El enfoque de la dominancia en el análisis de la pobreza. Una

El enfoque de la dominancia en el análisis de la pobreza.
Una aplicación al caso de Uruguay
Coral del Río*
Máximo Rossi+
*
Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, España (crio@uvigo.es).
+
Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la
República, Uruguay (mito@decon.edu.uy).
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Curvas de Lorenz Generalizadas
Ingreso mensual (OCDE)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
20
40
60
80
Porcentaje acumulado
de población
1997
1998
)LJXUD
1991
100
Curvas TIP no-normalizadas
Ingreso mensual (OCDE)
200
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Porcentaje acumulado
de población
1997
1998
)LJXUD
1991
35
40
Evolución del Ingreso y del Gap medio
Ingreso mensual (OCDE)
200
4100
4000
3900
150
3800
3700
100
3600
3500
50
3400
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Años
INGRESO MEDIO
GAP DE POBREZA MEDIO
)LJXUD
1999
Curvas TIP no-normalizadas
Ingreso mensual (OCDE)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Porcentaje acumulado
de población
1991
1993
1994
)LJXUD
1995
1996
1997
Curvas TIP normalizadas
Ingreso mensual (OCDE)
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Porcentaje acumulado
de población
1997
1998
)LJXUD
1991
35
40
Evolución Ingreso y Gap normalizado medio
Ingreso mensual (OCDE)
4100
0.12
4000
0.11
3900
0.1
3800
0.09
3700
3600
0.08
3500
0.07
3400
1990
0.06
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Años
INGRESO MEDIO
GAP NORMALIZADO MEDIO
)LJXUD
1999
Evolución del Ingreso y del Headcount
Ingreso mensual (OCDE)
35
4100
4000
31.3
3900
29
28.6
27.3
3800
26.8
29.8
29.9
27
26.9
25.4
3700
23.3
30
25
25.1
22.5
3600
20
3500
3400
1990
15
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Años
INGRESO MEDIO
Headcount "absoluto"
)LJXUD
Headcount "relativo"
Curvas TIP normalizadas
Ingreso mensual (OCDE)
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Porcentaje acumulado
de población
1991
1993
1994
)LJXUD
1995
1996
1997
7DEOD*DSGH3REUH]DHQHOGHOLQJUHVRPHGLRPHQVXDOGHHQSHVRVGHGLFLHPEUH
GH
OCDE
Ingreso Medio
1991 1997
1998
9,894 10,235 10,914
7,481 7,784 8,326
5,703 5,972 6,407
3,857 4,086
4,4
3,498 3,712 4,015
2,664 2,859 3,088
Proporción de pobres (%)
1991
1997
1998
28.8
28.3
26.0
27.4
27.2
25.1
27.0
26.6
24.5
27.4
26.8
25.0
27.3
26.9
25.1
29.4
28.5
27.2
Cambio proporc pobres (%)
91-97
97-98
91-98
-1.6
-8.2
-9.6
-0.7
-7.8
-8.5
-1.4
-7.8
-9.1
-2.2
-6.5
-8.6
-1.3
-6.7
-7.9
-3.2
-4.6
-7.7
Gap de pobreza medio
1991 1997
1998
474
471
432
327
327
303
237
239
225
165
168
163
150
156
150
132
136
133
7DEOD /ÐQHDV GH SREUH]D HQ HO GHO LQJUHVR PHGLR GH FDGD GLVWULEXFLÖQ HQ SHVRV GH
GLFLHPEUHGH
OCDE
Líneas de pobreza
1991 1997 1998
4,947 5,117 5,457
3,741 3,892 4,163
2,851 2,986 3,204
1,928 2,043 2,2
1,749 1,856 2,008
1,332 1,43 1,544
Proporción de pobres (%)
1991
1997
1998
28.8
29.9
30.4
27.4
29.0
30.0
27.0
28.5
29.8
27.4
29.5
31.0
27.3
29.9
31.3
29.4
31.9
33.3
Cambio proporc pobres (%)
91-97
97-98
91 - 98
3.8
1.8
5.6
5.9
3.5
9.6
5.6
4.6
10.4
7.7
5.2
13.3
9.5
4.7
14.7
8.5
4.2
13.0
Gap de pobreza medio
1991
1997
1998
0.096 0.102
0.106
0.087 0.095
0.101
0.083 0.092
0.100
0.086 0.098
0.109
0.086 0.100
0.111
0.099 0.116
0.128
7DEOD0HQRUHVOÐQHDVGHSREUH]DTXHDVHJXUDQGRPLQDQFLDFRQFXUYDV7,3HQSHVRVGH
GLFLHPEUHGH
OCDE
TIP 91 versus TIP 97
Menor línea 97 numérica Menor línea 97 estadística
Valor
% Media
Valor
% Media
5,015
49.0
4,913
48.0
3,814
49.0
3,658
47.0
2,867
48.0
2,807
47.0
1,92
47.0
1,879
46.0
1,745
47.0
1,67
45.0
1,315
46.0
1,287
45.0
TIP 97 versus TIP 98
Menor línea 98 numérica Menor línea 98 estadística
Valor
% Media
Valor
% Media
EQV
EQV
EQV
EQV
4,088
49.1
3,921
47.1
3,139
49.0
3,011
47.0
2,112
48.0
2,024
46.0
1,927
48.0
1,847
46.0
1,482
48.0
1,421
46.0
TIP 91 versus TIP 98
Menor línea 98 numérica
Menor línea 98 estadística
Valor
% Media
Valor
% Media
5,239
48.0
5,13
47.0
3,913
47.0
3,83
46.0
2,947
46.0
2,883
45.0
1,98
45.0
1,892
43.0
1,772
44.1
1,692
42.1
1,344
43.5
1,282
41.5