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PENAL. 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No se dará trámite a la acción de inconstitucionalidad en cuestiones no justiciables, ni a la demanda que no precise la norma constitucional afectada, ni justifique la lesión concreta que le ocasiona la ley, acto normativo, sentencia definitiva o interlocutoria". (OVHQWLGROLWHUDO\OyJLFRTXHH[SUHVDODQRUPDVHFLxHDHOHPHQWRVTXHGHEH UHXQLU HO HMHUFLFLR GH OD DFFLyQ FRPR GHUHFKR GH DFXGLU D OD MXULVGLFFLyQ HQ IRUPD LQH[RUDEOH D ORV HIHFWRV GH SHUPLWLU HO HVWXGLR \ GHFLVLyQ GHO SODQWHDPLHQWR GHO LQWHUHVDGR QRV UHIHULPRV D OD legitimatio ad processum, HQWHQGLGD FRPR HO , FXPSOLPLHQWR SRU SDUWH GHO SUHWHQGLHQWH GH ORV SUHVXSXHVWRV TXH SHUPLWDQ GLVFHUQLU prima facie HO GHUHFKR GH DFFLRQDU HQ GHWHUPLQDGRV FDVRV TXH HV XQD SRWHVWDG UHVHUYDGDDODVSHUVRQDVSDUDDFXGLUDQWHORVyUJDQRVMXULVGLFFLRQDOHVDORVHIHFWRVGH KDFHUYDOHUVXVSUHWHQVLRQHV7DOFRQVLGHUDFLyQVXUJHGHORTXHSUHYpHODUWtFXORGH OD&RQVWLWXFLyQ1DFLRQDOTXHVXMHWDDUHJODPHQWDFLyQHQFXDQWRDODVFRQGLFLRQHVTXH SHUPLWLUiPRWLYDUXQSURQXQFLDPLHQWRMXGLFLDOUHVSHFWRDODVROLFLWXGGHODFWRUHQHVWH FDVRVXMHWRHVWULFWDPHQWHDORTXHVHHQWLHQGHFRPRigualdad de acceso a la justicia, SULQFLSLRWDPELpQGHUDLJDPEUHFRQVWLWXFLRQDO /DVOH\HVGHSURFHGLPLHQWRVRQORVLQVWUXPHQWRVTXHUHJXODQODVPRGDOLGDGHV \ORVSOD]RVSDUDTXHODVSHUVRQDVHMHU]DQHVWHGHUHFKRGHSHWLFLRQDUDODVDXWRULGDGHV \HQHVHVHQWLGRHODUWtFXORGHOD/H\1HVXQSUHFHSWRXELFDGRGHQWURGH GLFKDyUELWDTXHVHxDODODLQGLVSHQVDELOLGDGGHORVSUHVXSXHVWRVGHOHJLWLPLGDGDQWHV LQGLYLGXDOL]DGRVSDUDTXHODDFFLyQLQWHQWDGDPHUH]FDHODQiOLVLVGHDTXHOODSRUSDUWH GHORVyUJDQRVMXULVGLFFLRQDOHVFRPSHWHQWHV /DVIRUPDVSURFHVDOHVLPSXHVWDVSRUQXHVWURRUGHQDPLHQWRULWXDOFRQVWLWX\HQ XQR GH ORV DVSHFWRV WUDVFHQGHQWHV TXH QR SXHGHQ REYLDUVH \D TXH OD QDWXUDOH]D GHO HMHUFLFLR GH OD SHWLFLyQ SRU YtD GH XQD DFFLyQ HPLQHQWHPHQWH MXGLFLDO OD WRUQDQ PiV SUHFLVD WpFQLFD \ UHJODPHQWDULVWD TXH FRQJOREDQ HO VLJXLHQWH UD]RQDPLHQWR QR WRGD SHWLFLyQDEVWUDFWD\FDUHQWHGHUHTXLVLWRVHOHPHQWDOHVTXHVHSODQWHHDQWHORVyUJDQRV MXULVGLFFLRQDOHV GHEH LQHOXFWDEOHPHQWH PRWLYDU XQ WUiPLWH D ORV HIHFWRV GH VX FXOPLQDFLyQSRUYtDGHXQDVHQWHQFLDGHILQLWLYD (Q HO FDVR WUDtGR D FRQRFLPLHQWR GH HVWD &RUWH OD DFFLyQ GH LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDG SODQWHDGD SRU OD WLWXODULGDG GHO 0LQLVWHULR 3~EOLFR FDUHFH GH OHJLWLPDFLyQ SURFHVDO \D TXH ODV QRUPDV LQYRFDGDV FRPR VXSXHVWDPHQWH YXOQHUDGDV VH UHILHUHQ D GLVSRVLFLRQHV UHODFLRQDGDV D derechos constitucionales VXVFHSWLEOHV GH UHJODPHQWDFLyQ VLHPSUH \ FXDQGR HO UHVSHFWLYR UHJODPHQWR &yGLJR /H\ DFWR QRUPDWLYR HWF QR FRQIURQWH XQ DSDUWDPLHQWR WDQ PDQLILHVWR TXH VH UHSXWHQ FODUD H LQFRQWHVWDEOHPHQWHDUELWUDULRV(VHYLGHQWHTXHHOGHUHFKRGHLJXDOGDG\VXYLQFXODQWH JDUDQWtD GH LJXDOGDG GH DFFHVR D OD MXVWLFLD VRQ SDXWDV HOHPHQWDOHV SUHYLVWDV SDUD SRVLELOLWDUODFRQYLYHQFLDGHPRFUiWLFDTXHUHSHOHWUDWDPLHQWRVGHVLJXDOHV\SRUHQGH UHSXGLDFXDOTXLHUGLVFULPLQDFLyQIXQGDGDHQPRWLYRVREYLRVFRPRHOVH[RODUD]DODV FUHHQFLDVRFXDOTXLHURWUDFDOLGDGH[WHUQDTXHSUHVHQWDQORVVHUHVKXPDQRVDTXLHQHV VHFRQVLGHUDOLEUHVHLJXDOHVSRUVXVRODFRQGLFLyQGHWDOHV /RVSUHFHSWRVGHOD/H\1TXHFRQFUHWDPHQWHFROLVLRQDUtDQFRQORV DUWtFXORV\QXPHUDOGHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQ1DFLRQDOVRQ $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< (ODUWtFXORGHO&33GLFH "DURACIÓN MÁXIMA. Toda persona tendrá derecho a una resolución judicial definitiva en un plazo razonable. Por lo tanto, todo procedimiento tendrá una duración máxima de tres años, contados desde el primer acto del procedimiento. Este plazo sólo se podrá extender por seis meses más cuando exista una sentencia condenatoria, afín de permitir la tramitación de los recursos. La fuga o rebeldía del imputado interrumpirá el plazo de duración del procedimiento. Cuando comparezca o sea capturado, se re iniciará el plazo" . (O DUWtFXOR GHO &33 GLFH "EFECTOS. Vencido el plazo previsto en el artículo anterior el juez o tribunal, de oficio o a petición de parte, declarará extinguida la acción penal, conforme lo previsto por este código. Cuando se declare la extinción de la acción penal por morosidad judicial, la víctima deberá ser indemnizada por los funcionarios responsables y por el Estado. Se presumirá la negligencia de los funcionarios actuantes, salvo prueba en contrario. En caso de insolvencia del funcionario, responderá directamente el Estado, sin perjuicio de su derecho a repetir" (ODUWtFXORGHO&33GLFH"MOTIVOS DE EXTINCIÓN. La acción penal se extinguirá: 1)...; 2)...; 3) por el vencimiento del plazo previsto en el artículo 136 de este Código... ". /DVQRUPDVVHxDODGDVQRSDUHFHQLUUD]RQDEOHV\SRUHQGHVHDMXVWDQDORTXH HQWLHQGHFRPRtest de razonabilidad\DTXHODVPLVPDVVHFLxHQDORTXHSUHYpQORV SULQFLSLRV UHSXEOLFDQRV GH JRELHUQR TXH VH LQVSLUDQ HQ GRV UHTXLVLWRV HVHQFLDOHV D VDEHUDODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHORVIXQFLRQDULRVS~EOLFRV\EODOLPLWDFLyQWHPSRUDOGH ORVDFWRVGHJRELHUQR /D IXQFLyQ MXGLFLDO QR HVFDSD D OD HVIHUD GH ORV SULQFLSLRV UHSXEOLFDQRV GH UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHQHOHMHUFLFLRSRUSDUWHGHVXVHQFDUJDGRV\ODOLPLWDFLyQWHPSRUDOGH ORV SURFHVRV SRU OR TXH VH VXEHQWLHQGH TXH XQD SURORQJDFLyQ LUUDFLRQDO GH DTXHOORV FRQVWLWXLUtDXQFODURPHQRVFDERGHOSULQFLSLRUHSXEOLFDQRHQHOTXHVHLQVSLUDQXHVWUD /H\)XQGDPHQWDO &RQIRUPH D OR DFRWDGR OR TXH FDEH SUHJXQWDUVH DTXt HV OR VLJXLHQWH ¢/D GXUDFLyQ Pi[LPD GHO SURFHVR SHQDO HV XQD GHFLVLyQ DSDUWDGD GH OR QRUPDGR HQ OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ R FXDQWR PHQRV HV XQD SURORQJDFLyQ LQQHFHVDULD GH ODV GHQRPLQDGDV JDUDQWtDVSURFHVDOHVHQXQFLDGDVHQIRUPDFDWDORJDGDHQHODUWtFXORGHODPLVPD" $QDOL]DQGRHODOFDQFHGHODVJDUDQWtDVQRPLQDGDVGHOGHELGRSURFHVRSHQDOHQ HO DUWtFXOR GH OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ 1DFLRQDO VH SXHGH OHHU FXDQWR VLJXH "...10) el acceso, por sí o por intermedio de su defensor, a las actuaciones procesales, las cuales en ningún caso podrán ser secretas para ellos. EL SUMARIO NO SE PROLONGARÁ MÁS ALLÁ DEL PLAZO ESTABLECIDO POR LA LEY" /D VROD PHQFLyQGHXQDOLPLWDFLyQWHPSRUDOGHOSURFHVRTXHVHHOHYDDODFDWHJRUtDGHJDUDQWtD SURFHVDOHVVXPDPHQWHUHYHODGRU\DTXHHYLGHQFLDTXHORVFRQVWLWX\HQWHVSHUJHxDURQ XQD YROXQWDG LUUHIXWDEOH HO FXPSOLPLHQWR GH ODV SDXWDV GH XQ GHELGR SURFHVR SHQDO GHQWUR GH XQ ODSVR SUHGHWHUPLQDGR SRU OD OH\ HQ HVWH FDVR HO &yGLJR GH 3URFHGLPLHQWRV 3HQDOHV GH SRGUtD PLWLJDUVH GLFKD H[LJHQFLD KLSRWpWLFDPHQWH VRVWHQLHQGR TXH VH KDEOD GHO VXPDULR \ QR GHO SURFHVR LQWHJUDO DXQTXH RFLRVR VHUtD UHFRUGDU TXH HVWD HV XQD ORFXFLyQ IXHUD GHO FRQWH[WR DFWXDO GHO HVTXHPD SURFHVDO YLJHQWHGHVGHHODxR\DTXHHQRFDVLyQGHVDQFLRQDUVHOD &RQVWLWXFLyQGHODxR UHJtDHO&yGLJRGH3URFHGLPLHQWRV3HQDOHVGHGHFRUWHLQTXLVLWLYR\TXH UHFRQRFtD D OD HWDSD GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ FRPR HO 680$5,2 HULJLpQGRVH pVWD HQ OD SULQFLSDOFDXVDGHODHWHUQL]DFLyQGHORVSURFHVRVSHQDOHVFRQODVJUDYHVGLVWRUVLRQHV -85,6358'(1&,$&2167,78&,21$/ SXQWXDOL]DGDV HQ UHFRQRFLGRV WUDEDMRV QDFLRQDOHV H LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV DFHUFD GH OD VLWXDFLyQGHODMXVWLFLDSHQDODODOX]GHOFyGLJRLQTXLVLWLYR 'HMDQGRDWUiVODVGLIHUHQFLDVGHYRFDEORVHPSOHDGRVORTXHVtSXHGHERUGDUVH HV TXH OD SRVLFLyQ GH ORV FRQVWLWX\HQWHV QR HUD RWUD TXH OD ILMDFLyQ GH OtPLWHV HQ HO WLHPSRGHGXUDFLyQGHWRGRSURFHVRSHQDOFRQIRUPHODUHJXODFLyQTXHDGRSWHODOH\ SURFHVDOFRQODILQDOLGDGGHFRPEDWLUHOUHWDUGRLQMXVWLILFDGRGHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGH MXVWLFLD VHJXUDPHQWH EDMR OD LGHD SOHQDPHQWH FRPSDUWLGD HQ HO PXQGR MXUtGLFR GHPRFUiWLFR GH TXH OD MXVWLFLD TXH VH H[SUHVD WDUGtDPHQWH HTXLYDOH VHQFLOODPHQWH D XQD FRQVDJUDFLyQ GH OD LQMXVWLFLD $ PiV GH HVWD FRQVDELGD SUHRFXSDFLyQ GH ORV FRQVWLWX\HQWHVWDPSRFRHQFXHQWURXQREVWiFXORSDUDH[WHQGHUORVDOFDQFHVGHODUWtFXOR QXPHUDO GH OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ D OD LQWHJULGDG GHO SURFHVR SHQDO \D TXH WDO DPSOLWXGSRGUtDSHUIHFWDPHQWHDGPLQLVWUDUVHVREUHODEDVHGHORTXHSUHYpHODUWtFXOR GHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQ1DFLRQDOTXHGLFH"DE LOS DERECHOS Y GARANTÍAS NO ENUNCIADOS. La enunciación de los derechos y garantías contenidos en esta Constitución no debe entenderse como negación de otros que, siendo inherentes a la personalidad humana, no figuren expresamente en ella. La falta de ley reglamentaria no podrá ser invocada para negar ni para menoscabar algún derecho o garantía" . /D DPSOLWXG GH OD JDUDQWtD GH XQD GXUDFLyQ UD]RQDEOH GHO SURFHVR HQ FRQFRUGDQFLDFRQORVSUHFHSWRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVDQWHVLQGLYLGXDOL]DGRVODFRQILHUHHO 3DFWR GH 6DQ -RVp GH &RVWD 5LFD TXH SRU YLUWXG GHO DUWtFXOR GH OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ 1DFLRQDOHVGHUHFKRSRVLWLYRVLDGYHUWLPRVTXHODPHQFLRQDGDFRQYHQFLyQDPHULFDQD VH UDWLILFy SRU /H\ 1 GHO DxR GHO &RQJUHVR GH OD 1DFLyQ 3DUDJXD\D (Q HO FLWDGRLQVWUXPHQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHODUWtFXORGLFH"Toda persona tiene derecho a ser oída, con las debidas garantías y dentro de un plazo razonable, por un juez o tribunal competente, independiente e imparcial, establecido con anterioridad por la ley, en la sustanciación de cualquier acusación penal formulada contra ella, o para la determinación de sus derechos y obligaciones de orden civil, laboral, fiscal o de cualquier otro carácter... "/DFRQVWDWDFLyQGHTXHODGXUDFLyQUD]RQDEOHGHOSURFHVR SHQDO HV XQD JDUDQWtD SURFHVDO TXH QR VXUJH DUELWUDULDPHQWH GH XQD UHJXODFLyQ GHO &yGLJR 3URFHVDO 3HQDO VLQR GH LQVWUXPHQWRV QRUPDWLYRV VXSHULRUHV D HOOD FRPR OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ 1DFLRQDO \ HO 3DFWR GH 6DQ -RVp GH &RVWD 5LFD UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH QR SHUPLWHQYLVOXPEUDUODREOLJDFLyQTXHDVXPLyHO(VWDGR3DUDJXD\RGHVHxDODUSDXWDV SDUDODFXOPLQDFLyQGHORVSURFHVRVSHQDOHVRGHFXDOTXLHURWUDQDWXUDOH]DGHXQODSVR GHWHUPLQDGR (Q FRQVHFXHQFLD VR\ GHO FULWHULR TXH OD GXUDFLyQ OLPLWDGD GHO SURFHVR SHQDO VXUJH GH OD PLVPD &RQVWLWXFLyQ 1DFLRQDO SRU OR TXH UHVSRQGLHQGR D OD SUHJXQWD DERUGDGD HQ HVWH SXQWR GHO DQiOLVLV QR RIUHFH UHSDURV LQVRVOD\DEOHV \ VH SXHGH VRVWHQHUFRQUD]RQDEOHFRQYLFFLyQTXHODGXUDFLyQGHWHUPLQDGDGHWRGRSURFHVRSHQDO HVXQLPSHUDWLYRHOHPHQWDOTXHVXUJHGHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQ1DFLRQDO (VWD YDORUDFLyQ HQFXHQWUD PD\RU DVLGHUR FXDQGR D PRGR GH UHFRUGDWRULR PH UHPLWRDORTXH\DVHQWDUDHVWD&RUWHHQRSRUWXQLGDGGHGLFWDUHO$FXHUGR\6HQWHQFLD 1 TXH HQWUH VXV DUJXPHQWRV VHxDODEDQ "...La necesidad de un plazo es incuestionable. No se puede pretender que una persona esté sujeto a un proceso penal por tiempo indeterminado, ya que ello sería violatorio de elementales derechos humanos... Se ha declarado que el Estado no tiene la obligación de establecer un plazo fijo, de carácter general, independiente de las circunstancias de cada caso (Ver CIDH, Informe N° 12 del 1 de Marzo de 1996. Caso Jorge Jiménez). La determinación de la razonabilidad del plazo es aconsejable se realice en cada caso concreto donde se analicen los distintos factores que se señalarán más adelante. Pero, $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< si por razones de política legislativa se decide establecer in abstractum un plazo general determinado, el legislador debe tomar en consideración, para fijarlo, todas las contingencias y las vicisitudes por las que atraviesa en un proceso complejo... ". 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OD &RUWH VH SURQXQFLH VREUH OD FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDG R QR GH DFWRV QRUPDWLYRV RVWHQVLEOH HYLGHQWH \ JURVHUDPHQWH LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDO HOOD VXUJH GH OD FDOLGDG GH FXVWRGLR GH OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ FRQVDJUDGD SRVLWLYD\SDOPDULDPHQWHHQODQRUPDIXQGDPHQWDO(PSHURHQHOVXEM~GLFHQRVHGD GLFKDFLUFXQVWDQFLDSRUORTXHFRQIRUPHDODVUD]RQHVH[SXHVWDVXWVXSUDYRWRSRUHO UHFKD]RGHODDFFLyQLQVWDXUDGD $VXWXUQRHO'U3$5('(6GLMR0HDGKLHURDODSURSXHVWDGHUHFKD]RGHOD DFFLyQFRQORVVLJXLHQWHVDJUHJDGRV (QWUH ORV PRWLYRV GH OD H[WLQFLyQ GH OD DFFLyQ SHQDO HO $UW GHO &yGLJR 3URFHVDO LQFOX\H HQ HO QXPHUDO "por el vencimiento del plazo previsto en el Art. 136 de este Código". /D~OWLPDQRUPDGHVDUUROODHOFRQFHSWRGHODduración máxima del proceso ILMDGRHQWUHVDxRVFRPRHTXLYDOHQWHDplazo razonable, FRQWDGRGHVGHHO primer acto del procedimiento (O SUHRSLQDQWH FLWD OD GRFWULQDULD TXH VHxDOD "si por razones de política legislativa se decide establecer in absíractum un plazo general determinado, el legislador debe tomar en consideración, para fijarlo, todas las 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En la misma resolución se convocará a las partes a una audiencia oral y pública, que deberá realizarse dentro de un plazo no menor de diez días ni mayor de veinte días”. 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AÑO: 2003 – N° 4725. 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'(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< H[FHSFLyQHOSXQWRIXHREMHWR\IXQGDPHQWRGHODDSHODFLyQHVSHFLDOIV\ QRORKL]RSRUHOFRQWUDULRFRQILUPRtQWHJUDPHQWHHOIDOORDSHODGR (QHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVOOHJDODFDXVDDHVWXGLRGHOD6DOD&RQVWLWXFLRQDOGHOD &RUWH6XSUHPDGH-XVWLFLDTXLHQQRSXHGHQLGHEHDYDODUODVWUDQVJUHVLRQHVDOGHELGR SURFHVRFRPHWLGDVHQODFDXVDGHUHIHUHQFLD$OUHVSHFWR*UHJRULR%DGHQLHQVXREUD ³,QVWLWXFLRQHV GH 'HUHFKR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO´ (GLWRULDO $G+RF %XHQRV $LUHV 5HS~EOLFD $UJHQWLQD QRV UHFXHUGD TXH ³El debido proceso legal consiste en una categoría genérica que abarca diversas garantías procesales específicas destinadas a suministrar a los individuos el amparo necesario para la salvaguarda de sus derechos con motivo del ejercicio del poder jurisdiccional del Estado. Cumpliendo con una de sus funciones fundamentales, el Estado tiene el deber ineludible de administrar justicia conforme a los lineamientos establecidos por la Constitución, y de ofrecer a los individuos los procedimientos idóneos para requerir y concretar la defensa de sus derechos en el marco de un proceso judicial. Es la garantía que impone al Estado la obligación de organizar y aplicar su poder jurisdiccional, para que los individuos puedan hacer efectivos sus derechos recurriendo a las técnicas y procedimientos establecidos por la ley” (Sic.). /DVVHQWHQFLDVGLFWDGDVWDQWRSRUHO7ULEXQDOGH$SHODFLyQHQOR&ULPLQDOGH OD &XDUWD 6DOD FRPR SRU HO 7ULEXQDO GH 6HQWHQFLD LQWHJUDGR SDUD MX]JDU OD FDXVD GH UHIHUHQFLD YLROHQWDQ LJXDOPHQWH HO PDQGDWR LPSHUDWLYR TXH QRV GD OD /H\ 6XSUHPD FXDQGRHQVXDUWtFXORGLVSRQHTXH³Toda sentencia judicial debe estar fundada en esta Constitución y en la ley”, WRUQiQGRVH GLFKRV IDOORV LJXDOPHQWH DUELWUDULRV SXHV SUHVFLQGLHURQ GH OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH QRUPDV GH UDQJR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO \ OHJDO TXH SXGLHURQ KDEHU UHVXOWDGR GHWHUPLQDQWHV SDUD HO FDVR 3UHFLVDPHQWH 1pVWRU 3HGUR 6DJXpV HQ OD REUD LQWLWXODGD ³5HFXUVR ([WUDRUGLQDULR ± 'HUHFKR 3URFHVDO &RQVWLWXFLRQDO´ (GLWRULDO $VWUHD %XHQRV $LUHV $UJHQWLQD QRV GLFH TXH HQ HO FRQFHSWR GH %DUWRORPp $ )LRULQL ³la arbitrariedad no proviene de la sentencia misma, sino del órgano que la dicta; la arbitrariedad, entonces, se revela como la manifestación irregular de las funciones del órgano judicial, vulnerando los principios de un correcto juicio”; HQLJXDO VHQWLGR*HQDUR&DUULyQRVGLFH “...una sentencia arbitraria no satisface los requisitos del debido proceso adjetivo porque no es en verdad una sentencia en los términos de la Constitución” (Sic). &RUUHVSRQGH SRU WDQWR KDFHU OXJDU D OD SUHVHQWH DFFLyQ GH LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDG SURPRYLGD SRU 0DULR &pVDU 2UXp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Òf(=SRUORVPLVPRVIXQGDPHQWRV &RQORTXHVHGLRSRUWHUPLQDGRHODFWRILUPDQGR66((WRGR SRUDQWHPt TXHORFHUWLILFRTXHGDQGRDFRUGDGDODVHQWHQFLDTXHVLJXHDFRQWLQXDFLyQ 6(17(1&,$1Ò0(52 $VXQFLyQGHQRYLHPEUHGH -85,6358'(1&,$&2167,78&,21$/ 9,672/RVPpULWRVGHO$FXHUGRTXHDQWHFHGHOD &257(6835(0$'(-867,&,$ 6$/$&2167,78&,21$/ 5(68(/9( +$&(5 /8*$5 D OD SUHVHQWH DFFLyQ GH LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDG SURPRYLGD SRU 0DULR &pVDU 2UXp EDMR SDWURFLQLR GH ORV $ERJDGRV $OIUHGR (QULTXH .URQDZHWWHU \ -RUJH $UWXUR 'DQLHO 6DEH HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD GHFODUDU OD QXOLGDG GH ODV VLJXLHQWHV UHVROXFLRQHV MXGLFLDOHV D VHQWHQFLD GHILQLWLYD 1 GH IHFKD GH PDU]R GH DPEDV GLFWDGDV SRU HO 7ULEXQDO GH 6HQWHQFLD &ROHJLDGR LQWHJUDGR SRU ORV MXHFHV $UQDOGR )OHLWDV &DUORV 2UWt] \ /RXUGHV &DUGR]R F DFXHUGR \ VHQWHQFLD 1 GH IHFKDGHDJRVWRGHGDXWRLQWHUORFXWRULR1GHIHFKDGHVHWLHPEUHGH \ H DFXHUGR \ VHQWHQFLD 1 GH IHFKD GH VHWLHPEUH GH WRGRV HOORV GLFWDGRVSRUHO7ULEXQDOGH$SHODFLyQHQOR&ULPLQDOGHOD&XDUWD6DOD $127$5UHJLVWUDU\QRWLILFDU 0LQLVWURV9tFWRU1~xH]5RGUtJXH]$QWRQLR)UHWHV\:LOGR5LHQ]L*DOHDQR $QWHPt+pFWRU)DELiQ(VFREDU'tD]6HFUHWDULR-XGLFLDO $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< JURISPRUDENCIA CIVIL Y COMERCIAL ACUERDO Y SENTENCIA Nº 157/2002 (Tribunal de Apelación de la Niñez y la Adolescencia) PATRIA POTESTAD: Derechos y obligaciones inherentes a la patria potestad. Patria potestad de hijos matrimoniales. Patria potestad de hijos extramatrimoniales 1RH[LVWHGLVFULPLQDFLyQUHVSHFWRDORVGHUHFKRVHPHUJHQWHVGHOHMHUFLFLRGHOD SDWULDSRWHVWDGVHDQKLMRVPDWULPRQLDOHVRH[WUDPDWULPRQLDOHVSRUHQGHFRPR OyJLFD FRQVHFXHQFLD OD REOLJDFLyQ SULQFLSDO GH ORV SURJHQLWRUHV HV OD GH DOLPHQWDU\HGXFDUDORVKLMRV ALIMENTOS: Beneficiario de alimentos. Cuota de alimentos (O FRQFHSWR GH REOLJDFLyQ DOLPHQWDULD FRPSUHQGH TXH VH GHEH SURYHHU D ORV KLMRVORQHFHVDULRSDUDODVXEVLVWHQFLDKDELWDFLyQ\YHVWLGRHQFRQGLFLRQHVQR LQIHULRUHVDORVTXHGLVIUXWDQORVREOLJDGRV ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos (O&yGLJRGHOD1LxH]\GHOD$GROHVFHQFLDGHQWURGHOFRQFHSWRGHDOLPHQWRV KDFH pQIDVLV HQ OR UHODWLYR DO VRVWHQLPLHQWR \ HGXFDFLyQ \ D YHODU SRU HO GHVDUUROOR LQWHJUDO GH ORV KLMRV UHIRU]iQGRVH LJXDOPHQWH HQ FXDQWR D OD REOLJDFLyQ GH SURSRUFLRQDU DVLVWHQFLD DOLPHQWLFLD OR UHODWLYR DO VXVWHQWR KDELWDFLyQ YHVWLGR HGXFDFLyQ DVLVWHQFLD PpGLFD \ UHFUHDFLyQ GHO QLxR R DGROHVFHQWH ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos 3DUD ILMDU ORV DOLPHQWRV GH DFXHUGR D OD HTXLGDG VH GHEH WHQHU HQ FXHQWD ODV QHFHVLGDGHVGHOKLMRRODKLMDGHDFXHUGRDVXHGDG\VH[RFRQODDFODUDFLyQGH TXH HVWRV UXEURV GHEHQ VHU FRKHUHQWHV FRQ OR TXH H[LJH HO DUWtFXOR GHO &1$HVGHFLUQRLQIHULRUHVDORTXHGLVIUXWDQORVREOLJDGRV ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos 2WUR HOHPHQWR D WHQHU HQ FXHQWD SDUD OD ILMDFLyQ GH DOLPHQWRV HV HO GH OD FDSDFLGDGHFRQyPLFDGHODOLPHQWDQWHHVGHFLUGHDFXHUGRDOQLYHOGHYLGDGHO TXHGLVIUXWDHODOLPHQWDQWHSXHVGHEHH[LVWLUSURSRUFLRQDOLGDGHQWUHHOHVWDWXV VRFLDOHFRQyPLFRGHODOLPHQWDQWH\GHODDOLPHQWDGDTXHGHEHOOHYDUODPLVPD SRVLFLyQVRFLDOHFRQyPLFDGHOREOLJDGRGHELHQGRPHGLUVHODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHOD DOLPHQWDGDVHJ~QHOQLYHOGHYLGDTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDODVLWXDFLyQFUHDGDSRUHO SURSLRDOLPHQWDQWH ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos. Proceso 8QDSUXHEDGHSHVRSDUDDFUHGLWDUODFDSDFLGDGHFRQyPLFDGHODOLPHQWDQWHOR FRQVWLWX\HHOLQIRUPHGHOD$ERJDFtD GHO 7HVRUR \D TXHpVWHSRVHHQXQYDORU -85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/ LQQHJDEOH FXDQGR VH WUDWD GH XQD SHUVRQD MXUtGLFD HO FXDO QR SXHGH VHU GHVYLUWXDGRDOHJDQGRVHUVLPSOHSUHVWDQRPEUHGHRWUDSHUVRQD ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos 6HFRPSUXHEDHOQLYHOGHYLGDVRFLDO\HFRQyPLFRTXHJR]DHODOLPHQWDQWHFRQ HO LQIRUPH GH OD )LQDQFLHUD TXH HO PLVPR SRVHH XQD WDUMHWD GH FUpGLWR 9,6$ 252 FRQ XQD H[WHQVD OtQHD GH FUpGLWR DVLJQDGD GRQGH VH GHVSUHQGH TXH REYLDPHQWHSDUDSRGHUDFFHGHUDGLFKDOtQHDGHFUpGLWRVHWXYRTXHKDEHUWHQLGR HQ FXHQWD TXH HO DOLPHQWDQWH SRVHH LPSRUWDQWHV ELHQHV D VX QRPEUH \ XQ FRQVLGHUDEOHUHVSDOGRHFRQyPLFR ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos 1RSXHGHGHMDUGHWHQHUVHHQFXHQWDFRPRSUXHEDGHODFDSDFLGDGHFRQyPLFD GHODOLPHQWDQWHHOLQIRUPHGHOEDQFRHQHOTXHFRQVWDTXHHODOLPHQWDQWHSRVHtD FXHQWDFRUULHQWHHQIRUPDFRQMXQWD\HQIRUPDLQGLYLGXDOOODPDQGRODDWHQFLyQ OD DFWLWXG GHO PLVPR DO FHUUDU VX FXHQWD HQ GyODUHV 86 \ GH OD WDUMHWD GH FUpGLWR TXH SRVHtD HO DOLPHQWDQWH D ORV SRFRV GtDV GH LQLFLDGD OD SUHVHQWHGHPDQGDGHILMDFLyQGHFXRWDDOLPHQWLFLD PRESUNCIONES: (OSRFRDVLQFHUDPLHQWRGHODOLPHQWDQWHTXHLQFXUUHHQFRQWUDGLFFLRQHVHQWUHOR GLFKR \ ODV FRQVWDQFLDV GH DXWRV UHVSHFWR D VX GHVHQYROYLPLHQWR FRPHUFLDO FRPR WDPELpQ HO FLHUUH GH VX FXHQWD GH DKRUUR EDQFDULR QXHYH GtDV DQWHV GH SUHVHQWDUVHDRIUHFHUDOLPHQWRVFRQVWLWX\HSUXHEDVSUHVXQFLRQDOHVDIDYRUGHOD DOLPHQWDGD ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos. Proceso (O DOLPHQWDQWH QR DFUHGLWy SRVHHU RWUD REOLJDFLyQ OHJDO DGHPiV GH OD PHQRU DOLPHQWDGD UHFODPDQWH SRU OR TXH VX REOLJDFLyQ OHJDO SDWHUQD VH OLPLWD D OD PLVPD DVt FRPR WDPSRFR DFUHGLWy TXH OD SURJHQLWRUD GH OD QLxD SRVHD XQD DFWLYLGDG ODERUDO D SHVDU GH TXH HQ HVWRV DXWRV VH UHFLELy OD FDXVD D SUXHED FRQVHFXHQWHPHQWHGLFKDQHJOLJHQFLDVRORSXHGHVHUFDUJDGDDODOLPHQWDQWH ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos. Proceso /DILMDFLyQGHDOLPHQWRVGHEHUiKDFHUORHO-XH]GHDFXHUGRDODHTXLGDGUD]yQ SRUODFXDOHOTXDQWXPGHODDVLVWHQFLDDOLPHQWLFLDTXHGDVXMHWDDOOLEUHDUELWULR MXGLFLDOTXHQRSXHGHHQFDVLOODUVHHQFiOFXORVDULWPpWLFRV3HURHVHDUELWULRVH VXERUGLQDDODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVTXHFRQFXUUHQHQFDGDFDVRHQSDUWLFXODU\TXHHO -XH]GHEHDSUHFLDUORFRQSUXGHQFLD\REMHWLYLGDG ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos. Proceso (O0DJLVWUDGRLQIHULRUDFWXyFRUUHFWDPHQWHILMDQGRXQDVXPDHTXLWDWLYDPHQWH DFRUGH D OD HGDG GH OD DOLPHQWDGD D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV GH OD PLVPD \ DO FDXGDO $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< HFRQyPLFRGHODOLPHQWDQWHSXHVWRTXHVLELHQVHGHEHWHQHUHQFXHQWDHOHVWDWXV VRFLDO\HFRQyPLFRGHODOLPHQWDQWHWDPSRFRHVWRLPSOLFDTXHHOPLVPRWHQJD TXHUHDOL]DUXQDGHODQWRGHKHUHQFLD ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos /D PDGUH GHO PHQRU GHEH FRDG\XYDU HQ OD DVLVWHQFLD DOLPHQWDULD GH VX KLMD SXHVWR TXH ORV GHEHUHV DOLPHQWDULRV GHEHQ VHU FRPSDUWLGRV SRU DPERV SURJHQLWRUHV\DTXHVREUHDPERVSHVDODDVLVWHQFLDDOLPHQWDULD ALIMENTOS: Proceso /D-X]JDGRUDGH3ULPHUD,QVWDQFLDKDDQDOL]DGRODVSUXHEDVUHOHYDQWHVSDUDODV UHVXOWDVGHDXWRVHQODILMDFLyQGHDOLPHQWRVDVtDTXHOODQR HVWiREOLJDGDSDUD GLFWDUVHQWHQFLDDDQDOL]DUWRGDVODVSUXHEDVVLQRVRORODVGHWHUPLQDGDVSDUDODV UHVXOWDVGHOFDVR ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos. Proceso (QODILMDFLyQGHODFXRWDDOLPHQWLFLD\HQHOFDVRHQSDUWLFXODUVRORVHWLHQHHQ FXHQWDHOHVWDWXVVRFLDOHFRQyPLFRGHODOLPHQWDQWHQRDVtGHORVFRQVDQJXtQHRV HQ OtQHD UHFWD DVFHQGHQWH QL WDPSRFR HO GH ORV FRQVDQJXtQHRV ODWHUDOHV HQ DWHQFLyQDTXHHOSULPHUREOLJDGRFRQUHVSHFWRHOKLMRHVVXSURJHQLWRU ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos. Proceso 5HVSHFWRDODVJDVWRVTXHGHQXQFLDODPDGUHDFWRUDHQHOMXLFLRVGHILMDFLyQGH FXRWD DOLPHQWLFLD HQ HO SHULRGR SURFHVDO SHUWLQHQWH VROR IXH DUULPDGR FRPR SUXHED HO UHFLER GH FXRWD GHO FROHJLR UHFLER GH FXRWD GH LQJOHV \ FDUQHW GH 6HJXUR 0pGLFR \ FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH ODV QHFHVLGDGHV GHO PHQRU GHELHURQ VHU DSRUWDGDV SRU OD VROLFLWDQWH HV D HOOD D TXLHQ FRUUHVSRQGH FDUJDU FRQ GLFKD QHJOLJHQFLD COSTAS: Costas en el orden causado /DVFRVWDVHQVHJXQGDLQVWDQFLDHQDWHQFLyQDTXHODVHQWHQFLDIXHUHFXUULGDSRU DPEDVSDUWHV\QRVHKL]ROXJDUDODVSUHWHQVLRQHVGHDPEDVSDUWHVGHEHQVHU LPSXHVWDVHQHORUGHQFDXVDGR JUICIO: “X.F. 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SENTENCIA Nº 80/2003 (Tribunal de Apelación Civil de la Niñez y Adolescencia) ADOPCIÓN:Adopción plena. Declaración del estado de adopción /D DXWRUL]DFLyQ SDUD JHVWLRQDU OD DGRSFLyQ SOHQD GHO QLxR KHFKD DQWH XQ -X]JDGR GH 3D] VRODPHQWH WLHQH TXH VHU WRPDGD FRPR XQD LQWHQFLyQ GH OD PDGUH SXHV VL OD PDQLIHVWDFLyQ VH KXELHUD KHFKR DQWH HO -X]JDGR FRPSHWHQWH QHFHVDULDPHQWH VH OH GHEtD KDEHU LPSUHVR DO MXLFLR ORV WUiPLWHV TXH FRUUHVSRQGHQDO-XLFLRGH(VWDGRGH$GRSFLyQSUHYLVWRHQHODUWtFXORGHOD /H\1OH\\DYLJHQWHHQHVDpSRFD MENORES: Guarda de menores 5HVXOWDUtD LQDGPLVLEOH XQD JXDUGD RWRUJDGD VLQH GLH FUHiQGRVH YtQFXORV GH DIHFWLYLGDG HQWUH HO QLxR \ VXV JXDUGDGRUHV TXHGDQGR HQ VXVSHQVR SHUR FRQ HIHFWRFRQWUDULRHOHMHUFLFLRGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGSRUSDUWHGHODPDGUH PRUEBA DE TESTIGOS:Tacha de testigos -85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/ 7DFKDUDXQWHVWLJRXQDYH]DGPLWLGDSRUHO-X]JDGRVLJQLILFDRHVVLQyQLPRGH UHVWDU HILFDFLD SUREDWRULD D VX GHFODUDFLyQ 3DUD HO &3& DFWXDOPHQWH HQ YLJHQFLD$UWGLVSRQHTXHGHQWURGHOSOD]RGHSUXHEDODVSDUWHVSRGUiQ DOHJDU\SUREDUSRUYtDGHLQFLGHQWHDFHUFDGHODLGRQHLGDGGHORVWHVWLJR\HO MXH] DSUHFLDUi VHJ~Q ODV UHJODV GH OD VDQD FUtWLFD \ HQ RSRUWXQLGDG GH GLFWDU VHQWHQFLDGHILQLWLYDODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDV\PRWLYRVTXHFRUURERUHQGLVPLQX\DQR LQYDOLGHQODIXHU]DGHVXVGHFODUDFLRQHV PRUEBA DE TESTIGOS:Tacha de testigos /DWDFKDGHWHVWLJRVQRVHFRPSDGHFHQHQDEVROXWRFRQODUHJODFRQWHQLGDHQHO $UW GHO &3& SXHV OR TXH GHELy KDEHU KHFKR HV VLPSOHPHQWH H[SOLFLWDU ODVUD]RQHVFRPRHQSDUWHORKL]RSRUODVFXDOHVODGHFODUDFLyQGHDTXHOORV IXHURQHVWLPDGDVLQYDOLGDGDVFRPRPHGLRSUREDWRULR\QRGHFLGLUFRQIRUPH\D SHULPLGRHQODSDUWHUHVROXWLYDGHODVHQWHQFLD PRUEBA DE TESTIGOS:Tacha de testigos /D$TXRQRWXYRHQFXHQWDQLQJXQDGHODVGHFODUDFLRQHVWHVWLILFDOHVRIUHFLGDV SRU OD SDUWH DFWRUD SRU GLYHUVRV PRWLYRV OLPLWiQGRVH D OD WDFKD GH FXDWUR SHUVRQDVIXHUDGHORVFiQRQHVTXHHOULWXDOFRQWLHQH\DTXHHOLQFLGHQWHGHWDFKD GH WHVWLJRV QL VLTXLHUD IXH VXVWDQFLDGR FRQIRUPH D OD UHJOD HQXQFLDGD HQ HO DUWtFXOR GHO &3& 1R REVWDQWH FRPR HQ GHILQLWLYD VH WUDWD GH OD YDORUDFLyQGHSUXHEDVWHVWLILFDOHVORTXHVHKDREMHWDGRSRUODYtDGHOUHFXUVRGH QXOLGDGHQPLRSLQLyQHVXQWHPDTXHGHEHHQIRFDUVHDOHVWXGLDUHOIRQGRGHOD FXHVWLyQHVGHFLUDWUDYpVGHOUHFXUVRGHDSHODFLyQWDPELpQLQWHUSXHVWR PRUEBA DE CONFESIÓN:Absolución de posiciones (Q OD DXGLHQFLD HQ TXH VH DEVXHOYH SRVLFLRQHV pVWDV DOJXQDV H LQFOXVR WRGDV SXHGHQVHUGHVHFKDGDVGHRILFLRSRUHO-XH]RDSHGLGRGHSDUWH$UWGHO &3& PRUEBA DE CONFESIÓN:Absolución de posiciones (Q ODV DEVROXFLRQHV ODV SRVLFLRQHV SXHGHQ VHU DPSOLDGDV SRU HO SRQHQWH \ WDPELpQSRUHO-XH]DUWGHO&3&\HQFXDOTXLHUDGHHVWRVFDVRVWDQWROD GHFLVLyQ GHO -XH] GHVHVWLPDQGR SRVLFLRQHV DGPLWLHQGR RWUDV QXHYDV R OD RSRVLFLyQ D DOJXQDV GHEH VHU PDWHULD GH UHVROXFLyQ HQ HO PRPHQWR GH OD DXGLHQFLD HQ OD LQWHOLJHQFLD GH TXH FDGD XQD GH HVWDV GHFLVLRQHV GHO -X]JDGR SXHGHQVHUDSHODEOHVSRUODSDUWHTXHVHFRQVLGHUDDIHFWDGDDILQ GHTXHHQOD ,QVWDQFLD6XSHULRUVHSXHGDFRQILUPDUODVRUHYRFDUODV PRUEBA DE CONFESIÓN: Absolución de posiciones. Efectos $O QR SUHVHQWDUVH OD DEVROYHQWH HQ OD DXGLHQFLD VHxDODGD SDUD HO GLOLJHQFLDPLHQWRGHODSUXHEDFRQIHVRULDPDOSRGUtDHO-X]JDGRSRVWHULRUPHQWH GHVHVWLPDUSRVLFLRQHVSRUFRQVLGHUDUODVLPSURFHGHQWHV\DTXHGHHVWDIRUPDVH $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< HVWDUtD FRQFXOFDQGR HO SULQFLSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GH OD GHIHQVD HQ MXLFLR GH ODV SHUVRQDVDUWGHOD&1 PRUEBA DE CONFESIÓN: Absolución de posiciones (O -X]JDGR GHELy KDFHU OXJDU DO DSHUFLELPLHQWR GHFUHWDGR OLVD \ OODQDPHQWH D WHQRUGHORGLVSXHVWRHQHODUWtFXORGHO&3&GHWHQHUORSRUFRQIHVR\HQ WRGR FDVR GHWHUPLQDU HQ OD VHQWHQFLD HO YDORU GH ODV GLIHUHQWHV SRVLFLRQHV GH FRQIRUPLGDG FRQ ODV SUHVFULSFLRQHV GHO DUWtFXOR GHO &3& SHUR QR H[FOXLUODV VLQ KDEHU GDGR D ODV SDUWHV OD SRVLELOLGDG GH FXHVWLRQDU GLFKDV H[FOXVLRQHV HQ HO PRPHQWR SURFHVDO RSRUWXQR TXH HUD SUHFLVDPHQWH HQ HO GLOLJHQFLDPLHQWRGHODSUXHEDFRQIHVRULD\QRHQRWURWDOFRPRVHKDUHVXHOWR HQHOFDVRGHDXWRV PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida (O DSDUWDGR TXH GLVSRQH OD VXVSHQVLyQ GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG HV QXOR SRU QR UHVSRQGHUDOSULQFLSLRGHFRQJUXHQFLDHVWDEOHFLGRHQHODUWtFXORLQFEGHO &3&SXHVHQODGHPDQGDVHVROLFLWyHVSHFtILFDPHQWH OD SpUGLGDGHODSDWULD SRWHVWDG GHO PLVPR VREUH VX KLMR HQ EDVH DO $UW LQF E GHO &1 \ HQ FDPELRHO-X]JDGRGLVSXVRODVXVSHQVLyQVLQH[SOLFLWDUQLQJ~QPRWLYRHVGHFLU QR KD\ UHODFLyQ HQWUH OD SUHWHQVLyQ LQFRDGD \ OR UHVXHOWR HQ HO DSDUWDGR HQ FXHVWLyQ PRINCIPIO DE CONGRUENCIA: 6L ELHQ HO MX]JDGR QR VH KDOOD REOLJDGR D IDOODU QHFHVDULDPHQWH FRQIRUPH D OD SHWLFLyQ SUHVHQWDGD SRU OD SDUWH GHPDQGDQWH DO QR GHQHJDUOD \ UHVROYHU VREUH RWUDFXHVWLyQQRSODQWHDGDVLQGDUXQDUD]yQVXILFLHQWHSDUDHOORLQFXUUHHQOD YLRODFLyQGHOSULQFLSLRGHFRQJUXHQFLD PATRIA POTESTAD: Pérdida (O -X]JDGR QHFHVDULDPHQWH GHEtD SURQXQFLDUVH VREUH OD SpUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG\ODUHVWLWXFLyQUHVSHFWRDOPLVPRQLxRGHVGHODySWLFDTXHVXSRQHOD UHVWLWXFLyQHQHO&yGLJRGHO0HQRU PRUEBA DE TESTIGOS:Tacha de testigos /DSDUWHTXHKR\LPSXJQDHODSDUWDGRGHODUHVROXFLyQTXHKDFHOXJDUDODWDFKD GH WHVWLJR FRQVLQWLy HO SURFHGLPLHQWR VHJXLGR SRU OD $SOLFDGRUD DO QR KDEHU SODQWHDGR ORV UHVRUWHV SURFHVDOHV SHUWLQHQWHV HQ HVD ,QVWDQFLD FRQVHFXHQWHPHQWH HQ ODV UHVXOWDV D ODV FXDOHV VH DUULEH HQHO SUHVHQWHFDVRVH DQDOL]DUi UHVSHFWR D VL HQ HO IDOOR GH 3ULPHUD ,QVWDQFLD VH DSUHFLDURQ R QR ODV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV\PRWLYRVTXHFRUURERUHQGLVPLQX\HQRLQYDOLGHQODGHFODUDFLyQ GHORVWHVWLJRVTXHREUDQHQDXWRVGHDFXHUGRDODVUHJODVGHVDQDFUtWLFD(Q FRQVHFXHQFLD UHVXOWD LQYLDEOH HO UHFXUVR GH QXOLGDG LQWHUSXHVWR SRU LPSURFHGHQWH $PSOLDFLyQ GH IXQGDPHQWRV GH OD 'UD $OLFLD 3XFKHWD GH &RUUHD -85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/ CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DEL PARAGUAY: Derecho a la defensa 6L ELHQ QR VH SODQWHy UHFXUVR GH QXOLGDG FRQWUD HO DSDUWDGR TXH OR WLHQH SRU FRQIHVR D WHQRU GHO SOLHJR GH SRVLFLRQHV FRUUHVSRQGH GHFODUDU OD QXOLGDG GH HVWHDSDUWDGRSRUKDEHUVHFRQFXOFDGRHOSULQFLSLRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHODGHIHQVD HQ MXLFLR DUWtFXOR GH OD &1 SXHV GRQGH KD\ LQGHIHQVLyQ KD\ QXOLGDG $PSOLDFLyQGHIXQGDPHQWRVGHOD'UD$OLFLD3XFKHWDGH&RUUHD PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida +DELHQGR OD -X]JDGRUD GLVSXHVWR HQ HVWH DSDUWDGR OD VXVSHQVLyQ GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG HMHUFLGD VREUH VX KLMR VH KD FRQFXOFDGR HO SULQFLSLR GH FRQJUXHQFLD H[SUHVDPHQWHSUHYLVWRHQORVLQFLVRVF\HGHODUWtFXORGHO&3&GHELGRD TXHODSDUWHGHPDQGDQWHSHWLFLRQyHQHOHVFULWRLQLFLDOGHGHPDQGDODSpUGLGDGH SDWULD SRWHVWDG FRQWUD HO PLVPR VLQ HPEDUJR OD -X]JDGRUD QR DGHFXy VX GHFLVLyQ D GLFKD SUHWHQVLyQ $PSOLDFLyQ GH IXQGDPHQWRV GH OD 'UD $OLFLD 3XFKHWDGH&RUUHD PATRIA POTESTAD: &RUUHVSRQGH GHFODUDU QXOD HVWD UHVROXFLyQ SRUTXH H[LVWLHQGR XQD VHQWHQFLD GH WHQHQFLD D IDYRU GH OD GHPDQGDGD VREUH VX KLMR FRUUHVSRQGH HMHFXWDU GLFKD VHQWHQFLD SRU VHU XQD FRQVHFXHQFLD QDWXUDO GH OD PLVPD TXH LQYROXFUD HO HMHUFLFLRGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGSRUSDUWHGHODSURJHQLWRUDFX\RHIHFWRSHUVRQDO GHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGHVTXHHOKLMRYLYDFRQVXPDGUH)XQGDPHQWRVGHOD'UD $OLFLD3XFKHWDGH&RUUHD REBELDÍA:Efectos de la declaración de rebeldía /D UHEHOGtD GHFODUDGD \ ILUPH FRQVWLWXLUi SUHVXQFLyQ GH YHUGDG GH ORV KHFKRV DILUPDGR SRU TXLpQ REWXYR OD GHFODUDFLyQ(QHOFDVRGHDXWRV DXQTXHQRVH KD\DGHFODUDGRH[SUHVDPHQWHODUHEHOGtDWDOFRPRIXHVROLFLWDGRQRWLILFDGRHO GHPDQGDGRTXHVHOHGLRSRUGHFDtGRHOGHUHFKRSDUDFRQWHVWDUODGHPDQGD\GH OD SURYLGHQFLD TXH GHFUHWD OD DSHUWXUD GH OD FDXVD D SUXHED HQ PL RSLQLyQ OD QRWLILFDFLyQ IHKDFLHQWH GH ODV UHVSHFWLYDV SURYLGHQFLDV YLHQHQ D VXSOLU OD GHILFLHQFLDSURFHVDOHQORTXHUHVSHFWDDODGHFODUDFLyQGHUHEHOGtDQRUHVXHOWD SRUHO-X]JDGR PATRIA POTESTAD: Pérdida /D SRVLFLyQ GH LQGLIHUHQFLD DQWH XQ MXLFLR GRQGH QDGD PHQRV VH KD SHGLGR OD SpUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGHQUHODFLyQDVXKLMRLQGLFDFRQHORFXHQFLDTXHQR KD WHQLGR QLQJ~Q LQWHUpV HQ HMHUFHU GHO GHUHFKR TXH WHQtD FRPR SURJHQLWRU \ PXFKRPHQRVHOGHEHUTXHHPHUJHGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGHVWR~OWLPRVHJ~QODV GHFODUDFLRQHV GH VX SURSLD HVSRVD GHFODUDFLRQHV TXH FRQFXHUGDQ FRQ ORV DUJXPHQWRVVRVWHQLGRVHQHOHVFULWRGHGHPDQGD ADOPCIÓN: Interés superior del niño. Mantenimiento del vínculo familiar $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< /D &RQYHQFLyQ VREUH ORV 'HUHFKRV GHO 1LxR HVWDEOHFH FODUDPHQWH TXH ORV (VWDGRV 3DUWHV YHODUiQ TXH HO QLxR QR VHD VHSDUDGR GH VXV SDGUHV H[FHSWR FXDQGRDUHVHUYDMXGLFLDOODVDXWRULGDGHVFRPSHWHQWHVGHWHUPLQHQGHDFXHUGR FRQ OD OH\ \ HO SURFHGLPLHQWR TXH OD VHSDUDFLyQ VHD QHFHVDULD HQ HO LQWHUpV VXSHULRUGHOQLxR'HDFXHUGRFRQHVWHPDQGDWRGHOD&RQYHQFLyQORTXHGHEH SULRUL]DUVH HV HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GHO QLxR GHQWUR GH VX IDPLOLD QXFOHDU R OD DPSOLDGD ADOPCIÓN:Interés superior del niño. Mantenimiento del vínculo familiar 'H DGRSWDUVH XQD GHWHUPLQDFLyQ FRQWUDULD DO SULQFLSLR GH SULRUL]DU HO PDQWHQLPLHQWRGHOQLxRGHQWURGHVXIDPLOLDQXFOHDURDPSOLDGDVHOHGHEHGDU XQ FRQWHQLGR TXH Gp OHJLWLPLGDG DO SULQFLSLR GH LJXDO UDQJR VHJ~Q HO FXDO FXDOTXLHU PHGLGD TXH VH WRPH UHVSHFWR DO QLxR OD FRQVLGHUDFLyQ SULPRUGLDO GHEHVHUSURWHJHUHOLQWHUpVVXSHULRUGHO PLVPRDUW GH OD&RQYHQFLyQ6H WUDWD SXHV GH XQ UD]RQDPLHQWR TXH QHFHVDULDPHQWH LPSOLFD XQD OtQHD GH DUJXPHQWDFLRQHV HQFDPLQDGDV D HOHJLU HQ FDGD FDVR FRQFUHWR OD SUHHPLQHQFLD GH XQ SULQFLSLR VREUH RWUR WRGR HVWR GHQWUR GHO FRQWH[WR GHO SULQFLSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO VHJ~Q HO FXDO HQ FDVR GH FRQIOLFWR ORV GHUHFKRV GHO QLxR WLHQH FDUiFWHUSUHYDOHFLHQWHDUWLQILQHGHO&1 PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida 1R VHUtD RFLRVR PHQFLRQDU TXH OD SpUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG FRQOOHYD VX HMHUFLFLRXQGHUHFKR\XQGHEHUGHORVSDGUHVHQFXDQWRDORVKLMRVHQEHQHILFLR GHpVWRVQDWXUDOPHQWH$OPHQRVHVWRHVORTXHVHGHGXFHGHODVGLVSRVLFLRQHV FRQFRUGDQWHVGHORVDUWtFXORV\GHO&0 PRUEBA: Carga de la prueba 'HYLHQHSHUWLQHQWHDFODUDUTXHHORQXVSUREDQGLFXDQGRVHWUDWDGHUHIXWDUORV KHFKRV DOHJDGRV SRU OD SDUWH GHPDQGDQWH FRQ RWURV KHFKRV OD PLVPD FDUJD SURFHVDOODWLHQHODSDUWHGHPDQGDGD PRUEBA DE TESTIGOS:Apreciación de la prueba testimonial (ODUWtFXORGHO&3&HVWDEOHFHFODUDPHQWHODVSHUVRQDVTXHQRSXHGHQVHU RIUHFLGDVFRPRWHVWLJRVGHVXHUWHTXHDSDUWHGHHVWDVH[FOXVLRQHVHO-X]JDGRU VH HQFXHQWUD HQ OLEHUWDG GH YDORUDU OD GHFODUDFLyQ GH FXDOTXLHU WHVWLJR TXH QR HVWpFRQWHPSODGRHQODSUHFHSWLYDPiVDUULEDFLWDGD\GHFRQIRUPLGDGDODUHJOD HQXQFLDGDHQHODUWtFXORGHOFLWDGRFXHUSROHJDO PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida 5HVXOWD REYLR TXH VX SDGUH ELROyJLFR QR DFHSWR QXQFD DO QLxR FLUFXQVWDQFLD TXH LQFLGH QHJDWLYDPHQWH HQ OD SVLTXLV GHO IHWR TXH YLYHQFLD D WUDYpV GH OD PDGUH ODV GHPRVWUDFLRQHV GH DIHFWR R GH XQ VHQWLPLHQWR FRQWUDULR R LQGLIHUHQFLD)HOL]PHQWHSDUDHOQLxRHQFRQWUyGHVGHEHEpXQ Q~FOHRIDPLOLDU TXHOHSHUPLWLyGHVDUUROODUVHGHQWURGHXQFOLPDSURSLFLR\TXHHQJUDQPHGLGD -85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/ KDEUi GLVPLQXLGR ODV VHFXHODV SVLFROyJLFDV GH WHQHU SDGUHV VHSDUDGRV \ SDUD FROPR HQ PDQRV GH TXLHQ QR HUD VX SURJHQLWRUD 'H PRGR TXH HO FHQWUR GH DWHQFLyQDOUHVROYHUVREUHODSpUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGORTXHGHEHSULPDUHV ODFRQYHQLHQFLDRQRSDUDHOQLxR ABANDONO: Abandono del hijo 'HDFXHUGRFRQORSUREDGRHQDXWRV\GHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDH[FOXVLYDPHQWH SURFHVDO VH FRQFOX\H VLQ QLQJ~Q JpQHUR GH GXGDV TXH OD SDUWH DFFLRQDQWH GHPRVWUy VREUDGDPHQWH HO GHVLQWHUpV GH OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD HQ UHODFLyQ D VX KLMRRORTXHHVOR PLVPRODDEGLFDFLyQYROXQWDULDHQHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHVX REOLJDFLyQ FRPR PDGUH \ TXH HQ ULJRU GH YHUGDG FRQVWLWX\H EiVLFDPHQWH OD FDXVDOGHDEDQGRQRWDOFRPRVHKDOODUHJXODGRHQHO&0YRWR HQGLVLGHQFLD GHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH] PATRIA POTESTAD: Derechos y obligaciones inherentes a la patria potestad. Pérdida 6LVHSDUWHGHODEDVHGHTXHHOQLxRHVHOVXMHWRGHGHUHFKRVHQHVWHSURFHVR\ TXH HVWH GHUHFKR GHEH WHQHU SUHYDOHQFLD VREUH RWUR GHUHFKR SRU GLVSRVLFLyQ FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHQHOFDVRGHDXWRVHOGHUHFKRDHMHUFHUHOGHUHFKRHPHUJHQWHGH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG GHEH FHGHU DQWH HO GHUHFKR GHO QLxR D WHQHU XQD YLGD HPRFLRQDOPHQWH HVWDEOH \ FRQ XQ IXWXUR TXH QR HVWp VXMHWR D ORV YDLYHQHV GH XQDPDGUHQRSUHSDUDGDSDUDDVXPLUVXUROFRPRWDO(VWDHVODFRQFOXVLyQTXH RWRUJDSOHQDYLYHQFLD\OHJLWLPLGDGDODSURWHFFLyQDFDEDGDGHO,QWHUpV6XSHULRU GHO1LxR\VHDGHFXDSHUIHFWDPHQWHDODVSUHVFULSFLRQHVGHORV DUWtFXORV\ GHOD&RQYHQFLyQVREUHORVGHUHFKRVGHO1LxR\DODUWtFXORGHOD&1SRUOR TXH YRWR SRU OD SHUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG GH OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD YRWR HQ GLVLGHQFLDGHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH] MENORES:Restitución de menores (O MXLFLR GH UHVWLWXFLyQ VROLFLWDGD SRU OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD GHO QLxR FRQ SRVWHULRULGDG DO MXLFLR GH SpUGLGD GH SDWULD SRWHVWDG GH OD PLVPD DPHULWD DOJXQRVFRPHQWDULRVDGLFLRQDOHVFRPRSRUHMHPSORTXHHOMXLFLRGHELyKDEHUVH SODQWHDGRDOFRQWHVWDUVHODGHPDQGD\QRGHVSXpV\DTXHFRPRORVRVWXYHFRQ DQWHULRULGDGHVXQDSUHWHQVLyQRSRQLEOHDODSpUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGSXHV FDUHFHUtD GH VHQWLGR GHQHJDU OD SpUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG H LQLFLDU RWUR VROLFLWDQGRODUHVWLWXFLyQYRWRHQGLVLGHQFLDGHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH] MENORES:Restitución de menores 1RSXHGHVRVOD\DUVHHOHVWXGLRSVLFROyJLFRGHOQLxRGLVSXHVWR SRUHO-X]JDGR FRPR PHGLGD GH PHMRU SURYHHU VHJ~Q HO FXDO HO QLxR VH KDOOD VHJXUR HQ FRPSDxtDGHVXVKHUPDQRV\VLHQWHUHFKD]R\SHOLJURDQWHODILJXUDPPDWHUQD ELROyJLFD(VWDVLWXDFLyQGHOQLxRHVIiFLOPHQWHHQWHQGLEOHVLVHWLHQHHQFXHQWD OD SRFD R FDVL QXOD UHODFLyQ FRQ OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD WDO FRPR KD TXHGDGR GHPRVWUDGR HQ HO SURFHVR DQWHV DQDOL]DGRYRWR HQ GLVLGHQFLD GHO 'U 6LOYLR 5RGUtJXH] $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< PATRIA POTESTAD:Derechos y obligaciones inherentes a la patria potestad /D DFWLWXG FRPR PDGUH VH OD WLHQH R QR VLHQGR LUUHOHYDQWH OD HGDG HQ TXH HO QLxRIXHFRQFHELGR/DYHUGDGHUDPDGUHSXHGHVHUORDORVDORVRDORV DxRVGHHGDG\KDUiORLPSRVLEOHSDUDUHWHQHUDVXKLMR/DTXHUHDOPHQWH WLHQHVHQWLPLHQWRVPDWHUQRVQRVRSRUWDUiQLDGPLWLUiQXQFDHVWDUVHSDUDGDGHVX KLMRYRWRHQGLVLGHQFLDGHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH] PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida &RKHUHQWHFRQODGHWHUPLQDFLyQDODTXHKHOOHJDGRHQHOMXLFLRVREUHSpUGLGDGH SDWULDSRWHVWDGUHVSHFWRGHODPDGUHELROyJLFDGRQGHHOGHUHFKRHPHUJHQWHGH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG GHEH FHGHU DQWH HO GHUHFKR GHO QLxR D XQD YLGD PHMRU QR WHQJR PiV UHPHGLR TXH FRQFOXLU TXH OD UHVWLWXFLyQ SHWLFLRQDGD SRU OD PLVPD GHEHVHUGHVHVWLPDGDYRWRHQGLVLGHQFLDGHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH] COSTAS:Costas en el orden causado 6HGHEHLPSRQHUODVFRVWDVHQHORUGHQFDXVDGRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODQDWXUDOH]D GHOOLWLJLR\TXHFDGDSDUWHDVXPLyXQDSRVLFLyQHQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQODVLWXDFLyQ FUHDGD \ TXH GLR PRWLYR SDUD TXH VH LQFRDUDQ ORV MXLFLRV SXHV QR VHUtD MXVWR LPSRQHUODVFRVWDVDODDFFLRQDGDHQUD]yQGHTXHORTXHVHUHVROYLyWLHQHTXH YHU FRQ OD YLQFXODFLyQ MXUtGLFD HQWUH PDGUH H KLMR DVSHFWR KXPDQR TXH QR SXHGHSDVDUVHSRUDOWRHQHVWHWLSRGHMXLFLR PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida /RTXHFDEHHVDQDOL]DUHQHOFDVRHVSHFtILFRGHDXWRVHVVLIXHURQGHPRVWUDGDV ODVFDXVDOHVGHSpUGLGDGHSDWULDSRWHVWDGSXHVODSpUGLGDGHSDWULDSRWHVWDGQR SRGUiGHFUHWDUVHVLQKHFKRVGHHYLGHQWHJUDYHGDGQREDVWDUtDXQFXPSOLPLHQWR PiVRPHQRVLUUHJXODUXQDPD\RURPHQRUGHGLFDFLyQ9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida. Suspensión /RV DFWRUHV LPSHWUDURQ FRQFUHWDPHQWH FRPR FDXVDOHV GH SpUGLGD GH SDWULD SRWHVWDGFRQWUDODPDGUHELROyJLFDORVLQFLVRVESRUDEDQGRQRGHVXKLMR\F SRU GDU HMHPSORV R FRQVHMRV LQPRUDOHV R FRORFDUORV D VDELHQGDV HQ OXJDUHV SHOLJURVRV SDUD OD YLGD ODVDOXGROD PRUDOGHVXKLMR ,QYRFDURQ DVLPLVPR HO DUWtFXOR LQ ILQH GHO &0 VLQ HPEDUJR OD GLVSRVLFLyQ OHJDO FLWDGD FRUUHVSRQGHDFDXVDVGHVXVSHQVLyQ\QRGHSpUGLGDGHSDWULDSRWHVWDGSRUOR TXHQRFRUUHVSRQGHHQWUDUDH[DPLQDUODFXDQGRHOREMHWRGHOD SHWLFLyQIXHHO GHSpUGLGDGHSDWULDSRWHVWDG\QRHOGHVXVSHQVLyQ9RWRGHODPD\RUtD MENORES:Abandono de menores (O&yGLJRGHO0HQRUQRFRQFHSWXDOL]DRGHILQHHODEDQGRQRVRORHQXPHUDHQ IRUPDFHUUDGDORVFDVRVHQTXHVHFRQVLGHUDHQHVWDGRGHDEDQGRQRPDWHULDOR PRUDODORVPHQRUHVHQHODUWtFXORGHOFLWDGRFyGLJR9RWRGHODPD\RUtD -85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/ MENORES:Abandono de menores &RQYLHQH SUHFLVDU TXH HO KHFKR GH TXH OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD SRU DFWD DQWH HO -X]JDGRGH3D]GHOD5HFROHWDGHFLGLyHQWUHJDUDVXKLMRHQJXDUGDSURYLVRULDD VXKHUPDQDWtDGHOQLxRQRFRQILJXUDDEDQGRQRHQDWHQFLyQDTXHMXVWDPHQWH HO FXLGDGR GH XQD WtD QR LPSOLFD DEDQGRQR GDGR ORV OD]RV GH SDUHQWHVFR TXH H[FOX\HQ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH GHVDPSDUR GH OR FXDO VH LQILHUH TXH HO QLxR VHUtD ELHQDWHQGLGR\YLYLUiGHQWURGHVXIDPLOLDDPSOLDGD9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PRUEBA:Apreciación de la prueba (O -XH] QR HVWi REOLJDGR D UHIHULUVH PLQXFLRVDPHQWH D WRGDV ODV SUXHEDV SURGXFLGDV DVt SXHGH RPLWLU HO H[DPHQ GH DTXHOODV GLOLJHQFLDV TXH FRQFHSW~H LQQHFHVDULDVSDUDVXIDOORRODVTXHUHIXWHLQHILFDFHVSHURQRSXHGHSUHVFLQGLU GHXQKHFKRIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDODGHFLVLyQ9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PRUEBA:Apreciación de la prueba &RQ UHODFLyQ D OD SUXHED FRQIHVRULD GH OD GHPDQGDGD WUDWiQGRVH GH XQD FRQIHVLyQ MXGLFLDO ILFWD QR KDFH SOHQD SUXHED D GLIHUHQFLD GH OD HVSRQWiQHD PRWLYRSRUHOFXDOVHUiDSUHFLDGDSRUOD-XH]MXQWDPHQWHFRQODVGHPiVSUXHEDV GHDFXHUGRFRQORVSULQFLSLRVGHODVDQDFUtWLFDDUWtFXORGHO&3&9RWR GHODPD\RUtD PRUEBA DE TESTIGOS:Apreciación de la prueba testimonial 3DUD YDORUDU ODV SUXHEDV WHVWLILFDOHV QR VH WRPD HQ FXHQWD OD FDQWLGDG VLQR OD FDOLGDG HQ OD GHFODUDFLyQ GH ORV WHVWLJRV \ VREUH WRGR VL OHV FRQVWD SHUVRQDOPHQWH\ODIRUPDHQTXHGDQODUD]yQGHVXVGLFKRV$ORFXDOVHGHEH DJUHJDUTXHODVSUXHEDVREUDQWHVHQDXWRV QR VH FRQVLGHUD SUXHED GH OD SDUWHV VLQRGHO-X]JDGR9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PRUEBA DE PERITOS: Apreciación de la prueba pericial &RQYLHQHSUHFLVDUTXHOD-X]JDGRUDWLHQHIDFXOWDGSRUODOH\SDUDDSDUWDUVHGH XQ GLFWDPHQ SHULFLDO \ DSR\DUVH HQ RWUR GLFWDPHQ GH OD PLVPD QDWXUDOH]D 9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida $WHQWRDORVHVWXGLRVSVLFROyJLFRVQRH[LVWHXQDUD]yQGHSHVRTXHKDJDYLDEOH HO GHVSRMR GH XQ KLMR GH OD PDGUH KDFLHQGR OXJDU D OD SHUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDGPiVD~QFRPRHQHOFDVRGHDXWRVGRQGHODGHPDQGDGDQRH[SXVRDVX KLMR D DEDQGRQR PDWHULDO \ WDPSRFR OR LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]y WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD DGHPiV TXH OD GHPDQGDGD WXYR XQ HPEDUD]R SUHFR] DQWHV TXH VHSDUDUOH GHO KLMRKD\TXHWUDWDUGHGDUOHDSR\RHPRFLRQDOSDUDTXHHOYtQFXORPDWHUQRILOLDO VH UREXVWH]FD D ORV HIHFWRV SULRUL]DU OD SHUPDQHQFLD GHO QLxR HQ VX iPELWR QDWXUDO TXH HV VX IDPLOLD QXFOHDU \ HQ GHIHFWR GH HVWD OD DPSOLDGD $Vt OR $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< VDFUDWL]D OD &RQYHQFLyQ GH ODV 1DFLRQHV 8QLGDV VREUH ORV GHUHFKRV GHO QLxR UDWLILFDGDSRUQXHVWURSDtVSRU/H\19RWRGHODPD\RUtD MENORES:Protección de menores ([LVWH XQD WRWDO FRLQFLGHQFLD HQ FXDQWR D TXH OD IDPLOLD HV HO DPELHQWH PiV DGHFXDGRSDUDHOQRUPDOGHVDUUROORGHOVHUKXPDQRHVSRUHOOR TXHFDVLWRGDV ODV&RQYHQFLRQHVFRQWLHQHQXQDQRUPDTXHGHFODUDOD REOLJDFLyQ HVWDWDO GH YHODU SRU HO IRPHQWR VRFLDO GH OD IDPLOLD D HIHFWRV GH DVHJXUDUVXSHUPDQHQFLDHLQWHJULGDG9RWRGHODPD\RUtD NIÑO: /DV GLVSRVLFLRQHV FRQWHQLGDV HQ OD &RQYHQFLyQ GH ODV 1DFLRQHV 8QLGDV VREUH ORVGHUHFKRVGHOQLxRVHLQILHUH TXH OD IDPLOLD HV HO iPELWRQDWXUDOHQHOFXDO WRGR QLxR GHEH FUHFHU IXQGDGR HQ OD FRQYLFFLyQ GHO YDORU GHO JUXSR IDPLOLDU EDVDGR HVHQFLDOPHQWH HQ HO GHUHFKR D VX LGHQWLGDG ELROyJLFD HV GHFLU TXH QR SLHUGDVXYtQFXORGHSDUHQWHVFRFRQVXIDPLOLDGHVDQJUHRGHRULJHQ9RWRGH ODPD\RUtD NIÑO: /D IDPLOLD HV HQ SULQFLSLR LQVXVWLWXLEOH \ FRPR OR H[SUHVD OD &RQYHQFLyQ DUWtFXOR HO QLxR WLHQH GHUHFKR D QR VHU VHSDUDGR GH VXV SDGUHV VDOYR HQ VX FDVRVH[FHSFLRQDOPHQWHSRUHMHPSORHQFDVRGHDXVHQFLDItVLFDGHORVSDGUHV R GH VX WRWDO R JUDYH LQFDSDFLGDG SDUD HO FXPSOLPLHQWR GH ORV GHEHUHV D VX FDOLGDG GH WDOHV R VHD REMHWR GH PDOWUDWR R GHVFXLGR JUDYH SRU SDUWH GH VXV SDGUHV9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PRUEBA DE CONFESIÓN:Efectos (Q FXDQWR D OD SUXHED FRQIHVRULD WUDWiQGRVH GH XQD FRQIHVLyQ ILFWD QR KDFH SOHQDSUXHEDDGLIHUHQFLDGHODHVSRQWiQHD9RWRGHODPD\RUtD NIÑO: (Q YLUWXG GH ORV DUWtFXORV GH OD &1 HQ HO TXH VH SULYLOHJLD HO HMHUFLFLRGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGSRUSDUWHGHORVSURJHQLWRUHVFRQORFXDOVHHVWD SURWHJLHQGRHOGHUHFKRGHODPDGUH\DOSULQFLSLRGHOLQWHUpVVXSHULRUGHOQLxR TXHSRVHHUDLJDPEUHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHQHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUGHDXWRVVHEDVDHQHO UHVSHWRDOYtQFXORIDPLOLDUGHOQLxRDVXIDPLOLDQXFOHDURDPSOLDGDGLUHFWULFHV TXH ORV HQFRQWUDPRV HQ ORV DUW \ FRQFRUGDQWHV GH OD &RQYHQFLyQ GH ODV 1DFLRQHV 8QLGDV VREUH ORV 'HUHFKRV GHO 1LxR \ ORV DUWtFXORV \ GHO 3DFWRGH6DQ-RVpGH&RVWD5LFDSRUWDQWRFRUUHVSRQGHFRQILUPDUODVHQWHQFLD DSHODGDUHFKD]DQGRODSHUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGGHOD PDGUHELROyJLFDFRQ UHVSHFWRDVXKLMR9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida -85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/ 6HUHFKD]DHOSHGLGRGHODSHUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGGHOD PDGUHELROyJLFD FRQ UHVSHFWR D VX KLMR SRU QR KDEHUVH FRPSUREDGR OD FDXVDO GH DEDQGRQR FRPR WDPSRFR OD FDXVDO GH HMHPSORV R FRQVHMRV LQPRUDOHV R FRORFDUORV D VDELHQGDVHQOXJDUHVSHOLJURVRVSDUDODYLGDVDOXGRPRUDOGHOKLMRHVGHFLUQR VH KD SUREDGR HQ DXWRV HQ IRUPD IHKDFLHQWHLQFRQGXFWDRSHUYHUVLyQ FRQWUD OD GHPDQGDGDTXHFRORTXHDVXKLMRFRQVXDFWLWXGHQVLWXDFLyQGHSHOLJURItVLFRR SVtTXLFR9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida &DEHDFRWDUTXHODIDOWDGHUHFXUVRVHFRQyPLFRVQRHVFRQGLFLyQGHWHUPLQDQWH SDUDTXHXQQLxRVHDVXVWUDtGRGHVXIDPLOLDGHVDQJUH9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PATRIA POTESTAD: +DELpQGRVH RWRUJDGR OD WHQHQFLD GHO QLxR D VX SURJHQLWRUD HMHUFLHQGR FRPR OyJLFDFRQVHFXHQFLDHOHMHUFLFLRGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGFRUUHVSRQGHODUHVWLWXFLyQ GHO QLxR LQGLYLGXDOL]DGR D OD GHPDQGDGD SXHV XQR GH ORV HIHFWRV SHUVRQDOHV GHULYDGRV GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG VH HQFXHQWUD HO TXH HO QLxR YLYLU FRQ VX SURJHQLWRUD9RWRGHODPD\RUtD PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida 6L VH DGPLWLHUD OD SpUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG QR WHQGUtD DQGDPLDMH OD UHVWLWXFLyQ \ YLFHYHUVD GH GHVHFKDUVH OD SpUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG QHFHVDULDPHQWH GHELHUD KDFHUVH OXJDU D OD UHVWLWXFLyQ SRU WUDWDUVH GH SUHWHQVLRQHV FRQWUDSXHVWDV TXH QR DGPLWHQ RWUD IRUPD GH VROXFLyQ MXULVGLFFLRQDO ACUMULACIÓN DE PROCESOS: Requisitos $XQTXHQRVHKD\DIXQGDGRHOUHFXUVRGHQXOLGDGFRQWUDHODSDUWDGRQRTXHGD PiV UHPHGLR TXH GHFODUDUOD GH RILFLR SRU KDEHUVH GLFWDGR FRQWUDULDQGR ODV QRUPDV TXH KDFHQ UHIHUHQFLD D OD DFXPXODFLyQ GH ORV SURFHVRV HQ HVSHFLDO OD SUHYLVLyQFRQWHQLGDHQHODUWtFXORGHO&3&(QRWUDVSDODEUDVHO-X]JDGR HVWDED REOLJDGR D IDOODU UHVROYLHQGR WDPELpQ VREUH OD UHVWLWXFLyQ FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLDGHODDOXGLGDDFXPXODFLyQTXHTXHGyILUPHHQHOMXLFLRFRPRDFWR SURFHVDO PATRIA POTESTAD: Derechos y obligaciones inherentes a la 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(OVHJXQGRQ~FOHRGHSUHWHQVLyQGHOFRQGHQDGRHVODWUDQVFULSFLyQOLWHUDO GH OD GHPDQGD GH OD &RPLVLyQ ,QWHUDPHULFDQD GH 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV DQWH OD &RUWH ,QWHUDPHULFDQD GH 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV FRQWUD OD 5HS~EOLFD GHO 3DUDJXD\ HQ HO &DVR 1R³5LFDUGR&DQHVH´(QHOFLWDGRFDVRFRQWUDOD5HS~EOLFDGHO3DUDJXD\OD FRPLVLyQ ,QWHUDPHULFDQD GH 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV ±SHWLWRULR PHGLDQWH ± GHPDQGD HO LQFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODJDUDQWtDGHOGHUHFKRDODOLEHUWDGGHH[SUHVLyQGHFRQIRUPLGDG DO $UW HQ FRQFRUGDQFLD FRQ HO $UW GH OD &RQYHQFLyQ $PHULFDQD GH ORV -85,6358'(1&,$3(1$/ 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV &$'+ UDWLILFDGD SRU QXHVWUD 5HS~EOLFD SRU /H\ 1R 2WURVGHUHFKRV\JDUDQWtDVH[SUHVDGRVFRPRLQFXPSOLGRVVRQODV*DUDQWtDV-XGLFLDOHV $UW &$'+ HO 3ULQFLSLR GH /HJDOLGDG \ 5HWURDFWLYLGDG $UW &$'+ \ HO 'HUHFKRGH/LEHUWDGGH&LUFXODFLyQ\5HVLGHQFLD$UW&$'+ 'HODOHFWXUDGHODVUHVROXFLRQHVLQGLYLGXDOL]DGDVFRPR6'1RGHIHFKD GH0DU]RGHGLFWDGRSRUHO-X]JDGRGH3ULPHUD,QVWDQFLDHQOR&ULPLQDOGHO 3ULPHU7XUQRGHOD&DSLWDO\HO$FXHUGR\6HQWHQFLD1RGHIHFKDGH1RYLHPEUH GHGLFWDGRSRUHO7ULEXQDOGHO&ULPHQ±UD6DOD±&DSLWDOVHSXHGHLQIHULUTXH HO PDUFR QRUPDWLYR VXVWDQWLYR VREUH HO FXDO KD VLGR FRQVWUXLGD OD FRQGHQD \ VX FRQILUPDWRULD SDUFLDO IXH HO YLHMR Código Penal paraguayo de 1910, TXH VHJ~Q OD IHFKD GH RFXUUHQFLD GHO KHFKR FRQGHQDGR FRPR GH OD UHGDFFLyQ GH ODV UHVSHFWLYDV UHVROXFLRQHVHUDHOFXHUSRGHGHUHFKRSHQDOVXVWDQFLDOSRVLWLYR/RVWLSRVSHQDOHVGH 'LIDPDFLyQ$UW&3\HOGH,QMXULD$UW&3VHFRQVWLWX\HURQHQ HOPDUFRGHUHIHUHQFLDOHJDOSRVLWLYDSDUDORVyUJDQRVMXULVGLFFLRQDOHVVHQWHQFLDQWHV 1XHVWUD5HS~EOLFDFXHQWDFRQXQQXHYR&yGLJR3HQDOSURPXOJDGRHQIHFKD GH 1RYLHPEUH GH \ TXH VHJ~Q VX $UW HQWUy HQ YLJRU HO GtD GH 1RYLHPEUHGH0iVDOOiGHOWUHPHQGRFDPELyOHJLVODWLYRTXHKDVLJQLILFDGRHVWH QXHYRRUGHQDPLHQWRSHQDOVXVWDQWLYRSXHVWRTXHHOQXHYR&yGLJR3HQDOUHFRQRFHORV 3ULQFLSLRV \ ODV *DUDQWtDV TXH HPDQDQ GH QXHVWUD QXHYD &RQVWLWXFLyQ GH ,JXDOPHQWH OD QRUPD SHQDO YLJHQWH WUDQVIRUPy UDGLFDOPHQWH ORV WLSRV SHQDOHV GH 'LIDPDFLyQ$UWH,QMXUtD$UWKDFLpQGRODVPiVUHVSHWXRVDVGHO$UWGH OD&RQYHQFLyQ$PHULFDQDGH'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV &RQIRUPH D OD UHVROXFLyQ GHO 7ULEXQDO GH $SHODFLyQ HQ OR &ULPLQDO LPSXJQDGR ORV KHFKRV DFUHGLWDGRVKDQVLGRODVSDODEUDVGHO,QJ&DQHVHDSUHFLDGDV SRVWHULRUPHQWH HQ GRV PHGLRV GH SUHQVD HVFULWD HO GtD GH $JRVWR GH (Q FRQFUHWRHQWUHRWURVGLFKRVFRQIRUPHDO Diario ABC Color, VHH[SUHVDED“...en la práctica, el Ing. Wasmosy fue el prestanombre de la familia Stroessner en Conempa, Empresa que pasaba dividendos importantes al dictador”. 0LHQWUDV TXH HO diario Noticias GHODPLVPDIHFKDVHOHtD“...gracias al apoyo que le brindó la familia del dictador le permitió ser Presidente de Conempa, el consorcio que gozó el monopolio por parte paraguaya, de las obras civiles principales de Itaipú”.(VWDVDILUPDFLRQHV IXHURQ KHFKDV HQ HO FRQWH[WR GH XQD OXFKD SROtWLFD SRU DFFHGHU D OD 3ULPHUD 0DJLVWUDWXUDGHOD5HS~EOLFDSXHVWRTXHWDQWRHO,QJ&DQHVHFRPRHO,QJ:DVPRV\ HUDQ FRQWULQFDQWHV SROtWLFRV \ FDQGLGDWRV SRU VXV UHVSHFWLYRV 3DUWLGRV SROtWLFRV 2WUD FXHVWLyQ D VHU REVHUYDGD HV TXH HO ,QJ -XDQ &DUORV :DVPRV\ DOXGLGR GLUHFWDPHQWH SRU ODV SDODEUDV GHO ,QJ &DQHVH QXQFD DFFLRQy MXGLFLDOPHQWH FRQWUD HO PLVPR VLQR TXHIXHURQGLUHFWLYRVGHODHPSUHVDDOXGLGD $WHQWRVDORUHVXHOWRSRUHO7ULEXQDOGHO&ULPHQ± UD6DOD±&DSLWDOHQOD TXHVHDEVROYLyDO,QJ5LFDUGR&DQHVHGHOGHOLWRGH,QMXULDVVyORGHEHVHUDQDOL]DGR HO WLSR SHQDO GH 'LIDPDFLyQ 'HEHPRV QHFHVDULDPHQWH SDUWLU GH OD QRUPD FRQVWLWXFLRQDOODFXDODWUDYpVGHVX$UWFRQVDJUDOD/LEHUWDGGH([SUHVLyQ(VWD QRUPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOFRQIRUPHDORV$UWV\GHVXPLVPRFXHUSRFRQYLHUWH DO $UW GH OD &RQYHQFLyQ $PHULFDQD GH ORV 'HUHFKRV +XPDQRV HQ XQD QRUPD SUHYDOHQWH DO &yGLJR 3HQDO SDUDJXD\R YLJHQWH (Q OD SDUWH VXVWDQFLDO HVWD QRUPD H[SUHVD “Artículo 13.- Libertad de Pensamiento y de Expresión. 1. Toda Persona tiene derecho a la libertad de pensamiento y de expresión. Este derecho comprende la libertad de buscar, recibir y difundir informaciones e ideas de dota índole, sin consideración de fronteras, ya sea oralmente, por escrito o en forma impresa o artística, o por cualquier otro procedimiento de su elección. 2. El ejercicio del $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< derecho previsto en el inciso precedente no puede estar sujeto a previa censura, sino a responsabilidades ulteriores, las que deben estar expresamente fijadas por la Ley y ser necesarias para asegurar: a) El respeto a los derechos o a la reputación de los demás, o b) La protección de la seguridad nacional, el orden público o a la salud o la moral pública. 3. No se puede restringir el derecho de expresión por vías o medios indirectos, tales como el abuso de controles oficiales o particulares de papel para periódicos, de frecuencias radioeléctricas o de enseres y aparatos usados en la difusión de información o por cualesquiera otros medios encaminados a impedir la comunciación y la circulación de ideas y opiniones”. $GHPiVWHQHPRVODQRUPDGHO$UWGHO&yGLJR3HQDOTXHWLSLILFDHOGHOLWR GH 'LIDPDFLyQ TXH VHJ~Q SXHGH DSUHFLDUVH GH VX inciso primero, FXDOTXLHU LQIRUPDFLyQIDOVDRD~QYHUGDGHUDSXHGHGDUOXJDUDODUHSURFKDELOLGDGGHODJHQWHHQ WDQWR\HFXDQWRDTXpOODLQIRUPDFLyQVHD“capaz de lesionar” HOKRQRUGHXQWHUFHUR 3RU RWUD SDUWH HO inciso cuarto GHO PLVPR DUWtFXOR H[SUHVD “La afirmación o la divulgación no será penada cuando, sopesando los intereses y el deber de averiguación que incumba al autor de acuerdo con las circunstancias, se tratara de un medio proporcional para la defensa de los intereses públicos o privados”. /DV DILUPDFLRQHV GHO ,QJ &DQHVH HQ HO PDUFR SROtWLFR GH XQD FDPSDxD HOHFWRUDO D OD SULPHUD PDJLVWUDWXUD ± QHFHVDULDPHQWH LPSRUWDQ HQ XQD VRFLHGDG 'HPRFUiWLFDHQFDPLQDGDDXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQSDUWLFLSDWLYD\SOXUDOLVWDGHO3RGHUXQD FXHVWLyQ GH LQWHUpV S~EOLFR 1DGD PiV LPSRUWDQWH \ S~EOLFR TXH XQD GLVFXVLyQ \ SRVWHULRUHOHFFLyQSRSXODUGHO3ULPHU0DJLVWUDGRGHOD5HS~EOLFD 7DPELpQUHIOH[LRQDUVREUHHOLQFLVRTXLQWRGHOFLWDGRDUWtFXORSRUHOFXDOVH SRVLELOLWDODSUXHEDGHODYHUGDGGHOD DILUPDFLyQRGHODGLYXOJDFLyQFXDQGRHOODVH WUDWH ± HQWUH RWURV FDVRV ± GH “un medio proporcional para la defensa de intereses públicos”. 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Nº 6 de fecha 3 de marzo de 2000, donde se instruyó sumario y se decreta la detención preventiva del imputado Blas Zárate Garcete, no habiendo auto de prisión en su contra ni constancia del cumplimiento de su detención en autos. A fs. 103, obra que el citado se encuentra guardando reclusión en la Penitenciaría Nacional desde fecha 9 de mayo de 2002. Es mi informe. As. 31.12.2002”. Así mismo, a fojas 25 de autos, obra el Informe elevado por el Director de la Penitenciaría Nacional, Abog. Teodosio Silva, en el cual señala: “con relación al Oficio S.J. II Nº 105, de fecha 20 de diciembre de 2002, referente a la competencia del %DUULRV ±6FULD encausado Blás Nelson Zárate Garcete, a fin de presentarle a la citada persona con el siguiente informe: Guarda Reclusión en una institución penitenciaria desde el 9 de mayo de 2002, en los autos caratulados: “Blás Zárate Garcete, Darío Zárate, Diógenes Martínez, José Darío Garcete y un tal Tinti sobre Supuestos Hechos Punibles contra los Bienes de las Personas (Robo), Capital”, y remitido a esta por el Juzgado Penal de Liquidación y Sentencia Número Cuatro a cargo del Juez Carlos Ortiz Javier González Cruz”. 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LQWURGXFFLyQGHOSHQHHQHODQRSDUDTXHHOGHOLWRTXHGHFRQVXPDGRSRUTXHpVWHHVHO PRPHQWR HQ TXH WDQWR HO REMHWLYR SURSXHVWR SRU HO VXMHWR DFWLYR FRPR OD YLROHQFLD HMHUFLGDVREUHODYtFWLPDVHFRQMXJDQSDUDORJUDUHOPLVPRILQ $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6 '(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$< (Q FXDQWR D OD LPSXWDELOLGDG pVWD VXSRQH HO GROR HO FXDO FRQVLVWH HQ HO FRQRFLPLHQWRTXHWLHQHHODJHQWHGHOD IDOWDGHOHJLWLPLGDGHQ VXDFFLRQDUSXGLHQGR GHWHUPLQDUVXFRQGXFWDFRQIRUPHDODQRUPDQRKDFLpQGRORFRQRFLHQGRFRPRVHJXUR RSUREDEOHHOUHVXOWDGRTXHSURGXFLUiVXDFFLRQDU/DSUHVHQFLDGHOHOHPHQWRYROLWLYR GHWHUPLQiQGRVHDOOHYDUDGHODQWHHVDDFFLyQFRPSUHQGLpQGRODSOHQDPHQWH(QHOVXE MXGLFHHODGROHVFHQWH0$/3UH~QHORVHOHPHQWRVGHOGRORGLUHFWRHQVXDFFLRQDU DWDFDQGR D VX YtFWLPD $ 0 3 DSURYHFKDQGR FRQFLHQWHPHQWH HO HVWDGR GH LQGHIHQVLyQ GHO QLxR TXLHQ DSHQDV FRQWDED FRQ VLHWH DxRV GH HGDG HQ HYLGHQWH GHVYHQWDMDQRVRODPHQWHItVLFD±SRUVXHGDG±VLQRTXHHOPLVPRPHGLRH[WHULRUTXH FRQVSLUDWRWDOPHQWHFRQWUDVXVHJXULGDGSRUORTXH0$/3IiFLOPHQWHKDORJUDGRVX SURSyVLWR 'HER VHxDODU LJXDOPHQWH TXH VH GDQ ORV SUHVXSXHVWRV GH OD UHSURFKDELOLGDG SXHV HO DGROHVFHQWH 0$/3 WHQtD FDSDFLGDG GH FRPSUHQGHU VX KHFKR FRPR DQWLMXUtGLFR\ODSRVLELOLGDGGHFRPSRUWDUVHFRQIRUPHDHVHFRQRFLPLHQWRHOORVXUJH GHODLQVWUXPHQWDODJUHJDGRDIVGHDXWRV (OLQIRUPHPpGLFRSVLTXLiWULFRUHDOL]DGRSRUHO'U5RTXH9DOOHMRV6LTXLDWUD )RUHQVHGHOD&RUWH6XSUHPDGH-XVWLFLDGDEDFXHQWDTXH “M.A.L.P. es un menor de aproximadamente 16 años de edad, sexo masculino, quien se orienta bien en el tiempo y en el espacio. Su percepción alopsíquica, autopsíquica y somatopsíquica es correcta. Ello significa que percibe con claridad lo que ocurre en su entorno, dentro de sí y en el perímetro de su cuerpo. Al examen clínico no se detectan signos ni síntomas de patologías ruidosas en el sistema neuroendócrino. Su psicomotricidad está conservada”. 'H HVWD IRUPD HO DXWRU KD DFWXDGR FRQ GROR SXHV FRQRFtD FRPR VHJXUR HO UHVXOWDGR\SXGLHQGRGHWHUPLQDUVHFRQIRUPHDODQRUPDQRDGHFXyDpVWDVXFRQGXFWD (IHFWXDGDV ODV DQWHULRUHV FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV FRQFOX\R TXH GH OD HVWUXFWXUD GHO KHFKR SXQLEOH OD FRQGXFWD GH 0$/3 VXUJH FODUDPHQWH TXH HO DTXR QR VH DSDUWy GHOGHEHUTXHOHLPSRQHODOH\DODSOLFDUODQRUPDFRQWHQLGDGHQWURGHO$UWLQFLVR ~OWLPDSDUWHGHO&yGLJR3HQDOYLJHQWHTXHVHUHILHUHDXQDSHQDPtQLPDGHWUHV\ XQDPi[LPDGHTXLQFHDxRVHVODTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDODFRQGXFWDSURFHVDOGHOLQFRDGR \DOPLVPRWLHPSRGLFKDVDQFLyQSXQLWLYDUHVXOWDPXFKRPiVEHQLJQDTXHODSUHYLVWD SRU HO $UW GH OD OH\ PRGLILFDWRULR GHO $UW GHO &yGLJR GH TXH FRQWHPSODED XQD SHQDTXH YD GH GLHFLRFKR D YHLQWLFXDWUR DxRV GH SHQLWHQFLDUtD SDUD GHOLWRVGHHVWDQDWXUDOH]DFRPHWLGRVHQQLxRVGHRQFHDxRVFRPRHVHOFDVRGHDXWRV 'HDFXHUGRDORDSXQWDGRVHWLHQHTXHHODTXRDOKDEHUDGHFXDGRODFRQGXFWD UHSURFKDEOHGHODGROHVFHQWH0$/3DOWLSRSHQDOSUHYLVWRHQHO$UWGHO&yGLJR 3HQDO DFWXDO GLVSXVR GH XQD PD\RU GLVFUHFLRQDOLGDG SDUD PRULJHUDU OD VDQFLyQ SHQDO TXH D VX HQWHQGHU GHEH FRUUHVSRQGHU DO FLWDGR DGROHVFHQWH FDOLILFDFLyQ TXH FRUUHFWDPHQWHIXHFRQFRUGDGDFRQODGLVSRVLFLyQOHJDOFRQWHQLGDHQHODUWtFXORGHO PLVPRFXHUSROHJDOTXHSHUPLWHDWHQXDUORWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODHGDG±DxRV±DOD IHFKD GH OD FRPLVLyQ GHO KHFKR SRU HO TXH HV KDOODGR FXOSDEOH (Q FRQVHFXHQFLD QR H[LVWHQDGDTXHREMHWDUFRQUHVSHFWRDOSXQWRVHxDODGR $KRUD ELHQ tQWHULQ VH VXVWDQFLD ORV UHFXUVRV LQWHUSXHVWRV FRQWUD OD VHQWHQFLD GHSULPHUDLQVWDQFLDHQWUyHQYLJHQFLDHO&yGLJRGHOD1LxH]\OD$GROHVFHQFLD/H\ TXH HQ HO $UW SUHVFULEH “Al entrar en vigencia la presente ley, los Tribunales y la Corte Suprema de Justicia, según el caso, deberán revisar de oficio la totalidad de los procesos a su cargo, de acuerdo a las reglas siguientes:... b) Los procesos en trámite, con base en hechos regulados como delito o crimen, contra adolescentes que al momento de la comisión del hecho, su edad estuviere -85,6358'(1&,$3(1$/'(/$$'2/(6&(1&,$ comprendida entre los catorce y dieciocho años, continuarán tramitándose conforme a lo dispuesto en la presente ley y se resolverán de acuerdo a la misma;...... Si el proceso se encontrase en segunda instancia o en la Corte Suprema de Justicia, continuará tramitándose el recurso conforme a las disposiciones del Código Procesal Penal, aplicando la presente ley en todo lo que sea favorable al procesado.” 'HO SOH[R GHO QXHYR RUGHQDPLHQWR VXUJH FODUDPHQWH TXH HO SHQVDPLHQWR ('8&$7,92 GRPLQD ODV VDQFLRQHV TXH GHEHQ VHU DGRSWDGDV D ILQ GH FRQGXFLU DO LQIUDFWRU D XQ FDPELR GH YLGD GH FUHFLHQWH UHVSRQVDELOLGDG SDUD VX DGDSWDFLyQ D XQD YLGDVLQGHOLQTXLU (O LOXVWUH SHQDOLVWD ,UXUHWD *R\HQD DXWRU GHO &yGLJR 3HQDO XUXJXD\R IXQGDPHQWDED OD ILQDOLGDG GH ODV VDQFLRQHV GLFLHQGR “El menor delincuente es, las mas de las veces, un niño que no ha tenido hogar o que se ha formado en un hogar vicioso, moral y materialmente abandonado, y para quien lo único acertado y eficiente consiste en suministrarle la disciplina educativa de que se ha visto privado”. /D ILQDOLGDG HGXFDWLYD GH ODV VDQFLRQHV GLPDQD EiVLFDPHQWH GH OD QRUPDWLYD FXDVLFRQVWLWXFLRQDO&RQYHQFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOVREUHORV'HUHFKRVGHO1LxRTXHHQHO $UW SUHVFULEH ³Los Estados Partes reconocen el derecho de todo niño que sea considerado, acusado o declarado culpable de infringir las leyes penales a ser tratado de manera acorde con el fomento de su sentido de la dignidad y el valor, que fortalezca el respeto del niño por los derechos humanos y las libertades fundamentales de terceros y en la que se tenga en cuenta la edad del niño y la importancia de promover la reintegración del niño y de que éste asuma una función constructiva en la sociedad.” 5HLWHURHOSHQVDPLHQWRHGXFDWLYR\DFHGHQWURGHODVDQFLyQ 2WUR SULQFLSLR TXH VXUJH GH OD QRUPD LQWHUQDFLRQDO HV TXH ODV PHGLGDV GHEHQ JXDUGDU proporcionalidad FRQ ODV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV SHUVRQDOHV GHO LQIUDFWRU FRPR FRQ OD LQIUDFFLyQ $VXYH]/DV5HJODV0tQLPDVGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVSDUDOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ GH OD -XVWLFLD GH 0HQRUHV 5HJODV GH %HLMLQJ HQ HO Q~PHUR GHWHUPLQDQ ORV REMHWLYRVGHODMXVWLFLDGHPHQRUHV³El sistema de justicia de menores hará hincapié en el bienestar de estos y garantizará que cualquier respuesta a los menores delincuentes será proporcional a las circunstancias del delincuente y del delito”. /D 5HJODQ~PHUR\EDMRHOWtWXOR³3ULQFLSLRVUHFWRUHVGHODVHQWHQFLD\ODUHVROXFLyQ´ HVWDEOHFH “La decisión de la autoridad competente se ajustará a los siguientes principios: a) la respuesta que se de al delito será siempre proporcionada, no solo a las circunstancias y la gravedad del delito, sino también a las circunstancias y necesidades del menor así como a las necesidades de la sociedad; b) las restricciones a la libertad personal del menor se impondrán solo tras cuidadoso estudio y se reducirán al mínimo posible; c) solo se impondrá la privación de libertad personal en el caso de que el menor sea condenado por un acto grave en el que concurra violencia contra persona o por la reincidencia en cometer otros delitos graves, y siempre que no haya otra respuesta adecuada; d) en el examen de los casos se considerará primordial el bienestar del menor”. 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