Cap 45- Gestión forestal adaptativa en Menorca
Anuncio
Adaptación J. Domingo Ingeniero de Montes. Profesional independiente Correo electrónico: jose.domingo.idm@gmail.com 45 Gestión forestal adaptativa en Menorca Resultados clave 6H UHTXLHUH HO XVR GH FULWHULRV GH JREHUQDQ]D \ SDUWLFLSDFLyQ SDUD KDFHU HIHFWLYD XQD JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO VRVWHQLEOHVREUHHOWHUULWRULR 'HEHQHODERUDUVHSODQHVGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDODGDSWDWLYRV DODKRUTXLOODGHLQFHUWLGXPEUHVSODQWHDGDSRUHOFDPELR FOLPiWLFR /D JHVWLyQ GHEH FRQWHPSODU GH IRUPD VLPXOWiQHD ORV ULHVJRVHLPSDFWRVVREUHHOPHGLRIRUHVWDO (V QHFHVDULR GLVSRQHU GH LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV GH VHJXLPLHQWR SDUD ¿MDU XQD SODQL¿FDFLyQ VLOYtFROD ÀH[LEOHHQFXDQWRDODWHPSRUDOLGDG\RLQWHQVLGDGGHODV DFWXDFLRQHVVHOYtFRODVSURJUDPDGDV Contexto (O FOLPD GH ODV GLIHUHQWHV UHJLRQHV HVWi H[SHULPHQWDQGR LPSRUWDQWHV DOWHUDFLRQHV D XQD PD\RU YHORFLGDG GH OR HVSHUDGR 6XV HIHFWRV HQ FXDQWR D SUHFLSLWDFLyQ WHPSHUDWXUD YHORFLGDG GHO YLHQWR \ HYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQSRWHQFLDOQRSDUHFHQVHJXLUODPLVPD WHQGHQFLD HQ WRGDV ODV UHJLRQHV GHO SODQHWD 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWDDODFXHQFDPHGLWHUUiQHDORVSDWURQHVFOLPiWLFRV QRHVWiQGHOWRGRFODURV1RREVWDQWHHQHOLQIRUPHGHO DxRGHO3DQHO,QWHUJREHUQDPHQWDOVREUHHO&DPELR &OLPiWLFR VH HVWDEOHFH TXH ORV PRGHORV FOLPiWLFRV GHWHUPLQDQ GH PDQHUD XQiQLPH XQ LQFUHPHQWR GH ODV WHPSHUDWXUDV HQ HO PHGLWHUUiQHR PLHQWUDV SUHVHQWDQ GLYHUJHQFLDVHQFXDQWRDODVSUHYLVLRQHVGHSUHFLSLWDFLyQ 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D OD LVOD GH 0HQRUFD H[LVWHQ GDWRV UHJLVWUDGRVUHIHUHQWHVDODVSUHFLSLWDFLRQHVDQXDOHVGHVGH HODxRKDVWDODDFWXDOLGDG'LFKRVUHJLVWURVKDQVLGR XWLOL]DGRV SDUD HVWDEOHFHU FDGD DxRV OD SUHFLSLWDFLyQ PHGLDDQXDOGHORV~OWLPRVUHJLVWURV(QGLFKDVPHGLDV DQXDOHV VH KD FRQVWDWDGR XQD UHGXFFLyQ GHO GH OD SUHFLSLWDFLyQ PHGLD DQXDO UHJLVWUDGD HQWUH ORV SHULRGRV\3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDD ODVWHPSHUDWXUDVVHFRQVWDWDXQDWHQGHQFLDDODO]DGHODV WHPSHUDWXUDVPHGLDVDQXDOHVGH0HQRUFDSDUDHOSHULRGR FRPSUHQGLGRHQWUH\3RUORWDQWRKR\HQGtD HOFDPELRFOLPiWLFRHVXQRGHORVSULQFLSDOHVUHWRVDQLYHO JOREDO GH OD FLHQFLD IRUHVWDO (Q HO FDVR GH 0HQRUFD HO FDPELRFOLPiWLFRHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHWDQWRSDUD HO PHGLR QDWXUDO FRPR SDUD OD HFRQRPtD GH OD LVOD 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D OD HFRQRPtD GH OD LVOD XQ LQFUHPHQWR GHODVWHPSHUDWXUDVSXHGHJHQHUDUXQDSpUGLGDLPSRUWDQWH GH WXULVPR SRWHQFLDO \ PRGL¿FDU VXVWDQFLDOPHQWH HO DFWXDO PRGHOR DJUtFROD GH 0HQRUFD $WHQGLHQGR DO PHGLRIRUHVWDOHVGHHVSHUDUXQDPD\RUJUDYHGDGGHORV LPSDFWRVQHJDWLYRVSUHVHQWHV\XQDPD\RUYXOQHUDELOLGDG \FDQWLGDGGHULHVJRVDORVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDVRPHWLGDOD PDVD IRUHVWDO 3RU OR WDQWR HV QHFHVDULR HVWDEOHFHU XQD JHVWLyQ GH ORV ERVTXHV GH OD LVOD LQWHQWDQGR FRQVHUYDU OD ELRGLYHUVLGDG H[LVWHQWH \ IRPHQWDQGR XQD PD\RU UHVLOLHQFLDGHORVHFRVLVWHPDVDQWHORVSUHYLVLEOHVFDPELRV GHULYDGRVGHODEDQLFRGHSRVLEOHVHVFHQDULRVTXHSODQWHD HOFDPELRFOLPiWLFR /D LVOD GH 0HQRUFD DO LJXDO TXH HO UHVWR GH OD FXHQFDPHGLWHUUiQHDHVWiVRPHWLGDDQXPHURVRVULHVJRV HLPSDFWRVDPELHQWDOHV(QWUHORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVFDEH GHVWDFDUHOULHVJRGHSDGHFHULQFHQGLRVIRUHVWDOHV\RHO ULHVJR GH HURVLyQ KtGULFD \ HyOLFD 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D ORV LQFHQGLRV IRUHVWDOHV HQ ORV ERVTXHV GH 0HQRUFD SUHGRPLQDXQPRGHORGHFRPEXVWLEOHRHQODHVFDOD GH 5RWKHUPHO (OOR XQLGR DO DEDQGRQR GH FXOWLYRV \ DFWLYLGDGHVWUDGLFLRQDOHVGHDSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHPDGHUDV OHxDV\SDVWRVHQWUHRWUDVDFWLYLGDGHVFRPELQDGRFRQOD H[LVWHQFLD GH QXPHURVDV XUEDQL]DFLRQHV FROLQGDQWHV D ORVERVTXHVGHODLVODFUHDVLWXDFLRQHVGHDOWRULHVJRGH 493 LQFHQGLRDxRWUDVDxR$GHPiVDOFRLQFLGLUKDELWXDOPHQWH SHULRGRVGHVHTXtDSURORQJDGDFRQODpSRFDGHPD\RUHV WHPSHUDWXUDV DPELHQWDOHV VH SURGXFH XQD SpUGLGD LPSRUWDQWHGHKXPHGDGHQODSURSLDFXELHUWDIRUHVWDOFRQ ORFXDOVHLQFUHPHQWDQRWDEOHPHQWHODLQÀDPDELOLGDGGHO SURSLRFRPEXVWLEOH\SRUORWDQWRHOULHVJRGHLQFHQGLR $VtPLVPRDSHVDUGHTXH0HQRUFDWLHQHXQD¿VLRJUDItD JHQHUDOPHQWHVXDYHXRQGXODGDH[LVWHQQXPHURVDVFROLQDV HQODSDUWHFHQWUDOGHODLVODFRQIXHUWHVSHQGLHQWHV\HOHYDGR ULHVJRGHHURVLyQSRWHQFLDO$GHPiVDTXHOODVODGHUDVFRQ RULHQWDFLyQQRUWHHVWiQH[SXHVWDVDORVIXHUWHVYLHQWRVGH WUDPRQWDQD ORV FXDOHV VRQ UHODWLYDPHQWH IUHFXHQWHV HQ LQYLHUQR3RURWURODGRVHGHWHFWDQRWURVPXFKRVULHVJRV HLPSDFWRVTXHFDEHJHVWLRQDU\SRUORWDQWRFRPEDWLU\ SUHYHQLU (QWUH HOORV VH HQFXHQWUD OD YXOQHUDELOLGDG GH SDUWH GH ORV ERVTXHV GH OD LVOD D VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV KtGULFR(VSHFLDOPHQWHVHQVLEOHVSDUHFHQVHUORVHQFLQDUHV RULHQWDGRVDOVXUVREUHVXHORGHOSHULRGR7ULiVLFR3HWUXV 'LFKD YXOQHUDELOLGDG SURGXFH XQD SpUGLGD GH OD HVSHVXUD GH OD FRSD GHO DUERODGR GXUDQWH ORV PHVHV GH YHUDQR\XQDHOHYDGDPRUWDOLGDGGHOUHJHQHUDGRH[LVWHQWH $VtPLVPRODWHQGHQFLDDODEDMDHQFXDQWRDOUpJLPHQGH OOXYLDV2EVHUYDWRULR6RFLRDPELHQWDOGH0HQRUFD HOLQFUHPHQWRGHODHYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQGHODUERODGRSRU HODXPHQWRGHODVWHPSHUDWXUDVGH&DVWURHWDO\ ODVIUHFXHQWHVVHTXtDVHVWLYDOHVHVWiJHQHUDQGRFDGDYH] FRQPD\RUIUHFXHQFLDODPXHUWHGHHQFLQDVFRQVWLWX\HQGR SHTXHxRVJROSHVGHQWURGHODPDVDIRUHVWDO2WURSUREOHPD LPSRUWDQWHHVODIDOWDGHUHJHQHUDGRHQJUDQSDUWHGHODV PDVDVDUERODGDVGHODLVODGHELGRDXQDHOHYDGDIUDFFLyQGH FDELGDFXELHUWD)FFDUEXVWLYD'HQVLGDGHVGHVRWRERVTXH TXH LPSOLTXHQ XQD )FF DUEXVWLYD VXSHULRU DO VXHOH GHVHPERFDUHQGH¿FLHQFLDVPX\LPSRUWDQWHVEULQ]DOHVGH FRQtIHUDV\IURQGRVDVGHELGRDXQDFRPSHWHQFLDH[FHVLYD SRUDJXD\QXWULHQWHVHQpSRFDVGHVHTXtD\DGHPiVHQ HOFDVRGHORVHMHPSODUHVGHSLQRFDUUDVFRWDPELpQSRUOD OX] (Q FXDQWR D ODV SODJDV IRUHVWDOHV FDEH GHVWDFDU ODV IUHFXHQWHV H LQWHQVDV SODJDV GHO OHSLGySWHUR GHIROLDGRU Lymantria dispar /.HQORVHQFLQDUHVGH0HQRUFD'LFKD HVSHFLHGLVSRQHGHXQFLFORELROyJLFRGLIHUHQWHDOH[LVWHQWH HQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFDDOGLVSRQHUGHRDxRVFRQWLQXRV FRQXQDHOHYDGDGHQVLGDGGHLymantria disparVHJXLGRGH R DxRV FRQ PHQRU GHQVLGDG GH SREODFLyQ (QWUH ORV ~OWLPRVDxRVFDEHGHVWDFDUHODxRGRQGHHOGH ORVHQFLQDUHVGHODLVODKDQOOHJDGRDVXIULUDOJ~QWLSRGH GHIROLDFLyQ\HQHOGHODPDVDGHHQFLQDUVHSURGXMR XQDGHIROLDFLyQWRWDO$GHPiVORVERVTXHVGHODLVODVXIUHQ IUHFXHQWHPHQWH OD LQYDVLyQ GH HVSHFLHV H[yWLFDV WDOHV FRPR Alianthus altisima R Carpobrotus edulis$OJXQDV GHHVWDVHVSHFLHVLQYDVRUDVHVWiQSHUMXGLFDQGRVHULDPHQWH ODV SREODFLRQHV GH RWUDV HVSHFLHV GH ÀRUD HQGpPLFDV GH 0HQRUFD FRPR ODV SREODFLRQHV GH Anthyllis hystrix :LLN&DUGRQD&RQWDQGULRSRXORV6LHUUD)LQDOPHQWH VH GHWHFWD XQD VREUHH[SORWDFLyQ \ FRQWDPLQDFLyQ SRU QLWUDWRV GH ORV DFXtIHURV GH OD LVOD GHELGR DO PRGHOR HFRQyPLFR GH 0HQRUFD \ ODV GH¿FLHQFLDV H[LVWHQWHV HQ JUDQ SDUWH GH ODV LQVWDODFLRQHV DJUtFRODV \ JDQDGHUDV GH ODLVOD7RGRVORVLPSDFWRVGHVFULWRVXQLGRVDODEDQGRQR GHFXOWLYRVHVWiQJHQHUDQGRUiSLGDPHQWHXQDSpUGLGDGH ELRGLYHUVLGDGSDLVDMtVWLFDLPSRUWDQWHTXHFDEHFRPEDWLU Adaptación Elaboración de unas directrices de Gestión Forestal Sostenible (GFS)(y adaptativa) para la adaptación al cambio climático $QWH ODV LQFHUWLGXPEUHV VRFLRHFRQyPLFDV \ DPELHQWDOHV SODQWHDGDV SRU ORV SRVLEOHV HVFHQDULRV GH FDPELR FOLPiWLFR HQ 0HQRUFD VH HVWi IRPHQWDQGR D WUDYpV GHO &RQVHOO ,QVXODU GH 0HQRUFD \ GHO SURJUDPD /,)(PHGLDQWHHOSUR\HFWR/,)(%26&26XQPRGHOR GHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOVRVWHQLEOH\ÀH[LEOHDODVH[LJHQFLDVGH FDGDPRPHQWR3DUDHOORVHKDQHODERUDGRXQDVGLUHFWULFHV GH *)6 IXQGDPHQWDGDV HQ ORV &ULWHULRV 3DQHXURSHRV GH *)6 D HVFDOD LQVXODU 'LFKDV GLUHFWULFHV HVWiQ EDVDGDV HQ XQ DQiOLVLV GHWDOODGR GHO PHGLR QDWXUDO GH OD LVOD \ FRQRFLPLHQWRVWpFQLFRVPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUHV(QVXIDVHGH HODERUDFLyQKDKDELGRXQDSDUWLFLSDFLyQPXOWLVHFWRULDOGH DJHQWHVS~EOLFRV\SULYDGRVLPSOLFDGRVHQODJHVWLyQGHO PHGLRQDWXUDOGHODLVODDVtFRPRXQFRPLWpFLHQWt¿FR\GH VHJXLPLHQWR 3DUDUD KDFHU DGDSWDWLYDV GLFKDV GLUHFWULFHV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO D ODV FRQGLFLRQHV VRFLRHFRQyPLFDV \ DPELHQWDOHV GH OD UHJLyQ VH SURFHGH D VX HYDOXDFLyQ \ UHYLVLyQSHULyGLFDPHQWH &RPLWpFLHQWt¿FR\GHVHJXLPLHQWR $PERVFRPLWpVWLHQHQXQSDSHOIXQGDPHQWDOHQ ODDGDSWDFLyQGHORVERVTXHVGH0HQRUFDDQWHORVSRVLEOHV HVFHQDULRV GH FDPELR FOLPiWLFR 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD DO FRPLWp FLHQWt¿FR KD WHQLGR FRPR ¿QDOLGDG DVHJXUDU XQ UHVXOWDGRH[FHOHQWHHQHOGLVHxRGHODVSURSLDVGLUHFWULFHV \GHORVSODQHVGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDODGDSWDWLYRVDOFDPELR Figura 1. Figura 1. 5HXQLyQGHOFRPLWpFLHQWt¿FRSDUDGHEDWLUODVPHGLGDVDLPSODQWDUHQORVSODQHVGDVRFUiWLFRVDGHVDUUROODU )XHQWH3UR\HFWR/,)(%26&26/,)((19( 494 FOLPiWLFR 'LFKR FRPLWp HVWi IRUPDGR SRU XQ HTXLSR PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU GH H[SHUWRV HQFDUJDGRV GH DVHVRUDU HQ GLIHUHQWHVDVSHFWRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHOPHGLRIRUHVWDO\ HOFDPELRFOLPiWLFR)LJXUD 3RU RWUR ODGR HO FRPLWp GH VHJXLPLHQWR KD FRODERUDGRHQHOGHVDUUROORGHORVREMHWLYRVHVSHFt¿FRV 2E( \ ODV PHGLGDV LPSODQWDGDV HQ ODV SURSLDV GLUHFWULFHVGHDGDSWDFLyQGHORVERVTXHVGH0HQRUFDDO FDPELR FOLPiWLFR 'LFKR FRPLWp VH HQFXHQWUD IRUPDGR SRUUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGHODVGLIHUHQWHVDGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVGH ODLVODDVtFRPRLQVWLWXFLRQHVFLHQWt¿FDVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV QRJXEHUQDPHQWDOHVDJHQWHVVRFLDOHVGHOVHFWRUIRUHVWDO \SURSLHWDULRV\JHVWRUHVIRUHVWDOHVGH0HQRUFD Diseño de planes de gestión forestal adaptativos al cambio climático (QVXGLVHxRVHKDRSWDGRSRUODUHGDFFLyQGH SODQHVGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOVLPSOL¿FDGRVFRQRFLGRVFRPR 3ODQHV 'DVRFUiWLFRV FRQ XQD YLJHQFLD FRPSUHQGLGD HQWUH \ DxRV \ XQD RUGHQDFLyQ SRU URGDOHV 'LFKD YLJHQFLD SHUPLWH SODVPDU XQD JHVWLyQ VHOYtFROD GHO PRQWH FRQWURODQGR OD KRUTXLOOD GH LQFHUWLGXPEUHV VRFLRHFRQyPLFDV \ DPELHQWDOHV GHULYDGDV GHO FDPELR FOLPiWLFR )LJXUD 3ODQHV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO FRQ YLJHQFLDV VXSHULRUHV SXHGHQ JHQHUDU SODQWHDPLHQWRV HUUiWLFRVJUDYHVGDGRTXHQRHVSRVLEOHFRQRFHUDFLHQFLD FLHUWD FyPR YDQ D LU HYROXFLRQDQGR DOJXQDV YDULDEOHV HFRQyPLFDV VRFLDOHV \ DPELHQWDOHV GH OD UHJLyQ (Q HO FDVRGH0HQRUFDODDFWLYLGDGWXUtVWLFDOD3ROtWLFD$JUDULD &RP~QRODFOLPDWRORJtDVRQYDULDEOHVGHGLItFLOSUHGLFFLyQ DODUJRSOD]R3RURWURODGRORVSODQHVGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDO UHGDFWDGRVLQFOX\HQXQDQiOLVLVGHWDOODGRGHOFOLPDDFWXDO \GHODVSUHYLVLRQHVIXWXUDVFOLPiWLFDVGHODLVOD$VtSXHV DSDUWHGHDQDOL]DUVHORVSDUiPHWURVFOLPiWLFRVKDELWXDOHV LQFOXLGRVHQFXDOTXLHUSODQGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOVHDQDOL]DQ RWUDVYDULDEOHVFRPRODHYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQRODYHORFLGDG GHOYLHQWR6HFRQVLGHUDDODHYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQXQIDFWRU YLWDO SDUD HVWDEOHFHU XQD VHOYLFXOWXUD GH DGDSWDFLyQ HQ Figura 2. Figura 2. *HVWLyQIRUHVWDODGDSWDWLYDDORVHVFHQDULRVGHFDPELRFOLPiWLFR )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD ORV ERVTXHV GH 0HQRUFD SXHVWR TXH HV FODYH D OD KRUD GHYDORUDUODYXOQHUDELOLGDGGHODVHVSHFLHVIRUHVWDOHVD VLWXDFLRQHVGHHVWUpVKtGULFR3RURWURODGRODYHORFLGDG GHO YLHQWR HV RWUR SDUiPHWUR PX\ D WHQHU HQ FXHQWD GDGRORVDEXQGDQWHVGDxRVVXIULGRVDxRWUDVDxRSRUOD DFFLyQGHOYLHQWRGHWUDPRQWDQDHQPDVDVVLQWDQJHQFLD GH FRSDV FRQ RULHQWDFLyQ QRUWH 2WUR DVSHFWR D WHQHU HQ FXHQWD HQ ORV SODQHV UHGDFWDGRV HV XQ DQiOLVLV PX\ GHWDOODGRGHORVULHVJRVHLPSDFWRVDORVTXHVHHQFXHQWUD H[SXHVWD OD PDVD D RUGHQDU 6H WUDWD GH GHWHUPLQDU VX RULJHQ ELyWLFRDELyWLFR HO WLSR GH ULHVJR R LPSDFWR GHWHUPLQDUVXSHOLJURVLGDGHQHOFDVRGHXQULHVJRDOWD PRGHUDGD R EDMD GHWHUPLQDU VX JUDGR GH SUHVHQFLD HQ HO FDVR GH XQ LPSDFWR DOWR PRGHUDGR R EDMR XQ SURQyVWLFRGHHYROXFLyQQDWXUDOGHOULHVJRRLPSDFWRXQD EUHYHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHOPLVPR\VLHVSRVLEOHXQPDSD GRQGHTXHGHUHÀHMDGRHOULHVJRRLPSDFWRHQFXHVWLyQ(Q FXDQWRDODIDVHGHSODQL¿FDFLyQGHORVSODQHVGHJHVWLyQ IRUHVWDOHQFDPLQDGRVDODDGDSWDFLyQVHKDLQWURGXFLGR XQDSDUWDGRGRQGHVHDQDOL]DQODVFRQGLFLRQHVVHOYtFRODV JHQHUDOHVSRUWLSRGHIRUPDFLyQIRUHVWDOH[LVWHQWHGHQWUR GHOPRQWHDRUGHQDU(QGLFKRDSDUWDGRVHPDUFDQXQDV GLUHFWULFHV JHQpULFDV D VHJXLU TXH VHUiQ HVSHFL¿FDGDV HQOD¿FKDGHFDGDURGDO(VWDVGLUHFWULFHVJHQpULFDVVH HQFXHQWUDQ IXQGDPHQWDGDV HQ ODV GLUHFWULFHV GH *)6 HODERUDGDV\HQXQDVFXUYDVWHyULFDVHODERUDGDVPHGLDQWH /LRFRXUWGHPi[LPDGHQVLGDGPi[LPDYLWDOLGDG\FXUYD LGHDOSDUDFDGDWLSRGHIRUPDFLyQDUERODGDH[LVWHQWHHQ HO PRQWH RUGHQDGR 6X GLVHxR VH KD IXQGDPHQWDGR HQ UHFRPHQGDFLRQHVELEOLRJUi¿FDVSDUDPDVDVHQVLWXDFLyQ GH Pi[LPD GHQVLGDG \ Pi[LPD YLWDOLGDG 0RQWR\D 0HVyQ XQ HVWXGLR FLHQWt¿FR HQ FXDQWR D OD YXOQHUDELOLGDG D VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV KtGULFR GH ORV ERVTXHV GH 0HQRUFD 3HWUXV UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV WpFQLFDV GH JUXSRV GH H[SHUWRV DVSHFWRV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQODFOLPDWRORJtDGHODLVODDVSHFWRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQ ODV SURSLHGDGHV HGDIROyJLFDV GH 0HQRUFD \ DQiOLVLV GH URGDOHVGHORVERVTXHVGH0HQRUFDFRQEXHQDYLWDOLGDG HQSHULRGRVGHVHTXtDSURORQJDGD 495 Seguimiento mediante indicadores ambientales 7DQWR ORV REMHWLYRV JHQHUDOHV 2E* FRPR ORV REMHWLYRVRSHUDWLYRV2E2WLHQHQVXVSURSLRVLQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV GH VHJXLPLHQWR )LJXUD 'LFKRV LQGLFDGRUHVKDQGHVHUIiFLOHVGHFDOFXODUHFRQyPLFRV\ GHEHQSHUPLWLUFRQRFHUGLIHUHQWHVSDUiPHWURVGHODPDVD DJURIRUHVWDOFRQOD¿QDOLGDGGH 3HUPLWDQVHUFDOFXODGRVUiSLGDPHQWHVLQQHFHVLGDG GHXQWUDEDMRGHFDPSR\RJDELQHWHH[KDXVWLYR 1RVHUHTXLHUDJHQHUDOPHQWHXQDIRUPDFLyQWpFQLFD SDUDVXFiOFXOR (YDOXDUHOJUDGRHQTXHVHDOFDQ]DQORV2E*\2E2 GHOSURSLRSODQGHJHVWLyQ )OH[LELOL]DUODVDFWXDFLRQHVVHOYtFRODVHQFXDQWRD LQWHQVLGDGGHWUDWDPLHQWRRWHPSRUDOLGDG $\XGHQ D UHGH¿QLU R FRQ¿UPDU ODV PHGLGDV LPSODQWDGDV \ ORV REMHWLYRV HVSHFt¿FRV GH ODV 'LUHFWULFHVGH*)6UHGDFWDGDV 6XSDWUyQGHFiOFXORVHUiGLIHUHQWHHQWUHDTXHOORV GH¿QLGRV SDUD HYDOXDU ORV 2E* \ DTXHOORV HVWDEOHFLGRV SDUD HYDOXDU ORV 2E2 3RU XQ ODGR ORV LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHVGHVHJXLPLHQWRSURSLRVGHORV2E*GHEHUiQ VHUFDOFXODGRVMXVWRDQWHVGHHMHFXWDUVHHOSODQ\XQDYH] FXPSOLGDVXYLJHQFLD3RURWURODGRORVLQGLFDGRUHVGH VHJXLPLHQWRSURSLRVGHORV2E2GHEHUiQVHUFDOFXODGRV MXVWRDQWHVGHLQLFLDUVHHOSODQ\UHYLVDGRVXQDRYDULDV YHFHVDORODUJRGHODYLJHQFLDGHOSODQ$VtPLVPRFDGD XQR GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV GH VHJXLPLHQWR SURSLRV GH ORV 2E2 GLVSRQH GH XQ SHUtRGR GH FiOFXOR LQGHSHQGLHQWH UHVSHFWRDOUHVWRGHLQGLFDGRUHVGHVHJXLPLHQWR Riesgos e impactos a gestionar /RV SODQHV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO GHVDUUROODGRV HVWDEOHFHQXQDJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOGRQGHDGHPiVGHSUHYHQLU LPSDFWRVVHFRUULJHQDTXHOORV\DSUHVHQWHVTXHLPSLGHQ R OLPLWDQ OD FDSDFLGDG GH DOFDQ]DU XQR R YDULRV GH ORV 2E* HVWDEOHFLGRV (Q OD IDVH GH DQiOLVLV \ GLDJQyVWLFR GHO PRQWH SXHGH GHWHFWDUVH YDULRV ULHVJRV H LPSDFWRV GHPDQHUDVLPXOWDQHDHQXQPLVPRPRQWH\URGDO3RU ORWDQWRUHVXOWDHVSHFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHHVWDEOHFHUXQ RUGHQ MHUiUTXLFR HQ FXDQWR D ORV REMHWLYRV HVSHFt¿FRV GHO SURSLR SODQ \ VHU WHQLGRV HQ FXHQWD HQ OD GLYLVLyQ Figura 3. Figura 3.5HODFLyQHQWUH'LUHFWULFHVGHJHVWLyQ\SODQGHJHVWLyQIRUHVWDODGDSWDWLYR )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD GDVRFUiWLFD GHO PRQWH D RUGHQDU 8QD YH] FRQRFLGD HO RUGHQ GH SULRULGDGHV GHO URGDO VH HVWDEOHFHUiQ XQRV REMHWLYRV RSHUDWLYRV D FXPSOLU GHQWUR GH FDGD URGDO SODVPDGRVPHGLDQWHODSODQL¿FDFLyQVHOYtFROD (QORVURGDOHVGRQGHODSUHYHQFLyQGHLQFHQGLRV IRUHVWDOHV WLHQH XQD JUDQ LPSRUWDQFLD VH SURJUDPDQ DFWXDFLRQHVVHOYtFRODVYHU¿JXUDHQFDPLQDGDVD 5HDOL]DFLyQHQWUDPRVORQJLWXGLQDOHVHVWUDWpJLFRV GHOPRQWHPDVDVDGHKHVDGDVGH4XHUFXVLOH[FRQ IUDQMDV GH PDWRUUDO GH )FF YDULDEOH IRUPDQGR SHTXHxRVJROSHVDLVODGRV ,QWURGXFLU HQ WUDPRV HVWUDWpJLFRV HQFLQD PLFRUUL]DGD IRUPDQGR IUDQMDV ORQJLWXGLQDOHV TXH KDJDQODIXQFLyQGHFRUWDIXHJRVQDWXUDO 496 7UDQVIRUPDUiUHDVFRQXQPRGHORGHFRPEXVWLEOH HQ iUHDV FRQ XQ PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH R 5RWKHUPHOHWDO 7UDQVIRUPDUiUHDVFRQXQPRGHORGHFRPEXVWLEOH HQ iUHDV FRQ XQ PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH 5RWKHUPHOHWDO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ GH FXOWLYRV DEDQGRQDGRV GHQWUR GH JUDQGHVPDVDVIRUHVWDOHVFRQOD¿QDOLGDGGHFUHDU GLVFRQWLQXLGDGHVHVSDFLDOHV)LJXUD $SURYHFKDPLHQWRGHSDVWRVFRQJDQDGRYDFXQR\ HTXLQR &UHDUWUHVDQLOORVFRQEDMDFDUJDGHFRPEXVWLEOH\ DQFKXUD YDULDEOH HQ OD LQWHUID] XUEDQRIRUHVWDO GH Q~FOHRVXUEDQL]DGRV\YLDOHV (OLPLQDU OD WRWDOLGDG GH OD )FF DUEXVWLYD HQ ORV ODWHUDOHV GH ORV PXURV GH SDUHG VHFD KDVWD XQD VHSDUDFLyQGHYHFHVODDOWXUDGHOPXUR 8QD HOHFFLyQ ySWLPD GH ORV WUDWDPLHQWRV VHOYtFRODVDLQWURGXFLUHQODViUHDVGHOPRQWHFRQULHVJR GH LQFHQGLR IRUHVWDO \ XQD PHWRGRORJtD GH WUDEDMR DGHFXDGD D\XGDUDQ D UHGXFLU QRWDEOHPHQWH ORV GDxRV HURVLYRV GHULYDGRV GH ORV WUDEDMRV VHOYtFRODV D HMHFXWDU \DVXYH]UHGXFLUiPX\VLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHHOULHVJRGH HURVLyQSRWHQFLDOTXHWHQGUiHOiUHDWUDWDGD 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D OD YXOQHUDELOLGDG D VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV KtGULFR HO DUERODGR GH FRQtIHUDV Pinus halepensis HV PiV UHVLVWHQWHV TXH ODV IURQGRVDV Quercus ilex\Olea europaeaYDUsylvestris$GHPiV GLFKD YXOQHUDELOLGDG GH ODV IURQGRVDV VXHOH DFHQWXDUVH HQ DTXHOORV HMHPSODUHV SURFHGHQWHV GH UHEURWH $WHQGLHQGR D HOOR HQ DTXHOORV URGDOHV GRQGH H[LVWH XQ ULHVJR VLJQL¿FDWLYR GH HVWUpV KtGULFR R \D KD\ VLJQRV GH GHFDLPLHQWR GHO DUERODGR SpUGLGD GH IURQGRVLGDG GH FRSD SXQWLVHFDGR HWF VH DSOLFDQ WUDWDPLHQWRV VHOYtFRODV HQFDPLQDGRV D PDQWHQHU XQD HVWUXFWXUD GH PRQWH PL[WR LUUHJXODU \ D VHU SRVLEOH IRUPDGD SRU SLHV SURFHGHQWHV GH VHPLOOD \ QR GH UHEURWH $GHPiV VH IRPHQWD XQ GRVHO DUERODGR D GRV DOWXUDV GRQGH ODV HVSHFLHV FRQ PD\RU UHVLVWHQFLD D VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV KtGULFR FRQVWLWX\DQ HO GRVHO VXSHULRU PLHQWUDV TXH HO UHVWRGHHVSHFLHVFRQPD\RUVHQVLELOLGDGDVLWXDFLRQHVGH HVWUpVKtGULFRFRQVWLWX\DQHOVHJXQGRGRVHODUERODGR/D GHQVLGDGGHSLHVVHJ~QHVSHFLHGHSHQGHUiGHODFDOLGDG GHHVWDFLyQ\GHODVLWXDFLyQGHSDUWLGDGHOPRQWH3DUD HVWDEOHFHUXQDHVWUXFWXUDLGHDOGHODPDVDVHSURJUDPDQ DFWXDFLRQHVVHOYtFRODVHQFDPLQDGDVDDOFDQ]DUXQDFXUYD LGHDO WHyULFD HVWDEOHFLGD HQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV VHOYtFRODV JHQHUDOHV &RQ HOOR VH SUHWHQGH FRSLDU OD HVWUXFWXUD GH DTXHOODV ]RQDV IRUHVWDOHV FRQ XQD HVWUXFWXUD LUUHJXODU TXH GH IRUPD QDWXUDO QR SUHVHQWDQ XQ GHFDLPLHQWR HQ SHULRGRVSURORQJDGRVGHVHTXtD2WUDPHGLGDLPSRUWDQWH SDUD FRPEDWLU VLWXDFLRQHV GH HVWUpV KtGULFR HV UHGXFLU OD HYDSRWUDQVSLUDFLyQ SRWHQFLDO GH ORV HMHPSODUHV FRQ VLJQRV HYLGHQWHV GH GHFDLPLHQWR PHGLDQWH SRGDV \ UHVROYHRV (Q HO FDVR GH ORV UHVROYHRV VH DSOLFD FRPR UHJODJHQHUDOUHGXFLUHQXQHOiUHDEDVLPpWULFDGHORV FKLUSLDOHVGHFDGDFHSDGHMDQGRHQSLHVLHPSUHDTXHOORV PiVYLJRURVRV\GHFRSDPiVHVSHVDFRQOD¿QDOLGDGGH SURGXFLUVHPLOOD $VtPLVPRLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHFXDOHVVHDQ ORVULHVJRVHLPSDFWRVDFRPEDWLUVHLQWHQWDJHQHUDOPHQWH Figura 4. )XHQWH,QVWLWXWR%DOHDUGHOD1DWXUDOH]D Figura 4. 3DLVDMHDJURIRUHVWDOSURSLRGH0HQRUFDFRQPHGLGDVSUHYHQWLYDVGHLQFHQGLRVIRUHVWDOHV(OFRUWDIXHJRVGHOD]RQDFHQWUDOVLUYHSDUDFUHDU XQD]RQDVLQFRQWLQXLGDGYHUWLFDO\KRUL]RQWDO(OFXOWLYRD\XGDDPDQWHQHUHOPRVDLFRDJURIRUHVWDOGHODLVODFUHDQGRPDVDVIRUHVWDOHVGLVFRQWLQXDV PDQWHQHUXQD)FFDUEyUHDFRPSUHQGLGDHQWUHHO\HO \ QR DSOLFDU WUDWDPLHQWRV VHOYtFRODV TXH UHGX]FDQ HQ PiV GH XQD WHUFHUD SDUWH HO iUHD EDVLPpWULFD LQLFLDO 'H HVWD PDQHUD VH HYLWDQ LQWHUYHQFLRQHV VHOYtFRODV H[FHVLYDPHQWH IXHUWHV TXH SXHGDQ SRQHU HQ SHOLJUR OD SHUVLVWHQFLD\HVWDELOLGDGGHODPDVD 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D DTXHOORV URGDOHV FRQ H[FHVLYD GHQVLGDG GH VRWRERVTXH VH IRPHQWD HO XVR SULQFLSDOPHQWHGHJDQDGRHTXLQR\ERYLQRSDUDFRQWURODU VX)FF\PDQWHQHUODSRUGHEDMRGHO/DPHWRGRORJtD VXHOHVHU (VWDEXODFLyQ WHPSRUDO GHO JDQDGR HQ HO PRQWH VH FRQVLJXH XQ UiSLGR FRQWURO GHO VRWRERVTXH VL VHXWLOL]DXQDHOHYDGDFDUJDJDQDGHUD/DWpFQLFD FRQVLVWH HQ ]RQL¿FDU HO PRQWH H LU PRYLHQGR SHULyGLFDPHQWHHOJDQDGRGHXQD]RQDDRWUD 8VR GHO PRQWH FRPR GRUPLGHURV REOLJDU DO JDQDGR D GRUPLU HQ iUHDV FRQFUHWDV GHO PRQWH JHQHUD XQ FRQWURO LPSRUWDQWH GHO VRWRERVTXH SXHVWR TXH HO JDQDGR VXHOH GRUPLU HQ JUXSRV \ VXHOH HVWDU WXPEDGR YDULDV KRUDV HQ HO PLVPR OXJDU *DQDGR HQ VHPLOLEHUWDG PDQWHQLHQGR XQD FDUJD JDQDGHUDySWLPDGXUDQWHODUJRVSHULRGRVRLQFOXVR GHPDQHUDSHUPDQHQWH (VFRJHU XQD WpFQLFD X RWUD SDUD FRQWURODU HO VRWRERVTXH YHQGUi GH¿QLGD SRU HO REMHWLYR TXH WHQJD PDUFDGR HO URGDO (Q HO FDVR GH ULHVJR GH LQFHQGLR FXDOTXLHUDGHODVWUHVRSFLRQHVVHUtDYiOLGDPLHQWUDVVL VHSUHWHQGHD\XGDUDOUHJHQHUDGRGHHVSHFLHVDUERODGDV ODRSFLyQWHUFHUDVHUtDODPiVDGHFXDGD 497 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D DTXHOORV URGDOHV GRQGH DSDUHFHQ HVSHFLHV H[yWLFDV VH SURJUDPDQ DFWXDFLRQHV VHOYtFRODV HQFDPLQDGDV D VX HUUDGLFDFLyQ PHGLDQWH VX DUUDQFDGRGHVGHODUDt] Replanteo de objetivos y medidas 8QD YH] FRQFOXLGD OD YLJHQFLD GHO SODQ GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO VH SURFHGHUi D OD HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV 2E*PDUFDGRVHQHOSURSLRSODQ&ULWHULRV3DQHXURSHRV GH *HVWLyQ )RUHVWDO 6RVWHQLEOH (Q FDVR GH TXH OD EDWHUtD GH LQGLFDGRUHV GH VHJXLPLHQWR XWLOL]DGD LQGLTXH HO FXPSOLPLHQWR WRWDO GH ORV 2E* GHO SODQ QR VHUi QHFHVDULR UHDOL]DU FDPELRV VXVWDQFLDOHV HQ OD UHYLVLyQ GHO SODQ 1R REVWDQWH JHQHUDOPHQWH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV PDUFDUDQ XQ FXPSOLPLHQWR SDUFLDO GH ORV 2E*\SRUORWDQWRVHUiQHFHVDULRUHSODQWHDUVHHOPRGHOR GHJHVWLyQORV2E(ORV2E2\ODSODQL¿FDFLyQVHOYtFROD SDUD UHFRQGXFLU OD VLWXDFLyQ \ DVt DOFDQ]DU SOHQDPHQWH ORV2E*HQHOVLJXLHQWHSODQGDVRFUiWLFR$VtPLVPROD HMHFXFLyQ GH ORV SODQHV GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO SHUPLWLUiQ UHGH¿QLURFRQ¿UPDUWDQWRORVREMHWLYRVHVSHFt¿FRVFRPR ODV PHGLGDV LPSODQWDGDV HQ ODV SURSLDV GLUHFWULFHV GH *)6DGDSWDWLYDVDOFDPELRFOLPiWLFR Recomendaciones para su aplicación 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D ODV GLUHFWULFHV VH UHFRPLHQGDVXGHVDUUROORDHVFDODFRPDUFDOGDGRTXHODV FRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHVHFRQyPLFDV\VRFLDOHVSXHGHQ SUHVHQWDU GLIHUHQFLDV VLJQL¿FDWLYDV HQWUH FRPDUFDV FHUFDQDV$VtPLVPRODVGLUHFWULFHVGHEHUtDQGHLQFOXLU DVSHFWRV GH JREHUQDQ]D \ SDUWLFLSDFLyQ \ VHJXLU ORV FULWHULRV GH ODV FRQIHUHQFLDV LQWHUPLQLVWHULDOHV GH SURWHFFLyQGHORVERVTXHVGH(XURSD HO SUR\HFWR /,)(%26&26 /,)((19( SXHGHQVHUXQDEXHQDUHIHUHQFLDVREUHODTXHGHVDUUROODU ORVSODQHVGHFDGDFRPDUFDRUHJLyQ (Q FXDQWR D ORV LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV HV UHFRPHQGDEOH HVWDEOHFHU GHVGH HO VHUYLFLR FRPSHWHQWH HQJHVWLyQIRUHVWDOGHODFRPXQLGDGDXWyQRPDXQOLVWDGR GHLQGLFDGRUHVDPELHQWDOHVGHVHJXLPLHQWRSDUDHYDOXDU ORV 2E* \ RWUR SDUD HYDOXDU ORV 2E2 GH FDGD SODQ GH JHVWLyQ IRUHVWDO 'H FDGD XQR GH ORV OLVWDGRV GHEHUtD HVFRJHUVH DTXHOORV LQGLFDGRUHV TXH SHUPLWDQ UHDOL]DU XQD PHMRU HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV REMHWLYRV SODQWHDGRV FRQ HOPHQRUFRVWHSRVLEOHVLHPSUHWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXH FDGDREMHWLYRDHYDOXDUGHEHUtDVHUPHGLGRSRUGRVRPiV LQGLFDGRUHV/DUD]yQSRUODFXDOHVLQWHUHVDQWHGLVSRQHU GHGRVOLVWDGRVFHUUDGRVGHLQGLFDGRUHVDPELHQWDOHVSDUD HVFRJHUFXDOHVXWLOL]DUHQODHYDOXDFLyQGHORVREMHWLYRV GHFDGDSODQHVODGHGLVSRQHUGHXQYROXPHQLPSRUWDQWH GHLQIRUPDFLyQKRPRJpQHDTXHSHUPLWDWRPDUGHFLVLRQHV DFHUWDGDVDODKRUDGHHYDOXDUODVGLUHFWULFHVGH*)6GHOD SURSLDFRPDUFDRUHJLyQ3DUDDVHJXUDUXQDEXHQDFDOLGDG GH ORV GDWRV JHQHUDGRV SRU ORV LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV GH VHJXLPLHQWR HV PX\ LPSRUWDQWH IDFLOLWDU SDUD FDGD LQGLFDGRU DPELHQWDO XQD KRMD GH PHWDGDWRV GRQGH VH H[SOLTXH VX SURFHGLPLHQWR GH WRPD GH GDWRV \ ODV XQLGDGHVHQTXHGHEHDSDUHFHUHOUHVXOWDGR$VtPLVPRVH UHFRPLHQGDHVWDEOHFHUHQODKRMDGHPHWDGDWRVXQUDQJR GHYDORUHVSDUDSUHVHQWDUHOUHVXOWDGRGHOLQGLFDGRU'H HVWDIRUPDVHUiSRVLEOHFRQRFHUVLHOUHVXOWDGRHVEXHQR R PDOR \ VX HYROXFLyQ WHPSRUDO 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D TXLHQ GHEH GH FDOFXODU ORV LQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHV GH FDGD SODQ SDUHFH OR PiV DFHUWDGR GHMDU HQ PDQRV GHO WpFQLFR UHVSRQVDEOH GH UHGDFWDU HO SUR\HFWR OD HOHFFLyQ GHLQGLFDGRUHV\HOFiOFXORLQLFLDOGHORVPLVPRV(QODV VLJXLHQWHVHWDSDVGHFiOFXORGHODEDWHUtDGHLQGLFDGRUHV DPELHQWDOHVGHEHUtDVHUODHPSUHVDHQFDUJDGDGHHMHFXWDU ORVWUDEDMRVVHOYtFRODV\HOSURSLHWDULRRSURSLHWDULRVGH ODV¿QFDVRUGHQDGDVORVHQFDUJDGRVGHVXFiOFXOR 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D ORV SODQHV GDVRFUiWLFRV ODHVWUXFWXUD\FRQWHQLGRGHORVSODQHVUHDOL]DGRVGHVGH Tabla 1.&XELHUWDVIRUHVWDOHVGH0HQRUFD Cubierta forestal 6XSHU¿FLHKD 6XSHU¿FLH Encinar Bosque mixto Bosques de ribera Pinares Sabinares $FHEXFKDUHV Total forestal arbolado Arbustos litorales Herbazales 0iTXLDVHVFOHUy¿ODV Marinas de Erica y estepas $FHEXFKHHQUHJHQHUDFLyQ Otras Total forestal no arbolado Total forestal 6XSHU¿FLHGH0HQRUFD 2.233,77 6.615,27 35,60 3.444,79 458,24 20.466,16 723,19 766,11 3.454,87 262,75 12.220,75 32.686,91 3,21 9,52 0,05 4,96 0,66 29,45 1,04 1,10 4,97 2,15 17,59 47,04 )XHQWH(ODERUDGRDSDUWLUGHOPDSDGHFXELHUWDVGH0HQRUFD 498 Material suplementario /D UHJLyQ GH HVWXGLR VH ORFDOL]D HQ OD LVOD GH 0HQRUFD,VODV%DOHDUHV5HVHUYDGHOD%LRVIHUDGHVGH HO DxR \ FX\D VXSHU¿FLH DVFLHQGH D .P² (OFOLPDGHODLVODSUHVHQWDGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQL¿FDWLYDVFRQ HO/HYDQWHHVSDxRODOWUDWDUVHGHXQFOLPDPHGLWHUUiQHR RFHiQLFRSOXYLHVWDFLRQDO5LYDV0DUWtQH]FRQXQD WHPSHUDWXUD PHGLD DQXDO GH & \ XQD SOXYLRPHWUtD DQXDOGHPPDxR$VtPLVPRVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUVHUXQ WHUULWRULRFRQPXQLFLSLRV\XQDSREODFLyQHPSDGURQDGD GHKDELWDQWHVHQHODxR7RGRHOORXQLGRDO HOHYDGRJUDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQORVGLIHUHQWHV KiELWDWV GH OD LVOD KD JHQHUDGR XQ SDLVDMH DJURIRUHVWDO HQ0HQRUFDGRQGHHOGHODVXSHU¿FLHGHODLVOD HV DJUtFROD R IRUHVWDO VHJ~Q HO ,9 ,QYHQWDULR )RUHVWDO 1DFLRQDO 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD DO PRGHOR HFRQyPLFR GH OD LVOD OD HFRQRPtD GH 0HQRUFD HVWi IXQGDPHQWDGD HQ XQ WXULVPR YHUDQLHJR \ XQD DFWLYLGDG DJUtFROD JDQDGHUDHQGHFOLYH(QFXDQWRDVXDFWLYLGDGIRUHVWDOVX FRQWULEXFLyQDO3URGXFWR,QWHULRU%UXWRGHODLVODKDVLGR VLHPSUHWHVWLPRQLDODWHQGLHQGRDODFDQWLGDGGHHPSUHVDV \ WUDEDMDGRUHV GHO VHFWRU GDGRV GH DOWD HQ OD 6HJXULGDG 6RFLDO ,QVWLWXWR 1DFLRQDO GH (VWDGtVWLFD 1R REVWDQWH HO DSURYHFKDPLHQWR GH ELRPDVD IRUHVWDO SDUD SURGXFLU DVWLOOD\VHUYHQGLGDDFHQWUDOHVWpUPLFDVHVWiJHQHUDQGR GHVGHHODxRXQLQFUHPHQWRPX\VLJQL¿FDWLYRHQOD JHVWLyQGHORVPRQWHVGHODLVOD'LFKDDFWLYLGDGXQLGR DOFRQWLQXDGRDXPHQWRGHOSUHFLRGHODHOHFWULFLGDGHVWi LQFHQWLYDQGR XQ LQWHUpV FUHFLHQWH GHO VHFWRU KRWHOHUR H LQGXVWULDOSRUHOXVRGHSHOOHW\DVWLOODSDUDJHQHUDUFDORU (QFXDQWRDODV¿JXUDVGHSURWHFFLyQDPELHQWDO 0HQRUFD GLVSRQH GH JUDQ SDUWH GH VX VXSHU¿FLH EDMR GLIHUHQWHV ¿JXUDV GH SURWHFFLyQ DPELHQWDO D HVFDOD HXURSHD QDFLRQDO \ DXWRQyPLFD $OJXQDV GH ODV PiV UHOHYDQWHV HQ FXDQWR D VXSHU¿FLH IRUHVWDO VRQ OD 5HG 1DWXUD /,& \ =(3$ HO 3DUTXH 1DWXUDO GH 6¶$OEXIHUD GHV *UDX R ¿JXUDV GH SURWHFFLyQ DPELHQWDO GHOSURSLR3ODQ7HUULWRULDO,QVXODU 0HQRUFD D SHVDU GH VHU XQD LVOD GH HVFDVD VXSHU¿FLH SUHVHQWD XQD JUDQ GLYHUVLGDG GH KiELWDWV IRUHVWDOHV 7DEOD (QWUH ODV SULQFLSDOHV FRPXQLGDGHV IRUHVWDOHV GH OD LVOD DWHQGLHQGR D VX VXSHU¿FLH FDEH GHVWDFDUODVFRPXQLGDGHVDUERODGDVGHDFHEXFKDUSLQDU \ HQFLQDU R ODV FRPXQLGDGHV DUEXVWLYDV GH PDTXLD \ JDUULJD 3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDDODFRPXQLGDGGHDFHEXFKDU VH HQFXHQWUD WDQWR HQ VXHORV VLOtFHR FRPR HQ FDOFiUHRV VLHPSUH\FXDQGRODWH[WXUDGHOVXHORQRVHDDUHQRVDR IUDQFRDUHQRVD3RURWURODGRVXHOHQSUHVHQWDUXQDDOWXUD FRPSUHQGLGD HQWUH \ PHWURV GH DOWXUD XQD HOHYDGD )FF WRWDO \ JHQHUDOPHQWH XQ PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH 5RWKHUPHOet al(QFXDQWRDODVHVSHFLHVSURSLDV GHODFHEXFKDUHODFHEXFKHVLOYHVWUHOlea europaea YDU sylvestris HV OD SULQFLSDO HVSHFLH GH OD FRPXQLGDG \ VXHOH YHQLU DFRPSDxDGD IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH GH HVSHFLHV DUEXVWLYDV\HQPHQRUPHGLGDSRUHVSHFLHVKHUEiFHDV (QWUHODVHVSHFLHVDUEXVWLYDVPiVFRPXQHVVHHQFXHQWUDQ HVSHFLHVFRPRSRUHMHPSOROHQWLVFRPistacia lentiscus ]DU]DSDUULOODSmilax asperaJDPyQFRP~QAsphodelus aestivus DOLDJD Calicotome spinosa R OHFKHWUH]QD Euphorbia dendroidesHQWUHRWUDV3RUORTXHUHVSHFWD DODVHVSHFLHVKHUEiFHDVVHHQFXHQWUDQHVSHFLHVFRPRHO SXHUURVLOYHVWUHAetheorhiza bulbosaRHOFDQGLOLOORVGHO GLDEORArisarum vulgareHQWUHRWUDV /D VLJXLHQWH FRPXQLGDG HQ LPSRUWDQFLD HQ FXDQWRDVXSHU¿FLHDEDUFDGDHVODFRPXQLGDGGHSLQDU 'LFKD FRPXQLGDG WLHQH SUHIHUHQFLD SRU ORV VXHORV FDOFiUHRV QR REVWDQWH WDPELpQ HVWi SUHVHQWD HQ VXHOR VLOtFHR/DFRPXQLGDGSLQDUVXHOHGLVSRQHUGHXQGRVHO DUEyUHR GH DOWXUD FRPSUHQGLGD HQWUH ORV \ PHWURV GH DOWXUD FRQ XQ VRWRERVTXH GHQVR \ JHQHUDOPHQWH XQ PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH 5RWKHUPHO et al (Q FXDQWRDODVHVSHFLHVSURSLDVGHGLFKDFRPXQLGDGHOSLQR FDUUDVFRPinus halepensisHVODSULQFLSDOHVSHFLHGHQWUR GH OD SURSLD FRPXQLGDG 1R REVWDQWH HO SLQR FDUUDVFR VXHOH DSDUHFHU DFRPSDxDGR GH XQD JUDQ YDULHGDG GH HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV DUEXVWLYDV \ KHUEiFHDV (QWUH ODV HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV VXHOH HQFRQWUDUVH HQFLQDV Quercus ilex \ DFHEXFKHV DUERUHVFHQWHV Olea europaea var. sylvestris SULQFLSDOPHQWH 3RU OR TXH UHVSHFWD D HVSHFLHVDUEXVWLYDVDSDUHFHQIUHFXHQWHPHQWHHMHPSODUHV GH DFHEXFKH DUEXVWLYR Olea europaea var. sylvestris OHQWLVFR Pistacia lentiscus ]DU]DSDUULOOD Smilax asperaJDPyQFRP~QAsphodelus aestivusODELpUQDJR EODQFRPhillyrea angustifoliaEUH]R(ULFDPXOWLÀRUD\ Erica arboreaURPHUR5RVPDULQXVRI¿FLQDOLVRFDUUL]R Ampelodesmos mauritanica HQWUH RWUDV (Q FXDQWR D ODVHVSHFLHVKHUEiFHDVSUHVHQWHVFDEHGHVWDFDUHOWUpERO GH FXDWUR KRMDV Lotus tetraphyllus JDOORV Serapias linguaRHOFDUGR\HVTXHUREchinops ritroHQWUHRWUDV /DVLJXLHQWHFRPXQLGDGIRUHVWDOHQLPSRUWDQFLD HQ FXDQWR D VXSHU¿FLH IRUHVWDO HV OD FRPXQLGDG GH HQFLQDU 'LFKD FRPXQLGDG VH HQFXHQWUD HQ VXHORV SURIXQGRV \ K~PHGRV GH VXHORV VLOLFLRV \ FDOFiUHRV &XDQWDPD\RUVHDODGHQVLGDGGHHQFLQDVQuercus ilex GHQWUR GHO GRVHO DUEyUHR PHQRU VHUi OD FDQWLGDG GH HVSHFLHV DUEXVWLYDV \ KHUEiFHDV SUHVHQWHV$Vt SXHV HQ DTXHOORVHQFLQDUHVFRQXQD)FFGHHQFLQDQuercus ilex HQ HO GRVHO DUEyUHR OD )FF DUEXVWLYD \ KHUEiFHD VXHOHVHUHVFDVDPRGHORGHFRPEXVWLEOHHQODHVFDOD GH5RWKHUPHOet al(QFDPELRFRQIRUPHPD\RU HV OD DEXQGDQFLD GH RWUDV HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV R PHQRU OD )FFGHHQFLQDGHQWURGHOGRVHODUEyUHRPD\RUHVOD)FF DUEXVWLYD \ KHUEiFHD SUHVHQWH PRGHOR GH FRPEXVWLEOH VHPHMDQWHDHQODHVFDODGH5RWKHUPHOet al3RU ORTXHUHVSHFWDDODDOWXUDGHOGRVHODUEyUHRHODUERODGR QRVXHOHVXSHUDUORVPHWURVHQHQFLQDUHVSXURV\ORV PHWURVHQORVHQFLQDUHVPL[WRV3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDDODV HVSHFLHVSUHVHQWHVODHQFLQDQuercus ilexHVODHVSHFLH SULQFLSDO\VXHOHYHQLUDFRPSDxDGDGHHVSHFLHVOLDQRLGHV Tamus communis\Hedera helixHQORVHQFLQDUHVSXURV (Q HQFLQDUHV GRQGH VRQ UHODWLYDPHQWH IUHFXHQWHV RWUDV HVSHFLHV DUEyUHDV Pinus halepensis JHQHUDOPHQWH VH GHWHFWDQ DGHPiV RWUDV HVSHFLHV DUEXVWLYDV FRPR HO OHQWLVFR Pistacia lentiscus R HO PDGURxR Arbutus unedoHQWUHRWUDV 3RUORTXHUHVSHFWDDODVFRPXQLGDGHVDUEXVWLYDV SUHVHQWHVVRQDEXQGDQWHVODVPDULQDVFRQSUHGRPLQLRGH EUH]R Erica arborea \ (ULFD PXOWLÀRUD MDUDV Cistus spRFDUUL]RAmpelodesmos mauritanicaHQWUHRWUDV (O SUHGRPLQLR GH XQDV HVSHFLHV X RWUDV GHSHQGH GH ODV SURSLHGDGHVGHOVXHOR(QRFDVLRQHVGLFKDVFRPXQLGDGHV DUEXVWLYDV WLHQGHQ D HYROXFLRQDU KDFLD PDVDV GH DFHEXFKDURHQFLQDU 499 5HIHUHQFLDVELEOLRJUiÀFDV De Castro M, Martín-Vide J, Alonso S (2005) El clima de España: Pasado, presente y escenarios del clima para el siglo XXI. En: Moreno J. Evaluación preliminar de los impactos en España por efecto del cambio climático. Editorial Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid. pp. 1-64 Life+Boscos (2012) Directrices para la adaptación de los bosques de Menorca al cambio climático. Editorial Consell Insular de Menorca, Mahón. pp. 1-13. Disponible en: http://lifeboscos.cime.es/ documents/docs/LifeBoscos/E1X0100/REV0.pdf Último acceso 10 de junio de 2014 Montoya J, Mesón M (2004) Selvicultura. Tomo I y II. Editorial Fundación Conde del Valle de SalazarMundi-prensa, Madrid. pp. 577-652 Observatorio Socioambiental de Menorca (2011) I.b.1 Precipitació. En: Indicadors bàsics. Editorial Instituto Menorquín de Estudios, Mahón. pp. 11-16 Petrus J (2011) =RQLÀFDFLy GH OD YXOQHUDELOLWDW a l’estrès hídric dels boscos de Menorca dins del projecte LIFE+BOSCOS (LIFE+07ENV/E/000824). Editorial Fundación Bosch y Gimpera de la Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona. pp. 73-74. Disponible en: http:// lifeboscos.cime.es/documents/docs/LifeBoscos/ P1X0090/REV0.pdf Último acceso 10 de junio de 2014 500
