Parte 4

Anuncio
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV ½ /$9(*$0(',$<%$-$$JXDVDEDMRGH6DQWD)H
6RQODViUHDVTXHHQPHQRUPHGLGDVHKDQYLVWRDIHFWDGDVSRUHOSURFHVRGHXUEDQL]DFLyQ\SRUORWDQWROR
HVHQFLDOGHVXILVLRQRPtDVHGHEHDTXtDODHVWUXFWXUDGHVXVFDPSRVDOWLSRGHSURGXFWRVTXHVHFXOWLYDQ\HQ
PHQRUPHGLGDDOWLSRGHKiELWDW\DODVHGLILFDFLRQHVOLJDGDVDODDFWLYLGDGDJUDULD8QHOHPHQWRLQFRUSRUDGR
UHFLHQWHPHQWH\GHJUDQLPSDFWRHVODDXWRYtDGHODODDOWXUDGH6DQWD)HVHELIXUFDKDFLD0XUFLD(OUHVWRGH
HGLILFDFLRQHVTXHVHKDQHVWDEOHFLGRIXHUDGHOSHUtPHWURGHORVSXHEORVVHDOLQHDQFODUDPHQWHDORODUJRGHHVWD
YtDSULQFLSDODVtFRPRGHRWUDVFDUUHWHUDVGHFDUiFWHUORFDO
3HVHDWRGRVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHHOSDLVDMHGHOiUHDRFFLGHQWDOVLJXHVLHQGRDJUDULR\TXHHOORVHGHEHDVX
VLWXDFLyQUHODWLYDPiVDOHMDGDGHODFLXGDGGH*UDQDGD
½ /$9(*$1257(/LPLWDGDDOVXUSRUHOWUD]DGRIHUURYLDULRD%REDGLOOD
&DUDFWHUL]DGDSRUXQDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHOSDLVDMHPX\LQWHQVDFUHFLPLHQWRDFXVDGRGHODSREODFLyQ\GHOD
VXSHUILFLHFRQVWUXLGDFUHFLPLHQWRXUEDQRHLQGXVWULDO(OiUHDLQFOX\HHVHQFLDOPHQWHORVPXQLFLSLRVGH0DUDFHQD
3HOLJURV$OERORWH$WDUIH\*UDQDGDTXHKDQDFXPXODGRHQHOOODQRDOXYLDOJUDQFDQWLGDGGHHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRV
LQGXVWULDOHV\SDUDLQGXVWULDOHVSROtJRQRVGH-XQFDULO\$VHJUDDVtFRPRXQLPSRUWDQWHQ~PHURGHXUEDQL]DFLRQHV
GHFDUiFWHUUHVLGHQFLDOWLSRFDVDVXQLIDPLOLDUHVDGRVDGDV$HOORVHVXPDODYtDGHOIHUURFDUULO\ODFLUFXQYDODFLyQD
-DpQ(OSDLVDMHGHUHJDGtRTXHQRVHDILUPyKDVWDHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRSOHQRGHO&DQDOGH$OERORWHGXUDQWHORVDxRV
KDHYROXFLRQDGRPiVKDFLDXQSDLVDMHVXEXUEDQRTXHXQSDLVDMHUXUDO(OORHVFDXVDGLUHFWDGHORVSODQHDPLHQWRV
XUEDQtVWLFRVHLQGLUHFWDPHQWHVHGHEHSRUHVWDUHQSRVLFLyQLQWHUVWLFLDOHQWUHORVQ~FOHRVFLWDGRV
(QOD]RQDQRUHVWHORVSXHEORVGH3XOLDQDV\-XQH[WLHQGHQXQDSHTXHxDSRUFLyQGHVXVPXQLFLSLRVSRU/D9HJD
REVHUYiQGRVHVLQHPEDUJRXQDFLHUWDFRQWLQXLGDGHQHOSDLVDMHFRQHOERUGHGH6LHUUD$UDQD]RQDFRQJUDQ
SUHVHQFLDGHOROLYR
½ /$9(*$&(175$/
'HOLPLWDGDSRUHOWHMLGRIHUURYLDULR%REDGLOODDO1RUWH*UDQDGDDO(VWHHOFRQWLQXRXUEDQRIRUPDGRSRU
$UPLOOD&KXUULDQD\&~OODU9HJDDO6XU\OD$DO2HVWH(VWHiUHDWDPELpQHVREMHWRGHIXHUWHVWHQVLRQHV
XUEDQDV\GHRFXSDFLyQSRUHGLILFDFLRQHVGHWRGRWLSRGHXVRV$VtHOWHMLGRXUEDQRGH*UDQDGDFRQHFWDFRQHOXVR
DJUtFRODDWUDYpVGHHVSDFLRVHQORVTXHDOWHUQDQORVFDPSRVGHFXOWLYRFRQLQVWDODFLRQHVGHVWLQDGDVDOXVR
LQGXVWULDORDORVVHUYLFLRVXUEDQRV(VWDVDSDUHFHQGHIRUPDDQiUTXLFDVDOSLFDQGROD]RQDTXHVHH[WLHQGHGHVGHHO
FDXFHGHOUtR*HQLO(QHVWHVHFWRUVHKDQLGRVXFHGLHQGRORVFLQWXURQHVGHODFLUFXQYDODFLyQFRQVROLGiQGRVH
XUEDQtVWLFDPHQWHFRQHOWLHPSR(VOD]RQDTXHUHVSRQGHDODLPDJHQPiVDUUDLJDGDGHYHJDSDUDORVJUDQDGLQRV
$Vt*UDQDGDKDFRQVXPLGRXQDSRUFLyQLPSRUWDQWHGHORVUHJDGtRV\KDPRGLILFDGRVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHHODVSHFWRGH
RWURVTXHKR\VHDVHPHMDPDVDXQSDLVDMHSHULXUEDQRTXHUXUDO6yORHOHVFDVRGLQDPLVPRGHORVSXHEORVGH
3XUFKLO$PEUR]\%HOLFHQDPXQLFLSLRGH9HJDVGHO*HQLO\HQPHQRUPHGLGDGH&~OODU9HJDVLQEXHQD
FRPXQLFDFLyQFRQODFLXGDGKDSHUPLWLGRXQDSHUYLYHQFLDGHOSDLVDMHWUDGLFLRQDOPD\RUGHODTXHFDEUtDHVSHUDUSRU
VXSUR[LPLGDGDODPLVPD
½ /$9(*$685
'HOLPLWDGDDO1RUWHSRU*UDQDGDDO(VWH\6XUSRUHOFRQWtQXRXUEDQRGHODFRUQLVD\DO2HVWHSRUORVQ~FOHRV
GH2WXUD$OKHQGtQ\/DV*DELDV(VHOiUHDGRQGHVHKDFHPiVHYLGHQWHODVWHQVLRQHVHQWUHORVXVRVDJUDULRV\
UHVLGHQFLDOHVGHOVXHORSXGLHQGRVHGHILQLUODVVXE]RQDV
ÉUHD6XU6XURHVWH/DFLXGDGGH*UDQDGDFRQHFWDVLQVROXFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDGFRQORVSXHEORVGH$UPLOOD\
&KXUULDQDFDUDFWHUL]DGRVSRUXQLPSRUWDQWHFUHFLPLHQWRGHPRJUiILFR\XQDGLQiPLFDXUEDQtVWLFDPX\DFWLYD
DIHFWDQGRDHVSDFLRVJUDQGHVUHJDGRVGHYHJD)XHUDGHORVFDVFRVXUEDQRVTXHFDVLKDQDFDEDGRFRQHOSDLVDMH
DJUDULRWUDGLFLRQDOHQFRQWUDPRVXQDLPSRUWDQWHDFXPXODFLyQGHLQVWDODFLRQHVLQGXVWULDOHV\FRPHUFLDOHVGH
IXHUWHLPSDFWRHQWUHODVTXHGHVWDFDQODVJUDQGHVVXSHUILFLHV$ODVTXHDFRPSDxDQYDOODVSXEOLFLWDULDV
JUDQGHVOXPLQRVRVDSDUFDPLHQWRV,JXDOPHQWHKD\XUEDQL]DFLRQHVTXHDYDQ]DQVREUH/D9HJDSURGXFLHQGRXQ
IXHUWHLPSDFWRVREUHHOYHUGHGHORVFDPSRV/DSUiFWLFDXQLyQFRQODFDSLWDOH[SOLFDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHHVWHiUHD
FRPRUHVLGHQFLDODVtFRPRODSUROLIHUDFLyQGHFRPHUFLRVDOPDFHQHVLQGXVWULDV
/DILVLRQRPtDGHORVSXHEORVKDFDPELDGRFDVLSRUFRPSOHWRDXQTXHVHFRQVHUYDQDOJXQRVHOHPHQWRVUHODFLRQDGRV
FRQODYLGDDJUDULDDVtHQ&KXUULDQDVHPH]FODQODVFDVDVFRQORVVHFDGHURVGHWDEDFR0iVSUy[LPRVDOOtPLWH
H[WHUQRHVWiQ/DV*DELDV\$OKHQGtQTXHFRQVHUYDQXQFDUiFWHUPiVUXUDOGHELGRDVXPD\RUDLVODPLHQWR(QWUH
HVWRVSXHEORVVHHQFXHQWUDHODHUyGURPRTXHFRQWUDVWDFRQORVUHJDGtRVSRUVXDVSHFWRGH]RQDiULGD\EDOGtD
ÉUHD6XUHVWHGHOD9HJD6HGLYLGHHQGRVFXHQFDVFLUFXODUHVURGHDGDVHQODSUiFWLFDWRWDOLGDGSRU
HGLILFDFLRQHVXUEDQRUHVLGHQFLDOHV/DSULPHUDHVWiFLUFXQGDGDSRUODFLXGDGGH*UDQDGDDO1RUWHSRUHO
SLHGHPRQWHGH6LHUUD1HYDGDDO(VWH\6XU\SRU/RPD/LQGD\$UPLOODDO6XURHVWH\2HVWHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
(QHOERUGHVHUUDQRODVXUEDQL]DFLRQHVUHVLGHQFLDOHVVHDPSOtDQUiSLGDPHQWHVREUHHOSLHGHPRQWHPLHQWUDVTXH
2JtMDUHV/RPD/LQGD\$UPLOODDYDQ]DQVREUHODYHJDDFHUFiQGRVHFDGDYH]PiVDODOtQHDGHODQXHYDDXWRYtD
*UDQDGDWLHQHXQFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVLPLODUVLELHQVHH[WLHQGHGHIRUPDLQGLVFULPLQDGDDORODUJRGHFDUUHWHUDV
UDGLDOHVGH+XpWRU9HJD/D=XELD\2JtMDUHV7RGRVKDQDXPHQWDGRODVXSHUILFLHGHUHVLGHQFLDVHFXQGDULDFRQ
FUHFLPLHQWRDQiUTXLFR$EXQGDQODVYLYLHQGDVDLVODGDVXQLIDPLOLDUHVFRQGRVSODQWDV\MDUGtQFRQVXPLGRUDVGH
JUDQGHVFDQWLGDGHVGHVXHOR
222
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV
/RVFDPSRVGHHVWHVHFWRUKDQTXHGDGRUHFOXLGRVHQHOLQWHULRUGHODFXHQFDFHUFDGRVSRUFRPSOHWRSRUODV
XUEDQL]DFLRQHVTXHDYDQ]DQDULWPRYHUWLJLQRVR
/DVHJXQGDFXHQFDTXHVHGLEXMDHVPDVSHTXHxDVHH[WLHQGHDORWURODGRGH/RPD/LQGD(VXQSHTXHxROODQR
DOXYLDO6HUHSURGXFHDTXtORH[SXHVWRSDUDODRWUDFXHQFDVLELHQODYHJDOLPLWDDKRUDFRQDPSOLRVVHFDQRVGH
FHUHDOHV\DOPHQGURVGH$OKHQGtQ\2WXUD$TXtWDPELpQVXEVLVWHXQSHTXHxRHVSDFLRGHYHJDIUHQWHDODV
XUEDQL]DFLRQHVTXHVRQGHRFLRPiVTXHGHYLYLHQGD
$ODYLVWDGHORH[SXHVWRQRVHYDSRUHOFDPLQRGHFRPSDWLELOL]DUGLVWLQWRVXVRVGHOVXHORTXHDVHJXUHQOD
VXSHUYLYHQFLDGHXQSDLVDMHWDQYDOLRVRVLQRTXHPiVELHQVHDYDQ]DKDFLDVXGHVDSDULFLyQ/DVLWXDFLyQGH
WHQVLRQDPLHQWRHQOD9HJD1RUWH&HQWUDO\6XUTXHVXPDQFDVLODPLWDGGHODVXSHUILFLHWRWDOGH/D9HJDGH
*UDQDGD\VREUHODVTXHVHDVLHQWDHOQ~FOHRIXQGDPHQWDOGHODDJORPHUDFLyQPRWLYDQRVyORODSpUGLGDGHO
SDLVDMHUXUDOVLQRWDPELpQHODEDQGRQRGHODVH[SORWDFLRQHVIDOWDGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHODVDFHTXLDVGHGLFDFLyQ
ODERUDODWLHPSRSDUFLDOQRPRGHUQL]DFLyQGHODVLQVWDODFLRQHVHWFIDFWRUHVWRGRVHOORVTXHFRQOOHYDOD
GLVPLQXFLyQGHODSURGXFWLYLGDG\GHJHQHUDFLyQGHUHQWDV
&21&/86,21(6
• 3URJUHVLYDLQWHQVLILFDFLyQGHODLQIOXHQFLDGHODFLXGDGGH*UDQDGDVREUH/D9HJD
• &RQILJXUDFLyQGHiUHDPHWURSROLWDQDRVXEXUEDQDHQWRUQRDODFDSLWDOJUDQDGLQDFRQXQSREODPLHQWRPiVGHQVR
TXHRWUDViUHDV\DFWLYLGDGHVHFRQyPLFDVPiVGLYHUVLILFDGDV
• (QDTXHOODV]RQDVGRQGHODDJULFXOWXUDVLJXHVLHQGRODDFWLYLGDGGRPLQDQWH9HJD0HGLD\%DMDODSREODFLyQ
FUHFHDXQULWPRPRGHUDGRQRH[HQWRGHPLJUDFLyQDXQTXHOHYH
• /RVQXHYRVGHVDUUROORVXUEDQRVQRVyORWUDHQPHMRUDVHQODVDUFDVPXQLFLSDOHVVLQRTXHSRUHOFRQWUDULR
LQFUHPHQWDQORVFRVWHVGHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDV\VHUYLFLRVEiVLFRV
• 3pUGLGDGHLGHQWLGDGORFDO\GHFDOLGDGXUEDQDIUXWRGHORVIDFWRUHVGHFUHFLPLHQWRDFHOHUDGR(VWRVH
WUDGXFHHQ
'pELOHVWUXFWXUDFLyQYLDULDGHORVQXHYRVFUHFLPLHQWRV
3DUDVLWLVPRGHORVQXHYRVVLVWHPDVGHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV
,PSRUWDFLyQGHHGLILFDFLRQHVQRHQUDL]DGDVHQODWUDGLFLyQORFDO\FRPDUFDO
)DOWDGHFXLGDGRHQHOGLVHxRGHORVHVSDFLRVS~EOLFRV
(VWRVIDFWRUHVWLHQHQHVSHFLDOLQFLGHQFLDFXDQGRORVQ~FOHRVXUEDQRVVHIXVLRQDQHQWUHVtFRPRRFXUUHHQHO
VHFWRU6XUGH/D9HJD
• /DLPSODQWDFLyQGHXUEDQL]DFLRQHVGHVHJXQGDYLYLHQGDFRQOOHYDPXFKRVSUREOHPDVIXQFLRQDOHVLQVXILFLHQFLDGH
GRWDFLRQHVGXUDQWHORVILQHVGHVHPDQD\SHULRGRVYDFDFLRQDOHV\H[FHVRGHODVPLVPDVHQSHULRGRVODERUDOHV
• $SHVDUGHH[LVWLUOHJLVODFLyQTXHSURWHJHODVWLHUUDVGHFXOWLYRFDGDYH]HVPD\RUHOQ~PHURGHpVWDVTXHVH
SLHUGHQSRUFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXUEDQL]DFLRQHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHODVGHOVHFWRURULHQWDOULFDVWLHUUDVGHODOODQXUD
DOXYLDO
• 6HKDFHFDGDYH]PiVQHFHVDULRXQDFRRUGLQDFLyQVXSUDPXQLFLSDODODKRUDGHSODQLILFDUHOGHVDUUROOR
XUEDQtVWLFRIXWXUR\PHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHYLGDGHODVSHUVRQDVGHODFRPDUFDµ
• 9LVWRHOSDVDGR\HOSUHVHQWHGHHVWHSDLVDMHLPDJLQDHOIXWXURDSXQWDFyPRSLHQVDVW~
TXHORYHUiQODVJHQHUDFLRQHVIXWXUDV
3$5$'$/RVFXOWLYRVGHIORUHV\ODVFKRSHUDV
• 6HJXUDPHQWHKDVDSUHFLDGRDOJXQDVIORUHVRUQDPHQWDOHVDGRUQDQGRODVFDVDVGHODYHJD
LQFOXVRDOJ~QFXOWLYR¢&XDOHVKDVYLVWR"¢(VWDEDQHQIORU"
• (QODREUDGH)HGHULFR*DUFtD/RUFDPX\SROLIDFpWLFDWDPELpQKD\XQHVSDFLRSDUDHO
GLEXMR\ODSLQWXUDDWUDYpVGHOGLEXMRH[SUHVDEDORTXHOHLQVSLUDEDHOSDLVDMH\ODYLGD
$VtHQFRQWUDPRVIORUHVHQGLEXMRVTXHWUDQVPLWHQPHODQFROtDRPXHUWH´)ORUHURµ
RWURVHUDQGHFRUWHVXUUHDOLVWD\DODVIORUHVOHVDFRPSDxDEDQSHFHV
• 7~KDEUiVSRGLGRREVHUYDUURVDVHQODVKXHUWDVGHDOJXQDVGHODVFDVDVSRUODVTXHKDV
SDVDGR(OSRHWDWDPELpQODVQRPEUDRODVGLEXMD2EVHUYDGHWHQLGDPHQWHHOVLJXLHQWH
&$/,*5$0$SRHPDFX\DIRUPDDGRSWDODLPDJHQGHOREMHWRDOXGLGRVHOODPD´5RVDGH
ODPXHUWHµ\FRPRVHDSUHFLDHQODILJXUDHVTXHPDWL]DODVLOXHWDGHXQDURVD
• ,JXDOPHQWHODVILUPDVGHOSRHWDVRQPX\SHFXOLDUHVHQHOODVWDPELpQDSDUHFHQODV
IORUHV\ODOXQD)tMDWHHQODILJXUDGHODILUPDGHGLFDGDD0DUJDULWD;LUJXXQDGHODV
PiVHODERUDGDV
223
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV &DOLJUDPD´5RVDGHODPXHUWHµ
$LUHSDUDWXERFD
7LHUUDWLHUUDWLHUUD
&XHUSRFXHUSRFXHUSR
<1XQFD
<PDGHUD\PDGHUD
1XQFD1XQFD1XQFD
<VLHPSUH\VLHPSUH\VLHPSUH
0XHUWH\0XHUWH
$JXDSDUDWXDPRU
)XHJRSDUDWXFHQL]D
0XHUWH\0XHUWH\0XHUWH
7LHUUD
3DUDWXDOPD
0XHUWH\0XHUWH\0XHUWH
Fig. 6. Caligrama.
Fig. 7. Firma dedicada a Margarita Xirgu en 1935. Se combina la luna llorando con
las flores (entre el nombre y el primer apellido cuelgan campanillas).
224
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV
• 2WUDSODQWDFXOWLYDGDHQORV~OWLPRVWLHPSRVHVHOFKRSR/DYHJDVHWLxHGHPDQFKDV
YHUGHVHQDOJXQRVSXQWRVGHELGRDODVFKRSHUDV6XPDGHUDVHXWLOL]DVREUHWRGRSDUD
KDFHUFDMDVGHHPEDODMH¢+DVYLVWRDOJ~QFKRSRHQWXFDPLQR"1XHYDPHQWHHOSRHWDQRV
LQWURGXFHHQHOSDLVDMHGHHVWHHQWRUQR
'XOFHFKRSR
'XOFHFKRSR
7HKDVSXHVWR
*UDQDGD\ODYHJDDOIRQGR
'HRUR
$\HUHVWDEDVYHUGH
8QYHUGHORFR
'HSiMDURVJORULRVRV
+R\HVWiVDEDWLGR
%DMRHOFLHORGH$JRVWR
&RPR\REDMRDOFLHOR
'HPLHVStULWXURMR
/DIUDJDQFLDFDXWLYD
'HWXWURQFR
9HQGUiDPLFRUD]yQ
3LDGRVR
£5XGRDEXHORGHOSUDGR
*UDQDGD\ODYHJDDOIRQGR
1RVRWURV
1RVKHPRVSXHVWR
'HRUR
Fig. 8.
´,Q0HPRULDPµGH/LEURGH3RHPDV
• ¢7HDWUHYHUtDVDKDFHUXQ&$/,*5$0$HQHOTXHVHUHSUHVHQWHDORVFKRSRV",QWpQWDOR
DVtHVWDUiVPiVFHUFDGHOSRHWD
3$5$'$/DVDOWHUQDWLYDV
• 'HQXHYRFHUFDGHOD+XHUWDGH69LFHQWH7XH[SHULHQFLDSHUFHSWLYDGHOD9HJDGH
*UDQDGDKDFRQFOXLGR
• 3DUDILQDOL]DUSHQVDUiVHQDOJXQDVDOWHUQDWLYDV([SHUWRV\SURIHVRUHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG
GH*UDQDGDKDQDSXQWDGRDOJXQDVLGHDVFRPRODGHLQFOXLUXQDQXHYDILJXUDGH
SURWHFFLyQ´SDUTXHDJUtFRODµHQWHQGLpQGRORFRPRHVSDFLRTXHUH~QHYDORUHVHFROyJLFRV\
VRFLDOHVDGHPiVSODQWHDQTXHODYHJDSRGUtDUHXQLUODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGH´FRUUHGRU
YHUGHµGHIRUPDTXHQRVHURPSLHUDODFRQWLQXLGDGHQWUHORVGLVWLQWRVHVSDFLRVQDWXUDOHV
TXHURGHDQD*UDQDGDGHELGRDODH[SDQVLyQFUHFLHQWHGHOPHGLRXUEDQR
• $SXQWDW~DOJXQDVRWUDVLGHDVSDUDTXHHVWHSDLVDMHVHDVRVWHQLEOHHQHOWLHPSR
• 7HUPLQDUHPHPRUDQGRODVVHQVDFLRQHVTXHWHKDSURGXFLGRHVWHLWLQHUDULR¢SD]"
¢VRUSUHVD"¢SUHRFXSDFLyQ",QWpQWDORFRQXQRVYHUVRVVHUiQWXKRPHQDMHD/RUFD
225
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV '(6&8%5,(1'2/$1$785$/(=$&(5&$1$18(67526(63$&,263527(*,'26
81$&$0,1$7$(175('260,&52(;&856,21(6,7,1(5$5,2*8,$'2325
/$'(+(6$'(/*(1(5$/,)(3$548(3(5,85%$12
2%-(7,926
o 6HQWLUVHSDUWHGHODQDWXUDOH]DFHUFDQDDODFLXGDG
&212&,0,(172635(9,26
Œ (OHFRVLVWHPDXUEDQR
Œ +DEHUUHDOL]DGRSUHYLDPHQWHORVLWLQHUDULRV\PHGLRXUEDQRGHHVWHPLVPR
FDStWXOR
0$7(5,$/(61(&(6$5,26
/XSDVWDQWDVFRPRSHUVRQDVLQWHJUHQHOJUXSRHKLORRFXHUGDGHPHWUR\PHGLR
/LEUHWD\OiSLFHVGHGLVWLQWRVFRORUHV
*XtDVGHFDPSRGHSiMDURVLQVHFWRV\RWURVLQYHUWHEUDGRV
&DO]DGRDGHFXDGRSDUDHOPRQWH
*XtDGHWUDEDMRSDUDHOLWLQHUDULRTXHLQFOX\HYDORUHVQDWXUDOHVGHO3DUTXH3HULXUEDQRGH
OD'HKHVDGHO*HQHUDOLIHDOJXQRVGDWRVKLVWyULFRVVREUHOD]RQDH[SOLFDFLRQHVSDUDODV
DFWLYLGDGHVPDSDGHOLWLQHUDULR\SDUDGDV
,1752'8&&,Ð1
(O3$548(3(5,85%$12HVXQDILJXUDGHSURWHFFLyQTXHQXHVWUDQRUPDWLYDGHILQH
FRPR´(VSDFLRVHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHVGHORVQ~FOHRVXUEDQRVHQORVTXHVHSUHWHQGHOD
RUGHQDFLyQGHVXXVRUHFUHDWLYRSDUDTXHQRVHGHWHULRUHQVXVYDORUHVQDWXUDOHV\
SDLVDMtVWLFRVµ(MHPSOR'HKHVDGHO*HQHUDOLIH6HKDSHQVDGRHQODSURWHFFLyQGHHVWDV
]RQDVQRVyORSDUDFRQVHUYDUXQWUR]RGHQDWXUDOH]DFHUFDQRDODFLXGDGVLQRWDPELpQSDUD
HOXVR\HOGLVIUXWHGHODFLXGDGDQtD(QVtPLVPRVORV3DUTXHV3HULXUEDQRVFRQVWLWX\HQXQ
IUHQRDOFUHFLHQWHIHQyPHQRGHORXUEDQRDXWpQWLFRVSXOPRQHVGHODFLXGDG\OXJDULGyQHR
SDUDPH]FODUQRVFRQHOHQWRUQRQDWXUDO
'(6$552//2
• 'DWRVGHLQWHUpV9DORUHVQDWXUDOHVGH/D'HKHVDGHO*HQHUDOLIH0LFURH[FXUVLyQ
6HQWLUQRVSDUWHGHOPHGLRQDWXUDO
• 5HFRUULGR.P
• 'XUDFLyQKRUDV
• 'LILFXOWDGEDMDPHGLDSHUILODFFLGHQWDGRFRQSHQGLHQWHDFXVDGDHQDOJXQRVWUDPRV
• 0HMRUpSRFDGHODxRSDUDUHDOL]DUOR3ULPDYHUD\2WRxR
Fig. 1.
Bosque de la
Alhambra y Dehesa
del Generalife.
226
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV
3$5$'$6 ,7,1(5$5,2
Fig. 2
3$5$'$3XHQWHGHO5H\&KLFR,QWURGXFFLyQ
• 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHOLWLQHUDULR\GHORVREMHWLYRV
• (OHQWRUQRGHOD'HKHVDGHO*HQHUDOLIHQRVyORDOEHUJDYDORUHVQDWXUDOHV\SDLVDMtVWLFRV
VLQRTXHDGHPiVHQFRQWUDPRVXQLPSRUWDQWHOHJDGRKLVWyULFRFRQHOHPHQWRVGHODpSRFD
iUDEHWDQVLQJXODUHVFRPROD$OKDPEUD(O*HQHUDOLIHUXLQDVGHSDODFLRVDOMLEHV
DOEHUFRQHV\DFHTXLDV(OSDLVDMHTXHFRQWHPSODPRVHVSURGXFWRGHOUtR'DUURTXHSRFR
DSRFRKDLGRHQFDMDQGRVXFDXFHHQWUHWHUUD]DVGHDOXYLRQHV
• (VWHFDPLQRHVWDPRVDOILQDOGH3DVHRGHORV7ULVWHVHUDXWLOL]DGRDQWLJXDPHQWHSDUD
VXELUDOFHPHQWHULRSRUODFXHVWDGHORV&KLQRVOODPDGDDVtSRUHOFRORUEODQTXHFLQRGH
ORVGLIXQWRVHQHODWDXG9HDPRVFyPRORFRQWDEDQORVPLHPEURVGHOD´FRIUDGtDGHO
$YHOODQRµOLGHUDGDSRUHOHVFULWRUÉQJHO*DQLYHWFX\RFHQWURGHUHXQLyQOLWHUDULRVH
XELFDEDHQOD~OWLPDSDUDGDGHpVWHLWLQHUDULRHQOD)XHQWHHO$YHOODQR
´'HVGHODVPHVDVGHOFDIp&ROyQTXHHUDHOSXQWRGHFLWDHQWUiEDPRVHQ3OD]D1XHYD
\VHJXtDPRVSRUODFDUUHUDGHO'DUUR(QORVEDQFRVGHO3DVHRGHORV7ULVWHVDOSLpGH
ODFXHVWDGHORVPXHUWRVVROtDKDFHUVHXQDOWR$OOtHQFRQWUiEDPRVFRQIUHFXHQFLDD
ORVFRQGXFWRUHVGHFDGiYHUHVTXHWDPELpQGHVFDQVDEDQ\0DWtDV0HQGH]OHVRIUHFtD
227
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV FLJDUULOORV\OHVHQFDUJDEDTXHFXDQGROOHJDUDVXKRUDORFRQGXMHVHQFRQPRGHUDFLyQ\
UHVSHWR1XQFDYLD*DQLYHWUHtUVHFRQPiVJDQDVTXHFXDQGRRtDORVFKLVWHVGH
0DWtDVµ'HOOLEURGH'1LFROiV0DUtD/RSH]
3$5$'$(OUtR
• $QXHVWURVSLHVGLVFXUUHHOUtRTXHGLRDJXDDODFLXGDGLEHUURPDQD,OLEHULV\DOD*DUQDWD
LVOiPLFD6XQRPEUHYLHQHGHOWpUPLQRiUDEH'DW$XUXPUtRGHRURSXHVVXVDJXDV
DUUDVWUDEDQSHSLWDVGHRUR(VHQHOVLJOR;,,,FXDQGRODFRUWHVHLQVWDODHQHVWDFROLQDGH
OD$OKDPEUDFRQVXHVWDQFLDVGHUHFUHR²*HQHUDOLIH(OUtRHQWRQFHVHVHOSULQFLSDOHMHGH
DEDVWHFLPLHQWRDODPHGLQD\DORVSDODFLRVGHOD6DELFD&XDQGR*UDQDGDHVYHQFLGDSRUORV
&ULVWLDQRVHODJXDGHOUtRVHGHVYtD\ODSREODFLyQYHQFHGRUDVHLQVWDODHQHOOODQRHQOD9HJD
$SDUWLUGHDTXtHOSURFHVRGH´DFRVRµGHOFDXFHDOHQWUDUHQODFLXGDGFRPLHQ]DHQHOVLJOR
;9,FXDQGRVHFRQVWUX\HOD$FHUDGHO'DUUR$TXtFRPLHQ]DXQDHWDSDGHRFXOWDFLyQGHOUtR
TXHDFDEDFRQHOHQWXEDPLHQWRGHILQLWLYRFXDQGRVHFRQVWUX\HOD$FHUDGHO'DUURGRQGH
GHVHPERFDHQHO*HQLO$OUHGHGRUGHOUtRODVIDPLOLDVDGLQHUDGDVGHOVLJOR;9,,IXHURQ
FRQVWUX\HQGR&iUPHQHVTXHUHFLEtDQODVDJXDVGHDTXpOFRPRDEDVWHFLPLHQWR$FWXDOPHQWH
HOUtRKDGLVPLQXLGRPXFKRVXFDXGDOSUHVHQWDQGRPXOWLWXGGHXVRVDORODUJRGHVX
UHFRUULGRDJUtFRODLQGXVWULDOGRPpVWLFRO~GLFR
3$5$'$/D'HKHVD/DPLFURH[FXUVLyQ/RVRMRVGHOERVTXH
• (VWDPRVHQOD'HKHVDGHO*HQHUDOLIH3DUTXH3HULXUEDQR(OERVTXHORSRGHPRV
HQFXDGUDUGHQWURGHODVHULH0HVRPHGLWHUUiQHDEDVyILOD\DOD6XSUDPHVLWHUUiQHD
VLOLFtFRODGHODHQFLQD(OVRWRERVTXHHVULFRHQOLDQDVDURPiWLFDVSDSLORQiFHDV
7DPELpQFRQFXUUHQRWUDVHVSHFLHVPiVWtSLFDPHQWHULEHUHxDVFRPRORVVDXFHVRORV
iODPRV\RWUDVDOyFWRQDVGHXVRRUQDPHQWDOFRPRORVDOLJXVWUHVRQDWXUDOL]DGDVFRPROD
5RELQLD$HVWDIORUDOHDFRPSDxDXQDQXWULGDIDXQDHQWRWDOHVSHFLHVDQILELRV
UHSWLOHVPDPtIHURV\DYHVSHURDGHPiVDXQTXHQRVHYHDQPLOHVGHSHTXHxRV
DQLPDOLWRVQRVREVHUYDQGHVGHVXVHVFRQGULMRV
• 9DPRVDLQYHVWLJDUODV´PLQXGHQFLDVµGHHVWHERVTXHDWUDYpVGHOD0,&52(;&856,Ð1
3DUDHOORFRORFDPRVXQDFXHUGDGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHPDUDVGHOVXHORLQFOXVRSXHGH
VXELUXQSRFRDXQPXURRSRUXQWURQFRUXJRVR'HEHPRVSURFXUDUTXHODFXHUGDSDVH
SRUOXJDUHVGLVWLQWRVFRQYDULHGDGGHIRUPDV\VHUHVGLVWLQWRVDQLPDOHVVHPLOODV
SHORV&RJHUHPRVXQDOXSDSRUSHUVRQD\OHGHGLFDUHPRVHOWLHPSRQHFHVDULRSDUD
LQVSHFFLRQDUHOUHFRUULGRPDUFDGRSRUODFXHUGD$QRWDUHPRV\GLEXMDUHPRVWRGRORTXH
YHDPRV&RPSDUWLPRVFRQWRGRHOJUXSRORTXHKHPRVGHVFXELHUWR\FRQVXOWDPRVHQODV
JXtDVGHFDPSRSDUDLGHQWLILFDUORWDPELpQVHSXHGHFRQVXOWDUHOFDStWXORVLJXLHQWH
Fig. 3. Microexcursión.
228
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV
• $FRQWLQXDFLyQEXVFDPRVSRUSDUHMDVHOOXJDUTXHPiVQRVJXVWHGRQGHPHMRUQRV
VLQWDPRVHQHVWHHQWRUQR<FRPSOHWDUHPRVODVLJXLHQWHDFWLYLGDG
¢3RUTXpKHPRVHOHJLGRHVWHVLWLR"¢4XpQRVVXJLHUH"
3RQHPRVXQQRPEUHDOOXJDU
&RQFDGDOHWUDGHOQRPEUHHOHJLGRHVFULELPRVXQDIUDVHUHIHUHQWHDOOXJDUSRU
HMHPSORVLORKHPRVGHQRPLQDGR´3D]µWHQGUpTXHHVFULELUXQDIUDVHTXHFRPLHQFH
FRQODOHWUD3RWUDFRQOD$\RWUDFRQOD=
6HJXLGDPHQWHQRVFRQYHUWLPRVHQORV´2-26'(/%2648(µSDUDHOORXQDSHUVRQD
GHODSDUHMDFXEUHDODRWUDTXHVHKDEUiWXPEDGRVREUHHOVXHORFRQODKRMDUDVFD
VyOROHGHMDODFDUDGHVFXELHUWD6HSHUPDQHFHUiDVtXQRVPLQXWRV
'HVFULELPRVQXHVWUDVVHQVDFLRQHVFRQHOUHVWRGHOJUXSR¢FyPRQRVKHPRVVHQWLGR"
¢4XpKHPRVYLVWR"¢+HPRVRtGRHOFDQWRGHDOJ~QSiMDURORKHPRVYLVWRSDVDU"
&RQVXOWDPRVODOLVWDTXHVHDGMXQWDDOILQDO\ODVJXtDVGHFDPSRGHDYHV
Fig. 4. “Los ojos del bosque” / Comentando en grupo.
3$5$'$/DDFHTXLDUHDO/DDOWXUDGHXQiUERO
• (VWDPRVMXQWRDODDFHTXLDUHDOTXHVHFRQVWUX\ySDUDOOHYDUHODJXDGHVGHHO'DUUR
KDVWDOD$OKDPEUDUDPDO\HO*HQHUDOLIHUDPDOMXQWRDHOODGLVFXUUHXQD
YHJHWDFLyQPX\LQWHUHVDQWH2WHDPRVQXHVWURDOUHGHGRUVHHOHJLUiSRUSDUHMDVXQiUERO
RDUEXVWR\VHFDOFXODUiVXDOWXUDVHJ~QHOPpWRGRTXHVHDGMXQWD
(QILODPRVXQiUEROFRQXQEROtJUDIROiSL]UDPLWDGHIRUPDTXHQRVFRLQFLGDXQ
H[WUHPRFRQODFRSD\HORWURFRQODEDVHGHOWURQFR)LJ
229
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV Fig. 5
9ROFDPRVODSXQWDGHOEROtJUDIRVLQSHUGHUODUHIHUHQFLDGHODYLVXDOGHODEDVH\SHGLPRVD
RWUDSHUVRQDTXHVHXELTXHHQODQXHYDSUR\HFFLyQGHODSXQWD)LJ6LFRQWDPRVORVSDVRV
GHVGHODEDVHGHOiUEROKDVWDODSRVLFLyQGHODRWUDSHUVRQDPLGLHQGRDUD]yQGHP ]DQFDGDSRGUHPRVVDEHUODDOWXUDGHOiUERODSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
Fig. 6
$OWXUDGHOiUERO ORQJLWXGGHHVWDGLDJRQDO
3$5$'$8QSRFRPiVGHKLVWRULD
• (VWHHUDHODQWLJXRSDVHRGHHVSDUFLPLHQWRGHORVJUDQDGLQRVHQGtDVGHILHVWD\GH
GHVFDQVRWRGDYtDKR\VHVLJXHXVDQGRFRQWDOHVILQHVUHFUHDWLYRV(UDFRVWXPEUH
GLVIUXWDUGHHVWDVYLVWDV\GHWRPDUODVDJXDVGHOD)XHQWHGHO$YHOODQRDODTXH
OOHJDUHPRVHQODVLJXLHQWHSDUDGD$HOODVHOHDWULEXtDQSURSLHGDGHVPHGLFLQDOHV3DUD
VXGLVWULEXFLyQVXUJHQORV$*8$'25(6SHUVRQDVTXHODVWUDQVSRUWDEDQHQUHFLSLHQWHV
VREUHVXVHVSDOGDVRVREUHODVDOIRUMDVGHEXUURV
• )UHQWHDQRVRWURVVHDEUHXQDSDQRUiPLFDGHO6DFURPRQWHEDUULRWURJORGLWDTXHGDWDGH
ODpSRFDGHOD5HFRQTXLVWD&XDQGR,VDEHO\)HUQDQGROOHJDURQD*UDQDGDTXLVLHURQKDFHU
GHpOXQD´9tD6DFUDµSRUHOORKD\DOJXQDVFUXFHVGHSLHGUDHQVXFDPLQRSULQFLSDODVt
FRPRHGLILFLRVUHOLJLRVRVFRPROD$EDGtDGHO6DFURPRQWH
• $QXHVWURVSLHVHOUtR'DUURYDDFRPSDxDGRGHGRVIUDQMDVODWHUDOHVGHYHJHWDFLyQ
ULSDULDVDXFHVFKRSRV]DU]DVWUHSDGRUDVDOWHUQDQGRFRQFXOWLYRV\FRUWLMRVRFDVDV
GHUHFUHR
3$5$'$/D)XHQWHGHO$YHOODQR0LFURH[FXUVLyQ
• -XQWRDHVWDIXHQWHVHUHXQtD/D&RIUDGtDGHO$YHOODQR5HFXUULPRVQXHYDPHQWHDORV
HVFULWRVGHDTXHOODpSRFD
´/OHJDGRVDOD)XHQWHGHO$YHOODQR\VHQWDGRVHQHODPSOLRPXUHWHTXHODFLUFXQGD
HPSH]DEDODWHUWXOLD*DQLYHWOOHYDEDHOGLDSDVyQHLPSULPtDHOFDUiFWHUµ
230
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV
• 3HGLPRVDODJHQWHTXHVHVLHQWHQHQVHPLFtUFXORHQHOEDQFRGHSLHGUDIUHQWHDOD
IXHQWH\FRQWLQXDPRVFRQORVWH[WRVGHODpSRFD
´/D&RIUDGtDGHO$YHOODQRIXHVHQFLOODPHQWHXQDUHXQLyQGHDPLJRV1XQFDWXYR
GRPLFLOLR1LUHJODPHQWR(OSUHVLGHQWHQDWRIXH*DQLYHW(QVXVHVWUXFWXUDH[WHULRU
VHDVHPHMDDODVDFDGHPLDVKHOpQLFDV6HQWDGRVHQVHPLFtUFXORDOUHGHGRUGHXQD
QDWXUDOIXHQWHEDMRXQGRVHOGHiODPRV\DYHOODQRVVHGHSDUWtDFRQVHUHQLGDG\
HOHYDFLyQHQVHQWLGRJUDQDGLQRTXHVDEHFRPELQDUODVHULHGDGGHORVDVXQWRVFRQHO
LQJHQLR\ODJUDFLD6HRtDDWRGRVDOYLHMR\DOMRYHQDOJUDYH\DOGtVFROR\QRVH
GHFtDQPiVWRQWHULDVTXHODVHQWHUDPHQWHSUHFLVDVSDUDGHVFRQJHVWLRQDUXQSRFRHO
DPELHQWHSRpWLFRGHOSDLVDMHµ
'HO/LEURGH'1LFROiV0DUtD/ySH]
• (QVLOHQFLRLQWHQWDPRVFDSWDUHVHDPELHQWH´SRpWLFRµDOTXHDOXGHQORVWH[WRV6L
REVHUYDPRVHOHQWRUQRYHUHPRVORVDYHOODQRVTXHGDQQRPEUHDODIXHQWH2EVHUYDPRV
ODVKRMDVHOWURQFRORVIUXWRVHWF
+RMD
)ORUHVPDVFXOLQDVHQDPHQWRV
$YHOODQR&RU\OXVDYHOODQDFRQODVKRMDVFDtGDV
Fig. 7
)UXWR
• &RPR~OWLPDDFWLYLGDGKDFHPRV
RWUDPLFURH[FXUVLyQHQWRUQRDOD
)XHQWHGHO$YHOODQR7RPDUHPRV
QRWDGHODGLYHUVLGDGGHIRUPDV
TXHKHPRVYLVWRDOJDVKHOHFKRV
LQVHFWRVOtTXHQHVPXVJRV
JUDPtQHDVHWFSDUDOXHJR
FRPHQWDUORFRQHOJUXSR
,QWHQWDPRVTXHOD
PLFURH[FXUVLyQDEDUTXHHO
LQWHULRUGHODIXHQWHODVSDUHGHV
\HOVXHORGHDOUHGHGRU1RV
D\XGDUHPRVGHODVJXtDVGH
FDPSRVLHVQHFHVDULR
)XHQWHGHO$YHOODQRFRQODLQVFULSFLyQHQKRPHQDMH
D*DQLYHW\DOD&RIUDGtDGHO$YHOODQR
Fig. 8
231
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV • 3DUDILQDOL]DUQRVGLVSRQHPRVDKDFHUXQDWHUWXOLD6HQWDPRVDOJUXSRHQVHPLFtUFXOR
QXHYDPHQWHFRPRKDFtDOD´&RIUDGtDGHOD)XHQWHGHO$YHOODQRµSDUDVXVWHUWXOLDV
OLWHUDULDV\RSLQDPRVVREUHHOHVWDGRHQTXHKHPRVHQFRQWUDGRHVWHSDUDMH
¢(VWiOLPSLR\FXLGDGR"
¢+HPRVGHWHFWDGRDOJXQDFRVDTXHQRGHEHUtDHVWDUDTXt"
¢/DYHJHWDFLyQHVODDGHFXDGD"
¢3HQVDPRVTXHHOFDXGDOGHODIXHQWHHVHOPLVPRTXHHQHOVLJORSDVDGR"¢SRUTXp"
¢5HVSHWDQODVHGLILFDFLRQHVODVHUYLGXPEUHGHSDVRTXHGLFWDODOH\GHDJXDV"
¢&yPRQRVKHPRVVHQWLGRHQHVWHHQWRUQR"¢HVSDUWHQXHVWUDVRPRVSDUWHGHpO"
2%6(59$&,21(6
• 3DUDKDFHU´ORVRMRVGHOERVTXHµHVUHFRPHQGDEOHFXEULUVHFRQXQSOiVWLFRFKXEDVTXHUR
RVLPLODUHVSHFLDOPHQWHODFDEH]D$VtHYLWDPRV´ELFKLWRVµPROHVWRV
/26621,'26'(/$6$9(6
(VSHFLH9R]
• &HUQtFDORSULPLOOD)DOFRQDXPDQQL FKLNHWFKHN
• 3DORPDWRUFD]&ROXPEDSDOXPEXV FRJXFFXJXX
• 7yUWRODFRP~Q6WUHSWRSHOLDWXUWXU FXUUXUU
• 3DORPDGRPpVWLFD&ROXPEDGRPHVWLFXV XXUXPFXX
• 3HUGL]FRP~Q$OHFWRULVUXID FKDFFKDFDUFKDFFKDF
• $XWLOOR2WXVVFRSV TXLXTXLXX
• $EXELOOD8SXSDHSRSV SXSXSXW
• &XFR&XFXOXVFDQRUXV FXFFXX
• $ORQGUDFRP~Q$ODXGDDUYHQVLV FKLUUXS
• &RJXMDGDFRP~Q*DOHULGDFULVWDWD JXLLWLL
• 8UUDFD3LFDSLFD FKDFFKDFFKDFFKDF
• $UUHQGDMR*DUUXOXVJODQGDULXV VFUDFFF
• (VWRUQLQRQHJUR6WXUQXVXQLFRORU FKLLHUWVLWVLVRLWWVLRRR
• $ORQGUDFRP~Q/DQLXVVHQDWRU FKRFFKRF
• &DUERQHURFRP~Q3DUXVPDMRU WFKHUWFKHUWVLWVLWVL
• +HUUHULOORFRP~Q3DUXVFDHUXOHXV WVLWVLWVLFKHGFKHG
• 0LUORFRP~Q7XUGXVPHUXOD FKLQFFKLQFFKLQFFKXXXF
• 3HWLUURMR(ULWKDFXVUXEHFXOD WLFWLFWVLSWWVLVVLSW
• 5XLVHxRUFRP~Q/XVFLQLDPHJDUK\QFKRV XXLWWDFWXFRUUU
• &XUUXFDFDSLURWDGD6\OYLDDWULFDSLOOD WHFWHF
• 0RVTXLWHURFRP~Q3K\OORVFRSXVFROO\ELWD \XLXLWWXXLW
• -LOJXHUR&DUGXHOLVFKORULV WVLJHOLWD\XLWVLIIWVLII
• 9HUGHFLOOR6HUHQLXVVHUHQLXV VLELSELSVLELSFKLFKLFKL
• 3LQ]yQYXOJDU)ULQJLOODFRHOHEV SLQFVXLS
• *RUULyQFRP~Q3DVVHUGRPHVWLFXV FKLLSFKLVVLV
• /DYDQGHUDEODQFD0RWDFLOODDOED WVLWVL
232
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV
9$/25$02618(67526+80('$'(6/$/$*81$'(/3$'8/(681+80('$/
'(,17(5,25,7,1(5$5,2*8,$'2
2%-(7,926
o 'DUDFRQRFHUORVYDORUHVQDWXUDOHVODKLVWRULD\ODSUREOHPiWLFDDPELHQWDOGHOKXPHGDO
&212&,0,(172635(9,26
Œ )DXQD\IORUDDXWyFWRQDVQLYHOEiVLFR
Œ 1RFLRQHVGHRUQLWRORJtDQLYHOEiVLFR
Œ 2ULHQWDFLyQ&DStWXOR,
0$7(5,$/(61(&(6$5,26
3ULVPiWLFRV\WHOHREMHWLYRFRQWUtSRGH
&XDGHUQRGHFDPSR\OiSL]
*XtDVGHIORUD\IDXQDHVSHFLDOPHQWHGHSODQWDVGHKXPHGDOHVDQILELRV\DYHV
%U~MXOD
&DO]DGRDGHFXDGRSDUDHOPRQWH
*XtDGHWUDEDMRSDUDHOLWLQHUDULRTXHLQFOX\HIRUPDFLyQJHROyJLFDGHOD]RQDYDORUHV
QDWXUDOHVKLVWRULD\SUREOHPiWLFDDFWXDOH[SOLFDFLRQHVTXHVHGDUiQDORODUJRGHODV
GLVWLQWDVSDUDGDVTXHVHSODQWHDQ\XQPDSDWRSRJUiILFRGHOOXJDUFRQHOLWLQHUDULR\ODV
SDUDGDVPDUFDGDV
,1752'8&&,Ð1
6HJ~QGDWRVGHOD'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH2EUDV+LGUiXOLFDVODPLWDGGHQXHVWURV
KXPHGDOHVKDQVXIULGRDOWHUDFLRQHVRGHJUDGDFLyQHQODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDV/DUHFDOLILFDFLyQ
GHOVXHORODURWXUDFLyQSDUDXVRDJUtFRODODXUEDQL]DFLyQFUHFLHQWHODFRQWDPLQDFLyQ«
WRGRVVRQIDFWRUHVTXHVRPHWHQDXQHVWUpVFUHFLHQWHQXHVWURVKXPHGDOHVFRVWHURV\GH
LQWHULRU/DV]RQDVK~PHGDVVRQPX\SURGXFWLYDVSDUDODKXPDQLGDGDSRUWDQGRDOHQWRUQR
DGHPiVYDORUHVSDLVDMtVWLFRV\GHELRGLYHUVLGDG&RQFLHQFLDUQRVVREUHODQHFHVLGDGGH
FRQVHUYDFLyQGHHVWRVHVSDFLRVHVXQDWDUHDXUJHQWH
(VWHLWLQHUDULRSUHWHQGHVHQVLELOL]DUVREUHHOKXPHGDOGHLQWHULRUPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHOD
SURYLQFLDGH*UDQDGDPRVWUDUVXJUDQYDORUHFROyJLFR\FRPSUREDUHOLPSDFWRTXHOD
HVSHFLHKXPDQDYLHQHHMHUFLHQGRVREUHpO
'(6$552//2
• 'DWRVGH,QWHUpV%LRGLYHUVLGDGGHXQKXPHGDO´(URVLyQDFHOHUDGDµSURYRFDGDSRUORV
XVRV\JHVWLyQGHODHVSHFLHKXPDQD
• 5HFRUULGR.PDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHSHQGLHQGRGHSRVLEOHVGHVYtRVSDUDDYLVWDPLHQWR
GHDYHV
• 'XUDFLyQKRUDV
• 7LSRORJtDGHOWHUUHQR3ODQDVLQSHQGLHQWHVDOJXQD]RQDHQFKDUFDGD
• 'LILFXOWDG%DMD
• 0HMRUpSRFDGHODxRSDUDUHDOL]DUOR3ULPDYHUD\2WRxR
233
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV 3$5$'$
3$5$'$
3$5$'$
3$5$'$
3$5$'$
3$5$'$
3$5$'$
3$5$'$
Fig. 1. Mapa del itinerario a seguir y de las sucesivas paradas.
234
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV
3$5$'$3DUTXHGHOSXHEORGHO3DGXOMXQWRDOOHWUHURTXHLQGLFD´7XUEHUDVµ
• 3UHVHQWDFLyQGHOLWLQHUDULRREMHWLYRVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOPLVPRGXUDFLyQUHFRUULGR
HWFHQWUHJDGHOPDWHULDOJXtDGHWUDEDMRSULVPiWLFRV\EU~MXODV
• ,QWURGXFFLyQDORVYDORUHVHFROyJLFRVGHODV]RQDVK~PHGDVFRQHVSHFLDOUHOHYDQFLDHQHO
VXUSHQLQVXODUGRQGHPDQWLHQHQODELRGLYHUVLGDG
• &RPHQ]DPRVHOLWLQHUDULRVLJXLHQGRODGLUHFFLyQTXHPDUFDHOOHWUHUR´7XUEHUDVµ
6DOGUHPRVGHOFDVFRXUEDQRKDFLDOD6HJXQGD3DUDGDHQHOWUD\HFWRSHGLPRVDODJHQWH
TXHVHILMHHQFyPRYDDLUFDPELDQGRHOSDLVDMHODYHJHWDFLyQIUXWDOHVKRUWDOL]DV
HWF«\ODIDXQDWRPDUiQQRWDGHWRGRHOORHQHOFXDGHUQRGHFDPSR
• 3RGHPRVLUREVHUYDQGRDOJXQDDYLIDXQDTXHLUiFDPELDQGRDPHGLGDTXHGHMDPRVHO
SXHEOR\QRVDGHQWUDPRVHQHOKXPHGDO$VtSULPHURYHUHPRVHVSHFLHVDVRFLDGDVDO
PHGLRDQWUySLFRFRPRJRUULRQHVFRPXQHV\PROLQHURVSDORPDVGRPpVWLFDVJRORQGULQDV\
DYLRQHVDFRQWLQXDFLyQHVSHFLHVGHORVIUXWDOHV\KXHUWDVGHODSHULIHULDFRPR
HVWRUQLQRVFRQXQVLOELGRFDUDFWHUtVWLFR\PX\JUHJDULRVYHUGHFLOORVJHQHUDOPHQWHHQ
EDQGDGDVPLUORVWDPELpQFRQXQFDQWRLQFRQIXQGLEOHMLOJXHURV«HWF/DVFDVDVQRV
YDQDEDQGRQDQGRODVHVSHFLHVFXOWLYDGDVYDQGHMDQGRSDVRDXQDIORUDPiVQDWXUDO
• 'HMDUHPRVTXHODJHQWHGHVFXEUDHVWDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQSDXODWLQDLQFOXVRLQFLWDUHPRVD
TXHLQYHVWLJXHQORTXHWLHQHQIUHQWHDVXVRMRVDWUDYpVGHOUHIUDQHURSRSXODUGHOD]RQD
´(VHO~QLFRDQLPDO´$TXtYLQRXQFLUXMDQR
TXHFRQXQSLpDKDFHUOHODFRUWHVtD
FDPLQDPDOµHOHQIHUPRTXHGyVDQR
\HOYLYRSHUGLyODYLGDµ
´ÓQLFRSRUWHUR´3RUODFDOOHDEDMRYHQJR
\VRORLQTXLOLQRFRQPLVSDWLWDVSHODGDV
WXFDVDUHGRQGDFXDQGRFDQWRVHJXLGLOODV
ODOOHYDVFRQWLJRµWRGRVPHGDQERIHWDGDVµ
(/&$5$&2/(/02648,72
´<RWHQJRXQDVYHFLQLWDV´(VWXGLDQWHTXHHVWXGLDEDV
TXHFHUFDGHPLYHQWDQDHQHOOLEURGH0RLVpV
KDQSHJDGRVXFDVLWDPHGLUiVFXDOHVHODYH
\VRQWDQPDGUXJDGRUDVTXHVHYD\KDGHYROYHUµ
TXHPHGHVSLHUWDQFDQWDQGR
WDQSURQWROOHJDODDXURUDµ
/$6*2/21'5,1$6
´/DUJDODUJDFRPRXQDVRJD´6R\\HUEDWLWLULWHUD
<WLHQHGLHQWHVGHOREDµTXHPHVXERDODSDUHG
HFKRODVFDVDVDEDMR
¢TXpFRVDFRVLWDHV"µ
/$=$5=$/$+,('5$
235
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV ´(QFLPDKXHVR´&LHQ\FLHQKLMRVWLHQH
GHEDMRTXHVRµ\DWRGRVPDQWLHQHµ
/$18(=/$+,*8(5$
´6R\PDGUH´9HUGHFRPRXQORUR
HKLMRVQRWHQJREUDYDFRPRXQWRURµ
VR\ERVTXH
\DQLQJXQRDOEHUJRµ
/$0$'5(6(/9$/$257,*$
0HDSDOHDQHQHOFDPSR&DSDWHQJR
PHHVWUXMDQHQHOPROLQRKRMDDQFKD
\GHPLVOiJULPDVWDQWDVVLQRIORUH]FR
VDOHXQFDOGLWRPX\ILQRQRPHVHFR
/$2/,9$/$0$/9$
3$5$'$9LVWDSDQRUiPLFDGHODODJXQDGHOSXHEOR\GHODSHULIHULDGH6LHUUD1HYDGD
3DUDXQDSDQRUiPLFDDPSOLDVXELUHPRVXQSRFRKDFLDODVLHUUDDODGHUHFKDGHOFDPLQR
• &RQD\XGDGHODEU~MXODRULHQWDPRVHOPDSD\PDUFDPRVDOJXQRVKLWRVGHORVTXHHVWDPRV
GLYLVDQGRIDOODGH1LJHODV²0RQXPHQWR1DWXUDO&DQWHUDVGHO3DGXO«7UD]DPRV
YLVXDOHV\QRVRULHQWDPRVUHVSHFWRDGRVSXQWRVGHORVHOHJLGRVHVWRQRVGDUiHOSXQWR
H[DFWRGRQGHQRVHQFRQWUDPRVSDUDWRGRHOORPLUDU&DStWXOR,
• (QFXDGUHGHOOXJDUHVWDPRVHQODYHUWLHQWH62GHO3DUTXH1DWXUDOGH6LHUUD1HYDGD
VREUHODFXHQFDHQGRUUpLFDGHORV//DQRVGH0DUFKHQD(OSDLVDMHTXHFRQWHPSODPRVHV
HOKXPHGDOGHLQWHULRUPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHODSURYLQFLDGH*UDQDGDSHURGHELGRDOD
GHJUDGDFLyQSURJUHVLYDDODTXHVHKDYLVWRVRPHWLGRpVWHKXPHGDOTXHGDFDPXIODGD
VXULTXH]DYDULHGDG\VLJQLILFDGRHFROyJLFR7HQGUtDPRVTXHDKRQGDUHQOD*HRORJtDGHOD
]RQDSDUDFRPSUHQGHUHORULJHQGHODGHSUHVLyQ(QUHDOLGDGHVXQDIRVDWHFWyQLFD
UHOOHQDGHPDWHULDOHVSOLRFXDWHUQDULRVHQWHUDPHQWHURGHDGDGHVLHUUDV'HELGRDORV
DSRUWHVGHOUtR'XUFDOVHFLHUUDKDFLDHO6XUSHURVHKDDELHUWRDpVWHQLYHOGHIRUPD
DUWLILFLDO3RFRDSRFRHOUtR'XUFDOIXHDFXPXODQGRPDWHULDOHVDVXVDOLGDGHODVLHUUD\
ODVDJXDVVXEWHUUiQHDVLQLFLDURQODGLVROXFLyQNiUVWLFDTXHGDQGRFRQIRUPDGD
GHILQLWLYDPHQWHODODJXQD6REUHHOODFUHFLyYHJHWDFLyQHVSHFtILFDGH]RQDVK~PHGDV
(VWRMXQWRDORVDSRUWHVGHODVEDUUDQTXHUDVTXHYLHQHQDPRULUDODGHSUHVLyQ
SURGXMHURQXQDJUDQDFXPXODFLyQGHPDWHULDRUJiQLFDTXHVHIXHFXEULHQGRFRQDUFLOODV
DUHQDV\PDUJDV(VWRVGHSyVLWRVIXHURQDIHFWDGRVSRUXQSURFHVRGHIRVLOL]DFLyQHQ
UHDOLGDGGHFDUERQL]DFLyQLQFRPSOHWDGDQGRRULJHQDODWXUED(OUHVXOWDGRHVXQVXHOR
GHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFDVL~QLFDVHQ$QGDOXFtD
236
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV
3$5$'$$FWXDFLRQHVDORODUJRGHODKLVWRULD
• (QHOVLJOR;9,,,ORVFRQGHVGHO3DGXOFRPLHQ]DQODGHVHFDFLyQ6HSUHWHQGtDSRUXQ
ODGRHUUDGLFDUHOSDOXGLVPRGHELGRDTXHHUDXQD]RQDHQGpPLFDGHODHQIHUPHGDG
WUDQVPLWLGDSRUHOPRVTXLWR$QRSKHOHV\SRURWURURWXUDUQXHYDVWLHUUDVSDUDOD
DJULFXOWXUD3DUDHOORXWLOL]DQFDQDOHVGHGUHQDMHDORVTXHORVOXJDUHxRVOHVOODPDQ
PDGUHV(QpVWHSHULRGRODWXUEDVHH[SORWDWHVWLPRQLDOPHQWH
• /RVVLJORVSRVWHULRUHVKDVWDODIHFKDVHFDUDFWHUL]DQSRUFRQWLQXDUSDXODWLQDPHQWHHO
SURFHVRGHGHVHFDFLyQ
• (QODGpFDGDGHORVDxRVVHSURGXFHXQDIXHUWHHPLJUDFLyQGHODV]RQDVUXUDOHV
DODVXUEHVDEDQGRQiQGRVHORVFXOWLYRV\QRLQFLGLHQGRFRQQLQJXQDDFWXDFLyQVREUHORV
GUHQDMHV7RGRHOORSURYRFDHODXPHQWRGHOQLYHOSLH]RPpWULFR\ODDSDULFLyQGHVHFWRUHV
LQXQGDGRVGHFDUiFWHUFODUDPHQWHSDQWDQRVR
• 6HDFHQW~DODH[SORWDFLyQGHODWXUEDSDUDODUHJHQHUDFLyQGHVXHORV\HO
DSURYHFKDPLHQWRHQHUJpWLFROLJQLWRDXQTXHHOSRGHUFDORUtILFRGHpVWHHVEDMR
• $FWXDOPHQWHODWXUEDVHVLJXHH[WUD\HQGRSHURVyORSDUDUHJHQHUDFLyQGHVXHORV3HVH
DOFRQWLQXRLQWHQWRGHGHVHFDFLyQODVXSHUILFLHSDQWDQRVDHQHODxRHUDGH+D
DFWXDOPHQWHVXEHD+DVHJ~QORVHVWXGLRVGHOD&RQVHMHUtDGH0HGLR$PELHQWH(OOR
VHGHEHDTXHKD\XQKXQGLPLHQWRSURJUHVLYRGHOD]RQD1RUWHGHOD'HSUHVLyQ
• 6LGLYLVDPRVODSDQRUiPLFDYHPRVTXHKD\XQHOHYDGRGHVXSHUILFLHFXOWLYDGDYHU
)LJPX\IUDJPHQWDGD\GHSHTXHxDSURSLHGDGDOJXQDV\DQLVHFXOWLYDQ7DPELpQVH
REVHUYDQODV´PDGUHVµDWUDYHVDUHOKXPHGDO/DVSDUFHODVVDOYDMHVLQFXOWDVVRQ
LQYDGLGDVHQVHJXLGDSRUGLVWLQWDVKHUEiFHDVHQIXQFLyQGHODKXPHGDGGHOVXHOR
SDVWL]DOHVMXQFRV\FDUUL]DOHV,QWHQWDPRVKDFHUHVTXHPDGHORTXHYHPRV
3XHEOR
GHO3DGXO
$UERODGR
31GH6LHUUD1HYDGD
&DQWHUDV
&XOWLYRVHQLQWHQVLYR
2OLYDUGHUHJDGtR
+HUEiFHDVFRQUHJDGtR
=RQDLQXQGDGD
2OLYDU\IUXWDO
GHVHFDQR
Fig. 2. Silueta aproximada de la laguna del Padul.
237
'HVFXEULHQGRHOHQWRUQRDWUDYpVGHORVVHQWLGRV 3$5$'$9HJHWDFLyQ
• (QOD'HSUHVLyQODYHJHWDFLyQQDWXUDOHVWiFRQGLFLRQDGDSRU
$FLGH]$OFDOLQLGDG
&DQWLGDGGH2[tJHQRGLVXHOWRHXWURIL]DFLyQ
3URIXQGLGDGGHODJXD\FDQWLGDGGHOX]TXHODDWUDYLHVD
1XWULHQWHVVDOHVPLQHUDOHV
3HULRGRVGHGHVHFDFLyQ\GXUDFLyQGHHVRVSHULRGRV
• /RVHVWXGLRVSROtQLFRVKHFKRVHQODODJXQDKDQSRVLELOLWDGRUHFRQVWUXLUODKLVWRULDGHORV
ERVTXHVGHOD,EHULDWD[RQHVGHOWHUFLDULRFRPR-XJODQVVHKDFRPSUREDGRVX
H[LVWHQFLD
• $FWXDOPHQWHODYHJHWDFLyQTXHYHPRVVHGLVSRQHVHJ~QXQD]RQDFLyQ&XDQGRVHDFXPXOD
VXILFLHQWHVXVWUDWRVXHOR\HOQLYHOIUHiWLFRGHVFLHQGHSRUGHEDMRGHDTXHOGRPLQDOD
YHJHWDFLyQWtSLFDGHWXUEHUD
•
'HPHQRUDPD\RUJUDGRGHKXPHGDGGLVWLQJXLPRVODVVLJXLHQWHVFRPXQLGDGHVYHJHWDOHV
$ 3$67,=$/(6'(',(17(<35$'26-81&$/(6
D /DVHVSHFLHVGRPLQDQWHVVRQ-XQFXV6FLUSXV\6SDUJDQLXP
E 6LORVVXHORVVRQGXURV\KD\SDVWRUHRVHLQVWDODQ7ULIROLXPWUpERO\&\QRGXP
F
6LORVVXHORVSUHVHQWDQXQDEXHQDHVWUXFWXUDFLyQGHKRUL]RQWHVWLHQHQSRFRV
QLWUDWRV\FRQVXILFLHQWHKXPHGDGHOMXQFDOFHGHVXSXHVWRD%UDFK\SRGLXP
SKRHQLFRLGHV
G (QUHDOLGDGDTXtVHLQVWDODEDFRPRYHJHWDFLyQSRWHQFLDOODTXHGHEHUtDGH
KDEHUODVVHULHVGHOROPRGHOiODPREODQFR\ODGHOVDXFHGHKRMDHVWUHFKDGH
PHQRVDPDVKXPHGDGHGiILFDUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH(VWDRUGHQDFLyQOD
HQFRQWUDPRVPX\GHJUDGDGDSRUORVP~OWLSOHVFXOWLYRVGHVFULWRV
% &2081,'$'(6+(/2),7$6
D 6RQSODQWDVKHUEiFHDVFRQ\HPDVSHUVLVWHQWHVVLWXDGDVHQHOIDQJRGHDJXDV
SHUPDQHQWHVRWHPSRUDOHV3UHVHQWDQWDOORVKRMDV\IORUHVFRPSOHWDPHQWHIXHUD
GHODJXD5HSUHVHQWDGDVSRUORVFDUUL]DOHV\HQHDOHV1HFHVLWDQVXHORVK~PHGRV
VLHPSUH\VRQFDSDFHVGHUHVLVWLUGHVHFDFLRQHVFRUWDV7RGRVHVWRVFDUUL]RV\
HVSDGDxDVHVWiQFLUFXQGDGRVSRUDSLRV$SLXP\EHUURV1DVWXUWLXP
& &2081,'$'(6$&8$7,&$6
D $TXtGLVWLQJXLPRVHQWUH
+LGURVWDWLRQ&RQVWLWXLGRSRUSODQWDVHQUDL]DGDVHQHOIRQGRFX\RVyUJDQRVGH
DVLPLODFLyQHVWiQHQFRQWDFWRFRQHODJXD(QWUHODVDOJDVKD\TXHPHQFLRQDUHO
JpQ&KDUDTXHDFRPSDxDDORV3RWDPRJHWRQ$FWXDOPHQWHVRQFRPXQLGDGHVPX\
DOWHUDGDVSRUODFRQWDPLQDFLyQ\ODVFRQWLQXDVGHVHFDFLRQHV
3OHRQ(VODYHJHWDFLyQPDFURVFySLFDQRHQUDL]DGDRVXVSHQGLGDHQHODJXD
$~QTXHGDDOJXQDHQODODJXQDSHURODPD\RUtDVHKDH[WLQJXLGRVHUPX\
VHQVLEOHDODFRQWDPLQDFLyQGHSHVWLFLGDV\IHUWLOL]DQWHV
3$5$'$9$5,$6)DXQD2EVHUYDPRVHOLPSDFWRFDXVDGRSRUODWXUEHUD
• /DODJXQDHVXQD]RQDLGyQHDSDUDTXHVHGHHOSURFHVRGHIRVLOL]DFLyQFRQIDFLOLGDG$Vt
VHKDQHQFRQWUDGRUHVWRVGH0DPPXWKXVSULPLJHQLXVGHODV~OWLPDVJODFLDFLRQHV/RV
PDPtIHURVQRVRQORDQLPDOHVPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVGHOKXPHGDODXQTXHSRGHPRVVHxDODU
ODSUHVHQFLDGH]RUURVUDWDVGHDJXDWHMRQHVHLQVHFWtYRURVFRPRPXVDUDxDV\HUL]RV
6LDGTXLHUHQJUDQUHOHYDQFLDHQFDPELRHOJUDQJUXSRGHODVDYHVOD6(2RUJDQL]D
FDPSDxDVGHDQLOODGDSHULyGLFDPHQWH
238
Descargar