Cap 45- Gestión forestal adaptativa en Menorca

Anuncio
Adaptación
J. Domingo
Ingeniero de Montes. Profesional independiente
Correo electrónico: jose.domingo.idm@gmail.com
45
Gestión forestal adaptativa en Menorca
Resultados clave
‡ 6H UHTXLHUH HO XVR GH FULWHULRV GH JREHUQDQ]D \
SDUWLFLSDFLyQ SDUD KDFHU HIHFWLYD XQD JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO
VRVWHQLEOHVREUHHOWHUULWRULR
‡'HEHQHODERUDUVHSODQHVGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDODGDSWDWLYRV
DODKRUTXLOODGHLQFHUWLGXPEUHVSODQWHDGDSRUHOFDPELR
FOLPiWLFR
‡ /D JHVWLyQ GHEH FRQWHPSODU GH IRUPD VLPXOWiQHD ORV
ULHVJRVHLPSDFWRVVREUHHOPHGLRIRUHVWDO
‡ (V QHFHVDULR GLVSRQHU GH LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV
GH VHJXLPLHQWR SDUD ¿MDU XQD SODQL¿FDFLyQ VLOYtFROD
ÀH[LEOHHQFXDQWRDODWHPSRUDOLGDG\RLQWHQVLGDGGHODV
DFWXDFLRQHVVHOYtFRODVSURJUDPDGDV
Contexto
(O FOLPD GH ODV GLIHUHQWHV UHJLRQHV HVWi
H[SHULPHQWDQGR LPSRUWDQWHV DOWHUDFLRQHV D XQD PD\RU
YHORFLGDG GH OR HVSHUDGR 6XV HIHFWRV HQ FXDQWR D
SUHFLSLWDFLyQ WHPSHUDWXUD YHORFLGDG GHO YLHQWR \
HYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQSRWHQFLDOQRSDUHFHQVHJXLUODPLVPD
WHQGHQFLD HQ WRGDV ODV UHJLRQHV GHO SODQHWD 3RU OR TXH
UHVSHFWDDODFXHQFDPHGLWHUUiQHDORVSDWURQHVFOLPiWLFRV
QRHVWiQGHOWRGRFODURV1RREVWDQWHHQHOLQIRUPHGHO
DxRGHO3DQHO,QWHUJREHUQDPHQWDOVREUHHO&DPELR
&OLPiWLFR VH HVWDEOHFH TXH ORV PRGHORV FOLPiWLFRV
GHWHUPLQDQ GH PDQHUD XQiQLPH XQ LQFUHPHQWR GH ODV
WHPSHUDWXUDV HQ HO PHGLWHUUiQHR PLHQWUDV SUHVHQWDQ
GLYHUJHQFLDVHQFXDQWRDODVSUHYLVLRQHVGHSUHFLSLWDFLyQ
3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D OD LVOD GH 0HQRUFD H[LVWHQ GDWRV
UHJLVWUDGRVUHIHUHQWHVDODVSUHFLSLWDFLRQHVDQXDOHVGHVGH
HODxRKDVWDODDFWXDOLGDG'LFKRVUHJLVWURVKDQVLGR
XWLOL]DGRV SDUD HVWDEOHFHU FDGD DxRV OD SUHFLSLWDFLyQ
PHGLDDQXDOGHORV~OWLPRVUHJLVWURV(QGLFKDVPHGLDV
DQXDOHV VH KD FRQVWDWDGR XQD UHGXFFLyQ GHO GH OD SUHFLSLWDFLyQ PHGLD DQXDO UHJLVWUDGD HQWUH ORV
SHULRGRV\3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDD
ODVWHPSHUDWXUDVVHFRQVWDWDXQDWHQGHQFLDDODO]DGHODV
WHPSHUDWXUDVPHGLDVDQXDOHVGH0HQRUFDSDUDHOSHULRGR
FRPSUHQGLGRHQWUH\3RUORWDQWRKR\HQGtD
HOFDPELRFOLPiWLFRHVXQRGHORVSULQFLSDOHVUHWRVDQLYHO
JOREDO GH OD FLHQFLD IRUHVWDO (Q HO FDVR GH 0HQRUFD HO
FDPELRFOLPiWLFRHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHWDQWRSDUD
HO PHGLR QDWXUDO FRPR SDUD OD HFRQRPtD GH OD LVOD 3RU
OR TXH UHVSHFWD D OD HFRQRPtD GH OD LVOD XQ LQFUHPHQWR
GHODVWHPSHUDWXUDVSXHGHJHQHUDUXQDSpUGLGDLPSRUWDQWH
GH WXULVPR SRWHQFLDO \ PRGL¿FDU VXVWDQFLDOPHQWH HO
DFWXDO PRGHOR DJUtFROD GH 0HQRUFD $WHQGLHQGR DO
PHGLRIRUHVWDOHVGHHVSHUDUXQDPD\RUJUDYHGDGGHORV
LPSDFWRVQHJDWLYRVSUHVHQWHV\XQDPD\RUYXOQHUDELOLGDG
\FDQWLGDGGHULHVJRVDORVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDVRPHWLGDOD
PDVD IRUHVWDO 3RU OR WDQWR HV QHFHVDULR HVWDEOHFHU XQD
JHVWLyQ GH ORV ERVTXHV GH OD LVOD LQWHQWDQGR FRQVHUYDU
OD ELRGLYHUVLGDG H[LVWHQWH \ IRPHQWDQGR XQD PD\RU
UHVLOLHQFLDGHORVHFRVLVWHPDVDQWHORVSUHYLVLEOHVFDPELRV
GHULYDGRVGHODEDQLFRGHSRVLEOHVHVFHQDULRVTXHSODQWHD
HOFDPELRFOLPiWLFR
/D LVOD GH 0HQRUFD DO LJXDO TXH HO UHVWR GH OD
FXHQFDPHGLWHUUiQHDHVWiVRPHWLGDDQXPHURVRVULHVJRV
HLPSDFWRVDPELHQWDOHV(QWUHORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVFDEH
GHVWDFDUHOULHVJRGHSDGHFHULQFHQGLRVIRUHVWDOHV\RHO
ULHVJR GH HURVLyQ KtGULFD \ HyOLFD 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD
D ORV LQFHQGLRV IRUHVWDOHV HQ ORV ERVTXHV GH 0HQRUFD
SUHGRPLQDXQPRGHORGHFRPEXVWLEOHRHQODHVFDOD
GH 5RWKHUPHO (OOR XQLGR DO DEDQGRQR GH FXOWLYRV \
DFWLYLGDGHVWUDGLFLRQDOHVGHDSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHPDGHUDV
OHxDV\SDVWRVHQWUHRWUDVDFWLYLGDGHVFRPELQDGRFRQOD
H[LVWHQFLD GH QXPHURVDV XUEDQL]DFLRQHV FROLQGDQWHV D
ORVERVTXHVGHODLVODFUHDVLWXDFLRQHVGHDOWRULHVJRGH
493
LQFHQGLRDxRWUDVDxR$GHPiVDOFRLQFLGLUKDELWXDOPHQWH
SHULRGRVGHVHTXtDSURORQJDGDFRQODpSRFDGHPD\RUHV
WHPSHUDWXUDV DPELHQWDOHV VH SURGXFH XQD SpUGLGD
LPSRUWDQWHGHKXPHGDGHQODSURSLDFXELHUWDIRUHVWDOFRQ
ORFXDOVHLQFUHPHQWDQRWDEOHPHQWHODLQÀDPDELOLGDGGHO
SURSLRFRPEXVWLEOH\SRUORWDQWRHOULHVJRGHLQFHQGLR
$VtPLVPRDSHVDUGHTXH0HQRUFDWLHQHXQD¿VLRJUDItD
JHQHUDOPHQWHVXDYHXRQGXODGDH[LVWHQQXPHURVDVFROLQDV
HQODSDUWHFHQWUDOGHODLVODFRQIXHUWHVSHQGLHQWHV\HOHYDGR
ULHVJRGHHURVLyQSRWHQFLDO$GHPiVDTXHOODVODGHUDVFRQ
RULHQWDFLyQQRUWHHVWiQH[SXHVWDVDORVIXHUWHVYLHQWRVGH
WUDPRQWDQD ORV FXDOHV VRQ UHODWLYDPHQWH IUHFXHQWHV HQ
LQYLHUQR3RURWURODGRVHGHWHFWDQRWURVPXFKRVULHVJRV
HLPSDFWRVTXHFDEHJHVWLRQDU\SRUORWDQWRFRPEDWLU\
SUHYHQLU (QWUH HOORV VH HQFXHQWUD OD YXOQHUDELOLGDG GH
SDUWH GH ORV ERVTXHV GH OD LVOD D VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV
KtGULFR(VSHFLDOPHQWHVHQVLEOHVSDUHFHQVHUORVHQFLQDUHV
RULHQWDGRVDOVXUVREUHVXHORGHOSHULRGR7ULiVLFR3HWUXV
'LFKD YXOQHUDELOLGDG SURGXFH XQD SpUGLGD GH OD
HVSHVXUD GH OD FRSD GHO DUERODGR GXUDQWH ORV PHVHV GH
YHUDQR\XQDHOHYDGDPRUWDOLGDGGHOUHJHQHUDGRH[LVWHQWH
$VtPLVPRODWHQGHQFLDDODEDMDHQFXDQWRDOUpJLPHQGH
OOXYLDV2EVHUYDWRULR6RFLRDPELHQWDOGH0HQRUFD
HOLQFUHPHQWRGHODHYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQGHODUERODGRSRU
HODXPHQWRGHODVWHPSHUDWXUDVGH&DVWURHWDO\
ODVIUHFXHQWHVVHTXtDVHVWLYDOHVHVWiJHQHUDQGRFDGDYH]
FRQPD\RUIUHFXHQFLDODPXHUWHGHHQFLQDVFRQVWLWX\HQGR
SHTXHxRVJROSHVGHQWURGHODPDVDIRUHVWDO2WURSUREOHPD
LPSRUWDQWHHVODIDOWDGHUHJHQHUDGRHQJUDQSDUWHGHODV
PDVDVDUERODGDVGHODLVODGHELGRDXQDHOHYDGDIUDFFLyQGH
FDELGDFXELHUWD)FFDUEXVWLYD'HQVLGDGHVGHVRWRERVTXH
TXH LPSOLTXHQ XQD )FF DUEXVWLYD VXSHULRU DO VXHOH
GHVHPERFDUHQGH¿FLHQFLDVPX\LPSRUWDQWHVEULQ]DOHVGH
FRQtIHUDV\IURQGRVDVGHELGRDXQDFRPSHWHQFLDH[FHVLYD
SRUDJXD\QXWULHQWHVHQpSRFDVGHVHTXtD\DGHPiVHQ
HOFDVRGHORVHMHPSODUHVGHSLQRFDUUDVFRWDPELpQSRUOD
OX] (Q FXDQWR D ODV SODJDV IRUHVWDOHV FDEH GHVWDFDU ODV
IUHFXHQWHV H LQWHQVDV SODJDV GHO OHSLGySWHUR GHIROLDGRU
Lymantria dispar /.HQORVHQFLQDUHVGH0HQRUFD'LFKD
HVSHFLHGLVSRQHGHXQFLFORELROyJLFRGLIHUHQWHDOH[LVWHQWH
HQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFDDOGLVSRQHUGHRDxRVFRQWLQXRV
FRQXQDHOHYDGDGHQVLGDGGHLymantria disparVHJXLGRGH
R DxRV FRQ PHQRU GHQVLGDG GH SREODFLyQ (QWUH ORV
~OWLPRVDxRVFDEHGHVWDFDUHODxRGRQGHHOGH
ORVHQFLQDUHVGHODLVODKDQOOHJDGRDVXIULUDOJ~QWLSRGH
GHIROLDFLyQ\HQHOGHODPDVDGHHQFLQDUVHSURGXMR
XQDGHIROLDFLyQWRWDO$GHPiVORVERVTXHVGHODLVODVXIUHQ
IUHFXHQWHPHQWH OD LQYDVLyQ GH HVSHFLHV H[yWLFDV WDOHV
FRPR Alianthus altisima R Carpobrotus edulis$OJXQDV
GHHVWDVHVSHFLHVLQYDVRUDVHVWiQSHUMXGLFDQGRVHULDPHQWH
ODV SREODFLRQHV GH RWUDV HVSHFLHV GH ÀRUD HQGpPLFDV
GH 0HQRUFD FRPR ODV SREODFLRQHV GH Anthyllis hystrix
:LLN&DUGRQD&RQWDQGULRSRXORV6LHUUD)LQDOPHQWH
VH GHWHFWD XQD VREUHH[SORWDFLyQ \ FRQWDPLQDFLyQ SRU
QLWUDWRV GH ORV DFXtIHURV GH OD LVOD GHELGR DO PRGHOR
HFRQyPLFR GH 0HQRUFD \ ODV GH¿FLHQFLDV H[LVWHQWHV HQ
JUDQ SDUWH GH ODV LQVWDODFLRQHV DJUtFRODV \ JDQDGHUDV GH
ODLVOD7RGRVORVLPSDFWRVGHVFULWRVXQLGRVDODEDQGRQR
GHFXOWLYRVHVWiQJHQHUDQGRUiSLGDPHQWHXQDSpUGLGDGH
ELRGLYHUVLGDGSDLVDMtVWLFDLPSRUWDQWHTXHFDEHFRPEDWLU
Adaptación
Elaboración de unas directrices de Gestión Forestal
Sostenible (GFS)(y adaptativa) para la adaptación al
cambio climático
$QWH ODV LQFHUWLGXPEUHV VRFLRHFRQyPLFDV \
DPELHQWDOHV SODQWHDGDV SRU ORV SRVLEOHV HVFHQDULRV GH
FDPELR FOLPiWLFR HQ 0HQRUFD VH HVWi IRPHQWDQGR D
WUDYpV GHO &RQVHOO ,QVXODU GH 0HQRUFD \ GHO SURJUDPD
/,)(PHGLDQWHHOSUR\HFWR/,)(%26&26XQPRGHOR
GHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOVRVWHQLEOH\ÀH[LEOHDODVH[LJHQFLDVGH
FDGDPRPHQWR3DUDHOORVHKDQHODERUDGRXQDVGLUHFWULFHV
GH *)6 IXQGDPHQWDGDV HQ ORV &ULWHULRV 3DQHXURSHRV GH
*)6 D HVFDOD LQVXODU 'LFKDV GLUHFWULFHV HVWiQ EDVDGDV
HQ XQ DQiOLVLV GHWDOODGR GHO PHGLR QDWXUDO GH OD LVOD \
FRQRFLPLHQWRVWpFQLFRVPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUHV(QVXIDVHGH
HODERUDFLyQKDKDELGRXQDSDUWLFLSDFLyQPXOWLVHFWRULDOGH
DJHQWHVS~EOLFRV\SULYDGRVLPSOLFDGRVHQODJHVWLyQGHO
PHGLRQDWXUDOGHODLVODDVtFRPRXQFRPLWpFLHQWt¿FR\GH
VHJXLPLHQWR 3DUDUD KDFHU DGDSWDWLYDV GLFKDV GLUHFWULFHV
GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO D ODV FRQGLFLRQHV VRFLRHFRQyPLFDV \
DPELHQWDOHV GH OD UHJLyQ VH SURFHGH D VX HYDOXDFLyQ \
UHYLVLyQSHULyGLFDPHQWH
&RPLWpFLHQWt¿FR\GHVHJXLPLHQWR
$PERVFRPLWpVWLHQHQXQSDSHOIXQGDPHQWDOHQ
ODDGDSWDFLyQGHORVERVTXHVGH0HQRUFDDQWHORVSRVLEOHV
HVFHQDULRV GH FDPELR FOLPiWLFR 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD DO
FRPLWp FLHQWt¿FR KD WHQLGR FRPR ¿QDOLGDG DVHJXUDU XQ
UHVXOWDGRH[FHOHQWHHQHOGLVHxRGHODVSURSLDVGLUHFWULFHV
\GHORVSODQHVGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDODGDSWDWLYRVDOFDPELR
Figura 1.
Figura 1. 5HXQLyQGHOFRPLWpFLHQWt¿FRSDUDGHEDWLUODVPHGLGDVDLPSODQWDUHQORVSODQHVGDVRFUiWLFRVDGHVDUUROODU
)XHQWH3UR\HFWR/,)(%26&26/,)((19(
494
FOLPiWLFR 'LFKR FRPLWp HVWi IRUPDGR SRU XQ HTXLSR
PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU GH H[SHUWRV HQFDUJDGRV GH DVHVRUDU HQ
GLIHUHQWHVDVSHFWRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHOPHGLRIRUHVWDO\
HOFDPELRFOLPiWLFR)LJXUD
3RU RWUR ODGR HO FRPLWp GH VHJXLPLHQWR KD
FRODERUDGRHQHOGHVDUUROORGHORVREMHWLYRVHVSHFt¿FRV
2E( \ ODV PHGLGDV LPSODQWDGDV HQ ODV SURSLDV
GLUHFWULFHVGHDGDSWDFLyQGHORVERVTXHVGH0HQRUFDDO
FDPELR FOLPiWLFR 'LFKR FRPLWp VH HQFXHQWUD IRUPDGR
SRUUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGHODVGLIHUHQWHVDGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVGH
ODLVODDVtFRPRLQVWLWXFLRQHVFLHQWt¿FDVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV
QRJXEHUQDPHQWDOHVDJHQWHVVRFLDOHVGHOVHFWRUIRUHVWDO
\SURSLHWDULRV\JHVWRUHVIRUHVWDOHVGH0HQRUFD
Diseño de planes de gestión forestal adaptativos al
cambio climático
(QVXGLVHxRVHKDRSWDGRSRUODUHGDFFLyQGH
SODQHVGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOVLPSOL¿FDGRVFRQRFLGRVFRPR
3ODQHV 'DVRFUiWLFRV FRQ XQD YLJHQFLD FRPSUHQGLGD
HQWUH \ DxRV \ XQD RUGHQDFLyQ SRU URGDOHV
'LFKD YLJHQFLD SHUPLWH SODVPDU XQD JHVWLyQ VHOYtFROD
GHO PRQWH FRQWURODQGR OD KRUTXLOOD GH LQFHUWLGXPEUHV
VRFLRHFRQyPLFDV \ DPELHQWDOHV GHULYDGDV GHO FDPELR
FOLPiWLFR )LJXUD 3ODQHV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO FRQ
YLJHQFLDV VXSHULRUHV SXHGHQ JHQHUDU SODQWHDPLHQWRV
HUUiWLFRVJUDYHVGDGRTXHQRHVSRVLEOHFRQRFHUDFLHQFLD
FLHUWD FyPR YDQ D LU HYROXFLRQDQGR DOJXQDV YDULDEOHV
HFRQyPLFDV VRFLDOHV \ DPELHQWDOHV GH OD UHJLyQ (Q HO
FDVRGH0HQRUFDODDFWLYLGDGWXUtVWLFDOD3ROtWLFD$JUDULD
&RP~QRODFOLPDWRORJtDVRQYDULDEOHVGHGLItFLOSUHGLFFLyQ
DODUJRSOD]R3RURWURODGRORVSODQHVGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDO
UHGDFWDGRVLQFOX\HQXQDQiOLVLVGHWDOODGRGHOFOLPDDFWXDO
\GHODVSUHYLVLRQHVIXWXUDVFOLPiWLFDVGHODLVOD$VtSXHV
DSDUWHGHDQDOL]DUVHORVSDUiPHWURVFOLPiWLFRVKDELWXDOHV
LQFOXLGRVHQFXDOTXLHUSODQGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOVHDQDOL]DQ
RWUDVYDULDEOHVFRPRODHYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQRODYHORFLGDG
GHOYLHQWR6HFRQVLGHUDDODHYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQXQIDFWRU
YLWDO SDUD HVWDEOHFHU XQD VHOYLFXOWXUD GH DGDSWDFLyQ HQ
Figura 2.
Figura 2. *HVWLyQIRUHVWDODGDSWDWLYDDORVHVFHQDULRVGHFDPELRFOLPiWLFR
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
ORV ERVTXHV GH 0HQRUFD SXHVWR TXH HV FODYH D OD KRUD
GHYDORUDUODYXOQHUDELOLGDGGHODVHVSHFLHVIRUHVWDOHVD
VLWXDFLRQHVGHHVWUpVKtGULFR3RURWURODGRODYHORFLGDG
GHO YLHQWR HV RWUR SDUiPHWUR PX\ D WHQHU HQ FXHQWD
GDGRORVDEXQGDQWHVGDxRVVXIULGRVDxRWUDVDxRSRUOD
DFFLyQGHOYLHQWRGHWUDPRQWDQDHQPDVDVVLQWDQJHQFLD
GH FRSDV FRQ RULHQWDFLyQ QRUWH 2WUR DVSHFWR D WHQHU
HQ FXHQWD HQ ORV SODQHV UHGDFWDGRV HV XQ DQiOLVLV PX\
GHWDOODGRGHORVULHVJRVHLPSDFWRVDORVTXHVHHQFXHQWUD
H[SXHVWD OD PDVD D RUGHQDU 6H WUDWD GH GHWHUPLQDU VX
RULJHQ ELyWLFRDELyWLFR HO WLSR GH ULHVJR R LPSDFWR
GHWHUPLQDUVXSHOLJURVLGDGHQHOFDVRGHXQULHVJRDOWD
PRGHUDGD R EDMD GHWHUPLQDU VX JUDGR GH SUHVHQFLD
HQ HO FDVR GH XQ LPSDFWR DOWR PRGHUDGR R EDMR XQ
SURQyVWLFRGHHYROXFLyQQDWXUDOGHOULHVJRRLPSDFWRXQD
EUHYHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHOPLVPR\VLHVSRVLEOHXQPDSD
GRQGHTXHGHUHÀHMDGRHOULHVJRRLPSDFWRHQFXHVWLyQ(Q
FXDQWRDODIDVHGHSODQL¿FDFLyQGHORVSODQHVGHJHVWLyQ
IRUHVWDOHQFDPLQDGRVDODDGDSWDFLyQVHKDLQWURGXFLGR
XQDSDUWDGRGRQGHVHDQDOL]DQODVFRQGLFLRQHVVHOYtFRODV
JHQHUDOHVSRUWLSRGHIRUPDFLyQIRUHVWDOH[LVWHQWHGHQWUR
GHOPRQWHDRUGHQDU(QGLFKRDSDUWDGRVHPDUFDQXQDV
GLUHFWULFHV JHQpULFDV D VHJXLU TXH VHUiQ HVSHFL¿FDGDV
HQOD¿FKDGHFDGDURGDO(VWDVGLUHFWULFHVJHQpULFDVVH
HQFXHQWUDQ IXQGDPHQWDGDV HQ ODV GLUHFWULFHV GH *)6
HODERUDGDV\HQXQDVFXUYDVWHyULFDVHODERUDGDVPHGLDQWH
/LRFRXUWGHPi[LPDGHQVLGDGPi[LPDYLWDOLGDG\FXUYD
LGHDOSDUDFDGDWLSRGHIRUPDFLyQDUERODGDH[LVWHQWHHQ
HO PRQWH RUGHQDGR 6X GLVHxR VH KD IXQGDPHQWDGR HQ
UHFRPHQGDFLRQHVELEOLRJUi¿FDVSDUDPDVDVHQVLWXDFLyQ
GH Pi[LPD GHQVLGDG \ Pi[LPD YLWDOLGDG 0RQWR\D
0HVyQ XQ HVWXGLR FLHQWt¿FR HQ FXDQWR D OD
YXOQHUDELOLGDG D VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV KtGULFR GH ORV
ERVTXHV GH 0HQRUFD 3HWUXV UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV
WpFQLFDV GH JUXSRV GH H[SHUWRV DVSHFWRV UHODFLRQDGRV
FRQODFOLPDWRORJtDGHODLVODDVSHFWRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQ
ODV SURSLHGDGHV HGDIROyJLFDV GH 0HQRUFD \ DQiOLVLV GH
URGDOHVGHORVERVTXHVGH0HQRUFDFRQEXHQDYLWDOLGDG
HQSHULRGRVGHVHTXtDSURORQJDGD
495
Seguimiento mediante indicadores ambientales
7DQWR ORV REMHWLYRV JHQHUDOHV 2E* FRPR ORV
REMHWLYRVRSHUDWLYRV2E2WLHQHQVXVSURSLRVLQGLFDGRUHV
DPELHQWDOHV GH VHJXLPLHQWR )LJXUD 'LFKRV
LQGLFDGRUHVKDQGHVHUIiFLOHVGHFDOFXODUHFRQyPLFRV\
GHEHQSHUPLWLUFRQRFHUGLIHUHQWHVSDUiPHWURVGHODPDVD
DJURIRUHVWDOFRQOD¿QDOLGDGGH
3HUPLWDQVHUFDOFXODGRVUiSLGDPHQWHVLQQHFHVLGDG
GHXQWUDEDMRGHFDPSR\RJDELQHWHH[KDXVWLYR
1RVHUHTXLHUDJHQHUDOPHQWHXQDIRUPDFLyQWpFQLFD
SDUDVXFiOFXOR
(YDOXDUHOJUDGRHQTXHVHDOFDQ]DQORV2E*\2E2
GHOSURSLRSODQGHJHVWLyQ
)OH[LELOL]DUODVDFWXDFLRQHVVHOYtFRODVHQFXDQWRD
LQWHQVLGDGGHWUDWDPLHQWRRWHPSRUDOLGDG
$\XGHQ D UHGH¿QLU R FRQ¿UPDU ODV PHGLGDV
LPSODQWDGDV \ ORV REMHWLYRV HVSHFt¿FRV GH ODV
'LUHFWULFHVGH*)6UHGDFWDGDV
6XSDWUyQGHFiOFXORVHUiGLIHUHQWHHQWUHDTXHOORV
GH¿QLGRV SDUD HYDOXDU ORV 2E* \ DTXHOORV HVWDEOHFLGRV
SDUD HYDOXDU ORV 2E2 3RU XQ ODGR ORV LQGLFDGRUHV
DPELHQWDOHVGHVHJXLPLHQWRSURSLRVGHORV2E*GHEHUiQ
VHUFDOFXODGRVMXVWRDQWHVGHHMHFXWDUVHHOSODQ\XQDYH]
FXPSOLGDVXYLJHQFLD3RURWURODGRORVLQGLFDGRUHVGH
VHJXLPLHQWRSURSLRVGHORV2E2GHEHUiQVHUFDOFXODGRV
MXVWRDQWHVGHLQLFLDUVHHOSODQ\UHYLVDGRVXQDRYDULDV
YHFHVDORODUJRGHODYLJHQFLDGHOSODQ$VtPLVPRFDGD
XQR GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV GH VHJXLPLHQWR SURSLRV GH ORV
2E2 GLVSRQH GH XQ SHUtRGR GH FiOFXOR LQGHSHQGLHQWH
UHVSHFWRDOUHVWRGHLQGLFDGRUHVGHVHJXLPLHQWR
Riesgos e impactos a gestionar
/RV SODQHV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO GHVDUUROODGRV
HVWDEOHFHQXQDJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOGRQGHDGHPiVGHSUHYHQLU
LPSDFWRVVHFRUULJHQDTXHOORV\DSUHVHQWHVTXHLPSLGHQ
R OLPLWDQ OD FDSDFLGDG GH DOFDQ]DU XQR R YDULRV GH ORV
2E* HVWDEOHFLGRV (Q OD IDVH GH DQiOLVLV \ GLDJQyVWLFR
GHO PRQWH SXHGH GHWHFWDUVH YDULRV ULHVJRV H LPSDFWRV
GHPDQHUDVLPXOWDQHDHQXQPLVPRPRQWH\URGDO3RU
ORWDQWRUHVXOWDHVSHFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHHVWDEOHFHUXQ
RUGHQ MHUiUTXLFR HQ FXDQWR D ORV REMHWLYRV HVSHFt¿FRV
GHO SURSLR SODQ \ VHU WHQLGRV HQ FXHQWD HQ OD GLYLVLyQ
Figura 3.
Figura 3.5HODFLyQHQWUH'LUHFWULFHVGHJHVWLyQ\SODQGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDODGDSWDWLYR
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
GDVRFUiWLFD GHO PRQWH D RUGHQDU 8QD YH] FRQRFLGD HO
RUGHQ GH SULRULGDGHV GHO URGDO VH HVWDEOHFHUiQ XQRV
REMHWLYRV RSHUDWLYRV D FXPSOLU GHQWUR GH FDGD URGDO
SODVPDGRVPHGLDQWHODSODQL¿FDFLyQVHOYtFROD
(QORVURGDOHVGRQGHODSUHYHQFLyQGHLQFHQGLRV
IRUHVWDOHV WLHQH XQD JUDQ LPSRUWDQFLD VH SURJUDPDQ
DFWXDFLRQHVVHOYtFRODVYHU¿JXUDHQFDPLQDGDVD
5HDOL]DFLyQHQWUDPRVORQJLWXGLQDOHVHVWUDWpJLFRV
GHOPRQWHPDVDVDGHKHVDGDVGH4XHUFXVLOH[FRQ
IUDQMDV GH PDWRUUDO GH )FF YDULDEOH IRUPDQGR
SHTXHxRVJROSHVDLVODGRV
,QWURGXFLU HQ WUDPRV HVWUDWpJLFRV HQFLQD
PLFRUUL]DGD IRUPDQGR IUDQMDV ORQJLWXGLQDOHV TXH
KDJDQODIXQFLyQGHFRUWDIXHJRVQDWXUDO
496
7UDQVIRUPDUiUHDVFRQXQPRGHORGHFRPEXVWLEOH
HQ iUHDV FRQ XQ PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH R 5RWKHUPHOHWDO
7UDQVIRUPDUiUHDVFRQXQPRGHORGHFRPEXVWLEOH
HQ iUHDV FRQ XQ PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH 5RWKHUPHOHWDO
5HFXSHUDFLyQ GH FXOWLYRV DEDQGRQDGRV GHQWUR GH
JUDQGHVPDVDVIRUHVWDOHVFRQOD¿QDOLGDGGHFUHDU
GLVFRQWLQXLGDGHVHVSDFLDOHV)LJXUD
$SURYHFKDPLHQWRGHSDVWRVFRQJDQDGRYDFXQR\
HTXLQR
&UHDUWUHVDQLOORVFRQEDMDFDUJDGHFRPEXVWLEOH\
DQFKXUD YDULDEOH HQ OD LQWHUID] XUEDQRIRUHVWDO GH
Q~FOHRVXUEDQL]DGRV\YLDOHV
(OLPLQDU OD WRWDOLGDG GH OD )FF DUEXVWLYD HQ ORV
ODWHUDOHV GH ORV PXURV GH SDUHG VHFD KDVWD XQD
VHSDUDFLyQGHYHFHVODDOWXUDGHOPXUR
8QD HOHFFLyQ ySWLPD GH ORV WUDWDPLHQWRV
VHOYtFRODVDLQWURGXFLUHQODViUHDVGHOPRQWHFRQULHVJR
GH LQFHQGLR IRUHVWDO \ XQD PHWRGRORJtD GH WUDEDMR
DGHFXDGD D\XGDUDQ D UHGXFLU QRWDEOHPHQWH ORV GDxRV
HURVLYRV GHULYDGRV GH ORV WUDEDMRV VHOYtFRODV D HMHFXWDU
\DVXYH]UHGXFLUiPX\VLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHHOULHVJRGH
HURVLyQSRWHQFLDOTXHWHQGUiHOiUHDWUDWDGD
3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D OD YXOQHUDELOLGDG D
VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV KtGULFR HO DUERODGR GH FRQtIHUDV
Pinus halepensis HV PiV UHVLVWHQWHV TXH ODV IURQGRVDV
Quercus ilex\Olea europaeaYDUsylvestris$GHPiV
GLFKD YXOQHUDELOLGDG GH ODV IURQGRVDV VXHOH DFHQWXDUVH
HQ DTXHOORV HMHPSODUHV SURFHGHQWHV GH UHEURWH
$WHQGLHQGR D HOOR HQ DTXHOORV URGDOHV GRQGH H[LVWH XQ
ULHVJR VLJQL¿FDWLYR GH HVWUpV KtGULFR R \D KD\ VLJQRV
GH GHFDLPLHQWR GHO DUERODGR SpUGLGD GH IURQGRVLGDG
GH FRSD SXQWLVHFDGR HWF VH DSOLFDQ WUDWDPLHQWRV
VHOYtFRODV HQFDPLQDGRV D PDQWHQHU XQD HVWUXFWXUD
GH PRQWH PL[WR LUUHJXODU \ D VHU SRVLEOH IRUPDGD SRU
SLHV SURFHGHQWHV GH VHPLOOD \ QR GH UHEURWH $GHPiV
VH IRPHQWD XQ GRVHO DUERODGR D GRV DOWXUDV GRQGH ODV
HVSHFLHV FRQ PD\RU UHVLVWHQFLD D VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV
KtGULFR FRQVWLWX\DQ HO GRVHO VXSHULRU PLHQWUDV TXH HO
UHVWRGHHVSHFLHVFRQPD\RUVHQVLELOLGDGDVLWXDFLRQHVGH
HVWUpVKtGULFRFRQVWLWX\DQHOVHJXQGRGRVHODUERODGR/D
GHQVLGDGGHSLHVVHJ~QHVSHFLHGHSHQGHUiGHODFDOLGDG
GHHVWDFLyQ\GHODVLWXDFLyQGHSDUWLGDGHOPRQWH3DUD
HVWDEOHFHUXQDHVWUXFWXUDLGHDOGHODPDVDVHSURJUDPDQ
DFWXDFLRQHVVHOYtFRODVHQFDPLQDGDVDDOFDQ]DUXQDFXUYD
LGHDO WHyULFD HVWDEOHFLGD HQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV VHOYtFRODV
JHQHUDOHV &RQ HOOR VH SUHWHQGH FRSLDU OD HVWUXFWXUD GH
DTXHOODV ]RQDV IRUHVWDOHV FRQ XQD HVWUXFWXUD LUUHJXODU
TXH GH IRUPD QDWXUDO QR SUHVHQWDQ XQ GHFDLPLHQWR HQ
SHULRGRVSURORQJDGRVGHVHTXtD2WUDPHGLGDLPSRUWDQWH
SDUD FRPEDWLU VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV KtGULFR HV UHGXFLU
OD HYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQ SRWHQFLDO GH ORV HMHPSODUHV FRQ
VLJQRV HYLGHQWHV GH GHFDLPLHQWR PHGLDQWH SRGDV \
UHVROYHRV (Q HO FDVR GH ORV UHVROYHRV VH DSOLFD FRPR
UHJODJHQHUDOUHGXFLUHQXQHOiUHDEDVLPpWULFDGHORV
FKLUSLDOHVGHFDGDFHSDGHMDQGRHQSLHVLHPSUHDTXHOORV
PiVYLJRURVRV\GHFRSDPiVHVSHVDFRQOD¿QDOLGDGGH
SURGXFLUVHPLOOD
$VtPLVPRLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHFXDOHVVHDQ
ORVULHVJRVHLPSDFWRVDFRPEDWLUVHLQWHQWDJHQHUDOPHQWH
Figura 4.
)XHQWH,QVWLWXWR%DOHDUGHOD1DWXUDOH]D
Figura 4. 3DLVDMHDJURIRUHVWDOSURSLRGH0HQRUFDFRQPHGLGDVSUHYHQWLYDVGHLQFHQGLRVIRUHVWDOHV(OFRUWDIXHJRVGHOD]RQDFHQWUDOVLUYHSDUDFUHDU
XQD]RQDVLQFRQWLQXLGDGYHUWLFDO\KRUL]RQWDO(OFXOWLYRD\XGDDPDQWHQHUHOPRVDLFRDJURIRUHVWDOGHODLVODFUHDQGRPDVDVIRUHVWDOHVGLVFRQWLQXDV
PDQWHQHUXQD)FFDUEyUHDFRPSUHQGLGDHQWUHHO\HO
\ QR DSOLFDU WUDWDPLHQWRV VHOYtFRODV TXH UHGX]FDQ
HQ PiV GH XQD WHUFHUD SDUWH HO iUHD EDVLPpWULFD LQLFLDO
'H HVWD PDQHUD VH HYLWDQ LQWHUYHQFLRQHV VHOYtFRODV
H[FHVLYDPHQWH IXHUWHV TXH SXHGDQ SRQHU HQ SHOLJUR OD
SHUVLVWHQFLD\HVWDELOLGDGGHODPDVD
3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D DTXHOORV URGDOHV FRQ
H[FHVLYD GHQVLGDG GH VRWRERVTXH VH IRPHQWD HO XVR
SULQFLSDOPHQWHGHJDQDGRHTXLQR\ERYLQRSDUDFRQWURODU
VX)FF\PDQWHQHUODSRUGHEDMRGHO/DPHWRGRORJtD
VXHOHVHU
(VWDEXODFLyQ WHPSRUDO GHO JDQDGR HQ HO PRQWH
VH FRQVLJXH XQ UiSLGR FRQWURO GHO VRWRERVTXH VL
VHXWLOL]DXQDHOHYDGDFDUJDJDQDGHUD/DWpFQLFD
FRQVLVWH HQ ]RQL¿FDU HO PRQWH H LU PRYLHQGR
SHULyGLFDPHQWHHOJDQDGRGHXQD]RQDDRWUD
8VR GHO PRQWH FRPR GRUPLGHURV REOLJDU DO
JDQDGR D GRUPLU HQ iUHDV FRQFUHWDV GHO PRQWH
JHQHUD XQ FRQWURO LPSRUWDQWH GHO VRWRERVTXH
SXHVWR TXH HO JDQDGR VXHOH GRUPLU HQ JUXSRV \
VXHOH HVWDU WXPEDGR YDULDV KRUDV HQ HO PLVPR
OXJDU
*DQDGR HQ VHPLOLEHUWDG PDQWHQLHQGR XQD FDUJD
JDQDGHUDySWLPDGXUDQWHODUJRVSHULRGRVRLQFOXVR
GHPDQHUDSHUPDQHQWH
(VFRJHU XQD WpFQLFD X RWUD SDUD FRQWURODU HO
VRWRERVTXH YHQGUi GH¿QLGD SRU HO REMHWLYR TXH WHQJD
PDUFDGR HO URGDO (Q HO FDVR GH ULHVJR GH LQFHQGLR
FXDOTXLHUDGHODVWUHVRSFLRQHVVHUtDYiOLGDPLHQWUDVVL
VHSUHWHQGHD\XGDUDOUHJHQHUDGRGHHVSHFLHVDUERODGDV
ODRSFLyQWHUFHUDVHUtDODPiVDGHFXDGD
497
3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D DTXHOORV URGDOHV GRQGH
DSDUHFHQ HVSHFLHV H[yWLFDV VH SURJUDPDQ DFWXDFLRQHV
VHOYtFRODV HQFDPLQDGDV D VX HUUDGLFDFLyQ PHGLDQWH VX
DUUDQFDGRGHVGHODUDt]
Replanteo de objetivos y medidas
8QD YH] FRQFOXLGD OD YLJHQFLD GHO SODQ GH
JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO VH SURFHGHUi D OD HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV
2E*PDUFDGRVHQHOSURSLRSODQ&ULWHULRV3DQHXURSHRV
GH *HVWLyQ )RUHVWDO 6RVWHQLEOH (Q FDVR GH TXH OD
EDWHUtD GH LQGLFDGRUHV GH VHJXLPLHQWR XWLOL]DGD LQGLTXH
HO FXPSOLPLHQWR WRWDO GH ORV 2E* GHO SODQ QR VHUi
QHFHVDULR UHDOL]DU FDPELRV VXVWDQFLDOHV HQ OD UHYLVLyQ
GHO SODQ 1R REVWDQWH JHQHUDOPHQWH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV
DPELHQWDOHV PDUFDUDQ XQ FXPSOLPLHQWR SDUFLDO GH ORV
2E*\SRUORWDQWRVHUiQHFHVDULRUHSODQWHDUVHHOPRGHOR
GHJHVWLyQORV2E(ORV2E2\ODSODQL¿FDFLyQVHOYtFROD
SDUD UHFRQGXFLU OD VLWXDFLyQ \ DVt DOFDQ]DU SOHQDPHQWH
ORV2E*HQHOVLJXLHQWHSODQGDVRFUiWLFR$VtPLVPROD
HMHFXFLyQ GH ORV SODQHV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO SHUPLWLUiQ
UHGH¿QLURFRQ¿UPDUWDQWRORVREMHWLYRVHVSHFt¿FRVFRPR
ODV PHGLGDV LPSODQWDGDV HQ ODV SURSLDV GLUHFWULFHV GH
*)6DGDSWDWLYDVDOFDPELRFOLPiWLFR
Recomendaciones para su aplicación
3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D ODV GLUHFWULFHV VH
UHFRPLHQGDVXGHVDUUROORDHVFDODFRPDUFDOGDGRTXHODV
FRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHVHFRQyPLFDV\VRFLDOHVSXHGHQ
SUHVHQWDU GLIHUHQFLDV VLJQL¿FDWLYDV HQWUH FRPDUFDV
FHUFDQDV$VtPLVPRODVGLUHFWULFHVGHEHUtDQGHLQFOXLU
DVSHFWRV GH JREHUQDQ]D \ SDUWLFLSDFLyQ \ VHJXLU ORV
FULWHULRV GH ODV FRQIHUHQFLDV LQWHUPLQLVWHULDOHV GH
SURWHFFLyQGHORVERVTXHVGH(XURSD
HO SUR\HFWR /,)(%26&26 /,)((19(
SXHGHQVHUXQDEXHQDUHIHUHQFLDVREUHODTXHGHVDUUROODU
ORVSODQHVGHFDGDFRPDUFDRUHJLyQ
(Q FXDQWR D ORV LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV HV
UHFRPHQGDEOH HVWDEOHFHU GHVGH HO VHUYLFLR FRPSHWHQWH
HQJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOGHODFRPXQLGDGDXWyQRPDXQOLVWDGR
GHLQGLFDGRUHVDPELHQWDOHVGHVHJXLPLHQWRSDUDHYDOXDU
ORV 2E* \ RWUR SDUD HYDOXDU ORV 2E2 GH FDGD SODQ GH
JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO 'H FDGD XQR GH ORV OLVWDGRV GHEHUtD
HVFRJHUVH DTXHOORV LQGLFDGRUHV TXH SHUPLWDQ UHDOL]DU
XQD PHMRU HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV REMHWLYRV SODQWHDGRV FRQ
HOPHQRUFRVWHSRVLEOHVLHPSUHWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXH
FDGDREMHWLYRDHYDOXDUGHEHUtDVHUPHGLGRSRUGRVRPiV
LQGLFDGRUHV/DUD]yQSRUODFXDOHVLQWHUHVDQWHGLVSRQHU
GHGRVOLVWDGRVFHUUDGRVGHLQGLFDGRUHVDPELHQWDOHVSDUD
HVFRJHUFXDOHVXWLOL]DUHQODHYDOXDFLyQGHORVREMHWLYRV
GHFDGDSODQHVODGHGLVSRQHUGHXQYROXPHQLPSRUWDQWH
GHLQIRUPDFLyQKRPRJpQHDTXHSHUPLWDWRPDUGHFLVLRQHV
DFHUWDGDVDODKRUDGHHYDOXDUODVGLUHFWULFHVGH*)6GHOD
SURSLDFRPDUFDRUHJLyQ3DUDDVHJXUDUXQDEXHQDFDOLGDG
GH ORV GDWRV JHQHUDGRV SRU ORV LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV
GH VHJXLPLHQWR HV PX\ LPSRUWDQWH IDFLOLWDU SDUD FDGD
LQGLFDGRU DPELHQWDO XQD KRMD GH PHWDGDWRV GRQGH
VH H[SOLTXH VX SURFHGLPLHQWR GH WRPD GH GDWRV \ ODV
XQLGDGHVHQTXHGHEHDSDUHFHUHOUHVXOWDGR$VtPLVPRVH
UHFRPLHQGDHVWDEOHFHUHQODKRMDGHPHWDGDWRVXQUDQJR
GHYDORUHVSDUDSUHVHQWDUHOUHVXOWDGRGHOLQGLFDGRU'H
HVWDIRUPDVHUiSRVLEOHFRQRFHUVLHOUHVXOWDGRHVEXHQR
R PDOR \ VX HYROXFLyQ WHPSRUDO 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D
TXLHQ GHEH GH FDOFXODU ORV LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV GH
FDGD SODQ SDUHFH OR PiV DFHUWDGR GHMDU HQ PDQRV GHO
WpFQLFR UHVSRQVDEOH GH UHGDFWDU HO SUR\HFWR OD HOHFFLyQ
GHLQGLFDGRUHV\HOFiOFXORLQLFLDOGHORVPLVPRV(QODV
VLJXLHQWHVHWDSDVGHFiOFXORGHODEDWHUtDGHLQGLFDGRUHV
DPELHQWDOHVGHEHUtDVHUODHPSUHVDHQFDUJDGDGHHMHFXWDU
ORVWUDEDMRVVHOYtFRODV\HOSURSLHWDULRRSURSLHWDULRVGH
ODV¿QFDVRUGHQDGDVORVHQFDUJDGRVGHVXFiOFXOR
3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D ORV SODQHV GDVRFUiWLFRV
ODHVWUXFWXUD\FRQWHQLGRGHORVSODQHVUHDOL]DGRVGHVGH
Tabla 1.&XELHUWDVIRUHVWDOHVGH0HQRUFD
Cubierta forestal
6XSHU¿FLHKD
6XSHU¿FLH
Encinar
Bosque mixto
Bosques de ribera
Pinares
Sabinares
$FHEXFKDUHV
Total forestal arbolado
Arbustos litorales
Herbazales
0iTXLDVHVFOHUy¿ODV
Marinas de Erica y estepas
$FHEXFKHHQUHJHQHUDFLyQ
Otras
Total forestal no arbolado
Total forestal
6XSHU¿FLHGH0HQRUFD
2.233,77
6.615,27
35,60
3.444,79
458,24
20.466,16
723,19
766,11
3.454,87
262,75
12.220,75
32.686,91
3,21
9,52
0,05
4,96
0,66
29,45
1,04
1,10
4,97
2,15
17,59
47,04
)XHQWH(ODERUDGRDSDUWLUGHOPDSDGHFXELHUWDVGH0HQRUFD
498
Material suplementario
/D UHJLyQ GH HVWXGLR VH ORFDOL]D HQ OD LVOD GH
0HQRUFD,VODV%DOHDUHV5HVHUYDGHOD%LRVIHUDGHVGH
HO DxR \ FX\D VXSHU¿FLH DVFLHQGH D .P²
(OFOLPDGHODLVODSUHVHQWDGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQL¿FDWLYDVFRQ
HO/HYDQWHHVSDxRODOWUDWDUVHGHXQFOLPDPHGLWHUUiQHR
RFHiQLFRSOXYLHVWDFLRQDO5LYDV0DUWtQH]FRQXQD
WHPSHUDWXUD PHGLD DQXDO GH ž& \ XQD SOXYLRPHWUtD
DQXDOGHPPDxR$VtPLVPRVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUVHUXQ
WHUULWRULRFRQPXQLFLSLRV\XQDSREODFLyQHPSDGURQDGD
GHKDELWDQWHVHQHODxR7RGRHOORXQLGRDO
HOHYDGRJUDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQORVGLIHUHQWHV
KiELWDWV GH OD LVOD KD JHQHUDGR XQ SDLVDMH DJURIRUHVWDO
HQ0HQRUFDGRQGHHOGHODVXSHU¿FLHGHODLVOD
HV DJUtFROD R IRUHVWDO VHJ~Q HO ,9 ,QYHQWDULR )RUHVWDO
1DFLRQDO
3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD DO PRGHOR HFRQyPLFR GH
OD LVOD OD HFRQRPtD GH 0HQRUFD HVWi IXQGDPHQWDGD
HQ XQ WXULVPR YHUDQLHJR \ XQD DFWLYLGDG DJUtFROD
JDQDGHUDHQGHFOLYH(QFXDQWRDVXDFWLYLGDGIRUHVWDOVX
FRQWULEXFLyQDO3URGXFWR,QWHULRU%UXWRGHODLVODKDVLGR
VLHPSUHWHVWLPRQLDODWHQGLHQGRDODFDQWLGDGGHHPSUHVDV
\ WUDEDMDGRUHV GHO VHFWRU GDGRV GH DOWD HQ OD 6HJXULGDG
6RFLDO ,QVWLWXWR 1DFLRQDO GH (VWDGtVWLFD 1R REVWDQWH
HO DSURYHFKDPLHQWR GH ELRPDVD IRUHVWDO SDUD SURGXFLU
DVWLOOD\VHUYHQGLGDDFHQWUDOHVWpUPLFDVHVWiJHQHUDQGR
GHVGHHODxRXQLQFUHPHQWRPX\VLJQL¿FDWLYRHQOD
JHVWLyQGHORVPRQWHVGHODLVOD'LFKDDFWLYLGDGXQLGR
DOFRQWLQXDGRDXPHQWRGHOSUHFLRGHODHOHFWULFLGDGHVWi
LQFHQWLYDQGR XQ LQWHUpV FUHFLHQWH GHO VHFWRU KRWHOHUR H
LQGXVWULDOSRUHOXVRGHSHOOHW\DVWLOODSDUDJHQHUDUFDORU
(QFXDQWRDODV¿JXUDVGHSURWHFFLyQDPELHQWDO
0HQRUFD GLVSRQH GH JUDQ SDUWH GH VX VXSHU¿FLH EDMR
GLIHUHQWHV ¿JXUDV GH SURWHFFLyQ DPELHQWDO D HVFDOD
HXURSHD QDFLRQDO \ DXWRQyPLFD $OJXQDV GH ODV PiV
UHOHYDQWHV HQ FXDQWR D VXSHU¿FLH IRUHVWDO VRQ OD 5HG
1DWXUD /,& \ =(3$ HO 3DUTXH 1DWXUDO GH
6¶$OEXIHUD GHV *UDX R ¿JXUDV GH SURWHFFLyQ DPELHQWDO
GHOSURSLR3ODQ7HUULWRULDO,QVXODU
0HQRUFD D SHVDU GH VHU XQD LVOD GH HVFDVD
VXSHU¿FLH SUHVHQWD XQD JUDQ GLYHUVLGDG GH KiELWDWV
IRUHVWDOHV 7DEOD (QWUH ODV SULQFLSDOHV FRPXQLGDGHV
IRUHVWDOHV GH OD LVOD DWHQGLHQGR D VX VXSHU¿FLH FDEH
GHVWDFDUODVFRPXQLGDGHVDUERODGDVGHDFHEXFKDUSLQDU
\ HQFLQDU R ODV FRPXQLGDGHV DUEXVWLYDV GH PDTXLD \
JDUULJD
3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDDODFRPXQLGDGGHDFHEXFKDU
VH HQFXHQWUD WDQWR HQ VXHORV VLOtFHR FRPR HQ FDOFiUHRV
VLHPSUH\FXDQGRODWH[WXUDGHOVXHORQRVHDDUHQRVDR
IUDQFRDUHQRVD3RURWURODGRVXHOHQSUHVHQWDUXQDDOWXUD
FRPSUHQGLGD HQWUH \ PHWURV GH DOWXUD XQD HOHYDGD
)FF WRWDO \ JHQHUDOPHQWH XQ PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH 5RWKHUPHOet al(QFXDQWRDODVHVSHFLHVSURSLDV
GHODFHEXFKDUHODFHEXFKHVLOYHVWUHOlea europaea YDU
sylvestris HV OD SULQFLSDO HVSHFLH GH OD FRPXQLGDG \
VXHOH YHQLU DFRPSDxDGD IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH GH HVSHFLHV
DUEXVWLYDV\HQPHQRUPHGLGDSRUHVSHFLHVKHUEiFHDV
(QWUHODVHVSHFLHVDUEXVWLYDVPiVFRPXQHVVHHQFXHQWUDQ
HVSHFLHVFRPRSRUHMHPSOROHQWLVFRPistacia lentiscus
]DU]DSDUULOODSmilax asperaJDPyQFRP~QAsphodelus
aestivus DOLDJD Calicotome spinosa R OHFKHWUH]QD
Euphorbia dendroidesHQWUHRWUDV3RUORTXHUHVSHFWD
DODVHVSHFLHVKHUEiFHDVVHHQFXHQWUDQHVSHFLHVFRPRHO
SXHUURVLOYHVWUHAetheorhiza bulbosaRHOFDQGLOLOORVGHO
GLDEORArisarum vulgareHQWUHRWUDV
/D VLJXLHQWH FRPXQLGDG HQ LPSRUWDQFLD HQ
FXDQWRDVXSHU¿FLHDEDUFDGDHVODFRPXQLGDGGHSLQDU
'LFKD FRPXQLGDG WLHQH SUHIHUHQFLD SRU ORV VXHORV
FDOFiUHRV QR REVWDQWH WDPELpQ HVWi SUHVHQWD HQ VXHOR
VLOtFHR/DFRPXQLGDGSLQDUVXHOHGLVSRQHUGHXQGRVHO
DUEyUHR GH DOWXUD FRPSUHQGLGD HQWUH ORV \ PHWURV
GH DOWXUD FRQ XQ VRWRERVTXH GHQVR \ JHQHUDOPHQWH XQ
PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH 5RWKHUPHO et al (Q
FXDQWRDODVHVSHFLHVSURSLDVGHGLFKDFRPXQLGDGHOSLQR
FDUUDVFRPinus halepensisHVODSULQFLSDOHVSHFLHGHQWUR
GH OD SURSLD FRPXQLGDG 1R REVWDQWH HO SLQR FDUUDVFR
VXHOH DSDUHFHU DFRPSDxDGR GH XQD JUDQ YDULHGDG GH
HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV DUEXVWLYDV \ KHUEiFHDV (QWUH ODV
HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV VXHOH HQFRQWUDUVH HQFLQDV Quercus
ilex \ DFHEXFKHV DUERUHVFHQWHV Olea europaea var.
sylvestris SULQFLSDOPHQWH 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D
HVSHFLHVDUEXVWLYDVDSDUHFHQIUHFXHQWHPHQWHHMHPSODUHV
GH DFHEXFKH DUEXVWLYR Olea europaea var. sylvestris
OHQWLVFR Pistacia lentiscus ]DU]DSDUULOOD Smilax
asperaJDPyQFRP~QAsphodelus aestivusODELpUQDJR
EODQFRPhillyrea angustifoliaEUH]R(ULFDPXOWLÀRUD\
Erica arboreaURPHUR5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLVRFDUUL]R
Ampelodesmos mauritanica HQWUH RWUDV (Q FXDQWR D
ODVHVSHFLHVKHUEiFHDVSUHVHQWHVFDEHGHVWDFDUHOWUpERO
GH FXDWUR KRMDV Lotus tetraphyllus JDOORV Serapias
linguaRHOFDUGR\HVTXHUREchinops ritroHQWUHRWUDV
/DVLJXLHQWHFRPXQLGDGIRUHVWDOHQLPSRUWDQFLD
HQ FXDQWR D VXSHU¿FLH IRUHVWDO HV OD FRPXQLGDG GH
HQFLQDU 'LFKD FRPXQLGDG VH HQFXHQWUD HQ VXHORV
SURIXQGRV \ K~PHGRV GH VXHORV VLOLFLRV \ FDOFiUHRV
&XDQWDPD\RUVHDODGHQVLGDGGHHQFLQDVQuercus ilex
GHQWUR GHO GRVHO DUEyUHR PHQRU VHUi OD FDQWLGDG GH
HVSHFLHV DUEXVWLYDV \ KHUEiFHDV SUHVHQWHV$Vt SXHV HQ
DTXHOORVHQFLQDUHVFRQXQD)FF•GHHQFLQDQuercus
ilex HQ HO GRVHO DUEyUHR OD )FF DUEXVWLYD \ KHUEiFHD
VXHOHVHUHVFDVDPRGHORGHFRPEXVWLEOHHQODHVFDOD
GH5RWKHUPHOet al(QFDPELRFRQIRUPHPD\RU
HV OD DEXQGDQFLD GH RWUDV HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV R PHQRU OD
)FFGHHQFLQDGHQWURGHOGRVHODUEyUHRPD\RUHVOD)FF
DUEXVWLYD \ KHUEiFHD SUHVHQWH PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH
VHPHMDQWHDHQODHVFDODGH5RWKHUPHOet al3RU
ORTXHUHVSHFWDDODDOWXUDGHOGRVHODUEyUHRHODUERODGR
QRVXHOHVXSHUDUORVPHWURVHQHQFLQDUHVSXURV\ORV
PHWURVHQORVHQFLQDUHVPL[WRV3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDDODV
HVSHFLHVSUHVHQWHVODHQFLQDQuercus ilexHVODHVSHFLH
SULQFLSDO\VXHOHYHQLUDFRPSDxDGDGHHVSHFLHVOLDQRLGHV
Tamus communis\Hedera helixHQORVHQFLQDUHVSXURV
(Q HQFLQDUHV GRQGH VRQ UHODWLYDPHQWH IUHFXHQWHV RWUDV
HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV Pinus halepensis JHQHUDOPHQWH
VH GHWHFWDQ DGHPiV RWUDV HVSHFLHV DUEXVWLYDV FRPR HO
OHQWLVFR Pistacia lentiscus R HO PDGURxR Arbutus
unedoHQWUHRWUDV
3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDDODVFRPXQLGDGHVDUEXVWLYDV
SUHVHQWHVVRQDEXQGDQWHVODVPDULQDVFRQSUHGRPLQLRGH
EUH]R Erica arborea \ (ULFD PXOWLÀRUD MDUDV Cistus
spRFDUUL]RAmpelodesmos mauritanicaHQWUHRWUDV
(O SUHGRPLQLR GH XQDV HVSHFLHV X RWUDV GHSHQGH GH ODV
SURSLHGDGHVGHOVXHOR(QRFDVLRQHVGLFKDVFRPXQLGDGHV
DUEXVWLYDV WLHQGHQ D HYROXFLRQDU KDFLD PDVDV GH
DFHEXFKDURHQFLQDU
499
5HIHUHQFLDVELEOLRJUiÀFDV
De Castro M, Martín-Vide J, Alonso S (2005) El clima
de España: Pasado, presente y escenarios del clima
para el siglo XXI. En: Moreno J. Evaluación
preliminar de los impactos en España por efecto
del cambio climático. Editorial Ministerio de
Medio Ambiente, Madrid. pp. 1-64
Life+Boscos (2012) Directrices para la adaptación
de los bosques de Menorca al cambio climático.
Editorial Consell Insular de Menorca, Mahón. pp.
1-13. Disponible en: http://lifeboscos.cime.es/
documents/docs/LifeBoscos/E1X0100/REV0.pdf
Último acceso 10 de junio de 2014
Montoya J, Mesón M (2004) Selvicultura. Tomo I y II.
Editorial Fundación Conde del Valle de SalazarMundi-prensa, Madrid. pp. 577-652
Observatorio Socioambiental de Menorca (2011) I.b.1
Precipitació. En: Indicadors bàsics. Editorial
Instituto Menorquín de Estudios, Mahón. pp. 11-16
Petrus J (2011) =RQLÀFDFLy GH OD YXOQHUDELOLWDW
a l’estrès hídric dels boscos de Menorca
dins
del
projecte
LIFE+BOSCOS
(LIFE+07ENV/E/000824). Editorial Fundación
Bosch y Gimpera de la Universidad de Barcelona,
Barcelona. pp. 73-74. Disponible en: http://
lifeboscos.cime.es/documents/docs/LifeBoscos/
P1X0090/REV0.pdf
Último acceso 10 de junio de 2014
500
Descargar