Paramilitarismo y vida cotidiana en San Carlos (Antioquia): etnografía desde una antropología de la violencia1 Ramiro Osorio Campuzano Antropólogo, Universidad de Antioquia Grupo de investigación Cultura, Violencia y Territorio —CVT— Instituto de Estudios Regionales —INER— Dirección electrónica: miroosorio@hotmail.com Osorio, Ramiro (2013). “Paramilitarismo y vida cotidiana en San Carlos (AnWLRTXLDHWQRJUDItDGHVGHXQDDQWURSRORJtDGHODYLROHQFLD´(QBoletín de Antropología. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Vol. 28, N.o 45, pp. 130-153. 7H[WRUHFLELGRDSUREDFLyQ¿QDO Resumen. (VWHDUWtFXORH[SRQHXQDLQYHVWLJDFLyQHWQRJUi¿FDVREUHODVUHODFLRQHVVXEMHWLYDV entre civiles y paramilitares evidenciando las formas de adaptación, discreción e instrumentalización y legitimación social de la violencia. Además de revisar los aportes teóricos de la antropología de la YLROHQFLDGLVFXWHORVGLOHPDVpWLFRVPHWRGROyJLFRVGHOWUDEDMRHWQRJUi¿FRHQHODQiOLVLVGHOFRQÀLFWR armado, el tratamiento del testimonio y la(s) memoria(s). Estas discusiones están apoyadas en una UHYLVLyQGRFXPHQWDO\HWQRJUi¿FDHQHOFRUUHJLPLHQWRGH(O-RUGiQPXQLFLSLRGH6DQ&DUORVTXHGHVGH 1997 fue base operativa de distintos bloques paramilitares quienes entraron allí por lazos familiares y operaron en el Oriente antioqueño. Palabras clave: DQWURSRORJtDGHODYLROHQFLDHWQRJUDItDUHÀH[LYLGDGFRQÀLFWRDUPDGRSDUDPLOLtarismo, memoria, sufrimiento social, víctimas-victimarios, El Jordán, San Carlos (Antioquia). /DVUHÀH[LRQHVHQHVWHDUWtFXORVRQUHVXOWDGRGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ³(OPLHGRDPRULUHVHODIiQ GHYLYLUUHODFLRQHVHQWUHYHUDGDV\YLROHQFLDSDUDPLOLWDUHQ(O-RUGiQ6DQ&DUORV$QWLRTXLD´ ¿QDQFLDGRSRUHOIRQGRGHDSR\RDWUDEDMRVGHJUDGRGHO&RPLWpSDUDHO'HVDUUROORGHOD,Q YHVWLJDFLyQ²&2',²3DUDDPSOLDUFDGDXQRGHORVDVSHFWRVVREUHODKLVWRULDORFDOODV GLQiPLFDVGHOSDUDPLOLWDULVPRODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHYHUDGDVHLPEULFDFLRQHVGHORUGHQDUPDGRHQ ODYLGDFRWLGLDQD\HQJHQHUDOVREUHDQiOLVLVPiVDPSOLRVYpDVHGLFKDPRQRJUDItD Paramilitarismo y vida cotidiana en San Carlos (Antioquia): etnografía desde una antropología de la violencia / 131 Paramilitarism and everyday life in San Carlos (Antioquia): ethnography from the perspective of an anthropology of violence Abstract. This paper presents an ethnographic study of subjective relations between civilians and paramilitaries, demonstrating forms of adaptation, discretion and instrumentalization, and the social legitimation of violence. In addition to reviewing the theoretical contributions of the anthropology of violence, the paper discusses ethical and methodological dilemmas of ethnographic work in armed FRQÀLFWDQDO\VLVDQGWKHWUHDWPHQWRIWHVWLPRQLHVDQGPHPRULHV7KHVHGLVFXVVLRQVDUHVXSSRUWHGE\D documentary and ethnographic review in the district of the municipality of El Jordán-San Carlos, which, VLQFHVHUYHGDVDQRSHUDWLRQFHQWHURIGLIIHUHQWSDUDPLOLWDU\JURXSVZKRVHDUHDRILQÀXHQFHZDV eastern Antioquia and who went there based on their family ties. Keywords: anthropology of violence HWKQRJUDSK\ UHÀH[LYLW\ DUPHG FRQÀLFW SDUDPLOLWDU\ memory, social suffering, victims, perpetrators, El Jordán, San Carlos (Antioquia). Introducción: la violencia como realidad y contexto (OJUDQUDGLRGHGHYDVWDFLyQTXHKDGHMDGRODYLROHQFLDHQHVWHSDtVQRVSHUPLWHD ORVLQWHUHVDGRVSRUFRPSUHQGHUODHQFRQWUDUP~OWLSOHVOXJDUHVHQODgeografía de la guerraGRQGHKDFHUHWQRJUDItD6LELHQQRKDFHIDOWDYLDMDUDUHJLRQHVUHPRWDVSDUD FRQRFHUURVWURVGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRPDVDFUHV\WHUURUODUHDOLGDGQDFLRQDOHVWiDVH GLDGDSRUSUREOHPiWLFDVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQODPHPRULDHOROYLGRODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGH ODYHUGDG\ODMXVWLFLDFRQTXHODVYtFWLPDV\ORVSHUSHWUDGRUHVVHXELFDQUHVSHFWRDO SDVDGR\HOSUHVHQWHDVtFRPRSRUORVLPDJLQDULRVVREUHODVYtFWLPDV\VXLQRFHQFLD\ ORVUHWUDWRVGHLQKXPDQLGDGEUXWDOLGDG\EHVWLDOLGDGHQFDUQDGRVSRUORVYLFWLPDULRV ,QWHQWDUFRPSUHQGHUHOFRQWH[WRFRORPELDQRHQWUHODPDUHDGHLPSXQLGDGHODUFKLSLp ODJRGHPHPRULDVKHJHPyQLFDVFRQ¿VFDGDVGHUURWDGDVVXEDOWHUQDV&DWHOD ODLQVWDODFLyQGHVLOHQFLRVODGHVOHJLWLPDFLyQGHODVYtFWLPDV\ODGHVORFDOL]DFLyQ GHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVKLVWyULFDV\SROtWLFDVGHORVYLFWLPDULRVHYLGHQFLDFODUDPHQWH TXHFRPRELHQVHxDOD,YiQ2UR]FROD³GHPRQL]DFLyQWRWDOGHOYLFWLPDULR\ ODVDFUDOL]DFLyQGHODVYtFWLPDV´KDJHQHUDGRHQSDUWHXQDSRODUL]DFLyQ\XQDOHFWXUD HQEODQFRQHJURTXHQRSHUPLWHD~QSRUODYtDGHODUHFRQFLOLDFLyQGDUXQDVDOLGD QHJRFLDGDDOFRQÀLFWRFRORPELDQR(VWHFRQWH[WRDGHPiVVHFRPSOHML]DFXDQGRODV MXVWL¿FDFLRQHVGHODJXHUUDVHUHFRPSRQHQ\GHVHVWUXFWXUDQSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHD\HU IXHODWLHUUDOXHJRYLQRHOSRGHUWHUULWRULDOKR\HVHOFXOWLYRFRFDOHURHOQDUFRWUi¿FR HVODJXHUULOODRORVSDUDPLOLWDUHV6iQFKH] &RQWRGRKR\HOSDtVHVWiH[SXHVWRDUHVROYHUTXpHVDFHSWDEOH\VDQFLRQDEOH QRFLYR\DOHFFLRQDGRUVRFLDOPHQWHSDUDODVXSHUDFLyQGHOFRQÀLFWRDGHPiVGHGH¿QLU ORVFRQWRUQRVGHODVYtFWLPDV\ORVYLFWLPDULRVODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGLUHFWDRLQGLUHFWDGH ODSREODFLyQFLYLOHQPHGLR\D~QGHVSXpVGHODJXHUUDODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHDFWRUHV HVWDWDOHV\PLOLWDUHVTXHVHJ~QHOFDVRUHSURGXMHURQODYLROHQFLDRUHQXQFLDURQD GHWHQHUOD'HVSXpVGHEXVFDUHQRWUDVORFDOLGDGHVFRQPRFLRQDGRSRUHOGHVSOLHJXH 132 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. 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'HLJXDOIRUPDGHVGHGpFDGDVDWUiVHQHOVXURULHQWHFRORPELDQRODYLGDFRWL GLDQDGHORVFDPSHVLQRVVHKDYLVWRFRQVWUHxLGDSRUODVIRUPDVGHFRQWUROSROtWLFR\OD UHJXODFLyQGHODYLROHQFLDGHODJXHUULOOD(VSLQRVD7RUUHV(QPXFKDV UHJLRQHVGHOSDtV\HQSDUWLFXODUGH$QWLRTXLDHOGRPLQLRSDUDPLOLWDUJHQHUyIXHUWHV OD]RVVRFLDOHV\WHUULWRULDOHV&RQHVWHWUDVIRQGRPHLQWHUHVpPiVELHQHQLQGDJDU H[SHULHQFLDVVXEMHWLYDVGHPHGLDFLyQHQWUHYtFWLPDV\YLFWLPDULRVGHODYLROHQFLD SDUDPLOLWDU\SDUDHOORIXHQHFHVDULRDERUGDUODVUHODFLRQHVDPELYDOHQWHVDOUHGHGRUGH ORV³VXMHWRVVXIULHQWHV´\SHUSHWUDGRUHVFLYLOHV\H[FRPEDWLHQWHV/DLQWHQFLyQPiV DOOiGHFRQIURQWDUORVIXHDGHQWUDUPHHQXQDDPSOLDestructura de victimizaciónTXH RIUHFHYLVRVVREUHHOUHODFLRQDPLHQWRFLYLO²HQPHGLR\D~QdespuésGHODJXHUUD %DMRHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDODQDWXUDOH]DGHOFRQÀLFWRDUPDGRGLVWDPXFKRGHVHUOHtGD HQEODQFR\QHJURSRQLHQGRGHXQODGRDORVFXOSDEOHV\ODVUD]RQHVGHODJXHUUD\ GHRWURDODVYtFWLPDVURGHDGDVPXFKDVYHFHVGHPiUJHQHVLGHDOHVGHLQRFHQFLD <DVtHVHYLGHQWHHQHOWHVWLPRQLRGHXQDUHFRQRFLGDOtGHUHQ6DQ&DUORVTXLHQDO 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FHVYDORUDFLRQHVPRUDOHVVREUHSREODGRUHVTXHYLYtDQFRQ¿QDGRVDXQGHWHUPLQDGR DFWRUDUPDGR /OHJDEDODJHQWHGH6DQ&DUORVSRUHMHPSORORPLUDEDQDXQR\FRPRTXLHQGLFH³HVWH KLMXHSXWDSDUDFR´DOJXQRVQLVHDWUHYtDQDPLUDUORDXQR(VRQRHUDVLQRTXHDHVDJHQWH PHQFLRQDUOHTXHWHQtDQTXHYHQLUD(O-RUGiQHVRHUDFRPRYHQLUVHSD¶OLQ¿HUQRRSD¶O¿Q GHOPXQGR0XFKDJHQWHQLFRQRFHHVWRDTXtHQWRQFHVGHSURQWRHOORVWDPELpQSHQVDEDQ ORPLVPR³(O-RUGiQSXHVDTXpLUSRUDOOi´VLORVPDWDQORV parasTXpQRVLPSRUWD QRVRVSHFKDEDQHVRGHVSXpVVHOHVLEDDYROYHUXQDDUPDGHGREOH¿ORKRPEUHDGXOWR HQHURGH Paramilitarismo y vida cotidiana en San Carlos (Antioquia): etnografía desde una antropología de la violencia / 143 $VtPXFKRVKDELWDQWHVFRQDOJRGHVXHUWHFXHQWDQTXHDOPHQRVHQ(O-RUGiQ HOWHUURUSDUDPLOLWDUQRHUDDYLVWDGHWRGRHOPXQGRORVDVHVLQDWRVVHKDFtDQHQODV DIXHUDVHQYHUHGDV\SRUORPHQRVDGLIHUHQFLDGH6DQ&DUORVORVSDUDPLOLWDUHVGH ³DTXt´IXHURQXQSRFRPiVVR¿VWLFDGRV\GHFHQWHVTXHORVGH³DOOi´(O³RUGHQDPLHQWR PRUDO´SURGXFLGRHQPHGLRGHODJXHUUDTXHHQWUHFUX]DODVSUiFWLFDVSROtWLFDVODV 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HVWLPDFLRQHVDFHUFDGHTXHFRQDOJXQRVDFWRUHV³QRVHH[FHGLyWDQWR´GHPRVWUDQGR TXHHOMXLFLRYDORUDWLYRGHSHQGHIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHGHODIRUPDHQTXHHVWHVHFRPHWH\ GHODVMXVWL¿FDFLRQHVTXHVHSODQWHDQ$¿UPDFLRQHVFRPR³/RVGHO%ORTXH1XWLEDUDVt HUDQGHFHQWHV>«@HOORVVHWRPDEDQHOWUDEDMRGHDYHULJXDUDQWHVGHPDWDU>«@PLHQWUDV TXHORVGHO%ORTXH0HWURPDWDQGRVLQSUHJXQWDU´GDQFXHQWDGHHVWDÀH[LELOL]DFLyQ YDORUDWLYD(VWDDFWLWXGEDQDOL]DGRUDGHOWHUURUODPXHUWH\ODYXOQHUDELOLGDGDIHFWDOD FDSDFLGDGGHLQGLJQDFLyQ\GHUHDFFLyQIUHQWHDORVDFWRVYLROHQWRV*0+ Paramilitarismo y vida cotidiana en San Carlos (Antioquia): etnografía desde una antropología de la violencia / 149 /DVPRWLYDFLRQHVPLOLWDUHV²\VLDFDVRSROtWLFDV²GHOSDUDPLOLWDULVPRVH YLHURQHPSDxDGDVSRUFRQWLQJHQFLDVORFDOHVYHQJDQ]DVIDPLOLDUHVXQDPH]FODGH LQWHUpV\UD]RQHVHFRQyPLFDVSROtWLFDV\VHQWLPHQWDOHVTXHSURYRFDURQHOGHUUD PDPLHQWRGHVDQJUH\OOHYDURQDLQYROXFUDUHQODJXHUUDORVOD]RVIDPLOLDUHV³HV FDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHODVJXHUUDVFLYLOHVTXHQRWRGDODYLROHQFLDHVWpUHODFLRQDGDFRQHO 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Universidad de Antioquia UHVSRQGLHQGRDGLYHUVRVIRFRVGHYLFWLPL]DFLyQ6LELHQOD³JXHUUDHQWUHSDUHV´OD ³YLROHQFLDIUDWULFLGD´RODFRQYHUVLyQGHYtFWLPDVHQYLFWLPDULRVSDUHFLHUDQUD]R QHVPHQRVHVWUXFWXUDOHVH[SOLFDQPXFKRGHORTXHUHDOPHQWHKDVWDKR\KDVLGROD QDWXUDOH]DGHORVFRQÀLFWRV (QPXFKDVUHJLRQHVGHOSDtV\VREUHWRGRHQHO2ULHQWHDQWLRTXHxRORVSDUDPL OLWDUHVORJUDURQFDSLWDOL]DUVHQWLPLHQWRVGHH[FOXVLyQDXVHQFLDHVWDWDO\XQSURIXQGR PLHGR\UHFKD]RDORV³GHVWUR]RV´MXVWL¿FDGRVGHODJXHUULOOD/DVXEMHWLYLGDG\ORV PRWLYRVVRFLDOHVIXHURQFDSWXUDGRVSRUHORUGHQDUPDGR\FRQHVWRVHSURPRYLyXQD PRYLOL]DFLyQGHLGHRORJtDVHPRFLRQHVVXEMHWLYLGDGHV\SROtWLFDVGHOHJLWLPDFLyQ GHOSDUDPLOLWDULVPR$QWHODVDPELYDOHQFLDVHQXQWHUULWRULRGHHQFODYH\FRQWURO SDUDPLOLWDUFRPRIXH(O-RUGiQ6DQ&DUORVODSREODFLyQHVWXYRLQHUPHDFWLYDHQWUHHO WHUURUDFRVWDGHODSURWHFFLyQ\ODFRODERUDFLyQDQWHODVXSHUYLYHQFLD(QFRQVHFXHQ FLDKXERFLHUWD³SUR[LPLGDGSHOLJUR´HQODVDUWLFXODFLRQHVHQWUHFLYLOHV\DUPDGRV (QHO³UHFtSURFR´VLPXOWiQHR\GHVPHGLGRXVRGHODIXHU]DHOSRGHU\ODYLROHQFLD HQWUHFLYLOHV\SDUDPLOLWDUHVODVFRQÀLFWLYLGDGHVORFDOHV\ODVSDUWLFXODULGDGHVGHOD GLQiPLFDVRFLDOFRPXQLWDULDGH(O-RUGiQFRQGXFHQDUHD¿UPDUTXH³ODYLROHQFLDHV FXOWXUDOPHQWHFRQVWUXLGD\FRPRVXFHGHFRQWRGRVORVSURGXFWRVFXOWXUDOHVHVHQ HVHQFLDVRORXQSRWHQFLDOTXHGDIRUPD\FRQWHQLGRDJHQWHHVSHFL¿FD>VLF@GHQWUR GHOFRQWH[WRGHKLVWRULDVSDUWLFXODUHV´1RUGVWURP\5REEHQ /RTXHSRGUtDDUULHVJDGDPHQWHGHQRPLQDUVHXQD³FXOWXUDGHDXWRGHIHQVD´ TXHFRPRPDQLIHVWDFLyQVRFLDOGHOSDUDPLOLWDULVPRKDVLGRXQIHQyPHQRFXOWXUDO HQ&RORPELDVRVWLHQHYDULRVVLJQL¿FDGRVGHODVIRUPDVLGLRVLQFUiVLFDVGHWUDPLWDU ODYLROHQFLDHQHOSDtV'HVGHHVWDUHDOLGDGDSDUHQWHPHQWHLQDPRYLEOHSUHJXQWDUVH VLKD\TXHVDQFLRQDUVRFLDO\PRUDOPHQWHODYLROHQFLDSDUDPLOLWDUSODQWHDXQODS VXVHQFRPSUHQGHUODH[SHULHQFLDFRQWLQXDGHODYLROHQFLDSDUDPLOLWDUFRPRXQD OHFFLyQPRUDO\FROHFWLYD15QRVRORSDUDTXLHQHVODSUHVHQFLDURQVLQRSDUDWRGD XQDVRFLHGDGTXHLQGROHQWHPXFKDVYHFHVMXVWL¿FyDPLODQDGDPHQWHODDWURFLGDG SDUDPLOLWDU 6DQ&DUORVHVHOVHJXQGRPXQLFLSLRGHO2ULHQWHDQWLRTXHxRTXHPiVDOEHUJD GHVPRYLOL]DGRVGHWRGRVORVJUXSRVSHURHQVXPD\RUtDGHORVSDUDPLOLWDUHV3DUD HODxRODSUHVHQFLDUHODWLYDGHGHVPRYLOL]DGRVHQ6DQ&DUORVHUDDOUHGHGRU GHH[FRPEDWLHQWHV2SURD&RQXQDSREODFLyQÀRWDQWHGHVDUPDGD DPHGLDGRVGHFXDQGRFRPLHQ]DQDUHDFRPRGDUVHORVDFWRUHVGHODJXHUUDHQOD YLGDFLYLO\DXQFXDQGRHVWRQRVLJQL¿FyFRPSOHWDPHQWHVXGHVDSDULFLyQUHGXMR OD ]R]REUD \ HO WHUURU HQ OD ]RQD7UDV OD GHVPRYLOL]DFLyQ OD PRYLOLGDG HQWUH (O -RUGiQ\6DQ&DUORVSHUPLWLyGHQXHYRDODVSREODFLRQHVUHFRQRFHUVHYLDMDUWUDQ 15 8QDUHFLHQWHHQFXHVWDQDFLRQDO³¢4XpRSLQDQORVFRORPELDQRVGHVSXpVGHVLHWHDxRVGHOD/H\ GH-XVWLFLD\3D]"´UHYHODTXHVLELHQODPD\RUtDGHORVVHFWRUHVGHSREODFLyQH[SHUWRVSROtWL FRV\YtFWLPDVHVWiQHQGHVDFXHUGRFRQORVSDUDPLOLWDUHVODSHUFHSFLyQGHPiVGHODPLWDGGH HQFXHVWDGRVHVTXHQRKDQGHVSDUHFLGR\SRUHOFRQWUDULRVHKDQUHRUJDQL]DGR\IRUWDOHFLGRWUDV ODGHVPRYLOL]DFLyQ9pDVH9HUGDG$ELHUWD Paramilitarismo y vida cotidiana en San Carlos (Antioquia): etnografía desde una antropología de la violencia / 151 TXLODPHQWHSRUODVYtDV\FRPRGLFHQYLYLUHQXQDDSDUHQWH³WUDQTXLOLGDG´3HVH DTXHVRQHYLGHQWHVORVVHQWLPLHQWRVHQFRQWUDGRVHQODFRPXQLGDGDOJXQDVYHFHVGH LPSRWHQFLDFXOSDRYHUJHQ]DHOFRP~QGHQRPLQDGRUHVHOGRORU\HOVXIULPLHQWR GHVXFHVLYRVDxRVGHJXHUUD $XQDVtGHVGHHQ6DQ&DUORVKDQVXUJLGRH[SHULHQFLDVGHUHFRQFLOLDFLyQ\ SDFWRVGHFRQYLYHQFLDHQWUHYtFWLPDV\GHVPRYLOL]DGRVLQLFLDGDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHSRU HOSUR\HFWR3URYtVDPH²3URPRWRUDVGH9LGD\6DOXG0HQWDO²GHO3URJUDPDSRUOD 3D]GHO&LQHS\HO&HQWURGH$FHUFDPLHQWR5HFRQFLOLDFLyQ\5HSDUDFLyQ²&$5( LQLFLDWLYDGHODVRFLHGDGFLYLO²HQWUHRWURV6LQHPEDUJRHQHVWHFRPSOHMRHVFHQD ULRSHUVLVWHQVHFXHODVGHODYLROHQFLD\GLVSXWDVGHPHPRULDVTXHFRQGLFLRQDQWDQ DQKHODGRSURFHVRGHUHFRQFLOLDFLyQFROHFWLYR\SRUHOORHOFDVRGHHVWDFRPXQLGDG KDFHFXHVWLRQDUVHEDVWDQWHDOUHGHGRUGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHXQSRVLEOHKRUL]RQWHGH UHFRQFLOLDFLyQGRQGHVHJXURWHQGUiQTXHUHVROYHUVHQRVRORODVGLFRWRPtDVYtFWLPDV YLFWLPDULRVVLQRODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGVRFLDOSROtWLFDHFRQyPLFDHLQFOXVRMXUtGLFD \SHQDOGHOSDVDGR(OUHWRVHJXLUiDWHQGLHQGRDQRGHVORFDOL]DUFRPSOHWDPHQWHOD FXOSDGHORVYLFWLPDULRVQLHVWLJPDWL]DUDXOWUDQ]DODLQFLGHQFLDGHODVYtFWLPDVHQ HOFRQÀLFWRSXHVFRPRELHQVXJLHUH7KHLGRQ 7UDVFHQGHUORVWpUPLQRVGHODRSRVLFLyQSUHYLDHVIRUMDUXQDQXHYDFRPXQLGDGGHVREUH YLYLHQWHVGHODJXHUUDFLYLO(OFRQFHSWRGH³VREUHYLYLHQWH´EXVFDWUDVFHQGHUODVQRFLRQHV ELSRODUHVGHYtFWLPDV\SHUSHWUDGRUHV(OGLVFXUVRGHODLQRFHQFLDSDUDOL]DHOSURFHVRGH UHFRQFLOLDFLyQGHXQSDtV7DPSRFRSHUPLWHFRQVWUXLUXQDVRFLHGDGPiVMXVWDSRUTXHVL VRODPHQWHORV³LQRFHQWHV´WLHQHQGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVSXHVHQWRQFHVSXHGHQKDFHUORTXH VHOHVDQWRMHFRQORV³FXOSDEOHV´(QWRQFHVSDUWHGHORTXHKD\TXHUHFRQFLOLDUQRHVVROD PHQWHHOVXIULPLHQWRH[SHULPHQWDGRVLQRWDPELpQHOVXIULPLHQWRLQIULQJLGR>VLF@/DWDUHD SHQGLHQWHHV³UHKXPDQL]DU´WDQWRDOHQHPLJRFXDQWRDXQRPLVPR7KHLGRQ 5HIHUHQFLDVELEOLRJUi¿FDV $OFDOGtDGH6DQ&DUORV,QIRUPH*HVWLyQ$OFDOGH)UDQFLVFRÈOYDUH]6iQFKH]SS %ODLU(OVDMuertes violentas: la teatralización del exceso.&ROHFFLyQGH$QWURSRORJtD(GLWRULDO 8QLYHUVLGDGGH$QWLRTXLD0HGHOOtQS %ROtYDU,QJULG\)OyUH]$OEHUWR³/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHODYLROHQFLDFDWHJRUtDVSUHJXQWDV\ WLSRVGHFRQRFLPLHQWR´(QRevista de Estudios Sociales,1o%RJRWiSS &DLFHGR/X]3LHGDGHWDORetornar no es solo volver. Desplazamiento y retorno en San Carlos, $QWLRTXLD,/6$%RJRWi &DQR$OED,QpVDe memoria colectiva: Resurgimiento. Somos lluvia de luz para la paz.0X QLFLSLRGH6DQ&DUORV6HFUHWDUtDGH*RELHUQR*REHUQDFLyQGH$QWLRTXLD &DVWLOOHMR$OHMDQGURPoética de lo otro: hacia una antropología de la guerra, la soledad y el exilio interno en Colombia.,FDQK&ROFLHQFLDV%RJRWiS BBBBBBBBBBBB ³/DV WH[WXUDV GHO VLOHQFLR YLROHQFLD PHPRULD \ ORV OtPLWHV GHO TXHKDFHU DQWURSROyJLFR´(QEmpiria Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales1oHQHURMXQLR 8QLYHUVLGDG-DYHULDQD%RJRWiSS 152 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia &DVWLOOHMR$OHMDQGURLos archivos del dolor: ensayos sobre la violencia y el recuerdo en Sudáfrica contemporánea.8QLYHUVLGDGGHORV$QGHV&HQWURGH(VWXGLRV6RFLRFXOWXUDOHV%RJRWiSS &RUSRUDFLyQ1XHYR$UFR,ULVParapolítica: la ruta de la expansión paramilitar. ,QWHUPHGLR (GLWRUHV%RJRWiS 'D6LOYD&DWHOD/XGPLOD³3DVDGRVHQFRQÀLFWR'HPHPRULDVGRPLQDQWHVVXEWHUUiQHDV\ GHQHJDGDV´(QRevista Debates, 1o8QLYHUVLGDGGH$QWLRTXLD0HGHOOtQ 'HQLV5RGJHUV³+DFLHQGRGHOSHOLJURXQDYRFDFLyQODDQWURSRORJtDODYLROHQFLD\ORVGL OHPDVGHODREVHUYDFLyQSDUWLFLSDQWH´(QRevista Española de Investigación Criminológica. %DUFHORQDSS 'XQFDQ*XVWDYRLos señores de la guerra.(GLWRULDO3ODQHWD%RJRWiS (VSLQRVD1LFROiV³3ROtWLFDGHYLGD\PXHUWH$SXQWHVSDUDXQDJUDPiWLFDGHOVXIULPLHQWRGH ODJXHUUDHQOD6LHUUDGH/D0DFDUHQD´(QAIBR, Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana, 9RO1oHQHURDEULO0DGULGSS *LUDOGR&DUODSe dice río. Volver al antiguo camino de Juntas.(GLWRULDO6LODED0HGHOOtQS *UXSR0HPRULD+LVWyULFD²*0+²Informe San Carlos, Memorias del éxodo en la guerra. 7DXUXV%RJRWiS *XEHU5RVDQD/DHWQRJUDItD0pWRGRFDPSR\UHÀH[LYLGDG(GLWRULDO1RUPD%RJRWi .DO\YDV6WDWKLV³/DRQWRORJtDGHODYLROHQFLDSROtWLFDDFFLyQHLGHQWLGDGHQODVJXHUUDVFLYL OHV´(QAnálisis político,1o,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGLRV3ROtWLFRV\5HODFLRQHV,QWHUQDFLRQDOHV ²,HSUL²8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD%RJRWiSS /HYL3ULPRLos hundidos y los salvados.0XFKQLN(GLWRUHV%DUFHORQDS 0DGDULDJD3DWULFLDMatan y matan y uno sigue ahí: control paramilitar y vida cotidiana en un pueblo de Urabá.&(628QLYHUVLGDGGHORV$QGHV%RJRWiSS 1RFKH\1LHEOD%DQFRGH'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV1RFKH\1LHEODGLFLHPEUH&LQHS%RJRWi 1RUGVWURP&DURO\Q\5REEHQ$QWRQLXVFRPS)LHOGZRUNXQGHU¿UH&RQWHPSRUDQ\VWXGLHV of Violence and Culture.%HUNHOH\8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD3UHVV 2EVHUYDWRULRGH3D]\5HFRQFLOLDFLyQGHO2ULHQWH$QWLRTXHxR²2SURD²Serie Crónicas de corregimientos.$EULOGH&RUSRUDFLyQ9LGD-XVWLFLD\3D]5LRQHJURSS BBBBBBBBBBBBLínea de base. Estudio diagnóstico y contextualización DIH, DD.HH. en los PXQLFLSLRVGHO2ULHQWHDQWLRTXHxR&RUSRUDFLyQ9LGD-XVWLFLD\3D]5tRQHJURS 2UWHJD)UDQFLVFR$FRPSVeena Das: Sujetos del dolor, agentes de dignidad.&(68QL YHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD%RJRWi 2UWL]&DUORV0LJXHO³$FWRUHVDUPDGRVWHUULWRULRV\SREODFLRQHV´(QAnálisis político, 1oHQHURDEULO8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD%RJRWiSS 2UR]FR$EDG,YiQ³5HÀH[LRQHVLPSHUWLQHQWHVVREUHODPHPRULD\HOROYLGRVREUHHOFDVWLJR\ ODFOHPHQFLD´(QEntre el perdón y el paredón: Preguntas y dilemas de la justicia jransicional. 8QLYHUVLGDGGHORV$QGHV9RO%RJRWiSS 3DUGR 5RGULJR Fin del paramilitarismo, ¿es posible su desmonte? (GLFLRQHV % %RJRWi &RORPELDS 3D\QH/HLJKTestimonios perturbadores. Ni verdad ni reconciliación en las confesiones de violencia de Estado.(G8QLDQGHV&(62)XQGDFLRQHV,GHDVSDUDOD3D]²),3²%RJRWiSS 3pFDXW'DQLHOGuerra contra la sociedad.(GLWRULDO3ODQHWD%RJRWiSS Paramilitarismo y vida cotidiana en San Carlos (Antioquia): etnografía desde una antropología de la violencia / 153 3RUWDO9HUGDGDELHUWDGHDJRVWRGH/DVUD]RQHVPtQLPDVSDUDPRULUHQHO2ULHQWHGH$QWLRTXLD (QVerdadabierta.>(QOtQHD@'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWSZZZYHUGDGDELHUWDFRPQXQFDPDV SDUDPLOLWDUHVPDWDURQHQHORULHQWHDQWLRTXHQRKDVWDSRUFHORV &RQVXOWDGD HO GH DJRVWR GH 3RUWDO9HUGDGDELHUWDGHRFWXEUHGH³&RORPELDQRVFUHHQTXHSDUDPLOLWDUHVVLJXHQH[LVWLHQ GR´ (Q Verdadabierta. >(Q OtQHD@ KWWSYHUGDGDELHUWDFRPFRPSRQHQWFRQWHQWDUWLFOH YHUVLRQHVFRORPELDQRVFUHHQTXHSDUDPLOLWDUHVVLJXHQH[LVWLHQGR&RQVXOWDGDHOGH RFWXEUHGH 5DQJHO$OIUHGRFRPSEl poder paramilitar.)XQGDFLyQ6HJXULGDG\'HPRFUDFLD(GLWRULDO 3ODQHWD%RJRWiSS 5LDxR3LODUJóvenes, memoria y violencia en Medellín: una antropología del recuerdo y el olvido.(GLWRULDO8QLYHUVLGDGGH$QWLRTXLD,FDQK0HGHOOtQ 5RPHUR0DXULFLRParamilitares y autodefensas, 1982-2003.(GLWRULDO3ODQHWD,QVWLWXWRGH(V WXGLRV3ROtWLFRV\5HODFLRQHV,QWHUQDFLRQDOHV8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD%RJRWiS 6iQFKH]*RQ]DORGuerras, memoria e historia./D&DUUHWD(GLWRUHV0HGHOOtQS 7KHLGRQ.LPEHUO\³'HVDUPDQGRHOVXMHWR5HFRUGDQGRODJXHUUDHLPDJLQDQGRODFLXGDGDQtDHQ $\DFXFKR3HU~´(QViolencias y estrategias colectivas en la región andina, *RQ]DOR6iQFKH] \(ULF/DLU(GV,)($,HSUL1RUPD%RJRWiSS BBBBBBBBBBBB ³7UDQVLFLRQHVFRQÀLFWLYDVFRPEDWLHQWHVGHVPRYLOL]DGRVHQ &RORPELD´(Q Análisis Político,1o8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD%RJRWiSS BBBBBBBBBBBB(QWUHSUyMLPRVHOFRQÀLFWRDUPDGRLQWHUQR\ODSROtWLFDGHUHFRQFLOLDFLyQHQ el Perú. Lima,,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGLRV3HUXDQRV²,(3²S 7RUUHV0DUtD&ODUDLegitimidades y acción armada en un municipio colombiano. Formas de gobierno y construcción de bases sociales de apoyo por parte de grupos guerrilleros y paramilitares en Colombia.>HQOtQHD@KWWSZZZLQVWLWXWJRXYHUQDQFHRUJHQDQDO\VH¿FKHDQDO\VH KWPO&RQVXOWDGDHOGHRFWXEUHGH 8ULEH0DUtD9LFWRULDAntropología de la inhumanidad. Un ensayo interpretativo sobre el terror en Colombia,(GLWRULDO1RUPD%RJRWiS 9HUGDG$ELHUWD³&RORPELDQRVFUHHQTXHSDUDPLOLWDUHVVLJXHQH[LVWLHQGR´(QVerdadabierta. >(QOtQHD@KWWSYHUGDGDELHUWDFRPFRPSRQHQWFRQWHQWDUWLFOHYHUVLRQHVFRORPELDQRV FUHHQTXHSDUDPLOLWDUHVVLJXHQH[LVWLHQGR&RQVXOWDGDHOGHRFWXEUHGH 9HUGDG$ELHUWDVI³'REOHFHUR´FROHFFLRQDEDGRFXPHQWRVGHVXVYtFWLPDV´>HQOtQHD@KWWSZZZ YHUGDGDELHUWDFRPODKLVWRULDGREOHFHURFROHFFLRQDEDGRFXPHQWRVGHVXVYLFWLPDV &RQVXOWDGDHOGHRFWXEUHGH 9LOOD-XDQ'DYLG³©6LQRIXHUDSRU'LRVQRVRWURV\DQRVKXELpUDPRVPXHUWRª9tFWLPDVUH FRQFLOLDFLyQ\UHOLJLyQ´(QRevista Theologica Xaveriana.9RO1o%RJRWiSS