Español - SciELO Colombia

Anuncio
ÀiۈÃÌ>Ê`iʈ˜}i˜ˆiÀ‰>Ê ›ÓÓÊÊv>VՏÌ>`Ê`iʈ˜}i˜ˆiÀ‰>Ê՘ˆÛiÀÈ`>`Ê`iʏœÃÊ>˜`iÃʘœÛˆi“LÀiÊÓääx
œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊ…Õ“>˜œ\Ê
`iʏœÃÊÌÀiÃÊ«>˜œÃÊ>ʏ>ÃÊÌÀiÃÊ
`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜iÃI
>ÀœÃÊ°Ê,œ`À‰}ÕiâÊ
i«>ÀÌ>“i˜ÌœÊ`iʘ}i˜ˆiÀ‰>ÊiV?˜ˆV>]Ê1˜ˆÛiÀÈ`>`Ê`iʏœÃÊ
˜`iÃ]ʜ}œÌ?Ê°
°
Õ}œÊ+Ո˜ÌiÀœÊ
i«>ÀÌ>“i˜ÌœÊ`iʘ}i˜ˆiÀ‰>ÊiV?˜ˆV>]Ê1˜ˆÛiÀÈ`>`Ê`iʏœÃÊ
˜`iÃ]ʜ}œÌ?Ê°
°
ii˜>ÊÃV…˜iÀ
j`ˆVœÊ"À̜«i`ˆÃÌ>]ÊëiVˆ>ˆÃÌ>Êi˜Ê
ˆÀÕ}‰>Ê`iʏ>Ê>˜œ
,iVˆLˆ`œÊ™Ê`iÊÃi«Ìˆi“LÀiÊ`iÊÓääx]Ê>«ÀœL>`œÊΣÊ`iʜVÌÕLÀiÊ`iÊÓääx°
*,-Ê
6\ʜۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊLÀ>âœ]ʓi`ˆVˆ˜Ê
`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ…Õ“>˜œÊVˆ˜i“?̈V>ÊÌÀˆ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>°
97",-\ÊÀ“Ê“œÌˆœ˜]ʅՓ>˜Ê>À“Ê“œÌˆœ˜Ê“i>‡
ÃÕÀi“i˜Ì]Ê̅Àii‡`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>]ʎˆ˜i“>̈Vð
,-1
Ê>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜ÊV?ÈV>Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÊiÃʓÕÞÊ>`iVÕ>`>Ê«>À>Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀÊ
- / , / ÊÊ/…iÊV>ÃÈVÊÕ««iÀʏˆ“LʓœÌˆœ˜ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>̈œ˜Ê
“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃʈ˜`ˆÛˆ`Õ>iÃʵÕiÊÃiÊÀi>ˆâ>˜Êi˜Ê«>˜œÃ]Ê«iÀœÊ
ˆÃÊ>««Àœ«Àˆ>ÌiÊvœÀÊ`iÃVÀˆLiʈ˜`ˆÛˆ`Õ>Ê“œÌˆœ˜ÃÊ«iÀvœÀ“i`ʈ˜Ê
«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Ê>}՘>Ãʈ˜Vœ…iÀi˜Vˆ>ÃÊVÕ>˜`œÊÃiʈ˜Ìi˜Ì>˜Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀÊ
«>˜iÃ]ÊLÕÌʈÌʅ>Ãʈ˜Vœ…iÀi˜VˆiÃÊ܅i˜ÊˆÌ½ÃÊÕÃi`ÊvœÀÊ`iÃVÀˆ«‡
“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÌÀˆ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>iÃÊÀi>̈Û>“i˜ÌiÊVœ“«iœÃ°Ê˜Ê
̈œ˜ÊœvÊ̅Àii‡`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>ÊVœ“«iÝʓœÛi“i˜ÌðʘÊ̅ˆÃÊܜÀŽÊ
iÃÌiÊÌÀ>L>œÊÃiÊ«Àœ«œ˜iÊ՘>ʓœ`ˆwV>Vˆ˜Ê`iʏ>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜‡
>ʓœ`ˆwV>̈œ˜ÊvœÀÊ̅iʓœÌˆœ˜ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>̈œ˜ÊœvÊ̅iÊÕ««iÀÊ
Ì>Vˆ˜Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊ…Õ“>˜œ]ÊiëiVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊ
ˆ“LʈÃÊ«ÀiÃi˜Ìi`°Ê/…ˆÃÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>̈œ˜ÊˆÃÊiëiVˆ>ÞÊÕÃivՏÊvœÀÊ
Ö̈Ê«>À>ÊiÊÀi«œÀÌiÊ`iÊÀiÃՏÌ>`œÃÊ`iʏ>LœÀ>̜ÀˆœÃÊ`iÊ>˜?ˆÃˆÃÊ
̅iÊÀi«œÀÌʜvÊÀiÃՏÌÃʈ˜ÊVœ“«ÕÌiÀˆâi`ʓœÌˆœ˜Ê>˜>ÞÈÃʏ>LœÀ>‡
Vœ“«ÕÌ>Àˆâ>`œÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜Ìœ°Ê>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜Ê«Àœ«ÕiÃÌ>Ê
̜ÀˆiðÊ/…iÊ«Àœ«œÃi`ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>̈œ˜Ê…>ÃÊÌܜÊ>`Û>˜Ì>}iÃ\ʈÌÊ
̈i˜iÊ`œÃÊÊÛi˜Ì>>Ã\ÊiÃÊÀœLÕÃÌ>Êi˜ÊiÊÃi˜Ìˆ`œÊ`iÊ՘ˆVˆ`>`ÊÞÊ
ˆÃÊÀœLÕÃÌʈ˜Ê̅iÊÃi˜ÃiʜvÊ՘ˆVˆÌÞÊ>˜`ʈÌÊ>œÜÃÊ`iÃVÀˆ«Ìˆœ˜ÊœvÊ
«iÀ“ˆÌiÊ`iÃVÀˆLˆÀʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÌÀˆ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>iÃÊ>ÊÌÀ>ÛjÃÊ`iÊ
̅Àii‡`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>Ê“œÌˆœ˜Ê}À>«…ˆV>Þʈ˜Ê>Êv>“ˆˆ>ÀÊÜ>ÞÊvœÀÊ
}À?wV>ÃÊ`iÊÕÜÊVœ“֘ʫ>À>ʏœÃÊ«ÀœviȜ˜>iÃÊ`iʏ>ÊÃ>Õ`°
…i>Ì…Ê«ÀœviÃȜ˜>Ã°Ê
›
ÓÓÊÊÀiۈÃÌ>Ê`iʈ˜}i˜ˆiÀ‰>
£°Ê
/,"1
$
Ê“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊVÕiÀ«œÊ…Õ“>˜œ]Êiۈ`i˜Ìi“i˜Ìi]Ê
ÃiÊÀi>ˆâ>Êi˜ÊÌÀiÃÊ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜iÃ\ÊV>`>ÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
VÕiÀ«œÊÛ>Ê>ÃՓˆi˜`œÊ«œÃˆVˆœ˜iÃÊÞʜÀˆi˜Ì>Vˆœ˜iÃÊi˜ÊiÊ
ië>VˆœÊ>ʓi`ˆ`>ʵÕiÊÃiÊÀi>ˆâ>ÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜Ìœ°ÊÊ-ˆ˜Ê
i“L>À}œ]ʏ>ÊVœ“«Ài˜Ãˆ˜Ê`iÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊiÃʓ?ÃÊ
ȓ«iÊÈÊÃiÊÀi>ˆâ>Êi˜Ê`œÃÊ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜iÃ]Ê«ÀœÞiVÌ>˜`œÊ
iÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊi˜Ê՘ʫ>˜œÊ>`iVÕ>`œ°Ê
*>À>Ê«œ`iÀÊ`iÃVÀˆLˆÀʏ>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Êië>Vˆ>Ê`iʏœÃÊÃi}‡
“i˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊVÕiÀ«œÊ…Õ“>˜œÊÃiʅ>ÊṎˆâ>`œÊÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ‡
˜>“i˜ÌiÊ՘ÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃÊV>ÀÌiÈ>˜œÊVœ˜Ê
œÀˆ}i˜Êi˜ÊiÊVi˜ÌÀœÊ`iÊ}À>Ûi`>`Ê`iÊVÕiÀ«œ°Ê
œ˜ÊvÀi‡
VÕi˜Vˆ>]ʏœÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÃiʘœ“LÀ>˜ÊVœ˜ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>Ê
œÃÊ«>˜œÃÊvÀœ˜Ì>]ÊÃ>}ˆÌ>ÊÞÊVœÀœ˜>Ê­6ˆ>L>]ÊÓääή°Ê
ÃÌ>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜ÊiÃʓÕÞÊ>`iVÕ>`>Ê«>À>Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀÊ
“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃ]ÊVœ“œÊiÊ`iʏ>ʓ>ÀV…>ʅՓ>˜>]ʵÕiÊiÇ
Ì?˜Ê«À?V̈V>“i˜ÌiÊVœ˜vˆ˜>`œÃÊ>Ê՘ʫ>˜œ°ÊÊ-ˆ˜Êi“L>À‡
}œ]ʘœÊiÃÊÃÕvˆVˆi˜ÌiÊÞÊ«ÀiÃi˜Ì>ʈ˜Vœ˜ÃˆÃÌi˜Vˆ>ÃÊVÕ>˜`œÊ
Ãiʈ˜Ìi˜Ì>˜Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÌÀˆ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>iÃÊ
Ài>̈Û>“i˜ÌiÊVœ“«iœÃ°
˜ÊiÊV>Üʫ>À̈VՏ>ÀÊ`iʏ>ÃÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`iÃÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀiÃ]Ê
>ÊÀiviÀi˜Vˆ>Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊVœ˜ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>Ê
՘>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê>ÀLˆÌÀ>Àˆ>]Ê`i˜œ“ˆ˜>`>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê>˜>̝‡
“ˆV>]ʵÕiÊVœÀÀi뜘`iÊ>ÊÌi˜iÀÊiÊLÀ>âœÊ>ÊVœÃÌ>`œÊ`iÊ
̝À>ÝÊVœ˜Ê>Ê«>“>Ê`iʏ>ʓ>˜œÊ…>Vˆ>ÊiÊvÀi˜Ìi°ÊÊ
Ê«>À̈ÀÊ`iÊiÃÌ>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊÃiʈ`i˜ÌˆvˆV>˜ÊœÃʓœÛˆ‡
“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iʏ>ÊV>`i˜>ÊvœÀ“>`>Ê«œÀʏœÃÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ
>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÊ­,>ÕÊÞÊ-V…“ˆ`Ì]ÊÓäää®°
˜ÊiÃÌiÊÌÀ>L>œÊÃiʈ`i˜ÌˆvˆV>˜Ê>}՘œÃʈ˜Vœ˜Ûi˜ˆi˜‡
ÌiÃÊ`iÊiÃÌ>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iʏ>Ê
iÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÊÞÊÃiÊ«Àœ«œ˜iÊ՘>ʓœ`ˆvˆV>Vˆ˜Ê
Ì>˜ÌœÊi˜Ê>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê`iÊÀiviÀi˜Vˆ>Ê­«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊViÀœ®]Ê
Vœ“œÊi˜Ê>ÊVœ˜Ûi˜Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜Ìœ°Ê>Ê`iÃVÀˆ«‡
Vˆ˜Ê«Àœ«ÕiÃÌ>Ê«iÀ“ˆÌiÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>ÀʏœÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ
ÌÀˆ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>iÃÊ`iʏ>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÊ`iÊvœÀ“>Ê
՘‰ÛœV>ÊÞÊÃi˜Vˆ>°Ê
˜ˆVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊÃiÊ«>˜Ìi>Ê՘ʓœ`iœÊLˆœ“iV?˜ˆVœÊ`iÊ
>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÊVœ“œÊ՘>ÊV>`i˜>Ê`iÊVÕiÀ«œÃÊ
À‰}ˆ`œÃ°Ê-œLÀiÊiÃÌiʓœ`iœ]ÊÃiÊiÝ«œ˜i˜ÊœÃʈ˜Vœ˜Ûi‡
˜ˆi˜ÌiÃÊ`iʏ>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜ÊVœ˜Ûi˜Vˆœ˜>ÊÞÊÃiÊ«Àœ«œ‡
˜iʏ>ʘÕiÛ>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜°Êˆ˜>“i˜Ìi]ÊÃiʈÕÃÌÀ>˜Ê
>}՘œÃÊii“«œÃÊ`iÊÀi«œÀÌiÃÊ}À?vˆVœÃÊ`iÊiÝ«iÀˆ“i˜‡
̜Ã]ʵÕiÊiÝ«ˆV>˜Ê՘‰ÛœV>“i˜ÌiÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏ>Ê
iÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀ
Ó°Ê""ÊÊ,<"Ê1
"
Ê“œ`iœÊLˆœ“iV?˜ˆVœÊ`iʏ>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÊ
­ˆ}°Ê£®ÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊVœ“œÊ՘>ÊV>`i˜>Ê>LˆiÀÌ>Ê`iÊxÊ
Ãi}“i˜ÌœÃÊÀ‰}ˆ`œÃ]ÊVœ˜iVÌ>`œÃÊi˜ÌÀiÊÉʫœÀÊ{Ê՘ˆœ˜iÃÊ
>À̈VՏ>ÀiÃÊȓ«ið
ˆ}°Ê£°Êœ`iœÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊ…Õ“>˜œ
œÃÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÃʵÕiÊVœ“«œ˜i˜ÊiÊ“œ`iœÊÃiÀ?˜ÊÌÀ>Ì>‡
`œÃÊVœ“œÊVÕiÀ«œÃÊÀ‰}ˆ`œÃÊÞÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜i˜Êi˜Ê>Ê/>L>Ê£°
/>L>Ê£°Êivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜Ê`iÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ“œ`iœÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊ…Õ“>˜œ°
S E G M E NT O
D E F I NI C IØ N
/À>Ý
>ۉVՏ>
"Àˆ}i˜Ê`iÊÈÃÌi“>Ê>À̈VՏ>`œÊ­/ˆiÀÀ>®°
iÃ`iʏ>Ê>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜ÊiÃÌiÀ˜œ‡V>ۈVՏ>ÀÊ
…>ÃÌ>ʏ>Ê>VÀœ“ˆœ‡V>ۈVՏ>À°
iÃ`iʏ>Ê>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜Ê}i˜œ‡…Õ“iÀ>Ê…>ÃÌ>Ê
>Ê>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜ÊÊ`iÊVœ`œ°
iÃ`iÊiÊVœ`œÊ…>ÃÌ>ʏ>ʓ՚iV>°Ê
Ê«>À̈ÀÊ`iʏ>ʓ՚iV>°
֓iÀœ
˜ÌiLÀ>âœ
>˜œ
Ã̜ÃÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÃÊÃiÊ՘i˜Ê«œÀʓi`ˆœÊ`iÊVÕ>ÌÀœÊ>À̈‡
VՏ>Vˆœ˜iÃʵÕiÊ«ÀœÛii˜Ê՘Ê̜Ì>Ê`iʘÕiÛiÊ}À>`œÃÊ`iÊ
ˆLiÀÌ>`°Ê>ÃÊ>À̈VՏ>Vˆœ˜iÃʵÕiÊÃiʅ>˜Êˆ˜VÕˆ`œÊi˜ÊiÊ
“œ`iœÊܘ\ʏ>Ê>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜ÊiÃÌiÀ˜œ‡V>ۈVÕ
Ê/À>L>œÊvˆ˜>˜Vˆ>`œÊ«œÀÊ
"
-°Ê
œ˜ÌÀ>̜ʣ{ӇÓääÓ°Ê*ÀœÞiV̜ʺiÃ>ÀÀœœÊ`iÊ՘>ÊiÀÀ>“ˆi˜Ì>Ê`iʘ?ˆÃˆÃÊ
Õ>˜‡
̈Ì>̈ۜÊ`iʜۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÊi˜ÊÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`iÃÊ-Õ«iÀˆœÀiû
>ÀÊ­ˆ}°ÊÓ>®ÊµÕiÊ«iÀ“ˆÌiÊÓÊ}À>`œÃÊ`iʏˆLiÀÌ>`ÆÊiÊ
…œ“LÀœÊ­ˆ}°ÊÓL®ÊµÕiÊ«iÀ“ˆÌiÊÎÊ}À>`œÃÊ`iʏˆLiÀÌ>`ÊÞÊ
v՘Vˆœ˜>“i˜ÌiÊiÃʏ>Ê՘ˆ˜Ê`iʏ>ÃÊ>À̈VՏ>Vˆœ˜iÃÊ>VÀœ‡
“ˆœ‡V>ۈVՏ>ÀÊÞÊ}i˜œ‡…Õ“iÀ>ÆÊiÊVœ`œÊ­ˆ}°ÊÓV®ÆÊÞÊ
>ʓ՚iV>Ê­ˆ}°ÊÓ`®ÊµÕiÊ«iÀ“ˆÌi˜ÊV>`>Ê՘>ÊÓÊ}À>`œÃÊ
`iʏˆLiÀÌ>`°Ê
Ê“œ`iœÊ«Àœ«ÕiÃ̜Ê̈i˜iÊ>}՘>ÃÊȓ«ˆvˆV>Vˆœ‡
˜iÃʈ“«œÀÌ>˜ÌiÃÊVœ˜ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>ʏ>ÊvˆÃˆœœ}‰>Ê`iʏ>Ê
iÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀ°Ê>ÃÊÌÀiÃÊ«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>iÃÊܘʏ>ÃÊ
È}Ոi˜ÌiÃ\
“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏ>ÊV>ۉVՏ>ÊVœ“œÊ«>ÀÌiÊ`iʏ>ÊiÝÌÀi‡
“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÆʏœÊVÕ>Êi˜ÀˆµÕiViʏ>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜Ê
`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃ]ÊVœ“œÊÃiʓÕiÃÌÀ>Ê«œÃÌiÀˆœÀ“i˜Ìi°
ΰÊ
$
Ê/,
"
ÊÊ"-Ê"6‡
/"-ÊÊ","
ˆ}°ÊΰÊʜۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœÊÊÞÊiiÃÊÀi>Vˆœ˜>`œÃ
%
>`>Ê>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜ÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ>ÊÌÀ>ÛjÃÊ`iÊ՘ÊÊVi˜ÌÀœÊ
>À̈VՏ>À]ʵÕiÊiÃÊ՘ʫ՘̜ʵÕiÊÃiÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>ÊvˆœÊ>ʏœÃÊ
`œÃÊVÕiÀ«œÃÊ>`Þ>Vi˜ÌiðÊ>Ê>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ…œ“LÀœ]Ê
iëiVˆ>“i˜Ìi]ÊÃiÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>ÊVœ“œÊ՘>Ê՘ˆ˜ÊiÃvjÀˆV>Ê
ȓ«i]ʵÕiʓ>˜Ìˆi˜iʏ>Êv՘Vˆœ˜>ˆ`>`Ê`iʏœÃʓœÛˆ‡
“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœÊ«iÀœÊ˜œÊÃÕÊVœ˜vˆ}ÕÀ>Vˆ˜ÊÀi>°
%Ê>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊÃiÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>ÊVœ“œÊ՘ÊVÕiÀ«œÊÀ‰}ˆ`œ]Ê
œÊVÕ>Ê…>ViʵÕiʏœÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ«Àœ˜>Vˆ˜ÊÞÊ
ÃÕ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜ÊÃiÊ`iL>˜ÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>ÀÊ>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊVœ`œ°
%>ʓ>˜œÊÃiʓœ`i>ÊVœ“œÊ՘ÊVÕiÀ«œÊÀ‰}ˆ`œ°
ˆ}°ÊÓ°ÊÀ̈VՏ>Vˆœ˜iÃÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>`>ÃÊi˜ÊiÊ“œ`iœ
˜Ê>Êvˆ}ÕÀ>ÊÎÊÃiʓÕiÃÌÀ>˜ÊœÃÊiiÃÊ«Àˆ˜Vˆ«>iÃʵÕiÊ
ÃiÊ`ivˆ˜i˜Ê«>À>Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœ\Ê
՘ÊiiÊÌÀ>˜ÃÛiÀÜʭ/®ÊµÕiÊÛ>Ê`iÃ`iÊ՘ʅœ“LÀœÊ…>ÃÌ>Ê
iÊœÌÀœÆÊ՘ÊiiÊ>˜ÌiÀœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊ­®ÊµÕiÊÛ>Ê`iÊ>ÌÀ?ÃÊ
…>Vˆ>Ê`i>˜ÌiÊ>ÊÌÀ>ÛjÃÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœÆÊÞÊ՘Êiiʏœ˜}ˆÌՇ
`ˆ˜>Ê­®ÊµÕiÊ>ÌÀ>ۈiÃ>ÊiÊ…œ“LÀœÊÛiÀ̈V>“i˜ÌiÊÞÊiÃÊ
«iÀ«i˜`ˆVՏ>ÀÊ>ʏœÃÊ`œÃÊ>˜ÌiÀˆœÀiðÊ`ˆVˆœ˜>“i˜Ìi]Ê
ÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ՘Êiiʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Ê`iÊ“ˆi“LÀœÊ­®ÊvˆœÊ>Ê
…Ö“iÀœ°
œ˜ÊL>ÃiÊi˜ÊiÃ̜ÃÊiiÃÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜i˜ÊœÃÊÈ}Ոi˜ÌiÃÊ«>‡
˜œÃÊ`iÊÀiviÀi˜Vˆ>\
%Ê«>˜œÊ`iÊvi݈˜Ê‡ÊiÝÌi˜Ãˆ˜]ÊiÊVÕ>ÊVœ˜Ìˆi˜iÊiÊ
iiÊ>˜ÌiÀœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊÞÊiÊiiʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>]ÊÞÊiÃʘœÀ“>Ê
>ÊiiÊÌÀ>˜ÃÛiÀÜ°
*œÀʜÌÀ>Ê«>ÀÌi]Ê՘>ʘœÛi`>`Ê`iÊiÃÌiʓœ`iœÊÀiëiV̜Ê
>ʜÌÀœÃÊ«Àœ«ÕiÃ̜ÃÊi˜Ê>ʏˆÌiÀ>ÌÕÀ>ÊiÃʏ>ʈ˜VÕȝ˜Ê`iÊ
%Ê«>˜œÊ`iÊ>L`ÕVVˆ˜Ê‡Ê>`ÕVVˆ˜]ÊiÊVÕ>ÊVœ˜Ìˆi˜iÊ
œÃÊiiÃÊÌÀ>˜ÃÛiÀÜÊÞʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>]ÊÞÊiÃʘœÀ“>Ê>ÊiiÊ
>˜ÌiÀœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀ°
›
ÓÓÊÊÀiۈÃÌ>Ê`iʈ˜}i˜ˆiÀ‰>
%Ê«>˜œÊ˜iÕÌÀœ]ÊiÊVÕ>ÊVœ˜Ìˆi˜iʏœÃÊiiÃÊÌÀ>˜ÃÛiÀÜÊ
ÞÊ>˜ÌiÀœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀ]ÊÞÊiÃʘœÀ“>Ê>Êiiʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>°
/i˜ˆi˜`œÊiÃÌ>ÃÊ`ivˆ˜ˆVˆœ˜iÃÊ`iÊiiÃÊÞÊ«>˜œÃ]ʏœÃʓœ‡
ۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜i˜ÊVœ“œ\Ê
i݈˜\ÊÃÌiʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ̈i˜iʏÕ}>ÀÊ>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊ
iiÊÌÀ>˜ÃÛiÀÜÊÞÊiÃÊ՘>Ê`iÃVÀˆ«Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
µÕiʜVÕÀÀiÊVÕ>˜`œÊÃiÊiiÛ>ÊiÊLÀ>âœÊ…>Vˆ>Ê>`i>˜Ìi°ÊÊ
˜ÊiÊV>ÜÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœ]ÊÃiÊVÕ>˜ÌˆvˆV>ʓi`ˆ>˜ÌiÊiÊ
Û>œÀÊ`iÊ?˜}ՏœÊµÕiÊÃiÊVÀi>Êi˜ÌÀiÊiÊLÀ>âœÊÞÊiÊiiÊ
œ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Êi˜ÊiÊ«>˜œÊ`iʏi݈˜ÊqÊÝÌi˜Ãˆ˜°Ê˜Ê
>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê>˜>̝“ˆV>ʏ>Êvi݈˜Ê`iÊ…œ“LÀœÊiÃʘՏ>°
ÝÌi˜Ãˆ˜\ʜۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÊœ«ÕiÃ̜Ê>ʏ>Êvi݈˜]ÊÌ>“Lˆj˜Ê
̈i˜iʏÕ}>ÀÊ>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊiiÊÌÀ>˜ÃÛiÀÜ°ÊÊ-iÊ`iÃVÀˆLiÊ
Vœ“œÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊµÕiÊ>ViÀV>ÊiÊLÀ>âœÊ…>Vˆ>ÊiÊ
VÕiÀ«œÊÈÊiÊLÀ>âœÊiÃÌ?Êi˜Êvi݈˜°
L`ÕVVˆ˜ÊÞÊ`ÕVVˆ˜\ÊÃ̜ÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ̈i˜i˜Ê
Õ}>ÀÊ>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊiiÊ>˜ÌiÀœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊÞʜVÕÀÀi˜Ê
VÕ>˜`œÊiÊLÀ>âœÊÃiÊ>i>Ê`iÊVÕiÀ«œÊ­>L`ÕVVˆ˜®ÊÞÊ
VÕ>˜`œÊÃiÊ>ViÀV>ʘÕiÛ>“i˜ÌiÊ­>`ÕVVˆ˜®°Ê*>À>ÊiÊ
…œ“LÀœ]ÊiÃ̜ÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÃiÊVÕ>˜ÌˆvˆV>˜Ê“i`ˆ>˜ÌiÊ
iÊÛ>œÀÊ`iÊ?˜}ՏœÊVÀi>`œÊi˜ÌÀiÊiÊLÀ>âœÊÞÊiÊiiʏœ˜‡
}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Êi˜ÊiÊ«>˜œÊ`iÊL`ÕVVˆ˜ÊqÊ`ÕVVˆ˜°
,œÌ>Vˆ˜Ê`iʜ“LÀœ\ÊÃÌiʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ̈i˜iʏÕ}>ÀÊ
>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊiiʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Ê`iÊ“ˆi“LÀœ°ÊÊ-iÊ`ivˆ‡
˜iÊVœ“œÊ>ÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ“ˆi“LÀœÊÜLÀiÊÃÕÊ«Àœ«ˆœÊii°
ÀiÃՏÌ>ÊiëiVˆ>“i˜ÌiÊÖ̈Ê«>À>Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜‡
̜ÃÊÃi˜VˆœÃÊ`iÊ̈«œÊ>ÀVœÃÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊ
­,œ`À‰}Õiâ]Ê+Ո˜ÌiÀœÊÞʜÌiÀœ]ÊÓääή°Ê-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]Ê
iÃÌ>ÃÊ`ivˆ˜ˆVˆœ˜iÃʘœÊܘʏœÊÃÕvˆVˆi˜Ìi“i˜ÌiÊV>À>ÃÊÞÊ
«ÀiVˆÃ>ÃÊ«>À>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆÀʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊVœ“«iœÃ]Êi˜Ìi˜‡
`ˆ`œÃÊVœ“œÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ÃʵÕiʜVÕÀÀi˜Êi˜Ê
iÊië>VˆœÊÌÀˆ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>°ÊÊ
*>À>ʈÕÃÌÀ>ÀÊiÃÌiʫ՘̜Êi˜Ê>Êvˆ}ÕÀ>Ê{ÊÃiʓÕiÃÌÀ>Ê
՘>ÊÃiVÕi˜Vˆ>ÊVœÀÀi뜘`ˆi˜ÌiÊ>ÊÌÀiÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ
ȓ«iÃÊiiVÕÌ>`œÃÊÃÕViÈÛ>“i˜Ìi\Ê՘Ê}ˆÀœÊ`iʙä¨Ê
ÀiëiV̜Ê>ÊiiÊÌÀ>ÃÛiÀÜ]Ê՘Ê}ˆÀœÊ`iʇ™ä¨ÊÀiëiV̜Ê
>Êiiʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>ÊÞÊ՘Ê}ˆÀœÊ`iʙä¨ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>ÊiiÊ
>˜ÌiÀœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀ°
"LÃiÀÛ>˜`œÊ>ÊÃiVÕi˜Vˆ>]Êi˜Ê˜ˆ˜}֘ʓœ“i˜ÌœÊÃiʅ>ViÊ
՘>ÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê`iʅœ“LÀœÆÊȘÊi“L>À}œ]ÊVÕ>˜`œÊiÊLÀ>âœÊ
Ài}ÀiÃ>Ê>ʏ>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Êˆ˜ˆVˆ>ÊÃiÊÛÕiÛiÊVœ˜ÊiÊ…œ“LÀœÊ
ÀœÌ>`œÊ‡™ä¨°ÊÊÃ̜ÊÃiÊ`iLiÊ>ʵÕiÊ`ÕÀ>˜Ìiʏ>ÊÃi}՘`>Ê
«>ÀÌiÊ`iÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ­>L`ÕVVˆ˜®ÊiÊ…œ“LÀœÊÀœÌ>Ê«>À>Ê
«œ`iÀʓ>˜Ìi˜iÀʏ>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊÛiÀ̈V>Ê`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>✰ÊÃÌ>Ê
ÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê˜œÊiÃÊ«iÀVˆLˆ`>ʓi`ˆ>˜Ìiʏ>Ê>«ˆV>Vˆ˜Ê`iʏ>Ê
`iw˜ˆVˆ˜Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ˜>°ÊÊ
*œÀʜÌÀ>Ê«>ÀÌi]ÊÈÊi˜Ê>ÊÃiVÕi˜Vˆ>Ê`iʏ>Êvˆ}ÕÀ>Ê{ÊÃiÊ
Vœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>ʏ>ʈ“>}i˜Ê“>ÀV>`>]ÊiÊʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊi˜Ê>ÃÊ
ÃÌ>Ê`iÃVÀˆ«Vˆ˜Ê`iʏœÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊiÃÊ>“‡
«ˆ>“i˜ÌiÊṎˆâ>`>Ê«œÀÊvˆÃˆœÌiÀ>«iÕÌ>ÃÊÞʓj`ˆVœÃ]ÊÞÊ
ˆ}°Ê{°Êʜۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊi˜ÊiÊië>Vˆœ
`œÃʈ“?}i˜iÃÊ«œÃÌiÀˆœÀiÃÊiÃÊ՘>Ê>`ÕVVˆ˜Ê`iʙä¨Ê`iÊ
…œ“LÀœÊ`iÊ>VÕiÀ`œÊVœ˜Ê>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜ÊÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ˜>°Ê
-ˆ˜Êi“L>À}œ]ÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ«>À̈i˜`œÊ`iʏ>ʓˆÃ“>Ê
“>ÀV>]Ê`œÃʈ“?}i˜iÃÊ>ÌÀ?Ã]Ê>Ê«iÃ>ÀÊÃiÀÊ՘>ÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê
ȓ«i]Ê}i˜iÀ>Ê>“Lˆ}Øi`>`Êi˜Ê>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜Ê
ÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ˜>°ÊiʅiV…œÊ«œ`À‰>ÊÃՓˆÀÃiÊÊÌ>“Lˆj˜ÊVœ“œÊ
՘>Ê>`ÕVVˆ˜Ê`iʙ䨰
ÃÌiÊii“«œÊiۈ`i˜Vˆ>ʏ>ʘiViÈ`>`Ê`iÊ՘>ʘÕiÛ>Ê
`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜ÊµÕiÊÃi>Ê«ÀiVˆÃ>ÊÞÊÀœLÕÃÌ>Ê`iÃ`iÊiÊ«Õ˜ÌœÊ
`iÊۈÃÌ>Ê`iʏ>Ê՘ˆVˆ`>`]Ê«>À>ʏ>Ê`iÃVÀˆ«Vˆ˜Ê`iʓœÛˆ‡
“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊi˜ÊiÊië>Vˆœ°
{ ° Ê * , " * 1 - / Ê Ê $
ÊÊ"-Ê"6‡
/"-ÊÊÊ8/,Ê-1*,",
/À>`ˆVˆœ˜>“i˜Ìi]ÊÃiÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>˜ÊVˆ˜VœÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ
˜iViÃ>ÀˆœÃÊ«>À>Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏ>ÃÊiÝÌÀi‡
“ˆ`>`iÃÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀiÃ\ʏ>ÃÊÌÀiÃÊÀœÌ>Vˆœ˜iÃÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœ]Ê
>Êvi݈˜‡iÝÌi˜Ãˆ˜Ê`iÊVœ`œÊÞʏ>Ê«Àœ˜œ‡ÃÕ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê
`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>✰Ê`ˆVˆœ˜>“i˜Ìi]ÊÃiÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>˜Ê`œÃÊ
ÀœÌ>Vˆœ˜iÃÊ`iʏ>ʓ՚iV>ÊVœ˜ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>Ê>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊ
­vi݈˜‡iÝÌi˜Ãˆ˜ÊÞÊ`iÃۈ>Vˆ˜ÊÀ>`ˆœ‡VÕLˆÌ>®°ÊœÃÊ
“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜i˜Ê`iÊvœÀ“>ʈ˜`i«i˜`ˆi˜ÌiÊ
Ṏˆâ>˜`œÊ«>˜œÃÊÞÊiiÃÊ`iÊÀiviÀi˜Vˆ>Ê`iÊVÕiÀ«œ°Ê˜Ê
iÃÌ>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜ÊÕÃÕ>“i˜ÌiʘœÊÃiʈ˜VÕÞi˜ÊœÃʓœÛˆ‡
“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iʏ>ÊV>ۉVՏ>Ê­,>ÕÊÞÊ-V…“ˆ`Ì]ÊÓäää®°
ÊVœ˜Ìˆ˜Õ>Vˆ˜ÊÃiÊ«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Ê՘>ʘÕiÛ>Ê«Àœ«ÕiÃÌ>Ê
`iÊ`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜Ê`iʏœÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iʏ>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`Ê
ÃÕ«iÀˆœÀÊ­,>˜]Ê*iÌÕÎiÞÊÞÊ>}iÞ]ÊÓääÓ®°Ê*>À>ʓi`ˆÀÊ
œÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ՘ÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÊÀiëiV̜Ê>Ê>˜ÌiÀˆœÀ]Ê
ÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ՘ÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃʏœV>ÊÜLÀiÊV>`>Ê
Ãi}“i˜ÌœÊVœ“«ÕiÃ̜ʫœÀÊÌÀiÃÊÛiV̜ÀiÃÊ՘ˆÌ>ÀˆœÃʓՇ
ÌÕ>“i˜ÌiÊ«iÀ«i˜`ˆVՏ>ÀiðÊ
œ“œÊÀiviÀi˜Vˆ>Ê}œL>]ÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ՘ÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ‡
`i˜>`>ÃÊvˆœÊi˜ÊiÊ̝À>ÝÊ­Ì£]ÊÌÓ]ÊÌήÊÌ>ÊVœ“œÊÃiʈÕÃÌÀ>Ê
i˜Ê>ʈ}ÕÀ>Êx°ÊÊÛiV̜ÀÊÌÓʈ˜`ˆV>ʏ>Ê`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Ê>˜Ìi‡
Àœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊ>Ê̝À>Ý]ÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊÌÎʈ˜`ˆV>ʏ>Ê`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Ê
œ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>ÊÞÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊÌ£ÊVœ“«iÌ>ÊiÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊÌ>Ê
vœÀ“>ʵÕiÊiÊÈÃÌi“>ÊÃi>Ê`iÝÌÀ}ˆÀœÊ­Ì£rÊÌÓʗÊÌή°
ˆ}°Êx°ÊÊ-ˆÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃÊ}œL>
{°£Ê"6
/ " - Ê Ê Ê 6 1 *>À>Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀÊiÊVœ“«œÀÌ>“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏ>ÊV>ۉVՏ>Ê
ÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ՘ÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃʏœV>Ê­V£]ÊVÓ]Ê
VήÊ`iʏ>ÊÈ}Ոi˜ÌiÊvœÀ“>Ê­ˆ}°ÊÈ®\ÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊV£ÊÛ>Êi˜Ê
`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Ê`iʏ>ʏ‰˜i>ʵÕiÊ՘iʏ>Ê>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜ÊiÃÌiÀ˜œ‡
V>ۈVՏ>ÀÊVœ˜Ê>Ê>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜Ê>VÀœ“ˆœ‡V>ۈVՏ>À°Ê
ˆ}°ÊÈ°Êʜۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏ>ÊV>ۉVՏ>
œÃʜÌÀœÃÊ`œÃÊÛiV̜ÀiÃÊ̈i˜i˜Ê“i˜œÀʈ˜vÕi˜Vˆ>Êi˜Ê>ÃÊ
`ivˆ˜ˆVˆœ˜iÃÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜Ìœ]ÊݏœÊ̈i˜i˜Ê>ÊÀiÃÌÀˆV‡
Vˆ˜Ê`iÊÃiÀÊ«iÀ«i˜`ˆVՏ>ÀiÃÊ>ÊV£ÊÞÊVœ“«iÌ>Àʏ>ÊÌiÀ˜>Ê
«>À>ʵÕiÊÃi>Ê`iÝÌÀ}ˆÀ>°Ê˜ÊiÃÌiÊV>Ü]ÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊVÓÊ
«Õi`iÊ`ivˆ˜ˆÀÃiÊi˜Ê>Ê`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Ê>˜ÌiÀœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊ`iÊ
Ãi}“i˜ÌœÊÞÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊVÎrÊV£Ê—ÊVÓÆÊ`iÊÌ>ÊvœÀ“>ʵÕiÊVÓÊ
Vœˆ˜Vˆ`iÊVœ˜ÊÌÓÊÞÊVÎÊVœˆ˜Vˆ`iÊVœ˜ÊÌÎ]Êi˜Ê>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê`iÊ
Ài«œÃœÊ`iʏ>ÊV>ۉVՏ>Ê­«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊViÀœ®°
1˜>ÊÛiâÊ`iw˜ˆ`œÊiÃÌiÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃÊÃiÊ`iw‡
˜i˜Ê`œÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iʏ>ÊV>ۉVՏ>ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>Ê̝À>Ý\
iÛ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊV>ۉVՏ>\ÊiÃÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊi˜ÌÀiÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊV£Ê
ÞÊiÊ«>˜œÊvœÀ“>`œÊ«œÀÊÌ£ÊÞÊÊÌÓ°ÊÊ
›
ÓÓÊÊÀiۈÃÌ>Ê`iʈ˜}i˜ˆiÀ‰>
˜Vˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊV>ۉVՏ>\ÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iʏ>ʈ˜Vˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê
Vœ“œÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊi˜ÌÀiÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊV£ÊÞÊiÊ«>˜œÊvœÀ“>`œÊ
«œÀÊÌ£ÊÞÊÊÌΰÊ
>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊViÀœÊ`iʏ>ÊV>ۉVՏ>ÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊVÕ>˜`œÊiÊ
LÀ>âœÊ`iÃV>˜Ã>ÊȘʘˆ˜}֘Ê̈«œÊ`iÊiÃvÕiÀâœÊ­V£ÊVœˆ˜‡
Vˆ`iÊVœ˜ÊÌ£®°
{°ÓÊ
"6
/"-ÊÊ2,"
ÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃÊvˆœÊ>Ê…Ö“iÀœÊ­…£]ʅÓ]ʅήÊ
ÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ`iÊvœÀ“>Êȓˆ>ÀʵÕiÊiÊ`iÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÊ>˜‡
ÌiÀˆœÀÊ­ˆ}°ÊÇ®\ÊiÊÛiV̜Àʅ£ÊVœˆ˜Vˆ`iÊVœ˜Ê>Ê`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Ê
œ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Ê`iÊ…Ö“iÀœ]ÊiÃÊ`iVˆÀʏ>Ê`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Ê`iʏ>Ê
‰˜i>ʵÕiÊ՘iÊiÊ…œ“LÀœÊ­>À̈VՏ>Vˆ˜Ê}i˜œ‡…Õ“i‡
À>®ÊVœ˜ÊiÊVœ`œ°Ê
œÃʜÌÀœÃÊ`œÃÊÛiV̜ÀiÃÊܘʫiÀ«i˜`ˆVՏ>ÀiÃÊ>ʅ£ÊÞÊ
Vœ“«iÌ>˜Ê՘>ÊÌiÀ˜>Ê`iÝÌÀ}ˆÀ>\ÊiÊÛiV̜ÀʅÓÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ
i˜Ê>Ê`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Ê>˜ÌiÀœ‡«œÃÌiÀˆœÀÊ`iÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÊÞÊiÊ
ÛiV̜ÀʅÎrʅ£Ê—Ê…Ó°Ê
*>À>Ê>ȓˆ>ÀʏœÊ“?ÃÊ«œÃˆLiʏ>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜Ê«Àœ«ÕiÃÌ>Ê
Vœ˜Ê>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœÊi݇
«ÕiÃÌ>Êi˜ÊiÊ˜Õ“iÀ>ÊÎ]ʏœÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ…Ö“iÀœÊ
ÃiÊ`ivˆ˜i˜ÊVœ˜ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>Ê̝À>ÝÊÞÊÃiʘœ“LÀ>˜ÊVœ“œÊ
œÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ…œ“LÀœ°Ê-ÕÊ`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜ÊÃiÀ?\
}ՏœÊvœÀ“>`œÊ«œÀÊiÊÛiV̜Àʅ£ÊÞÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊÌ£°Ê-ÕÊÛ>œÀÊ
iÃʙä¨Ê“i˜œÃÊiÃÌiÊ?˜}Տœ°
,œÌ>Vˆ˜Ê`iʅœ“LÀœ\ÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊVœ“œÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
>˜}Տ>ÀÊ`iÊ…Ö“iÀœÊÜLÀiÊÃÕÊ«Àœ«ˆœÊiiʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Ê
­>Ài`i`œÀÊ`iÊÛiV̜Àʅ£®°ÊÊ*>À>ʓi`ˆÀÊiÃÌiÊ?˜}ՏœÊiÃÊ
˜iViÃ>ÀˆœÊ>ˆ˜i>ÀÊ>˜ÌiÃÊiÊ…Ö“iÀœ]Ê`iÊÌ>ÊvœÀ“>ʵÕiÊ
iÊÛiV̜Àʅ£ÊÃi>Ê>˜Ìˆ‡«>À>iœÊVœ˜ÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊÌÎÆÊ`iÊiÃÌ>Ê
vœÀ“>]ÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊ`iÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜ÊÃiÀ?ÊiÊvœÀ“>`œÊ«œÀʏœÃÊ
ÛiV̜ÀiÃʅÓÊÞÊÌÓ°Ê
>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊViÀœÊ`iÊ…Ö“iÀœÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊVÕ>˜`œÊiÊ
LÀ>âœÊ`iÃV>˜Ã>ÊȘʘˆ˜}֘ÊiÃvÕiÀâœ\ÊiÊ…Ö“iÀœÊiÃÌ?Ê
՘ˆ`œÊ>Ê̝À>ÝÊȘÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜ÊÜLÀiÊÃÕÊiiʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Ê
ÞÊiÊÛiV̜Àʅ£ÊiÃÌ?Ê>ˆ˜i>`œÊVœ˜ÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊÌΰ
{°ÎÊ
"6
/"-ÊÊ
/,<"
Ê`ˆviÀi˜Vˆ>Ê`iʏœÃÊÃi}“i˜ÌœÃÊ>˜ÌiÀˆœÀiÃʏœÃʓœ‡
ۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜i˜ÊVœ˜ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>Ê
Ãi}“i˜ÌœÊ>˜ÌiÀˆœÀÊ­iÊ…Ö“iÀœ®ÊÞʘœÊ`ˆÀiVÌ>“i˜ÌiÊÀiÇ
«iV̜Ê>ÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃÊ}œL>°Ê-iÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ՘Ê
ÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃÊvˆœÊ>Ê>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊ­v£]ÊvÓ]ÊvήÊ`iÊ
>ÊÈ}Ոi˜ÌiÊvœÀ“>\Ê­ˆ}°Ên®\ÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊv£ÊVœˆ˜Vˆ`iÊVœ˜Ê
>Ê`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Êœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Ê`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>âœ]ÊiÃÊ`iVˆÀʏ>Ê
`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Ê`iʏ>ʏ‰˜i>ʵÕiÊ՘iÊiÊVœ`œÊVœ˜ÊiÊVi˜ÌÀœÊ`iÊ
>ʓ՚iV>°ÊÊÛiV̜ÀÊvÎÊiÃÊ«iÀ«i˜`ˆVՏ>ÀÊ>Ê>˜ÌiÀˆœÀÊÞÊ
iÃÊ«>À>iœÊ>ÊÛiV̜ÀʵÕiÊÛ>Ê`iÃ`iÊ«Àœ“ˆ˜i˜Vˆ>ʝÃi>Ê
`iÊVÖLˆÌœÊi˜Ê>ʓ՚iV>Ê>ʏ>Ê«Àœ“ˆ˜i˜Vˆ>ʝÃi>Ê`iÊ
À>`ˆœÊi˜Ê>ʓ՚iV>°ÊÊÛiV̜ÀÊvÓÊVœ“«iÌ>ʏ>ÊÌiÀ˜>Ê`iÊ
vœÀ“>ʵÕiÊÃi>Ê`iÝÌÀ}ˆÀ>°
ˆ}°ÊÇ°ÊÊ-ˆÃÌi“>ʏœV>Ê>Ê…Ö“iÀœ
i݈˜Ê`iʅœ“LÀœ\ÊÃiÊV>VՏ>ÊVœ˜ÊL>ÃiÊi˜ÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊ
vœÀ“>`œÊ«œÀÊiÊÛiV̜Àʅ£ÊÞÊÛiV̜ÀÊÌÓ°Ê-ÕÊÛ>œÀÊiÃʙä¨Ê
“i˜œÃÊ`ˆV…œÊ?˜}Տœ°
L`ÕVVˆ˜Ê`iʅœ“LÀœ\ÊÃiÊV>VՏ>ÊVœ˜ÊL>ÃiÊi˜ÊiÊ?˜‡
ˆ}°Ên°ÊÊ-ˆÃÌi“>ʏœV>Ê>Ê>˜ÌiLÀ>âœ
ÉÊVœ“œÊi˜ÊiÊV>ÜÊ`iÊ…Ö“iÀœ]ʏ>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜Ê«Àœ‡
«ÕiÃÌ>Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊ…>ViÊÀiviÀi˜Vˆ>Ê
>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜ÊÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ˜>Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ«>À>Êv>Vˆˆ‡
Ì>ÀÊÃÕÊVœ“«Ài˜Ãˆ˜°Ê
i݈˜Ê`iÊVœ`œ\ÊiÃÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊvœÀ“>`œÊ«œÀÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊv£Ê
ÞÊiÊÛiV̜Àʅ£Ê“?Ãʙä¨Ê­`iÊ>VÕiÀ`œÊVœ˜Ê>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜Ê
`iÊ«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊViÀœÊ`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>✮°
*Àœ˜>Vˆ˜‡-Õ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜\ÊiÃÌiʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊœVÕÀÀiÊ
VÕ>˜`œÊ>ʏ‰˜i>ʵÕiÊ՘iʏ>ÃÊ«Àœ“ˆ˜i˜Vˆ>ÃʝÃi>ÃÊ`iʏ>Ê
“ÕšiV>Ê}ˆÀ>ÊÜLÀiÊiÊiiÊ`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>✰ʘÊiÊ“œ`iœÊ
Vœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>`œ]ÊiÃ̜ÊVœÀÀi뜘`iÀ‰>ÊVœ˜Ê՘>ÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê
`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊÜLÀiÊÃÕÊiiʏœ˜}ˆÌÕ`ˆ˜>Ê­Ài>“i˜ÌiÊ
ˆ“«œÃˆLi®°Ê*>À>ʓi`ˆÀÊiÃÌiÊ?˜}ՏœÊiÃʘiViÃ>ÀˆœÊ>˜ÌiÃÊ
>ˆ˜i>ÀÊiÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊ`iÊÌ>ÊvœÀ“>ʵÕiÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊv£ÊÃi>Ê
«>À>iœÊVœ˜ÊiÊÛiV̜Àʅ£]Ê`iÊiÃÌ>ÊvœÀ“>ÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊ`iÊ
«Àœ˜>Vˆ˜‡ÃÕ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜ÊÃiÀ?ÊiÊvœÀ“>`œÊ«œÀʏœÃÊÛiV̜‡
ÀiÃÊvÎÊÞʅӰ
>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊViÀœÊ`iÊ>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊÀiëiV̜Ê
>Ê…Ö“iÀœÊ…>Vˆi˜`œÊµÕiÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊv£ÊÃi>Ê«>À>iœÊ>Ê
ÛiV̜Àʅ£ÊÞʵÕiÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊ`iÊ«Àœ˜>Vˆ˜‡ÃÕ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê
Ãi>ʘՏœ°
{°{Ê
"6
/"-ÊÊÊ
"
“£
ˆ˜>“i˜ÌiÊÃiÊ`ivˆ˜iÊ՘ÊÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃÊvˆœÊ
i˜Ê>ʓ>˜œÊ­“£]ʓÓ]ʓήʫ>À>Ê`iÃVÀˆLˆÀÊÃÕʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜‡
̜ÊVœ˜ÊÀiëiV̜Ê>Ê>˜ÌiLÀ>âœÊ­ˆ}°Ê™®°Ê˜ÊiÊ“œ`iœÊ
«Àœ«ÕiÃ̜ʏ>ʓ>˜œÊiÃÊ՘Ê܏œÊVÕiÀ«œÊÀ‰}ˆ`œÊÞÊÈÊ
«iÀ`iÀÊ}i˜iÀ>ˆ`>`Ê«œ`À‰>ÊVœ˜Ãˆ`iÀ>ÀÃiÊ>LˆiÀÌ>]Ê`iÊÌ>Ê
vœÀ“>ʵÕiʏ>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜Ê`iʏœÃÊÛiV̜ÀiÃʵÕiÊ`ivˆ˜i˜ÊiÊ
ÈÃÌi“>Ê`iÊVœœÀ`i˜>`>ÃÊiÃʏ>ÊÈ}Ոi˜Ìi\ÊiÊÛiV̜Àʓ£Ê
Û>ÊÜLÀiʏ>Ê«>“>Ê`iʏ>ʓ>˜œÊi˜Ê`ˆÀiVVˆ˜Êœ˜}ˆÌՇ
`ˆ˜>Ê`iʏœÃÊ`i`œÃ]ÊiÊÛiV̜ÀʓÓÊiÃÊ«iÀ«i˜`ˆVՏ>ÀÊ>ʏ>Ê
«>“>Ê`iʏ>ʓ>˜œÊÞÊiÊÛiV̜ÀʓÎrʓ£Ê—Ê“Ó
ÉÊVœ“œÊi˜ÊV>ÜÃÊ>˜ÌiÀˆœÀiÃʏ>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜Ê«Àœ«ÕiÃÌ>Ê
…>ViÊÀiviÀi˜Vˆ>ʏ>Ê`ivˆ˜ˆVˆ˜ÊÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ˜>Ê`iʓœÛˆ‡
“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ«>À>Êv>VˆˆÌ>ÀÊÃÕÊVœ“«Ài˜Ãˆ˜°Ê
i݈˜Ê`iʓ՚iV>\ÊiÃÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊvœÀ“>`œÊ«œÀÊiÊÛiV‡
̜Àʓ£ÊÞÊiÊ«>˜œÊµÕiÊVœ˜Ìˆi˜iÊ>ʏœÃÊÛiV̜ÀiÃÊv£ÊÞÊÊvΰÊÊ
iÃۈ>Vˆ˜ÊÀ>`ˆœ‡VÕLˆÌ>\ÊiÃÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊvœÀ“>`œÊ«œÀÊ
iÊÛiV̜Àʓ£ÊÞÊiÊ«>˜œÊµÕiÊVœ˜Ìˆi˜iÊ>ʏœÃÊÛiV̜ÀiÃÊv£Ê
ÞÊÊvΰÊÊ
-iÊ`ivˆ˜iʏ>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊViÀœÊ`iʏ>ʓ>˜œÊ`iÊÌ>ÊvœÀ“>Ê
µÕiÊiÊÛiV̜Àʓ£ÊÃi>Ê«>À>iœÊ>ÊÛiV̜ÀÊv£ÊÞÊiÊÛiV̜ÀÊ
“ÓÊÃi>Ê«>À>iœÊ>ÊÛiV̜ÀÊvÓ°
ÎÊ*"ÊÊ*
$
ÊÊ""
ʓ>˜iÀ>Ê`iÊii“«œ]ÊÃiÊ`ˆÃišÊ՘ÊiÝ«iÀˆ“i˜ÌœÊ`iÊ
“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœỂ«ˆVœÊ`iÊLÀ>âœÊµÕiÊVœ˜ÃˆÃÌiÊi˜Êʓ>˜ˆ‡
«Õ>ÀÊ՘ʜLi̜ÊÕLˆV>`œÊi˜Ê՘>ʓiÃ>ʭ՘>ÊVœœ“Lˆ‡
˜>®°ÊÊÃՍi̜Ê`iLiÀ?ʏiÛ>ÀÊiÃÌiʜLi̜Ê`iÃ`iʏ>ʓiÃ>Ê
…>Vˆ>ʏ>ÊLœV>ÊÞʏÕi}œÊÀi}ÀiÃ>ÀœÊ>ʏ>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Êˆ˜ˆVˆ>°
Ê“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊÃiÊ}À>LÊÞÊ>˜>ˆâÊi˜ÊiÊ>LœÀ>̜ÀˆœÊ
`iʘ?ˆÃˆÃÊ`iʜۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ˜Ã̈ÌÕ̜Ê`iÊ"À̜«i‡
`ˆ>ʈ˜v>˜ÌˆÊ,œœÃiÛiÌÊÈ}Ոi˜`œÊiÊ«ÀœÌœVœœÊ`iÃVÀˆÌœÊ
i˜ÊiÊ*ÀœÌœVœœÊ`iÊ>˜?ˆÃˆÃÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊi˜ÊœÃÊLÀ>âœÃÊ
«>À>Ê`ˆ>}˜Ã̈VœÊV‰˜ˆVœÊ­6ˆ>L>]ÊÓääή°
>Êvˆ}ÕÀ>Ê£äʈÕÃÌÀ>Ê՘ÊVœ˜Õ˜ÌœÊ`iÊ}À?vˆV>ÃÊÀiÃՏÌ>`œÊ
œÀ}>˜ˆâ>`>ÃÊ`iʏ>ÊÈ}Ոi˜ÌiÊvœÀ“>\
Ê*Àˆ“iÀÊ,i˜}˜]Ê
>ۉVՏ>\
%À?vˆV>Ê£\ʏiÛ>Vˆ˜­³®ÊqÊiÃVi˜ÃœÊ­‡®°
%À?vˆV>ÊÓ\Ê,œÌ>Vˆ˜]Ê`i>˜Ìi­³®ÊqÊÌÀ?퇮°
-i}՘`œÊ,i˜}˜]ʜ“LÀœ\
%À?vˆV>Ê£\ʏi݈˜­³®qÊÝÌi˜Ãˆ˜­‡®°
%À?vˆV>ÊÓ\ÊL`ÕVVˆ˜­³®ÊqÊ`ÕVVˆ˜­‡®°
%À?vˆV>ÊÎ\Ê,œÌ>Vˆ˜ÊÝÌiÀ˜>­³®ÊqʘÌiÀ˜>­‡®°
/iÀViÀÊ,i˜}˜]Ê
œ`œ\
%À?vˆV>Ê£\ʏi݈˜­³®ÊqÊÝÌi˜Ãˆ˜­‡®°
%À?vˆV>ÊÓ\Ê*Àœ˜>Vˆ˜­³®ÊqÊ-Õ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜Ê­‡®Ê­˜ÌiLÀ>‡
✮°
Õ>À̜Ê,i˜}˜]Ê՚iV>\
°Ê™°ÊÊ--/Ê"
ÊÊÊ
"
%À?vˆV>Ê£\Êi݈˜­³®ÊqÊÝÌi˜Ãˆ˜­‡®°
%À?vˆV>ÊÓ\ÊiÃۈ>Vˆ˜Ê,>`ˆ>­³®ÊqÊ
ÕLˆÌ>­‡®°
›
ÓÓÊÊÀiۈÃÌ>Ê`iʈ˜}i˜ˆiÀ‰>
˜ÊiÊÀi«œÀÌiʏ>Ê`iÃۈ>Vˆ˜ÊÀ>`ˆœÊVÕLˆÌ>ÊÃiʓÕiÃÌÀ>Ê
µÕiÊ>ʓi`ˆ`>ʵÕiÊiÊVœ`œÊiÃÊvi݈œ˜>`œÊ>ʓ՚iV>ÊÃiÊ
}ˆÀ>ʅ>Vˆ>ÊiÊVÖLˆÌœÊÞÊۈViÛiÀÃ>ÆÊiÃ̜ÊÃiÊ`iLiÊ՘>ÊÛiâÊ
“?ÃÊ>ʵÕiÊÃiʈ˜Ìi˜Ì>ʓ>˜Ìi˜iÀʏ>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊÛiÀ̈V>Ê
`iÊœLi̜Ê`ÕÀ>˜ÌiÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜Ìœ°
*œÀÊ֏̈“œÊi˜Ê>ÃÊ}À?vˆV>ÃÊÌ>“Lˆj˜ÊÃiÊ«Õi`iÊÛiÀʵÕiÊ
iÊ«>Vˆi˜ÌiʘœÊÌÕۜÊiÊœLi̜Ê՘ʏ>À}œÊ«iÀˆœ`œÊi˜Ê>Ê
LœV>]Ê`iʏœÊVœ˜ÌÀ>ÀˆœÊ>ÃÊ}À>vˆV>Ã]ÊiëiVˆ>“i˜Ìiʏ>Ê`iÊ
vi݈˜Ê`iÊVœ`œÊ“œÃÌÀ>À‰>˜Ê՘>ʓiÃiÌ>°
{Ê
"
ˆ}°Ê£ä°ÊÊÀ?vˆV>ÃÊÀiÃՏÌ>`œÊ`iÊiÝ«iÀˆ“i˜Ìœ
>ÃÊ}À?vˆV>ÃÊ>˜ÌiÀˆœÀiÃÊ̈i˜i˜Êi˜ÊÃÕÊiiʅœÀˆâœ˜Ì>ÊiÊ
«œÀVi˜Ì>iÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÆÊiÃÊ`iVˆÀ]ʈ˜ˆVˆœÊ­äʯ®Ê>Êvˆ˜Ê
­£ä䯮Ê`iÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ“i`ˆ`œÊÞÊi˜ÊiÊiiÊÛiÀ̈V>Ê
ÃiÊ«ÀiÃi˜Ì>ÊiÊ?˜}ՏœÊi˜Ê}À>`œÃ°
˜ÊiÃÌiÊÀi«œÀÌiÊÃiÊ«Õi`i˜ÊœLÃiÀÛ>ÀÊÛ>ÀˆœÃÊii“i˜ÌœÃ°Ê
˜Ê«Àˆ“iÀʏÕ}>À]ʏ>Êvi݈˜Ê`iÊVœ`œÊiÃʏ>ÊÛ>Àˆ>LiÊ
µÕiÊi݅ˆLiÊ՘ÊÀ>˜}œÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ“?ÃÊ>“«ˆœ\ÊVœ‡
“ˆi˜â>ÊV>ÈÊi˜Ê՘>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê˜iÕÌÀ>]Ê«Àœ}ÀiÈÛ>“i˜ÌiÊ
Û>ʅ>Vˆ>Êvi݈˜ÊVÕ>˜`œÊiÛ>ÊiÊœLi̜ʅ>Vˆ>ʏ>ÊLœV>Ê
ÞÊÀi}ÀiÃ>Ê>Ê՘>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Êˆ}iÀ>“i˜Ìiʓ?ÃÊiÝÌi˜`ˆ`>Ê
µÕiʏ>ʵÕiÊÌi˜‰>Ê>Êi“«iâ>ÀÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜Ìœ°ÊÊ
˜Ê>Ê}À?vˆV>Ê`iÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê`iʅœ“LÀœÊÃiÊ«Õi`iÊ
œLÃiÀÛ>ÀʵÕiÊVœ“ˆi˜â>ʏˆ}iÀ>“i˜ÌiÊi˜ÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê
ˆ˜ÌiÀ˜>ÊÞÊ`ÕÀ>˜ÌiÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊÛ>ÊiۜÕVˆœ˜>˜`œÊ
…>ÃÌ>ÊVœ˜vˆ}ÕÀ>ÀÃiÊi˜Ê՘>ʏiÛiÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜ÊiÝÌiÀ˜>°Ê>ÃÊ
}À>vˆV>ÃÊ`iÊvi݈˜ÊÞÊ>L`ÕVVˆ˜Ê`iÊ…œ“LÀœÊ“ÕiÃÌÀ>˜Ê
՘>Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜ÊVœ˜ÃÌ>˜Ìi]ʏœÊVÕ>Êˆ˜`ˆV>ʵÕiÊiÊÃՍi̜Ê
̜“ÊiÊœLi̜ÊVÕ>˜`œÊiÃÌiÊÃiÊi˜Vœ˜ÌÀ>L>ÊViÀV>Ê`iÊ
«>˜œÊ“i`ˆœÊ`iÊVÕiÀ«œÊÞÊ`ÕÀ>˜ÌiÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
œÊ>iÊ«Àœ}ÀiÈÛ>“i˜Ìi°ÊÊÃ̜ÊiÃÊVœ…iÀi˜ÌiÊVœ˜Ê>Ê
}À?vˆV>Ê`iÊ«Àœ˜œ‡ÃÕ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜ÊµÕiʓÕiÃÌÀ>ʵÕiÊ̜“>ÊiÊ
œLi̜Êi˜Ê˜iÕÌÀœÊÞÊ>Û>˜â>ʅ>Vˆ>ÊÃÕ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜]ÊÃiÊ«Õi`iÊ
œLÃiÀÛ>ÀʵÕi]Ê«>À>ʓ>˜Ìi˜iÀÊiÊœLi̜Êi˜Ê«œÃˆVˆ˜Ê
ÛiÀ̈V>]ʏ>ÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ…œ“LÀœÊ…>Vˆ>ÊiÝÌiÀ˜œÊ`iLiÊ
ÃiÀÊVœ“«i˜Ã>`>ÊVœ˜Ê«Àœ˜>Vˆ˜ÊÞÊÈʏ>ÊÀœÌ>Vˆ˜Ê`iÊ
…œ“LÀœÊiÃʈ˜ÌiÀ˜>ʏ>ÊVœ“«i˜Ã>Vˆ˜ÊÃiʅ>Viʓi`ˆ>˜ÌiÊ
ÃÕ«ˆ˜>Vˆ˜°
1-"
-
˜ÊiÃÌiÊÌÀ>L>œÊÃiʅ>Ê«ÀiÃi˜Ì>`œÊ՘>Ê«Àœ«ÕiÃÌ>Ê`iÊ
Ài«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏ>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃՇ
«iÀˆœÀ°Ê>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜Ê«Àœ«ÕiÃÌ>Êv>VˆˆÌ>ÊiëiVˆ>‡
“i˜Ìiʏ>ʈ˜ÌiÀ«ÀiÌ>Vˆ˜Ê}À?vˆV>Ê`iʏœÃʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÃÊ
ÌÀˆ`ˆ“i˜Ãˆœ˜>iÃÊ`iʏ>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀ°Ê
1̈ˆâ>˜`œÊ՘ʓœ`iœÊLˆœ“iV?˜ˆVœÊÃi˜VˆœÊÃiʅ>˜Ê
ˆÕÃÌÀ>`œÊ>ÃÊ`ivˆVˆi˜Vˆ>ÃʵÕiÊ̈i˜iʏ>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜Ê
ÌÀ>`ˆVˆœ˜>Ê`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iʏ>ÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`ÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀ°Ê
-iʅ>ʓœÃÌÀ>`œÊ>ÊLœ˜`>`Ê`iʏ>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜Ê
«Àœ«ÕiÃÌ>Ê«>À>ÊiÊ>˜?ˆÃˆÃÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊiÝÌÀi‡
“ˆ`>`iÃÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀiÃ]Ê«ÕiÃÊ«iÀ“ˆÌiÊ`iÃVÀˆLˆÀÊ`iÊvœÀ“>Ê
ÀœLÕÃÌ>ÊÞÊ՘‰ÛœV>ÊiÊ“œÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊÀi>ˆâ>`œÊ«œÀÊiÊ
ÃՍi̜°
>ÊÀi«ÀiÃi˜Ì>Vˆ˜ÊÃiʅ>ʈ˜VÕˆ`œÊ`i˜ÌÀœÊ`iÊ՘>ʅi‡
ÀÀ>“ˆi˜Ì>Ê«>À>Ê>˜?ˆÃˆÃÊVÕ>˜ÌˆÌ>̈ۜÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ
`iÊiÝÌÀi“ˆ`>`iÃÊÃÕ«iÀˆœÀiÃÊ­-V…“ˆ`Ì]ʈÃÃi…œÀÃÌ]Ê
-ˆ˜ÞÊÞÊ,>Õ]ÊÓääή]ʵÕiÊÃiʅ>ʈ“«>˜Ì>`œÊVœ“œÊ
“j̜`œÊ`ˆ>}˜Ã̈VœÊi˜ÊiÊ>LœÀ>̜ÀˆœÊ`iʘ?ˆÃˆÃÊ
`iʜۈ“ˆi˜ÌœÊ`iÊ˜Ã̈ÌÕ̜Ê`iÊ"À̜«i`ˆ>ʘv>˜ÌˆÊ
,œœÃiÛiÌ°
xÊ",
>ÀՅʰʣ™™™°Ê
!NALYTICAL$YNAMICS
7
ÊVÊÀ>Üʈ°
ˆ}}Ê°]ÊiÀâœ}Ê7°Ê£™™n°
"IOMECHANICSOFTHE-USCULOSKELETAL3YSTEM
-iVœ˜`Ê`ˆÌˆœ˜]Ê7ˆiÞ°
+Ո˜ÌiÀœÊ°ÊÓääΰ
#ÉLCULODEFUERZASPRODUCIDASDURANTEEL
MOVIMIENTODEUNAEXTREMIDADHUMANA
/iÈÃÊ`iÊ>iÃÌÀ‰>Êi˜Ê˜}i˜ˆiÀ‰>ÊiV?˜ˆV>°Ê1˜ˆÛiÀÈ`>`Ê
`iʜÃʘ`iÃ]ʜ}œÌ?]Ê
œœ“Lˆ>°
,>LÊ°]Ê*iÌÕÎiÞ]Ê°]Ê>}iÞÊ°]ÊÓääÓ°Ê
ºiÌiÀ“ˆ˜>̈œ˜Êœvʎˆ˜i“>̈VÃʜvÊ̅iÊÕ««iÀÊiÝÌÀi“ˆÌÞ»°Ê
>ˆÌÊ>˜`Ê*œÃÌÕÀi]Ê6œÕ“iÊ£x]Ê Õ“LiÀÊÓ]Ê««°Ê££Î‡
££™­Ç®
,>ÕÊ°]ʈÃÃi…œÀÃ̇Õ}Ê,°]Ê-V…“ˆ`ÌÊ,°°ÊÓäää°Ê
ºœÛi“i˜ÌÊLˆœ“iV…>˜ˆVÃÊ}œiÃÊÕ«Ü>À`Ã\ÊvÀœ“Ê̅iʏi}Ê̜Ê̅iÊ
>À“»°Ê
œÕÀ˜>Êœvʈœ“iV…>˜ˆVÃ]ÊÎέ£ä®]Ê««°£ÓäÇÊqʣӣȰ
,œ`À‰}ÕiâÊ
°°]Ê+Ո˜ÌiÀœÊ°]ʜÌiÀœÊ°
°ÊÓääΰ
iÀÀ>“ˆi˜Ì>ÊVÕ>˜ÌˆÌ>̈Û>Ê«>À>ÊiÛ>Õ>Vˆ˜Ê`iʏ>Êv՘Vˆœ˜>ˆ`>`Ê
`iÊLÀ>✰Ê
ʜÀ˜>`>ÃÊ
9/ÊÜLÀiÊ/iV˜œœ}‰>ÃÊ`iÊ«œÞœÊ>ʏ>Ê
ˆÃV>«>Vˆ`>`]Ê >Ì>]ÊÀ>ȏ°
-V…“ˆ`ÌÊ,°]ʈÃÃi…œÀÃ̇Õ˜}Ê
°]Ê-ˆ˜ÞÊ°]Ê,>ÕÊ°]Ê
£™™™°
ºÊ“>ÀŽiÀ‡L>Ãi`ʓi>ÃÕÀi“i˜ÌÊ«ÀœVi`ÕÀiÊvœÀÊ՘Vœ˜ÃÌÀ>ˆ˜i`Ê
ÜÀˆÃÌÊ>˜`ÊiLœÜʓœÌˆœ˜Ã»°
œÕÀ˜>Êœvʈœ“iV…>˜ˆVÃ]ÊÎÓ\ÈÊ]Ê««°ÊÈ£x‡ÈÓ£°
/œâiÀi˜Ê°ÊÓäää°
Փ>˜ÊLœ`ÞʓiV…>˜ˆVÃ\Ê
>ÃÈV>Ê“iV…>˜ˆVÃÊ>˜`ʅՓ>˜Ê
“œÛi“i˜Ì°Ê
-«Àˆ˜}iÀq6iÀ>}]Ê °9]Ê1°-°°
6ˆ>L>Ê°ÊÓääΰ
*ÀœÌœVœœÊ`iÊ>˜?ˆÃˆÃÊ`iʓœÛˆ“ˆi˜ÌœÊi˜ÊœÃÊLÀ>âœÃÊ«>À>Ê`ˆ>}˜Ã̈VœÊ
V‰˜ˆVœ°Ê
*ÀœÞiV̜Ê`iÊ}À>`œÊi˜Ê˜}i˜ˆiÀ‰>ÊiV?˜ˆV>°Ê1˜ˆÛiÀÈ`>`Ê
`iʏœÃʘ`iÃ]ʜ}œÌ?]Ê
œœ“Lˆ>°
Descargar