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Sin las garantías los derechos son únicamente declaraciones. &RPRXQDDFFLyQSUHYHQWLYDSDUDHYLWDU ODYLRODFLyQGHXQRRYDULRVGHUHFKRV *DUDQWtDV&RQVWLWXFLRQDOHV &RPR XQD DFFLyQ FRUUHFWLYD SDUD GHWHQHU OD WUDQVJUHVLyQ D XQR R YDULRV GHUHFKRV &RPR XQD DFFLyQ UHSDUDGRUD FXDQGR VHKD\DQFRQVXPDGRODYLRODFLyQGHXQR RYDULRVGHUHFKRV ¿Qué tipo de garantías constitucionales existen? QDOHV 6ROR VL VH UHVSHWD HVWD MHUDUTXtD ODV QRUPDVLQIHULRUHVVRQYiOLGDV 6HJDUDQWLFHQ\UHVSHWHQORVGHUHFKRVHV WDEOHFLGRV HQ OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ \ SRU HOOR HVWiSURKLELGDVXOLPLWDFLyQ 1RVHDOWHUHHOFRQWHQLGRHLGHQWLGDGGHOD &RQVWLWXFLyQ 3RU HMHPSOR VL XQD DXWRULGDG HODERUD R UHIRUPD XQD OH\ UHJODPHQWR X RUGHQDQ]D /D&RQVWLWXFLyQHVWDEOHFHXQVLVWHPDLQWHJUDO VLHPSUHGHEHKDFHUORHQFXPSOLPLHQWRGHORV GH JDUDQWtDV SDUD OD SURWHFFLyQ GH ORV YDORUHV\SULQFLSLRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHV GHUHFKRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHV(OODVVHHQFXHQWUDQ FRQWHQLGDV HQ ORV DUWtFXORV DO GH OD 6L QR OR KDFH ODV JDUDQWtDV QRUPDWLYDV OH &RQVWLWXFLyQGHOD5HS~EOLFDGH SHUPLWHQ D ODV SHUVRQDV H[LJLU HO FDPELR GH HVDV QRUPDV \ OD VDQFLyQ GH ODV DXWRULGDGHV TXHQRODVUHVSHWHQ *DUDQWtDVQRUPDWLYDV *DUDQWtDVGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV *DUDQWtDVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV *DUDQWtDVMXULVGLFFLRQDOHV ¿Qué son las garantías normativas? 6RQ PHFDQLVPRV TXH EXVFDQ JDUDQWL]DU HO FDUiFWHU QRUPDWLYR GH OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ \ FRQ HOORDVHJXUDUTXH 7RGDQRUPDLQIHULRUOH\UHJODPHQWRRUGH QDQ]D UHVSHWH ORV PDQGDWRV FRQVWLWXFLR En resumen, las garantías normativas son los preceptos que garantizan el cumplimiento de la Constitución y particularmente de los derechos. 3URJUD PDGHGLYXOJDFLyQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOFRQODFLXGDGDQtD JDUDQWLFHQ ORV GHUHFKRV HVWDEOHFLGRV HQ OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ ¿Qué son las garantías de políticas públicas y servicios públicos? 6RQ PHFDQLVPRV TXH GH DFXHUGR FRQ HO SULQFLSLR GH VXSUHPDFtD GH OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ REOLJDQDTXHWRGDVODVDXWRULGDGHVSHUVRQDV \ DFWLYLGDGHV GHEDQ VXMHWDUVH D OR TXH GLJD OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ SDUWLFXODUPHQWH D WRGRV ORV GHUHFKRV 6HRULHQWDQDODHÀFDFLDGHORVGHUHFKRV GHOEXHQYLYLU *DUDQWL]DQ OD GLVWULEXFLyQ HTXLWDWLYD GH ELHQHV \ VHUYLFLRV S~EOLFRV \ OD LPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV *DUDQWL]DQ OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH ODV SHUVRQDV FRPXQLGDGHV SXHEORV \ QDFLRQDOLGDGHV (VWH WLSR GH JDUDQWtDV UHJXODQ VHJ~Q (QHOFDVRGHTXHXQDSROtWLFDS~EOLFDYXOQHUH GLVSRVLFLRQHV FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHV OD HMHFXFLyQ XQGHUHFKRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOH[LVWHODREOLJDFLyQ IRUPXODFLyQ HYDOXDFLyQ \ FRQWURO GH ODV MXUtGLFDGHPRGLÀFDUOD SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV \ VHUYLFLRV S~EOLFRV TXH 5HFXHUGD DV VRQ SROtWLFDV S~EOLF H G V WtD Q UD /DV JD DGHV D ODV DXWRULG Q D OLJ E R H X T PHFDQLVPRV JLGRV DO SURJUDPDV GLUL V H Q OD S U OOD R D GHVDUU OHV RVFRQVWLWXFLRQD K F UH H VG OR H G FXPSOLPLHQWR *DUDQWtDV&RQVWLWXFLRQDOHV ¿Qué son las garantías institucionales? (MHPSORV GH HVWH WLSR GH JDUDQWtDV VRQ HO SULQFLSLR GH VHSDUDFLyQ GH SRGHUHV HO UHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOFDUiFWHUODLFRGHO(VWDGR 6RQPHFDQLVPRVGHSURWHFFLyQTXHDVHJXUDQ WDPELpQFRQRFLGRFRPRVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHOD ODH[LVWHQFLDGHLQVWLWXFLRQHV\RUJDQL]DFLRQHV LJOHVLD \ HO (VWDGR HO SULQFLSLR GH OHJDOLGDG TXH FDUDFWHUL]DQ DO (VWDGR HFXDWRULDQR \ ODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQyUJDQRLQGHSHQGLHQWH\D JDUDQWL]DQVXLQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDG DXWyQRPR&RUWHR7ULEXQDO&RQVWLWXFLRQDOTXH JDUDQWLFHODVXSUHPDFtDGHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQ\ ODODERUGHO'HIHQVRUGHO3XHEORHQWUHRWURV Por ejemplo, cuando a un ciudadano le han vulnerado un derecho, este puede acudir a la Defensoría del Pueblo. 3URJUD PDGHGLYXOJDFLyQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOFRQODFLXGDGDQtD ¿Qué son las garantías jurisdiccionales? 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Corte Constitucional Juez/a ordinario $FFLyQSRULQFXPSOLPLHQWR $FFLyQH[WUDRUGLQDULDGHSURWHFFLyQ $FFLyQGHSURWHFFLyQ $FFLyQGHKiEHDVFRUSXV $FFLyQGHKiEHDVGDWD $FFHVRDODLQIRUPDFLyQS~EOLFD *DUDQWtDV&RQVWLWXFLRQDOHV ¿Qué son las medidas cautelares? 6RQ GLVSRVLFLRQHV R PHGLGDV WRPDGDV FRQMXQWD R LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH RWUDV JDUDQWtDV MXULVGLFFLRQDOHV SDUD HYLWDU PLWLJDU GHWHQHU OD DPHQD]D R YLRODFLyQ GH ORV GHUHFKRV UHFRQRFLGRV HQ OD &RQVWLWXFLyQ \ HQ LQVWUXPHQWRV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHGHUHFKRVKXPDQRV El incumplimiento de las medidas cautelares será sancionado de la misma manera que en los casos de incumplimiento de las sentencias de las garantías jurisdiccionales constitucionales. 3URJUD PDGHGLYXOJDFLyQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOFRQODFLXGDGDQtD ¿Ante quién puedes presentar una acción de protección? Acción de protección /D DFFLyQ GH SURWHFFLyQ WLHQH SRU REMHWR OD GHIHQVDHODPSDURGLUHFWR\HÀFD]GHWRGRV $QWHFXDOTXLHUMXH]GHSULPHUDLQVWDQFLD ORVGHUHFKRVUHFRQRFLGRVHQOD&RQVWLWXFLyQ 2QTGLGORNQ ¿Cuándo puedes presentar una acción de protección? &XDQGR H[LVWD XQD YXOQHUDFLyQ GH GHUHFKRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHV &XDQGR OD YXOQHUDFLyQ GH GHUHFKRV SURFHGH GH DFWRV X RPLVLRQHV GH FXDOTXLHUDXWRULGDGS~EOLFDQRMXGLFLDO &XDQGR OD YXOQHUDFLyQ GH ORV GHUHFKRV SURYHQJDGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV 6LODYXOQHUDFLyQSURYLHQHGHXQSDUWLFXODU FXDQGRSUHVWDVHUYLFLRVS~EOLFRVRDFW~D SRU GHOHJDFLyQ R FRQFHVLyQ R VL OD SHUVRQDDIHFWDGDHVWiHQXQDVLWXDFLyQ GHVXERUGLQDFLyQ\GHSHQGHQFLDVLHPSUH \FXDQGRHOGDxRVHDJUDYH 8Q HVWXGLDQWH VKXDU GH XQ FROHJLR HV H[SXOVDGR SRU HO KHFKR GH TXH HQ OXJDU GHXVDUXQLIRUPHXVDVXYHVWLPHQWDWtSLFD DFXViQGROR GH IDOWDU D ORV UHJODPHQWRV LQWHUQRV ¿Para qué se presenta la acción de protección? 3DUDUHVWDEOHFHUVXGHUHFKRDODHGXFDFLyQ D OD LGHQWLGDG FXOWXUDO D QR VHU GLVFULPLQDGR SRU UD]RQHV GH HWQLD D OD LJXDOGDG GH RSRUWXQLGDGHV D OD LQWHJULGDG SHUVRQDO (Q HVWH FDVR FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GHO UHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHVXVGHUHFKRVHOHVWXGLDQWH SRGUi UHLQFRUSRUDUVH LQPHGLDWDPHQWH DO FROHJLRTXHLQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWHORH[SXOVy *DUDQWtDV&RQVWLWXFLRQDOHV ¿Cuál es el procedimiento? ¿Cuándo puedes presentar una acción de hábeas corpus? 3DUD IDFLOLWDUWH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH HVWH SURFHGLPLHQWR UHYLVD OD LOXVWUDFLyQ GH ODV &XDQGRVHKD\DSULYDGRGHODOLEHUWDGDXQD SiJLQDV\ SHUVRQD GH PDQHUD LOHJDO R IUDXGXOHQWD SRU RUGHQ GH DXWRULGDG S~EOLFD R GH FXDOTXLHU SHUVRQD 6H SUHVHQWD HVWD DFFLyQ SDUD SURWHJHU OD YLGD \ OD LQWHJULGDG ItVLFD GH ODV Acción de hábeas corpus SHUVRQDVSULYDGDVGHOLEHUWDG (VXQDJDUDQWtDTXHSURWHJHHOGHUHFKRDOD OLEHUWDGGHTXLHQVHHQFXHQWUHSULYDGRGHHOOD GHIRUPDLOHJDODUELWUDULDRLOHJtWLPDSRURUGHQ GHDXWRULGDGS~EOLFDRGHFXDOTXLHUSHUVRQD 5HFXHUGD (Q HO FDVR GH TXH XQD SHUVRQD VHD H[LOLDGD IRU]RVDPHQWH SRU GHVDSDULFLyQ IRU]RVD SRU WRUWXUD R FXDQGR SRU H[SXOVLyQ SUHWHQGD VHU GHYXHOWDDVXSDtVGHRULJHQ\SRUHVWDFDXVD VXIUDSHUVHFXFLyQ DDSURWHJHUHO LG J LUL G i VW H Q Ly (VWDDFF ItVLFD DODLQWHJULGDG LG Y OD D R K F UH H G \ODOLEHUWDG 3URJUD PDGHGLYXOJDFLyQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOFRQODFLXGDGDQtD ¿Ante quién puedes presentar una acción de hábeas corpus? $QWHFXDOTXLHUMXH]GHSULPHUDLQVWDQFLD 2QTGLGORNQ 8QJUXSRGHFLXGDGDQRVVHHQFXHQWUDQ HQXQDFDQFKDGHEiVTXHWSUDFWLFDQGR GHSRUWHV 'H SURQWR OOHJD XQ DJHQWH GHSROLFtD\ORVGHWLHQHDUELWUDULDPHQWH VLQFRQWDUFRQXQDRUGHQGHGHWHQFLyQ HPLWLGDSRUXQMXH] ¿Para qué se presenta la acción de hábeas corpus? 3DUD UHVWDEOHFHU HO GHUHFKR D OD OLEHUWDG \ SURWHJHU HO GHUFKR D OD YLGD DVt FRPR OD LQWHJULGDG ItVLFD GH ORV FLXGDGDQRV SULYDGRV GHHOODLOHJDOHLQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH *DUDQWtDV&RQVWLWXFLRQDOHV FRQVXDXWRUL]DFLyQODMXH]DRMXH]FRQYRFDUi D DXGLHQFLD DO Pi[LPR UHSUHVHQWDQWH GH OD 3ROLFtD\DOPLQLVWURFRPSHWHQWH ¿Cuál es el procedimiento? 3UHVHQWDU OD DFFLyQ GH KiEHDV FRUSXV DQWHFXDOTXLHUMXH]GHSULPHUDLQVWDQFLD ,QPHGLDWDPHQWH HO MXH] FRQYRFDUi D XQD DXGLHQFLD GHQWUR GH ODV KRUDV VLJXLHQWHV(QODDXGLHQFLDVHSUHVHQWDUi OD RUGHQ GH GHWHQFLyQ FRQ ODV IRUPDOLGDGHVOHJDOHVTXHODMXVWLÀTXHQ (O MXH] RUGHQDUi OD SUHVHQFLD GHO GHWHQLGR GH OD DXWRULGDG UHVSRQVDEOH GHODGHWHQFLyQGHOGHIHQVRUS~EOLFR\ GHTXLHQVROLFLWyODDFFLyQ 'HVHUQHFHVDULRODDXGLHQFLDVHUHDOL]DUi HQ HO OXJDU GRQGH VH KDOOH HO GHWHQLGR SULYDGRGHVXOLEHUWDG ¿Qué ocurre cuando se desconoce el lugar de privación de la libertad del detenido? &XDQGR HVWR VXFHGD \ H[LVWDQ LQGLFLRV GH OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ GH IXQFLRQDULRV S~EOLFRV R GH DJHQWHV GHO (VWDGR R SHUVRQDV TXH DFW~HQ (QGLFKDDXGLHQFLDVHDGRSWDUiQODVPHGLGDV QHFHVDULDV SDUD XELFDU DO GHWHQLGR \ D ORV UHVSRQVDEOHVGHVXGHWHQFLyQ ¿Qué resolverá la jueza o el juez? 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