VERBOS IRREGULARES INFINITIVO alight arise awake be bear beat become beget begin bend bereave beseech beset bet bid bide bind bite bleed bless blow break breed PASADO PARTICIPIO GERUNDIO SIGNIFICADO SIMPLE DE PASADO (V-INF + ING) alit alit Apearse/Descender/Posarse alighting alighted alighted arose arisen arising Surgir/Levantarse awoke awoken Despertar/Darse cuenta awaking awaked awaked de algo was been being Ser/Estar… were Dar a luz borne bore bearing /Aguantar/Resistir/ born Dar fruto beat Golpear beat beating beaten Batir (alas o a alguien) became become becoming Llegar a ser begot begotten begetting Provocar/Engendrar Empezar/Comenzar/ began begun beginning Iniciar Torcer/Doblar/Curvar/ bent bent bending Flexionar/Ceder bereaved bereaved Despojar a alguien de bereaving bereft bereft algo (literario) besought besought, beseeching Suplicar/Rogar/Implorar beseeched beseeched beset beset besetting Acosar/Acuciar bet bet betting Apostar betted betted bade bade / bid bidding Pujar/Declarar/Ofrecer bid bidden bade “Bide awhile” (Detente bided biding bided un momento) Atar/Amarrar bound bound binding “Bind up”: Vendar bit bitten biting Morder/Picar Sangrar/Exudar savia/ bled bled bleeding Purgar (radiador) blessed blessed blessing Bendecir *blest *blest Soplar blew blown blowing “Blow up”: Explotar Romper broke broken breaking “break rules”: Infringir las reglas Criar (animales) bred bred breeding Engendrar o Generar (enfermedades) 1 INFINITIVO PASADO SIMPLE bring brought brought broadcast broadcasted built burnt burned broadcast broadcasted built burnt burned burst burst buy bust busted bought bust busted bought *can *could ---- ---- *can *canned *canned *canning cast cast cast casting catch caught caught catching choose chose chosen choosing cleave cleft/*clove cleaved cleft / *cloven cleaved cleaving clung clothed clad come cost clinging clothing Vestir come cost clung clothed clad came cost Transmitir/Emitir/ Difundir Construir/Edificar Arder/Quemar/ Incendiar Reventar(se)/ Desatarse(tormenta) Romper o Estropearse (una máquina) Comprar Ser capaz de/Poder (verbo modal) Enlatar/Preparar conservas de Emitir (voto) Asignar (papel en Cine o teatro) Agarrar/Coger/Atrapar/ Tomar (avión o tren) Elegir/Escoger Hender/Partir/Rajarse “Cleave to sb/sth”:serle fiel a alguien o algo Pegarse/Adherirse coming costing creep crept crept creeping crow crowed cut deal cut dealt deepfroze deepfreezed crowed *crew cut dealt deepfrozen deepfreezed cutting dealing Venir Costar Arrastrarse “Creep to sb”: hacerle la pelota a alguien Cacarear/Pavonearse/ Alardear Cortar/Segar/Acortar Dar o Repartir (Cartas) deepfreezing Ultracongelar dug dug digging Cavar/Excavar/ “Dig sth into sth”:Clavar algo en algo dived diving Zambullirse/Sumergirse done drawn doing drawing Hacer Dibujar/Pintar broadcast build burn burst bust cling clothe deepfreeze dig dive do draw dived dove did drew PARTICIPIO GERUNDIO DE PASADO (V-INF + ING) bringing broadcasting building burning bursting busting buying 2 crowing SIGNIFICADO Traer/Atraer “bring up”: Criar (un niño) eat fall PASADO SIMPLE dreamed dreamt drank drove dwelt dwelled ate fell feed fed fed feeding feel felt felt feeling fight find fought found fought found fighting finding flee fled fled fleeing fling fly flung flown *forbid forbidden forecast forecasted forgotten forgiven forgone flinging flying forbidding Prohibir/Impedir forecasting Pronosticar/Prever forget forgive forgo flung flew forbad forbade forecast forecasted forgot forgave forwent Beber Conducir/Pilotar Morar o Vivir (en literatura) Comer Caer(se) Dar de comer/ Alimentar(se) Sentir(se)/ Encontrarse(de estado) Luchar/Combatir/Pelear Encontrar(se) algo Huir/Escapar/ Darse a la fuga Lanzar (con violencia) Volar forgetting forgiving forgoing forsake forsook forsaken forsaking freeze froze *gelt gelded freezing Olvidar(se) Perdonar Privarse de/Renunciar a Abandonar o Renunciar (en literatura) Helar(se)/Congelar(se) gelding Castrar getting Conseguir/Obtener “get + V-ing”: empezar a INFINITIVO dream drink drive dwell forbid forecast PARTICIPIO GERUNDIO DE PASADO (V-INF + ING) dreamed dreaming dreamt drunk drinking driven driving dwelt dwelling dwelled eaten eating fallen falling SIGNIFICADO “dream about/of”: soñar con… give *gilt gilded gave gnaw gnawed go went frozen *gelt gelded got gotten *gilt gilded given gnawed *gnawn gone grind ground ground grinding grip *gript gripped *gript gripped gripping Agarrar/Sujetar/Adherirse grow grew grown growing Crecer/Madurar/ Aumentar/Cultivar “Grow up”: Criarse geld get gild got giving Dorar (dar color dorado) Dar/Entregar gnawing Roer (animales) going Ir Moler/Machacar/Pulir/ Rechinar/Pulverizar gilding 3 INFINITIVO PASADO SIMPLE PARTICIPIO DE PASADO (V-INF + ING) hamstring hamstrung hamstrung hamstringing hang have hear hung had heard hove heaved hung had heard hove heaved *hewn hewed *hid hidden hanging having hearing heave GERUNDIO heaving SIGNIFICADO Estar atado de pies y manos Colgar/Tender/Ahorcar Tener/Tomar Oír/Escuchar Mover con esfuerzo /Tirar/Virar hew hewed hide hid hit hit hit hitting hold held held holding hurt hurt hurt hurting keep kept kept keeping knelt kneeled knit knitted known laid knitting Tejer/Hacer punto know lay knelt kneeled knit knitted knew laid knowing laying lead led led leading Saber/Conocer Poner (ex: la mesa) Llevar/Guiar/ Conducir (a alguien) lean leant leaned leant leaned leaning Apoyar(se) leap leapt leaped leapt leaped leaping Saltar/Brincar “Leap at sth”: no dejar pasar algo learnt learned left learning Aprender leave learnt learned left leaving lend lent lent lending let let let letting lie lay lain lying Dejar/Marchar Prestar/ Dejar (prestado) Dejar/Permitir Mentir/Tumbarse/ Tenderse lose lit lighted lost lit lighted lost make made made making *may *might ---- ---- mean meant meant meaning kneel knit learn light hewing Extraer/Labrar/Tallar hiding Esconder(se)/Tapar kneeling lighting losing 4 Golpear/Atacar/ Dar un golpe Agarrar/Aguantar/ Sujetar Hacer daño/ Doler/Herir Guardar/Conservar/ Mantener Arrodillarse/ Ponerse de rodillas Encender(se)/Prender/ Iluminar Perder/Atrasar (reloj) Hacer/Confeccionar/ Preparar(pastel,café…) Poder/Quizás (verbo modal) Significar/Querer decir INFINITIVO PASADO SIMPLE PARTICIPIO DE PASADO (V-INF + ING) meet met met meeting Encontrarse con/ Conocer a alguien melt melted melted molten melting Derretirse/Fundirse/ Ablandarse miscast miscast miscast miscasting Darle un papel inapropiado a (actor) mislead misled misled misleading GERUNDIO misspelt misspelling misspelled mistake mistaken mistaking misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood misunderstanding mowed mow mowed mowing mown misspell misspelt misspelled mistook offset offset offset offsetting pay paid paid paying pent penned pled pleaded prove proved put ride put quit quitted read rent rid ridded rode pent penned pled pleaded proved proven put quit quitted read rent rid ridded ridden ring rang rung ringing rise rose risen rising run ran run running saw sawed sawed sawn sawing say said said saying see saw seen seeing seek sought sought seeking pen plead quit read rend rid 5 penning pleading proving putting quitting reading rending ridding riding SIGNIFICADO Engañar/ Inducir a error Escribir mal/ Deletrear mal Confundir Comprender mal Segar Compensar/ Deducir algo Pagar/Saldar/Abonar/ Prestar atención Redactar/Componer/ Escribir Alegar/Suplicar Probar/Demostrar/ Verificar Poner/Colocar Dejar/Abandonar/ Marcharse de Leer Rasgar/Desgarrar Eliminar/ Quitar/ Limpiar (de algo) Ir o Montar en Sonar/Repicar/ Llamar al timbre Subir/Elevarse/ Levantarse Correr/ Tomar parte en Cortar (con sierra) Decir (algo a alguien) Ver Buscar/ Tratar de encontrar sell send set PASADO SIMPLE sold sent set sew sewed shake shook shaken shaking *shall *should ---- ---- shear sheared sheared shorn shearing Esquilar/Cortar (pelo) shed shed shed shedding Derramar (lágrimas)/ Mudar (piel, pelo) shine Relucir/Brillar shitting Cagar (vulgarismo) shoeing Herrar shooting Disparar/Chutar show showed showing Mostrar/Enseñar shut sing sink shred shredded shrank shrunk shut sang sank shone shit/shat shitted shod shoed shot showed shown shred shredded shrunk shrunken shut sung sunk shining shoot shone shit/shat shitted shod shoed shot sit sat sat sitting slay slew slain slaying sleep slept slept sleeping slide slid slid sliding sling slung slung slinging slink slunk slunk slinking slit slit slit slitting smell smelt smelled smelt smelled smelling INFINITIVO shit shoe shred shrink PARTICIPIO DE PASADO sold sent set sewed sewn 6 GERUNDIO (V-INF + ING) SIGNIFICADO selling sending setting Vender Mandar/Enviar Poner/Colocar sewing Coser shredding shrinking shutting singing sinking Agitar/Sacudir/ Temblar/Zarandear (verbo modal, tiempo futuro) Cortar (en tiras)/ Rallar/Triturar Encoger/Disminuir/ Reducir Cerrar Cantar/Silbar (tetera) Hundirse Sentar(se)/ Estar ubicado Asesinar de muerte a (literatura) Dormir Deslizarse/ Resbalar(se) Tirar/Lanzar/Arrojar (manera coloquial) “slink off/away”: Escabullirse/ Escaparse Cortar/ Rajar (México) Oler/Olfatear smite PASADO SIMPLE smote sow sowed speak spoke sped speeded spelt spelled INFINITIVO speed spell spend PARTICIPIO GERUNDIO DE PASADO (V-INF + ING) smitten smiting sowed sowing sown spoken speaking sped speeding speeded spelt spelling spelled spent spent spending spilt spilled spun *span spit spat spilt spilled spilling spun spinning spit spat spitting split split split splitting spoil spoilt spoiled spoilt spoiled spoiling spread spread spread spreading spring sprang sprung sprung springing stand stood stood standing steal stole stolen stealing stick stuck stuck sticking sting stung stung stinging stink stank stunk stunk stinking stride strode strid/strode stridden striding strike struck struck striking string strung strung stringing strove strived swore sweat sweated swept striven strived sworn sweat sweated swept spill spin spit strive swear sweat sweep striving 7 SIGNIFICADO Golpear (literatura) Sembrar/Plantar “Speak to”: Hablar Acelerar/Ir a exceso de velocidad Deletrear Gastar (Dinero)/ Pasar (el tiempo) Derramar(se)/Verter/ Volcar Hacer girar o bailar/ Centrifugar Escupir Partir/Dividir/ Escindir Estropear/Arruinar/ Echarse a perder/ Malcriar Desplegar/Extender/ Esparcir/Difundir Saltar/Surgir/Brotar/ Provenir de (+ From) Estar de pie/ Permanecer Robar/Hurtar Pegar (algo con pegamento) Picar/Hacer Escocer/ Hacer Arder Apestar Ir/Venir/Bajar dando grandes zancadas (+UP/DOWN/AWAY) Pegarle/Golpearle Encordar/Enhebrar/ Tender Luchar o Esforzarse por alcanzar algo swearing Decir palabrotas/Jurar sweating Sudar/Transpirar sweeping Barrer/Peinar (área) INFINITIVO PASADO SIMPLE swell swelled swim swam PARTICIPIO DE PASADO swollen swelled swum swing swung swung swinging take took taken taking teach tear taught tore telecast telecasted taught torn telecast telecasted teaching tearing tell told told telling think thought thriven thrived thrown Thinking throw thought throve thrived threw thrust thrust thrust thrusting tread trod trod trodden treading underbid underbid underbid underbidding undergo understand underwent understood undergone understood undergoing understanding undertake undertook undertaken undertaking underwrite underwrote underwritten underwriting uphold upheld upheld upholding upset upset upset upsetting woken waked worn waking Despertar wear woke waked wore wearing Llevar puesto (ropa) weave wove woven weaving Tejer/Entretejer/ Serpentear/Zigzaguear wed wedded wept wet wetted won wound withdrew wed wedded wept wet wetted won wound withdrawn wedding Casarse con weeping Llorar wetting Mojar/Humedecer winning winding withdrawing Ganar/Conseguir Dejar sin aliento Retirar(se)/Apartar telecast thrive wake wed weep wet win wind withdraw 8 GERUNDIO (V-INF + ING) SIGNIFICADO swelling Hinchar/Crecer/Subir swimming Nadar Balancearse/ Columpiarse Coger/Tomar/ Agarrar/Llevar Enseñar/Dar clases Romper/Rasgar Transmitir/emitir/ Televisar Contar/Decir (a alguien algo) Pensar/Creer Prosperar/Crecer con fuerza/Desarrollarse Lanzar/Arrojar Empujar/Clavar/ Sacar/Dar estocadas telecasting thriving throwing Pisar Hacer una oferta más baja Sufrir Entender/Interpretar Asumir/Emprender/ Acometer Asegurar/Financiar/ Avalar Conservar/Mantener Disgustar/Ofender/ Alterar/Afectar INFINITIVO PASADO SIMPLE PARTICIPIO DE PASADO (V-INF + ING) withhold withheld withheld withholding withstand withstood withstood withstanding wring wrung wrung wringing write wrote written writing GERUNDIO SIGNIFICADO Retener/Ocultar(verdad)/ No revelar Resistir/Soportar/ Aguantar Escurrir/Retorcer/ Estrujar Escribir - Las formas verbales que delante suya lleven un asterisco (*) significan que son o verbos modales o una forma arcaica, que por lo general no se suele usar. - “sb” significa ‘somebody’ y quiere decir que detrás del verbo o de la preposición que acompañe al verbo hay que poner una persona, ya sea nombre, pronombre en caso objeto… - “st” significa ‘something’. 9