct 8 21:14
-rw-r--r-1 angel
users
34 Nov 24 1993
-rw-r--r-1 angel
users
114 Nov 24 1993
-rw-r--r-1 angel
users
17 Oct 8 09:53
-rw-rw-r-1 angel
users
328520 Oct 8 21:17
-rw-rw-r-1 angel
users
8945 Oct 8 21:18
226 Transfer complete.
ftp>
.
..
.history
.less
.lessrc
.rhosts
alltags.html
angel.jpg
9HPRV TXH WHQHPRV XQ DUFKLYR SRVLEOHPHQWH HVFULWR HQ KWPO DOOWDJVKWPO \ XQD IRWR
OODPDGD DQJHOMSJ 6XSRQJD TXH HQ HVWD VHVLyQ ILFWLFLD XVWHG TXLHUH WUDHUVH DPERV
DUFKLYRV
ftp> get alltags.html
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for alltags.html
(328520 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
331704 bytes received in 1.62 secs (2e+02 Kbytes/sec)
)WS HVWi SRU RPLVLyQ HQ PRGR DVFLL SRU OR TXH SRGHPRV WUDHUQRV HO DUFKLYR KHFKR HQ
KWPO VLQ QLQJ~Q SUREOHPD /R WUDHPRV XVDQGR HO FRPDQGR JHW
3DUD WUDHU OD IRWR SULPHUR HVSHFLILFDPRV TXH VH WUDWD GH XQ DUFKLYR ELQDULR GHVSXpV OR
WUDHPRV
ftp> bin
200 Type set to I.
ftp> get angel.jpg
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for angel.jpg
(8945 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
8945 bytes received in 0.293 secs (30 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>
¢1R VHUtD PiV FyPRGR WUDHUQRV ORV GRV DUFKLYRV GH XQD VROD YH] FRQ XQ VROR FRPDQGR" /D
VHQWHQFLD PJHW VH HQFDUJD GH HVWR \ SURPSW RII QRV GD OD FRPRGLGDG GH TXH IWS QR QRV HVWp
SUHJXQWDQGR VL TXHUHPRV WUDHUQRV XQ DUFKLYR SRU FDGD DUFKLYR HQ HO GLUHFWRULR
ftp> bin
200 Type set to I.
ftp> prompt
Interactive mode off.
ftp> mget *
local: alltags.html remote: alltags.html
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for alltags.html (328520
bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
328520 bytes received in 0.717 secs (4.5e+02 Kbytes/sec)
local: angel.jpg remote: angel.jpg
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for angel.jpg (8945
bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
8945 bytes received in 0.184 secs (48 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>
1RWH FRPR WUDMLPRV XQ DUFKLYR GH WH[WR KWPO XWLOL]DQGR XQ PRGR ELQDULR OR FRQWUDULR QR SXHGH
KDFHUVH
)WS SHUPLWH XQ PDQHMR GH GLUHFWRULRV VLPLODU D XQD FRQFKD 81,; FRPR WFVK (O FRPDQGR SZG HVWi
GLVSRQLEOH \ QRV PXHVWUD HO GLUHFWRULR GH WUDEDMR OV 5 PH SHUPLWH OLVWDU GH PDQHUD UHFXUVLYD HO
FRQWHQLGR GH VXEGLUHFWRULRV &RQ IWS WDPELpQ SRGHPRV HVSHFLILFDU HO GLUHFWRULR ORFDO HQ GRQGH
TXHUHPRV FRORFDU QXHVWURV DUFKLYRV VL HVWDPRV WUD\HQGRORV GH DOJXQ ODGR R HQ GRQGH HVWiQ ORV
DUFKLYRV TXH TXHUHPRV GHMDU 6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV GHMDU XQD FRSLD GH XQD LPDJHQ OODPDGD
DQJHOMSJ HQ HO VHUYLGRU UHPRWR \ TXH OD LPDJHQ VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HO GLUHFWRULR
aDQJHOIRWRVDQJHOMSJ
ftp> lcd ~angel/fotos
Local directory now /home/angel/fotos
ftp> bin
200 Type set to I.
ftp> put angel2.jpg
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for angel2.jpg.
226 Transfer complete.
8945 bytes sent in 0.0116 secs (7.5e+02 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>
9HDPRV ODV RSHUDFLRQHV TXH VH UHDOL]DURQ DTXt
&DPELDPRV HO GLUHFWRULR ORFDO GH aDQJHO D aDQJHOIRWRV
&RORFDPRV HO PRGR GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD HQ ELQDULR
(QYLDPRV HO DUFKLYR FRQ HO FRPDQGR SXW
7DPEtHQ SRGHPRV HQYLDU YDULRV DUFKLYRV FRQ HO FRPDQGR
VH DSOLFD DTXt
PSXW
HO FRPDQGR SURPSW RII WDPELpQ
ftp> hash
Hash mark printing on (1024 bytes/hash mark).
&RQ HO FRPDQGR KDVK SRGHPRV PRQLWRUHDU GH PDQHUD XQ SRFR PiV JUDILFD FRPR YD OD
WUDQVIHUHQFLD GHO DUFKLYR
ftp> mput *
local: ./angel2.jpg remote: ./angel2.jpg
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for ./angel2.jpg.
########
226 Transfer complete.
8945 bytes sent in 0.0108 secs (8.1e+02 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>
(Q HVWH FDVR VyOR KDEtD XQ DUFKLYR GHQWUR GHO GLUHFWRULR aDQJHOIRWRV
8Q ~OWLPR WUXFR FRQ IWS XVWHG SXHGH GDUOH RUGHQHV D OD FRQFKD GHVGH IWS XVDQGR HO FDUiFWHU ftp> !
> who
angel
> exit
exit
ftp>
ttyp0
Oct
8 20:48 (pantera.felinos.)
)tMHVH FRPR HMHFXWDPRV HO FRPDQGR ZKR HQ OD PDTXLQD ORFDO \ OXHJR YROYLPRV D IWS SDUD FRQWLQXDU
WUDEDMDQGR HQ OD PiTXLQD UHPRWD
&20$1'26 0,6&(/$1(26 3$5$ (/ 0$1(-2 '( $5&+,926
&2035,0,(1'2 $5&+,926 &21 *=,3
/RV DUFKLYRV DEXQGDQ HQ XQ VLVWHPD 81,; \ HQ YH] GH HOLPLQDUORV XQD PHMRU RSFLyQ HV
FRPSULPLUORV KDVWD TXH HVWRV YXHOYDQ D VHU QHFHVLWDGRV SDUD TXH RFXSHQ PHQRV HVSDFLR
3DUD FRPSULPLU XQ DUFKLYR FRQ J]LS HVFULED OR VLJXLHQWH
gzip -9 [archivo]
/D RSFLyQ OH GLFH D J]LS TXH DSOLTXH XQD FRPSUHVLyQ Pi[LPD DO DUFKLYR
8Q DUFKLYR FRPSULPLGR FRQ J]LS WLHQH OD H[WHQVLyQ J] DJUHJDGD DO ILQDO GHO DUFKLYR
(03$48(7$1'2 $5&+,926 &21 7$5 7$3( $5&+,9(5
/D XWLOLGDG WDU KD VLGR XWLOL]DGD EDMR 81,; SRU YDULRV DxRV /D XWLOLGDG WDU IXH GLVHxDGD SDUD FUHDU
XQ VROR DUFKLYR D SDUWLU GH YDULRV DUFKLYRV VLPLODU D SN]LS VyOR TXH WDU QR FRPSULPH ORV DUFKLYRV
/D VLQWD[LV JHQHUDO GH WDU HV
tar [opciones] [archivo]
7DU WLHQH PXFKDV RSFLRQHV QXPHURVDV \ DOJXQDV GH HOODV KDVWD FRQIXVDV
8Q HMHPSOR VLPSOH SDUD FUHDU XQ DUFKLYR HV HO VLJXLHQWH
tar cvf respaldo1.tar /home/angel
7DU PH FUHD HO DUFKLYR UHVSDOGRWDU FRQ WRGR HO FRQWHQLGR GHO GLUHFWRULR KRPHDQJHO /D RSFLRQ F
FUHDWH PH FUHD XQ DUFKLYR GHVGH FHUR \ VL HO DUFKLYR H[LVWH OR VREUHHVFULEH OD RSFLyQ Y YHUERVH
PH PXHVWUD SRU SDQWDOOD WRGRV ORV PHQVDMHV D PHGLGD TXH VH HPSDTXHWD HO DUFKLYR \ OD RSFLyQ I
ILOH PH GLFH FXDO HV HO QRPEUH GHO DUFKLYR GH VDOLGD WDU QR OH DJUHJD OD H[WHQVLyQ WDU D VXV
DUFKLYRV DXQTXH VH KDFH SRU FRQYHQFLyQ SDUD VDEHU TXH IXHURQ HPSDTXHWDGRV FRQ WDU
3DUD GHVHPSDTXHWDU XQ DUFKLYR KHFKR FRQ WDU HVFULELPRV
tar xvf [archivo.tar]
7DU VH HQFDUJD GH YROYHU D FUHDU ORV VXEGLUHFWRULRV \ GLUHFWRULRV HQ GRQGH HVWDEDQ DOPDFHQDGRV FDGD
XQR GH ORV DUFKLYRV OR TXH OR KDFH PX\ ~WLO SDUD KDFHU UHVSDOGRV
6L XVWHG OR TXH TXLHUH HV YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GHO DUFKLYR WDU DQWHV GH GHVFRPSULPLUOR HVFULED
tar tvf [archivo.tar]
%8648('$6 $9$1=$'$6 '( 3$7521(6 < $5&+,926
862 '( *5(3 3$5$ %86&$5 3$7521(6
(O FRPDQGR JUHS EXVFD HQ VX HQWUDGD OLQHDV TXH FRQWLHQHQ XQ SDWUyQ GDGR /D PD\RUtD GH ORV
XVXDULRV XWLOL]DQ JUHS SDUD EXVFDU FDGHQDV GH FDUDFWHUHV GHQWUR GH DUFKLYRV
3RU HMHPSOR VXSRQJDPRV TXH HVWDPRV LQWHUHVDGRV HQ VDEHU FXiQWDV YHFHV DSDUHFH OD SDODEUD IWS
GHQWUR GHO DUFKLYR HWFVHUYLFHV
leon:~> grep -c ftp /etc/services
3
leon:~>
2WUR XVR PX\ FRP~Q GH JUHS HV HQFRQWUDU LQIRUPDFLyQ VRODPHQWH GH FLHUWRV SURFHVRV GH XQ
XVXDULR 9HDPRV FyPR SRGHPRV VDEHU TXp SURFHVRV HVWi HMHFXWDQGR HO XVXDULR DQJHO
leon:~> ps -aux
angel
13264
angel
13297
angel
13299
angel
13300
leon:~>
| grep angel
0.3 10.0 1132
2.8 6.2
844
0.0 5.1
824
0.0 4.3
868
704
436
364
304
p0
p0
p0
p0
S
T
R
S
09:17
09:24
09:24
09:24
0:01
0:00
0:01
0:00
-tcsh
ftp tigre
ps -aux
grep angel
£(VFULED VRODPHQWH SV DX[ \ SUXHEH TXp RFXUUH
2WUR VLWLR ~WLO SDUD XVDU JUHS HV FRQ HO FRPDQGR PDQ N (Q HO HMHPSOR XWLOL]DGR SDUD PRVWUDU D\XGD
VREUH HO FDPELR GH QRPEUH GH DUFKLYRV SXGLPRV KDEHU XWLOL]DGR
leon:~> man -k rename|grep files
mv (1)
- rename files
mv (1)
- rename files
leon:~>
862 '( ),1' 3$5$ %86&$5 $5&+,926
)LQG HV XQR GH HVRV FRPDQGRV TXH OH KDFHQ SHQVDU FRPR SXGR KDEHU HVWDGR WUDEDMDQGR FRQ 81,;
VLQ KDEHUOR XWLOL]DGR XQD YH] DSUHQGLGR FODUR HVWD
)LQG ORFDOL]D DUFKLYRV TXH FXPSOHQ FRQ FLHUWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FRPXQHV ODV FXDOHV XVWHG HVSHFLILFD
HQ FXDOTXLHU SDUWH GHO VLVWHPD HQ OD FXDO XVWHG OH GLFH TXH EXVTXH )LQG WLHQH OD VLJXLHQWH VLQWD[LV
find directorios-de-busqueda-de-inicio criterios-de-busqueda-yacciones
(O XVR PiV VHQFLOOR GH ILQG HV HQFRQWUDU DUFKLYRV \ PRVWUDUQRV VX XELFDFLyQ 3RU HMHPSOR
TXHUHPRV VDEHU HQ GRQGH HVWiQ WRGRV QXHVWURV DUFKLYRV MSJ HQ HO GLUHFWRULR aDQJHO
leon:~> find ~angel -name "*.jpg" -print
/home/angel/angel.jpg
/home/angel/fotos/angel2.jpg
leon:~>
&RPR SXHGH YHU ILQG KDFH XQD E~VTXHGD UHFXUVLYD SRU WRGR HO iUERO GH GLUHFWRULR
6XSRQJDPRV TXH KDFH WUHV GLDV QRVRWURV FRSLDPRV FLHUWRV DUFKLYRV \ TXHUHPRV VDEHU FXiOHV VRQ
HVWH HV XQ HMHPSOR GH XQD EXVTXHGD UHILQDGD
leon:~> find ~angel -name "*" -atime -2 -print
/home/angel
/home/angel/X_COURSE.TGZ
/home/angel/alltags.html
/home/angel/angel.jpg
/home/angel/fotos
/home/angel/fotos/angel2.jpg
leon:~>
(O SDUiPHWUR DWLPH VLJQLILFD DUFKLYRV FX\R WLHPSR GH DFFHVR VHD PHQRU D GRV GtDV
3HUR OD XWLOLGDG GH ILQG YD PiV DOOi GH VRODPHQWH PRVWUDU OD XELFDFLyQ GH DUFKLYRV 3RGHPRV GHFLUOH
D ILQG TXH HMHFXWH FLHUWDV DFFLRQHV VREUH ORV DUFKLYRV TXH FXPSODQ FLHUWR FULWHULR 3LGiPRVOH TXH
QRV PXHVWUH HO WDPDxR \ SHUPLVRV GH ORV DUFKLYRV TXH WLHQHQ PiV GH .E HQ QXHVWUR GLUHFWRULR
leon:~> find ~angel -size +100 -exec ls -ls {} \;
139 -rw-rw-r-1 angel
users
140580 Oct 8 20:59
/home/angel/X_COURSE.TGZ
324 -rw-rw-r-1 angel
users
328520 Oct 8 21:06
/home/angel/alltags.html
leon:~>
8Q XVR PX\ ~WLO GH ILQG HV HO GH HOLPLQDU EDVXUD 3RGHPRV SHGLUOH TXH HOLPLQH ORV DUFKLYRV TXH
WHQJDQ PiV GH .E \ TXH QRV ORV PXHVWUH SRU SDQWDOOD
leon:~> find ~angel -size +100 -print -exec rm {} \;
/home/angel/X_COURSE.TGZ
/home/angel/alltags.html
leon:~>
127$ 62%5( (/ 862 '( ),1'
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DSUHQGL]DMH
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