eduardo josé acuña gamba la prueba pericial en ĕĜēūĔęėğėĕĞĕĢđĜĔĕĜĠĢğēĕģğ análisis de las consecuencias generadas por la eliminación de la posibilidad de objetar el dictamen pericial* Eduardo José Acuña Gamba** Resumen &TUBJOWFTUJHBDJØOBOBMJ[BMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTEFMPTDBNCJPTRVFTVGSJØ MB QSVFCB QFSJDJBM DPO MB SFGPSNB EFM $ØEJHP (FOFSBM EFM 1SPDFTP RVF FO BEFMBOUF MMBNBSFNPT $(1 FTUP TF MMFWB B DBCP B USBWÏT EF VOBNFUPEPMPHÓBBOBMÓUJDPEFTDSJQUJWBRVFFTBOBMÓUJDBQPSRVFCVTDB EFTDPNQPOFS DBEB VOP EF MPT GBDUPSFT RVF JOUFHSBO MB SFGPSNB FO FTUVEJP Z FT EFTDSJQUJWB QPSRVF QSFUFOEF EBS DVFOUB EF MB SFBMJEBE FTUVEJBEB DPNP QSJNFS JOUFOUP QBSB MPHSBS TV USBOTGPSNBDJØO $PO 3FDJCJEPNBS[PEF"DFQUBEPKVOJPEF * ** "SUÓDVMP JOÏEJUP &M QSFTFOUF BSUÓDVMP FT FM SFTVMUBEP EFM USBCBKP EF JOWFTUJHBDJØO QBSB QSFTFOUBSVOBQPOFODJBFOMBSFETPDJPKVSÓEJDB "DUVBMNFOUF DVSTB 9 TFNFTUSF EF %FSFDIP FO MB 6OJWFSTJEBE 4BOUP 5PNÈT 5VOKB NPOJUPSBDBEÏNJDPEF5FPSÓBEFM&TUBEPZMB$POTUJUVDJØOEVSBOUFTJFUFTFNFTUSFTZ EF%FSFDIP1SPDFTBM"ENJOJTUSBUJWPEVSBOUFEPTTFNFTUSFTNJFNCSPEFMTFNJMMFSPEF JOWFTUJHBDJØO FO %FSFDIP "ENJOJTUSBUJWP fuyse-gue BETDSJUP BM $FOUSP EF *OWFTUJHBDJPOFT 4PDJPKVSÓEJDBT 1POFOUF Z BDSFFEPS B iNFKPS QPOFODJB EF -BUJOPBNÏSJDB” DPO FM SFDPOPDJNJFOUP i%JTUJODJØO 'SBUFSOJUBT” FO FM $POHSFTP *OUFSOBDJPOBM EF %FSFDIP 1PMÓUJDBZ$VMUVSBDFMFCSBEPFO#SBTJMFOMBTDJVEBEFTEF$BSVSÞZ3FDJGFBDSFFEPSEFM SFDPOPDJNJFOUPQPSMBEFTUBDBEBQBSUJDJQBDJØOFOMB5FSDFSB&EJDJØOEFMB$PNQFUFODJB 6OJWFSTJUBSJBTPCSF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT4FSHJP(BSDÓB3BNÓSF[DFMFCSBEPEFMBMEF TFQUJFNCSFEFFOMB'BDVMUBEEF%FSFDIPEFMB6OJWFSTJEBE/BDJPOBM"VUØOPNBEF .ÏYJDP"VUPSEFWBSJPTBSUÓDVMPTKVSÓEJDPT issn - tQQt&OFSP+VOJPEFt#PHPUÈ%$$PMPNCJB la prueba pericial en el código general del proceso FTUFJOTUSVNFOUPTFQSFUFOEFEFTBSSPMMBSUSFTPCKFUJWPTRVFDPJODJEFO DPO MB FTDJTJØO EFM BSUÓDVMP FO USFT FUBQBT MB QSJNFSB SFGFSFOUF BM BMDBODFEFMBOPSNBRVFOPQFSNJUFPCKFUBSFMEJDUBNFOQFSJDJBMQPS FSSPS HSBWF -B TFHVOEB DPSSFTQPOEF B VO BOÈMJTJT EF MB QPTUVSB EF MB$PSUF$POTUJUVDJPOBMSFTQFDUPEFFTUFQSPCMFNB-BUFSDFSBBVOB IJQØUFTJTEFWVMOFSBDJØOEFMEFSFDIPEFJHVBMEBEZDPOUSBEJDDJØOFO FM QSPDFTP DPO MB BQMJDBDJØO EF MB OPSNB 'JOBMNFOUF TF DPODMVZF RVF DPO MB BQMJDBDJØO EF EJDIB OPSNB TF WVMOFSBO MB JHVBMEBE Z MB DPOUSBEJDDJØOEFMBQBSUFRVFOPQVFEFBQPSUBSVOEJDUBNFOQFSJDJBMBM QSPDFTPQSPEVDUPEFTVQSFDBSJFEBEFDPOØNJDB Palabras clave%JDUBNFOQFSJDJBMPCKFDJØOQPSFSSPSHSBWFPSBMJEBE QSJODJQJPEFJHVBMEBEQSJODJQJPEFDPOUSBEJDDJØO Abstract ͳJTSFTFBSDIBOBMZ[FTUIFDPOTFRVFODFTPGUIFDIBOHFTUIBUFYQFSU XJUOFTTIBTTVĉFSFEXJUIUIFSFGPSNPG$(1DBSSZPVUCZBEFTDSJQUJWFBOBMZUJDBM NFUIPEPMPHZ UIBU JT BOBMZUJDBM CFDBVTF JU TFFLT UP CSFBLEPXOFBDIPOFPGUIFGBDUPSTUIBUNBLFVQUIFSFGPSNJOTUVEZ BOE JT EFTDSJQUJWF CFDBVTF TFFLT UP FYQMBJO UIF SFBMJUZ TUVEJFE BT B mSTU BUUFNQU UP BDIJFWF JUT USBOTGPSNBUJPO 8JUI UIJT JOTUSVNFOU UIF JOUFOUJPO JT UP EFWFMPQ UISFF PCKFDUJWFT UIBU NBUDI XJUI UIF EJWJTJPO PG UIF BSUJDMF JO UISFF TUBHFT ͳF mSTU DPODFSOJOH UP UIF SFBDIPGUIFOPSNUIBUEPFTOPUBMMPXPCKFDUUPUIFPQJOJPOPGUIF FYQFSU XJUOFTT CZ TFSJPVT NJTUBLF ͳF TFDPOE DPSSFTQPOET UP BO BOBMZTJTPGUIFQPTJUJPOPGUIF$POTUJUVUJPOBM$PVSUPOUIJTJTTVFͳF UIJSE JT B IZQPUIFTJT PG UIF JOGSJOHFNFOU PG UIF FRVBMJUZ SJHIU BOE DPOUSBEJDUJPOJOUIFQSPDFTTXJUIUIFOPSNBQQMJDBUJPO"OEmOBMMZ JUDPODMVEFTUIBUXJUIUIFTBJEOPSNBQQMJDBUJPOUIFFRVBMJUZPGUIF QBSUUIBUDBOOPUDPOUSJCVUFBOFYQFSUXJUOFTTPQJOJPOUPUIFQSPDFTT JTWJPMBUFEQSPEVDUPGJUTFDPOPNJDQSFDBSJPVTOFTT Key words &YQFSU PQJOJPO PCKFDUJPO CZ TFSJPVT NJTUBLF PSBMJUZ FRVBMJUZQSJODJQMFDPOUSBEJDUJPOQSJODJQMF %FMPBOUFSJPSQBSBOPTPUSPTTVSHFVOJOUFSSPHBOUFBMSFEFEPSEFMDVBMWBB HJSBSFMEFTBSSPMMPEFFTUBJOWFTUJHBDJØO {$VÈMFTTPOMBTJNQMJDBDJPOFTRVFTFHFOFSBOBMJOUFSJPSEFMQSPDFTPDJWJMQPS MBFMJNJOBDJØOEFMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFPCKFUBSFMEJDUBNFOQFSJDJBMSFTQFDUPEFMB DPOUSBEJDDJØOEFMBQSVFCB Revista del Instituto Colombiano de Derecho Procesal t/P eduardo josé acuña gamba resultados parciales. . Antecedentes -B QSVFCB QFSJDJBM UJFOF TVT QSJNFSBT BQBSJDJPOFT FO FM %FSFDIP 3PNBOP BM SFTQFDUP FM QSPGFTPS 1BSSB 2VJKBOP BQVOUB RVF iFO FM %FSFDIP 3PNBOP OP TF QVFEF IBCMBS QSPQJBNFOUF EF MB QFSJDJB QPS DVBOUP OP IBCÓB QSPEVDDJØO EFM NFEJP QSPCBUPSJP 4F OPNCSBCB B VO KVF[ FYQFSUP FO MB NBUFSJB PCKFUP EF MB LitisEFUBMNBOFSBRVFFMKVF[OPOFDFTJUBCBEFFTUBQSVFCBQPSRVFFMSFVOÓBMB EPCMFDBMJEBEEFKVF[ZQVOUVBMw1. &OFMQSPDFTPEFDPEJmDBDJØOTFDPOTBHSBQPSQSJNFSBWF[iy FOMBPSEFOBO[B EF#MPJTFOZUVWPDPOTBHSBDJØOGPSNBMFOMPTDØEJHPTEFQSPDFEJNJFOUP QPSFKFNQMPFOFMBOUJHVPQFOBMGSBODÏTBVTUSJBDPEFZFMQFOBMQSVTJBOP QBSBMVFHPMMFHBSBMPTDØEJHPTDJWJMFTZQFOBMFTEF&VSPQBEFMPTTJHMPT9*9Z99 y w &UJNPMØHJDBNFOUFMBQFSJDJBQSPDFEFEFMMBUÓOperitia RVFTJHOJmDBFYQFSJFODJB EFperitosRVFUSBEVDFFYQFSJNFOUBEPFOFMTFOUJEPHSBNBUJDBMEFOPUBIBCJMJEBE QSBDUJDB Z EFTUSF[B &T EFDJS VOB QFSTPOB RVF UJFOF VO BNQMJP DPOPDJNJFOUP TPCSFVOBNBUFSJB. %FMPBOUFSJPSTFJOmFSFMBWJUBMJNQPSUBODJBEFMBMBCPSQFSJDJBMZBRVFOBEJF QVFEFTFSFYQFSUPFOUPEPQPSUBMSB[ØOFMKVF[DVBOEPWBBJNQBSUJSKVTUJDJBTF WBMFEFMBVYJMJPEFQSPGFTJPOBMFTFYQFSUPTFOEJWFSTBTEJTDJQMJOBTQBSBUFOFSVO DPODFQUPTFSJPZDPOmBCMFFOMBWFSBDJEBEEFMGBMMPRVFTFWBBQSPGFSJS &OUPODFT iTF USBUB EF VOB BDUJWJEBE EF QFSTPOBT FTQFDJBMNFOUF DBMJmDBEBT QPSTVFYQFSUJDJBPDPOPDJNJFOUPTUÏDOJDPTBSUÓTUJDPTPDJFOUÓmDPTFOSFMBDJØO DPOIFDIPTUBNCJÏOFTQFDJBMFTRVFSFRVJFSFOFTBDBQBDJEBEQBSUJDVMBSQBSBTV BEFDVBEBQFSDFQDJØOZQBSBMBDPSSFDUBWFSJmDBDJØOEFTVTSFMBDJPOFTDPOPUSPT IFDIPT EF TVT DBVTBT Z EF TVT FGFDUPT P TJNQMFNFOUF QBSB TV BQSFDJBDJØO F JOUFSQSFUBDJØOw4. %JDIB BDUJWJEBE QFSJDJBM iFT FM BDUP QSPDFEJNFOUBM FO FM RVF FM UÏDOJDP P FTQFDJBMJTUBFOVOBSUFPDJFODJBQSFWJPFYBNFOEFVOBQFSTPOBEFVOBDPOEVDUB 1 1"33"26*+"/0+BJSPTratado de la prueba judicial.#PHPUÈ&EJDJPOFTEFMQSPGFTJPOBMQ %&7*4 &$)"/%*" )FSOBOEP Teoría general de la prueba judicial. #PHPUÈ 5FNJT Q 1"#»/ 1"33" 1FESP "MGPOTP La prueba pericial en el sistema acusatorio. #PHPUÈ -JCSFSÓB+VSÓEJDB4ÈODIF[-5%"Q 4 %&7*4&$)"/%*"0QDJUQ issn - tQQt&OFSP+VOJPEFt#PHPUÈ%$$PMPNCJB la prueba pericial en el código general del proceso IFDIPPDPTBFNJUFVOEJDUBNFODPOUFOJFOEPTVQBSFDFSZMPTSB[POBNJFOUPT UÏDOJDPT TPCSF MB NBUFSJB TPCSF MB RVF TF IB QFEJEP TV JOUFSWFODJØOw 1PS UBM SB[ØO FM QSPGFTPS #FSUFM 0WJFEP DPODJCF RVF iFM PCKFUP NBUFSJBM EF MB QSVFCB QFSJDJBMFTMBDPTBDPOEVDUBPSFMBDJØORVFEFCBTFSNBUFSJBEFEFNPTUSBDJØO FOFMQSPDFTPKVEJDJBMw. &O FM NJTNP TFOUJEP PUSPT BVUPSFT TF×BMBO RVF iMB QFSJUBDJØO FT FM NFEJP QBSUJDVMBSNFOUF FNQMFBEP QBSB USBOTNJUJS Z BQPSUBS BM QSPDFTP EF OPDJPOFT UÏDOJDBTZPCKFUPTEFQSVFCBQBSBDVZBEFUFSNJOBDJØOZBERVJTJDJØOTFSFRVJFSFO DPOPDJNJFOUPTFTQFDJBMFTZDBQBDJEBEUÏDOJDBw. 6OBEFMBTDVFTUJPOFTNÈTEFCBUJEBTFOUPSOPBMBQSVFCBQFSJDJBMFTMBEFTV OBUVSBMF[B GSFOUF B MB DVBM TF IBO EBEP GVOEBNFOUBMNFOUF EPT QPTUVSBT 1PS VOMBEPBVUPSFTDPNP%FWJT&DIBOEJBSFmFSFOMBQPTUVSBEF$BSOFMVUUJZEFKBO DMBSPRVFiFMQFSJUPBQBSFDFOPDPNPVOBGVFOUFEFQSVFCBTJOPDPNPVONFEJP EFJOUFHSBDJØOEFMBBDUJWJEBEEFMKVF[w&TUBDPODFQDJØOQBSUFEFMBJEFBEFRVFMB QPTJCJMJEBEEFiDPOPDFSPBQSFDJBSMPTIFDIPTDPSSFTQPOEFBMKVF[wEFNPEPRVF MBQSVFCBQFSJDJBMiOPJOUSPEVDFIFDIPTOVFWPTTJOPRVFTPCSFVOPTIFDIPTZB BQPSUBEPTQSPQPSDJPOBBMKVF[NÈYJNBTEFFYQFSJFODJBQBSBDPNQMFNFOUBSTV DBQBDJEBEEFKVJDJPw&TUBQPTUVSBTFDFOUSBFOMBGVODJØOEFMQFSJUPFOBVYJMJP EFMBGVODJØOKVSJTEJDDJPOBMZDPOmHVSBFMEJDUBNFOQFSJDJBMDPNPMBBQPSUBDJØO BMQSPDFTPEFDPOPDJNJFOUPTUÏDOJDPTFTQFDJBMJ[BEPTRVFGBDJMJUBOFMKVJDJPEFVO KVF[ 1PS PUSP MBEP VO TFDUPS EPDUSJOBM DPOTJEFSB RVF MB QSVFCB QFSJDJBM FT VO NFEJPEFQSVFCB1PSFKFNQMP(VBTQ11Z'POU4JFSSBEFmFOEFORVFMBQSVFCB QFSJDJBMiFTVONFEJPEFQSVFCBFOMBNFEJEBFORVFDPOTVBDUJWJEBETFCVTDBMB $0-*/4«/$)&;(VJMMFSNPDerecho mexicano de procedimientos penal.$JVEBEEF .ÏYJDP1PSSÞBQ #&35&-07*&%0«MWBSPDerecho probatorio. #PHPUÈ(SVQP&EJUPSJBM*CÈ×F[ Q '-03*"/&VHFOJPDe las pruebas penales.$JVEBEEF.ÏYJDP&EJUPSJBM1PSSÞB Q %&7*4&$)"/%*"0QDJUQ 4*&33" %0.¶/(6&; .BOVFM De la prueba de los peritos. .BESJE &EFSTB Q "30$".0/5&30+VBO035&--43".04.BOVFM(».&;$0-0.&3+VBO -VJTDerecho jurisdiccional.#BSDFMPOB#PTDIQ 11 (6"41 +BJNF Comentarios a la ley de enjuiciamiento civil. .BESJE "HVJMBS &EJUPS Q '0/5 4*&33" &EVBSEP La prueba de peritos en el proceso civil español. #BSDFMPOB )JTQBOP&VSPQFBQ Revista del Instituto Colombiano de Derecho Procesal t/P eduardo josé acuña gamba DPOWJDDJØOEFMKVF[TPCSFMBFYJTUFODJBPJOFYJTUFODJBEFDJFSUPTEBUPTQSPDFTBMFT QVFTUPRVFTFMMFWBOBMQSPDFTPDPOPDJNJFOUPTFTQFDJBMJ[BEPTQBSBmKBSIFDIPT DPOUSPWFSUJEPTRVFOFDFTJUBOTFSBQSFDJBEPTEFNBOFSBSBDJPOBMQPSFMKV[HBEPSw 'SFOUFBMBOBUVSBMF[BEFMPTQFSJUPTZTVQBQFMFOFMKVJDJPDPNPTFFYQVTP BOUFSJPSNFOUFBMHVOPTTPTUJFOFORVFFMQFSJUPFTVOWFSEBEFSPUFTUJHPPUSPTRVF FTVOBFTQFDJFEFÈSCJUSPZPUSPTmOBMNFOUFRVFFTVONFSPBVYJMJBSEFMKVF[-B WFSEBEFTRVFQBSBPUSPTBVUPSFTFMiEJDUBNFOQFSJDJBMFTVONFEJPEFQSVFCBsui generis” MPDVBMFYQMJDBMBTEJWFSTBTPQJOJPOFTBQVOUBEBTQPSMBDJSDVOTUBODJB EFRVFFMQFSJUPQBSUJDJQBZBFOVOPEFMPTQBQFMFTRVFTFMFBTJHOFOZBFOPUSP TFHÞOFMDBTP "EFNÈTEFMBGVODJØOQSPCBUPSJBRVFFMQFSJUPEFCFEFTFNQF×BSFOFMQSPDFTP DVBOEP BDUÞB TPCSF MPT IFDIPT Z MPT TVCTVNF FO MBT NÈYJNBT EF FYQFSJFODJB RVFÏMJODPSQPSBFOPUSBTPDBTJPOFTiFMQFSJUPQSPQPSDJPOBTJNQMFNFOUFFTUBT NÈYJNBT EF FYQFSJFODJB Z TVQMF MB GBMUB EF DPOPDJNJFOUPT FTQFDJBMJ[BEPT EFM KV[HBEPSTVQVFTUPFOFMDVBMBDUÞBDPNPVONFSPBVYJMJBSEFMØSHBOPKVSJTEJDDJPOBMTJODVNQMJSFTUSJDUBNFOUFMBmOBMJEBEQSPCBUPSJBw14. . Código general del proceso, oralidad y eliminación del dictamen pericial por error grave. &O FTUB TFDDJØO WBNPT B FTCP[BS EF NBOFSB TVDJOUB MB QSPCMFNÈUJDB RVF TF FWJEFODJB FO UPSOP B MB FMJNJOBDJØO EF MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF PCKFUBS FM EJDUBNFO KVEJDJBMQPSFSSPSHSBWF&MMPDPOGVOEBNFOUPFOMBHSBWFWJPMBDJØOEFMEFSFDIP EFEFGFOTBZEFJHVBMEBEEFBMHVOBEFMBTQBSUFTPBNCBT DVBOEPOPUJFOFMB QPTJCJMJEBEEFBQPSUBSPDPOUSPWFSUJSVOEJDUBNFOQFSJDJBM . ¿Oralidad o escrituralidad? Sigue el debate. 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