transformaciones urbanísticas y territoriales en la costa del sol oriental
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URBANISMO EXPANSIVO
DE LA UTOPÍA A LA REALIDAD
XXII CONGRESO DE GEÓGRAFOS ESPAÑOLES
UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE, 2011
URBANISMO EXPANSIVO
DE LA UTOPÍA A LA REALIDAD
XXII CONGRESO DE GEÓGRAFOS ESPAÑOLES
UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE, 2011
EDITORES
VICENTE GOZÁLVEZ PÉREZ
JUAN ANTONIO MARCO MOLINA
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COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO EVALUADOR:
Javier MARTÍN VIDE, Presidente de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles.
Antonio PRIETO CERDÁN, Presidente del Colegio de Geógrafos.
Rafael MATA OLMO, Catedrático de Análisis
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de Madrid.
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Antonio MARTÍNEZ PUCHE, Universidad de Alicante.
Rosario NAVALÓN GARCÍA, Universidad de Alicante.
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Salvador PALAZÓN FERRANDO, Universidad de
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COMITÉ ORGANIZADOR
José Antonio LARROSA ROCAMORA
Antonio MARTÍNEZ PUCHE
Rosario NAVALÓN GARCÍA
Jorge OLCINA CANTOS
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Salvador PALAZÓN FERRANDO
Antonio PRIETO CERDÁN
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SREODFLyQGHKDELWDQWHVHQHODxR\XQDGHQVLGDGGHPRJUi¿FDGH
KDENP (O PXQLFLSLR GH PD\RU H[WHQVLyQ \ SREODFLyQ HV 9pOH]0iODJD
FRQPiVGHKDELWDQWHV
2. LOS FACTORES DE URBANIZACIÓN
/D&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDOKDH[SHULPHQWDGRHQORV~OWLPRVGHFHQLRVXQDJUDQ
H[SDQVLyQ XUEDQtVWLFD FRQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VLPLODUHV D OR DFRQWHFLGR HQ RWURV HVSDFLRVFRVWHURVGHO0HGLWHUUiQHRHVSDxROLQFOXLGDOD&RVWDGHO6RO2FFLGHQWDO
DXQTXHFRQPDWLFHV\HOHPHQWRVTXHSURSRUFLRQDQXQDFLHUWDVLQJXODULGDGDHVWH
territorio.
(QHOSURFHVRGHXUEDQL]DFLyQGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDOVHSXHGHQGHVWDFDU
WUHVIDFWRUHVHFRQyPLFRWHUULWRULDOHVSULQFLSDOHV
²/DXUEDQL]DFLyQOLJDGDDODORMDPLHQWRWXUtVWLFR\DOWXULVPRUHVLGHQFLDOHQ
la costa.
²/DGHPDQGDGHYLYLHQGDSRUSDUWHGHOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQDGH0iODJD
²/DXUEDQL]DFLyQGLIXVDGHODUHVLGHQFLDVHFXQGDULDHQHOVXHORQRXUEDQL]DEOH
2.1. La urbanización turística
/DRIHUWDGHDORMDPLHQWRWXUtVWLFRHQOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDOVHFDUDFWHUL]D
SRUSRVHHUXQDFDOLGDGPHGLDDXQTXHKD\DPHMRUDGRHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV\SRU
HO IXHUWH SHVR GH OD YLYLHQGD WXUtVWLFD RIHUWD QR UHJODGD (Q HO OD RIHUWD
UHJODGDGHDORMDPLHQWRWXUtVWLFRHUDGH SOD]DVGHODVFXDOHVHUDQKRWHOHUDVHVWHFRQMXQWRGHSOD]DVKDFUHFLGRXQHQWUH\XQ
DQXDO/DRIHUWDGHDORMDPLHQWRVHFRPSOHWDFRQODVSOD]DVWXUtVWLFDVQR
UHJODGDVTXHVHKDQHVWLPDGRSDUDHODxR3RUWDQWRODRIHUWDGHSOD]DVGH
KRVSHGDMHWXUtVWLFRHQOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDODOFDQ]DEDXQWRWDOGHHQ
YLG&XDGUR\
CUADRO 1. Plazas de alojamiento turístico reglado. Costa del Sol Oriental
2009
Apartam.
Hoteles
HotelApartam.
Pensiones
Establ.
Rural
AlgarrRER
Nerja
Rincón de
la Victoria
Torrox
1.962
Vélez
2.605
TOTAL
5.684
5.112
562
1.009
41
4.579
16.987
Campam.
Total
140
6.659
1.042
Densidad plaza alojamiento turístico reglado/km2 (Costa Sol
Oriental)
51,27 plaza/Km2
Densidad plaza alojamiento turístico reglado/km2 (Costa Sol
Occidental)
169,60 plaza/Km2
Densidad plaza alojamiento turístico reglado/km2 (Provincia
de Málaga)
20,61 plaza/Km2
)XHQWH6,0$(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
CUADRO 2. Oferta de alojamiento potencialmente turística
1981
2001
2009 *
Viviendas potencialmente
turísticas
Plazas de
alojamiento no
reglado
Viviendas potencialmente
turísticas
Plazas de
alojamiento no
reglado
Viviendas potencialmente
turísticas
Plazas de
alojamiento no
reglado
Algarrobo
Rincón de la
Victoria
Nerja
Torrox
Vélez-Málaga
Total
29.223
102.281
45.622
159.677
67.119
234.917
MUNICIPIOS
)XHQWH,1(&HQVRVGH3REODFLyQ\9LYLHQGD&ROHJLRGH$UTXLWHFWRVGH0iODJD
(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
(VWLPDFLyQ WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD ODV YLYLHQGDV YLVDGDV HQWUH \ WRPDGR ODV PLVPDV
SURSRUFLRQHVGHYLYLHQGDSRWHQFLDOPHQWHWXUtVWLFDYLYLHQGDVHFXQGDULDGHVRFXSDGDGHO&HQVR
GH/DVSOD]DVVHFDOFXODQPXOWLSOLFDQGRODYLYLHQGDWXUtVWLFDSRU
+D\ TXH GHVWDFDU TXH OD RIHUWD GH PiV FDOLGDG GH OD &RVWD GHO 6RO 2ULHQWDO
KD DXPHQWDGR GH IRUPD VLJQL¿FDWLYD HQ HVSHFLDO ODRIHUWD GH KRWHOHV GH FXDWUR
HVWUHOODVTXHKDSDVDGRGHSOD]DVHQDHQHOORTXHVXSRQH
XQLQFUHPHQWRGHOPLHQWUDVFUHFHGHIRUPDPiVVXDYHODRIHUWDKRWHOHUD GH WUHV HVWUHOODV H LQFOXVR GLVPLQX\HQ ORV KRWHOHV GH GRV HVWUHOODV (VWH HV
XQIHQyPHQRFRP~QDWRGRHO0HGLWHUUiQHRDQGDOX]\SUREDEOHPHQWHH[WHQVLEOH
DO UHVWR GHO 0HGLWHUUiQHR HVSDxRO 9HUD \ %DxRV 3DUHFH UHODFLRQDUVH OD
LQWHQVLGDGGHHVWHSURFHVRFRQODPDGXUH]GHOHVSDFLRWXUtVWLFR
/DGHQVLGDGGHDORMDPLHQWRVWXUtVWLFRVUHJODGRVHUDGHSOD]DVNP en el
FLIUD TXH KD DXPHQWDGR KDVWD ODV SOD]DVNP HQ (Q JHQHUDO
ODGHQVLGDGGHDORMDPLHQWRVHVWiDOJRSRUHQFLPDGHODPHGLDSURYLQFLDO
SOD]DVNP\EDVWDQWHSRUGHEDMRGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO2FFLGHQWDOSOD]DV
NP
3RURWURODGRODRIHUWDGHDORMDPLHQWRQRUHJODGRKDFUHFLGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH\QRVLHPSUHFRQXQRVSDUiPHWURVDGHFXDGRV(QVHKDEtDUHJLVWUDGRXQ
LQFUHPHQWRGHHQWRUQRDXQGHODVSOD]DVGHYLYLHQGDWXUtVWLFDFRQUHVSHFWR
DORTXHGDFXHQWDGHODLQWHQVLGDGGHOSURFHVR(VWHDXPHQWRHQHOQ~PHURGHSOD]DVGHDORMDPLHQWRQRUHJODGRHVWiUHODFLRQDGRFRQHOGHVDUUROORGHOD
YLYLHQGD WXUtVWLFD \ OD H[SDQVLyQ GHO SURFHVR XUEDQL]DGRU HQ OD &RVWD 2ULHQWDO
/DGHPDQGDGHVHJXQGDYLYLHQGDWXUtVWLFDHVXQKHFKRFRP~QDEXHQDSDUWHGHO
0HGLWHUUiQHRHVSDxROTXHKDWHQLGRXQDHQRUPHH[SDQVLyQHQORV~OWLPRVGHFHQLRV$OPHLGD1LHWR6HUUDQR*LOL(VWHIHQyPHQRKD
VLGRSDUWHGHODJUDQEXUEXMDLQPRELOLDULDTXHKDDIHFWDGRDODHFRQRPtDHVSDxROD
1DUHGR
2.2. La demanda de vivienda metropolitana
5HODFLRQDGRFRQHODQWHULRUKHFKRKD\TXHVHxDODUTXHXQDSDUWHLPSRUWDQWH
GHODRIHUWDGHYLYLHQGDGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDOVHKDGLULJLGRDODFLXGDG
GH0iODJD\DOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQD(OHOHYDGRFRVWHGHODYLYLHQGDHQODFLXGDG
GH0iODJDKDSURYRFDGRODH[SXOVLyQGHXQQ~PHURFRQVLGHUDEOHGHKDELWDQWHV
TXHVHKDQXELFDGRHQOD]RQDPiVRFFLGHQWDOGHOD&RVWD2ULHQWDOYLG&XDGUR
1R KD\ TXH ROYLGDU TXH OD &RVWD GHO 6RO 2ULHQWDO WDPELpQ IRUPD SDUWH GHO
HVSDFLR PHWURSROLWDQR$Vt SXHV OD RIHUWD LQPRELOLDULD GHO iUHD GH HVWXGLR KD
VLGRXWLOL]DGDSRUHOUHVLGHQWHPHWURSROLWDQRWDQWRFRPRYLYLHQGDWXUtVWLFDFRPR
SULPHUDUHVLGHQFLD3UXHEDGHHOORHVTXHVHJ~QORVGDWRVGHORV~OWLPRVFHQVRV
GHSREODFLyQGLVSRQLEOHVHQWUH\FDVLHOGHLQPLJUDQWHVUHFLELGRVHQOD]RQDSURFHGtDQGHODFLXGDGGH0iODJDYLG&XDGUR(VWDFLIUDVH
LQFUHPHQWDHQORVPXQLFLSLRVPiVFHUFDQRVD0iODJDHQ5LQFyQ\
HQ9pOH](QHOFDVRGH5LQFyQGHOD9LFWRULDpVWHVHKDFRQYHUWLGRFODUDPHQWH
HQXQHVSDFLRPHWURSROLWDQR\UHVLGHQFLDOGHODFLXGDGGH0iODJDTXHHQHODxR
\D HQJOREDED FODUDPHQWH D EXHQD SDUWH GH 9pOH]0iODJD (VWD WHQGHQFLD
VHKDLGRFRQVROLGDQGRHQHVWRV~OWLPRVDxRVGHWDOIRUPDTXH9pOH]VHKD
GLULJLGR XQD SDUWH FRQVLGHUDEOH GH OD VX RIHUWD LQPRELOLDULD KDFLD OD FLXGDG GH
0iODJD/RVRWURVWUHVPXQLFLSLRVPXHVWUDQXQDPHQRULQÀXHQFLDGH0iODJDGH
KHFKRWDQWRHQ7RUUR[FRPRHQ1HUMDHOFROHFWLYRLQPLJUDQWHSULQFLSDOHVHOGH
H[WUDQMHURV TXH DOFDQ]D FDVL HO HQ7RUUR[ \ HV XQD PH]FOD GH LQPLJUDQWH
FOLPiWLFR\ODERUDO
CUADRO 3. Precio medio del metro cuadro de vivienda
1991
1993
1995
1997
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
$OJDUURER
Nerja
Rincón
Torrox
9pOH]0iODJD
Costa Sol Oriental
0iODJD&LXGDG
0DUEHOOD
)XHQWHV3UHFLRPHGLRGHOPGHODVYLYLHQGDV0LQLVWHULRGH)RPHQWR\$QiOLVLVGH0HUFDGR6RFLHGDGGH7DVDFLyQ6$1RWD3UHFLRPHGLRGHYLYLHQGDQXHYD\XVDGD
CUADRO 4. Cambios de residencia entre 1991 y 2001. (% sobre total de migrantes)
Anterior residencia
Algarrobo
Nerja
Rincón
Torrox
Vélez
Costa del
Sol Oriental
En Málaga
(QRWURVPXQLFLSLRVGH
ODPLVPD3URYLQFLD
En distinta provincia de
ODPLVPD&$
(QRWUD&RPXQLGDG
$XWyQRPD&$
Residía en el extranjero
(VWXGLRVXQLYHUVLWDULRV
)XHQWH&HQVRGH3REODFLyQ,1(\HODERUDFLyQSURSLD
/RVHPLJUDQWHVSURFHGHQWHVGH0iODJDTXHVHKDGLULJLGRKDFLD5LQFyQ\9pOH]VRQHQVXPD\RUtDSDUHMDVMyYHQHVFRQRVLQKLMRV\FRQXQQLYHOIRUPDWLYR
HOHYDGR(QHOFDVRGH5LQFyQHOGHLQPLJUDQWHVWHQtDQIRUPDFLyQXQLYHUVLWDULD HQ9pOH] &RPR HQ OD PD\RU SDUWH GH ODV iUHDV PHWURSROLWDQDV
OD FLXGDG FHQWUDO KD H[SXOVDGR D XQD SDUWH GH OD SREODFLyQ MRYHQ \ GH OD FODVH
PHGLD TXH QR WLHQH SRVLELOLGDG GH DGTXLULU YLYLHQGD HQ ORV HVSDFLRV HQ ORV TXH
KDQYLYLGRVXVSDGUHVRDTXHOORVFRQIRUPHDVXHVWDWXVVRFLDO/D&RVWDGHO6RO
2ULHQWDOTXHOOHYDEDVWDQWHWLHPSRSURGXFLHQGRYLYLHQGDGHVHJXQGDUHVLGHQFLD
KD YLVWR HQ HVWD GHPDQGD XQD RSRUWXQLGDG \ KD UHFRQGXFLGR OD RIHUWD KDFLD OD
FLXGDG GH 0iODJD (O JUDQ FUHFLPLHQWR LQPRELOLDULR KD HVWDGR DSR\DGR HQ ODV
JUDQGHV FDQWLGDGHV GH VXHOR FODVL¿FDGR SRU ORV SODQHV JHQHUDOHV GH RUGHQDFLyQ
XUEDQD\HOLQFUHPHQWRGHORVHVWiQGDUHVGHHGL¿FDELOLGDGGHWDOIRUPDTXHHQORV
SODQHVXUEDQRVVHSUHYpQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHPiVGHYLYLHQGDV$OPHLGD
&RPRHVWDSUHYLVLyQVXSHUDDPSOLDPHQWHODGHPDQGDORFDOHVWiFODURTXH
OD YLYLHQGD HVWLPDGD HVWi GHVWLQDGD D OD VHJXQGD UHVLGHQFLD \ D OD GHPDQGD GH
YLYLHQGDPHWURSROLWDQD
CUADRO 5. Evolución de la construcción de vivienda
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
$OJDUURER
Nerja
Rincón
Torrox
9pOH]
C. Oriental
Prov. Málaga
)XHQWH&ROHJLRGH$UTXLWHFWRVGH0iODJD\'*GH$UTXLWHFWXUD-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtD
3. LA URBANIZACIÓN DIFUSA
(QHOFDVRGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO\OD$[DUTXtDFRPDUFDFRQWLJXDHVWHIHQyPHQRKDDOFDQ]DGRXQGHVDUUROORH[WUDRUGLQDULRKDELpQGRVHFRQYHUWLGRHQXQRGH
ORVSULQFLSDOHVSUREOHPDVTXHDIHFWDQDOWHUULWRULR/DLQWHUDFFLyQGHGLYHUVRVIHQyPHQRVVRFLRHFRQyPLFRV\DPELHQWDOHVKDFRQYHUJLGRHQHVWHHVSDFLRSDUDGDU
OXJDU D XQ IHQyPHQR GH SULPHUD PDJQLWXG )XQGDPHQWDOPHQWH HO FLWDGR KHFKR
VXUJHGHODFRPELQDFLyQGHODLQÀXHQFLDGHOWXULVPRODGHFDGHQFLDHFRQyPLFDGH
ODDJULFXOWXUDODIDOWDGHXQGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFRDGHFXDGRHOSDUFHODULRDWRPL]DGRODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQSREODPLHQWRWUDGLFLRQDOGLVSHUVRORVLQWHUHVHVSROtWLFRV
\VRFLDOHVORFDOHVTXHKDQDOHQWDGRHOIHQyPHQRFRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQODVWUDPDV
FRUUXSWDVTXHKDQVXUJLGR
(O LPSRUWDQWH OHJDGR FXOWXUDO H LQPRELOLDULR JHQHUDGR GXUDQWH VLJORV GH H[SORWDFLyQDJUtFRODIXHODEDVHGHOSULPHUFLFORGHLQYHUVRUHVWXULVWDVFOLPiWLFRV
(QWUH ORV DxRV \ FRPHQ]DURQ D DSDUHFHU XQ EXHQ Q~PHUR GH H[WUDQMHURV
GHHOHYDGRSRGHUHFRQyPLFRTXHVHVLHQWHDWUDtGRVSRUHOFOLPD\HOSDLVDMH(Q
ORVDxRVGHOVLJOR;;VHLQFUHPHQWDODGHPDQGDGHODYLYLHQGDHQHOHVSDFLR
UXUDO$O FRPSUDGRU H[WUDQMHUR VH XQH HO ORFDO (O SULPHUR VyOR SUHWHQGH WHQHU
XQDUHVLGHQFLDSDUDHORFLRHVXQWXULVWDFOLPiWLFRSXURDXQTXHSXHGHWHQHUXQ
FLHUWRDSUHFLRSRUHOYDORUSDWULPRQLDOGHODYLYLHQGD(OFRPSUDGRUORFDOGHVHD
XQDVHJXQGDUHVLGHQFLDHQPXFKRVFDVRVODTXLHUHSDUDWHQHUXQFRQWDFWRFRQOD
QDWXUDOH]D HQ HVSHFLDO FRQ OD DJULFXOWXUD (VWR GDUi SDVR D OD FRPSUDYHQWD GH
FDVDVHQHOHVSDFLRUXUDO'HVGHORVDxRVKDVWDHOVHSURGXFLUiODJUDQ
H[SORVLyQ XUEDQD HQ WRGD OD$[DUTXtD WDQWR HQ OD PRQWDxD FRPR HQ ORV OODQRV
agrícolas.
CUADRO 6. Viviendas en suelo rústico
1983
2007
(1983-07) (%)
$OJDUURER
Nerja
Rincón Victoria
Torrox
9pOH]0iODJD
Costa Sol Oriental
2.922
7.211
146,78
$[DUTXtD
8.128
22.134
172,32
)XHQWH<XV\7RUUHV
(OFUHFLPLHQWRGHODDFWLYLGDGXUEDQL]DGRUDHQHOVXHORQRXUEDQL]DEOHKDVLGR
LQWHQVRHQOD&RVWDGHO6RO2ULHQWDODSHVDUGHODDPSOLDRIHUWDGHVXHORXUEDQR
\XUEDQL]DEOH\DSHVDUGHOLQFUHPHQWRGHOSUHFLRGHVXHORU~VWLFRTXHGHWRGRV
PRGRVHVPiVEDUDWRTXHHOVXHORHQHOHVSDFLRXUEDQR$XQTXHHOIHQyPHQRHV
DOJR PHQRU TXH HQ OD$[DUTXtD VH REVHUYD FRPR DOJXQRV PXQLFLSLRV FRVWHURV
5LQFyQGHOD9LFWRULDR7RUUR[KDQWHQLGRXQDH[SORVLyQGHXUEDQL]DFLyQGLIXVD
WDQSRWHQWHFRPRHQHOHSLFHQWURGHOIHQyPHQRHQODFRPDUFDGHOD$[DUTXtD$OFDXFtQLQFUHPHQWRGHHQWUH\ROD9LxXHODXQSDUDHO
PLVPRSHULRGRYLG&XDGUR/DDJULFXOWXUD\ODSHVFDWUDGLFLRQDOHVVXVWHQWRV
GHODHFRQRPtDGHOD]RQDHQWUDURQHQXQDGHFDGHQFLDVLJQL¿FDWLYDDSDUWLUGHORV
DxRVTXHVHDJUDYyFRQD¿QHVGHORVFRQODHQWUDGDGH(VSDxDHQOD&((
/RV FRQGLFLRQDQWHV DPELHQWDOHV KLFLHURQ HYLGHQWH TXH OD DJULFXOWXUD GH VHFDQR
HQPRQWDxDHUDSRFRFRPSHWLWLYD'HHVWDIRUPDD¿QHVGHORVHODPSOLR\
GLVSHUVRSDUFHODULRGHVHFDQRVHHQFDPLQyKDFLDODDFWLYLGDGLQPRELOLDULD(VWH
KHFKRVHREVHUYDFODUDPHQWHHQHOIXHUWHFUHFLPLHQWRGHODVLQPRELOLDULDVTXHVH
SUHVHQWDURQWHPSUDQDPHQWHFRPRXQDGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDV
CUADRO 7. Establecimientos inmobiliarios
1999
2008
(1999-08)(%)
$OJDUURER
Nerja
Rincón Victoria
Torrox
9pOH]0iODJD
Costa Sol Oriental
440
2.675
507,95
$[DUTXtD
467
3.067
556,75
)XHQWH<XV\7RUUHV
/DLQWHQVDDFWLYLGDGLQPRELOLDULDTXHVHKDH[WHQGLGRSRUHOVXHORQRXUEDQL]DEOH618GHOD&RVWD\GHOD$[DUTXtDKDVXSXHVWRODFUHDFLyQGHXQDPDQFKDXUEDQDGLIXVDGHKDV<XVTXHHQFDQWLGDGQRHVFRPSDUDEOH
D OD DFWLYLGDG XUEDQL]DGRUDGH OD &RVWD TXH KD FRQVXPLGR PXFKRV PLOORQHVGH
PHWURVFXDGUDGRVSHURODGLVSHUVLyQGHHVWHIHQyPHQRKDFRQVHJXLGRTXHFDVL
WRGR HO VXHOR QR XUEDQL]DEOH HVWp DIHFWDGR D H[FHSFLyQ GH DOJXQDV ]RQDV SRFR
DFFHVLEOHVGHOD6LHUUDGH$OPLMDUD\7HMHGD(OSDLVDMHWUDGLFLRQDOGHOD$[DUTXtD
KDGHVDSDUHFLGRSDUDGDUOXJDUDXQVXEXUELRUXUDOXUEDQRTXHIRUPDSDUWHGHOD
&RQXUEDFLyQGHOD&RVWDGHO6RO2WURDVSHFWRGHVLQJXODULPSRUWDQFLDTXHH[SOLFDODH[SDQVLyQGHOIHQyPHQRGHODYLYLHQGDXQLIDPLOLDUHQVXHORU~VWLFRHVOD
DFWLWXGGHODSREODFLyQORFDO\ORVLQWHUHVHVSROtWLFRV/DSREODFLyQORFDOKDYLVWR
HVWHSURFHVRXUEDQL]DGRUFRPRXQHOHPHQWRPX\SRVLWLYRXQDVDOLGDTXHLQFUHPHQWDEDHOYDORUGHXQRVDFWLYRVTXHHVWDEDQHQGHFDGHQFLDSDUFHODVGHVHFDQR
/DXUEDQL]DFLyQGHOFDPSRQRKDVLGRSHUFLELGDFRPRXQKHFKRQHJDWLYRHVPiV
VH KD SUHVLRQDGR LQWHQVDPHQWH DO SRGHU SROtWLFR SDUD LPSXOVDUD HVWH SURFHVR
TXHHUDXQD©IXHQWHGHULTXH]DªSDUDODSREODFLyQ/RVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVSROtWLFRV
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GHO SURFHVR (Q DOJXQRV FDVRV KDQ VLGR HOHPHQWRV GHVHQFDGHQDQWHV GH WUDPDV
FRUUXSWDV(OPLQLIXQGLVPRKDSURYRFDGRTXHXQDJUDQSDUWHGHOHOHFWRUDGRSDUWLFLSDVHHQHOSURFHVRXUEDQL]DGRUHVGHFLUHOXUEDQLVPRGLIXVRHUD\HVSRSXODU
H LQWHUYLHQH GLUHFWDPHQWH HQ ORV FRPLFLRV ORFDOHV (Q UHVXPHQ DOJXQRV GH ORV
HOHPHQWRVTXHGHEtDQKDEHUIUHQDGRHOSURFHVRSREODFLyQORFDODGPLQLVWUDFLyQ
ORFDO \ UHJLRQDO HWF QR KDQ DFWXDGR \ FXDQGR OR KDQ KHFKR OD MXVWLFLD VH KD
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3. EL PROCESO URBANIZADOR
(O SURFHVR XUEDQL]DGRU IXH UHODWLYDPHQWHOHQWR GHVGH ¿QDOHV GH ORV DxRV KDVWD¿QHVGHORVDxRVGHOSDVDGRVLJOR$SDUWLUGHDKtHOIHQyPHQRKDVXIULGR
XQDIXHUWHDFHOHUDFLyQJUDFLDVDODWHUPLQDFLyQGHOD$XWRYtDGHO0HGLWHUUiQHR
HQ HO WUDPR GH OD 3URYLQFLD GH 0iODJD OD VDWXUDFLyQ GH OD &RVWD 2FFLGHQWDO \
VREUHWRGRGHELGRDOIXHUWHFUHFLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFRTXHVHUHJLVWUyKDVWD
6HKDUHDOL]DGRXQHVWXGLRGHODKXHOODXUEDQL]DGRUDHQWUHVIHFKDVSDUDSRGHU
HVWXGLDUHOSURFHVR\/RVGDWRVH[WUDtGRVVHKDQWUDVODGDGRD
ODFDUWRJUDItDDGMXQWD)LJXUDV\
FIGURA 1. Espacios urbanizados. Costa del Sol, 1957.
(QSULPHUOXJDUKD\TXHGHVWDFDUHOJUDQFUHFLPLHQWRXUEDQtVWLFRTXHVHKD
SURGXFLGR6HKDSDVDGRGHORVPLOOGHPXUEDQL]DGRVHQDORV
PLOO GH P GH OR TXH VXSRQH XQ FUHFLPLHQWR JOREDO GH PLOORQHV GH
P HQWH ODV GRV IHFKDV (O FRQVXPR GH VXHOR VH KD LQFUHPHQWDGR HQ YHFHV
YLG&XDGUR
FIGURA 2. Espacios urbanizados. Costa del Sol, 1998.
FIGURA 3. Espacios urbanizados. Costa del Sol, 2005.
CUADRO 8. Distribución de los espacios urbanizados (m2). 1957-2005
1957
Núcleos urbanos
tradicionales
Núcleos diseminados
Urbanización extensiva (turística, 2º residencia,
etc.)
TOTAL
Rincón de la Victoria
9pOH]0iODJD
$OJDUURER
Torrox
Nerja
TOTAL (M²)
1.171.767,62
589.431,41
77.962,58
1.839.161,61
1998
Núcleos tradicionales
Núcleos diseminados
Urbanización
extensiva
TOTAL
Rincón de la Victoria
9pOH]0iODJD
$OJDUURER
Torrox
Nerja
TOTAL (M²)
4.239.317,23
2.548.674,60
7.072.645,34
13.860.637,17
2005
Núcleos tradicionales
Núcleos diseminados
Urbanización
extensiva
TOTAL
Rincón de la Victoria
9pOH]0iODJD
$OJDUURER
Torrox
Nerja
TOTAL (M²)
4.832.023,30
3.264.444,08
9.515.769,16
17.612.236,54
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Sup. Municipal
Total (m2)
Sup. Urbanizada 2005 (m2)
% Urbanización 2005
municipio
Rincón de la Victoria
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$OJDUURER
Torrox
Nerja
Costa Sol Oriental
331.065.372,21
17.612.236,54
5,32
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occidental.
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Sol Occidental.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
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suelo rústico. Deterioro ambiental y corrupción en la provincia de Málaga
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LA EXPANSIÓN URBANIZADORA EN EL INTERIOR
ALICANTINO. INDICADORES E INCERTIDUMBRES*
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xavier.amat@ua.es
Departamento de Geografía Humana, Universidad de Alicante
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INDICATORS AND UNCERTAINTIES
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1. INTRODUCCIÓN
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3.1. Contexto y tendencias de la expansión urbanizadora
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FIGURA 2. Incremento de las zonas urbanas (2000-2006).
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3.2. El «salto interior» de la expansión urbanizadora
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FIGURA 4. La expansión urbanizadora en el Alto y Medio Vinalopó.
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FIGURA 5. Hipótesis sobre crecimientos proyectados en el horizonte 2006 + 10/15.
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FIGURA 6. Efectos de la expansión urbanizadora.
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
%(//'The coming of Post-Industrial Society/RQGUHV+HLQHPDQQ
&$,51&5266)The death of distance 2.0. How the communications
revolution will change our lives. Londres: Texere.
&$67(//60La era de la información: economía, sociedad y cultura.
La sociedad red.0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO
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ÀH[LELOLW\"ªHQThe Journal of E-workingYROSS
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MARTÍNEZ SÁNCHEZ, A.; PÉREZ PÉREZ, M; DE LUIS CARNICER, P.;
9(/$-,0e1(=0©7UDEDMR\ÀH[LELOLGDGHIHFWRPRGHUDGRUVREUH
ORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODHPSUHVDªHQCuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la
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Journal of Urban EconomicsYROSS
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2.4. El Programa URBAN
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2.5. Consejo de Municipios y Regiones de Europa
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2.6. ICLEI - Gobiernos Locales para la sostenibilidad
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2.7. Alianza del Clima (Klima-Bündnis)
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2.8. Asociación de Ciudades y de Regiones para el Reciclaje (ACRR)
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2.9. Energie-Cités
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asociación.
2.10. EUROCITIEs
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2.11. Medcities
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2.12. Pacto de los Alcaldes (The Covenant of Mayors)
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3. INICIATIVAS RELACIONADAS CON LA ORDENACIÓN URBANA
3.1. La Carta de Atenas
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3.2. La Carta de Leipzig
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(VWDGRVPLHPEURVGHOD8(DFRUGDURQXQRVSULQFLSLRV\HVWUDWHJLDVFRPXQHVHQ
PDWHULDGHGHVDUUROORXUEDQR(OGRFXPHQWRTXHUHFRJHHVWDVGLUHFWULFHVVHGHQRPLQDOD&DUWDGH/HLS]LJVREUH&LXGDGHV(XURSHDV6RVWHQLEOHV/RVFRPSURPLVRV
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policéntrica.
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3.3. La iniciativa JESSICA
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4. CONCLUSIONES
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1. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA ZONA DE ESTUDIO
/DUHJLyQXUEDQDGH9DOHQFLD589iPELWRGHHVWXGLRGHODSUHVHQWHFRPXQLFDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGHDOQ~FOHRFHQWUDOGHOÈUHD0HWURSROLWDQDGH9DOHQFLDFRQ
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CUADRO 1. Datos de la zona de estudio
Municipios
6XSHU¿FLHHQKD
Habitantes
RUV
C. VALENCIANA
% RUV/CV
)XHQWH,9(\&DUWRJUDItD&25,1((ODERUDFLyQ3URSLD
)XHQWHHODERUDFLyQSURSLD
FIGURA 1. Región urbana de Valencia (RUV).
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FIGURA 2. Corredores delimitados para el estudio posterior
'HQWUR GH HVWD JUDQ iUHD XUEDQD VH KDQ GLIHUHQFLDGR GRV iPELWRV OD ]RQD
JOREDO GH HVWXGLR \ VXV FRUUHGRUHV SULQFLSDOHV HQWHQGLGRV FRPR ODV iUHDV GH
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2. TRANSFORMACIÓN DEL SUELO: LOS SUELOS ARTIFICIALES
6HKDWUDEDMDGRFRQOD%DVHGH'DWRV*HRJUi¿FDVREUHOD2FXSDFLyQGHO6XHOR
GH OD 8QLyQ (XURSHD SUR\HFWR &25,1( UHIHULGD D ORV DxRV \ HO
DYDQFHGH(VWDLQIRUPDFLyQKDVLGRWUDWDGDPHGLDQWH$UF*LVHODERUiQGRVH
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WDQWRSDUDWRGDODFRPXQLGDGDXWyQRPDFRPRSDUDODUHJLyQXUEDQD\VXVFRUUHGRUHVPHWURSROLWDQRV
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6XHORDUWL¿FLDOKD
Comunitat Valenciana
RUV
Zona de corredores
1990
2000
2006
)XHQWH&DUWRJUDItD&25,1((ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
&RPRSRGHPRVYHUODUHJLyQXUEDQDGH9DOHQFLDKDSDVDGRGHKHFWiUHDV
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CUADRO&UHFLPLHQWRGHORVVXHORVDUWL¿FLDOHVVHJ~Q&25,1(
6XHORVDUWL¿FLDOHV
1990-00
crecimiento%
2000-06
Comunitat Valenciana
RUV
Zona de corredores
1990-06
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GH XQ VHJ~Q GDWRV GHO ,QIRUPH GH 6RVWHQLELOLGDG HQ (VSDxD GH PLHQWUDVTXHOD589VHPDQWLHQHHQGLQiPLFDVPX\VHPHMDQWHVDODPHGLDHVSDxROD$GLIHUHQFLDGHODEUXVFDFDtGDGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHVXHORDUWL¿FLDOHQHO
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Área Urbana
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48,55
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de Valencia.
FIGURA 3. Corredores analizados.
)XHQWHHODERUDFLyQSURSLD
$WODV(VWDGtVWLFRGHODVÈUHDV8UEDQDVGH(VSDxD3RUWDO6LVWHPDVGH,QIRUPDFLyQXUEDQD0LQLVWHULRGH)RPHQWRKWWSVLXYLYLHQGDHVSRUWDO&RQVXOWDUHDOL]DGDHOGHDEULOGH
3DUDFDGDXQRGHHVWRVHMHVVHKDSURFHGLGRDXQDQiOLVLVGHODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVGHVXHOR\GHORVXVRVDFWXDOHVGHOPLVPRYpDVHHOFXDGURVLJXLHQWH
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Eje
Norte
NNW
NW
Sur
SE
SW
Oeste
1990
2000
2006
Aumento 1990-06
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Eje
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SE
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90-00
00-06
90-06
INTERANUAL 1990-06
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3. LOS USOS DEL SUELO
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CUADRO 7. Porcentaje de los diferentes usos del suelo en la RUV sobre el total del
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6XHORDUWL¿FLDO
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Crecimiento%
1990
2000
2006
90-00
00-06
90-06
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WRWDODUWL¿FLDOKDGHVFHQGLGRGHVGHVHKDGHELGRDOLQWHQVRFUHFLPLHQWRGHO
VXHOR©HQFRQVWUXFFLyQªTXHGHUHSUHVHQWDUXQHQKDSDVDGRDFDVLHO
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HQ FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH PiV GHO SDUD HO FRQMXQWR GH OD 589 HQWUH \
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CUADRO 8. Incremento porcentual de los diferentes tipos de suelo 2000-2006
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Eje
Norte
NNW
NW
Sur
SE
SW
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Urbano
Industrial
En construcción
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4. TRANSFORMACIÓN DE USOS: ¿DE DÓNDE HA SALIDO EL SUELO
ARTIFICIAL?
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TABLA 9. Cambios en los usos del suelo en porcentaje
Usos suelo
1990-00
2000-06
1990-06
8UEDQR
Agrícola
Forestal
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5. CONCLUSIONES
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GUARDAMAR DEL SEGURA:
DUNAS CON VISTAS DE HORMIGÓN
-RVp5DPyQ%XUJRV3pUH]
Jrbp3@alu.ua.es
Departamento de Geografía Humana, Universidad de Alicante
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FIGURA 1. Municipios que conforman la aglomeración metropolitana de Sevilla.
Fuente: Consejería de Vivienda y Ordenación del Territorio. Junta de Andalucía, 2009.
Elaboración propia.
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CUADRO 1. Actividades creativas en la aglomeración metropolitana de Sevilla (2009)
ACTIVIDADES
EMPRESAS
PORCENTAJE TRABAJADORES
PORCENTAJE
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Creación artística y espectáFXORV
2.164
4,15% del
total actividades
%LEOLRWHFDVDUFKLYRV\PXVHRV
ACTIVIDADES CREATIVAS
ACTIVIDADES BASADAS
EN EL CONOCIMIENTO
TOTAL ACTIVIDADES
14,77% del
7.701 total actividades
52.124
100
5,13% del
28.655 total actividades
24,30%
135.708 del total
ctividades
558.550
100
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FIGURA 2. Trabajadores en actividades creativas (2009).
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TOTAL ACTIVIDADES
Nº
% sobre
cada rama
TEMPORALES
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ACTIVIDADES SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO
ACTIVIDADES CREATIVAS
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Nº
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CUADRO 2. Nuevos contratos en actividades creativas (2009).
Nº
TOTAL
%
100
(13,55 del
total)
(5,80 del
total)
% SOBRE EL
TOTAL DE LAS
ACTIVIDADES
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FIGURA 5. Distribución territorial de los nuevos contratos en actividades creativas (2009).
Fuente: Instituto Nacional de Empleo.
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TIPOLOGÍA DE LOS PROCESOS DE URBANIZACIÓN
QUE HAN TENIDO LUGAR EN LAS PROVINCIAS
MEDITERRÁNEAS ANDALUZAS
EN EL SIGLO XXI (2000-2010)
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carvajal@uma.es
Universidad de Málaga
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CUADRO 2. Tipología de los procesos de urbanización que han tenido lugar en el área
mediterránea andaluza de 2000 a 2010
Evolución de la población de 2.000 a 2.010
Tipo
Nº
muni.
Población
2.010
Total
Núcleo principal
Núcleos secundarios
Diseminado
Total
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FIGURA 1. Tipología de los procesos de urbanización en las provincias de la Andalucía
mediterránea de 2000 a 2010.
TIPOS
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Tipo
Evolución de la población por nacionalidad
Evolución por grupos de edad
Total
Españoles
Extranjeros % R. Unido Menos de 16
16 a 64
65 y más
Total
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Francisco.Cebrian@uclm.es
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Juanantonio.Garcia@uclm.es
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
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Abstract:7KHDSSURYDORIWKHReglamento del PaisajeODQGVFDSHUHJXODWLRQ
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1. INTRODUCCIÓN
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SULQFLSDO REMHWLYR DFHUFDU ODV FXHVWLRQHV XUEDQDV D OD FLXGDGDQtD SDUD GH HVWH
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OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ S~EOLFD HQ OD WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV (Q (VSDxD HVWH PpWRGR GH
WUDEDMRSXHGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRQRYHGRVRVLVHWLHQHHQFXHQWDTXHDSHVDU
GHODODUJDSUHVHQFLDGHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDHQODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVSROtWLFDV
ORFDOHVHQPXFKDVRFDVLRQHVODSDUWLFLSDFLyQVHKDFHQWUDGR~QLFDPHQWHHQORV
SHOGDxRVPiVEDMRVGHODHVFDOHUDGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQ$UQVWHLQ
3RUWDQWRQRVHQFRQWUDPRVHQXQPRPHQWRHQTXHVHJHQHUDOL]DQODVH[SHULHQFLDVTXH JDUDQWL]DQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQS~EOLFDHQ ORV SURFHGLPLHQWRVQRUPDWLYRV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD SODQL¿FDFLyQ \ HO RUGHQDPLHQWR WHUULWRULDO (QWUH pVWDV
SRGHPRV GHVWDFDU HO GHVDUUROOR WHUULWRULDO \ XUEDQR OD JHVWLyQ HFRQyPLFD R ODV
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et al.3DVWRU
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OLPLWDFLRQHV\SUREOHPDVGHORVSURFHVRVSDUWLFLSDWLYRVFRPRHOJUDGRGHLPSOLFDFLyQUHDOGHODVRFLHGDGFLYLOHOQ~PHURGHSDUWLFLSDQWHVUHDOORVFROHFWLYRVTXH
SDUWLFLSDQORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVVHJXLGRV\ODWUDVFHQGHQFLDGHODVGHFLVLRQHVHQHO
SURFHVRGHDSOLFDFLyQGHODVLQLFLDWLYDVRDFWXDFLRQHVFRQFUHWDV)URORYD
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PiVH[LVWHQSURFHGLPLHQWRVHLQLFLDWLYDVSDUDDVHJXUDUODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQDHQODWRPDGHGHFLVLRQHV8QHMHPSORGHHVWDVLWXDFLyQODHQFRQWUDPRVHQOD
QRUPDWLYDGHRUGHQDFLyQWHUULWRULDOSURPXOJDGDUHFLHQWHPHQWHHQOD&RPXQLGDG
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TXHGHVWDFDHOIRPHQWRGHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQS~EOLFD
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3DLVDMH\GHULYDGRGHHVWDHO5HJODPHQWRGHO3DLVDMHGHORWRUJDQXQDLPSRUWDQFLDFUXFLDODODSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVTXHUHSHUFXWLUiQVREUH
HOWHUULWRULR0iVFRQFUHWDPHQWHHOLQVWUXPHQWRPiVLPSRUWDQWHSDUDFXDOTXLHU
SURFHVRGHSODQL¿FDFLyQWHUULWRULDOLQFOXLGDODSODQL¿FDFLyQXUEDQDVRQORVEstudios de paisaje GRQGH VH HVWDEOHFH XQD PHWRGRORJtD TXH SUHWHQGH DQDOL]DU
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2. OBJETIVOS Y METODOLOGÍA
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OD ~OWLPD GpFDGD GH WRGRV HV FRQRFLGR HO H[WUDRUGLQDULR GHVDUUROOR XUEDQtVWLFR
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con la ordenación del territorio y el paisaje.
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Valenciana relacionada con la ordenación del territorio, la protección del paisaje
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3. EL PAISAJE URBANO: UNA DEFINICIÓN
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VLQJXODUHV R GHVWDFDGRV R ELHQ SRU OD PHUD FRQVLGHUDFLyQ HVWpWLFD /ySH] %RQLOORSHURVLWRPDPRVODGH¿QLFLyQHVWDEOHFLGDHQHO&RQYHQLR(XURSHR
del PaisajeSRGHPRVREVHUYDUFRPRHVDYLVLyQWUDGLFLRQDOSXHGHVHUDPSOLDGD
\FRPSOHWDGDFRQPXFKRVPDWLFHV'HHVWDIRUPDVHREWLHQHXQDGH¿QLFLyQPiV
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SDUWLFLSDWLYRV\FRQODSODQL¿FDFLyQXUEDQD
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«El paisaje es un área, tal como la percibe la población, cuyo carácter
sea el resultado de la acción e interacción de factores naturales y/o
humanos»
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GHO3DLVDMHGRQGHVHHVSHFL¿FDHOiPELWRGHDSOLFDFLyQGHOPLVPR
«… es de aplicación para todo el territorio, considerando tanto las
áreas naturales, rurales, urbanas y periurbanas»
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FDGDYH]PiVVHDQDOL]DHOHVSDFLRQDWXUDOSUHVHQWHHQODV]RQDVSHULIpULFDVHQ
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«…sería entonces la síntesis última —siempre momentánea— de la
evolución de un ambiente o espacio urbano determinado, la cual sintetiza los sucesivos estados anteriores e integra el conjunto de intervenciones recibidas».
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participativo.
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4. PROCESOS PARTICIPATIVOS EN LA PLANIFICACIÓN URBANA
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XQDQXHYDYLVLyQGHOFRQFHSWRTXHYDPiVDOOiGHODWUDGLFLRQDO
«el paisaje es una parte importante de la calidad de vida de la población: en áreas urbanas y en el campo, en áreas degradadas y en áreas
con una calidad elevada, en áreas en las cuales se reconoce una belleza
destacada y en áreas cotidianas»
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ODV]RQDVXUEDQDVHO&RQYHQLRHVSHFL¿FDYDULDVYHFHVHQVXDUWLFXODGRODDSOLFDFLyQGHOFRQFHSWRDOPHGLRXUEDQRFRPRRFXUUHHQHODUWtFXORGHOPLVPR&RQ
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4.1. El caso valenciano: la normativa derivada de la Ley 4/2004 de Ordenación del Territorio y Protección del Paisaje de la Comunidad Valenciana. Los
estudios de paisaje y su relación con los procesos participativos
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«Los planes de ordenación del territorio, los planes generales, y los
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urbano incorporarán un estudio sobre el paisaje que necesariamente
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WHUULWRULRTXHFRQVWLWX\DQUHIHUHQWHVGHOSDLVDMHGHOiPELWRGHSODQL¿cación y ordenación»
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Hormigonera, dirigido por Manuel Tolosana (en red: http://video.google.es/vi
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2005 que presenta una serie de opiniones de expertos, formuladas desde una
óptica crítica, sobre las actividades de la construcción y sus impactos en la provincia alicantina durante los primeros años de la burbuja.
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3. DEFINICIÓN DEL MARCO TERRITORIAL, DE LOS CRITERIOS Y
DE LA METODOLOGÍA DE APROXIMACIÓN
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desarrollado.
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UHVLGXDOHQHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRGHOFRQMXQWRGLFKRFRPSRQHQWHHVIXQGDPHQWDOHQ
FIGURA 1. Áreas metropolitanas incluidas en el estudio.
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HO HQWHQGLPLHQWR GH OD OyJLFD JOREDO 'H 2OLYHLUD 1HYHV * (Q HO FDVR
GH 6HYLOOD FRPR *UDQDGD \ &iGL]-HUH] GH OD )URQWHUD HO HVSDFLR FRQVWUXLGR
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\ ODV DJORPHUDFLRQHV GH OD FRVWD PHGLWHUUiQHD OLQHDOHV RVWHQWDQ XQ QLYHO GH
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'H2OLYHLUD1HYHV*
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socioespacial de la dinámica metropolitana
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diversidad social.
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UHVSHFWRDODHGDGDSDUWLUGHJUDQGHVJUXSRVPDVGH
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ODDSUHFLDFLyQGHODVRVWHQLELOLGDGVRFLDOGHORVGLVWLQWRVPRGHORVPHWURSROLWDQRV
DQDOL]DGRVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV
4. LA SOSTENIBILIDAD SOCIOESPACIAL DE LOS ÁREAS METROPOLITANAS DE ANDALUCÍA OCCIDENTAL
(QHOPDUFRGHHVWDSURGXFFLyQFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHODFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ\HYDOXDFLyQ GH OD VRVWHQLELOLGDG VRFLRHVSDFLDO GH ORV FRQMXQWRV HVWXGLDGRV SDVD SRU
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TXH HO FUHFLPLHQWR SREODFLRQDO GHVYHODQGR XQD LQFRQJUXHQFLD HQWUH ORV GRV
indicadores.
CUADRO 1. Relación entre el crecimiento urbano (.has) y el crecimiento poblacional
(Nº Habitantes) entre 1999 y 2007
2003 - 2007
1999 - 2003
Crec. urbano
Crec. Poblac
Crec. urbano
Crec. Poblac
Cádiz
Granada
Málaga
Marbella
Sevilla
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHO08&9$SDUDHOFUHFLPLHQWRXUEDQR±\HOSDGUyQPXQLFLSDOGHO,($SDUDHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHSREODFLyQ
/DVGLIHUHQFLDVREVHUYDGDVGHVYHODQXQRVPRGHORVHQPDWHULDGHRUGHQDFLyQ
GHOHVSDFLRKHWHURJpQHRVVREUHWRGRHQHOVHJXQGRSHULRGRGRQGHORVSURFHVRV
GHFUHFLPLHQWRVHDFHOHUDQUHYHODQGRXQDPD\RUGLIXVLyQGHOPRGHORJOREDOGH
RUJDQL]DFLyQGHOHVSDFLRTXHQRVHDGHFXDFRQHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHODSREODFLyQ
(Q HO SULPHU LQWHUYDOR H[LVWHQ GRV JUXSRV GH DJORPHUDFLRQHV XQ SULPHUR
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SHULRGRWRGDVORViUHDVPHWURSROLWDQDVGHVOLJDQORVGRVPRGHORVGHGHVDUUROORV
IRUPDQGRWUHVJUXSRVHQIXQFLyQGHVXJUDGRGHLQGHSHQGHQFLDVLHQGRHOGHVDMXVWHPiVHOHYDGRHQORViUHDVPHWURSROLWDQDVGH6HYLOOD\&iGL]-HUH]GHOD)WUD\
HOPHQRVHQ0iODJD
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4.1. Sostenibilidad espacial del crecimiento urbano en las aglomeraciones
urbanas andaluzas
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FUHFLPLHQWRSRQHGHPDQL¿HVWRODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOGHVDUUROORXUEDQRHQHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRGHODVGLQiPLFDVPHWURSROLWDQDVFRQWHPSRUiQHDVHOORHQGHWULPHQWRHQ
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VXPRGHHVSDFLRVDJUDULRVTXHFRQOOHYDHOFUHFLPLHQWRHVSDFLDOGHOWHMLGRXUEDQR
PHWURSROLWDQR)LJXUD
FIGURA 2. Cambio neto de uso del suelo entre 1999 y 2007 en las áreas metropolitanas
del estudio.
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(VWH FDUiFWHU VHJXQGDULR HQ OD RUJDQL]DFLyQ GHO HVSDFLR PHWURSROLWDQR SHUR
SULRULWDULRHQHOHQWHQGLPLHQWRGHODGLQiPLFDHVSDFLDOGHOWHMLGRXUEDQRLQYLWDD
XQDQiOLVLVPiVGHWDOODGRGHVXRUJDQL]DFLyQ\GLQiPLFD1RVSHUPLWHFRQ¿UPDU
FIGURA 3. Modelo de crecimiento urbano en las áreas metropolitanas del estudio entre
1999 y 2003.
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGHO08&9$
FIGURA 4. Modelo de crecimiento urbano en las áreas metropolitanas del estudio entre
2003 y 2007.
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TXH HQWUH \ VH KD SURGXFLGR XQRV FDPELRV PX\ SURIXQGRV HQ ODV
SDXWDVXUEDQL]DGRUDVGHODVGLVWLQWDVDJORPHUDFLRQHVTXHSRFRWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQ
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(QWUH\HQWRGDVODVDJORPHUDFLRQHVXUEDQDVDQDOL]DGDVORVHVSDFLRVHQFRQVWUXFFLyQH[SOLFDEDQODJUDQPD\RUtDGHODVVXSHU¿FLHVGHFDPELRV
UHÀHMDQGRODGLQiPLFDJOREDOREVHUYDGDDQLYHOQDFLRQDO
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\UHSUHVHQWDQPiVGHOGHORVFDPELRVXUEDQRVGHOLQWHUYDORHVWXGLDGR1R
REVWDQWHORViUHDVPHWURSROLWDQDVFRPR*UDQDGDR6HYLOODGHHVWUXFWXUDVUDGLRFpQWULFDVKDEtDQDQWLFLSDGR\DVXVGHVDUUROORVHVSDFLDOHVFRQODFRQVROLGDFLyQGH
QXHYRVHVSDFLRVLQGXVWULDOHVHFRPHUFLDOHVHQHOSULPHUSHULRGRPLHQWUDVHOiUHD
PHWURSROLWDQDGH0DUEHOODRULHQWDEDVXFUHFLPLHQWRHVSDFLDOKDFLDODSURGXFFLyQ
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GHGHVDUUROOR)LJXUD
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FRPHUFLDOHVHLQGXVWULDOHVODFROPDWDFLyQGHOWHMLGRXUEDQR\ODFUHDFLyQGHHVSDFLRVUHVLGHQFLDOHV(VWDWHQGHQFLDVHREVHUYDVREUHWRGRHQHOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQD
GH6HYLOODGRQGHODVVXSHU¿FLHVGHORVGRVSULPHURVHStJUDIHVVHKDQPXOWLSOLFDGR
por tres.
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GHXQFDPELRVLQKDFHUROYLGDUTXHHQHOSHULRGRHVWXGLDGRHOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQD
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el cambio de siglo
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PHQRV FRQVROLGDGR DSDUHFH FRPR HO PHQRV GLYHUVR PLHQWUDV HO GH *UDQDGD R
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DxRVVLJXLHQWHVWRGRVORVHVSDFLRVPHWURSROLWDQRVKDQLGRJDQDQGRHQFRPSOH
FIGURA 5. Diversidad intergeneracional de las áreas metropolitanas del estudio entre
1999 y 2003.
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MLGDG\FRQVLJXLHQGRFDVLODHTXLSDUDFLyQDH[FHSFLyQGHOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQDGH
0DUEHOOD
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iUHDPHWURSROLWDQDGH6HYLOODH[SHULPHQWDVXPD\RUFDPELRGHWHQGHQFLDSDUD
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FRPSOHMDV PLHQWUDV HO DpUHD PHWURSROLWDQD GH 0DUEHOOD D OD LQYHUVD GHO UHVWR
GHORVOXJDUHVH[DPLQDGRVSLHUGHYDULHGDGHQWUH\\HOLQGLFDGRUVH
PDQWLHQHHQPX\SRUHQFLPDGHOUHVWRGHORVHVSDFLRV
/DFRPSOHMLGDGLQWHUJHQHUDFLRQDOQRVHDFRPSDxDGHXQDSOXUDOLGDGFXOWXUDO
\DTXHODSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHXQHVSDxROVHHQFXHQWUHFRQXQH[WUDQMHURHVPtQLPDHQODVDJORPHUDFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVGHVWDFDQGRVRORODV]RQDVFRVWHUDVFRQXQ
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programadas
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