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GLIOXRUXURGHEHULOLR E (Q HO FDVR TXH SUHGRPLQH HO HQODFH FRYDOHQWH MXVWLILTXH OD JHRPHWUtD \ OD SRODULGDGGHODVPROpFXODV (VWUXFWXUDGHODPDWHULD Solución D&REUHHQODFHPHWiOLFR %&O(QODFHFRYDOHQWH +2(QODFHFRYDOHQWH &V)(QODFHLyQLFR %H)(QODFHFRYDOHQWH E %&O (O iWRPR FHQWUDO HV HO ERUR TXH FRQWULEX\H FRQ VXV WUHV HOHFWURQHV GH YDOHQFLD VS \ FDGD FORUR DSRUWD XQR Ċ HOHFWURQHV WUHV SDUHV HO ERURHVWiURGHDGRGHWUHVSDUHVGHHOHFWURQHVTXHVRQFRPSDUWLGRVSRUORVWUHV iWRPRVGHFORURSRUORTXHODJHRPHWUtDHVWULDQJXODUSODQD +2(OR[LJHQRDSRUWDVXVVHLVHOHFWURQHVGHYDOHQFLDVS\FDGDKLGUyJHQR DSRUWD XQR SRU OR TXH HO Q~PHUR WRWDO GH HOHFWURQHV TXH URGHD DO iWRPR FHQWUDOHVĊ HVGHFLUHVWiURGHDGRGHFXDWURSDUHVGHHOHFWURQHVGH ORVFXDOHVVyORGRVVRQFRPSDUWLGRVSRUORTXHODPROpFXODVHUiDQJXODU %H)(OEHULOLRFRQWULEX\HFRQVXVGRVHOHFWURQHVGHYDOHQFLDV\FDGD IO~RU DSRUWD HO HOHFWUyQ VS GHVDSDUHDGR Ċ HOHFWURQHV SRU OR TXH HO EHULOLRHVWiURGHDGRGHGRVSDUHVGHHOHFWURQHVFRPRORVGRVHVWiQFRPSDUWLGRV ODJHRPHWUtDVHUiOLQHDO /D PROpFXOD %&O DXQTXH VXV HQODFHV HVWiQ SRODUL]DGRV SRU VX JHRPHWUtD OD VXPDGHORVWUHVGLSRORVGHORVHQODFHVVHDQXODQ\HVDSRODU /DPROpFXODGHDJXDHVDQJXODU\ORVHQODFHV2+HVWiQSRODUL]DGRVSRUORTXH VHUiXQDPROpFXODSRODU $XQTXHORVHQODFHV%H)HVWiQSRODUL]DGRVDOVHUODPROpFXODOLQHDOORVGLSRORV VHDQXODQ\ODPROpFXODVHUiDSRODU &XHVWLyQ &XHVWLyQ &RPHQWHFDGDXQDGHODVIUDVHVVLJXLHQWHVLQGLFDQGRVLSXHGHQVHUYHUGDGHUDVR QR\H[SOLTXHODVUD]RQHVHQODVTXHVHEDVD D(ODJXDHVXQFRPSXHVWRFRYDOHQWHDSRODU E(ODJXDHVXQEXHQGLVROYHQWHGHVXVWDQFLDVLyQLFDV Solución D)DOVR /DPROpFXODGHDJXDHVDQJXODU\ORVHQODFHV2+HVWiQSRODUL]DGRV SRUORTXHVHUiXQDPROpFXODSRODU E9HUGDGHUR$OVHUSRODUODVPROpFXODVGHDJXDVHRULHQWDQFRQORVGLSRORVGH IRUPD TXH OD SDUWH SRVLWLYD GHO DJXD VH RULHQWD KDFLD ORV LRQHV QHJDWLYRV \ OD SDUWH QHJDWLYD GHO GLSROR GHO DJXD KDFLD ORV LRQHV SRVLWLYRV GHVSUHQGLHQGR OD HQHUJtDVXILFLHQWHSDUDURPSHUODUHGLyQLFD ,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD &XHVWLyQ &XHVWLyQ D(VFULEHODVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVHOHFWUyQLFDVGHORViWRPRV;= <= E-XVWLILTXHHOWLSRGHHQODFHTXHVHIRUPDUiFXDQGRVHFRPELQHQ;<R<< F-XVWLILTXHVLODVGRVHVSHFLHVIRUPDGDVHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRUVHUiQVROXEOHV Solución = VVSVS D= VVSVSV E;<6HWUDWDGHXQHOHPHQWRGHOJUXSRGHEDMRSRWHQFLDOGHLRQL]DFLyQFRQ RWUR GHO JUXSR GH JUDQ DILQLGDG HOHFWUyQLFD SRU OR TXH IRUPDUiQ XQ FRPSXHVWRFRQHQODFHLyQLFR << 6RQ GRV iWRPRV GHO PLVPR HOHPHQWR TXH SHUWHQHFHQ DO JUXSR \ SDUD DOFDQ]DU OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ GH JDV QREOH FRPSDUWHQ XQ SDU GH HOHFWURQHV SRU OR TXHVXHQODFHVHUiFRYDOHQWH F /D HVSHFLH ;< DO VHU LyQLFD VHUi VROXEOH HQ DJXD OD ;; DO WHQHU HQODFH FRYDOHQWHVHUiSRFRVROXEOHHQDJXD &XHVWLyQ &XHVWLyQ &DOFXOHODHQHUJtDUHWLFXODUGHOFORUXURGHVRGLRVDELHQGR (QWDOStDGHIRUPDFLyQ1D&O N-PRO (QHUJtDGHVXEOLPDFLyQGHOVRGLR N-PRO 3RWHQFLDOGHLRQL]DFLyQGHOVRGLR N-PRO (QHUJtDGHGLVRFLDFLyQGHOFORUR N-PRO $ILQLGDGHOHFWUyQLFDGHOFORUR N-PRO Solución: se aplica el mismo ciclo termodinámico anterior 0 ¨ H f 6,ò'(8 0 8 ¨ H f ²6,ò'( N-PRO²>òĊ@N-PRO ņ N-PRO &XHVWLyQ D 5HSUHVHQWH VHJ~Q OD WHRUtD GH /HZLV ODV PROpFXODV GH HWDQR &+ HWHQR 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D(QWRGRVORVFRPSXHVWRVHOHQODFHHVFRYDOHQWH\DTXHWRGRVHVWiQIRUPDGRV SRU HOHPHQWRV TXH WLHQGHQ D FRPSOHWDU VX FDSD GH YDOHQFLD FRPSDUWLHQGR HOHFWURQHV E (ODJXDHVODTXHWLHQHHOSXQWRGH IXVLyQPiVDOWRSRUSUHVHQWDUHQODFHGH KLGUyJHQR \D TXH HQ ODV GHPiV HVSHFLHV HO HQODFH LQWHUPROHFXODU SUHVHQWH HV GHELGRDODVIXHU]DVGH9DQGHU:DDOVTXHDXPHQWDQFRQHOWDPDxR F /D PiV SRODU VHUi OD PROpFXOD GH DJXD HV GRQGH OD GLIHUHQFLD GH HOHFWURQHJDWLYLGDG HQWUH HO KLGUyJHQR \ HO R[LJHQR HV PD\RU \ SRU OR WDQWR ORV HQODFHVHVWDUiQPiVSRODUL]DGRV\HOPRPHQWRGLSRODUUHVXOWDQWHVHUiPD\RU &XHVWLyQ &XHVWLyQ 'DGDVODVHQHUJtDVUHWLFXODUHVGHODVVLJXLHQWHVVXVWDQFLDV 8N-PRO 1D) 1D&O 1D%U 5D]RQHFyPRYDUtDQ D6XVSXQWRVGHIXVLyQ E6XGXUH]D F6XVROXELOLGDGHQDJXD Solución D 3DUD IXQGLU XQ FRPSXHVWR LyQLFR HV QHFHVDULR URPSHU ORV HQODFHV LyQLFRV \ FXDQWRPiVIXHUWHVHDHOHQODFHPD\RUVHUiODHQHUJtDUHWLFXODUHORUGHQVHUi 1D)!1D&O!1D%U E 3DUD UD\DU XQ FRPSXHVWR LyQLFR HV QHFHVDULR WDPELpQ URPSHU HO HQODFH LyQLFR\HORUGHQVHUiHOPLVPRTXHHODQWHULRU1D)!1D&O!1D%U 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