Mapa de Oportunidades del Huila 2 0 1 1 Luis Guillermo Vélez Cabrera Superintendente de Sociedades Julio César Triana Quintero Melquisedec Torres Ortiz Coordinadores del proyecto Ángela Marcela Másmela Delgadillo José Danilo Castro Velasco Analistas Contenido 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHO6XSHULQWHQGHQWHGH6RFLHGDGHV (QWRUQRGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLODHQHOFRQWH[WRQDFLRQDO 3URGXFWRLQWHUQREUXWR ,QIODFLyQ 'HVHPSOHR &RPHUFLRH[WHULRU 1HFHVLGDGHVEiVLFDVLQVDWLVIHFKDV &RPSHWLWLYLGDGGHSDUWDPHQWDO $VSHFWRVWHyULFRV\PHWRGROyJLFRV 'LDPDQWHGH3RUWHU9HQWDMDVFRPSDUDWLYDV\YHQWDMDVFRPSHWLWLYDV 3URFHVRHVWUDWpJLFR 0HWRGRORJtDXWLOL]DGDHQHOHVWXGLR 3ROtWLFDVGHGHVDUUROORQDFLRQDO\UHJLRQDO 6HFWRUHVGHFODVHPXQGLDO 7UDWDGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLR =RQDV)UDQFDV &RQWUDWRVGHHVWDELOLGDGMXUtGLFD 3URJUDPDGHHPSUHQGLPLHQWR 3URJUDPDGHSURGXFWLYLGDG\FRPSHWLWLYLGDG ,QFHQWLYRVWULEXWDULRVQDFLRQDOHV 3ROtWLFDVGHGHVDUUROORUHJLRQDOGHO+XLOD 'LDJQyVWLFRHPSUHVDULDOGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLOD 5HJLVWURGHFUHDFLyQGHHPSUHVDV 0RYLPLHQWRGHVRFLHGDGHVHQOD&iPDUDGH&RPHUFLRGH1HLYD 3iJ 3 4 (YROXFLyQGHORVVHFWRUHVHFRQyPLFRVHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLOD 6HUYLFLRVS~EOLFRV\UHGYLDO 6HFWRUHVHVWUDWpJLFRVLGHQWLILFDGRVHQODDJHQGDGHSURGXFWLYLGDG 3UR\HFWRVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDODUHJLyQHQHMHFXFLyQ $QiOLVLVGH(VWDGRV)LQDQFLHURVUHSRUWDGRVDOD6XSHULQWHQGHQFLDGH6RFLHGDGHV SRUODVHPSUHVDVGHO+XLOD 2WUDVHPSUHVDVLPSRUWDQWHVORFDOL]DGDVHQ+XLOD 6RFLHGDGHVGHIDPLOLDHQHO+XLOD 1HLYDFLXGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHV $FWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDVPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVGH1HLYD 3UR\HFWRVGHOD*REHUQDFLyQGHO+XLODSDUD1HLYD ,QFHQWLYRVWULEXWDULRV\UHGXFFLyQGHWUiPLWHVGHOPXQLFLSLRGH1HLYD 5HVXPHQGH2SRUWXQLGDGHV\IRUWDOH]DVVHFWRULDOHVGH1HLYD 2SRUWXQLGDGHV\IRUWDOH]DVGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLOD 6HFWRUHVGHFODVHPXQGLDOHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLOD $SURYHFKDPLHQWRGHORVLQFHQWLYRVWULEXWDULRVQDFLRQDOHV\ORFDOHV 3ROtWLFDVHFWRULDOUHJLRQDOGHO3ODQGH'HVDUUROOR 6HFWRUHVHVWUDWpJLFRVLGHQWLILFDGRVHQOD$JHQGD,QWHUQD 3ODQ5HJLRQDOGH&RPSHWLWLYLGDGGHO+XLOD ,QFHQWLYRVHQRWURVSURJUDPDV 6HFWRUHVHVWUDWpJLFRVHYDOXDGRVFRQODLQIRUPDFLyQGHOD6XSHULQWHQGHQFLDGH6RFLHGDGHV 2SRUWXQLGDGHVGHLQYHUVLyQ\QHJRFLRV 5HIHUHQFLDV%LEOLRJUiILFDV 2011 Presentación El Huila: una mina de oportunidades (QXQDGHPLVDFRVWXPEUDGDVFRQIHUHQFLDVFRQHPSUHVDULRVHVDYH]HQ HOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLODPHDWUHYtDGHFLUTXHDGHPiVGHIROFORUDVDGRV \EDPEXFRVHO+XLODHUDWDPELpQXQDYHUGDGHUD³PLQDGHRSRUWXQLGDGHV´ HPSUHVDULDOHV %XHQDSDUWHGHODDXGLHQFLDTXHGyVRUSUHQGLGDDQWHWDODILUPDFLyQ\DOJX QRVGHORVDVLVWHQWHVVHPHDFHUFDURQSDUDVXJHULUODSRVLELOLGDGGHGHVD UUROODUFRQHOFRQFXUVRGHOD6XSHULQWHQGHQFLDGH6RFLHGDGHVXQPDSDGH RSRUWXQLGDGHVGHQHJRFLRHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWR )XH DVt FRPR SXVLPRV DO VHUYLFLR GH ORV KXLOHQVHV HO LQYDOXDEOH UHFXUVR KXPDQR\WpFQLFRGHOD6XSHULQWHQGHQFLDFRQHOILQGHKDFHUXQDQiOLVLV FRPSOHWRGHODVULTXH]DVHFRQyPLFDVQDWXUDOHV\FXOWXUDOHVGHOGHSDUWD PHQWRODVTXHMXQWRFRQODVFXDOLGDGHV\FDSDFLGDGHVGHVXJHQWHVRQ PDWHULDSULPDSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHODVORFRPRWRUDVGHSURJUHVRVRFLDO (VWH GRFXPHQWR RIUHFH XQD YLVLyQ JHQHUDO GH ODV SULQFLSDOHV YDULDEOHV PDFURHFRQyPLFDV GHO GHSDUWDPHQWR FRPSDUDGDV FRQ HO UHVWR GHO SDtV \ DGHPiV SUHVHQWD DOJXQRV DVSHFWRV WHyULFRV TXH SHUPLWHQ GHWHFWDU ODV SRWHQFLDOLGDGHV QR VRODPHQWH HQ ORV GLVWLQWRV VHFWRUHV HFRQyPLFRV VLQR WDPELpQGHODVVXEUHJLRQHVGHSDUWDPHQWDOHV /DPHWRGRORJtDXWLOL]DGDVHVXVWHQWDHQODVSROtWLFDVGHGHVDUUROORHPSUH VDULDOWDQWRQDFLRQDOHVFRPRUHJLRQDOHVSDUDSRGHUOOHJDUDXQGLDJQyVWLFR VREUHODVWHQGHQFLDV\ODVLWXDFLyQDFWXDOGHORVSULQFLSDOHVPDFURVHFWRUHV TXHVHHVWiQGHVDUUROODQGRHQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRLQFOX\HQGRDOJXQDVFDUDF WHUtVWLFDV GH ODV VRFLHGDGHV GH IDPLOLD \ D PRGR GH DQH[R XQ FDStWXOR GRQGHVHPXHVWUDQODVSULQFLSDOHVIRUWDOH]DVGHODFLXGDGGH1HLYD $VtPLVPRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDHOVLJQLILFDWLYRFUHFLPLHQWRGHODHFRQRPtD FRORPELDQD\ODE~VTXHGDSHUPDQHQWHGHOVHxRU3UHVLGHQWHGHOD5HS~ EOLFD GRFWRU -XDQ 0DQXHO 6DQWRV &DOGHUyQ SRU ORJUDU XQD SURVSHULGDG SDUD WRGRV HVSHUDPRV FRQWULEXLU DO GHVDUUROOR GH HVWD LPSRUWDQWH UHJLyQ GHOSDtVFRQODFXDOQRVXQHQYtQFXORVGHVDQJUH\VHQWLPLHQWR 5 Valga decir que este ha sido un esfuerzo colectivo, el cual ha contado con la decidida colaboración de las más importantes instituciones políticas, cívicas, académicas y gremiales del departamento. Agradezco especialmente la colaboración invaluable de la Gobernación del Huila y la Alcaldía de Neiva; así como de la Cámara de Comercio de Neiva, los gremios empresariales y la academia, representada por la Universidad Corhuila y la Universidad Sur Colombiana. Esperamos que este documento sea el primero de muchos similares que sirvan para resaltar el potencial inexplotado de los departamentos intermedios de nuestro país. Luis Guillermo Vélez Cabrera Superintendente de Sociedades 6 1 2011 Entorno del departamento del Huila en el contexto nacional 7 ( OGHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLODIXHFUHDGRPHGLDQWH OD /H\ GH UDWLILFDGD SRU HO 'HFUHWR GH $O LQLFLR SHUWHQHFLy DO OODPDGR 7ROLPD *UDQGH R $OWR 0DJGDOHQD IRUPDGR SRU ORV GHSDUWDPHQWRVGH7ROLPD\+XLOD7LHQHPXQLFL SLRV\FRUUHJLPLHQWRVHQXQiUHDGHNP GHODVXSHUILFLHWRWDOGHOSDtV &XHQWDFRQJUDQYDULHGDGGHFOLPDVTXHYDQGHVGH WHPSHUDWXUDVEDMRFHURHQHO1HYDGRGHO+XLODKDVWD ORVJUDGRVFHQWtJUDGRV(VWDHVXQDGHODVYHQWD MDVFRPSDUDWLYDVGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRTXHOHSHUPLWHQ GHVDUUROODUGLIHUHQWHVDFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDVFRPR HO WXULVPR \ OD DJULFXOWXUD GLYHUVLILFDGD$VtPLVPR WLHQHXQDJUDQULTXH]DKtGULFDTXHVHVXVWHQWDSULQ FLSDOPHQWHHQHOUtR0DJGDOHQD\VXVDIOXHQWHVTXH DWUDYLHVDHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGHVXUDQRUWH 5LTXH]D LPSRUWDQWH HV OD SRWHQFLDOLGDG GHO 0DFL]R &RORPELDQRGHFODUDGRHQFRPR5HVHUYDGHOD %LRVIHUDSRUOD81(6&2GHQWURGHOOODPDGR&LQWX UyQ$QGLQR(QHVWDHQRUPH]RQDHVWiSUR\HFWDGDOD FRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQ3DUTXH7HPiWLFRFRQFXEULPLHQWR GHEXHQDSDUWHGHOD5HJLyQ6XUFRORPELDQD(VOD PD\RU ]RQD KLGURJUiILFD GHO SDtV HQ OD TXH QDFHQ ORV UtRV 0HWD 3DWtD 3XWXPD\R &DTXHWi &DXFD \ 0DJGDOHQD KDENPð1HLYDODFDSLWDOFRQFHQWUDFHUFDGHO GHODSREODFLyQGHOGHSDUWDPHQWR 6X HWQRJUDItD HV PD\RULWDULDPHQWH PHVWL]D \R EODQFD FRQ HO QHJURV R DIURFRORPELDQRV \DPHULQGLRVRLQGtJHQDV 1.1 Producto Interno Bruto (O3URGXFWR,QWHUQR%UXWR3,%GHO+XLODHQHODxR IXHGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHELOORQHVTXHHTXL YDOHQ DO GHO WRWDO GHO 3,% QDFLRQDO RFXSDQGR HO SXHVWR GHQWUR GHO WRWDO GH GHSDUWDPHQWRV GHO SDtV /D GLVWULEXFLyQ GHO 3,% GHO +XLOD VH PXHVWUD HQ HO JUiILFR VLJXLHQWH GH GRQGH VH REVHUYD TXH HO FRUUHVSRQGH D H[SORWDFLyQ GH PLQDV EiVLFDPHQWH GH SHWUyOHR DO VHFWRU DJURSHFXDULR GRQGH VH GHVWDFDODSURGXFFLyQ GHFDIpIUXWDV\DFWLYLGDGHV GHSHVFDHQHVSHFLDO WLODSLDFRQVWUXFFLyQGH REUDV FLYLOHV \ UHVLGHQFLDOHV FRPHUFLR HQ PDQXIDFWXUD DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ S~EOLFD \ HO VDOGR FRUUHVSRQGHDRWURVVHFWRUHV Gráfico No. 1 Distribución PIB Huila por Sectores (V HO ~QLFR GHSDUWDPHQWR GHO SDtV FRQ FXDWUR SDU TXHVQDFLRQDOHVQDWXUDOHV 0LQDV 2WURV (QOD&RUGLOOHUD&HQWUDO 3DUTXH1DFLRQDO1DWXUDO3XUDFp 3DUTXH1DFLRQDO1DWXUDO1HYDGRGHO+XLOD (QHUJtDJDV\DJXD (QOD&RUGLOOHUD2ULHQWDO 0DQXIDFWXUD 3DUTXH1DFLRQDO1DWXUDO&RUGLOOHUDGHORV3LFDFKRV 3DUTXH 1DFLRQDO 1DWXUDO &XHYD GH ORV *XiFKDURV HVWH ~OWLPR IXH HO SULPHUR GHFODUDGR FRPR WDO HQ &RORPELDHQ (O FHQVR QDFLRQDO GH DUURMy KDEL WDQWHV GH OD SREODFLyQ WRWDO GH &RORPELD GH ORV FXDOHV HO HQ FDEHFHUDV PXQLFLSDOHV \ HO HQ OD ]RQD UXUDO GHQVLGDG SREODFLRQDO GH 8 $JURSHFXDULR +RWHOHV\UHVW $GPyQS~EOLFD &RPHUFLR &RQVWUXFFLyQ (O FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GHO 3,% GHO GHSDUWDPHQWR GHO +XLODKDVLGRFtFOLFRHQORVDxRV\HOFUH FLPLHQWR IXH VXSHULRU DO GHO WRWDO GHO SDtV \ HQ ORV DxRV\IXHPHQRU ZZZGDQHJRYFRGHIHEUHURGH Mapa de Oportunidades del Huila 2011 (QFLIUDVGHO'DQHHO+XLODMXQWRFRQHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH7ROLPDHVHOTXHPiVDSRUWDDO3,%QDFLRQDOGHQWUR GHODUHJLyQ6XUFRORPELDQD Cuadro No. 1 Participación porcentual del PIB Departamental dentro del PIB Nacional 2000 - 2007 3,%727$/ +8,/$ 3,%727$/ &$48(7È 3,%727$/ &$8&$ 3,%727$/ 1$5,f2 3,%727$/ 38780$<2 3,%727$/ 72/,0$ 3,%727$/ 0(7$ 3,%727$/ 5,6$5$/'$ )XHQWH&RUSRUDFLyQ+XLOD)XWXUR(O3URGXFWR,QWHUQR%UXWRGHO+XLOD*HUPiQ3DORPR /DYRODWLOLGDGGHO3,%GHO+XLODVHRULJLQDHQHOFRP SRUWDPLHQWRGHYDULRVVHFWRUHV(QHOODFDtGD GHO3,%GHO+XLODREHGHFLyDXQDUHGXFFLyQGH HQH[SORWDFLyQGHSHWUyOHR\GHHQHOVHFWRU FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH REUDV FLYLOHV (Q HO OD PD\RU FDtGD VH SUHVHQWy HQ OD SURGXFFLyQ GH FDIp FRQ DOLPHQWRV\EHELGDVFRQ\FRPHUFLR FRQ (Q HO ODV UHGXFFLRQHV VH UHJLV WUDURQ HQ HO VHFWRU GH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ FRQ DGPLQLVWUDFLyQS~EOLFD\DOLPHQWRV\EHELGDV FRQ (O SHWUyOHR \ HO FDIp GHSHQGHQ GH ORV SUHFLRV GH ORV PHUFDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV\SRUORWDQWRHVWDVYDULDFLR QHVDVtFRPRODWDVDGHFDPELRDIHFWDQHOYDORUGHO 3,%2WURVHFWRUYROiWLOKDVLGRODFRQVWUXFFLyQ(QDOJX QRVDxRVVHIRUWDOHFH\HQRWURVVHGHELOLWD\GDGDOD DOWDSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQHOWRWDOTXHHVGHOFXDOTXLHU YDULDFLyQDIHFWDHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHO3,%GHO+XLOD Gráfico No. 2 Crecimiento del PIB Huila frente al total nacional 3,%+8,/$ 3,%&2/20%,$ 9 /RV GRV VHFWRUHV TXH PiV DSRUWDQ DO 3,% GHSDUWD PHQWDOVRQHOGHPLQDVHQHVSHFLDOH[SORWDFLyQGH SHWUyOHR \ HO DJURSHFXDULR (QWUH ORV DxRV \ HOYDORUGHO3,%GHOSHWUyOHRDSUHFLRVFRQVWDQ WHVVHKDUHGXFLGRPLHQWUDVTXHHOGHOVHFWRUDJUR SHFXDULRVHKDLQFUHPHQWDGR Gráfico No. 3 PIB Huila sector agropecuario y minas. Miles de millones de pesos constantes $JURSHFXDULR 0LQDV (O FUHFLPLHQWR GHO VHFWRU DJURSHFXDULR HV SRVLWLYR SDUD HO GHSDUWDPHQWR SRUTXH JHQHUD PiV HPSOHRV \ GHPXHVWUD TXH WLHQH JUDQ SRWHQFLDO GHELGR D OD GLYHUVLGDGGHFOLPDVULTXH]DKtGULFD\FDOLGDGGHODV WLHUUDV (Q HO JUiILFR VLJXLHQWH VH REVHUYD HO FUHFLPLHQWR TXHKDUHJLVWUDGRHOVHFWRUGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQDSDU WLU GHO DxR (VWH VHFWRU HV LPSRUWDQWH SDUD OD HFRQRPtDGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRSRUTXHLQYROXFUDRWURV VHFWRUHV FRPR HO KLHUUR FHPHQWR ODGULOOR SLQWXUDV Gráfico No. 4 PIB Huila. Energía, gas y agua frente a sector construcción. Miles de millones de pesos constantes 10 &RQVWUXFFLyQ (QHUJtDJDV\DJXD Mapa de Oportunidades del Huila 2011 \ HOHFWURGRPpVWLFRV HQWUH RWURV $GHPiV HV JUDQ JHQHUDGRUGHHPSOHR VLGRPX\SRFR\UHJLVWUDQXQFRPSRUWDPLHQWRSDUH FLGRFRQXQOHYHFUHFLPLHQWRHQORVDxRV\ (OYDORUGHODSURGXFFLyQGHHQHUJtDKDSHUPDQHFLGR FDVLFRQVWDQWHHQWUHORVDxRV\EiVLFD PHQWHSRUODFDSDFLGDGGH%HWDQLD&RQHOSUR\HFWR GHODUHSUHVDGH(O4XLPERODSURGXFFLyQGHHQHU JtDHOpFWULFDDXPHQWDUiGHPDQHUDVLJQLILFDWLYD (OVHFWRUGHKRWHOHV\UHVWDXUDQWHVTXHHVWiOLJDGR GHPDQHUDGLUHFWDDOWXULVPRKDFUHFLGRSHURQROR VXILFLHQWHGDGDVODVULTXH]DVQDWXUDOHV\FXOWXUDOHV GHO GHSDUWDPHQWR (QWUH \ FUHFLy FHUFD GHOHQWpUPLQRVUHDOHVHVGHFLUDSUHFLRVFRQV WDQWHVRGHVFRQWDQGRORVHIHFWRVLQIODFLRQDULRV (OFRPHUFLR\ODLQGXVWULDTXHVRQJUDQGHVJHQHUDGR UHVGHHPSOHRKDQSHUPDQHFLGRFDVLHVWiWLFRVDSUH FLRVFRQVWDQWHVGXUDQWHHOSHUtRGR(OFUHFLPLHQWRKD /D DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ S~EOLFD TXH DSRUWD HO GHO 3,%GHO+XLODFUHFLyHQHO\OXHJRVHPDQWXYR FRQVWDQWHH[FHSWRHQHOFXDQGRGHFUHFLy Gráfico No. 5 PIB Huila manufactura y comercio. Miles de millones de pesos constantes &RPHUFLR 0DQXIDFWXUD Gráfico No. 6 PIB Huila. Hoteles, restaurantes y sector administración pública. Miles de millones de pesos constantes $GPyQS~EOLFD +RWHOHV\UHVW 11 1.2 Inflación /DLQIODFLyQGH1HLYDPHGLGDSRUPHGLRGHOËQGLFH GH 3UHFLRV DO &RQVXPLGRU ,3& KD UHJLVWUDGR XQD WHQGHQFLDDODEDMDHQWUHORVDxRV\VLQ HPEDUJR KD VLGR VXSHULRU D OD GHO WRWDO GHO SDtV D SDUWLUGHODxR/DEUHFKDPD\RUVHREVHUYDHQ HOFRQIUHQWHDOGHOSDtV Gráfico No. 7 Inflación Neiva frente al total del país 1HLYD 727$/ 1.3 Desempleo (OGHVHPSOHRUHJLVWUDXQDWDVDGHFUHFLHQWHHQWUHORV DxRV\WDQWRDQLYHOGHSDtVFRPRHQHO GHSDUWDPHQWRGHO+XLOD)XHPD\RUHQHOGHSDU WDPHQWR KDVWD HO DxR $ SDUWLU GH DOOt VH REVHUYDXQDPD\RUUHGXFFLyQVLHQGRPHQRUTXH HO WRWDO GHO SDtV OR TXH HVWi LQGLFDQGR XQ PHMRU GHVHPSHxRGHODHFRQRPtDUHJLRQDOGXUDQWHORV ~OWLPRVDxRV Gráfico No. 8 Tasa de desempleo Huila frente al total nacional 12 +XLOD 7RWDOSDtV Mapa de Oportunidades del Huila 1.4 Comercio exterior (O FRPHUFLR H[WHULRU GHO +XLOD HV SHTXHxR FRP SDUDGR FRQ HO GHO WRWDO GHO SDtV 6HJ~Q GDWRV GHO %DQFR GH OD 5HS~EOLFD ODV H[SRUWDFLRQHV IXHURQ GH 86 PLOORQHV GH ORV FXDOHV HO FRUUHVSRQGH D WUDGLFLRQDOHV UHSUHVHQWDGDV HQ HO FDIp \ HO SHWUyOHR \ ODV QR WUDGLFLRQDOHV HO (QHOFXDGURVLJXLHQWHVHPXHVWUDQODVSULQFLSDOHV H[SRUWDFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVHQHO~OWLPRDxR(OSULQ FLSDO GHVWLQR HV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV FRQ HO \ -DSyQFRQHO (Q ODV H[SRUWDFLRQHV QR WUDGLFLRQDOHV GHO VHFWRU DJURSHFXDULRVREUHVDOHQODVIUXWDV\HOFDFDR Cuadro No. 2 Exportaciones departamento del Huila año 2010 ([SRUWDFLRQHV 7UDGLFLRQDOHV &DIp 0LOHVGH GyODUHV)2% 3DUWLFLSDFLyQ 2011 VXSHULRU FHUFDQR D ORV 86 GHELGR D TXHHQHOPRPHQWRGHODGHFODUDFLyQGHODH[SRUWD FLyQORVHPSUHVDULRVORKDFHQSRUPHGLRGHDJHQ WHV GH DGXDQDV \ HQ OD GHFODUDFLyQ GH H[SRUWDFLyQ SRQHQFLXGDGGHGRPLFLOLR%RJRWi\QR+XLODGLVWRU VLRQDQGRODFLIUD /DV LPSRUWDFLRQHV GHO GHSDUWDPHQWR HQ HO IXHURQGH86PLOORQHVGHORVFXDOHVHO FRUUHVSRQGH DO VHFWRU LQGXVWULDO \ HO DO VHFWRU DJURSHFXDULR6HGHVWDFDODDOWDSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODV LPSRUWDFLRQHV GH PDTXLQDULD \ HTXLSR FRQ HO GHO WRWDO OR TXH LQGLFD TXH ODV HPSUHVDV VH HVWiQ UHQRYDQGR \ DFWXDOL]DQGR GH PDQHUD SHUPDQHQWH 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