COLUM NA VI ENTO A FAVOR LA IRRADIACIÓN COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA LA SANIDAD E INOCUIDAD ALIMENTARIA Héctor Echeverría Vásquez* Agregado Agrícola de Chile en México E OPAPATPKLNAPAJ@A@=NNAOLQAOP==EJPANNKC=JPAOREJ?QH=@=O=HPN=P=IEAJPK@Airradiación gamma como una =HPANJ=PER=L=N=IAFKN=NH=QE@AV@AH=OATLKNP=?EKJAO =HEIAJP=NE=O @A DEHA =H IQJ@K QbHAO OKJ H=O RAJP=F=O U @AORAJP=F=O@AAOPAPN=P=IEAJPKQbHAOAHAOP=PQO@AAOPA PN=P=IEAJPKAJAHIQJ@KUAJDEHAUMQÛB=?PKNAO@A>AJ PKI=NOA AJ ?QAJP= L=N= AR=HQ=N H= LKOE>HA EJPAJOE?=?EäJ @AHQOK@AAOP=PA?JKHKCß=L=N=HKO=HEIAJPKOATLKNP=>HAO !HPN=P=IEAJPK@AENN=@E=?EäJAOQJIÛPK@KL=N=LNKHKJC=N H= ?KJOANR=?EäJ @A HKO =HEIAJPKO U C=N=JPEV=NOQ O=JE@=@A EJK?QE@=@ KJOEOPAAJATLKJANAHLNK@Q?PK=QJ=@KOEOAOLA?ß?=@AAJANCß=H=MQAOANACQH=@A=?QAN@K?KJAHABA?PK MQAOAAOLAN=LNK@Q?EN=H=NC=NOQRE@=AJAH=J=MQAHO=JEPEV=NHKAOPANEV=NHKAP? !OQJLNK?A@EIEAJPKéPEHUOACQNKL=N= LNARAJENH=O!JBANIA@=@AO0N=JOIEPE@=OLKNHEIAJPKO!0 NAOL=H@=@KLKNH=+)/UH="+ En el Cuadro 1OANAANAJ=HCQJKOAFAILHKO@ALNK@Q?PKO @KOEOUABA?PKO"QAJPA"+ V=?EäJ%JPANJ=?EKJ=H@A!JANCß=PäIE?=%!?QUKOABA?PKOAJHKOOANAODQI=JKOOAD=JIKJEPKNA=@KLKNIbO@A ?Q=PNK@Û?=@=OOEJMQAOAE@AJPEMQAARE@AJ?E=?=QO=H?KJ NAOLA?PK=H=O=HQ@DQI=J= ò (=ENN=@E=?EäJAOQJ==HPANJ=PER=LANPEJAJPAL=N=H=AHEIEJ=?EäJ@AHQOK@ANKIQNK@A)APEHK)UAH"KOBQNK@A$E@NäCAJKK"KOJ=QPEHEV=@KOAJAHPN=P=IEAJPK?Q=NAJPAJ=NEK@A LNK@Q?PKO =CNß?KH=O A =?QAN@K ?KJ AH ,NKPK?KHK @A )KJPNA=HAHQOK@AH)@A>EäOANAHEIEJ=@K@AHKOL=ßOAO @AO=NNKHH=@KOAJAHLKNPN=P=NOA@AQJ=OQ>OP=J?E=MQA =CKP=H=?=L=@A+VKJK ò (KOLNA?EKO@AHOANRE?EK@AENN=@E=?EäJOKJ?KILAPEPERKOAJ NAH=?EäJ=KPNKOPN=P=IEAJPKOO=JEP=NEKO Tendencia mundial ?KJPEJQ=?EäJ ATLKJAIKO AH AOP=PQO @A =HCQJKO L=ßOAO MQAQPEHEV=JAOPALNK?A@EIEAJPKL=N=PN=P=N=HCQJKO@AOQO =HEIAJPKO Argentina. %JE?Eä AH PN=P=IEAJPK @A =HCQJKO =HEIAJPKO LKN ENN=@E=?EäJAJU?QAJP=?KJPNAOEJOP=H=?EKJAOL=N=P=H Las ventajas ABA?PK QPKNEV=H=ENN=@E=?EäJAJL=L=O=FKODKJCKOAOLbò KJPN=NE=IAJPA=HKMQALK@Nß=LAJO=NOAHKON=UKO#=II=JK NN=CKOBNQP=O@AODE@N=P=@=OUAOLA?E=OAJPNAKPNKO LNK@Q?AJN=@E=?PERE@=@LKNHKMQAJKATEOPAAHNEAOCK@AMQAHKO =HEIAJPKOENN=@E=@KOOARQAHR=JN=@E=?PERKOPäTE?KO?=J?ANßCA- Australia.LNQA>=H=ENN=@E=?EäJ@ADEAN>=OAOLA?E=OUBNQP=O PNKLE?=HAO (=ENN=@E=?EäJAOEILKLQH=NAJPNAHKO?KJOQIE@KJKOK?=QOAJI=HBKNI=?EKJAOAJMQEAJAOHKO?KJOQIAJ NAO !JAHNACEOPNäQJ?=OKEILKNP=JPA@A@EOPNE>Q?EäJ@A ò !O QJ IÛPK@K OACQNK NAOL=H@=@K LKN H= +)/ H= +NC=JEV==HEIAJPKOENN=@E=@KOU@EOPNE>QE@KOOEJAPEMQAP= ?EäJL=N=H=HEIAJP=?EäJUH=CNE?QHPQN="+UH=+NC=JE- Cuba.QAJP=?KJEJOP=H=?EKJAOL=N=ENN=@E=?EäJEJ@QOPNE=H@AO@AUPN=P==LNKTEI=@=IAJPAPELKO@A=HEIAJPKO China. /QO LNEIAN=O EJOP=H=?EKJAO L=N= ENN=@E=?EäJ @A =HEIAJPKOOA?KJOPNQUANKJAJ (=NACQH=?EäJHK?=H@=P= @AH=@Û?=@=@AHKOK?DAJP= ,=N=AHL=ßO?KJP=>=?KJ EJOP=H=?EKJAO !JAHOAENN=@E=NKJ PKJAH=@=O @A=HEIAJPKO=LNA?EKO?KILAPEPERKO Estados Unidos. QAJP= ?KJ LH=JP=O @A ENN=@E=?EäJ MQA OQAHAJQPEHEV=NOAL=N=AHPN=P=IEAJPK@AEJOQIKOIÛ@E?KO (=ENN=@E=?EäJ=HEIAJP=NE=JKAOI=OER==QJMQAATEOPAJIKREIEAJPKO?EQ@=@=JKOQJERANOE@=@AOEJOPEPQPKO@AEJRAOPEC=?EäJ=OK?E=?EKJAOCNAIE=HAO@AHOA?PKNO=HQ@AEJ@QOPNE=H MQAH=LNKIQARAJ?KIKQJB=?PKN@ALNARAJ?EäJ@AAJBANIA@=@AOPN=JOIEPE@=OLKNHKO=HEIAJPKO (=NACQH=?EäJHK?=HK>HEC==HAPEMQAP=@K@APK@KOHKOLNK@Q?PKOENN=@E=@KO EJ?HQUAJ@K OQO EJCNA@EAJPAO AOLA?ß?KO ?KIAN?E=HEV=@KO AJLQJPKO@ARAJP=@ENA?P= !JAHL=ßOOA?KIAN?E=HEV=?=NJA AOLA?E=OBNQP=OUKPNKO=HEIAJPKOENN=@E=@KO !OQJEILKNP=JPALNKIKPKN@AH=ENN=@E=?EäJ=HEIAJP=NE=AJAHIQJ@K México. 0EAJA@KOLH=JP=OENN=@E=@KN=OUKPN=O@KOAJLNK?AOK ?PQ=HIAJPAOAPN=P=J?KJJAO?Q=NAJPAJ=NEKOCQ=U=>=OUI=JCKO@AATLKNP=?EäJ=!OP=@KO1JE@KOULNKJPKOA PN=P=NbJQR=OJ=N=JF=OUI=J@=NEJ=O QAJP=?KJNA?KJK?EIEAJPK@AHIAN?=@K@A@AOPEJKL=N=P=HABA?PK !OAHPAN?AN L=ßO@AOLQÛO@AH=%J@E=U0=EH=J@E=AJNI=NQJ=?QAN@K OAIAF=JPA?KJAHL=ßO@AHJKNPA Sudáfrica.!TLKNP=HEIKJAOENN=@E=@KO=!OP=@KO1JE@KOUAJ AHBQPQNKD=NbHKLNKLEK?KJLKIb?A=O Tailandia. "QA AH LNEIAN L=ßO AJ OAN =QPKNEV=@K LKN !OP=@KO 1JE@KOL=N=QPEHEV=NH=ENN=@E=?EäJ?KIKQJPN=P=IEAJPKLANPEJAJPAL=N=PN=P=NLNK@Q?PKORACAP=HAO@AATLKNP=?EäJ=AOPA IAN?=@KP=HAO?KIKLEã=ON=I>QP=JAOUHE?DEO =@=L=ßO?QAJP=?KJOQLNKLE=NACQH=?EäJOE>EAJH=ONABANAJ?E=O @A H= Norma General del Codex para alimentos irradiadosUH=JKNI=PER=AQNKLA=OK>NAAHPAI=directivas 1999/e/EC y 1999/3·ECBQJ?EKJ=J?KIKNABANAJ?E=AJAH?=OK @AHKOL=ßOAOMQAJK?QAJP=J?KJJKNI=OAOLA?ß?=O !JOßJPAOEO?=@=@ß=OKJIbOH=OJ=?EKJAOMQAEILHAIAJP=J H=ENN=@E=?EäJ?KIKIA@E@=L=N=LNKPACANH=O=HQ@@AH?KJOQIE@KN J=H KIK ?KJOA?QAJ?E= @AH ,NKPK?KHK @A )KJPNA=H OAAOPEI=QJ?NA?EIEAJPK@AHKOIAN?=@KOMQAATECENbJH=EILHAIAJP=?EäJ@APN=P=IEAJPKO=HPANJ=PERKOL=N=C=N=JPEV=NH= O=JE@=@@AHKO=HEIAJPKO@A=DßMQAOARQAHR=@AOA=>HAUJA?AO=NE=H=AR=HQ=?EäJ@AAOP==HPANJ=PER=QKPN=OMQAJKOQLNEI=J H=?=L=@A+VKJKJENAOQHPAJLANFQ@E?E=HAOL=N=HKOOANAORERKO JAO@AHKOOAPAJP=AHL=ßO?QAJP=?KJQJ=LH=JP=@AENN=@E=?EäJ @AH=KIEOEäJDEHAJ=@A!JANCß=*Q?HA=N$!*UAJAH EJE?Eä OQO KLAN=?EKJAO H= KIL=ãß= DEHAJ= @A !OPANEHEV=?EäJ !joint ventureAJPNA"QJ@=?EäJDEHAUH=KIL=ãß=N=OEHAã=@A!OPANEHEV=?EäJMQA?QAJP=?KJEJOP=H=?EKJAOAJ$QA?DQN=>= !OP=O LH=JP=O ENN=@E=J AJPNA KPN=O PEO=J=O AOLA?E=O =HEIAJPKO@AODE@N=P=@KOLNK@Q?PKO@AHI=N?KJCAH=@KOUOÛIKH= HCQJKO@AAOPKOLNK@Q?PKOOAATLKNP=JUKPNKOOA@AOPEJ=J =H IAN?=@K J=?EKJ=H LQA@AJ E@AJPE?=NOA LKNMQA H= APEMQAP= @A>AEJ@E?=NMQAAH=HEIAJPKBQAPN=P=@K?KJAJANCß=EKJEV=JPA Conclusiones ò (=PAJ@AJ?E=IQJ@E=HJKOLKJAOK>NA=REOK=JPAHAJA?AOE@=@ @AAHEIEJ=NAHQOK@A)U=H=L=NLNKPACANH=O=HQ@@AH=OLANOKJ=O 1J==HPANJ=PER=?QUKOLNKU?KJPN=D=J@AR=HKN=NOAAO H=ENN=@E=?EäJ DEHA?QAJP=?KJ>=OAOL=N=?KIAJV=N=JACK?E=NLH=JAO@APN=>=FKDKNPKBNQPß?KH=OMQA?KJOE@ANAJH=ENN=@E=?EäJ?KIK=HPANJ=PER==HNKIQNK@A)APEHK (=LKOE>EHE@=@ @A=R=JV=NAJAOP=I=PANE=@ALAJ@A@AH=OAJOE>EHE@=@@AH=O =QPKNE@=@AOUAHOA?PKNLNER=@K@AHbI>EPK=HEIAJP=NEK=?QUKO NALNAOAJP=JPAO?KJRK?=IKO==J=HEV=NU@EO?QPENAHPAI= ò ,=N=MQAQJLNK@Q?PKENN=@E=@KLQA@=EJPANJ=NOAAJQJIAN?=@KEJPANJ=?EKJ=HAOLNA?EOKMQAAHL=ßO@A@AOPEJK=?ALPA AOPA PN=P=IEAJPK ?KIK QJ= IA@E@= ?Q=NAJPAJ=NE= HACßPEI= !HHKRQAHRAEJ@EOLAJO=>HAAHPN=>=FKOEOPAIbPE?K@AH=O=QPKNE@=@AO ?KILAPAJPAO AJ AH L=ßO @A KNECAJ L=N= LNAOAJP=N H= =NCQIAJP=?EäJPÛ?JE?=IbO=@A?Q=@=U>NEJ@=NH=OC=N=JPß=O MQA?KNNAOLKJ@=JD=OP=AHIKIAJPK@AH==QPKNEV=?EäJ ò (=>E>HEKCN=Bß=JKOLNKRAA@AARE@AJ?E=OAJ?Q=JPK=H=ABA?PERE@=@ @A AOPA LNK?A@EIEAJPK L=N= LNKPACAN H= O=HQ@ @AH ?KJOQIE@KN MQEAJ OEAJ@K @A>E@=IAJPA EJBKNI=@K =?AN?= @AH PN=P=IEAJPK MQA D= PAJE@K AH LNK@Q?PK U OQO LKOE>HAO ABA?PKOLK@NbKLP=NHE>NAIAJPAAJPNA=HEIAJPKOENN=@E=@KO KJK !OPKOäHKOANbLKOE>HA?KJ?=IL=ã=OEJBKNI=PER=O?H=N=OUPN=JOL=NAJPAO ò !H@A>=PAAJPKNJK=H=OACQNE@=@@AHKO=HEIAJPKOENN=@E=@KO ?KJPEJé=LKNHKMQAHKOPKI=@KNAO@A@A?EOEKJAOD=>NbJ@A OANOAJOE>HAO=H@EbHKCK?KJH=OK?EA@=@?EREHKNC=JEV=@=OK>NA PK@KAJAH?=OK@AHKOCNQLKOLNKIKPKNAO@AH=I>EAJP=HEOIK =F= ,=L=O?A>KHH=O=FKOCAJCE>NA AOEJBAOP=?EäJ@AEJOA?PKOUL=NbOEPKO =F= ANA=HAOBNQP=O@AODE@N=P=@=OUBNAO?=OLAO?=@KU?=NJA@AODE@N=P=@KO .APN=OKAJH=I=@QN=?EäJ@AHLNK@Q?PK =F= "NQP=BNAO?= ILHE=?EäJ@ARE@=@A=J=MQAH )A@E= ,AO?=@KBNAO?KBNQP=DKJCKO !HEIEJ=?EäJ@AIE?NKKNC=JEOIKOL=PäCAJKO )A@E= =NJALAO?=@KOUI=NEO?KO?KJCAH=@KO El contexto en Chile Fuentes $!*KJOQHP=AOLA?ß?=NA=HEV=@=AH@ABA>NANK@AH "++)/ Facts About Food Irradiation. A series of Fact Sheets from the International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation2EAJ= "KK@ Ó 3=PAN 3=P?D /P=PQO KB "KK@ %NN=@E=PEKJ NKQJ@ PDA 3KNH@ AJ DPPLSSS BKK@=J@S=PANS=P?D KNC?KJOQHP=@KAH@A@E?EAI>NA@AH )/*KN@EKJ$EOPKNUKB"KK@%NN=@E=PEKJAJDPPLSSS I@OJKN@EKJ ?KI?KJOQHP=@K AH@A@E?EAI>NA@AH /!.* %NN=@E=?EäJ@A=HEIAJPKO %JBKNI=?EäJ=H?KJOQIE@KNOK>NAAHOECJE?=@K@AH tratamiento con energía ionizante/=JPE=CK !OPANEHEV=?EäJEJ@QOPNE=H HP= =NJALAO?=@KOUI=NEO?KO?KIE@=OLNAL=N=@=O@EAP=O@ADKOLEP=H HP= !OLA?E=OLNAL=N=?EKJAO?KJAJVEI=O !JDEHAH=NACQH=?EäJNAH=PER==H=ENN=@E=?EäJ=HEIAJP=NE=AOPb ?KJPAJE@=AJAHReglamento sanitario de los alimentos AO@A *El autor de este texto agradece la colaboración de Cristóbal Salinas para la elabora?EäJ@AH=RANOEäJJ=H@AH@K?QIAJPK. AJA?EK Dosis Ejemplo de producto %JDE>E?EäJ@A>NKPAOAJPQ>ÛN?QHKO AO?KJP=IEJ=?EäJ Cuadro 14